Booklet Part III - How to Make Money From Waste

8/6/2019 Booklet Part III - How to Make Money From Waste

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Composed and Published by:

Water Supply & Sanitation Programme (WSSP) inBinh Dinh Province, Vietnamhttp://binhdinhwssp.wordpress.com/

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in BinhDinh Province, Vietnam
http://binhdinhwssp.wordpress.com/http://binhdinhwssp.wordpress.com/


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FOREWORD

The Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (WSSP) in BinhDinh Province aims to improve the quality of life of thepopulation in 6 districts of Binh Dinh Province (Phu Cat, PhuMy, Tuy Phuoc, Tay Son, An Nhon and Hoai Nhon) through theprovision of efficient facilities for both irrigation and drinkingwater as well as solid waste management.

Awareness-raising is one of the main components of thisproject. To increase knowledge on solid waste management,

the project has chosen to develop a third booklet on 'Howto make money from Solid Waste?' This willimprove the knowledge and perception of the communityabout the importance of solid waste, and more important,about the profit that could be made and costs that can be

saved from solid waste.

Although certain knowledge and concepts might be unfamiliarto some people, the authors made very short and simpleexplanations which are accompanied by various pictures tointrigue the readers and to convince people about theimportance of a well overthought solid waste managementplan.

We would like to thank all persons who contributed to thecompletion of this edition. On this occasion, we would also liketo express our gratitude and appreciation to all the people whohave been very cooperative during our field work.

Thanks!


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Already appeared in this serie:

Part I: What is Solid Waste?

Part II: What to do with Solid Waste?Part III: How to make money from Solid Waste?

For the digital versions:http://binhdinhwssp.wordpress.com/
http://binhdinhwssp.wordpress.com/http://binhdinhwssp.wordpress.com/


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1. INTRODUCTION

In Vietnam, we are throwing away money in bins anddumpsites every day in the form of waste that could bereused, recycled or even sold. You wouldn't throw cash inthe bin, so why would you throw away valuablecommodities?

First, we need to reduce our waste through lessconsumption, less packaging, more care in theproduction process etc.

Second, we need to separate our waste at the source.Let's look at the composition of the garbage bin in BinhDinh Province. Studies of the project revealed that thehousehold waste in the province can be divided in three

categories: biodegradable waste, non-biodegradablewaste and recyclables.


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Biodegradable waste takes up about 60% of themunicipal solid waste in Vietnam, so we dedicate themajority of this booklet to the treatment of organic waste.

Non-biodegradable waste on the other hand is mainlywaste that will be send to the sanitary landfill. This type ofwaste will rather cost you money (through collection andtransportation fees), than make profit for you. For thisreason, we have to reduce this type of waste as much aspossible.

We must ensure that all these fractions of solid waste areseparated at the source. Each type of solid wasteneeds its own treatment. Allowing the different types ofwaste to be in the same bin, will drastically reduce thecosts you could save or the money you could make.

It's for you own good (and your own money) to separate

your waste at the source!


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2. HOW TO MAKE MONEY FROM YOUR

WASTE?

2.1. Recyclable and Reusable Waste

2.1.1 Separation at source

Follow these steps:

Separate Reusables and Recyclables from theother waste at the source.

Separate the Reusables from the Recyclables.Reusables are the ones that do not need anytreatment and can be reused immediately, whilerecyclables will need treatment before being soldagain as a new product.

Separate the different fractions of recyclable waste (e.g.plastic, paper, cardboard, metal, glass...)


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2.1.2. How to make money or save costs fromrecyclable waste?

ReusablesSome materials can easily be reused (e.g. one-sideprinted paper, plastic bottles, repair broken furniture orsell old clothes) without treatment or other steps. Youcan reuse these materials yourself or you can sell themon the streets or to friends and relatives to make someextra money.

RecyclablesThe recycling business in Vietnam already works quitewell because there is money to make. Scavengers arethe ones that collect the recyclables and bring them torecyclable companies or middle-men.

By empowering these scavengers, expanding the scope

of their activities and maximizing their profitability, a lot ofwaste can be diverted from the landfill (and thus makesyou save many collection and transportation costs!).

Scavengers collecting recyclables in Vietnam


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2.1.2. How to make money and save costs frombiodegradable waste?

In Binh Dinh Province, there are several usefulmethods on how to deal with your biodegradable waste.Each method accounts for a specific type of waste. Hereyou find an easy-to-follow table on three methods:

All food waste, including a small amount of non-foodwaste:

Household and/or community based storageand reduction bins (1)

Food waste

Re-feeding model with animals (2)

Non-food waste:

Composting (3)

(1) Household or community based mesophilic bins)

What? Mesophilic storage bins arebrick storage bins in which thevolume and weight of biodegradablewaste is reduced by natural processes

(bacteria, fungi, larvae or worms).These bins have aeration holes on thesides, as the mesophilic bacteria andfungi require oxygen.

Which Waste? All kinds of biodegradable waste,including food preparation waste (nut, fruit, vegetables,


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seeds, peelings, eggshells, poultry, meet or fish), tablescraps and bouquets of flowers. However, only smallamounts of garden waste (large amounts should be

composted) should go in this bin.

How?The mesophilic storage bins can be set up in everyhousehold or community. They are very easy to use,only a certain amount of stirring is required (once a week)and the bin needs to be cleaned out once a year. Thelasting content can then be collected, shredded and fedto red worms or used as an organic fertiliser.

In Binh Dinh Province, tests have shown that the BlackSoldier Fly (BSF) Larvae is present. This larvae canreduce the amount of biodegradable waste in your bin ina very short period of time. These larvae are some of themost voracious eaters within the natural world as theycan effect as much as 20-fold reduction in the weight and

volume of food waste in a period of less than 24hours.

BSF Larvae in Binh Dinh Province


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(2) Re-feeding to animals

What? The most economical wayto deal with food waste is to feed itto animals while it is still fresh.

Which Waste?Only food waste can be used as animalfeed. Furthermore, the food waste should be fresh. Onceit starts to decompose, it should not be used as food foranimals anymore.

How? To avoid disease transmission, the food wasteshould be cooked for 2 hours before feeding to theanimals. If you are a farmer, you can use your own foodwaste. If not, you can make informal or formal

arrangements concerning waste separation andcollection with markets, households or restaurants.

Benefits:

If you are a farmer, feeding kitchen waste ischeaper than feeding commercial feed. PigFarming for example with commercial feed is notalways profitable because of high feed cost, but a

farm using food waste will always be profitable. If you are not a farmer: you divert a lot of waste

away from the garbage can, you reduce the costsfor collection and transport and you reduce thelandfill waste.


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(3) Composting

What? Under the influence of

water, air and heat,biodegradable non-food waste(and a small amount of foodwaste) can form compost. Thiscompost is to be used asenhancer of soil quality.

Which Waste?Composting is seen as the best solutionforall biodegradable non-food waste, such as leaves,grass clippings, garden plants, weeds, hay, flowers, woodash, tea leaves, shredded paper. Further, some smallamount of kitchen waste is adviced such as vegetablesand fruit scraps, eggshels or table scraps. Do notcompost meat, bones, fish waste or diseased plants.

How? Composting does not happen at the householdlevel in Binh Dinh Province because there is a lot ofwaste that has to be shredded before it can becomposted. One household will not have enough wasteto justify the purchase or rental of a shredder.

The best way to deal with this in Binh Dinh Province is for

scavengers to collect this type of waste, shred it andcompost with Top Tex Fleece at a small decentralisedfacility.


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Benefits:

You divert a lot of waste away from the garbagecan.

You reduce the costs for collection and transport You reduce the landfill waste.

You are creating rich humus for lawn and garden.This adds nutrients to your plants and helps retainmoisture in the soil.

You can sell this compost.

Composting with Top Tex Fleece


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3. CONCLUSION

Solid Waste in Vietnam can be divided into three broadcategories: biodegradable waste, non-biodegradablewaste and recyclables. In order to be able to makeprofit out of your waste, it is extremely necessary toseparate your waste at source. Each type of wasteneeds its own treatment. There does not exist a single

technology or magic bullet that will do the job for all yourwaste.

Biodegradable Waste takes up about 60% of themunicipal waste, which is the reason why we devoted alarge part of this booklet to the different treatments of thisgroup. On top of this, there is great potential in this groupto make a lot of money and/or save many costs.

The models proposed in this booklet - Mesophilic bins,biopod, re-feeding to animals and composting - are ofgood use in Binh Dinh Province. Each model has itsadvantages, disadvantages and specific way oftreatment. Follow these steps and you will make your citya cleaner place. In case you are not sure which model isbest for you waste, do not hesitate to contact us for moreinformation.


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My Waste,

My Responsibility

Documents

Booklet Part III - How to Make Money From Waste