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Borrow money from a pessimist…
They don’t expect it back.
Early Aegean Civilization & The Rise of Hellenic Civilization
• Sir Arthur Evans, 1900
Theseus and the Minotaur
Theseus and the Minotaur
North entrance of Palace of Knossos
Sea themes on Cretan pottery
The Queen’s Room…
Minoan ladies, 1400
Prince With Lilies, c. 1500 BC
• The Fisherman
Crete, c 1400
Bull leaping Mural, Palace at Knossos
The Palace at Knossos, 2200 -1400 BC
• The Lion’s Gate, 1350 BC
Kyriakos Pittakis, 1841
The Treasury of Atreus, circa 1300 BC
• Pottery, swords, knives and 100’s of gold ornaments have been found
Two sets of gravesites were discovered at Mycenae
Mycenaean Queen, c. 1350
12th C. : The Trojan Wars
The poet Homer: The Iliad and The Odyssey
Invasions usher in a “Dark Age.” (1100-800 BC)
Invasions usher in a “Dark Age.” (1100-800 BC)
• Mycenaean civilization disappeared- warfare, poverty, insecurity and isolation.
• Extensive trade ceased• The knowledge of writing was forgotten• Palace workshops were abandoned• Art reflected primitive forms• Simple burials• No massive buildings/architecture• Fewer water wells were dug
How did life change after 800 BC?
• “The Greek Renaissance” 800 – 600 BC• Writing again became part of Greek culture
(Phoenician script!)• Population increased dramatically• Urbanization quickened • A merchant class emerged • Colonies around the Mediterranean multiplied • Overseas trade expanded • Rise in use of metals
The poet Homer: broke with the traditional treatment of the heroes of myth and legend
• Not just deeds and actions, but added what the hero thought and felt about his behavior
• Developed characters who were complex in their motives, who expressed emotions such as anger, vengeance, guilt, remorse and compassion.
Hesiod,wrote
The Theogonyand
Works & Days
• Hesiod, The Theogony• Emptiness - Chaos• 5 orginal elements personified as gods
• Gaia - the primordial earth goddess; Tartarus: Eros; Eerebus; Nyx
• Gaia - Uranus
12 children- the Titans• Cronus• Cronus and Rhea
6 children- Hestia, Demeter, Hera,
Hades, Poseidon and Zeus.• Zeus vs The Titans, The Giants and Typhon• Zues - Supreme leader dwells on Mt. Olympis
• The Polis… is the name for the independent city-state of the ancient Hellenes people.
• The polis developed into a self-governing community that expressed the will of free citizens, not the desires of gods, hereditary kings or priests.
The great Greek contribution to political life:
• Individual members shared a sense of belonging to and participating in the polis.
• Community problems are caused by human beings and require human solutions.
• Laws expressed the rational mind of the community to insure its will and needs are met.
Sparta: the ultimate military state
Spartan warriors, c. 450 BC
The ruins of Ancient Sparta
Athens, cradle of democracy
Draco Solon 620’sBC 570’sBC
Pisistratus,
540’s BC
Cleisthenes,
508 BC
