UNIT 10Key Vocab:

fertile خصب genetically modified

وراثيا معدل

organic عضوي inorganic عضوي غيرpesticide آفات مبيد spray يرشgene جين genetic

engineering الهندسةالوراثية

ingredients مكونات ripen ينضجrot يتعفن seeds بذورstarvation / الموت مجاعة

جوعاagriculture الزراعة

fertilizer سماد starve جوعا يموتmodify يعدل modification تعديلrotten متعفن carbohydrate الكربوهيدرا

تfat دهن protein البروتين

Vocabulary:

amount = quantity

كمية genetic structure

الوراثي التركيب

organic farming

العضوية الزراعة farm (v./n.) / مزرعة يزرع

soil التربة improve / يتحسن يحسنquality / جودة نوعية production اإلنتاجconsumption

االستهالك hunter صياد

nuts الجوز roots الجذورcollect يجمع later بعد فيماmethod طريقة wild plants برية نباتات

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notice يالحظ living things الحية الكائناتcontain علي يحتوي laboratory معملinsect حشرة destroy / يتلف يدمرdamage يضر/ ضرر/ تلف/

يتلفnormal عادي

do damage تلف يسبب modern science

الحديث العلم

crops المحاصيل attack / هجوم يهاجمhealthy food

صحي طعام frequently غالبا

global warming

االحتباسالحراري

vitamins الفيتامينات

nutrition التغذية nutritious مغذيnourishment

الغذاء malnutrition التغذية سوء

meat اللحم cheese الجبنbutter الزبد bread الخبزpasta (كأنواع العجائن

المكرونة)fruit الفاكهة

vegetables الخضروات disease resistant

لألمراض مقاوم

salt الملح market السوقhigh yield seeds

عالية بذوراإلنتاجية

high yield crops

عالية محاصيلاإلنتاجية

preservation

حفظ cultivation الزراعة

irrigation الري desertification التصحـرdental decay

األسنان تسوس flavour نكهة

poison سم structure تركيبdecay / يتعفن يتحلل cell خليةguarantee يضمن type=sort=kin

dنوع

potential إمكانية scientific experiments

العلمية التجارب

supply / يزود يمد add يضيف

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addition إضافة additive مضافة مادةsuppose يفترض modernize / يجدد يُحدثfood shortage

الغذاء نقص desert reclamation

الصحراء استصالح

cut down يقلل concern / يهم يخصranch كبيرة مزرعة food

poisoningغذائي تسمم

country borders

الدول حدود digest يهضم

digestion الهضم indigestion الهضم عسرswallow يبتلع breathe يتنفسbreath النفس over time الوقت بمرورremove يزيل stream / / يتدفق ماء مجري

يسيلdietician تغذية أخصائي genetic

modificationوراثي تعديل

diet خاص نظامللتغذية

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Prepositions:spray with باستخدام يرش

معينة) (مادةharmful to لـ ضار

poisonous for لـ سام express opinion on/about

عن يعبرفي رأي

be concerned to+inf.

بـ مهتم be concerned with+n.

بـ مهتم

smile at لـ يبتسم lie to علي يكذبput genes into plants

في جينات يضعالنباتات

bring down يقلل

come round يزور resistant to لـ مقاومlife on earth علي الحياة

األرضlead to إلي يؤدي

experiment on/with

علي تجربة يجري rich in بـ غني

Words and their antonyms:

fertile خصب infertile خصب غيرorganic عضوي inorganic عضوي غيرnatural طبيعي unnatural طبيعي غيرmerits مزايا demerits عيوبresponsible مسئول irresponsible مسئول غيرhealthy صحي unhealthy صحي غيرsuccessful ناجح unsuccessful ناجح غيرagreement اتفاق disagreemen

tاختالف

attractive جذاب unattractive جذاب غير

Listening and ReadingTape script

Hassan: What was the radio programme about that you were listening to, Ali?Ali: It was very interesting, Hassan. It was an interview with a farmer. He was talking about organic farming.Hassan: What did he say?

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Ali: He said that organic farming was the best way to farm.Hassan: Really? I don’t think it is. Why did he think that?Ali: Well, he said that when he was learning about farming, his teacher told him that most fruit and vegetables were sprayed with pesticides. He explained that pesticides could be poisonous.Hassan: I suppose so.Ali: He also said that in the past, the Nile had flooded every year. He explained that this had left fertile soil on the fields, so farmers hadn’t needed chemical fertilizers then. He said that the Nile doesn’t flood the fields now, but there must be a better way to improve the soil than spraying the fields with chemicals.Hassan: What is the answer, then?Ali: He said that he wanted to improve the quality of the soil by adding natural, organic fertilizers.Hassan: But surely it’s much quicker and easier for farmers to spray their crops with chemical fertilizers and pesticides, isn’t it?Ali: Yes, but he said that using organic fertilizers would be cheaper than using chemical fertilizers.Hassan: What about the quantity of crops farmers get, though? Modern farming makes more money than organic farming, doesn’t it? What did he say about that?Ali: He said that organic farms didn’t produce the same quantities as modern farms, so they didn’t make quite as much money. But he said that organic food is much better for you.Hassan: I’m not so sure. Did he talk about genetically modified crops, too?Ali: He asked the interviewer if he could talk about genetically modified crops, but the interviewer said that this was going to be the subject of the programme the following week.Hassan: It’ll be on next Tuesday, won’t it?Ali: Yes, it will. It’s an interesting subject, isn’t it?Hassan: Yes, I’d like to listen to that.

Should our food be modified? Thousands of years ago, most people were hunters

whose food came from the animals and fish that they had killed and from nuts, roots and fruit they had collected. Later, these hunters lived in one place and became farmers whose method of getting food was to grow crops from the seeds of wild plants. Over time, they noticed that some plants were better than others. They saved the seeds from these plants and so the yields and quality of

their crops improved .

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Like plants, all other living things contain genes which control what they will be like. Modern scientists can put genes into plants and animals in their laboratories, and this means they can modify their genes in order to change what they are like. This is called genetic engineering.

A type of tomato is an example of this. When tomatoes ripen, one of their genes produces a chemical that makes the fruit rot. Scientists can modify this gene so that the tomatoes do not rot so quickly. This is one way in which genetically modified (GM) crops can improve agriculture. Scientists know that this technology can also protect people from starvation in countries where insects or diseases destroy crops. For example, fruit and vegetables have been modified so that they are not damaged by the diseases that kill other plants.

However, many people believe that modified food is unnatural and fear that genetic engineering may bring new diseases in the future. So should we eat genetically modified food or not? Surprisingly, biscuits, cakes and many other foods that we have been eating for years already contain genetically modified ingredients. Have they done us any harm?

Questions and answers1- How did people get their food thousands of years ago ?* They got their food from the animals and fish they had killed and from nuts, roots and fruit they had collected.

2- How did people get their food when they lived in one place ?* They became farmers whose method of getting food was to grow crops from the seeds of wild plants.

3- How did they improve the yield and quality of their crops ?* They saved the seeds from their best plants and used them to improve the yield and quality of the crops.

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4- What do genes do ?* They control what a living thing will be like.

5- Where do scientists put genes into plants and animals ?* They do so in their laboratories.

6- What is genetic engineering ?* It is modifying the genes to change what a living thing will be like.

7- Give an example from the passage to show the benefit of genetic engineering ?* When normal tomatoes ripen, one of their genes produces a chemical that makes the fruit rot. Scientists can modify this gene so that the tomatoes do not rot so quickly.

8- Why don’t some people agree with the idea of genetic engineering ?* They believe that modified food is unnatural and that genetic engineering may bring new diseases in the future.

9- Why do some people think that the genetic engineering is safe ?* We have been eating biscuits, cakes and many other foods that contain genetically modified ingredients for years and they have not done us any damage.

Language Notes:Language Notes:الفعلالفعل makemake بدونبدون المصدرالمصدر بعدهبعده يأتي يأتي toto في في

للمعلوم:للمعلوم: المبنيالمبنيMake + inf. (active)Make + inf. (active) / يلزم يلزم / يجبر يجبر They They mademade him him paypay the money. the money.

بعدبعد يأتييأتي للمجهولللمجهول المبنيالمبني وفيوفي makemake المصدر المصدر ++ toto ::

He He was madewas made toto paypay the money. the money.7

Once Once = = at some time in the past at some time in the past في ما وقت في مرة / ذات الماضي

Once Once == as soon as as soon as أن بمجرد Once Once == one time one time واحدة مرة OnceOnce, people were hunters. Their food came from animals., people were hunters. Their food came from animals.

الماضي في ما وقت في OnceOnce I get the news, I'll phone you. I get the news, I'll phone you. أن بمجرد She visits her grandparents She visits her grandparents onceonce every six months every six months. مرة واحدةSoSo = very = very I enjoyed the film I enjoyed the film very muchvery much / / so muchso much..SuchSuch = very = very He is He is such asuch a clever boy. clever boy.

هناك adverbs بــ تنتهي ly من بدال تستخدم very للجملة: أقوي معني وتعطي

Extremely – fantastically – tremendously – greatly – Extremely – fantastically – tremendously – greatly – incredibly – unbelievably – awfully – terriblyincredibly – unbelievably – awfully – terribly

أنأن الحظالحظ awfullyawfully معمع عادةعادة تستخدم تستخدم : : sorrysorry The mountain is The mountain is extremelyextremely high. high. He was He was incrediblyincredibly rich. rich. I am I am awfullyawfully sorry for disturbing you. sorry for disturbing you.

Hope / WishHope / Wishبعدبعد يأتييأتي hopehope مستقبل:مستقبل: أوأو بسيطبسيط مضارعمضارع إما إما

I I hopehope he he passespasses / / will passwill pass the test. the test.بعدبعد يأتييأتي أنأن ويمكنويمكن hopehope المصدر المصدر + + toto ::

I I hope to winhope to win the first prize. the first prize.

بعدبعد نستخدمنستخدم wishwish التمنيالتمني عنعن للتعبيرللتعبير بسيطبسيط ماضي ماضي الحاضر:الحاضر: فيفي

I I don't havedon't have a camera. a camera. I wish I hadI wish I had a camera. a camera. People People throwthrow rubbish in the street. rubbish in the street. I wish people didn't throwI wish people didn't throw rubbish in the street. rubbish in the street.

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بعدبعد نستخدمنستخدم الماضيالماضي فيفي التمنيالتمني عنعن وللتعبيروللتعبير wishwish التام:التام: الماضيالماضي زمنزمن

I I failedfailed the exam. the exam. I wish I hadn't failedI wish I hadn't failed the exam. the exam. / I wish I had passed/ I wish I had passed the exam.the exam.

بعدبعد نستخدمنستخدم المستقبلالمستقبل فيفي التمنيالتمني عنعن وللتعبيروللتعبير wishwish باقيباقي مع مع wouldwould أو أو I/weI/we الضمائرالضمائر مع مع couldcould إماإما

الضمائر:الضمائر: I wish I could seeI wish I could see my friends tomorrow. my friends tomorrow. I wish my friend would comeI wish my friend would come to my party next week. to my party next week.

Expressing OpinionsExpressing Opinions

Expressing Expressing OpinionsOpinions

Agreeing with Agreeing with opinionsopinions

Disagreeing Disagreeing with opinionswith opinions

As far as I'm As far as I'm concerned,concerned,

So do I / I do So do I / I do too.too.

I don't./ I don't I don't./ I don't think sothink so

In my opinion,In my opinion, I agree (with I agree (with you).you).

I don't agree I don't agree (with you)(with you)

I'd say that ..I'd say that .. You are (quite) You are (quite) rightright

I disagree.I disagree.

It seems to me thatIt seems to me that ....

I think soI think so I'm not sureI'm not sure

I think …I think … I suppose so.I suppose so. Really!Really!ExamplesExamples:: As far as I'm concernedAs far as I'm concerned, the watch is more beautiful than, the watch is more beautiful than

that necklace.that necklace. I agree with you.I agree with you. In my opinion,In my opinion, we should all do more exercise. we should all do more exercise. You are quite right.You are quite right. I'd say thatI'd say that mountaineering is very dangerous. mountaineering is very dangerous. I'm not sure.I'm not sure.

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It seems to me thatIt seems to me that Paris is a great city. Paris is a great city. I don't think so.I don't think so.

Question tags

* Question tags are short questions at the end of a statement.

Form : Statement + Modal verb + Subject Form : Statement + Modal verb + Subject pronounpronounExample : It is hot today, isn’t it ?Example : It is hot today, isn’t it ?

* Study the following sentences carefully:* Study the following sentences carefully:1-I am his friend, aren’t I ?1-I am his friend, aren’t I ?2-I am not a doctor, am I ?2-I am not a doctor, am I ?3-This is an exciting film, isn’t it ?3-This is an exciting film, isn’t it ?4-There is no harm in trying it, is there ?4-There is no harm in trying it, is there ?5-Let’s go shopping, shall we ?5-Let’s go shopping, shall we ?6-Let me go shopping, will you ?6-Let me go shopping, will you ?7-Open the door, will you ?7-Open the door, will you ?8-She has dinner in a restaurant, doesn’t she ?8-She has dinner in a restaurant, doesn’t she ?9-Everybody liked the idea, didn’t they ?9-Everybody liked the idea, didn’t they ?10- Nothing is wrong, is it ?10- Nothing is wrong, is it ?

Choose the correct answer:1-She's done a lot of good work, (isn't – doesn't – haven't –

hasn't) she?2- If he comes early, he can catch the bus, (can – does –

can't – won't) he?3-They dug the well, (didn't – don't – hadn't – weren't)

they?4-She'd rather stay home, (hadn't – wouldn't – couldn't –

won't) she?10

5-She's going to finish her work early, (hasn't – wasn't – isn't – can't) she?

6-We have earned a lot of money lately, (haven't – don't – aren't – shouldn't) we?

7-Someone has watered the garden, (hasn't he – haven't we – don't they – haven't they)?

8-Everything is O.K., (doesn't – wasn't – isn't – hasn't) it?9-He hardly does any useful work, (does he – doesn't he –

don't we – haven't we)?10- Let's find somewhere else to stay, (will you – won't

you – shall we – shan't we)?

Reported Speech: Statements

الخطوات إتبع المباشر غير إلى المباشر الكالم لتحويلاآلتية:

1-Statementsالخبرية الجمل

فاتركه to تتبعه لم إذا . أماto تبعته إذاtold إلى said القول فعل -حول1تغيير. دون

.that بكلمة الجملة إبدأ و الترقيم عالمات -إحذف2المعنى. حسب الضمائر -غير3 المستمر المضارع و بسيط ماضي البسيط المضارع فاجعل األزمنة -غير4

فاجعله البسيط الماضي تام, أما ماضي التام المضارع و مستمر ماضيأيضا. تام ماضي

اآلتي: الجدول حسب اإلشارة أسماء و الظروف -غير5IndirectDirectIndirectDirect

thosethesethatthisthennowthereherethat nighttonightthat daytodaythe following weeknext weekthe next daytomorrowthe night beforelast nightthe day beforeyesterdaysothusbeforeago

He said to me, “I shall visit you tomorrow.”He told me that he would visit me the next day.

The boy said, “I went to the cinema yesterday.”The boy said that he had gone to the cinema the day before.

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.and added that أوand that بـ إربطهما خبريتان جملتان هناك كانت إذاThe man said,”I know that it is wrong. I shall try to do better tomorrow.”The man said that he knew that it was wrong and added that he would try to do better the next day.

Reported Speech: Questions

.asked إلى القول فعل -حول1 أداة هناك تكن لم إذا whether أو if بكلمة الجملة إبدأ و الترقيم عالمات -إحذف2

ربط. كأداة فإستعملها إستفهام أداة هناك كانت إذا إستفهام. أماالفاعل. بعد الفعل ضع أي اإلثبات صيغة إلى اإلستفهام صيغة -حول3الخبرية. الجمل في سبق كما اإلشارة أسماء و الظروف و األزمنة و الضمائر -غير4

I said to my friend, “Where are you going ?”I asked my friend where he was going.

The teacher said to the pupil, “Have you done your exercise ?”The teacher asked the pupil if he had done his exercise.

.and بكلمة يربطان سؤاالن هناك كان إذاThe judge said to the prisoner, “How old are you ? Are you married ?”The judge asked the prisoner how old he was and if he was married.

مالحظات: حول و احذفهاdoes أوdo على تحتوي أو بـ تبدأ اإلستفهامية الجملة كانت إذاأ)(

البسيط. الماضي الى الفعلHe said to me, “Do you play football ?”He asked me if I played football.

الفعل حول و احذفهاdid على تحتوي أو بـ تبدأ االستفهامية الجملة كانت (ب)إذاالتام. الماضي الى

I said to him, “Did you go to the circus last night ?”I asked him if he had gone to the circus the night before.

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Reported Speech: Commandsاألوامر

لها استعمل األمر الجملة. فلهجة لمعنى طبقا أمر فعل إلى القول فعل -حول1orderedإستعمل للتأدب و toldوللطلب askedلإلستعطاف و beggedللنصيحة و advised.

من بدالto بـ مسبوقا المصدر بإستعمال الجملة إبدأ و الترقيم عالمات -إحذف2األمر. صيغة

للمعنى. طبقا اإلشارة أسماء و الظروف و األزمنة و الضمائر -غير3مباشرة. المصدر قبلnot to ضع وdo إحذف منفيا األمر كان -إذا4

The master said to the servant, “Shut the door.”The master ordered the servant to shut the door.

The poor boy said to the gentleman, “Please, give me a piastre.”The poor boy begged the gentleman to give him a piastre.

Ali said to me, “Lend me your pen.”Ali asked me to lend him my pen.

The doctor said to the patient, “Do not eat too much.”The doctor advised the patient not to eat too much

.and بـ إربطهما األمر حالة في جملتان هناك كانت إذاThe father said to his son, “Study your lessons. Do not waste your time.”The father advised his son to study his lessons and not to waste his time.

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Unit 10

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:Choose the correct answer:1- In organic farming, we use ......... to enrich the soil. a) fertilizers b) chemicals c) pesticides d) seeds2- The river burst its banks and ......... the fields around them. a) flew b) rushed c) poured d) flooded3- Farmers should improve the ......... of the soil. a) quantity b) price c) size d) quality4- Scientists have developed a genetically ........ type of tomatoes that stays on the plant longer. a) modify b) modifying c) modified d) modification5- If you ......... something, you change it slightly in order to improve it. a) erect b) cancel c) return d) modify6- Adding organic matter ......... the quality of our soil. a) decreases b) destroys c) improves d) reduces7- Farmers use fertilizers to make the fields ......... a) fertilize b) fertility c) fertile d) fertilizing8- ......... farming methods produce greater yields than any other method. a) Organic b) Inorganic c) Organism d) Organisation9-A /An ......... is a chemical used to kill unwanted plants. a) insecticide b) herbicide c) gene d) pesticide

10-The crops are regularly ......... with pesticides. a) made b) given c) helped d) sprayed 11-Tomatoes ......... best in sunlight. a) make b) farm c) spray d) grow 12- They were deeply ......... by the news of her death.

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a) effective b) effectiveness c) affect d) affected

13- The referee was ......... when he declared a penalty for the red team.

a) fear b) fairy c) afraid d) fair14-In my opinion, organic food is ......... and healthy. a) natural b) industrial c) artificial d) abnormal 15-Scientists make their experiments in ......... a) libraries b) laboratories c) playgrounds d) offices16-......... are harmful to plants so farmers use insecticides to kill them. a) Herbs b) Pets c) Flies d) Insects17- One ......... of the computer is that it stores a lot of information. a) drawback b) defect c) advantage d) demerit 18- .........are the parts of the cells which control what a living thing will be like. a) Genetical b) Genetically c) Genes d) Genetic19-......... engineering aims at improving the quality of crops. a) Genetic b) Scientific c) Geological d) Genetically20- Thousands of people in some African countries die of......... They have little food to eat. a) feeding b) starvation c) eating d) nourishment21-Mother prepared all the ......... she needed to make the cake. a) parts b) ingredients c) divisions d) contents22-A ......... is an amount of something that is produced by cultivating the land. a) consumer b) producer c) gene d) yield

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23-The storm caused great......... a) carelessness b) progress c) damage d) improvement24- A ......... is a person who hunts wild animals for food or sport. a) scientist b) pilot c) mechanic d) hunter25-The lid of this bottle is too hard to ......... a) revise b) remove c) remember d) recover26- A lot of people in Africa ......... to death. They are in bad need of help. a) starve b) die c) live d) survive27- People who do not have enough food to eat may die of......... a) thirst b) freedom c) starvation d) heat28- If you want to grow vegetables, you have to put......... in the ground. a) branches b) leaves c) sides d) seeds29- Many people were very hungry after the storm. Some even began to ......... a) starved b) starve c) starving d) starvation30- As ......... as I'm concerned, the answer isn’t to continuously spray the land with chemicals. a) fast b) long c) soon d) far31- This library ......... a lot of useful books. a) consists b) forms c) contains d) makes32- I'm not......... about her. She can take care of herself. a) interested b) worried c) afraid d) fond33- After a long time of hard work, he became a ......... in business.

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a) barter b) porter c) partner d) portion34- Some people travel abroad to ......... money, others travel for sightseeing. a) help b) beat c) make d) do35- Farmers spray their crops ......... insecticides to protect them. a) by b) for c) with d) inFind the mistakes in the following sentences and write them correctly:

1-She didn't know the way to the station, was she?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2-A lot of money has to be collected, have it?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3-That's not the right answer, does it?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4-4- The man who's house collapsed during the earthquake The man who's house collapsed during the earthquake was so sad.was so sad.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5-5- The boy whose written the e-mail is my cousin.The boy whose written the e-mail is my cousin.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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6-6- The company who's employees went on strike closed The company who's employees went on strike closed down.down.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7-7- This is the man whose works for the computer This is the man whose works for the computer company.company.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8-8- This land is infertile. It can produce a large number of This land is infertile. It can produce a large number of good crops.good crops.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9-9- A leaf is the part of a plant from which a new plant of A leaf is the part of a plant from which a new plant of the same kind can grow.the same kind can grow.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10-10- Millions of people suffer from salutation because theyMillions of people suffer from salutation because they don't have enough to eat.don't have enough to eat.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

11-11- I hope you good health.I hope you good health.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

12-12- She did the job well and neither did Hala.She did the job well and neither did Hala.18

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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UNIT 11Key Vocab:ashore الشاطئ إلي primitive بدائيremote نائي / بعيد serious خطير / جادwhaling الحيتان صيد armed مسلحcontinent قارة purpose غرضdetermined

عازم / مصمم harpoon لصيد الرماح من نوعالحيتان

ram (v.) بـ بشدة يصطدم whenever وقت أي فيahead أمام abroad الخارجabove فوق aboard أو سفينة متن علي

طائرةremote control

عن تحكم جهازبعد

remoteness(n) بُعد

seriousness

خطورة / جدية drown يغرق

sin / sank / sunk

يغرق / / يغوصينخفض

attack هجوم / يهاجم

destroy يدمر catch / caught / caught

يمسك / يصيد

hunt بغرض يطاردالصيد

give / gave / given

يعطي

offer يعرض / يقدم crew أو الطائرة طاقمالسفينة

Vocabulary:date تاريخ scene مكان / مشهد

شيء حدوثrow يجدف motorised

boatيعمل قارب

بمحركstage مرحلة developme

ntتنمية / / نمو تطور

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humans البشر humanity البشريةwhale حوت distance مسافةboredom الملل adventure مغامرةadventurous (adj.)

مغامر adventurer (n.)

مغامر

navy ship للبحرية تابعة سفينة whaling ship

لصيد سفينةالحيتان

in his mid twenties

العشرينات منتصف فيالعمر من

island جزيرة

islanders الجزر سكان the pacific ocean

الهادي المحيط

strange غريب collection مجموعةpoems قصائد a serious

problemخطيرة مشكلة

sailor بحار sandcastle الرمال من قلعةbe disappointed

األمل بخيبة يشعر spear رمح

storyteller القصة راوي gold coin ذهبية عملةfloat يطفو rescue =

saveينقذ

message رسالة ambition (n.)

الطموح

ambitious (adj.)

طموح hurt يؤذي

sound (v./n.)

صوت –يبدو critic ناقد

criticize ينقد review أو لكتاب نقدي عرضمثال فيلم

reviewer أدبي ناقد details تفاصيلcharacter شخصية Incredible

(adj.)يُصدق ال

definitely بالتأكيد cave كهفpainting لوحة foreign

countryأجنبي ةدولة

unfortunat الحظ لسوء force يُجبر / قوة

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elyrecommendation

توصية actions أفعال

consequences

نتائج balance توازن

alternative routes

بديلة طرق get revenge

ينتقم / يثأر

stubborn عنيد intelligent ذكيblubber الحوت شحم candles شموعextinct منقرض extinction االنقراضmarine life البحرية الحياة ecology البيئة علمecologically friendly

للبيئة صديق environmentally friendly

للبيئة صديق

multimedia room

مناهل غرفةالمعرفة

vacuum cleaner

كهربائية مكنسة

Words and their antonyms:

serious جاد funny مضحكremote بعيد near / close قريبprimitive بدائي civilized متحضرarmed مسلح unarmed غير / أعزل

مسلحashamed بالخجل يشعر unashamed شاعر غير

بالخجلexciting مثير boring مملstrong قوي weak ضعيفordinary عادي unusual معتاد غيرstrange غريب familiar مألوفdestroy يدمر build يبنيadventurous مغامر unadventur

ousمغامر غير

ahead أمام behind خلفsink يغرق float يطفوenemy عدو friend صديقdefinitely بالتأكيد possibly المحتمل من

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detailed مفصل brief مختصرreal حقيقي unreal حقيقي غيرcredible يُصدق incredible يُصدق الnegative سلبي positive ايجابي

Prepositions:a sailor on a ship

سفينة علي بحار live on an island

على يعيشجزيرة

he was born into a rich family

غنية أسرة في ولد work on a farm

في يعملمزرعة

work in ordinary jobs

وظائف في يعملعادية

at the beginning

البداية في

at first أوال at last أخيراbe bored with

من بالملل يشعر look for = search for

عن يبحث

come out ) للكتب) يصدر at the time of his death

وقت فيوفاته

life at sea البحر في الحياة at the age of سن فيfall to his death

ميتا يسقط send off ) العب ) يطرد

send off بالبريد يرسل hold onto بـ يتشبثpull out يسحب pull up يتوقفon his last voyage

األخيرة رحلته فيبالسفينة

on the third day

اليوم فيالثالث

armed with بـ مسلح at the weekend

نهاية فياألسبوع

crash into بـ يصطدم collide with بـ يصطدمessential to أساسي / ضروري

لـplay a vital role in

دورا يلعبفي حيويا

work on a novel

تأليف في يعملرواية

ready for+n. لـ مستعد

ready to+inf. لـ مستعد lend someone a hand

شخص يساعد

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by accident بالصدفة

Listening and ReadingTape Script

Voice: When his novel, Moby Dick, came out in 1851, Herman Melville had been writing for five years. He had already written two books called Typee and Omoo, and was popular in Britain and America. Today, Moby Dick is his most famous novel but at first people didn’t like it. But let's start at the beginning and look at what Herman Melville had done before he wrote his greatest work. Melville was born into a good New York family in 1819. His father, who imported goods from France, died when Herman was twelve. After he had left school, the young boy worked in very ordinary jobs in offices and on farms. By the age of twenty, Herman was bored with the jobs he had been doing and decided to look for adventure, so, in 1839, he went to sea -first on a whaling ship, and later on a navy ship. During one of his voyages he went ashore on the Maquesas Islands and lived for a few months with the primitive Typee people. In his mid-twenties, Melville returned to live with his mother and write about his adventures. Tom, the hero of his novel Typee, spends four exciting months with a group of island people. His second novel, Omoo, was about Melville's life on islands in the Pacific Ocean. People loved reading about the unusual life Melville had been living in these strange, remote places, and so both these novels were very successful. In 1847, Melville married Elizabeth Shaw and they bought a farm. Here, Melville worked for eight hours a day on his third novel, Moby Dick, which came out in 1851. This was a serious book and many of his readers were disappointed because it was not the exciting adventure story his first two novels had been. Melville continued to write short stories and a collection of poems, but wrote nothing important except a story called Billy Budd. Melville had not finished this final novel about life at sea at the time of his death in 1891.

The story of Moby Dick Ishmael, the novel's storyteller, went to sea on a whaling ship called the Perquod. The ship's captain, Ahab, had lost a leg when his ship was attacked by a great white whale called Moby Dick on his last voyage. Ahab told his men that the purpose of their voyage was to hunt and kill Moby Dick and he offered a gold coin to the first sailor who saw him. The Perquod sailed round the continent of Africa into the Indian Ocean. Whenever they met other ships which had been whaling in the

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area, Ahab asked their captains if they had seen Moby Dick. A sailor from one of these ships predicted that anyone who tried to kill Moby Dick would die. After this, there were many accidents on the Perquod, but nothing stopped Ahab. He was determined to kill the whale which he thought of as his enemy. Suddenly, a storm hit the Perquod and one of the sailors fell to his death from the ship. Soon after this, they saw Moby Dick and Ahab sent out men armed with harpoons in a small boat, but the whale destroyed the boat. The next day, more boats were sent out and, although a harpoon hit the whale, Moby Dick was strong enough to attack the Perquod. On the third day, boats were sent out again and this time the whale rammed and sank the ship. Captain Ahab was pulled out on a harpoon rope and died attached to the whale. The boat sank and all the crew drowned except Ishmael, who held onto some floating wood. He was rescued by another whaling ship and lived to tell the story.

Questions and answers1-What was Moby Dick ?* Moby Dick was a whale.

2-What did Ahab lose ? How ?He lost a leg when his ship was attacked by a great white whale called Moby Dick.

3-What did Ahab want to do ?He wanted to take revenge on Moby Dick.

4-What did he offer to the first sailor who saw Moby Dick ?He offered a gold coin to the first sailor who saw Moby Dick.

5-How did the Perquod reach the Indian Ocean ?It sailed round the continent of Africa.

6-What did Ahab think of Moby Dick ?He thought Moby Dick was his enemy.

7-What were the men who chased Moby Dick armed with ?They were armed with harpoons.

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8-What happened to Moby Dick ?Moby Dick was hit by a harpoon.

9-What happened to the Perquod ?Moby Dick rammed and sank the ship.

10-What happed to Captain Ahab ?He was pulled out on a harpoon rope and died attached to the

whale.

11-What happened to the crew ?They all drowned except Ishmael ?

12-How was Ishmael saved ?He held onto some floating wood and then was rescued by another

whaling ship.

Language Notes:Remote (adj.) (remoter / remotest) : نائي/ بعيد Some primitive people still live in the remotest parts of Africa.

Shore / ashore / coast / beach / bankcoast للخريطة( بالنسبة موقع إلى اإلشارة عند تستخدم) ساحل The ship sank three miles off the French coast.

beach اإلجازة( بقضاء الناس فيه يستمتع الشاطئ من جزء) البالج We spent a very nice time on the beach.

Shore الشاطئ The shores of the Mediterranean have a population of more

than 120 million people. ashore : الشاطئ إلي When the boat reached the port, we went ashore.

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bank البحيرة أو النهر ضفــة Most Egyptians live on the Nile banks.Sink / drownSink القوارب( و للسفن عادة) يُغرق/ يغرق The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean. The big blue whale sank the fishing boat.Drown : (لألشخاص عادة) يغرق Two boys drowned while they were swimming.

Recommend: بـ ينصح/ علي يثني/ بـ يوصي He recommended me a good book to read. I can recommend this film to you. It’s very exciting.Advise: tell someone what they should do He advised me to study hard. She advised me not to waste my time.Think of …as … باعتباره شخص أو شيء في يفكر .. The captain thought of the whale as his enemy.Be determined to علي عازم أو مصمم يكون .. He was determined to kill his enemy.Hunt : أسره أو قتله محاوال وحشي أو بري حيوان يطارد They hunted the deer for 5 hours before they could finally catch it.Whenever = every time or any time عندما/ حينما Whenever she comes, she brings us some presents. I can meet you whenever you like.Whoever = the person who or any person أيا/ اى كان شخص Whoever pollutes the environment should be punished.Wherever = to any place or every place حيثما/ أينما Wherever he goes, he makes friends.Whatever = anything or everything شيء اى You can eat whatever you like.Matter (v.) يهم Does it matter if I come late? It doesn't matter to me what you do.Matter (n.) مسألة/ مشكلة/ أمر

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What's the matter with you? = What's wrong with you? What's the problem with you?It's a matter of life and death. موت أو حياة مسألةAs a matter of fact , … الحقيقة في/ الواقع فيIt's a matter of time. وقت مسألة إنها

.

The Past Perfect Tense

Form: had + Past Participle للفعل الثالث التصريف

األقدم. الماضي الحدث عن : للتعبيراالستخدام-Ex. By 1980, I had learnt to speak English.

I found the watch which I had lost.

I reached the station after the train had left.

The train had left before I reached the station.

The Past Perfect ContinuousTenseForm: had been + -ing

و طويلة كانت أحداث عن : للتعبيراالستخدام-.الماضي في أخرى أحداث حدوث قبل مستمرة

Ex. I had been working in the factory for 20 years when he joined it.

األزمنة في تستخدم ال أفعال هناك أن الحظ- المستمر التام الماضي ومنها عموما المستمرة

-We were good friends. We had known each other for 10 years.

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Unit 11

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:Choose the correct answer:1- Whales are still being ......... and killed in the Arctic. a) hit b) counted c) hunted d) let2- The building was completely ......... by fire. a) re-built b) built c) designed d) destroyed3-My uncle has a big ...... where he produces many kinds of crops. a) frame b) form c) forum d) farm4- His third novel ‘Moby Dick’ ......... out in 1851. a) returned b) put c) came d) arrived5- She was ......... when she saw her bad exam results. a) disappointed b) appointed c) disappointing d) delightful6- None of the passengers and ......... were injured. a) group b) crew c) staff d) crowd7- Our campaign's main ......... is to raise money. a) reason b) result c) purpose d) cause8-He was ......... with a rifle. a) made b) armed c) given d) done9- He ......... a child from drowning. a) rescued b) drove c) took d) helped

10- She tried to ......... herself. a) make b) drive c) drown d) let

11- I'm ......... to succeed.

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a) interested b) afraid c) tired d) determined

12- The team wanted to get......... for their defeat earlier in the season.

a) hunting b) whaling c) excitement d) revenge

13- The police play a ......... role in our society. a) bad b) careless c) vital d) careful

14 -The house is not on a bus ......... a) street b) root c) place d) route

15- He studied hard. .........the exam was too difficult for him to answer.

a) Luckily b) Unfortunately c) Fortunate d) Fortunately

16- There are six ......... in the world. Asia is the largest of them all.

a) countries b) continents c) towns d) cities17- He is ......... to win the match so he trains very hard. a) determined b) insisted c) blamed d) lazy18-The murderers are well organized, disciplined and very well...... a) army b) armies c) armed d) armful19-The ship has a ......... of 25 people. The captain and his assistants. a) crow b) crew c) credit d) croak20- Whale hunters use ......... to hunt whales and large sea fish. a) harpoons b) carbon c) harbours d) rows21- You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two.........

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a) answers b) alternatives c) questions d) competitions22- This decision could have serious ......... for the industry. a) consequences b) causes c) memories d) accidents23- His car crashed ......... a wall. a) on b) out c) into d) from24- The children quickly got bored ......... staying indoors. a) on b) with c) out d) from25- The player was over the moon when he scored a/an ......... a) aim b)net c) purpose d) goal26- She is very ........... She has a lot of hopes to achieve. a) ambitious b) shy c) pessimistic d) selfish 27- In the storm, the boat sank and two people ......... a) drowned b) broke c) injured d) harmed28- The elephant......... the hunters and completely destroyed their car. a) attacked b) met c) saw d) talked29- Ahab ........ a gold coin to the first sailor to see Moby Dick. a) took b) introduced c) got d) offered30- A ……………… is a sharp metal used for hunting whales. a) honeymoon b) balloon c) harpoon d) cartoon31- A ………………. is what you want to achieve when you do 31- A ………………. is what you want to achieve when you do something.something. a) purpose b) propose c) dispose d) a) purpose b) propose c) dispose d) composecompose32- This book is ………………… . It's not funny.32- This book is ………………… . It's not funny. a) furious b) serious c) cautious a) furious b) serious c) cautious d) curious d) curious

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33- The word ………………. means very simple or old-fashioned.33- The word ………………. means very simple or old-fashioned. a) effective b) deceptive c) primitive a) effective b) deceptive c) primitive d) curiousd) curious

34- This place is ………………. . This means that it is far away 34- This place is ………………. . This means that it is far away from other places.from other places. a) neighbouring b) remote c) overlooking a) neighbouring b) remote c) overlooking d) closed) close35- In the storm, the ship ………………….. and two people 35- In the storm, the ship ………………….. and two people drowned.drowned. a) sank b) sat c) shrank d) helda) sank b) sat c) shrank d) held

Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it:1-1- Asia is the largest city in the world.Asia is the largest city in the world.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2-2- He couldn't finish the book because it was too serial.He couldn't finish the book because it was too serial.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3-3- Relative people inhabited this island 2000 years ago.Relative people inhabited this island 2000 years ago.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4-4- He went board on business.He went board on business.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5-5- All the passengers and chew survived the crash.All the passengers and chew survived the crash.

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6-6- I'll visit you wherever I have time.I'll visit you wherever I have time.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

7-7- He commented me a good book to read.He commented me a good book to read.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

8-8- The lifeguard rescued the sinking boy.The lifeguard rescued the sinking boy.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9-9- He lives in a close village. It's far from the nearest town.He lives in a close village. It's far from the nearest town.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10-10- Nobody leaves until the meeting had ended.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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UNIT 12

populationالسكان cellsخاليا rapidسريع assureيؤكد healthالصحة tissueنسيج trend اتجاه / يعبد reassure موقف

توكيدهenvironmentالبيئة developmentتطوير graduallyًتدريجيا spreadينشر guestضيف mendيصلح floodفيضان functionوظيفة careرعاية prayيصلي productionإنتاج fuelوقود rareنادر proudفخور planetكوكب recycling إعادة

تدويرdiseaseمرض bossرئيس importيستورد establishيؤسس commonشائع preventيمنع exportيصدر Mercury عطارد cure عالج - الزهرة Venus عدائيhostile المpain يعالجtreat يعامل –يعالج swelling –انتفاخ

تضخمcome trueيتحقق Mars المريخ

damage يتلف –تلف jointsمفاصل defenceدفاع Earthاألرض techniqueاسلوب removeيزيل defendيدافع Jupiterالمشتري currentlyًحاليا plenty of من according to كثيرا لـ متضايقupset طبقاًdiabetesالسكري equipmentمعدات prefixبادئة supposeيفترض arthritis التهاب المفاصل

meltيذوب suffix ةالالحق bright مشرق

progressتقدم North Pole القطب الشمالي

drinkable صالح للشرب

fluأنفلونزا

treatmentعالج expertsخبراء believable قابل للتصديق

matter –شان قضية

excellentممتاز predictيتنبأ unreadable غير مقروء

nervousعصبي

distantبعيد billionبليون employmentتوظيف climateمناخ manageيدير recognise يتعرف

عليunemploymentبطالة vaccination

تطعيمtraditionallyًتقليديا recognizableمميز employer صاحب

العملsmallpoxالجدري

operate on يجري عملية

unrecognizable اليميز

employeeموظف determineيصمم

point موضع - يتناوب take turns تمييزrecognition نقطة األدوار

pigeonsحمام

faceيواجه optionاختيار drop out of يتسرب من

flexibleمرن

cope withيساير rapidlyبسرعة unlikely محتمل مرونةflexibility غير

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Expressions and prepositions

look into يفحص make sure يتأكدdo research ببحث يقوم climate change مناخ تغيرcommon diseases شائعة أمراض north pole الشمالي القطبstart by بـ يبدأ south pole الجنوبي القطبwork on يعمل –يحسن

عليbright side مشرق جانب

make progress تقدم يحرز drop out of من يتسربtreatment for لـ عالج make predictions يتنبأdistant future بعيد مستقبل come true يتحققincurable diseases امراض

مستعصيةit worries me يقلقني

operate on علي عملية يجري swine flu الخنازير انفلونزاcope with يساير bird flu الطيور انفلونزاregular exercises منتظمة تمارين look upset منزعج يبدوplenty of من كثير environmental issue بيئي موضوع

Definitions

arthritis A disease that causes pain and swelling in the joints of your body .cell The smallest unit of a living thing .cure To make someone betterdiabetes A disease in which there is too much sugar in your blood.mend Repair something that’s broken or damaged.operate Cut open someone’s body to remove or repair a part that’s

damaged progress To move forward , develop or improve.tissue What plant and animal cells are made ofdecrease To become lesshostile very unpleasant , unfriendly or aggressivePole The most southerly or northerly part of the world.rapid Very fasttrend The way a situation is developing planet Very large round object in space which goes round the sun .unrecognisable Changed so much in a way completely differentFlood defences Protection against floods for towns and buildings.

Listening and ReadingTape script

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Presenter : Good afternoon and welcome to The World Tomorrow, the programme which looks into the future and predicts what life will be like in 20, 30 or 40 years' time. Today’s guest is a university professor of medicine who is currently doing research into new ways of treating common diseases. Welcome to the programme Professor Osman. Could you start by telling us what kinds of diseases you are working on at the moment?Prof Osman : Thank you, of course. At the moment, my research team and I are looking at three of the world’s commonest diseases: diabetes, heart disease and arthritis. I’m pleased to say that we’re making progress in all three areas. We think that fewer people will be living with these diseases in the future.Presenter : That’s excellent news. So, are you working on new treatments for these diseases?Prof Osman : Yes, we are, but the most exciting news is that sometime in the not-too-distant future, we’ll be treating these diseases to cure them and not only to manage them.Presenter : How is curing a disease different from managing it?Prof Osman : Well, let’s take the example of diabetes. At the moment, we cannot cure diabetes. If someone has the disease, they’ll always have it. We can only help people to manage it so that it doesn’t become worse. In 2030, people may be taking medicines which cure diabetes completely, so that the person no longer has the disease.Presenter : That really is very exciting. Could you explain how this is possible?Prof Osman : Well, traditionally, doctors have always treated diseases by giving their patients medicines of some kind, or by operating on them. In the future, we’ll be using new cells from patients to repair parts of their body which are damaged. So, if a patient’s heart is damaged, we’ll be able to mend it with new cells from the patient’s own body. We’ll also be making new tissue from the cells in a laboratory.Presenter : This is fantastic. When are we likely to see these developments?Prof Osman : I think that I’ll be working on the project for the next 15 to 20 years.Presenter : Thank you for being our guest this afternoon, Professor Osman, and for bringing us such good news.Prof Osman : It’s my pleasure.

OUR FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

Many experts are predicting that the population of the world will increase to around ten billion by the year 2100. At the same time as the population

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increases, they believe that rapid climate change will affect our environment. Climate scientists are now looking at the effect of this trend on our growing population. Some believe that in the year 2100, the planet we will be living on will be almost unrecognisable.Most people agree that, over the next 50–100 years, the earth will be getting gradually warmer because of climate change. This means that the ice on mountains, at the North Pole and at the South Pole will be melting very quickly. This will probably cause serious floods and may mean that many people will have to leave their homes. The prediction is that in 2100, many millions of people will be living in different areas or even in different countries because of floods. Also, climate change will turn other areas into desert and this will affect food production. This means that in the future, more people will be importing their food from areas less affected by climate change.It is also possible that the world’s population may not increase to ten billion. If the effects of climate change mean that our environment becomes hostile, the populations of some countries may even be decreasing in around 40 years’ time.Of course, we cannot be sure that any of these predictions will come true. However, we can be certain that scientists and engineers will be working hard to reduce the effects of climate change, for example by building flood defences to protect growing cities.

Questions & Answers1- How do you think that the population of the world will change in the future ? It will probably increase ( to around 10 billion by 2100) , although it may decrease in some countries.

2- What effects do you think that climate change will have in the future ? The earth will get warmer, causing ice to melt and producing floods, and other areas will become desert.

3- Will climate change during the next 100 years be fast or slow ? It will be fast.

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4- According to the writer, in which three places will ice be melting in the future? The ice will be melting on mountains, at the North Pole and at the South Pole.

5- What will happen to people if the areas where they live are flooded ? They will have to leave their homes.

6- Where will people get their food from? People will have to import their food from other places.

7- Why is it possible that the population in some countries will decrease ? It will be hard to live if the climate is very hostile. People may move to other countries .

8- What other things can scientists and engineers do to reduce the effects of climate change? They can develop new types of fuel, plant more trees and find more ways of recycling. They can develop new crops which can grow in desert areas.

9-Are flood defences needed in Egypt ? If so, where or who would they protect ? We may need to protect low areas next to the sea. Perhaps we will need to protect cities and villages that are near the Nile from floods.

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Language notes ( Currently ًحاليا ) مستم مضارع معها : ر يأتيCurrently I am writing an e-mail . He is currently doing research into new ways of treating common diseases.

Start by + v +ing : Could you start by telling us what kinds of diseases are you working on?

Start with + noun اسم : I would like to start my meal with some soup .

Common المقارن في شكالن – commoner ) ( more common – most common ) ة لهاcommonest )The world’s commonest diseases : diabetes , heart disease and arthritis .

Treatment for = cure for لـ : عالجWe are working on new treatments for these diseases.

Cure of من : يعالجThis medicine will cure you of your cough .

( جمع العائد والضمير مفرد ( تأخذ someone فعلIf someone has diabetes , they will always have it .

no longer يعد لمThe patient no longer has the disease .= he doesn’t have it any longer.

tissue نسيج cells خاليا Make new tissue from the cells.

Operate on علي عملية يجريSurgeons operate on patients.

increase by بمقدار يزيدHis level at university has increased by %10 .

increase in في زيادةThere is an increase in road accidents.

increase to الي يزيدThe population of the world will increase to ten billions.

Population المفرد في فعل تأخذAs the population increases, the rapid climate change will affect our environment .

Because of + noun : 39

The earth will be getting warmer because of climate change .

reason for لـ لـ cause of سبب يسبب cause سببGlobal warming will cause serious floods . What is the cause of global warming ?

Turn into الي يحول Climate change will turn other areas into desert .

Come true يتحقق Do you think these predictions will come true ?

Prefixes and suffixesلها الحقة أو بادئة حروف إضافة عند يتغير الكلمة : معني

Recognise = know someone because you have seen them before .Recognizable= able to be recognized Unrecognizable = unable to be recognized

The word The Prefix البادئة The suffixالالحقةrecognise يتعرف

عليunrecognisable يمكن ال

تمييزهrecognizable يمكن

تمييزهdrink يشرب undrinkable يمكن ال

شربهdrinkable قابل

للشربbelieve يصدق unbelievable يصدق ال believable يمكن

تصديقهread يقرأ unreadable يقرأ ال readable يمكن

قراءتهemploy يوظف unemployment البطالة employment توظيفemploy يوظف unemployed عاطل employee موظفbreak يكسر unbreakable يكسر ال breakable قابل

للكسرcure يعالج incurable مستعصي curable يمكن

عالجهunderstand يفهم misunderstand يسيء

فهمmisunderstanding فهم سوء

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Grammar

Future Continuous المستمر المستقبلWill be + verb + ing من المستمر المستقبل : يتكون

I will be sleeping at 11.30, so don’t call me on.

عن : . ليعبر المستمر المستقبل يستخدم االستخدامالمستقبل في فعل استمرار

Use the future continuous to talk about an action that will be in progress at a time )or for a certain period ( in the future.

Examples أمثلة In an hour’s time, Warda will be travelling home on the train . This time next week, Hamid will be playing in a school football match. At 9.30 next Tuesday, my father will be flying to London. His plane leaves at 9.15. I will be playing tennis from 7 to 9 p.m. We think that fewer people will be living with these diseases in the future. May be + verb + ing نستخدم

مؤكدة الغير المستقبلية األحداث عن للتعبير

Many more people may be moving to Cairo in the next 50 years. In 2030 , people may be taking medicines which cure them completely . This time next year, I may be visiting London.

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Unit 12

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:Choose the correct answer:1- It is now possible to put new ………….. into the patient’s body to treat some illnesses. a) cells b) soils c) organs d) cellular 2- Doctors are making ………….. towards successfully treating many common diseases. a) programs b) propaganda c) jobs d) progress3- My grandfather finds walking painful because he has ………….. in his knees . a) colic b) diarrhea c) arthritis d) arteries4- Doctors sometimes use ………….. made in a laboratory to repair damaged body parts. a) skin b) tissue c) test tubes d) funnels5- Patients who suffer from ………… have to take insulin to control the sugar in their blood. a) headache b) stomachache c) cancer d) diabetes 6- We need to ……………. the hospital equipment that was damaged in the earthquake . a) mind b) fax c) mend d) amend7- Take one of these pills and they will ………….. your headache immediately. a) treatment b) cure c) curative d) care8- After the road accident, doctors had to …………………. on the driver’s leg. a) co-operate b) lubricate c) collaborate d) operate

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9- Some regions in the world are facing serious………………..due to heavy rain. a) foods b) droughts c) floods d) storms10- How do you think that health ……………. will change in the future ? a) care b) cure c) cart d) treat11- A team of scientists are studying some of the world’s ……………… diseases. a) cinnamon b) rarely c) commonest d) communist 12- What is the difference between curing a disease and …………….. it ? a) manage b) managing c merge d) management13- He is currently …………. research into new ways of treating common diseases. a) making b) do c) doing d) taking14- What kinds of diseases are you working …………….. at the moment ? a) at b) in c with d) on 15- My ……………. team and I are looking at three of the world’s commonest diseases. a) research b ) searching c) search d) researching 16- We can’t cure ……………… people but we can help them manage diabetes. a) diabetes b) diabetic c) dialectic d) domestic17- We will also be……………….. new tissue from the cells in a laboratory. a) doing b) taking c) managing d) making18- There are eight …………. which go round our sun.

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a) plants b) stars c) planets d) pants19- Jungles and deserts can be …………… environments for people to live in. a) hostility b) hosts c) fantastically d) hostile20- Global warming is a modern ………… that many people are worried about. a) trade b) trend c) road d) tend21- After the earthquake, our area became …………….. I can’t find my house. a) known b) recognisable c) unrecognisable d) recognise22- Our plants will die because there is a ………………. in the amount of rain. a) decrease b) increase c) raise d) rise 23- Small animals often make …………… movements to escape from their enemies. a) racket b) rocket c) rapid d) rapidly24- Small children should be careful with glass because it is …………………. a) break b) unbreakable c) breaking d) breakable25- I can’t read the magazine because the print is so small. It is ………………. a) breakable b) readable c) unreadable d) drinkable26- The water in this river is ……………. . It becomes very dirty. a) undrinkable b) drunk c) drinking d) drinkable27- Many experts are predicting that the population of the world will ……… to ten billions.

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a) decrease b) reduce c) increase d) discount28- They believe that rapid climate change will …………… our environment. a) affect b) effect c) effective d) affection29- The earth will be getting ………….. warmer because of climate change. a) gradual b) regular c) graduation d) gradually 30- The ……... on mountains at the North Pole and at the South Pole will be melting. a) ice cream b) ice c) snowy d) icy31- If ice melts, it will probably cause serious …………….. a) blood b) mud c) floods d) funds32- Climate change can also affect food …………… if other areas become desert. a) grow b) producer c) taste d) production33- Of course, we can’t be sure that any of these predictions will …………… true . a) make b) come c) do d) have34- People should build flood …………… to protect growing cities . a) defences b) attackers c) fences d) curtains35- This medicine is effective. It will ……………. your cough . a) curative b) cure c) treatment d) curable36- My friend lives in a flat whose roof needs to be …………………. a) mind b) amend c) mended d) fix 37- Egypt has made remarkable …………………. in the field of tourism. a) research b) jobs c) progress d) work

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38- A ……………... environment is a place which is difficult to live in. a) friendly b) hostile c) suitable d) splendid 39- The government will be ……………… to reduce the effects of climate change. a) tried b) trying c) trial d) try 40- Many more people ………. be moving to Cairo in the next 50 years. It’s probable. a) should b) must c) would d) may

Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it:1-1- The process of developing or becoming better is known The process of developing or becoming better is known

as making progressive.as making progressive.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

2-2- Groups of cells that make up animals and plants are Groups of cells that make up animals and plants are called issue.called issue.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

3-3- To mind is to fix or to repair something that’s broken or To mind is to fix or to repair something that’s broken or damaged.damaged.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

4-4- A disease which causes pain in the muscles and joints is A disease which causes pain in the muscles and joints is known arithmetic.known arithmetic.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

5-5- The smallest part of an animal or plant is the atom.The smallest part of an animal or plant is the atom.46

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

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6-6- To care is to make an illness better.To care is to make an illness better.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………..

7- You shouldn’t be hostages to those who are younger 7- You shouldn’t be hostages to those who are younger than you.than you.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………..

8- If we don’t put an end to the raped growth of population, 8- If we don’t put an end to the raped growth of population, we will suffer a lot .we will suffer a lot .

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………..

9- We all hope that the prices will increase in the future. 9- We all hope that the prices will increase in the future. They are going up every day.They are going up every day.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………... . 10- After his accident, his face became unreadable.10- After his accident, his face became unreadable.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………..

11-11- Dirty water is drinkable. If you drink it, you will damage Dirty water is drinkable. If you drink it, you will damage your health. your health.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………..

..

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UNIT 13Key Vocab:

unusual عادي يطفيءput out قواعدrules نشاطactivity غيرadultsالكبار disappearيختفي sore متقرح –مؤلم caseحالة increase –يزيد زيادة

repetitiveتكراري straightمستقيم recommendيوصي

related to بـ strain مرتبط توتر –إجهاد let downيخذل detectيكتشف mainlyأساسا injuryإصابة majorityأغلبية blanketبطانية back ظهر –خلف unnatural طبيع غير

يminorityأقلية teensمراهقون

painالم periodsفترات firesحرائق middle-aged العمر متوسط

moist ندي –رطب preventيمنع involveيتضمن come outيظهر angleزاوية regularمنتظم simpleبسيط come round يسترد

وعيهblink ويغمض at least يفتح األقل يفكر come up with يبينpoint out علي

فيbrightnessسطوع stretchيمتد unplugيفصل persuadeيقنع flat -ممهد يحمل overload شاشةscreen مستوي

بإفراطarchaeology علم اآلثار

heightارتفاع avoidيتجنب socket –مقبس القبس

exhibition معرض

temporaryمؤقت furtherإضافي alarmإنذار in case of حالة فيpermanentدائم focus on علي طفاية extinguisher يركز

حريقpreventيمنع

pourيصب lidغطاء wireسلك lovelyجميل position -موقع وضع

ovenفرن electricalكهربائي sensible –حكيم مناسب

sadnessحزن basicأساسي equipmentأجهزة surelyبالتأكيد tiredness –تعب إرهاق

explainيشرح documentary وثائقي noticeالفتة

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Definitions

angle The position from which something is viewedblink Shut and open your eyes quicklybrightness The quality of light given or reflected by an object.Flat ( adj ) Describe something that’s level , smooth and even.height The measurement from the bottom to the top of an object .moist Describe something that’s slightly wet , damp and humid.permanent Describe something that’s intended to last or continue forever.position The location of an objectelectrical Using or to do with electricityfire extinguisher A piece of equipment used for stopping / putting out small fires. majority The most of the people in the groupoverload Put too much electricity through something.point out Tell someone somethingsimple Describe something that’s easy to do or easy to understandunplug To disconnect a piece of electrical equipment by taking its plug out of a

socketsocket A place in a wall where you can connect equipment to the supply of

electricityExpressions and prepositions

thank someone for شخص يشكرعلي

reason for تفسير ( ) لـ سبب

focus on علي يركز personal injury شخصية إصابةin the right way بالطريقة

الصحيحةelectrical equipment كهربائية أجهزة

it is unusual for لـ عادي غير come round وعيه يستردincrease in في زيادة come up with في يفكرrelate to بـ يرتبط come out يظهرunnatural position عادي غير وضع turn off يطفيء - يغلقregular breaks راحة فترات

منتظمةpoint out يبين

stretching exercises مد تمارين unplug the equipments األجهزة يفصلmake sure يتأكد is not in use مستخدمة ليستregular user مستخدم

منتظمfire extinguisher حريق طفاية

screen brightness الشاشة سطوع make it worse ً سوءا األمور يزيدcause of نتيجة ( ) لـ سبب smoke alarm حريق إنذار

دخان( )

Listening and Reading

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Tape script

Good morning. I want to thank your head teacher for inviting me to speak to you today about using computers without damaging your health. So, I’m here to answer all the questions that you have sent me over the last week.We all need computers, don’t we? When your head asked me to come here, I wanted to know where the school was. So, I looked on my computer to find it. We all use computers as part of our everyday life, at home, at school and at work. Computers are great, but it‘s important to use them in the right way, and that is what I want to talk about today.Many of you asked me how long people spent on a computer each day. Well, it is not unusual for adults and children to be on their computers for six or seven hours every day, and this increase in computer use has brought with it problems related to different parts of our bodies: mainly our eyes, backs, and arms.One of you said that you had pain in your arms after using a computer. You asked me how long the pain would last. Most of the pain we feel after using our computers are temporary and disappear after a rest or a change of activity.The most common computer-related problems are headaches and pain in our arms, back and neck. The most serious of these is repetitive strain injury, or RSI, which can lead to permanent damage. Another student wanted to know why he was getting RSI. Problems like this are usually caused by sitting in an unnatural position for long periods of time or having your chair in the wrong position. Perhaps the most important way of preventing these problems is to take regular breaks from your computer: at least five minutes every hour. During these breaks, you should move around or do stretching exercises. You should also make sure your desk or table is the right height and the computer screen at the correct angle. You will also find it helpful to have your feet flat on the floor.Some of you asked me what you could do to prevent damage to your eyes. If you are a regular computer user, you should have your eyes tested once every two years. To avoid eye problems while you are working, blink regularly and focus on things which are further away than the computer screen. Other actions that you can take include keeping the air in the room moist, for example by using plants or a glass of water. This will stop your eyes from becoming dry. Also change the brightness of your screen from time to time and, of course, keep your screen clean.These are some of the basic rules for avoiding health problems related to computer use. Follow these and you should not experience serious problems.

Readin Safety at home

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gOne of the most common causes of personal injury is an accident at home, and the two groups most in danger from these injuries are children under five and adults over seventy.Recently, a group of people were asked where most accidents took place at home. The majority correctly said the kitchen, because this is where most house fires begin. The bathroom is also a danger area, because this is where many older people fall and where some accidents involving electrical equipment happen.When we asked a safety expert what we could do to prevent accidents at home, he came up with some simple but useful ideas. He pointed out, for example, that we should not leave food cooking in the kitchen. He also recommended a number of other simple things we could do, including turning off and unplugging electrical equipment when it was not in use, and not overloading electrical sockets. He also said that all homes should have smoke alarms.Finally, we asked him what we should do if a fire started at home. He suggested that all homes should have at least one fire extinguisher and that families should work out a fire escape plan in case the worst happened. He also reminded us that throwing water on a fire, for example on a fire caused by electrical equipment, does not always put it out and can make the situation worse. In these cases, a fire blanket is recommended.If everyone follows this simple advice, the number of serious injuries caused by accidents at home can be reduced.

Questions and answers1- Where do you think most accidents happen at home In the kitchen and the bathroom. 2- Which two groups of people have most accidents at home? Children under five and adults over seventy.

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3- Why do you think Children and the elderly have most accidents at home ? Because young children don’t always understand about dangers in the home, and old people can forget things and sometimes fall over easily.

4- What two dangers are there in bathrooms ? a )- Many older people fall in the bathrooms. b )- Some accidents involving electrical equipment happen in the bathrooms.

5- What can be the problem with throwing water on a fire?Throwing water on a fire of electrical equipment can make it worse.

6- Why do you think that the kitchen is where most accidents at home happen? Because this is where most house fire begin.

7- What should people do if they are not using electrical equipment? They should turn it off or unplug it.

8- What two pieces of equipment could help people put out a fire ? A fire extinguisher and a blanket .

9- How else should people prepare in case there is a fire ? Families should prepare a fire escape plan.

10- What dangers are there in the kitchen ? There are many dangers from electrical equipment, hot ovens and sharp knives.

11- What dangers are there in bedrooms and living rooms?There might be electrical equipment ( computers and televisions ), toys on the floor, open windows, glass that might break, etc.

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12- What other causes of personal injuries can you think of? You can fall over something or fall down the stairs. Something might hit you if it falls or breaks. 13- Where do accidents usually take place? Most accidents happen in the living room, however the most serious accidents happen in the kitchen or on the stairs.

14- What dangers are there for teens and middle-aged people ? There are dangers from cars ( driving or walking across a road ) , from fires, pollution, etc.

15-Do you think that people’s everyday life is becoming safer or less safe than in the past? I think that it becomes less safe because there are a lot of road accidents happening here and there every day as well as other accidents such as the electric fires, gas choke , etc It becomes safer because people can take strict precautions to avoid accidents and the government take decisive measures to limit road accidents.

16- Why do you think that some people don’t follow safety advice from experts? Because some people think that they know better than experts and the experts worry too much.

17 – What can we do to persuade people to follow this advice? We can show people facts, for example, the number of road accidents over a certain period.

Language Notes: Thank for علي : يشكر

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Thank you for your help.

Thanks to بفضل : Thanks to Allah we are still alive.

( over the last week ) تام مضارعYou have sent them over the last week.

Look on ( the computer / the mobile screen / the television ) الشاشات ( on ) معتستخدمI looked on my computer to find out where the school was.😊 increase in في معه bring with - زيادة related to - يجلب

بـــ مرتبطThe increase in computer use has brought with it problems related to different parts of our bodies: mainly our eyes, backs and arms.

Most of + N - معظم أكثرMost of the pain we feel after using our computers are temporary.

( RSI ) = Repetitive strain injury المتكرر اإلجهاد مرضRSI can lead to permanent damage دائم تلف

At last أخيرا At least األقل عليHe arrived at last.Take five minute break at least.

flat ( الهواء – مسطح من ( مفرغOur land is flat. My car has a flat tyre.

Causative السببي ( Have + object + past participle ) من السببي يتكون

به يقوم الن نرتب لكننا و بانفسنا شيئا نفعل ال عندما السببية الصيغة نستخدملنا آخر . شخص

If you are a regular computer user, you should have your eyes tested once every two years.

come round وعيه يستردHe must have been drugged .We will have to wait till he comes round.

come out ينشر – يظهر His new novel will come out soon.

come up with في يفكرHe came oyt with with some simple but useful ideas.

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angle زاوية angel مالك The triangle has three angles. She has the face of an angel.

cause of لـ لـ reason for سبب سببWhat is the cause of the fire ? للسببWhat is the reason for your absence ? للتفسير

involve يورط يتضمن - I am afraid ! your brother is involved in the crime.Some accidents involving electrical equipment happen in the bathroom.

point out يبين point to بأدب الي بوقاحة point at يشير الي يشير

put out = extinguish يطفيء Putting out electrical fires using water will make the situation worse ( الموقف يجعل( أسوأ

sensible حكيم – عاقل sensitive حساس Father has made some sensible decisions.She is a very sensitive girl.

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Reported Speech: Statements

الخطوات إتبع المباشر غير إلى المباشر الكالم لتحويلاآلتية:

1-Statementsالخبرية الجمل

فاتركه to تتبعه لم إذا . أماto تبعته إذاtold إلى said القول فعل -حول1تغيير. دون

.that بكلمة الجملة إبدأ و الترقيم عالمات -إحذف2المعنى. حسب الضمائر -غير3 المستمر المضارع و بسيط ماضي البسيط المضارع فاجعل األزمنة -غير4

فاجعله البسيط الماضي تام, أما ماضي التام المضارع و مستمر ماضيأيضا. تام ماضي

اآلتي: الجدول حسب اإلشارة أسماء و الظروف -غير5IndirectDirectIndirectDirect

thosethesethatthisthennowthereherethat nighttonightthat daytodaythe following weeknext weekthe next daytomorrowthe night beforelast nightthe day beforeyesterdaysothusbeforeago

He said to me, “I shall visit you tomorrow.”He told me that he would visit me the next day.

The boy said, “I went to the cinema yesterday.”The boy said that he had gone to the cinema the day before.

.and added that أوand that بـ إربطهما خبريتان جملتان هناك كانت إذاThe man said,”I know that it is wrong. I shall try to do better tomorrow.”The man said that he knew that it was wrong and added that he would try to do better the next day.

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Reported Speech: Questions

.asked إلى القول فعل -حول1 أداة هناك تكن لم إذا whether أو if بكلمة الجملة إبدأ و الترقيم عالمات -إحذف2

ربط. كأداة فإستعملها إستفهام أداة هناك كانت إذا إستفهام. أماالفاعل. بعد الفعل ضع أي اإلثبات صيغة إلى اإلستفهام صيغة -حول3الخبرية. الجمل في سبق كما اإلشارة أسماء و الظروف و األزمنة و الضمائر -غير4

I said to my friend, “Where are you going ?”I asked my friend where he was going.

The teacher said to the pupil, “Have you done your exercise ?”The teacher asked the pupil if he had done his exercise.

.and بكلمة يربطان سؤاالن هناك كان إذاThe judge said to the prisoner, “How old are you ? Are you married ?”The judge asked the prisoner how old he was and if he was married.

مالحظات: حول و احذفهاdoes أوdo على تحتوي أو بـ تبدأ اإلستفهامية الجملة كانت إذاب)(

البسيط. الماضي الى الفعلHe said to me, “Do you play football ?”He asked me if I played football.

الفعل حول و احذفهاdid على تحتوي أو بـ تبدأ االستفهامية الجملة كانت (ب)إذاالتام. الماضي الى

I said to him, “Did you go to the circus last night ?”I asked him if he had gone to the circus the night before.

Reported Speech: Commandsاألوامر

لها استعمل األمر الجملة. فلهجة لمعنى طبقا أمر فعل إلى القول فعل -حول1orderedإستعمل للتأدب و toldوللطلب askedلإلستعطاف و beggedللنصيحة و advised.

من بدالto بـ مسبوقا المصدر بإستعمال الجملة إبدأ و الترقيم عالمات -إحذف2األمر. صيغة

للمعنى. طبقا اإلشارة أسماء و الظروف و األزمنة و الضمائر -غير3مباشرة. المصدر قبلnot to ضع وdo إحذف منفيا األمر كان -إذا4

The master said to the servant, “Shut the door.”The master ordered the servant to shut the door.

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The poor boy said to the gentleman, “Please, give me a piastre.”The poor boy begged the gentleman to give him a piastre.

Ali said to me, “Lend me your pen.”Ali asked me to lend him my pen.

The doctor said to the patient, “Do not eat too much.”The doctor advised the patient not to eat too much

.and بـ إربطهما األمر حالة في جملتان هناك كانت إذاThe father said to his son, “Study your lessons. Do not waste your time.”The father advised his son to study his lessons and not to waste his time.

Unit 13

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:Choose the correct answer:

1- Why is …………….. strain injury a serious problem ? a) repetition b) repeated c) repetitive d) repeat2- In pairs, …………….. turns to say these sentences. a) take b) put c) get d) put 3- There is a tree in our garden which is growing at a very strange …………………. a) angel b) angles c) angels d) angle4- There are no hills or mountains, so the road is very ………………… a) ups and downs b) flat c) bumpy d) curve5- The bridge over the river is not ……………….. . It will not be there next year. a) temporary b) temporarily c) contemporary d) permanent6- Can you change the …………….. on the television. It is very dark.

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a) brightness b) lightning c) bright d) plight7- Plants grow better in soil which is …………….. . a) most b) moist c) dry d) drought8- The …………….. of mount Sinai is 2.285 metres above sea level. a) tall b) width c) length d) height9- I must move because I am sitting in an uncomfortable …………………… a) post b ) disposition c) position d ) composition 10- If you get something in your eye, you should ………………. quickly . a) blink b) drink c) wake d ) prick 11- ………… is the weather usually like when the sea is flat ? a) Which b) What c) How d) Why 12- I will speak to you about using computers without ……………. your health. a) damaging b) damage c damaged d) damages13- We all use computers as part of our ……………. life . a) every day b) everyday c) every year d) every month 14- Many of you asked me how long people spent ……………….. a computer each day. a) in b) on c) at d) of15- This increase ………… computer use has brought with it problems related to our body. a) in b) on c) at d) of16- Computers cause problems related ……… our bodies, mainly our eyes, backs and arms.

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a) for b) with c) to d) of17- Most of the pains we feel after using computers are …………..and disappear after a rest. a) temporary b) permanent c) lasting d) for ever18- The most …………….. computer – related problems are headaches and pain in our arms. a) commonest b) common c) rarely d) rare19- To prevent these problems is to take regular ……………. . a) medicine b) brakes c) breaks d) breaking20- You should also …………. stretching exercises. a) do b) make c) doing d) giving21- Make sure your desk or table is the right ……………. . a) high b) height c) highly d) highness22- Make sure your computer screen is at the correct ……………. . a) ruler b) flat c) angle d) triangle23- You will also find it helpful to have your feet …………. on the floor. a) lean b) far c) forward d) flat24- You should have your eyes …………. every two years. a) test b) tested c) testing d) tests25- To avoid eye problems while you …………… working, blink regularly. a) are b) were c) was d) is26- Keep the air in the room ………………… by using plants or a glass of water.

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a) moist b) moisture c) dampness d) dry27- Change the …………… of your screen from time to time. a) bright b) brightness c) colour d) sound28-.We use fire ……………. for stopping small fires. a) extinguisher b) distinguish c) alarm d) fighter29- If you ……………. electrical equipment, it stops working. a) turn up b) unplug c) plug d) turn on30- Something that is ……………. is not difficult. a) sample b) hard c) simple d) facilitate31- A ……………….. is the place in a wall where you can connect electrical equipment . a) socket b) rocket c) locket d) bucket32- If you point something .....….. , you tell someone about something they didn’t know or see. a) on b) out c) at d) to33- It can be very dangerous to ……………….. a socket. a) download b) upload c) load d) overload34- One of the most common ………..….. of personal injury is an accident at home. a) causes b) cause c) reasons d) reason 35- Where do most accidents take …………………. at home ? a) part b) happen c) palace d) place 36- The bathroom is also a danger area, because this is …………. many older people fall. a) which b) when c) where d ) what

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37- The safety expert said that all homes should have smoke …………………. . a) fires b) alarms c) arms d) fighters38- Throwing water on a fire caused by electrical equipment can make the situation ….....… . a) worse b) better c) best d) good39- A new novel I want to read comes …………….. next week. a) up with b) out c) round d) on40- The best authors are always very good at coming …………….. with good ideas. a) up b) out c) round d) on

Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it:1- If I feel tiredness, I usually go to bed early.1- If I feel tiredness, I usually go to bed early.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

2- The bright of the sun made it very difficult to drive next 2- The bright of the sun made it very difficult to drive next to the lake.to the lake.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

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3- There is great sadness when our son gets the first prize.3- There is great sadness when our son gets the first prize.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

4- Tired can stop you remembering things so you should 4- Tired can stop you remembering things so you should have rest.have rest.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

5- What tall are you ? I am 1.89 metres tall.5- What tall are you ? I am 1.89 metres tall.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

6- An eagle is the position from which something is viewed .6- An eagle is the position from which something is viewed .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

7- To blank is to shut and open your eyes quickly .7- To blank is to shut and open your eyes quickly .

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

8- The quality of light given or reflected by an object is 8- The quality of light given or reflected by an object is called frightening.called frightening.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

9- If some thing is even, smooth and level, it is fiat. 9- If some thing is even, smooth and level, it is fiat.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

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10- If something is slightly wet, damp or humid, it is 10- If something is slightly wet, damp or humid, it is drought.drought.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

11- The rocket is on the other side of the room so the light 11- The rocket is on the other side of the room so the light has a long wire.has a long wire.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

12- Remember to plug electrical equipment before you go 12- Remember to plug electrical equipment before you go away on holiday.away on holiday.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

13- Be careful not to download that socket. You are using it 13- Be careful not to download that socket. You are using it for two many things.for two many things.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

14- The minority of the students come to school by bus. 14- The minority of the students come to school by bus. Only two come by train.Only two come by train.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

15- We keep a fire extinguished in our kitchen just in case 15- We keep a fire extinguished in our kitchen just in case there’s a fire.there’s a fire.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….

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UNIT 14Key Vocab:civilization

الحضارة reform / يصلح إصالح

adviser/advisor

/ ناصح مستشار almost تقريبا

battle معركة eventually النهاية فيfortunately

الحظ لحسن go missing مفقود يصبح

oppose يعارض trap يحتجزa best-seller

أعلي يحقق كتابمبيعات نسبة

explorer مستكشف

poet شاعر behaviour سلوكbehave / يسلك يتصرف

Vocabulary:

king Solomon سليمان الملك collect money

مال يجمع

mine منجم strangely غريب بشكلadventurer مغامر شخص powerful

(adj.)قوى

hunter (حيوانات) صائد forces (n.) قواتacross the desert

الصحراء عبر cruel قاس

hidden مخفى violent عنيفvalley وادي diamond ماسsoldiers جنود treasure كنزarmy جيش escape =

run awayيهرب

capture يأسر journey رحلةdiamond mine ماس منجم oasis واحةgun بندقية objectives أهداف

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criminal /اجرامىمجرم unknown / غير مجهولمعروف

struggle يكافح critical thinking

نقدي تفكير

relationship عالقة partner شريكtolerant متسامح website على موقع

االنترنتbusy مشغول bookshop الكتب لبيع مكتبةcollect يجمع society مجتمعexplain يشرح well-

organisedالتنظيم جيد

explanation / تفسير شرح a play مسرحيةsystem نظام educational تعليميeffective / مؤثر فعال civil war أهلية حربfair / / جميل عادل

معرضoil company

بترول شركة

climate change

الطقس في تغير popularity / شيوع شهرة

rescue ينقذ abroad الخارجposition وضع finish

university الدراسة ينهى

الجامعيةmusician موسيقار Spanish flu اسبانية انفلوانزاenvironmental problem

بيئية مشكلة servant خادم

space exploration

استكشافالفضاء

challenge تحدى

a global society

عالمي مجتمع faraway(adj.)

بعيد

mysterious غامض

Prepositions:

die of thirst من يموتالعطش

manage to من يتمكن

succeed in في ينجح rich in بـ غنىask for help يطلب

المساعدةpopular with

لدى مألوف

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kind of من نوع kind to على عطوفcatch up with / يواكب يساير keep up

with/ يواكب يساير

move from ... to

... من يتحرك... إلى

get out of من يخرج

say goodbye to

يودع on their way

طريقهم في

stop at an oasis

في يتوقفواحة

an adviser on

في مستشار

an adviser to / مرشدمستشار

have advice for

لـ نصيحة لديه

opposition to لـ معارضة aware of / بـ دراية أو علم علىبـ واعي

Words and their antonyms:

victory نصر defeat هزيمةfortunate محظوظ unfortuna

teالحظ سيء

correct صحيح incorrect خطأdead ميت alive الحياة قيد علىmaster سيد servant خادمstrange غريب familiar مألوفwell جيد بشكل badly سيء بشكلkeen مهتم indifferent مبالي ال

Listening and Reading

Mustafa : Did you know, we're going to read King Solomon's Mines at school

soon?

Hany : Yes, I heard. I'm looking forward to that. And for homework, we have to find out about Rider Haggard who wrote the book.

Mustafa : What do you know about him? 68

Unit (14) Listening Text

Hany : Not much. I know he's not alive and I think he was English.

Mustafa : Shall we try and find out more?

Hany : OK. Let's look on the internet. There must be a Rider Haggard website.

Mustafa : Here he is. Rider Haggard, born 1856, died 1925.

Hany : So he's been dead quite a long time. What else does it say?

Mustafa : Well, you were right - he was English - his father was a lawyer and his

mother was a poet. Hany : When did he start writing?

Mustafa : Wait a minute. OK, it says he wasn't very good at school so he didn't apply for university. His father sent him to work in South Africa. Hany : Did he stay in South Africa?

Mustafa : Yes, for a few years, then he went back to England, married and had a

family.

Hany : So, when did he start writing?

Mustafa : Well, let's see. He became a lawyer first, but he didn't do very well

because he was so keen on his writing.

Hany : What were his books about?

Mustafa : They were adventure stories which took place in Africa and were about

explorers discovering ancient African civilizations or looking for

diamonds.

Hany : Was he successful as a writer?

Mustafa :Yes. King Solomon's Mines, which it took him only six weeks to write,

was a bestseller for a year.

Hany : What else did he write?

Mustafa : Let's see. She, about an ancient African queen, and Allan Quatermain

are his best known other books.

Hany :And did he go on working at the same time as being a writer ?

Mustafa : Yes, he worked for the British government. He helped in the reform of

agriculture. He also travelled around the world.

Hany : I'm interested in learning more about him.

Mustafa : So am I, and I'm really looking forward to reading King Solomon's

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Mines.

Hany : Me too.

King Solomon's Mines An Englishman, Sir Henry Curtis, is in Africa looking for his brother who has gone missing while searching for King Solomon's Mines. Allan Quatermain, an adventurer and hunter who has a map of the mines, agrees to help Sir Henry look for his brother. A young African, Umbopa, travels with them as their servant. Walking across a desert, the group almost die of thirst, but eventually reach mountains. They cross the mountains into Kukuanaland, a country in a hidden valley. Soldiers from the country's army capture Sir Henry's group and are going to kill them, but suddenly become afraid when one of the Englishmen behaves strangely. Soon the Kukuanas believe that the men have strange and powerful forces. The Englishmen are taken to King Twala, a cruel, violent man who kills anyone who oppose him. To become king, he killed his brother and sent his brother's wife and son Ignosi into the desert to die. The servant Umbopa now tells the Englishmen that he is really Ignosi. Then, with his own soldiers and his English friends, he attacks the king's army. In the battle that follows, Twala is killed. Then, one of the old king's advisers, Gagool, takes the group to King Solomon's Mines, where they find rooms full of gold and diamonds. While they are looking at the treasure, Gagool escapes and traps the Englishmen in the mine without food or water. Fortunately, after a few days, they manage to get out of the mine, taking enough diamonds to make them rich.

The Englishmen say goodbye to the new King Ignosi and start their journey home. On their way, they stop at an oasis, where they find Sir Henry's brother.

Questions and answers1-What was Sir Henry Curtis’s brother doing in Africa ?* He was searching for King Solomon’s Mines.

2-How did King Twala die ?* He was killed in the battle.

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3-Where did they find Sir Henry Curtis’s brother ?* They found him at an oasis.

4-Why do you think Alan Quatermain agree to help Sir Henry Curtis ?* Because he had a map of the mines and was an adventurer who liked that sort of challenge.

5-Why do you think King Twala sent his brother’s wife and son into the desert to die instead of killing them ?* Because he didn’t want to be blamed for their death. This way, he could say it was not him who did it.

6-How do you think Umbupa/Ignosi felt about becoming king of his country ?* He was happy to replace the cruel king.

7-What was the relationship between the white people and the Africans at that time ?* Neither the white people nor the Africans knew much about the other’s culture.

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8-Why do you think such stories about strange countries were so popular ?* They were popular because people didn’t know much about other cultures and countries. They were mysterious, faraway places and everything in them seemed like an adventure.

9-What can people of different nationalities learn from each other ?* They can learn new foods, new technologies, different ways of solving problems, etc.

Language Notesthe problem of مشكلة .. We should find a solution to the problem of

overpopulation.What's the problem with ..? في المشكلة ما .. What's the problem with your computer?

One of …(is) … مفرد فعل استخدام الحظ One of these books is very useful.

التالية: الجمل في المفرد الفعل الحظ Reading books is a useful hobby. Building new houses costs a lot of money.

معها يأتي والمسافة والزمن الثمن علي الدالة العبارات المفرد: صورة في الفعل

Two hundred pounds is too much for this shirt. Five miles is a long way to walk. Five hours is not enough to do this job.

Stop … +(from) v+ing يمنع He stopped the other team (from) scoring goals.

Almost = nearly I have almost finished. = I have nearly finished

عادة نستخدم النفي علي الدالة الكلمات مع أنه الحظ almost

Almost nobody was there. He eats almost nothing.

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73

Fail + n. في / يفشل يرسب fail + to+inf. He failed the exam. He failed to do the job.

Succeed in = manage to He succeeded in doing the job. He managed to do

the job.

.

Prepositions after nouns, verbs and adjectives

Prepositions after nounsreason for لـ سبب cause of لـ سبب Problem of مشكلة popularity

ofشعبية

an effect on على أثر increase in فى زيادةan answer to لـ حل decrease in في نقص

Prepositions after adjectivesGood at في جيد Angry with من غاضب

(شخص)Bad at في سيء Annoyed

with من متضايق(شخص)

Brilliant at في المع Disappointed with

من محبط

Worried about

على قلق Afraid of من خائف

Happy about من سعيد Terrified of من خائفExcited about بـ مهتم Frightened

ofمن مرعوب

Sorry about على آسف Proud of بـ فخورInterested in بـ مهتم Famous for بـ مشهورKeen on على حريص Popular

with(من) لدى محبوب

Prepositions after verbs74

Find out about

على يكتشف Belong to لـ ينتمي – يخص

Care for (about)

بـ يعتني Apply for بطلب يتقدملوظيفة

Consist of من يتكون Look for عن يبحثDie of بسبب يموت Hear of عن يسمع

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له مضاف فعل نستخدم الجر حروف بعد ing أو اسم أو ضمير:

He is worried about losing his job.He is worried about the exam.He's worried about it.

Communication Skills

Asking for help Agreeing to help someonePlease could you help me to..?

Yes, of course..

I wonder if you could help me with..?

Yes, what's the problem?

I can't (find..). I don't suppose you could help me..

Yes. What would you like me to do?

Would it be possible for you to help me..?

I'd be happy to help.

Unit 14Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:11 - -We should protect our children from watching ......... filmsWe should protect our children from watching ......... films.. a) violent b) useful c) necessary a) violent b) useful c) necessary

d) cartoond) cartoon22 - -The .........managed to escape so the police couldn't arrest The .........managed to escape so the police couldn't arrest

himhim.. a) criminal b) boatman c) policeman a) criminal b) boatman c) policeman

d) conductord) conductor 33 - -Swine ......... has attacked Egypt and killed some peopleSwine ......... has attacked Egypt and killed some people..

a) blue b) flu c) glue d) a) blue b) flu c) glue d) duedue

44 - -He is a snake ......... It is his favourite hobbyHe is a snake ......... It is his favourite hobby.. a) fisherman b) holder c) hunter a) fisherman b) holder c) hunter

d) kingd) king55 - -The group got lost in the desert and died ofThe group got lost in the desert and died of..................

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a) hungry b) thirsty c) empty a) hungry b) thirsty c) empty d) thirstd) thirst

66 - -Our brave .........were able to defeat the enemy and restore Our brave .........were able to defeat the enemy and restore the occupied land in Sinaithe occupied land in Sinai..

a) players b) soldiers c) boxers a) players b) soldiers c) boxers d) researchersd) researchers

77 - -Our army could .........a lot of the enemy soldiersOur army could .........a lot of the enemy soldiers.. a) arrest b) catch c) hold a) arrest b) catch c) hold

d) captured) capture88--He was punished because he ......... badlyHe was punished because he ......... badly..

a) behaved b) laughed c) smiled a) behaved b) laughed c) smiled d) gotd) got

99 - -We should care for our military ......... to be able to defend We should care for our military ......... to be able to defend our countryour country . .

a) forces b) telephones c) stations a) forces b) telephones c) stations d) transportd) transport

1010 - -Criminals are always ......... so they should be punished Criminals are always ......... so they should be punished severelyseverely . .

a) polite b) tolerant c) gentle a) polite b) tolerant c) gentle d) crueld) cruel

1111 - -A/An ......... is a fight between two armiesA/An ......... is a fight between two armies . . a) agreement b) battle c) a) agreement b) battle c)

friendship d) disputefriendship d) dispute1212 - -Our heritage is our national .........so we should keep itOur heritage is our national .........so we should keep it..

a) pressure b) closure c) treasure a) pressure b) closure c) treasure d) brochured) brochure

1313 - -When the mine collapsed, a lot of workers When the mine collapsed, a lot of workers were .........insidewere .........inside..

a) slapped b) skipped c) clapped a) slapped b) skipped c) clapped d) trappedd) trapped

1414 - -Although the mine collapsed, he .........to get out of itAlthough the mine collapsed, he .........to get out of it.. a) could b) managed c) succeeded a) could b) managed c) succeeded

d) overtookd) overtook1515 - -Al Kharja is a famous ......... in EgyptAl Kharja is a famous ......... in Egypt..

a) desert b) sea c) building d) a) desert b) sea c) building d) oasisoasis

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1616 - -The policemen set a trap so that they could ......... the The policemen set a trap so that they could ......... the criminalcriminal..

a) escape b) miss c) catch a) escape b) miss c) catch d) rund) run

1717 - -If we want to live in clean environment, we should get rid If we want to live in clean environment, we should get rid of all kinds ofof all kinds of ............ ............

a) pollution b) education c) imagination a) pollution b) education c) imagination d) accusationd) accusation

1818 - -The crew are of different......... and have no common The crew are of different......... and have no common languagelanguage..

a) nations b) countries c) nationalities a) nations b) countries c) nationalities d) facilitiesd) facilities

1919 - -This is a ......... job. They do it voluntarilyThis is a ......... job. They do it voluntarily.. a) charitable b) tolerant c) courageous a) charitable b) tolerant c) courageous

d) braved) brave2020--Father ......... to buy me a present if I passed my examsFather ......... to buy me a present if I passed my exams..

a) promised b) said c) sent d) tolda) promised b) said c) sent d) told2121 - -They are busy ......... money for a charityThey are busy ......... money for a charity..

a) connecting b) missing c) collecting a) connecting b) missing c) collecting d) spendingd) spending

2222--Before donating money, I'd like to find out......... this Before donating money, I'd like to find out......... this charitycharity..

a) on b) for c) about a) on b) for c) about d) tod) to

2323--Are you going to apply .........the job advertised yesterdayAre you going to apply .........the job advertised yesterday?? a) for b) to c) on d) ata) for b) to c) on d) at

2424 - -Whose mobile phone is this? I think it......... to OmarWhose mobile phone is this? I think it......... to Omar.. a) decides b) belongs c) agrees a) decides b) belongs c) agrees

d) devotesd) devotes2525 - -Our neighbour's son has ......... missing and they are Our neighbour's son has ......... missing and they are

looking for himlooking for him . . a) done b) made c) gone a) done b) made c) gone

d) leftd) left2626 - -The thieves were surprised to find a room full......... gold The thieves were surprised to find a room full......... gold

and other treasuresand other treasures . .

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a) in b) of c) with d) a) in b) of c) with d) byby

2727 - -He .........his failure on his father as he wasted his timeHe .........his failure on his father as he wasted his time.. a) congratulated b) blamed c) dependeda) congratulated b) blamed c) depended

d) reliedd) relied2828 - -Most smokers are perfectly ......... of the dangers of Most smokers are perfectly ......... of the dangers of

smokingsmoking.. a) careful b) fond c) aware d) a) careful b) fond c) aware d)

proudproud2929 - -We should care .........building economic flats if we want toWe should care .........building economic flats if we want to

solve the housing problemsolve the housing problem . . a) of b) from c) for d) witha) of b) from c) for d) with

3030 - -I'm looking ......... to having a pen-friend in an English I'm looking ......... to having a pen-friend in an English speaking countryspeaking country..

a) after b) for c) forward d) a) after b) for c) forward d) downdown

3131 - -Some people like going ......... in the mountains and Some people like going ......... in the mountains and desertsdeserts..

a) fishing b) planting c) hunting d) a) fishing b) planting c) hunting d) farmingfarming

3232 - -They called the police as soon as the accident tookThey called the police as soon as the accident took......... ......... a) part b) up c) place d) carea) part b) up c) place d) care

3333 .........- .........-my way home, I ran into an old friendmy way home, I ran into an old friend.. a) On b) By c) In d) Witha) On b) By c) In d) With

3434--I think you are too late to ........ the bus to schoolI think you are too late to ........ the bus to school.. a) catch b) give c) look d) a) catch b) give c) look d)

watchwatch3535 - -Cartoon films are popular ......... young childrenCartoon films are popular ......... young children..

a) with b) for c) from d) a) with b) for c) from d) onon

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences,Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences, then write them correctlythen write them correctly ::

11 - -Adventurous stories often take place in remote placesAdventurous stories often take place in remote places..

79

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22 - -A doctor speaks for people in law courtsA doctor speaks for people in law courts..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

33 - -Would you apply to this vacant jobWould you apply to this vacant job ? ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

44 - -He hopes to find out on our new partyHe hopes to find out on our new party..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

55 - -She doesn’t keen on watching violent filmsShe doesn’t keen on watching violent films..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

66 - -The reforming of agriculture will increase productionThe reforming of agriculture will increase production..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

77 - -An inventor is someone who travels to places that peopleAn inventor is someone who travels to places that people have not visited beforehave not visited before..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

88 - -What are you searching atWhat are you searching at? ? 80

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

99 - -Are you frightened about wild animalsAre you frightened about wild animals? ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1010 - -The master and his service went out for a walkThe master and his service went out for a walk..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1111 - -Our brave teachers were able to restore Sinai in 1973Our brave teachers were able to restore Sinai in 1973..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1212 - -What surprises me is that he behaves strangeWhat surprises me is that he behaves strange..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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UNIT 15Vocabulary:

digital رقمي

upset يزعج

awful / شنيعمرعب

method طريقة

media إعالم

stick to بـ يلتزم cassette كاسيت

addict يدمن

join يلتحق

page صفحة

channels قنوات

confidence ثقة

online عليالنت

realise يدرك

DVD دييفيد

share يشارك

discussion مناقشة

owner مالك replace يحلمحل

college كلية

rules قواعد

member عضو download يحمل

warn يحذر

subject موضو

ع

exclude يقصي

social اجتماعي

depressed كئيب

actually بالفعل

brief مختصر

sites مواقع

engine محرك

matter يهم approximately تقريباً

chat يتسامر

jet طائرةنفاثة

more or less تقريباً

instructions تعليمات

virtual افتراضي

necessity ضرورة

rude وقح unhappiness تعاسة

real حقيقي

opportunity فرصة

unpleasant بغيض

discomfort قلق doubt شك power يزودبالقوة

advertise يعلن

details تفاصيل

advantage ميزة privacy سرية

contact يتصل

particular خاص

disadvantage عيب produce ينتج

type يكتب

interest اهتمام

researchers باحثون

steam بخار

public عام exactly بالض nervous عصب web شب82

بط ي كةprivate خا

صvideo فيدي

وirritable سريع

الغضبtransport ينق

ل

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Prepositions& expressions

It doesn’t matter يهم ال Listen to music on الي يستمععلي الموسيقي

More or less ً تقريبا Download from علي من ينزلاالنترنت

Rude to لـ وقح Communicate with مع يتواصلDisagree with مع يوافق ال Make new friends جديدة صداقة يكونStick to يتمسك / بـ يلتزم

بـThere is no doubt شك يوجد ال

What else ً أيضا ماذا Lose touch with بـ االتصال يفقدBreak the rules القواعد يخالف Addicted to لـ مدمن

Definitionsexclude Stop someone going to a place or taking part in something.rule An instruction that says what you can and can’t do.stick to Not change what you are doing or what you have decided to do.type Write using a keyboard.unpleasant Describe something that causes unhappiness or discomfort.videos A tape of a film or television programmecassette players A machine that plays music on a cassetteDVDs A digital video disc that can store enough information to play a

filmdownload Moving information from one computer to another via the

internetlosing touch with No longer speaking or writing to someonevirtual Not real , only produced on a computerchat Talk in a friendly waymore or less About , approximately disadvantages Bad points

irritable Easily annoyed or angry

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Listening and Reading

Taha: Hi, Imad. Could I ask your advice about something?Imad: Sure, how can I help?Taha: Well, I’ve just joined an online discussion group and I’m not sure what the rules are.Imad: What’s the subject of the group? Taha: Birds.Imad: Actually, it doesn’t really matter what the subject is. If you join any discussion group, the rules are more or less the same. Probably the most important rule is that you must always be polite. You can disagree with other people, but you must not be rude or unpleasant to them.Taha: That’s the same as when you’re actually with people. If I was with people I didn’t know very well, I would never be rude to them.Imad: Yes, of course. Another rule is that you shouldn’t try to advertise or sell things to members of the group.Taha: That’s OK. I’ve got nothing to sell. If I contact the group, I’ll only tell people about birds that I’ve seen, or ask them questions about birds.Imad: What else? Remember to type carefully and don’t write long messages. What language does the group use?Taha: It’s an international group, so we use English.Imad: Another thing to remember is that your messages are public, which means that anyone can read them: your family, your friends, even your teacher.Taha: Oh yes, I hadn’t thought about that.Imad Yes, you must be careful not to make anyone upset. And another thing: you should always stick to the subject.Taha: That’s OK; I only want to write about birds.Imad There’s probably a Help page where you can ask other members questions if you aren’t sure about anything. And if you write anything that you shouldn’t, the owner of the group may email you to remind you about the rules.Taha: I didn’t realise that discussion groups had owners.Imad: Most of them do. It can be quite an important job if it’s a busy group and there are a lot of members. Sometimes they exclude people from the group if they break the rules.Imad I’m sure that I won’t break any rules. But anyway, thanks a lot, that’s really helpful advice.Taha: That’s OK. If I had known that you were joining the discussion group, I would have joined too. I love birds!Imad: It’s not too late. You can join now!

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Young people and technologyIf you had asked young people 20 years ago how they spent their free time, they would probably have said that they watched television and videos, listened to music on cassette players or spent time with their friends.If you asked the same question today, the answers would be very different. Although we still watch television, there are many more channels than there were in the past, and DVDs have replaced videos. We now listen to CDs, but more of us are downloading music and films from the internet. We can listen to or watch these on computers or mobile phones.Of course, we still spend time with our friends, but more of our conversations with them are by text message or through online social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. These are becoming more popular as ways of communicating with friends and of making new friends. Some people are spending more time chatting to their virtual friends than to their real friends.There is no doubt that modern technology allows us to communicate with many more people than we could in the past, but there are disadvantages. Researchers have found that some people are losing touch with their real friends and becoming addicted to their mobile phones, to their computers and to social networking sites. If they cannot use their phones and computers, some people become nervous and irritable.And if more people become addicted to their phones, they will find it hard to make real friends.

Questions and answers1- How did young people listen to music twenty years ago? They listened to the radio and the cassettes. 2-How is television different from in the past ?There used to be only two local channels but now there are now a lot of channels. There are channels from all over the world and these channels are specialised in different fields and everyone chooses what they like. 3- Do you think that people still use videos?No , videos become something of the past things because there are many things which replaced videos such as CDs , DVDs , mobile phones and computers.

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4- Do you think modern technology has a bad effect on real friendship?Yes , of course .People lose touch with their friends nowadays because they have become addicted to the new technology and they turn to make friends via social networking sites such as Facebook , Twitter , Instagram , etc.

5- How do some people feel if they can not use their mobile phones today ?Some people become nervous and irritable if they can not use their mobile phones today

6- Where do many people get their music from today? Now there are a lot of sources to get your favourite music. People can download music from the internet. They can watch TV channels and they can store music on their mobiles.

7-What are the two main dangers of new technology ? 1- People can lose touch with their friends and this can lead to losing the real friends . 2- People become addicted to their devices.

8- How are the friends that people make on social networking sites different from real friends? When you make friends on social networking sites, you only find out what they want you to know about them. People can make up personalities for themselves, make themselves seem better than they really are, etc. Real friends are more likely to care about you and to want to help you.

9- Why do you think that modern methods of communication like emails and mobile phones have become so popular ? In what ways are they better than letters and traditional telephones? They are quicker, more immediate and take less effort than letters or phone calls. They are also often cheaper.

10-What are the disadvantages of these methods of communication ? People can spend too much time on them ; people can get annoyed if their friends don’t respond immediately .11-Do you think that more people will become addicted to mobile phones and computers ?

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Yes, more people will become addicted to them because they are developing all the time. They become cheaper and everyone can have a smart mobile and a modern computer.

12- What other things can people become addicted to ? People can become addicted to coffee, sugar, playing computer games and fizzy drinks.

Giving warning تحذير إعطاءBe careful ( the chair is broken ) Don’t do thatIf I were you , I wouldn’t ( cross the road )

Make sure you are not ( rude to others )

Mind you don’t ( don’t touch these wires )

Watch out

Watch out ! The water might be very hot. Be careful ! A car is coming too fast .

Language Notes ask يسأل ask about عن يطلب ask for يسألCan I ask a question ?He asked her about her job.My mother asked us for help.

( must not ) نستخدم قوية نصيحة ما شخص إلعطاءYou can disagree with people but you must not be rude or unpleasant to them.

similar to لـ متشابه You shirt is similar to mine but they are different in colour . The same as الشيء نفسYour book is the same as my book. There is no difference.

( else ) َ أيضا بمعني االستفهام أدوات نستخدم بعدWhat else did he do ?Who else visited your grandfather at the hospital ? Public عام Private ( ) مالكي مميز ( ) Special خاص خاصOn the Facebook, your messages are public; anyone can read them.Trains , buses and the underground are public transport.People should use public transport rather than their private cars to reduce pollution.My teacher gives me special treatment. My private car has a special colour.

connect to ( لألجهزة ( بـ connect with يوصل يتصل contact يوصلجر( حرف )بدون88

I will connect my mobile to my laptop. This railway connects Tanta with Cairo.I will contact you at 5 tomorrow.

quite ًتماما quiet هادي It can be quite an important job.Be quiet , please.

exclude / يبعد يقصيWe should exclude anyone who is rude to our group.

free time = spare time = leisure فراغ وقتYou should enjoy your free time .

replace محل يستبدل - يحلDVDs have replaced videos.The injured player should be replaced immediately.

download االنترنت علي من ينزلWe downloaded a lot of information from the internet.

social networking sites اجتماعيي تواصل مواقعFacebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc are social networking sites. allow +object + to+ infinitive communicate with ( people ) Modern technology allows us communicate with many more people than we could in the past.

lose touch with مع التواصل لــ addicted to يفقد مدمنWe are losing touch with our real friends and becoming addicted to our mobiles phones.

.

Conditional If

.. حاالت ثالث لهاIf قاعدة: األولى الحالة

If + Present Simple, will + infinitive.Ex. If he studies hard, he will succeed.

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, , لكي- و بالفعل يذاكر الشخص أن أي للواقع مطابق لحدث تستخدمالحالة نستخدم المستقبل في بالنتيجة الحاضر في مذاكرته نربط

األولى.

: الثانية الحالةIf + Past Simple, would + infinitive.

Ex. If he studied hard, he would succeed.- , ال الشخص أن أي الحاضر في إفتراض عن للتعبير تستخدم

, الحاضر في يذاكر إن أنه نفترض لكننا و الحاضر في يذاكر. ينجح سوف

: الثالثة الحالةIf + Past Perfect, would have + P.P.

Ex. If he had studied hard, he would have succeeded. لم الشخص أن الماضي, أي في إفتراض عن للتعبير تستخدم-

لكان ذاكر قد كان لو أنه رسب. بمعنى أنه و الماضي في يذاكرنجح. قد

Exercise

1- He studies hard. He will succeed. (Join) If he studies hard, he will succeed.

2- Factories close. Many people lose their jobs. (Join using: If) If factories didn’t close, many people wouldn’t lose their jobs.

3- Facories closed. Many people lost their jobs. (Join using: If) If factories hadn’t closed, many people wouldn’t have lost their jobs.

. الواقع: عكس نفترض الثالثة و الثانية الحاالت في مالحظاتConditional Clauses

*Formation : The three principal sentence patterns using ( if ) or ( unless ) are: - If ( Present simple ),…will / shall + infinitive.- If ( Past simple ),…would + infinitive.- If ( Past perfect ),…would + have + P.P.

N.B. - If the if-clause is in the present simple, the result clause will also be in the present simple, provided that the sentence is expressing a fact.

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- For unlikely or improbable conditions, use ( were ) instead of (was). - Sometimes conditions are expressed by inversion with the use of

( Were / Had / Should ) + Subject…----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Examples

1-If you invite her, she ( come ).

*If you invite her, she will come.

2-If it remained fine, we ( go ) for a swim.

*If it remained fine, we would go for a swim.

3-Unless you guide me, I ( be ) quite at a loss.

*Unless you guide me, I will be quite at a loss.

4-If I ( be ) you, I wouldn’t apologize.

*If I were you, I wouldn’t apologize.

5-Were I rich, I ( buy ) an aeroplane.

*Were I rich, I would buy an aeroplane.

6-Should they arrive late, it ( be ) difficult to find them room.

*Should they arrive late, it would be difficult to find them room.

7-Had I studied harder, I ( pass ) the test.

*Had I studied harder, I would have passed the test.

8-If metals are heated, they ( expand ).

*If metals are heated, they expand.

9-I would be pleased if you ( come ).

*I would be pleased if you came.

10-If I had met him, I ( tell ) him the truth.

*If I had met him, I would have told him the truth.

Unit 15Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:91

11 - -At the meeting, they decided to …………………. the factory At the meeting, they decided to …………………. the factory to a company from Chinato a company from China..

a) sale b) sell c) buy a) sale b) sell c) buy d) importd) import

22 - -Children should always be ………………… to other people, Children should always be ………………… to other people, especially older peopleespecially older people..

a) impolite b) rude c) polite a) impolite b) rude c) polite d) politelyd) politely

33 - -The weather was very …………… yesterday. There was a The weather was very …………… yesterday. There was a light wind and it wasn’t too hotlight wind and it wasn’t too hot..

a) unpleasant b) worse c) bad a) unpleasant b) worse c) bad d) pleasantd) pleasant

44 - -People shouldn’t make too much noise in …………….. People shouldn’t make too much noise in …………….. placesplaces..

a) public b) dirty c) a) public b) dirty c) nasty d) policenasty d) police

55 - -Schools sometimes …………………. pupils who behave very Schools sometimes …………………. pupils who behave very badlybadly..

a) include b) contain c) a) include b) contain c) exclude d) welcomeexclude d) welcome

66 - -Terrible and awful have ………………… the same meaningTerrible and awful have ………………… the same meaning.. a) more and more b) less and less c) less and a) more and more b) less and less c) less and

more d) more or lessmore d) more or less77 - -To reduce pollution, people should use public transport To reduce pollution, people should use public transport

instead of their ………… carsinstead of their ………… cars.. a) public b) private c) person a) public b) private c) person

d) speciald) special88 - -Don’t be …………… to other people. You should be politeDon’t be …………… to other people. You should be polite..

a) polite b) rude c) polite a) polite b) rude c) polite d) politelyd) politely

99 - -Your shirt was more or less the same as mine. There was a Your shirt was more or less the same as mine. There was a small……….. between themsmall……….. between them..

a) difference b) similar c) differ a) difference b) similar c) differ d) differentd) different

1010 - -I don’t like this sound. It isI don’t like this sound. It is. …………… . …………… a ) pleasant b) unpleasant c) great a ) pleasant b) unpleasant c) great

d) niced) nice92

1111 - -Try to …………… the weak students in the lessonTry to …………… the weak students in the lesson . . a ) include b) exclude c) delude a ) include b) exclude c) delude

d) deduced) deduce1212 - -I have just joined an online discussion group and I am not I have just joined an online discussion group and I am not

sure what the ………… aresure what the ………… are.. a) roles b) rulers c) rollers a) roles b) rulers c) rollers

d) rulesd) rules1313 , .…………… - , .…………… -it doesn’t matter what the subject isit doesn’t matter what the subject is..

a) Factual b) Intellectual c) Actually a) Factual b) Intellectual c) Actually d) Actuald) Actual

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1414 - -If my grandfather……………… still alive, he would be a If my grandfather……………… still alive, he would be a hundred todayhundred today..

a) is b) would be c) will be a) is b) would be c) will be d) wered) were

1515 - -You can ………….. with other people but you mustn’t be You can ………….. with other people but you mustn’t be rude or unpleasant to themrude or unpleasant to them..

a) disagree b) agree c) approve a) disagree b) agree c) approve d) agreeingd) agreeing

1616 - -I will never be rude ………….. other peopleI will never be rude ………….. other people . . a) about b) in c) to a) about b) in c) to

d) ford) for 1717 - -Please, ……………….. this letter on your computer and Please, ……………….. this letter on your computer and

print it for meprint it for me.. a) write b) reads c) type a) write b) reads c) type

d) typingd) typing1818 - -You must be careful not to make anyoneYou must be careful not to make anyone. ..……………… . ..………………

a) upset b) anger c) annoyance a) upset b) anger c) annoyance d) happinessd) happiness

1919 - -When you write a paragraph, you must stick ……………….. When you write a paragraph, you must stick ……………….. the subjectthe subject..

a) of b) for c) too a) of b) for c) too d) tod) to

2020 - -A DVD is something which you canA DVD is something which you can ..……………… ..……………… a) listen b) wear c) watch a) listen b) wear c) watch

d) play withd) play with 2121 - -If you are ……………… to something, you can’t stop doing If you are ……………… to something, you can’t stop doing

itit.. a) addicted b) dictated c) a) addicted b) dictated c)

objected d) rejectedobjected d) rejected2222 - -If you …………. with someone, you talk to themIf you …………. with someone, you talk to them..

a) eat b) cheat c) chat a) eat b) cheat c) chat d) chalkd) chalk

2323 - -The disadvantages of something are itsThe disadvantages of something are its . ………………………. ………………………

a) good points b) bad points c) interesting a) good points b) bad points c) interesting points d) meritspoints d) merits

2424 - -People download pictures and music fromPeople download pictures and music from. ………………… . ………………… 94

a) a shop b) the internet c) a camera a) a shop b) the internet c) a camera d) their friendsd) their friends

2525 - -People used to listen to music onPeople used to listen to music on. ………………… . ………………… a) emails b) cassette players c) channels a) emails b) cassette players c) channels

d) text messagesd) text messages2626 - -An irritable personAn irritable person. ………………… . …………………

a) is always patient b) gets annoyed easily c) is a) is always patient b) gets annoyed easily c) is always calm d) is good at sportalways calm d) is good at sport

2727 - -If you lose touch with someone, you don’tIf you lose touch with someone, you don’t . …………………………. …………………………

a) speak or write to them b) forget them c) contact a) speak or write to them b) forget them c) contact them d) know themthem d) know them

2828 - -DVDs have replacedDVDs have replaced. ………………… . ………………… a) TV b) radios c) videos a) TV b) radios c) videos

d) computersd) computers2929 - -Most of our conversations with our friends are by textMost of our conversations with our friends are by text

. ……………………. …………………… a) messages b) massage c) lettersa) messages b) massage c) letters

d) booksd) books 3030 - -Facebook and Twitter are social networkingFacebook and Twitter are social networking

. ……………………. …………………… a) emails b) location c) sites a) emails b) location c) sites

d) addressd) address3131 - -Facebook and Twitter are becoming more popular as waysFacebook and Twitter are becoming more popular as ways

of ………… with friendsof ………… with friends.. a) coming b) getting c) reaching a) coming b) getting c) reaching

d) communicatingd) communicating3232 - -Some people spend more time …………… with their virtualSome people spend more time …………… with their virtual

friends than to their real onesfriends than to their real ones.. a) chat b) chatting c) to chat a) chat b) chatting c) to chat

d) chattedd) chatted3333 - -Modern technology allows us ……………with many more Modern technology allows us ……………with many more

people than we could in the pastpeople than we could in the past.. a) to communicate b) communicating c) a) to communicate b) communicating c)

communicate d) communicatedcommunicate d) communicated3434 - -Researchers have found that some people are losing Researchers have found that some people are losing

…………… with their real friends…………… with their real friends..95

a) catch b) matches c) touch a) catch b) matches c) touch d) torchd) torch

3535 - -The young people are becoming addicted ……………….. The young people are becoming addicted ……………….. their mobile phonestheir mobile phones..

a) too b) with c) on a) too b) with c) on d) tod) to

3636 - -If we can not use our phones and computers, we become If we can not use our phones and computers, we become nervous andnervous and. .…………… . .……………

a) irritable b ) terrible c) trouble a) irritable b ) terrible c) trouble d) tenderd) tender

3737 - -If people become addicted to their phones, they will find itIf people become addicted to their phones, they will find it hard to ……….real friendshard to ……….real friends . .

a) do b) make c) recognise a) do b) make c) recognise d) formd) form

3838 - -If I find his telephone number, I ……………. .phone himIf I find his telephone number, I ……………. .phone him.. a) will have b) am going c) will a) will have b) am going c) will

d) would haved) would have3939 - -He wouldn’t have failed his exam unless he ………………….He wouldn’t have failed his exam unless he ………………….

illill . . a) was b) hadn’t been c) had been a) was b) hadn’t been c) had been

d) has beend) has been4040 - -It is unhealthy to leave children ………………… to It is unhealthy to leave children ………………… to

computer gamescomputer games.. a) addict b) apart c) away d) a) addict b) apart c) away d)

electedelected

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences,Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences, then write them correctlythen write them correctly ::

11 - -The referee is responsible for applying the roles in footballThe referee is responsible for applying the roles in football..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22 - -You should always stock to the subjectYou should always stock to the subject..

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

33 - -If you are impolite or pleasant, we won’t be kind to youIf you are impolite or pleasant, we won’t be kind to you..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

44 - -She ought to be executed because of her rudenessShe ought to be executed because of her rudeness..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

55 - -You must be careful when you tyre important documents You must be careful when you tyre important documents on the computeron the computer..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

66 - -He has joined a discussion group in the subject of birdsHe has joined a discussion group in the subject of birds..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

77 - -They are many or little the same priceThey are many or little the same price..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

88 - -A few years ago, we listened to songs on a cassette A few years ago, we listened to songs on a cassette playingplaying..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

99 - -You shouldn’t miss touch with your friendsYou shouldn’t miss touch with your friends..97

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1010 - -People are hitting together on the train. They talk about People are hitting together on the train. They talk about different subjectsdifferent subjects..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1111 - -The advantages of the High Dam outnumbers its The advantages of the High Dam outnumbers its disadvancesdisadvances..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1212 - -Have you ever overloaded foreign films from the internetHave you ever overloaded foreign films from the internet? ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1313--Don’t ask your father for money because he gets irregular Don’t ask your father for money because he gets irregular quicklyquickly..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1414 - -I hope you will do a lot of friends when you join our groupI hope you will do a lot of friends when you join our group..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1515 - -You can store a lot of information on one DavidYou can store a lot of information on one David..

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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UNIT 16Key Vocab:

accommodation

إقامة culture ثقافة

pretend يتظاهر reputation

سمعة

staff (في العاملين مجموعةمثال) شركة/ مدرسة

customer

عميل

value for money

فيه يُدفع ما يستحق شيءمال من

take it easy

/ يتمهل يسترخي

coast ساحل a fixed price

ثابت سعر

mass tourism

الجماعية السياحة destination

الوصول جهة

package tour

شركة (تنظمها متكاملة رحلةوالتنقالت اإلقامة وشاملة

wear away

من ويرق يتآكلاالستخدام كثرة

currency عملة holidaymakers

السياح

Vocabulary:

tourist sites سياحية أماكن valley of the kings

الملوك وادي

valley of the queens

الملكات وادي travel agent

سفريات وكيل

travel agency

سفر وكالة tourism السياحة

relaxing مريح manager مديرancient history

القديم التاريخ express feelings

المشاعر عن يعبر

a school uniform

مدرسي زى demolish يهدم

local people المحليون السكان crowded مزدحم100

golf course جولف ملعب traffic congestion

المرور تكدس

Greek times اإلغريقية العصور travel company

سياحية شركة

air travel جوا السفر huge business

ضخم تجاري عمل

cathedral كاتدرائية a stone floor

الحجر من أرضية

tourist season

سياحي موسم block the way

الطريق يسد

earner / مصدر مورد(للدخل)

tourist industry

السياحة صناعة

employ / يُشغل يوظف hotel staff بالفندق العاملينbuilding workers

البناء عمال resort األجازة لقضاء مكان

five star hotels

نجوم خمسة فنادق welcome / ترحيب يرحب

Greece اليونان cook طاهيwaiter (جرسون) نادل waitress نادلةcause damage

أضرارا يسبب ecotourist بالبيئة يهتم سائح

ecotourism بيئية سياحة Nepalese family

نيبال من أسرة

cooking الطهي horse-riding

الخيل ركوب

tourist destination

الذي المكانالسياح يقصده

air-conditioned bus

مكيف أتوبيسالهواء

excess luggage

وزن في زيادةالحقائب

Morocco المغرب

book=reserve

يحجز air-hostess جوية مضيفة

window seat بجوار مقعدالنافذة

aisle seat الممر بجوار مقعد

extend stay اإلقامة يمد aliens' departmen

(وتختص األجانب إدارةاإلقامة) بمد

101

tastronauts فضاء رواد mathemati

csالرياضيات

indispensable

االستغناء يمكن العنه

vacancy / غرفة خالية وظيفةخالية

necessitate / يستلزم يُحتم splendid رائعmaintain علي يحافظ nuisance / مضايقة إزعاجdisrupt يعطل consequen

cesنتائج

overcrowding

الشديد االزدحام promote يدعم/يروج/يشجع/بـ ينهض

Prepositions:

at particular times

معينة أوقات في knock down = pull down

يهدم

cut down / يقلل يقطع make money out of

ماال يجنيمن

compared to بـ بالمقارنة bring in يجلبin a friendly way ودية بطريقة stay at / in a

hotel في يقيمفندق

benefit from من يستفيد at its best أفضل فيصورة

travel by public transport

يسافر بالمواصالت

العامة

take a trip to برحلة يقومالي

on the Red Sea coast

ساحل علياألحمر البحر

fill in a form استمارة يمأل

Words and their antonyms:

take off

(الطائرة) تقلع land تهبط

costly الثمن غالي cheap رخيصcheck الوصول عند البيانات تسجيل check بعد الفندق مغادرة

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in المطار أو للفندق out الفاتورة دفعobject to

علي يعترض accept يقبل

negligent

مهمل careful حريص

nearby

قريب faraway بعيد

tidy منظم untidy منظم غيرessential

/ ضروري أساسي inessential

ضروري غير

conceited

مغرور modest متواضع

chase يطارد run away from

من يهرب

Listening and Reading

Voice: Speaker one.Man 1: I’m here for a week with my wife and children. I’ve wanted to come here since I learnt about Egypt at school. We’re staying near Cairo and while we’re here we’re going to see the Pyramids at Giza, the Great Sphinx and other ancient sites. My children have to study ancient history at school next year, so this trip will be very interesting for them. We must buy souvenirs for our friends while we’re here, and the children are hoping to spend a day or two on the beach.Voice: Speaker two.Man 2: I’m the manager of a travel agency in Alexandria. I arrange accommodation and trips for foreign visitors to Egypt. Of course, some times of the year are busier than others for us. There are parts of the year when my staff and I have to work twelve hours a day for six days a week, then other times are quieter, which means that we don’t have to work such long hours. I enjoy my job – especially when customers say they have enjoyed the trips we’ve organised. Sometimes I pretend to be a tourist and go on the trips myself, because we must always make sure that the customers are getting value for money. It is essential for our reputation that we look after tourists well. We mustn’t forget that tourism is very important for Egypt.

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Voice: Speaker three.Woman:I’m here with my sister – we’re sailing down the Nile from Luxor to Aswan. It’s been a fantastic journey so far. The views from the boat are wonderful – we’ve learnt a lot about the life and culture of Egyptian people. We’ve sailed past the temples of Edfu and Kom Ombo. We’re finding it very interesting, but also relaxing It’s a real change from our life in London. For example, we don’t need to get up or go to bed at particular times – we can just take it easy. We have to be back in Cairo on Friday in time to catch our flight back to England.

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Tourism todayPeople have visited Egypt ever since Greek and Roman times, but

modern tourism began when an Englishman, Thomas Cook, arranged the first package tour in 1841. Package tours are holidays arranged by a travel company which include travel, accommodation and sometimes meals for a fixed price.

Mass tourism as we know it today first became popular in the 1960s, when air travel became cheaper, and today tourism is a huge business. Millions of holidaymakers are carried by air to destinations all over the world. Countries on the Mediterranean coast alone attract 100 million tourists every summer!

Countries make a lot of money out of tourism, but there are also disadvantages. For example, every minute of every day, about one hundred Europeans visit Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Their feet wear away the stone floors. The houses waiting for the tourists produce pollution that damages the outside of the building.

During the tourist season, many of the world’s great cities are very difficult to live in. try ordinary food shopping in Prague or Florence in the middle of summer! Tourists with cameras block your way. Shopping is impossible!

For Egypt, tourism is the second most important earner of foreign currency after oil. The tourist industry employs thousands of people such as travel agents, hotel staff and building workers. Egyptian travel agents think that by the year 2017, sixteen million tourists will visit Egypt each year, compared to the nine million who visited in 2006. If this happens, new hotels and roads will have to be built and new parks and resorts will need to be planned.

Five-star hotel opening next summerA large international hotel group has plans to open a five-star

hotel on the outskirts of our town next summer. The manager of the new hotel is now the manager of a small hotel in Greece, but it is believed that between one and two hundred new staff will be needed when the hotel opens. There will be work for accountants, managers, trained cooks, waiters and cleaners.

The new hotel is expected to attract thousands of foreign tourists to our town every year.

Questions and answers105

1-What nationality was Thomas Cook ? * He was English.

2-How do visitors to Notre Dame in Paris damage the building ? * The visitors wear away the floor by walking on it. Also their buses cause pollution which damages the building. 3-How many foreign tourists visited Egypt in 2006 ? * Nine million tourists visited Egypt in 2006.

4-Why do you think package tours became so popular ? * I think package tours became popular because air travel became cheaper.

5-Why do you think so many tourists visit countries on the Mediterranean coasts ? * Because they are warm and sunny with nice beaches and there are mountains nearby too.

6-Why do you think air travel became cheaper ? * I think planes became cheaper and there were more flights.

7-How was tourism before the 1960s different fromtourism today ? * Before the 1960s, tourism was a much smaller industry and took place mostly within a country. Far fewer people traveled to other countries.

8-What are the good and bad effects of cheap air travel ? * Good effects: It provides lots of jobs and it allows many more people to visit more faraway places. * Bad effects: pollution, noise and nuisance to local people.

9-Tourism brings foreign currency into a country. What other advantages are there for a country and its people ? * It provides jobs and helps different peoples around the world to know each other better and know about each other’s cultures.

10-What makes particular tourist destinations popular ?106

Think of three or four reasons. * The weather, the countryside, mountains, historic buildings, beach, food, beautiful scenery, museums and shops.

Language Notes Souvenir تذكارية / ذاكرة ذكري memory / هدية memorial

تذكاري نُُصبwhether .. or not ال أو ..... إذا ● You can choose whether to do this job or not.plan خطة/ plane طائرة / plain واضح / plains سهول try يجرب يحاول / ● He tried to catch the thief, but he couldn't/ ● You should try this salad. It's delicious. try on يقيس ● You can try on this shirt in the fitting room. Have you got anything to declare? عنه؟ تعلن ما لديك هل

الجمارك) (في wear away االستخدام لكثرة نتيجة سمكا أقل ويصبح يتآكل ● The inscription نقوش on the coin معدنية عملة wore away. wear out لالستخدام يصلح وال يبلي ● My boots wore out. I need to buy a new pair. recommend + V-ing / n. ● I recommend sending him an e-mail. recommend someone to + inf. ● They recommended me to consult a lawyer. Encourage + V-ing / n. ● We should encourage reading as it is very useful. encourage + to-inf. ● We should encourage children to read.

استخدام يمكن to+inf . الكلمات بعد : how / what / where ● I haven't decided where to go for my holiday. ● I don't know what to do with my old computer. ● I'd like to know how to operate this machine.

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Business Letterأو رسمية جهة إلي الكترونية رسالة أو رسمي خطاب كتابة عند

: تختلف نستخدمها التي اللغة قان مثال شركةFawzia’s letter to the Cairo Chamber of Commerce

35 Hamdy Street,Faggala,Cairo.17thOct.,2001.

The Cairo Chamber of Commerce,17-24 El Nasr Street,Cairo.

Dear Sir, I am a maker of fashionable ladies’ clothes. I am writing to ask for information about a trade delegation coming from South Africa. I have read in the papers that they are interested in men’s and ladies’ clothes. I would like to have a meeting with this delegation and business companies and shops in Cape Town. I would be glad to send samples of the clothes I make and suggested prices. I look forward to hearing from you in due course. You can contact me by telephone or mobile, on 2856432 or 0102025355.

Yours faithfully,Fawzia Adly.

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The uses of MUST

a) Necessity الضرورة

- You must go to the doctor today. (Present)

- You had to go to the doctor yesterday. (Past)

b) Lack of necessity ضرورة وجود عدم

- You needn’t go to the doctor today. (Present)

- You needn’t have gone to the doctor yesterday. (Past)

c) Prohibition التحريم المنع -

- You mustn’t smoke here. (Present)

- You shouldn’t have smoked here. (Past)

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d) Deduction اإلستنتاج

- My father is not at home. He must be at work. (Present)

- My father was not at home. He must have been at work. (Past)

- My father is at home. He can’t be at work. (Present)

- My father was at home. He can’t have been at work. (Past)

must be X can’t be

must have been X can’t have been

-----------------------------------------------------------

Unit 16Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:1- Luxor and Aswan have always been very ......... with tourists. a) popularity b) popularly c) popular d) population2- The company is looking for a ......... for its new offices. a) site b) seat c) sit d) sound3- Mona suggested ......... out for a walk in the fields. a) to going b) going c) went d) goes4- We lived in a rented ......... before buying this house. a) ship b) hospital c) accommodation d) factory5- The international conference aims at bringing together people from many different......... a) calculations b) cultured c) cultural d) cultures

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6- Shorouk failed to understand the ......... difference between the two theories. a) essentially b) effect c) essential d) estimate7- The children are ......... to be space explorers. a) extending b) pretending c) providing d) supplying 8- The restaurant has a ......... for serving some of the finest food in the country. a) reputable b) listening c) reputation d) hearing9- Two members of the ......... will accompany the students on the school trip. a) stuff b) staff c) stuffy d) stiff

10- The manager of this travel agency always makes sure that customers are getting ......... for money.

a) valuables b) valueless c) value d) valuable

11- The ......... Egyptians built the pyramids and many temples in Luxor and Aswan.

a) young b) ancient c) new d) modern

12- When I was in France, I bought some ......... to remind myself of my visit.

a) prizes b) presents c) gifts d) souvenirs

13- In summer, we go to Alexandria to swim and play on the sandy ………… .

a) beach b) lake c) bank d) coast

14- My father is the manager of a famous travel ......... in Cairo.

a) agenda b) agency c) factory d) agent

15- I live in a ........ street. We don't suffer from noise.

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a) quiet b) quietness c) quite d) quietly

16-The shop assistant's main job is serving the.........at the shop.

a) employers b) customers c) beggars d) customs17- It's important for us to ......... after our customers if we want to win them. a) look b) make c) do d) watch18-The ship ......... north towards Turkey. a) sank b) flew c) drove d) sailed19- The picture was ......... I admired it very much. a) gloomy b) ugly c) fantastic d) boring20-There was a wonderful......... of the mountains from our hotel room. a) sight b) scenery c) seeing d) view21-......... means behave as if something is true when it is not. a) Declare b) Pretend c) Prepare d) Criticise22-The amount of money we spend has increased beyond ......... a) believe b) seeing c) belief d) thinking23- Nesma works for a voluntary ......... helping homeless people. a) organization b) gang c) band d) company24-My friend's ......... has been very strange recently. a) believable b) thoughtful c) behaviour d) seeing25- A/An ......... is someone who travels in a spaceship. a) astrologer b) sailor c) pilot d) astronaut

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26- The burning of coal ......... carbon dioxide and pollutes the air. a) produces b) avoids c) prevents d) introduces27-Luxor and Aswan become crowded during the tourist......... a) season b) class c) month d) week28-A huge rock ......... our way to the entrance of the temple. a) backed b) stopped c) locked d) blocked29-That horse is ......... to control. It is very dangerous. a) good b) impossible c) easy d) possible30-Tourism is considered the second most important ......... of hard currency in Egypt. a) doer b) leader c) visitor d) earner31-The pound is the local ......... in Egypt. a) banknote b) current c) money d) currency32- Many people come to Egypt in summer to enjoy our ......... a) sorts b) lakes c) resorts d) rivers33- Luxor is a popular Egyptian ......... for many visitors to Egypt. a) square b) destination c) direction d) distance34- Sharm El-Sheikh is on the Red Sea ......... a) beach b) wave c) bank d) coast35- The cost of a flight from Europe to Egypt is ......... It will not change until next year. a) mixed b) stand c) fixed d) straight

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

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1- You have to take any more pills. You are quite well now.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2- What sort of accumulation can you rent in this city ?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3- If people find out what you're doing, it will be bad for your repetition.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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4- The teaching crew at school is excellent.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5- She wasn’t really crying; she was only intending.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6- We can live without clothes, but food and drink are essential from the preservation of life.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7- The weather was absolutely fantastically.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8- There is one particularly patient I'd like you to see.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9- We met on a voyage from London to Paris by plane.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10- I'm thinking of applying for a new work.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11- The money has been invested for a mixed period.115

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12- Countries do a lot of money out of tourism.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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UNIT 17Vocabulary:

grow up ينضج distance مسافة

hate يكره stoop يخضع

jungle أدغال achieve يحقق

hatred كراهية

worn-out بالية

author مؤلف achievement إنجاز give way to يسمح

tools أدوات

adults الكبار whether إذا wise حكيم

crowd جمهور

teenager مراهق

exhausted متعب dream يحلم virtue فضيلة

poems قصائد boring ممل master سيد common شائعIndia الهند bored متضا

يقthoughts أفكا

رfoes أعداء

develop يطور notice يالحظ

aim هدف

forgiving غفور

editor رئيستحرير

drop قطرة

triumph ينتصر

pretend يتظاهر

local محلي key مفتاح

disaster كارثة

consist of يتكونمن

garden حديقة amazed مندهش

treat يعامل

verse بيتشعر

successful ناجح lose يفقد impostor نصاب

rhyme قافية

inspire يلهم blame يلوم bear يتحمل

imaginative مبدع

inspiration الهام trust يثق twisted يتلولب

brave شجاع

unforgiving قاسي doubt يشك truth الحقيقة

calm هادي

seconds ثواني allowance تسامح

knave محتال

ideal مثالي

worth يستحق

lie يكذب trap مكيدة

organised منظم

worthless اليستح

ق

deal يتعامل

fool أحمق

sensible مدرك /عاقل

Prepositions and expressions:

grow up ينضج / يكبر deal in صفقة يعملفي

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think of في يفكر deal with مع يتعاملhear of عن يسمع give way to يسمح work for لحساب يعمل common touch مع ودود يكونkeep your head بهدوئه يحتفظ consist of من يتكونblame for علي يلوم dream of بـ يحلمblame on باللوم يلقي

عليfind out about عن يكتشف

lose your head أعصابك تفقد lie to علي يكذبDefinitions

grow up develop from being a child to being an adult.inspiring making someone want to do or achieve something.unforgiving difficult , not kindworth the amount that could be produced in that time.bear bravely accept or deal with a painful or difficult situation.make your head remain calm in a difficult situationlose your head don’t remain calm in a difficult situationmake allowances for consider someone’s behaviour in a kind way because they have a

problem or disadvantagevirtue a good moral quality that someone has,aim what you are hoping to achievefoe enemyworn-out damaged because it has been used so muchimpostor someone who pretends to be someone else

Listening and Reading

Mariam: Have you seen the film, The Jungle book ? It’s about a boy who grows up in the jungle. Soha: I’ve heard of it, but I haven’t seen it. Mariam: It’s a really good story. It was written by an English writer called Rudyard Kipling. I liked the film so much that I decided to read a book about the author. He had an interesting life and wrote children’s books, books for adults and poems. Soha: When did he live?Mariam: He was born in India in 1865.Soha: Did Kipling like India?Mariam: Yes. Growing up in India, he developed a love of the markets and Indian people.Soha: Where did he go to school?Mariam: He went to school in England and became the editor of the school newspaper.

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Soha: When did he start to write books?Mariam: After he returned to India. He worked for a local newspaper, often thinking of stories in the evening.Soha: When did he write The Jungle Book?Mariam: That was a few years later. Kipling married an American woman and they built a large house in the American countryside. He wrote The Jungle Book there in 1894, a year after their first daughter, Josephine, was born. They then had a second daughter and a son. Kipling loved children, and children loved his books!Soha: Did he stay in America?Mariam: No. The family decided to return to England in 1896. They later lived in an old house in England with a big garden. Kipling enjoyed writing there. Writing stories and poems for adults and children, he became very successful.Soha: Which is his most famous poem?Mariam: It’s a poem called "If".Soha: What is it about?Mariam: The speaker in the poem teaches his son what to do and what not to do to become a successful person. Reading the poem, you feel that you want to do well at everything!It’s very inspiring! Shall I read you my favourite part?Soha: Yes, please.Mariam: "If you can fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds’ worth of distance run, Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it!” This means that you should use your time well. If you do this, you can achieve anything.Soha: I’d like to read all of the poem!

IfIf you can keep your head when all about youAre losing theirs and blaming it on you;If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,But make allowance for their doubting too:If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,Or, being lied about, don’t deal in lies,Or being hated don’t give way to hating,And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise;If you can dream – and not make dreams your master;If you can think – and not make thoughts your aim,If you can meet with Triumph and DisasterAnd treat those two impostors just the same:If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken

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Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,And stoop and build’em up with worn-out tools;If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,Or walk with Kings – nor lose the common touch,If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,If all men count on you, but none too much:If you can fill the unforgiving minuteWith sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,And – which is more – you’ll be a Man, my son!

Questions and answers

1-What advice do you think the poem “If” gives you ?a) To be modest and ambitious.b) To trust yourself; to be patient and reliable.c) To make the most of your time and opportunities.d) To be able to talk to and get on with different kinds of people.e) To learn how to keep your head when things are difficult.

2-What should you do when people don’t trust you ? You should trust yourself but understand why they might not trust you.

3-Why do you think that the poem says you shouldn’t look too good ? Because people might think you are trying to show them that you are better or more important than them. 4-Why do you think that dreams shouldn’t be your master? Because dreams don’t always come true. You sometimes have to change your hopes for the future.

5- Do you think that it is important to be able to talk to all kinds of people in life ? Why? Yes , because you can understand things better when you think about many other people’s opinions.

6- What is the message of the poem?

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If you follow the advice, there is nothing that you can’t achieve.

7- Do you find the poem inspiring ? Why / Why not? Yes, I find the poem inspiring because I can imagine myself following this advice and being more successful in life.

8- What kind of person does the poem say that you should be ? The poem suggests that you should possess all of the qualities described by the adjectives: brave , calm , imaginative , kind , strong and understanding. 9- What do you think makes a successful person? Being brave, intelligent, polite. calm , kind, imaginative, patient, helpful, etc.

10- Do you think the advice in the poem is true for people today ? Why ? Why not? Yes, because it gives us advice which can help us to enjoy our life without being worried or being suspicious. It inspires us to do better in the future.

11- Do you think it is possible to be an ideal person ? Why / Why not?Yes, it is possible to be an ideal person because man should have all the good qualities which help him to be ideal.

---------------------------------------Language Notes

hear of = hear about عن من hear from يسمع أخبار يتلقيI haven’t heard of this author before . I haven’t heard from my uncle for a month.

so ( / ظرف ان that ( صفة لدرجةI liked the film so much that I decided to read a book about the author.

think of / about في اآلخرين think of يفكر شعور يراعيCan you think of / about an effective solution to our problem. You should think of your neighbours.

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decide to ان يقررThe family decided to return to England.

Keep your head = keep your cool بهدوئه يحتفظYou should keep your cool / head in difficult situations.

blame ( someone ) for ( something ) شيء علي شخص يلوم blame something on someone علي باللوم يلقيHe blamed her for the noise.He blamed the noise on her.

lie to علي يكذبA true Muslim doesn’t lie to other people.

deal in بـ مع deal with يتعامل يتعاملDon’t deal in lies.How do you deal with others ?

bear تلد ( bore – born ) bear يتحمل ( bore – borne ) Where were you born ? This man is boring, I can’t bear him.

impostor / مدعي محتال knave مخادع / / وغد محتال

common touch = the ability to be friendly الجميع مع ودود تعاملDon’t lose your common touch.

twisted ( changed the meaning ) الكالم يحورHe twisted what I said to defame me.

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Participle Clauses

بـ تبدأ جمل من بدال الفاعل اسم , as نستخدمwhen or and

The subject of the participle clause must be the same as the subject of the main clause

Driving into town, the man saw an accident. = When the man was driving ……….. Walking to the town yesterday, Sara saw two of her school friends. = As Sara was walking … Arriving home late, they found that the door was locked. = When they arrived … The car crashed into a garden, knocking down a tree. = The car crashed into a garden and knocked down a tree. Growing up in India, he developed a love of the markets and the Indian people. = As he grew up in India …The bird flew away, making a very loud noise.= The bird flew away and made ……..He worked for a local newspaper, often thinking of stories in the evening. .= ……..and often thought of stories

More Exampes Writing stories and poems for adults and children, he became very successful. Reading the poem, you feel that you want to do well at everything. Walking up very early, Mike decided to go for a walk in the hills. Reaching the top of the hill, he was amazed by the wonderful view. Taking out his notebook , he began to write a poem.

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Punctutions The hyphen ( - )

شرطة نستخدم فاننا االسم قبل كصفات طويلة عبارات نستخدم عندماقصيرة

worn-out tools a five-year-old girl

a two-and-a half-metre-long pole It is a friendly-looking horse I live in a ten-year-old house .

I have a four-metre-long ladder.

The comma ) , ( بــــ تبدأ جملة بعد و القوائم في .) If, When, After, Although, etc ( تستخدم

Yesterday I bought sugar, cheese, pepper and onions. If you read his poems, you will find them interesting.

The colon ) : ( تعريف أو أمثلة إعطاء عند أو القوائم بداية في تستخدم

Solar eclipse : when the sun disappears from view, either completely or partly, while the moon is moving between it and the Earth

Unit 17Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:

11 - -The Jungle BookThe Jungle Book is a story about a boy who …………. up is a story about a boy who …………. up in the junglein the jungle . .

a) grows b) brings c) makes a) grows b) brings c) makes d) looksd) looks

22 - -I have heard …………. it, but I haven’t seen itI have heard …………. it, but I haven’t seen it.. a) in b) of c) off a) in b) of c) off

d) fromd) from33 - -The Jungle BookThe Jungle Book is ………………… story is ………………… story . .

a) really a good b) a good really c) a really a) really a good b) a good really c) a really good d) really goodgood d) really good

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44 - -The Jungle BookThe Jungle Book was written by an English writer was written by an English writer ……………. Rudyard Kipling……………. Rudyard Kipling . .

a) calling b) was calling c) is called a) calling b) was calling c) is called d) calledd) called

55 - -I liked the film …………. much that I decided to read a book I liked the film …………. much that I decided to read a book about the authorabout the author..

a) so b) such c) too a) so b) such c) too d) veryd) very

66 - -He wrote children’s books, books for ………….. and poemsHe wrote children’s books, books for ………….. and poems.. a) babies b) toddlers c) kids a) babies b) toddlers c) kids

d) adultsd) adults77 - -He became the ………….. of the school newspaperHe became the ………….. of the school newspaper..

a) teacher b) doctor c) editor a) teacher b) doctor c) editor d) articled) article

88 - -Would you prefer to live in a big city or to live in theWould you prefer to live in a big city or to live in the ? .………………… ? .…………………

a) cinema b) countryside c) a) cinema b) countryside c) supermarket d) beachsupermarket d) beach

99 - -The family decided ……………….. to EnglandThe family decided ……………….. to England.. a) to return b) returning c) to being a) to return b) returning c) to being

returned d) returnedreturned d) returned1010 - -I want to do ……………….. at everythingI want to do ……………….. at everything..

a) good b) will c) well a) good b) will c) well d) badd) bad

1111 - -The poem Rudyard wrote was veryThe poem Rudyard wrote was very . ..……………… . ..……………… a) inspiration b) conspiring c) a) inspiration b) conspiring c)

aspire d) inspiringaspire d) inspiring1212 - -It takes about seventeen years for an elephant to growIt takes about seventeen years for an elephant to grow

. ..………………. ..……………… a) up b) down c) about a) up b) down c) about

d) offd) off1313 - -Life in the desert can be very ………………. .It is often Life in the desert can be very ………………. .It is often

extremely hot and dryextremely hot and dry.. a) forgiving b) unforgiving c) a) forgiving b) unforgiving c)

forgiveness d) forgivenforgiveness d) forgiven1414 - -Each year the teacher puts a year’s ……………of paper in Each year the teacher puts a year’s ……………of paper in

the classroom cupboardthe classroom cupboard....125

a) value b) useful c) worth a) value b) useful c) worth d) viewd) view

1515 - -We all wanted to climb a mountain after the We all wanted to climb a mountain after the mountaineer’s talk. It is verymountaineer’s talk. It is very. ..…………… . ..……………

a) invention b) inspiring c) a) invention b) inspiring c) motivation d) modifiedmotivation d) modified

1616 - -I think that this film is too long andI think that this film is too long and. .……………… . .……………… a) interesting b) amazing c) a) interesting b) amazing c)

fascinating d) boringfascinating d) boring1717 - -Fatima is a very ……………. person. She is never unhappy Fatima is a very ……………. person. She is never unhappy

with people for very longwith people for very long.. a) forgiving b) unforgiving c) forging a) forgiving b) unforgiving c) forging

d) forbidd) forbid1818 - -Sometimes stress is so great that we can not ……………… Sometimes stress is so great that we can not ………………

itit.... a) pear b) beer c) beet d) a) pear b) beer c) beet d)

bearbear1919 - -If you are in a tight corner, you should keep yourIf you are in a tight corner, you should keep your. ………… . ………… a) arm b) head c) hand a) arm b) head c) hand

d) nosed) nose2020 - -He makes me furious and I am going to ………… my headHe makes me furious and I am going to ………… my head..

a) miss b) waste c) lose a) miss b) waste c) lose d) getd) get

2121 - -Mr Hesham is a reliable person so you can ……………… Mr Hesham is a reliable person so you can ……………… himhim..

a) confident b) confidence c) trust a) confident b) confidence c) trust d) relyd) rely

2222 - -Can you ………… allowance for their doubting youCan you ………… allowance for their doubting you? ? a) do b) make c) take d) a) do b) make c) take d)

givegive2323 - -A true Muslim can’t tell ………….. . He is honestA true Muslim can’t tell ………….. . He is honest..

a) the truth b) the fact c) the a) the truth b) the fact c) the difference d) liesdifference d) lies

2424 - -If you are going to witness in front of the judge, you will If you are going to witness in front of the judge, you will swear to tell theswear to tell the. ..………… . ..…………

a) lies b) lying c) truth d) falsea) lies b) lying c) truth d) false

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2525 - -Floods, earthquakes, volcanoes and hurricanes are naturalFloods, earthquakes, volcanoes and hurricanes are natural . …………………. …………………

a) good b) goodness c) benefits a) good b) goodness c) benefits d) disastersd) disasters

2626 - -I hate this man because he is anI hate this man because he is an. ..………………… . ..………………… a) impostor b) honest postman c) honourable mana) impostor b) honest postman c) honourable man

d) efficientd) efficient 2727 - -You will have an hour for the test but I will make …………..You will have an hour for the test but I will make …………..

for Tarek as he has been illfor Tarek as he has been ill.. a) allow b) allowance c) acceptancea) allow b) allowance c) acceptance

d) resistanced) resistance 2828 - -The …………. of this lesson is to practise some of the new The …………. of this lesson is to practise some of the new

vocabularyvocabulary.. a) name b) address c) e-mail a) name b) address c) e-mail

d) aimd) aim2929 - -It is a …………. to be kind to peopleIt is a …………. to be kind to people..

a) vice b) virtual c) virtue a) vice b) virtual c) virtue d) ventured) venture

3030 - -The people in the castle used to be the king’s ………… butThe people in the castle used to be the king’s ………… but now they are his friendsnow they are his friends..

a) fairies b) foes c) fools a) fairies b) foes c) fools d) foulsd) fouls

3131 - -I only had …………………. tools which didn’t work very I only had …………………. tools which didn’t work very wellwell..

a) worn-out b) worn-on c) worn-off a) worn-out b) worn-on c) worn-off d) worn-downd) worn-down

3232 - -The writer should be an …………….. person to be able to The writer should be an …………….. person to be able to create new ideascreate new ideas..

a) unimaginative b) imaginary c) a) unimaginative b) imaginary c) fictional d) imaginativefictional d) imaginative..

3333 - -Don’t be so ……………….. . You are wise and you should Don’t be so ……………….. . You are wise and you should be calmbe calm..

a) quiet b) nervous c) nerves a) quiet b) nervous c) nerves d) meekd) meek

3434 .……… - .……… -at the café, I remembered I had left the front door at the café, I remembered I had left the front door openopen . .

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a) Sat b) Sitting c) Sit a) Sat b) Sitting c) Sit d) To sitd) To sit

3535 - -It was difficult to climb the mountain. We felt .............. It was difficult to climb the mountain. We felt .............. when we returned homewhen we returned home . .

a) exhausted b) excited c) a) exhausted b) excited c) relaxing d) interestingrelaxing d) interesting

3636 - -When she learns the …………., she may decide to help usWhen she learns the …………., she may decide to help us . . a) certain b) truth c) true a) certain b) truth c) true

d) rightd) right3737 - -The article was corrected from the …………… and sent The article was corrected from the …………… and sent

back to be rewrittenback to be rewritten . . a) editor b) director c) illustrator a) editor b) director c) illustrator

d) detectived) detective3838 - -Young people often take a lot of .................. from Young people often take a lot of .................. from

watching athleteswatching athletes.. a) discourage b) depression c) a) discourage b) depression c)

despair d) inspirationdespair d) inspiration3939 - -We took the ancient coin to the museum, but they told us We took the ancient coin to the museum, but they told us

it wasit was. ……………… . ……………… a) worthless b) worth c) valuable a) worthless b) worth c) valuable

d) preciousd) precious4040 - -It’s a ……………… -looking horseIt’s a ……………… -looking horse..

a) friend b) friendly c) friendship a) friend b) friendly c) friendship d) friendsd) friendsFind the mistakes in each of the following sentences

then write them correctly:11 - -You become an adult. You have grown down quicklyYou become an adult. You have grown down quickly . .

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22 - -I thought today’s lesson was inspired. I really want to find I thought today’s lesson was inspired. I really want to find out moreout more..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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33 - -It was very difficult to climb the mountains. We felt It was very difficult to climb the mountains. We felt exhausting when we returned homeexhausting when we returned home..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

44 - -When the mouse saw the cat, it became so frightening of When the mouse saw the cat, it became so frightening of the itthe it..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

55 - -Stories about scientists and inventors should conspire our Stories about scientists and inventors should conspire our studentsstudents..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

66 - -Life in the desert is very forgiving because of the hot Life in the desert is very forgiving because of the hot weather and lack of waterweather and lack of water..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

77 - -I think this book is worthless so I will keep itI think this book is worthless so I will keep it..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

88 - -My shoes have become warm out so I should buy another My shoes have become warm out so I should buy another pairpair..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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99 - -My friend is too week to carry this heavy box on his ownMy friend is too week to carry this heavy box on his own..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1010 - -Although he is reach, he pretends that he is in bad need ofAlthough he is reach, he pretends that he is in bad need of moneymoney..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1111 - -I will do an allowance for you because you are a polite I will do an allowance for you because you are a polite personperson..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1212 - -Honesty, kindness, sincerity and truthfulness are good Honesty, kindness, sincerity and truthfulness are good vicesvices..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1313 - -Dickens is the other of Dickens is the other of Oliver TwistOliver Twist..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1414 - -The company dials in computer softwareThe company dials in computer software..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1515 - -She’s imagining and can make a meal of anythingShe’s imagining and can make a meal of anything..

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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UNIT 18Key Vocab:

ban (v. n.) / / منع / يحظر يمنعحظر

demand (n. / v.)

/ الطلب طلب

dependence

اعتماد hunger الجوع

solve يحل reduce يقللrun out (of) / ينتهي يستنفذ oil / الزيت البترولclimate المناخ atmosphe

reالجوي الغالف

carbon dioxide

أكسيد ثانيالكربون

erupt (للبركان) يثور

greenhouse effect

الصوبة تأثير melt / ينصهر يذوب

volcano بركان issue / مسألة قضيةability قدرة permissio

n / / استئذان إذن

سماحpossibility احتمال surprisingl

yالمدهش من

Vocabulary:

air pollution الهواء تلوث factories مصانعshortage نقص get worse أسوأ يصبحclimate change

المناخ تغير generate electricity

الكهرباء يولد

suggestion اقتراح waves أمواجthe wind الرياح globalization العولمةpublic transport

المواصالتالعامة

amount / مقدار كمية

available / متوافر متاح officially رسمية بصورةsevere lack حاد نقص fuel وقودactually الواقع في temperature الحرارة درجة

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produce oxygen

األكسجين ينتج protect the earth

األرض يحمي

individuals أفراد flood فيضانaccept يقبل natural

reasonsطبيعية أسباب

mainly أساسا burn يحرقrainforests المطيرة الغابات homeless / مشرد مأوي بالthe Arctic القطب منطقة

الشماليthe Antarctic القطب منطقة

الجنوبيwind power الرياح طاقة recycling االستخدام إعادةenergy-efficient

في كفاءة ذو الطاقة استخدام

للطاقة / موفر

light bulbs إضاءة مصابيح

mixture خليط heat and light

الضوء و الحرارة

atmospheric conditions

الجوية الظروف sand storm رملية عاصفة

movement الحركة mental skill عقلية قدرةphysical power

بدنية قوة authority سلطة

congestion / ازدحام تكدس threaten يهددmigration الهجرة explode ينفجرmelted rocks منصهرة صخور extreme

weatherمتطرف مناخ

barriers حواجز ice caps جليدية قممcattle الماشية energy =

powerطاقة

convenient / مالئم مناسب final plan نهائية خطةpolitics السياسة genetic

familyوراثية فصيلة

skeleton عظمي هيكل feathers ريشoppose يعارض remain / يظل يبقيreproduce / يعيد يتكاثر

إنتاجlift يرفع

a remarkable discovery

last رائع اكتشاف يستمر

waterfalls مياه شالالت threat تهديد134

food waste الطعام فضالت

Prepositions:

take in / / يخدع يمتص/ يؤوي يفهم

answer to لـ إجابة أو حل

ban … from ..من يمنع allow … to .. بـ يسمحpermit … to .. بـ يسمح prohibit …

from..من يمنع

on account of بسبب demand for علي الطلبincrease by 2 degrees

بمقدار يزداددرجتين

do a project on/about

عن بحث يعد

on a big scale

واسع نطاق علي come out of من يخرج

adapt to = adjust to

علي يتأقلم bring back يعيد

strange to (him)

.. علي غريب make way for لـ الطريق يفسح

melt away يتالشى take down / يسجل يدون

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Words and their antonyms:

accept يقبل reject يرفضsolid صلب liquid سائلfreeze يتجمد melt / ينصهر يذوبrise / ارتفاع يرتفع fall / ينخفض

انخفاضhospitable الضيافة كريم inhospitable مضياف غيرturn up يعلي turn down يخفضbreathe in يستنشق breathe out زفير يخرجavoid يتجنب confront يواجهfaithful مخلص unfaithful مخلص غيرcurable عالجه يمكن incurable عالجه يمكن ال

Listening and Reading

Nadia: The problems in these photos are quite worrying, aren’t they, Azza?Azza: Yes, but they are all problems we can solve.

Nadia: I suppose so, but we’ll only succeed if all the countries of the world work together.Azza: That’s right. Countries can’t do much on their own. Nadia: So what about pollution from traffic in cities?

Azza: Well, there are lots of things we could do. We could ban cars from cities and make people use public transport – you know, trains or buses.

Nadia: There are some places where people can’t use their cars every day of the week. For example, if your car number plate ends in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8, you can only drive it in your city on Mondays, Wednesdays or Fridays.

Azza: That’s a really good idea. If every city in the world did that, we could cut traffic pollution by fifty per cent.

Nadia: And that would help reduce global warming and climate change, wouldn’t it?

Azza: Yes. The other thing we could do is reduce our dependence on fuels like gas and oil, by increasing our use of energy from wind, waves and the sun.

Nadia: But can we do that before we run out of oil ?Azza: Good question. I don’t know, but there are already cars which can use electricity – that will reduce the demand for oil.

Nadia: Personally, I think hunger is the worst problem. I mean, it’s terrible that some people don’t have enough food to eat.

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Azza: I agree, but there’s actually plenty of food in the world. We can feed everyone.Nadia: So we could end world hunger if we thought it was important enough.Azza: I think so, yes.

How hot the earth can get ? Most people now accept the fact that the world’s climate is

changing. But why is this happening and what can we do about it ? Scientists believe that there are a number of natural reasons

for climate change. One could be changes in how much heat we get from the sun. Another could be volcanoes. When a volcano erupts, it sends dust into the atmosphere. This stops some of the sun’s light and can

make our climate cooler . We have also been adding gases like carbon dioxide to the

atmosphere. These greenhouse gases stop heat escaping, which increases the earth’s temperature. This is called the greenhouse effect. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing mainly because we burn fuels such as oil and gas. The fact that we continue to destroy the rainforests (which take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen) makes matters worse. If the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere continues to increase, scientists believe that by 2050, the temperature of the earth’s

surface could go up by 2°C . How will global warming affect the world? It is now known

that the ice at the Arctic and the Antarctic is melting. If this continues, sea levels will rise and some parts of the world will be flooded, making

many people homeless . So what can be done? Countries must stop destroying the

rainforests and produce less carbon dioxide. And, as individuals, we must all reduce the carbon dioxide we produce. This can be done by people using cars only when they have to or by turning down air conditioning in the summer.

Questions with answers:1-What happens when a volcano erupts ? It sends dust into the atmosphere.

2-What is the main reason for the increase in carbon dioxide?

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We are burning fuels such as oil and gas.

3-What is happening to the ice in the Arctic and the Antarctic? It is melting because of global warming.

4-Why do you think the climate is changing more quickly than in the past? Because man is producing more carbon dioxide with cars and factories, and is cutting down rain forests.

5-How do you think we can help people who live in parts of the world

which may flood in the future ? We can build barriers to hold the water out or find them new places to live, but the best way is to stop producing so much carbon dioxide.

6-Should people be worried about climate change? Why/Why not ?

Yes. The ice caps are melting, forests are reducing rapidly and sea levels are rising.

Language Notes plenty of = a lot of (C/U) من كثير There is plenty of food in the fridge. There are plenty of books on the table.by كذا بمقدار أو بنسبة His salary was increased by 10 percent.be busy + V+ing بـ مشغول He was busy doing the

homework. Spend time + V + ing. في الوقت يقضي She spent the afternoon reading a science fiction story. Spend money on .. على المال ينفق She spent most of her money on clothes.

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diary مفكرة He forgot to write the date of the meeting in his diary.

dairy ألبان / معمل األلبان بمنتجات متعلق Milk, butter and cheese are dairy products.

on time = punctual, not late تأخير بدون – المحدد الوقت في The train arrived on time.

in time = early enough / soon enough المناسب الوقت في يكفي بما / مبكرا

He was in time for the 7 o'clock train. in case + أن / بسيط مضارع المحتمل من ألن لُربما ... He wears two watches in case one of them stops. I don't want to go out in case he phones.

Was / were able to Managed to + inf. = Succeeded in + V. + ing

I took my car to the garage this morning, where one of the mechanics managed to repair it. I'd been trying to send that e-mail all day. Finally, I succeeded in sending it at 6 p.m. It was raining and there were no taxis. At last, we were able to arrive home.

.

Modal Verbs: ( can / could ) for ability, possibility and permission.

1- Ability:- He can speak four languages.- I can’t do this alone.- I could swim at the age of six.

2- Possibility:- Some cars can use electricity. (This is possible)

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- We could ban cars from cities. (This would be possible if we wanted it.)

3- Permission:- In some countries, you can drive at the age of 17.- In some big cities, people can’t use their cars everyday.- You can / could borrow my car tomorrow.Note: * Do not use “could” for a particular past ability. Instead, use: “was able to / managed to / succeeded in”.Examples: - I couldn’t ride a bicycle until the age of nine.- Finally, I managed to send the e-mail at six o’clock.

Communication SkillsAsking for permission

Giving Permission

Refusing Permission

May I use your telephone?

Certainly. Sorry, I'm afraid you can't.

Can I use your telephone?

Yes, of course. I'd rather you didn't.

Could I use your telephone?

No problem. Sorry, I'm using it at the moment.

Do you mind if I use your telephone?

Not at all. / No, of course not.

Yes, I do.

I wonder if I could use your telephone.

Sure. I'm sorry you can't.

باستخدام االستئذان عند الرد Do you mind if الحظ Do you mind if I borrow your camera? No, of course not. (Agreeing) Yes, I do. (Disagreeing)

Unit 18

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Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:Choose the correct answer:1 - ......... changes affect the growth of crops. a) Weather b) Climate c) Climatic d) Climatically2- ......... happens when carbon dioxide traps the sun's heat. a) Fossil fuels b) Radiation c) Global warming d) Flood3-All people must agree to .........the amount of pollution. a) reduce b) deduce c) produce d) introduce4-He used a piece of cloth to ......... the ink. a) melt b) absorb c) flow d) smelt5-The price of oil has increased ......... 4 %. a) in b) by c) over d) at6-The world's ......... on oil would be reduced if we used energy from the sun. a) attention b) intention c) dependence d) invention7-To reduce pollution, private cars should be ..... from the city centre. a) fined b) banned c) entered d) put8-Three hundred people in this town are dying of......... everyday. a) hungry b) anger c) hunger d) joy9-There is not much food in Africa to ......... everyone. a) get b) feed c) eat d) earn

10-Traffic ......... should be cut by fifty percent. a) light b) population c) signals d) pollution

11- ......transport should be improved to encourage people to use it.

a) Private b) Public c) General d) Special

12-They ......... their demand for oil to solve the problem of pollution.

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a) raised b) increased c) reduced d) rose

13-Buses and trains are ......... transport. a) private b) special c) public d) general

14-He seemed ......... offended by the comments. a) person b) personal c) personally d) personality

15-Eating too much fat is commonly ......... to cause heart disease.

a) supposed b) fed c) eaten d) produced

16-I asked my father's ......... to join the school journey. a) permit b) planning c) permission d) demand

17-It is an extinct volcano. It has never ......... for many years. a) emitted b) erupted c) blown d) radiated

18-Our soldiers have the ......... to confront any outer aggression.

a) declaration b) disability c) enabled d) ability

19-Using up the world's oil has become a very real......... a) creativity b) possibility c) ability d) production

20-......... dust blocks out the rays from the sun. a) A volcano b) Volcanic c) Volcano d) Volcanoes

21-The water in the kettle boiled and it......... steam. a) emitted b) erupted c) gave d) took

22-If the Arctic glaciers .......... the sea level will rise. a) melt b) smelt c) freeze d) solidify23-The destruction of big .........increases the global warming. a) raincoats b) rainforests c) rainfall d) raindrops

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24-No trees grow in the arctic ......... a) beach b) region c) coast d) bank25-Cars......... gases that cause pollution. a) erupt b) emit c) take d) keep26-The temperature will......... again next week. a) rise b) raise c) arouse d) arise27-Floods and earthquakes are ......... disasters. a) artificial b) road c) natural d) nature28-We should realize that......... gases are harmful to health. a) greenhouse b) greenfly c) greengage d) greenbelt29-Dust from volcanoes, could make the climate ......... a) warmer b) cooler c) hotter d) rainy30-Greenhouse gases stop heat from ......... a) running b) going c) escaping d) trapping31-Burning ......... such as oil and gas increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. a) fruits b) foods c) fools d) fuels32-When ice at the Arctic and the Antarctic ......... sea levels rise. a) emits b) melts c) erupts d) escapes33-A lot of people become ......... as a result of the flood. a) homely b) homeland c) homemakers d) homeless34-Solids turn to ......... at certain temperatures. a) gases b) fuels c) liquids d) metals35-They looked at him with a ........... of horror, envy and hatred.

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a) mixture b) mixer c) mixing d) mix

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly:

1- Popular transport should be cared for.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2- Oil and coal will run over one day.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3- Snow doesn’t mend above sea level.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4- His car broke out on his way home.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5- He is suffering from anger. He didn’t eat anything today.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

6- Plants take in carbon dioxide and give up oxygen.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7- Have you fixed a new number plot on your car?144

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

8- If the air is populated, it becomes unhealthy to breathe.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

9- Personality, I think prices are very high.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

10- We should reduce our independence on fuels like oil and gas.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Review: DExercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:1- If a doctor ………….. an illness, he makes it better. a) cares b) cures c) examines

d) medicines2- Amal ……………….. that she had been ill the day before.

a)said b) told c) asked d) promised

3- If something is ………………, it becomes less. a) increases b) raises c) releases

d) decreases4- She is …………….., she wants to do the cooking. a) determined b) ambitious c) determining

d) exhausted5- Another word for illness is …………….. . a) medicine b) cure c) disease d)

tired6- Salem …………….. that his house was next to the bank.

a)promised b) tole c) asked d) explained

7- …………….. means very quickly. a) Rapidly b) Highly c) Totally

d) Seriously8- She is worried that her illness is ……………. .

a)managed b) safe c) seriously d) serious

9- The teacher …………….. us that we could talk in pairs.a)said b) told c) asked d)

promised10- The …………… had been killing a lot of whales yearly.

a)hunters b) sailors c) captains d) soldiers

11- If you have a stomach ………………, you can see a doctor.a)ash b) ache c) ill d) painful

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12- In the past, doctors couldn’t …………….. the diseases that killed people.

a)examine b) remember c) experiment d) control

13- Huda ………………. that she would give Randa her pen back the next day.

a)begged b) told c) asked d) promised

14- ………….. can stop people getting the diseases at all.a)Vaccinations b) Medicines c) Cures

d) illnesses

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15- Tomorrow, she may be ……………. whales. a)sawing b) looking c) watching d)

playing16- In ten ……………. time, Dina and Maya will be comparing

photographs.a)day b) day’s c) days d)

days’17- When you go to the desert, make ……………. that you

take enough water.a)up b) down c) off d) sure

18- She needs to lose weight to keep …………… .a)fat b) health c) fitness d) fit

19- The ocean around the island is ……………… .a)protected b) preserved c) reserved

d) surrounded20- The only boats that ………….. the whales are the boats

for tourists.a)choose b) share c) dive d)

chase21- Dina said that she …………….. flying to Madeira on

Saturday.a)will be b) would be c) is d)

had22- These are new medicines which help people to live

……………. lives.a)unhealthier b) healthier c) unsafe

d) safely23- People who caught …………… could not catch it again.

a)smallpox b) flu c) cough d) fever

24- He was arrested for taking …………….. of a military camp.a)paintings b) pictures c) shots

d) photographs25- Dina explained that the ocean around the island

…………… protected.

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a) is b) will be c) had d) was

26- People ……………… serious diseases have already decreased.

a)fighting b) catching c) missing d) losing

27- The ………….. is known as the king of the forest.a) lion b) camels c) giraffe d)

elephants28- ……………… are very intelligent and often friendly

towards humans.a)Lions b) Elephants c) Pigeons

d) Dolphins29- Maya said that it ………………….. nice to see dolphins.

a)would be b) will be c) is d) were

30 – The ………….. is an animal used in deserts for riding on or carrying goods.

a)camel b) lion c) giraffe d) dolphin

31- Dina said that Maya …………….. show her photos of her cousin’s house.

a)can b) could c) will d) had

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32- The …………… is a large African animal with two tusks and a long nose called trunk.

a) lion b) giraffe c) elephant d) whale

33- …………… land produces plenty of good crops.a)Weak b) Poor c) Organic d)

Fertile34- Try to reduce the …………… of fat in your diet.

a)mount b) plenty c) amount d) quality

35- You should eat …………… of fish. It has a lot of protein.a)plenty b) lot c) several d)

number36- Maya said that that ………………. a good idea.

a) is b) will be c) was d) can be

37- Genetically ………….. crops are needed to avoid future famines.

a)modifier b) modifying c) modified d) modifies

38- When people lived in one place, they learned to ……………. crops.

a)yield b) collected c) grow d) grow up

39- In the year 2100, people will probably …………….. harder that now.

a)working b) work c) be worked d) be working

40- Moby Dick is a ……………. which attacked Ahab’s ship on his last voyage.

a)shark b) crocodile c) whale d) scorpion

41- Africa is the second largest of the world’s …………….. .a)countries b) islands c) contents

d) continents42- Before I answered the phone, I …………… three calls.

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a)received b) have received c) had been receiving d) had received

43- Young people should be …………… against bad ideas.a) informed b) determined c) protected

d) armed44- She ……………. at that company for three years when she

retired.a) had worked b) had been working c) has

been working d) will be working45- Most of our luxury goods are imported from …………… .

a)aboard b) board c) abroad d) ashore

46- The ……………… is a large African animal with a very long neck and long legs.

a) lion b) giraffe c) elephant d) whale

47- The captain and his …………… went whaling in the ocean.a)staff b) crew c) employees d)

group48- He said he ………….. his brother to the airport then.

a) is taking b) will take c) was taking d) takes

49- All my dreams will someday ………….. true.a)make b) come c) realise d)

change50- A heart attack causes chest …………….. .

a)headache b) pain c) heart d) stomachache

Find the mistakes in the following sentences and write them correctly:

1- I’ll probably be worked in Cairo in 2030.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2-He wondered what the repair of the machine costs.151

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-Nour said that he will see his uncle the following week.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-Nadia explained that she is sorry as she couldn’t come to my party.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5-My clothes were dirty as I had worked in the garden all morning.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6-Some people don’t like to eat food that has been genetically operated.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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7-Don’t jump into the river or you might down.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8-I asked Mona what she had been doing yesterday.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9-When you meet me tomorrow, we will do shopping.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10- By the time I was 16, father taught me to drive a car.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11- My parents may not working any more in 2030.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12- At noon tomorrow, I would be relaxing on a beach somewhere.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13- We became ill because the vegetables have been washed in dirty water.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………153

14- The influenza of this cake include fruit and eggs.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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15- Rami’s text message said that he has arrived safely.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16- He wrote nothing important expect a short story.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17- A storm hit the Perquod and a sailor fail to his death.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18- Modern farms do more money than organic farms.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19- My cousin, who’s family lives in America, will visit us for a few weeks.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20- Egypt is making process on the way to strong economy.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Review: EExercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes :

Choose the correct answer:1- Mona is very …………… about her new school. a) interesting b) tiresome c) boring

d) excited2- Ramy feels ………………. if he can not go online.

b)interested b) depressed c) satisfied d) pleased

3- I am feeling ………………. after my holiday. a) relaxed b) stress c) depressed

d) boring4- For your own ………………, please, do not smoke inside the

plane. a) security b) fitness c) safety d)

healthy5- Nagy is always ……………….. of heights. a) hate b) terrified c) worry d)

fear6- He has enjoyed gardening since he ………………. .

a)resign b) gave up c) quit d) retired

7- Plane ……………… are very well trained. a) crews b) staffs c) troops d)

engines8- Travelling ……………… is the most dangerous form of

transport.a)on b) by c) in d) with

9- Famous people feel their ………………. car is violated by the press.

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a)private b) privacy c) special d) speciality

10- The bright light ……………… her to blink.a)made b) let c) caused d)

result11- Health …………….. say that eating raw meat may cause

you stomach trouble.a)engineers b) experts c) specialist

d) professional12- The nurses helping surgeons must be …………….-trained.

a)good b) well c) will d) better13- All fans were upset, but ……………. M.Salah managed to

score a goal.a)firstly b) at least c) eventually

d) last14- Student should take every ………………….. to widen their

experience.a)proportion b) opportunity c) quantity

d) capacity

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15- I’m ………………… worried that the weather might be bad during my journey.

a)mighty b) lightly c) slight d) slightly

16- Ola Latif is a …………………. looking into air safety.a)researcher b) research c) searcher

d) search17- Flying is one of the safest forms of ………………. .

a)transplant b) transmit c) transfer d) transport

18- One in 20,000 people ……………… in an air accident.a)die b) kill c) live d) survive

19- Sara was feeling ………………. about her first flight.a)trouble b) worrying c) nervous

d) fair20- Bad ……………. does not always cause air accidents.

a)climate b) weather c) atmosphere d) wind

21- Haggard is my …………………. writer. His stories take me into another world.

a)select b) favour c) prefer d) favourite

22- Vincey refuses to walk ………………. the fire because he doesn’t believe what Ayesha says.

a)through b) on c) between d) among

23- Ayesha was beautiful but not kind; people were …………….. of her.

a)angry b) fear c) afraid d) frightening

24- She is worried …………….. exams at school the next day.a)at b) about c) by d) on

25- The children were very …………….. when they saw the lion.

a) frightened b) delighted c) angry d) fear

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26- Samir wanted to know how safe …………….. those days.a)flying is b) was flying c) flying was

d) is flying27- Sara wanted to know why she ……………… so nervous.

a) felt b) feels c) did feel d) will feel

28- Yasser asked what ……………. do about feeling nervous.a)he can b) could he c) can he

d) he could29- The picture on the television is very dark, could you

change the …………. ?a)outbreak b) light c) brightness

d) burn30 – I told my friend that I ……………. to see my

grandparents.a) ‘d been b) am c) will be

d) have been31- Don’t use water if there is a fire in ………………

equipment.a)extinguisher b) economy c)

education d) electrical

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32- I ……………… that they lived in a small village in the country.

a)said b) asked c) told d) wondered

33- My friend asked me how often …………….. them.a) I see b) saw I c) I saw d) did I

see34- The …………… of social networking sites increases every

year.a)popular b) popularity c) position

d) possible35- Hasan asked his friend why he ……………… so quickly.

a) is walking b) walk c) walking d) was walking

36- I’m looking ……………… a mobile phone number.a) for b) about c) into d)

after37- I haven’t heard ……………. him for ages.

a)of b) at c) from d) out38- I’m terrible ………………. remembering phone numbers.

a) in b) at c) of d) out39- You could try his work number. He works ……………….

the City Bank.a)by b) on c) with d) at

40- She applied …………….. the job last week and started on Monday.

a) for b) of c) in d) to41- He wasn’t keen …………….. his old job.

a) in b) on c) of d) about42- The answer …………….. the pollution problem is to have

fewer buses.a)to b) on c) of d) at

43- Mozart’s music still enjoys popularity ……………… audiences.

a)to b) on c) with d) at44- It was very nice ……………… you to do the shopping for

me.160

a) of b) with c) from d) to45- What do you think is the best solution ………………. the

problem.a)of b) with c) to d) in

46- I wouldn’t go there alone if I ……………… you.a)had been b) were c) would be

d) have been47- If you leave ice in the sun, it ………………. to water very

quickly.a)turned b) will turn c) turns d)

would turn48- I’ll tell Ali you are looking for him if I …………….. him.

a)saw b) had seen c) will see d) see

49- If you …………….. me, I wouldn’t have seen the car coming towards me.

a)wouldn’t warn b) warned c) hadn’t warned d) didn’t warn

50- You …………… be able to climb quickly if you take a lot of equipment with you.

a)won’t b) wouldn’t c) could d) might

Find the mistakes in the following sentences and write them correctly:

1-Eating is a biological necessary.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2-Grandpa is a retried heart surgeon.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-Saad is a profession photographer.

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-You should apply to this job. You would be good at it.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5-The moment the plane takes off, she feels nerve.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6-All fights to Dubai are delayed due to bad weather.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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7-She felt lonely and depress after her husband’s death.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8-Although he made well in the exam, he failed it.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9-When I was your old, there weren’t jobs to choose from.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10- If I knew you were going to the match yesterday, I would have gone with you.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11- The high of Mount St Catherine is about 2,600 metres.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12- Father asked me what I am doing then.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13- She wanted to know weather I had a car or not.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………163

14- He applied to a new job.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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15- Sara is angry from Huda who broke her mobile.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16- Our neighbours complained from the noise we made.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17- I wouldn’t mind driving if I have a licence.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18- If you guide me, I will be quite at a loss.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19- A stranger asked me where the station is.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20- He eventual decided to buy the green car.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Review: FExercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:1- One of the reasons for climate change is the growing

human …………….. . a) accommodation b) destination c)

crowd d) population2- They took the train to its final ……………… .

a) destination b) destiny c) end d) location

3- Package tours include travel and ……………… . a) destination b) estimation c) shelter

d) accommodation4- I bought a new car. It was really good ……………….. for

money. a) investment b) value c) valuable d)

income5- We must help animals and plants to ……………….. to

climate change. a) adapt b) adopt c) condition d)

adjust6- Tourists buy …………………. from Khan Elkhalili.

a) prizes b) souvenirs c) awards d) prices

7- The King of Bhutan wants to keep its ………………. culture. a) traditional b) tradition c) custom

d) costumes8- …………….. learning gives people more active minds and

more confidence.a) Longlife b) Lifelong c) Long live d) Livelong

9- It’s essential for our ……………….. that we look after tourists well.

a) geography b) history c) reputation d) culture

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10- Encourage students to take an …………….. part in discussions.

a) protective b) energetic c) lovely d) active

11- Digital cameras make great ………………. easy for everyone.

a) pictures b) photos c) archaeology d) photography

12- You need to be ……………. to do a language course.a) attacked b) discouraged c) motivated d) attracted

13- The new team captain soon won the ……………….. of the players.

a) confident b) confidence c) game d) sport

14- It is impossible to understand the nature of the human …………….. .

a) system b) mind c) ideas d) think

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15- My colleague is ……………… a course after work. a) making b) working c) doing d) employing

16- It is not easy to find job …………….. nowadays.a) opportunities b) shops c) interviewers d) market

17- We can have time ……………. work in the spring.a) of b) at c) by d) off

18- There are many tourist villages on the Mediterranean ………….. .

a) coast b) valley c) bank d) ashore

19- It is known that Alexandria has a lovely …………….. all over the year.

a) sky b) atmosphere c) climate d) earth

20- ……………. want employees who are keen to learn more skills.

a) Candidates b) Applicants c) Staff d) Employers

21- To improve their skill, companies send ………………… on courses.

a) employees b) employers c) consumers d) students

22- We can’t go …………….. holiday in June as we are at school.

a) to b) in c) on d) at23- I want to ………………… my work diary to know when I am

free.a) learn b) shake c) dial d) check

24- Most people prefer to …………….. their holidays in the summer.

a) take b) do c) make d) talk25- The desert in Africa is an ……………….. place in summer.

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a) forgiving b) unforgiving c) unknown d) familiar

26- The woman is ……………….. that Egypt might be too hot.a) pleased b) worried c) happy d) excited

27- Before Stewart makes his plans, he will ask ………………. from his manager.

a) possibility b) ability c) permission d) agree

28- She is going on a …………….. tour because it is usually cheaper.

a) solo b) package c) packing d) picking

29- Mr and Mrs Ibrahim have not ……………….. England for a long time.

a) been to b) gone c) going d) depart

30 – They can’t ………………. holiday in June as their children are still at school.

a) go off b) go away c) go in d) go on

31- We’re going to …………….. our best clothes for the family party.

a) dress b) wear c) put off d) costume

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32- My father has been an ………………, a teacher and a businessman.

a) account b) accountancy c) accountant d) accounting

33- The people got out of their chairs to ………………. the speaker.

a) share b) cheer c) check d) speak

34- We had a fantastic holiday. We …………….. swimming, walking and sailing.

a) did b) played c) made d) went

35- If you want to go to Jordan for a holiday, you ………….. fly or go by boat.

a) need b) mustn’t c) can d) can’t

36- We …………… to go to school tomorrow. It’s a public holiday.

a) don’t have b) couldn’t c) need d) mustn’t

37- You ……………. stay at home on a school day unless you’re ill.

a) can b) must c) don’t have to d) can’t

38- I …………… revise for the English test. It’s really important that I pass.

a) need b) must c) don’t need to d) mustn’t

39- You ……………… use your mobile phone while you’re driving. It’s very dangerous.

a) don’t have to b) needn’t c) must d) can’t

40- We ………….. all turn down our air conditioning in the summer.

a) could b) can to c) have to d) must to

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41- In Britain, you …………….. take your driving test until you’re 17 years old.

a) can b) must c) can’t d) could42- You ………….. wear anything special for the party, but

you can if you want.a) mustn’t b) needn’t c) can’t d) have to

43- ………….. home early, Nadia helped her mother get lunch ready.

a) Arrival b) Arriving c) Arrived d) Arrive

44- …………… down the road, Rami fell over and hurt his back.

a) To run b) Run c) Running d) Ran45- Not ……………. the meaning of the word oar, Hatem

asked his teacher.a) knowing b) to know c) know d) known

46- We …………… enter this street because it’s blocked.a) can b) can’t c) could d) couldn’t

47- ………….. hungry, he went into the kitchen and opened the fridge.

a) Feeling b) Felt c) Feel d) To feeling

48- He ……………. speak fluent French when he was 5.a) able to b) can c) could d) was able

49- …………….. up her room she found some old photos.a) Tidy b) Tidying c) To tidy d) Tidied

50- The burglar ……………. get in through the bathroom window.

a) was able to b) could c) able to d) managed

Find the mistakes in the following sentences and write them correctly:

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1-The English course is good valuable for money.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2-Sinai is a tourist arrival to many ecotourists.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-Children adopt very easily to new environments.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-When tourists visit Egypt, they buy memories.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5-You have to be fit if you want an acted mind.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6-She studied computed at college.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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7-We booked a cheap packet tour to Siwa.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8-We specialized in black-and-white photograph.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9-People in Bhutan usually wear tradition clothes.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

10- The price for the holiday includes travel and accommodate.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11- You needn’t to buy any fruit. We’ve got plenty.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12- People must drive too fast in the city centre.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13- I wasn’t a good tennis player but I can beat my rival.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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14- You must pay the money now. You can pay it next week.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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15- Not feel well, I didn’t go to school.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16- Walk home, I met an old friend.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17- It is terrible that hungry is still a problem in many countries.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18- Engineers need repair the broken bridge immediately.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19- When Nour was eight, he can ride a bike.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20- The teacher split the class into two groups, give each group a job.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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