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[email protected], 10.03.2006 Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom (XP)
Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom (XP)
Boštjan Müller
[email protected], 10.03.2006 Osnove podpore MS namiznim sistemom (XP)
Chapter 1
Installing a Windows Desktop Operating System
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Hardware RequirementsMinimum •Processor
–Pentium II 233Mhz•Memory
–64 MB•Disk space
–1.5 GB free space•Network
–None•Display
–VGA•CD-ROM/DVD
Recommended •Processor
–Pentium II 300Mhz•Memory
–128 MB•Disk space
–2 GB free space•Network
–Network Card•Display
–SVGA•CD-ROM/DVD
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Checking Hardware and Software Compatibility
• Check Hardware Compatibility at: ● http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/default.mspx● Windows Catalog: http
://www.microsoft.com/windows/catalog
• BIOS Compatibility● ACPI support (F7 option at boot)● update to latest BIOS firmware● disable antivirus
• Drivers● suitable drivers for HDD controllers if
not supported by operating system● F6 at boot
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Partitioning Disk Space
• Create a new partition on unpartitioned hard disk• Create a new partition on a partitioned hard disk• Install on an existing partition• Delete an existing partition to make disk space
available
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System and Boot Partitions• System Partition
● Contains Boot Loader (NTLDR)● Contains Boot Sector
• Boot Partition● Contains Windows XP operating
system files (\windows)● Recommended size is at least 2GB free
space
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Using Remote Installation Services (RIS)• Ris Server Requirements
● Windows 2000 or Windows 2003 Server (member or Domain Controller)
● Pentium 133 or higher , 128 MB ram minimum, NIC
● at least two partitions, one for the operating system and one RIS
● TCP/IP● DHCP● DNS● Active Directory (AD)
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Troubleshooting Installation• Common Installation Problems
● media errors
● insufficient disk space
● not enough memory
● not enough processing power
● hardware that is not on the HCL
● hardware with no driver support
● hardware that is not configured properly
● incorrect CD key
● failure to access TCP/IP network resources
● failure to connect to a domain controller when joining a domain
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Troubleshooting Installation• Log Files
● Action log contains actions performed during setup
❍ \Windir\setupact.log● Error log contains errors that occured
during setup❍ \Windir\setuperr.log
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Supporting Multiple-Boot Options• The first partition must have a file system that
is supported by all operating systems
• You can multiboot between Dos, Windows 9x, NT, 2000, XP, 2003
• It is recommended that each operating system is on its own partition
• It is recommended that Windows NT 4.0 has at least Service Pack 4 installed
• It is recommended that Windows XP is the last operating system installed
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Chapter 2
Managing and Troubleshooting Access to Resources
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Managing Local Access• Applying NTFS Permissions
● NTFS Permissions are cumulative● Deny overrides allow permissions● 5 levels of permissions:
❍ Full Control❍ Modify❍ Read & Execute❍ List Folder Contents❍ Read❍ Write
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Managing Local Access• Applying NTFS Permissions
(CACLS)
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Managing Local Access• Controlling Permission
Inheritance● Inherit from Parent● Replace permission entries
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Managing Local Access• Ownership
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Managing Local Access• Determining Effective
Permissions
• Viewing Effective Permissions (CACLS)
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Managing Local Access• NTFS Permissions for Copied or
Moved Files● Move on the same volume/partition
retains original NTFS permissions● Move between different
volumes/partitions inherits NTFS permissions from destination
● Copy always inherits NTFS permissions from destination
● Copy/Move to FAT will not retain NTFS permissions
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Managing Network Access• Creating Shared Folders
● Share Name● Comment● User Limit● Permissions● Caching
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Managing Network Access• Creating Shared Folders
● Only folders and printers can be shared
● Share permissions apply to folders● Share permissions apply to
network access only● A copied/moved shared folder is
not shared● creat a hidden share by adding a $
at the end● net share
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Managing Network Access• Configuring Share Permissions
● Full Control, Change, Read
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The Flow of Resource Access• Local and Network Access
● The most restrictive access applies when combining Share permissions and NTFS permissions
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Managing Printing• Printing Basics
● Printer● Print Device● Print Server● Print Spooler● Printer pool● Printer driver● Physical port
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Managing Printing• The Windows XP Printing Process
• The Roles of Print Devices and Printers● One printer per print device● One printer – multiple print devices (printer
pooling)● Multiple printers – single print device
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Managing Printing• Setting Up Printers
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Managing Printing• Security
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Print server properties
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File and Folder Management Basics• Managing File and Folder
Options● Offline Folder Options
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File and Folder Management Basics• Managing File and Folder
Options● Manually synchronizing and offline
folder
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File and Folder Management Basics• Managing File and Folder
Options● Making files and folders available
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File and Folder Management Basics• Managing File and Folder
Options● Preventing a Folder from Being
Accessed Offline
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Chapter 3
Configuring and Troubleshooting Hardware Devices and Drivers
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Configuring Disk Storage• Basic Storage
H:H:G:G:F:F:
E:E:
D:D:
C:C:
F:F:
E:E:
D:D:
C:C:
-OR--OR--OR--OR-
Primarypartitions
Up to four primary partitions
Up to three primary partitions and one extended partition
with logical drives
Extendedpartition withlogical drives
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Configuring Disk Storage• Dynamic Storage
● No limits on number of volumes● Supports simple volumes, spanned
volumes, striped volumes● Upgraded from basic disk● Supported by Windows 2000, XP
and 2003
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Configuring Disk Storage• Dynamic Storage
● Simple Volumes
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Configuring Disk Storage• Dynamic Storage
● Spanned Volumes
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Configuring Disk Storage• Dynamic Storage
● Striped Volumes
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Configuring Disk Storage
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Display Properties
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DirectX Diagnostic Tool• Start->Run->msinfo32.exe -> Tools ->
DirectX Diagnostic Tool
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Configuring Power Management Options for Mobile Computing• Selecting a Power Scheme
• Using Power-Saving Options
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Selecting a Power Scheme
Select a time to hibernatethe computer automatically
A power scheme is a collection of settings that manage a computer’s power usage
Select a power scheme
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Using Power-Saving Options - Standby• Standby
● For short periods of non-use● The monitor and hard disks turn off
automatically● Operating system continues to run in a
low-power state
ZZZzzzZZZzzz
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Using Power-Saving Options - Standby• Hibernation
● For extended periods of non-use● The desktop is saved to hard disk● The monitor and hard disks turn off
automatically● System shuts down
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Managing I/O Devices• Configuring the Keyboard
• Configuring the Mouse
• Configuring Wireless Devices
• Configuring USB Devices
• Managing Processors (Uni – Multi)
• Configuring Fax support
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Managing Multiple Hardware Profiles• Hardware profile contains all of the settings
for a Computer
• Multiple hardware profiles are used when a computer uses different devices at different locations
• You can enable/disable devices and services profiles
• Can be created in Start -> Control Panel -> Performance and Maintenance -> System
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Updating Drivers
Start the Device Manager
Open the Properties of device to update
Run the Update Device Driver Wizard
To Update a DriverTo Update a Driver
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Driver Rollback
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Chapter 4
Configuring and Troubleshooting the Desktop and User
Environments
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Customizing the Taskbar
Taskbar
Quick Launch
Notification Area
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Customizing the Start Menu
Pinned Programs
Recentlyused
programs
All Programs
menu
User
StandardFolders
ControlPanel
DefaultUtilities
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Configuring Accessibility Options
• FilterKeys
• StickyKeys
• ToggleKeys
• SoundSentry
• ShowSounds
• MouseKeys
• SerialKeys
• High Contrast
• Magnifier
The Accessibility Wizard Can Help You Configure Accessibility Options, Including:
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Configuring Regional Options• Changing Time, Date, Number, and
Currency Formats
• Changing Keyboard Layout
• Adding a Language
• Switching to a Different Language
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Group Policy Objects and Active Directory• Active Directory Overview
● Hierarchical structure● Domains● Organizational Units
• GPO Inheritance● Order of Application1. Local computer2. Site (group of domains)3. Domain4. Organizational Unit● No Override● Block Inheritance
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Group Policy Objects and Active Directory• Using the Group Policy Result
Tool
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Group Policy Objects and Active Directory
• Applying LGPOs
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Working with User Accounts• Computer Management
• Local Users and Groups (MMC)
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Creating New Users• Only Administrators and Power
Users
• Username Rules and Conventions● between 1 to 20 characters● must be unique● cannot contain */\[]:;|=,+?<>”
• Security Identifiers
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Troubleshooting User Accounts Authentication• Local User Accounts
● Incorrect username, incorrect password, prohibitive user rights, disabled or deleted account, domain account logon
• Domain User Accounts● Incorrect username, incorrect password,
prohibitive user rights, disabled or deleted account, local account logon, computer is not part of domain, unavailable Domain Controller/DNS/Global Catalog
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Using System Monitor• Select appropriate view
● Chart, Histogram, Report
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Using Task Manager
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Using Task Manager
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Using System Monitor• Administrative tools ->
Performance
MMC -> ActiveX control -> System Monitor
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Using System Monitor• Select appropriate view
● Chart, Histogram, Report
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Using System Monitor• Adding counters
● Choose computer● Choose performance object● Choose counter● Choose instance
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Chapter 5
Troubleshooting Network Protocols and Services
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Overview of Network Protocols• Overview of TCP/IP Protocol
● Benefits● Features● Basics of IP Addressing and
Configuration❍ IP Address❍ Subnet Mask❍ Default Gateway❍ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)❍ Domain Name System (DNS) servers❍ Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
servers
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TCP/IP properties
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Overview of Network Protocols• Options for Deploying TCP/IP Configurations
● APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)❍ - client does not receive an address from DHCP❍ - client chooses an IP address from the following range❍ 169.254.0.1 – 169.254.255.254 mask 255.255.0.0❍ - verifies that it is not in use- continues to check for the presence of a DHCP server
every 5 minutes● Disable APIPA in registry
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\ParametersIPAutoconfigurationEnabled=0
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Overview of Network Protocols• Options for Deploying TCP/IP Configurations
● Using Alternate IP Configuration
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Using an Internet Connection Firewall (ICF)
• ICF is a stateful firewall
• Should only be used if connected directly to the Internet
• Do not use with VPN and on the internal connection of a ICS host
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ipconfig
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Overview of Network Protocols• Testing IP Configuration
● IPCONFIG❍ /all❍ /release❍ /renew❍ /flushdns❍ /registerdns❍ /showclassid❍ /setclassid
• PING
• NBTSTAT
• PATHPING
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Overview of Network Protocols• Testing IP Configuration
● Local Area Connection Status
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Overview of Network Protocols• Overview of TCP/IP Protocol
● DNS❍ resolves hostnames to IP addresses❍ resolves IP addresses to hostnames❍ alternative is a HOSTS file
● WINS❍ resolves NetBIOS names to IP
addresses❍ resolves IP addresses to NetBIOS
names❍ alternative is LMHOSTS file or
broadcast
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Overview of Network Protocols• Understanding TCP/IP Name
Resolution● DNS● NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)● WINS● HOSTS or LMHOSTS files● Subnet Broadcasts
• Using Multiple IP Addresses
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Using the New Connection Wizard• Use the New Connetion Wizard
to implement remote connections
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Setting Up a Modem
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Using Virtual Private Connections• Windows XP can be a VPN client
• Windows XP can also be a VPN server
● limited to 1 connection only
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New Virtual Private Network connection
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Using Virtual Private Connections
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Configuring and Managing Internet Explorer
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Configuring and Managing Internet Explorer
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Configuring and Managing Internet Explorer
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Configuring and Managing Internet Explorer
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Using Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance
• Remote Desktop
• Remote Assistance
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Remote Assistance• Start -> Help and Support -> Invite a friend to connect to
your computer with Remote Assistance -> Invite someone to help you