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Book ReviewJ. G. M. VOSPublished online: 28 Jun 2010.

To cite this article: J. G. M. VOS (1996) Book Review, Biocontrol Science andTechnology, 6:4, 627-628, DOI: 10.1080/09583159631262

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583159631262

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Biocontrol Science and Technology (1996) 6, 627± 628

Book Review

Integrated Pest Management in the TropicsA. N. MENGECH, K. N. SAXENA & H. N. B. GOPALAN (Eds), 1995

Wiley, Chichester

There are clear indicatio ns that pesticid e use in tropica l countrie s, particul arly Africa , is

increasing rapidly . The role of integrat ed pest management (IPM) in tropica l agriculture is less

well known. This book contain s three review papers on the curren t status and prospec ts for IPM

in the tropica l region s of Africa , Asia and South America. The book is conclud ed by an executive

summary with observat ions and recommendation s about the adaptation and implementatio n of

IPM region by region .

The firs t chapte r on IPM in Africa by O. Zethner focuse s on IPM as a strategic management

approach. The chapte r starts with an overvie w of the curren t African farming situation . Although

pesticid e usage in Africa is still low as compared to other continen ts, use is increasing rapidly ;

a growth of 200% during the period 1988±93, agains t 40% in South America and less than 25%

in Asia. The descript ion of IPM activitie s in Africa shows that most work on IPM is carried out

in project s funded by internati onal donors . Examples are given of IPM project s on food crops in

severa l countrie s: cotton in the Sudan , coffee in Kenya, cocoa in Ghana and on tsetse fly contro l

for livestock. Unfortuna tely , adoptio n of IPM by farmers appears to be hampered due to the lack

of prope r contro l methods agains t major pests, labou r shortag es, government promotion of

chemical control , economic constraints. Attentio n is needed for the nationa l agricultural research

and extensio n systems and their role in the dissemination of IPM components that are the result

of IPM work at internat ional agricultural research centres .

The second chapter on IPM in Asia by A. K. Raheja shows success ful adoption of IPM by

farmers in severa l Asian countrie s. An excellen t overvie w of nationa l policie s on IPM, consump-

tion of pesticid es and pesticid e legislati on in selecte d countries is given. The status of IPM for

rice, vegetab les, cotton, sugar cane , and fruit and plantati on crops is describe d, showing that most

IPM programmes are focused on alternati ve insect pest contro l techniques. The success story of

rice IPM in Indonesi a gives an illustrati on of how IPM can substant ially benefi t farmers,

consumers as well as the government. Special attentio n is paid to IPM in India, where the

Ministry of Agricultu re has established 25 IPM centre s operated by the centra l government, and

to IPM in China, where 1800 station s monito r pest incidence and advise farmers on plant

protecti on measures . It is conclud ed that there is still a need for develop ment of IPM and that

initiativ es need to come from researchers and policy-makers continuously .

The third chapter on IPM in South America by C. Campanhola, G. J. de Moraes and L. A. N.

de Sa starts with an agricultural overview and trends in pesticid e use. Use of herbicides is on the

rise due to a rural exodus in many countries. Nationa l agricultural research instituti ons,

agricultural college s and local government research systems generall y dominate IPM activitie s.

IPM programmes for alfalfa , citrus, cotton , soy bean , sugar cane , tomato, wheat, ornamentals and

livestoc k are described in variou s countrie s. Bottlenec ks in the widespread adoptio n of IPM

programmes are the lack of training for IPM workers , the lack of multi-disc iplinary working

patterns , the prevalence of illiterac y in the rural areas, the deferment of immediate payment for

the overuse of natura l resource s by growers. It is expected that in respons e to the pressur e from

society , chemicals most aggressi ve to the environ ment and toxic to humans will be banned

0958±3157/96/040627±02 $7.50 Ó 1996 Journals Oxford Ltd

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BOOK REVIEW628

through restricti ve environ mental laws. Meanwhile , the develop ment of alternati ve pest contro l

methods will become increasingly important .

In the executive summary, the genera l observat ions on the status of IPM in the tropics include

a list of major constraints to the adoptio n of IPM consisti ng of technical, instituti onal, economic,

social , legislati ve and educational problems. Twenty-two genera l recommendation s are given for

the develop ment and spread of IPM, to the attention of governments as well as research ,

extension and donor agencie s. The book shows that, despite the commonly known advantages of

using IPM strategie s, implementation of IPM programmes is still limited in the reviewed regions .

One of the major conclusi ons is that IPM must evolve from a primarily pesticide-centred

approach to a more sophisti cated biologic ally intensive management system. It is hoped that this

book will be useful to agriculturists , environmentalists , policy-makers and IPM practitioners.

J. G. M. VOS

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