Book of Abstracts The First International Symposium on Tropical and

Book of Abstracts

The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals

7-9 March 2016

Aonang Naga Pura Resort & Spa, Krabi, Thailand

Organized by

Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

and

International Society for Horticultural Science: ISHS

In collaboration with

Department of Agricultural Extension and

Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

Kasetsart University

Suratthani Rajabhat University

Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization)

Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden

and

Thailand Convention & Exhibition Bureau

Cover Background: An illustration of Paphiopedilum exul (as syn. Cypripedium exul) by Matilda Smith (1854-1926), lithographed by J. N. Fitch (1840–1927) in Curtis's Botanical Magazine vol. 122 (Ser. 3 no. 52) pl. 7510 and described by Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817—1911) from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Paphiopedilum_ exul_(as_Cypripedium_exul)_-_Curtis'_122_(Ser._3_no._52)_pl._7510_ (1896).jpg Water color of Paphiopedilum exul: Sunitsorn Pimpasalee Water color illustration copyright: Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Citation: Panvisavas, N., Thammasiri, K. & Paull, R. E., (Eds). (2016). Book of Abstracts: The First

International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals. Krabi, Thailand: Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University.

COMMITTEE

International Advisory Committee

R. A. Criley, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA M. Serek, Leibriz University of Hannover, Germany

H. W. Pritchard, Kew Gardens, Wakehurst, UK S. J. Pei, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China

C. Long, Minzu University of China, China M. Koshioka, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan

F. C. Chen, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan S. M. Khasim, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh, India

T. W. Yam, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore S. Lwin, Myanmar Floriculturist Association, Yangon, Myanmar

Irawati, Bogor Botanical Gardens, Indonesia R. Go, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

National Advisory Committee President of Mahidol University

President of Kasetsart University Director General of Department of Agricultural Extension

Director General of Department of Agriculture Dean of Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

Dean of Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University Head of Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

President of the Botanical Society under the Royal Patronage of Her Majesty the Queen Director of Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden

S. Kanlayanarat, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi W. Nanakorn, The Crown Property Bureau

L. Kaveeta, Kasetsart University

Convener K. Thammasiri, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Scientific Committee

K. Thammasiri, Chairman, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand N. Panvisavas, Vice Chairman, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

P. Umpunjun, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand A. Pichakum, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand T. Jenjittikul, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

N. Chuenboonngarm, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand S. Swangpol, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand U. Viboonjun, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand W. Songnuan, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand P. Traiperm, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

A. Uthairatanakij, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand S. Lekawatana, Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangkok, Thailand

P. Kongsawadworakul, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand D. Clark, University of Florida, USA S. Fukai, Kagawa University, Japan

R. Kamenetski, The Volcani Center, Israel

Organizing Committee K. Thammasiri, Chairman, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

P. Umpunjun, Vice Chairman, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand A. Pichakum, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand T. Jenjittikul, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand S. Swangpol, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

W. Songnuan, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand P. Traiperm, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

S. Sriwanngarm, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand A. Muengkrut, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

L. Wiparatanakorn, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand C. Klaipuengsin, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand S. Soontornyard, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

S. Samala, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Suratthani, Thailand S. Yenchon, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla, Thailand C. Pumhirun, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand

P. Naka, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand T. Suwanaro, Department of Agricultral Extension, Bangkok, Thailand S. Rodpradit, The Botanical Garden Organizaton, Chiangmai, Thailand

N. Chuenboonngarm, Secretary, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand N. Panvisavas, Assistant Secretary, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

P. Kongsawadworakul, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand U. Viboonjun, Assistant Secretary, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Editors

N. Panvisavas, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand K. Thammasiri, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

R. E. Paull, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA

Editorials Boards P. Umpunjun, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand A. Pichakum, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand T. Jenjittikul, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

N. Chuenboonngarm, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand S. Swangpol, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand U. Viboonjun, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

P. Kongsawadworakul, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand P. Traiperm, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

W. Songnuan, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand K. Obsuwan, Silpakorn University, Nakornpratom, thailand

U. Meesawat, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla, Thailand N. Jitsopakul, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin, Thailand

ii The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

Welcome Address

The Governor of Krabi, Chair of Section Ornamental Plants, ISHS, Distinguished participants, Honourable guests, Ladies and Gentlemen:

It has been a great pleasure for me and the Symposium Committee members to be assigned by the President of Mahidol University to organize the First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO 2016) with the support from the International Society for Horticultural Science, the Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, the governmental and private sectors. Our committee has been working very hard for the preparation and orderly progress to this important event. We also thank all the participants for making it possible.

The main objective of this symposium is to learn the recent advances in all aspects of Plant Science for tropical and subtropical ornamentals, as well as to create an interactive opportunity for people involved in research, education and industry development on a global scale.

I would like to extend my appreciation to the keynote speaker, invited speakers, oral presenters and poster presenters for their excellent cooperation. The research findings to be presented at this symposium will enable 150 participants from 15 countries to keep abreast of the technology of this fast-moving field.

As the convener, I would like to assure all participants that we will try our best to make this symposium as fruitful and enjoyable as possible.

Thank you very much.

Associate Professor Kanchit Thammasiri, Ph.D.

Convener of the TSO 2016

7 -9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand iii

Welcome Address The Governor of Krabi, Chair of Section Ornamental Plants, ISHS, the TSO 2016 Organizing Committee, Distinguished participants, Honorable guests, Ladies and Gentlemen:

On behalf of the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, it is our great honor to host the First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO 2016) with the support from the International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) as well as both the governmental and private sectors. As Mahidol University is the lead research university, Faculty of Science places strong emphasis on research for commitment to the national development and international scientific advancement. Moreover, our distinguished academic staff has also been parts of administrative and advisory functions in various national and international academic organizations. To foster the research in science, the TSO 2016 which globally provides the recent advances in all aspects of Plant Science for tropical and subtropical ornamentals, as well as creates the interactive opportunity for scientists involved in research, education and industry, is certainly relevant to our goal.

As the Dean, I would like to extend my appreciation to the distinguished keynote speakers, invited speakers, oral and poster presenters who have travelled so far to share common interest in ornamental plants and the TSO 2016 Organizing Committee to make this international symposium a success.

I would like to thank all participants and hope for future collaborations that we will meet again.

Thank you very much. Associate Professor Sittiwat Lertsiri, Ph.D.

Dean, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

iv The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

Welcome Address

On behalf of the Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, it gives me a great pleasure to warmly welcome distinguished guests, presenters, and participants to the First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO 2016).

In this occasion, I would like to express our deep appreciation for ISHS decision to support the organization of this first symposium.

Thailand is among the world most biodiversity-rich regions and important center for agricultural and horticultural plants. Research of these areas is of the departmental concern and ongoing. We focus on a wide-range of economic plants including rice, durian, bananas, medicinal plants and ornamentals such as Orchids, Gingers, and Ipomea. We also concern of rare and threaten plant species as well as conservation and protection of these natural resources. All of these brought the attention of our departmental staff to work together using multidisciplinary approach.

Lastly, I am particularly grateful to Assoc. Prof. Kanchit Thammasiri and the TSO organizing staff, who have been working tirelessly behind the scenes for many months towards making this symposium with enthusiasm and dedication. I wish participants of the TSO2016 symposium enjoy and appreciate the contributions, gain new perspectives and new excitements on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals.

Thank you.

Associate Professor Puangpaka Umpunjun, Ph.D.

Head, Department of Plant Science Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

7 -9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand v

Opening Address The Convener of the TSO 2016, Chair of Section Ornamental Plants, ISHS, Distinguished participants, Honourable guests, Ladies and Gentlemen:

It is a great pleasure, as well as an honour, to be presiding over the First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals which is taking place in Krabi. As the Governor of Krabi, I extend my very warm and sincere welcome to all the distinguished participants.

I am delighted to see a large number of participants from 15 countries, located in different regions of the world. It is a good opportunity to share scientific progress and exchange ideas on important and fascinating plants. I do hope that the valuable time that you will spend during the symposium will produce some fruitful measures to the ornamental plant industry.

I hope all the participants enjoy their stay here amidst the many fascinations of Krabi, such as its history, traditional culture, rich nature of plants, beautiful beaches on the Andaman Sea, numerous caves and waterfalls, and over 130 islands.

I extend my warmest greetings by wishing the success of the TSO 2016, as well as continued good health and prosperity of all the participants of this event.

At this auspicious moment, I have the honour to declare the First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals open.

Thank you very much.

Mr. Phinich Boonlert

Governor of Krabi

vi The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

Welcome Address

The Governor of Krabi, the Convener of the TSO 2016, distinguished participants, Honorable guests, Ladies and Gentlemen:

On behalf of Section Ornamental Plants of the International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) I would like to welcome delegates worldwide to the 1st International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals in

Krabi, Thailand. Thailand is one of the most important producers of tropical and subtropical horticultural commodities and many of their scientists are renowned for their research on a range of horticultural crops, including ornamental plant species. I am delighted therefore to recommend this symposium to all delegates. I am sure that you will benefit from the presentations and discussions and also enjoy the local Thai food, customs and hospitality.

This symposium, as many other ISHS symposia, only happens after much work from a team of volunteers. So I take this opportunity to congratulate Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri and his organizing committee for their commitment and dedication to this important symposium. I wish the convener, his colleagues, the symposium committees, and all delegates a very successful symposium. The planning and organization has been excellent. The program comprises substantial number of oral presentations and posters, as well as an exciting professional trip and a social program, which will surely be enjoyable in the beautiful location of Krabi town. The outcome of the symposium will most certainly be an important contribution to horticultural science and the ornamental industry.

Professor Margrethe Serek, Ph.D.

Chair of Section Ornamental Plants, ISHS

7 -9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand vii

Keynotes and Invited Speakers

Professor Dr. Hugh W. Pritchard

Head of Comparative Seed Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG) Kew, United Kingdom

Prof. Pritchard is specialized in Seed Biology and Seed Conservation Research. He wrote 192 publications in Plant Sciences (excluding 30 book reviews and abstracts). These are 44 book chapters, 7 books (incl. Black & Pritchard, 2002, Desiccation and Survival in Plants: Drying without Dying, CABI), 41 reports and popular articles and 100 papers in international peer-reviewed journals (39 since 2010). He gave invited talks at >30 conferences in 18 countries (from Canada to New Zealand). Contributions in 2009–14 included UK, Brazil, China, Denmark, Italy, India, Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, USA.

Professor Dr. Richard A. Criley

Dept. of Tropical Plant & Soil Sci., University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, No. 102, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A.

Dr. Criley is Emeritus Professor of Horticulture at the University of Hawaii’s Manoa campus in Honolulu. His research program principally focused on manipulation of flowering of ornamental

crops, and he has taught in 14 different courses over the course of his 42+ years with the university. A former Chair for the ISHS Section for Ornamental Plants (2002-2010), he has also been a convener for ornamental symposia for the congresses of 2002, 2006, and 2014. He has edited several Acta Horticulturae volumes for the ISHS, most recently for the symposium Ornamental Horticulture in the Global Greenhouse from IHC2014 and organized the Scripta Horticulturae volume on ornamental Proteaceae. He co-edits the quarterly Bulletin of the Heliconia Society International.

Dr. Setapong Lekawatana

Acting, Vegetable, Floriculture and Herb Promotion Expert, Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand

Dr. Lekawatana received his Ph. D. degree in Horticulture from the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He has been working at the Department of Agricultural Extension for 32 years, in charge of ornamental plant production and research. He was invited as guest speakers at many national and international meetings to give talks and opinions about Thai floriculture. He also received many awards for his outstanding work.

viii The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

Dr. Seiichi Fukai

Associate Dean of Faculty of Agriculture and Professor of Floriculture in Kagawa University, Japan

Researches of interest are: flowering physiology, propagation, breeding and genetic resources, and postharvest in ornamental plants. Recently I am interested in the relationship between flowers and human. Hobby is cactus.

Professor Dr. Fure-Chyi Chen

Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

Prof. Chen is a well-known plant biotechno-logist. He is teaching and doing research at the National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. His research fields of interest are:

1. Micropropagation of phalaenopsis, oncidium and nobile dendrobium 2. Molecular study of somaclonal variation of phalaenopsis orchids 3. Breeding of phalaenopsis orchids 4. Molecular regulation of orchid development and pigmentation and 5. Development of genetic transformation technology in tropical flowers

Professor Dr. Chunlin Long

College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University, Beijing, China and Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China

Prof. Long is now working at the Minzu University of China. His major research interest are Biodiversity conservation; Botany; Ethnobotany; Ethnopharmacology; Phytochemistry; Plant genetic resources; Plant taxonomy & phylogeny. For his

achievements, prizes and honors, totally 276 papers and 21 books have been published, in which 126 papers have been covered/indexed by SCI (Thomas Reuters). Fifteen patents of innovation have been issued in China. More than 40 grants have been awarded by national, provincial or international funding agencies.

7 -9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand ix

x The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

7-9 March 2016 Aonang Naga Pura Resort & Spa, Krabi, Thailand

Date Time Program

Sunday 6 March 2016

15.30 - 17.30 hr. Pre-registration and poster preparation

Monday 7 March 2016

08.00 - 09.00 hr. Registration

09.00 - 10.00 hr. Opening Ceremony MC: Dr. Wisuwat Songnuan

Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Presentation Welcome Address by Associate Professor Dr. Kanchit

Thammasiri, TSO2016 Convener Welcome Address by Head, Department of Plant

Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Opening Address by Governer of Krabi Welcome and Presentation by Professor Dr.

Margrethe Serek, Chair of Section Ornamental Plants, ISHS

Presentation of ISHS certificate and medal to Symposium Convener Presentation of Souvenirs to Symposium Sponsors

Group Photographs

10.00 - 10.30 hr. Coffee Break

Session I: Cryopreservation and Micropropagation Chair: Professer Shinichi Yamamoto Secretary: Assist. Prof. Aussanee Pichakum 10.30 - 11.00 hr. I-1 Cryobiotechnology of tropical seeds Professor Dr. Hugh W. Pritchard 11.00 - 11.20 hr. I -2 Development of cryopreservation techniques in

ornamental crops Dr. Seiichi Fukai 11.20 - 11.35 hr. O-1 Cryopreservation of Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.

f.) Stein calli using encapsulation-vitrification and vitrification methods

Dr. Supornchai Chaireok Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri Dr. Upatham Meesawat 11.35 - 11.50 hr. O-2 Asymbiotic seed germination, protocorm-like body

proliferation and field establishment of Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl.

Dr. Suphat Rittirat Mr. Sutha Klaocheed Assist. Prof. Somporn Prasertsongskun Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri

7-9 March 2016 Krabi, Thailand

7 -9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand xi

Date Time Program

11.50 - 12.05 hr. O-3 Micropropagation for conservation of Zingiberaceae in Surin province, Thailand

Dr. Nipawan Jitsopakul Ms. Pacharaporn Sangyojarn Ms. Poonsiri Homchan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri

12.05 - 13.00 hr. Lunch break

Session II: Breeding and Selection Tools Chair: Dr. Teresita Amore Secretary: Dr. Unchera Viboonjun 13.00 - 13.20 hr. I-3 Gamma irradiation mutagenesis in Monstera

deliciosa Professor Dr. Fure-Chyi Chen Ms. Ya-Ling Huang Mr. Shin-Chang Yuan Mr. Kang-Wei Chang 13.20 - 13.35 hr. O-4 Induced mutation by acute and fractionated gamma

ray irradiation on Coleus sp. Dr. Syarifah Iis Aisyah Eny Rolenti Togatorop Prof. Dr. Rizal Damanik 13.35 - 13.50 hr. O-5 Initial study on 2n-gamete induction of Strelitzia

reginae Ms. Xiao Shan Liao Prof. Dr. Si-Xiang Zheng 13.50 - 14.05 hr. O-6 Investigation of colchicine incubation time on the

regeneration rate of Globba williamsiana 'Dok Khao' Mr. Rodjanacorn Chuengpanya Assist. Prof. Dr. Ngarmnij Chuenboonngarm Assist. Prof. Dr. Thaya Jenjittikul Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri Assoc. Prof. Dr. Puangpaka Soonthornchainaksaeng Ms. Atchara Muangkroot


Session II: (cont.)

Breeding and Selection Tools Chair: Professor Fure-Chyi Chen Secretary: Assist. Prof. Dr. Paweena Triperm 14.35 - 14.50 hr. O-7 Evaluation of Anthurium cultivars for resistance to

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae: the causal agent of Bacterial Blight

Dr. Teresita Amore C.M. Ayin P. J. Toves A. S. de Silva 14.50 - 15.05 hr. O-8 Modification of ethylene sensitivity in ornamental

plants using precise genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9) Dr. Henrik Lütken Mr. Oliver Kemp Dr. Josefine Nymark Hegelund

xii The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

Date Time Program

Mr. Svenning Rune Möller Prof. Dr. Renate Müller Dr. Bent L. Petersen 15.05 - 15.20 hr.

O-9 Disease resistance breeding of Phalaenopsis spp. for

tropical environment and molecular marker development for plant selection Dr. Dewi Sukma Ms. Juanita Elina Dr. Giyanto Giyanto Prof. Dr. Sudarsono Sudarsono

15.20 - 15.35 hr. O-10 Molecular marker development based on diversity of genes associated with pigment biosynthesic pathways to support breeding for novel colours in Phalaenopsis

Prof. Dr. Sudarsono Sudarsono Ms. Mega Dewi Haristianita Ms. Aline Sisi Handini Dr. Dewi Sukma 15.35 - 15.50 hr. O-11 Development of chloroplast single nucleotide

polymorphisms (SNPs) as a tool towards interspecies typing of Anthurium germplasm

Dr. Jon Y. Suzuki Dr. Scott M. Geib Dr. Mónica M. Carlsen Dr. Claudia L. Henriquez Dr. Teresita D. Amore Dr. Tracie K. Matsumoto Dr. Lisa M. Keith Dr. Roxana Y. Myers 15.50 - 16.05 hr. O-12 Eustoma breeding, interspecific hybridization and

cytogenetics Dr. Rodrigo Barba Gonzalez Dr. Ernesto Tapia-Campos Ms. Tania Yuriko Lara-Bañuelos Dr. Veronica Cepeda-Cornejo 16.05 - 16.20 hr. O-13 Creation and micropropagation of polyploids in

Cymbidium hybridum Ms. Li Xie Shanshan Zhou Mugui Wang Assoc. Prof. Ruizhen Zeng Assoc. Prof. Herong Guo Prof. Dr. Zhisheng Zhang

16.30 - 17.00 hr. Poster Session 1: Presention of Odd Poster number

17.10 - 17.40 hr. Poster Session 2: Presention of Even Poster number

18.00 - 20.00 hr. Welcome Dinner and Cultural Show

(Cont.)

7 -9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand xiii

(Cont.) Date Time Program

Tuesday 8 March 2016

Session III: Ornamentals for Landscape Chair: Professor Chulin Long Secretary: Dr. Panida Kongsawadworakul

09.00 - 09.20 hr. I-4 Native fashion Professor Dr. Richard A. Criley 09.20 - 09.40 hr. I-5 Indigenous people's ornamentals for future gardens Prof. Dr. Chunlin Long Dr. Bo Long Ms. Yue Zhou Ms. Xinbo Zhang Dr. Bo Liu 09.40 - 09.55 hr. O-14 Garden roses: results of introduction and breeding

in Nikita Botanical Garden Prof. Dr. Irina Mitrofanova Prof. Dr. Zinaida Klimenko Dr. Yuriy Plugatar Svetlana Plugatar 09.55 - 10.10 hr. O-15 Taxonomic notes on ornamental Bananas in

Thailand Assist. Prof. Dr. Sasivimon C. Swangpol Dr. Unchera Viboonjun Dr. Panida Kongsawadworakul Ms. Paweena Chuenwarin Ms. Wandee Inta Assist. Prof. Dr. Paweena Traiperm 10.10 - 10.25 hr. O-16 Genetic diversity studies in Bulbophyllum Thou.

(Orchidaceae) with reference to ecological adaptability and phylogenetic significance

Dr. Shaik Mahammad Khasim Dr. garikapati Ramesh Jujjuvarapu Ramudu


Session IV: Ornamentals in Business Chair: Dr. Shaik Mohamad Khasim Secretary: Assist. Prof. Dr. Sasivimon C. Swangpol 10.45 - 11.05 hr. I-6 Ornamental plants in Thailand Dr. Setapong Lekawatana Ms. Bhuriphan Suwannamek 11.05 - 11.20 hr. O-17 Tropical and subtropical ornamental industry in

Guangdong, China Professor Dr. Fei Xiong Liao Professor Dairong Wang 11.20 - 11.35 hr. O-21 Varietal selection of some Curcuma hybrids Dr. Nataya Dum-ampai

Dr. Preedawan Chaisrichonlathan Ms. Supan Maidatchan Ms. Suthamas NaNan Ms. Vipada Thongtaksin Ms. Jongwattana Phumhiran

xiv The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

Date Time Program

11.35 - 11.55 hr. O-19 Extending shelf life of jasmine garlands Dr. Niramon Suntipabvivattana Dr. Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn

11.55 - 13.15 hr. Lunch Break Business Meeting

Session IV: (cont.) Ornamentals in Business Chair: Dr. Sethapong Lekawatana Secretary: Dr. Unchera Viboonjun 13.15 - 13.30 hr. O-20 A survey of ethylene response in Dendrobium

hybrid cut-flowers Dr. Wachiraya Imsabai 13.30 - 13.45 hr. O-21 Enhancing vase life of cut-rose flower cultivar

'Kardinal' Assist. Prof. Malik Fiaz Huss Ferdosi Saher Sana Ullah 13.45 - 14.00 hr. O-22 Characteristics of Zingibers for cut-flower Dr. Nataya Dum-ampai Dr. Preedawan Chaisrichonlathan

14.00 - 15.00 hr. Meeting Summary and Close of Symposium MC: Dr. Wisuwat Songnuan

Announcement of ISHS Student Awards

Meeting Summary: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri

Closing remarks: ISHS Representative and Convener

15.00 - 15.30 hr. Coffee & Tea

Wednesday 9 March 2016

08.45 - 18.30 hr. Excursion

7 -9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand xv

xvi The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

ABSTRACTS

KEYNOTE & INVITED PRESENTATIONS

7 -9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand xvii

xviii The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

I-1 Cryobiotechnology of tropical seeds Prof. Hugh W. Pritchard, Royal Botanic Gardens, KEW, Wakehurst Place, RH17 6TN West Sussex, United Kingdom; [email protected] The seeds of wet tropical species likely have a high probability of desiccation sensitivity, thereby reducing options for their conventional banking and increasing the demand for innovative cryopreservation solutions. Given that c. 50% of the world’s plant species inhabit wet tropical forests, the challenge can only be considered to be substantial, including for some families of high horticultural interest, such as palms and orchids. Generally, the tissue of choice for cryopreservation requires regrowth in vitro, and this combination of low temperature science and biotechnology is now described as cryobiotechnology. An overview will be provided of how far cryobiotechnology has developed over the recent past, explore methodologies of greatest promise and highlight requirements for future research. Acknowledged collaborators: Kanchit THAMMASIRI, Sasikarn PRASONGSOM (Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand); Jayanthi NADARAJAN, Dani BALLESTEROS (RBG Kew); SK MALIK, Rekha CHAUDHURY (NBPGR, New Delhi, India); Haeng-Hoon KIM (Sunchon National University, Suncheon, S Korea); Liang LIN, Wei-qi LI, Xiang-yun YANG (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, China); Elena POPOVA (Univ. Guelph, Canada).

I-2 Native Fashion

Prof. Dr. Richard A. Criley, Dept. of Tropical Plant & Soil Sci., University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, No. 102, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States of America; [email protected] The concept of fashion involves changes and the rise and fall of popular trends over time. Gardens and landscapes are not immune to such swings of fashion, but because implementing changes takes longer with long-lived plants, the differences come about gradually. The use of exotic plants in landscapes and gardens became a fashion because wealthy members of society wanted and could afford something different to distinguish their landscapes from others; ostentation and one-upmanship were achieved with plants from faraway places. The use of local species was not a window on the world, and the romance of the plant collector sending back exotic species contributed to their desirability. The recent issue of the convention on biodiversity has set some limits on the commercialization of natural resources outside their homelands. Additionally, the awareness of contributions of native plants to the whole ecology, even in an urban setting, has prompted research on their relations with insects and other organisms. Whether it be pollinator or migrating butterfly survival, drought stresses or a perceived reduction in maintenance, native plants have seen a resurgence in North American landscapes as counters to loss of biodiversity and coping with environmental stresses. Tropical and subtropical ornamental plants will eventually find their places in similar scenarios. Being natives, however, does not free them from problems inflicted by invasive species. The use of native plants is also finding a blend with organic and ecological landscape management programs. Keywords: Native plants, environmental management, biodiversity, exotic plants, landscape

2 The First International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Ornamentals (TSO2016)

I-3 Ornamental Plants in Thailand Dr. Setapong Lekawatana, Department of Agricultural Extension, 21431 Phaholyotin Road, Kwaeng Latyao, Khet Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected] Ms. Bhuriphan Suwannamek, Department of Agricultural Extension, 21431 Phaholyotin Road, Kwaeng Latyao, Khet Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) The purpose of this paper is to report the situation of ornamental plants in Thailand. The production and marketing of Thai ornamental plants were investigated by visiting and interviewing leading ornamental plant growers and analyzing statistical data. In 2014, the Netherlands was the leading exporter for ornamental plants with 47% share of the total value of 9.4 billion US$ exported worldwide; while, Thailand ranked the 22nd with 0.4% share, yet it is still the leader among ASEAN countries. Production area of Thai ornamental plants was estimated to be 3,100 hectares with export value of 38.1 million US$ in 2014 which was 13.7% growth from the previous year. Orchids were the most important ornamental plants exported from Thailand which has 61.5% share of total export value followed by Sansevieria, Musa, Dracaena, Zoysia, Bougainvillea, Euphorbia, Ixora, Hoya, Plumeria, Aglaonema, Adenium and Tillandsia. Among these were 90.4% plants, 9.3% flasks and 0.3% seedlings. Important factors contributing to successful Thai ornamental plant industry were suitable climate, skillful growers, organized grower’s groups and organizations, improved transportation facility, lower cost, good quality and rapid multiplication through tissue culture, continuing supply of new cultivars through breeding, mutation, and introduction and better production management in plastic or shade houses. Keywords: Ornamental plants, Orchid, Thailand, production, marketing, export

7-9 March 2016, Krabi, Thailand 3

I-4 Development of cryopreservation techniques in ornamental crops Dr. Seiichi Fukai, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; [email protected] The feature of floriculture is the diversity of products and the speed of change. Floriculture industry requires reliable ways to keep their plant materials for their breeding program and business. Cryopreservation of plants has developed as a tool for long-term preservation of plant genetic resources. The important technical point of cryopreservation is the dehydration of plant tissue without loss of their viability. Cryopreservation methods have been developed: slow-freezing (two-step freezing) method, vitrification method, encapsulation-dehydration method, encapsulation-vitrification method, and cryoplate-vitrification method. The development has improved three points; stability of survival, applicability to diverse plant species and operability of techniques. Keywords: cryopreservation, plant genetic resources, floriculture, vitrification-based methods


I-5 Gamma irradiation mutagenesis in Monstera deliciosa Prof. Dr. Fure-Chyi Chen, 1 Hsue-fu Rd, National Pingtung University of Sci Tech, Department of Plant Industry, 91201 Pingtung, Nei-pu Town, Chinese Taipei; [email protected] Ms. Ya-Ling Huang, 1 Hsue-fu Rd, National Pingtung University of Sci Tech, Department of Plant Industry, 91201 Pingtung, Nei-pu Town, Chinese Taipei; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Shin-Chang Yuan, 1 Hsue-fu Rd, National Pingtung University of Sci Tech, Department of Plant Industry, 91201 Pingtung, Nei-pu Town, Chinese Taipei; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Kang-Wei Chang, Wenhua Rd. Jiaan Village, Longtan, Taoyuan City, Chinese Taipei; [email protected] (co-author)

Cut foliage of Monstera deliciosa is widely used in flower arrangement due to its long vase life and striking foliage pattern. Variegated Monstera of commercial importance is scarce. Therefore, we examined the potential of mutagenesis in obtaining variegated mutants by gamma ray irradiated seeds. The germination rate was reduced by increasing the irradiation dosage. The LD50 dosage was between 10 Gy to 25 Gy. We further compared the survival rate of seeds from different sources at 0, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 Gy. Dosage higher than 12.5 Gy was required to achieve LD50 germination rate. Next, seeds pre-soaked for 5 days were compared to unsoaked dry seeds for their sensitivity to gamma irradiation at various dosages (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, and 22.5 Gy). The highest germination rate was obtained by 10 Gy of dry seeds and 12.5 Gy of soaked seeds. The lowest germination rate was observed by 22.5 Gy for both dry and soaked seeds. The soaked seeds apparently were more tolerant to the damage caused by higher dosage of irradiation. Different patterns of leaf variegation were obtained after gamma ray irradiation, including light green to yellow green sectors.

Keywords: Monstera, irradiation, mutagenesis


I-6 Indigenous People's Ornamentals for Future Gardens Prof. Dr. Chunlin Long, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave, Beijing, 100081, China; [email protected] Dr. Bo Long, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Yue Zhou, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu Unviersity of China, Beijing, 100081, China; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Xinbo Zhang, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Bo Liu, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; [email protected] (co-author)

All ornamental plants were originated from wild resources. Most of them were selected and acclimatized by our ancestors who grew or transplanted wild good-looking plants in their homegardens and near their dwelling places. The indigenous people around the world are still practicing introduction and domestication of wild plants including ornamentals. This paper deals with the ornamentals which are not common in horticulture or gardens but have been managed traditionally by the indigenous peoples in tropical and subtropical regions for generations. The methods of ethnobotany, ethnoecology and horticulture were used in the surveys and analysis. Some sites had been investigated in Southern China and mainland Southeast Asian countries. Indigenous peoples including Ahka, Bai, Burman, Chin, Dai, Dong, Hani, Hmong, Jingpo, Jinuo, Kachin, Karen, Kinh, Lahu, Lao, Li, Lisu, Miao, Shan, Tai, Thai, Wa, Yi, and Zhuang were interviewed during the investigations. The results showed that there was rich species diversity of ornamentals maintained in the living environments of local communities. Many species are with great potentials to be developed as ornamentals. Orchidaceae, Zingiberaceae and Araceae are the most dominant families contributed to the floristic components of indigenous people’s ornamentals in the tropics. Traditional ornamental species with cultural and religious values had been preserved in traditional societies. Based on our investigations and analysis, we proposed Camellia spp., Dendrobium spp., Rhododendron spp., Musella lasiocarpa, and Leucocasia gigantea to be the most potential candidates for gardens uses. The origin of ornamentals, indigenous property right and sustainable uses of local ornamental genetic resources were also discussed in the present paper. Keywords: Indigenous people’s ornamentals; Biodiversity; Cultural value; Development potentials; Ethnobotany


ABSTRACTS

ORAL PRESENTATION



O-1 Cryopreservation of Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f.) Stein calli using encapsulation-vitrification and vitrification methods Dr. Supornchai Chaireok, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; [email protected] Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Upatham Meesawat, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb. f.) Stein has been listed in the CITES Appendix I. To evaluate the success of P. niveum callus cryopreservation, the encapsulation-vitrification and vitrification methods were compared. Six-month-old calli were precultured in modified VW liquid medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 M) for 5 d with daily increasing sucrose concentration and dehydrated in PVS2 solution at different exposure times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 min). The encapsulation-vitrification method gave the highest viability absorbance value (0.24) and the lowest moisture content (MC) (27.3%) when calli were precultured in 0.5 M sucrose, followed by a 100 min exposure to PVS2 solution; while, the vitrification method gave viabilty absorbance value (0.22) and MC (23.9%). Histological and histochemical observations showed normal cells with large nuclei, dense cytoplasm, non-disrupted starch grains and protein. The cryopreserved calli using vitrification method displayed the disruption of both starch grains and protein less than encapsulation-vitrification method. These cryopreserved calli exhibiting no change in ploidy level and gave the survival rates at 29.6% (encapsulation-vitrification) and 22.2% (vitrification). O-2 Asymbiotic seed germination, protocorm-like body proliferation and field establishment of Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. Dr. Suphat Rittirat, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand; [email protected] Mr. Sutha Klaocheed, Department of Technology and Industries, faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand; sutha@[email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Somporn Prasertsongskun, Department of Biology, faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

An in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established for Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl., an epiphytic orchid by culturing seeds from four-month-old green self-pollinated fruits. Tetrazolium (TZ) viability test indicated a mean embryo viability of 97.80%. Three asymbiotic orchid seed germination media, namely Knudson medium (KC; Knudson, 1946), New Dogashima (ND; Tokuhara and Mii, 1993) and Vacin and Went (VW; Vacin and Went, 1949) were studied to select a


suitable medium for seed germination. The highest seed germination percentage was 83.8% in VW medium. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. can be induced from protocorm segments cultured in VW liquid medium supplemented with 8.88 µM BAP and significantly different from other treatments, with the highest number of 5.2 PLBs per explant. VW medium supplemented with 0.2% (w/v) activated charcoal (AC) gave the highest number of roots per plantlet and root length at 6.4 roots and 5.8 cm, respectively. Morphological characteristics of those plantlets were normal and ploidy level was the same as controlled plantlets revealed by flow cytometry. The highest percentage of plantlet survival recorded at 6 and 12 months after re-establishment in the forest was 75.8% and 71.6%, respectively. Keywords: Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl., Tetrazolium viability test, seed germination, plantlets O-3 Micropropagation for conservation of Zingiberaceae in Surin province, Thailand Dr. Nipawan Jitsopakul, Dept of Agro-Industry, Fac of AgricTech., Rajamangala U of Tech Isan, Surin Campus, 145 Surin-Prasat Road, 32000 Amphoe Mueang, Surin Province, Thailand; [email protected] Ms. Pacharaporn Sangyojarn, Rajamangala U of Tech Isan, Surin campus, Surin-Prasat Road, Surin Province, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Poonsiri Homchan, Rajamangala U of Tech Isan, Surin campus, Surin-Prasat Road, Surin Province, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri, Department of Plant Science, Mahidol U, Bangkok, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

The Zingiberaceae is an important family used in medicine and cosmetics. An optimized micropropagation protocol was developed for conservation of Zingiberaceae in Surin Province, Thailand including Curcuma singularis Gagnep., Kaempferia galanga L., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe through rhizome buds was investigated. Sterile rhizome buds were cut and then cultured on MS agar medium (1962) supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l BA, as plant growth regulators for shoot formation. The results showed that rhizome buds of C. singularis Gagnep. and K. galanga L. cultured on MS agar medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BA showed the highest shoot formation of about 4.5 and 9 shoots/bud, respectively. The addition of 1 mg/L BA to MS agar medium was found to be the best for shoot induction after culture of rhizome buds of Z. officinale Roscoe (11 shoots/bud) for 90 d of culture at room temperature under 16 h light photoperiod. Root formation in all media was observed. Regeneration of shoot and root started at the same time in each medium which reduced the time and the cost for micropropagation. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized when transferred to outdoor for 90 d. Keywords: Curcuma singularis, Kaempferia galanga, Zingiber officinale, rhizome bud, micropropagation


O-4 Induced mutation by acute and fractionated gamma ray irradiation on Coleus sp. Dr. Syarifah Iis Aisyah, Dept.of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB, Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, 16680 West Java Bogor, Indonesia; [email protected] Eny Rolenti Togatorop, Dept.of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB, Jl Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, 16680 West Java Bogor, Indonesia; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. Rizal Damanik, dept. of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecolog IPB, Kampus IPB Darmaga, 16680 West Java Bogor, Indonesia; [email protected] (co-author)

This research used gamma irradiation to increase the genetic variability. The objectives were to identify quantitative performance and to obtain differences qualitative change due to the effects of acute and fractionated irradiation on Coleus sp. in MV1 generation. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. 405 shoot cuttings of coleus were irradiated by gamma ray. The results showed that the highest irradiation dose on Coleus sp. produced the lowest average plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, number of branches, leaf width and leaf length. Gamma ray irradiation treatment produced 8 putative mutants of Coleus blumei (purple/green) based on colour difference. Five putative mutants were formed by the dose of (20-20), (22.5-22.5) and (25-25) gy of fractionated irradiation and three putative mutants were formed by the dose of 40 and 45 gy of acute irradiation. These eight putative mutants were potentially stable and solid to be developed for next generations. Keywords: Coleus, gamma rays irradiation, induced mutation, putative mutant O-5 Initial study on 2n-gamete induction of Strelitzia reginae Ms. Xiao Shan Liao; [email protected] Prof. Dr. Si-Xiang Zheng; [email protected] (co-author) Si-xiang Zheng, Xiao-shan Liao, Qing-dan Lin, Bin long, Jian-hua Gong, Yong-hong Yang, Jun Zhou, Lin-yu Wang (co-author) 1 Agriculture Research Institute of Zhuzhou, zhuzhou Hunan 412007, China 2 The Rare flower breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou Hunan 412007, China; 3 The Multi-purpose rare flowers Engineering Center of Hunan Province, zhuzhou Hunan 412007, China

In order to create Strelitzia reginae new germplasm with sexual polyploidization method, Young flowers which are about 6-8 cm in length are induced with different colchicine concentrations (0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.20%) in the first meiosis. The results showed that the induction effects of 0.20% colchicine were the best. There are obvious differences between the variants and the control on morphology, such as petal, calyx, stigma and pollen grain size. Cytological study on abnormal meiosis behavior resulting in the 2n pollen production showed that: (1) abnormal spindles, including parallel spindles and fused spindles, were formed at metaphase II and anaphase II. (2) the nuclei at anaphase II were later arranged in two poles，each pole contained two nuclei, or in three poles, one of which contained two


nuclei, the other poles contained one nucleus, respectively. (3) dyads and triads were produced at the tetrad stage. According to the cytological mechanism of 2n pollen formation, the results indicated that the 2n pollen were genetically equivalent to the first division restitution (FDR) gametes, and consequently had a potential value for sexual polyploidization breeding of Strelitzia reginae. Keywords: Strelitzia reginae; Colchicines; 2n-gametes; Meiosis. O-6 Investigation of colchicine incubation time on the regeneration rate of Globba williamsiana 'Dok Khao' Mr. Rodjanacorn Chuengpanya; [email protected] Assist. Prof. Dr. Ngarmnij Chuenboonngarm; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Thaya Jenjittikul; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Puangpaka Soonthornchainaksaeng; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Atchara Muangkroot; [email protected] (co-author) Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi 10400, Thailand

Globba williamsiana ‘Dok Khao’ is a native ginger of Thailand. This plant has the outstanding characteristics of bract and inflorescence which have been using as an ornamental ginger for cut-flowers and potted plants. To increase the economic value of this plant, the improvement is required. Chromosome doubling by colchicine is a general method for improving most plant species. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine incubation time on the regeneration rate of G. williamsiana ‘Dok Khao’ before establishing the effective protocol for producing tetraploid plants. Changing in morphological and anatomical characters of M1V1 and M1V2 plants were also observed. After incubating young leafy-shoots, 1.5 cm high, with 0.2% (w/v) colchicine for 0, 4, 8 and 12 days, all explants were transferred to MS gelrite medium for 8 weeks. The results showed that survival rate was decreased while incubation time increased and LT50 was 4 days. The regeneration rate in term of M1V1 leafy-shoot height, M1V2 leafy-shoot number and height, total root numbers, and root length were observed. Four from five parameters of regeneration rate, except leafy-shoot numbers of M1V2, was reduced after longer exposed with colchicine. The development of leafy-shoot and leaf morphology of M1V2 plants were also affected by colchicine. Changing in anatomy of some M1V2 plants, such as enlargement of stomata and epidermal cell size, reduction of cell density per unit area, and disorganization of epidermal cell were observed. These morphological and anatomical characteristics may benefit for primary screening the tetraploids from diploids. Keywords: Zingiberaceae, Globba, ornamental plant, colchicine, in vitro culture, plant improvement


O-7 Evaluation of Anthurium cultivars for resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae: the causal agent of Bacterial Blight Dr. Teresita Amore, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; [email protected]

Bacterial blight is a devastating disease of Anthurium caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis p.v. dieffenbachiae (Xad). Although modifications in cultural practices have reduced losses and outbreaks, anthurium blight continues to be a worldwide concern. Sources of resistance for breeding programs other than A. antioquiense varieties are needed because cultivar selection is often dictated by aesthetic properties not found in A. antioquiense hybrids. Genetically engineered plants with resistance are commercially unavailable. As anthuriums grow slowly and evaluation of large plants can take several years, microplants (approx 4 wks after deflasking) were evaluated in the current study. Leaves were inoculated with a bioluminescent strain of Xad and subsequently autophotographed to detect Xad colonization. Resistant and susceptible controls were established in repeated trials and used to compare 10 additional cultivars. Incidence and severity data collected from the autophotography showed a range from highly susceptible to moderately resistant but no cultivar was immune to Xad colonization. Complementary studies were undertaken using an intensified charged couple device (ICCD) camera to provide non-destructive measurements of Xad colonization. The ICCD system captured real-time bioluminescence and permitted the tracking of Xad colonization throughout the plant. Evidence for early systemic infection through only a few infection sites highlights the need to assess the entire plant. The new microplant rating system is a breeder's tool for selection of cultivars for subsequent greenhouse and field trials and eventually will enable growers to modify planting designs and cultural practices. Keywords: anthurium, bacterial blight, resistance evaluations, Xanthomonas axonopodis O-8 Modification of ethylene sensitivity in ornamental plants using precise genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9) Dr. Henrik Lütken, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; [email protected] Mr. Oliver Kemp, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Josefine Nymark Hegelund, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Svenning Rune Möller, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. Renate Müller, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Bent L Petersen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; [email protected] (co-author)

Ethylene sensitivity has for long been of interest in improving ornamental plants e.g. Kalanchöe and Campanula. We aim to investigate changes in ethylene sensitivity in economically important ornamental plants by targeting genes in the ethylene pathway using the novel precise genome editing tool CRISPR/Cas9. The


sequence specific nuclease Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats / CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a sequence specific DNA binding and cleaving complex which can be employed to introduce targeted double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in the host genome. The DSBs will be repaired by the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair mechanism which often results in small indels and consequently a gene knockout. The CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of a protein nuclease (Cas9) which is guided to the target sequence by a small RNA molecule (sgRNA) that recognizes a 20 bp target sequence in the genome, downstream of a protospacer adjacent motif. The sgRNA confers the sequence specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 complex and may thus be designed to target virtually any sequence, a feature that has made it the method of choice within precise genetic engineering. Although most research with CRISPR/Cas9 has been conducted in prokaryote and mammalian cells, steps have been taken to implement the system in plants. The method has proven to function in various plant species e.g. Arabidopsis, wheat, soybean and orange which makes it plausible that this technique could be applied to ornamental plants as well. The system will be introduced using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and explant regeneration in tissue culture to create stable transformation events. Keywords: flower longevity, senescence, site-specific nuclease, targeted breeding, transformation O-9 Disease resistance breeding of Phalaenopsis spp. for tropical environment and molecular marker development for plant selection Dr. Dewi Sukma, PMB Lab. Dept.of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia; [email protected] Ms. Juanita Elina, Dept.of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB, Bogor, Indonesia; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Giyanto Giyanto, Dept. of Plant Protection, Bogor, Indonesia; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. Sudarsono Sudarsono, PMB Lab. Dept.of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor, Indonesia; [email protected] (co-author)

Phalaenopsis is one of the most important ornamental crops in Indonesia and market demand for this crop increases in years to come. One constrain in Phalaenopsis cultures under tropical environments is soft root disease because of Dickeya dadantii infection, which spreads quickly in the humid and warm environments. Therefore, development of disease resistance Phalaenopsis varieties under tropical environments would be beneficial. Series of research activities are conducted to achieve the objectives. We have evaluated the resistance responses of various Phalaenopsis species against D. dadantii. Moreover, we also conduct molecular analysis for disease resistance and disease responsive genes (i.e. Pto and chitinase [Chi]) to determine their nucleotide sequence diversity. We use sequence variability to develop SNP based molecular markers to screen for resistance of the Phalaenopsis genotypes. Results of the evaluations indicated most of the species and hybrids of Phalaenopsis are susceptible against D. dadantii infection. However, a limited numbers of Phalaenopsis spp. are moderately resistance, for example: P.


amboinensis and P. cornu-cervi. Hybridization among resistance and susceptible Phalaenopsis species or their hybrids has been initiated. The Pto and Chi genes isolated from resistance and suceptible genotypes have been isolated and their nucleotide diversity evaluated. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) exist among the Pto and Chi genes. SNP specific primer pairs have been developed and used to generate SNAP markers. The developed SNAP markers are effective for genetic diversity analysis and predicting the resistance responses against D. dadantii of Phalaenopsis species and their hybrids. Comprehensive results of the evaluations are presented. Keywords: Phalaenopsis species, resistance breeding, molecular markers, PTO gene, CHI gene, SNAP markers O-10 Molecular marker development based on diversity of genes associated with pigmeny biosynthesic pathways to support breeding for novel colours in Phalaenopsis Prof. Dr. Sudarsono Sudarsono; [email protected] Ms. Mega Dewi Haristianita; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Aline Sisi Handini; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Dewi Sukma; [email protected] (co-author) PMB Lab., Dept. Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Jl. Meranti, IPB - Darmaga Campus, 16680 West Java Bogor, Indonesia

Phalaenopsis is one of the major orchid species grown in Indonesia. The flower characteristics and colour of this orchid are very diverse and beautiful. Their flower colours depend on the existence of pigments, such as carotenoids and anthocyanins. A number of key enzymes are known to play important roles in carotenoid and anthocyanin pigment formation, such as PSY, CHS, DFR, F3’H and F3’-5’H. Activity of those enzymes in flower organs may in turn determine the color of Phalaenopsis flowers. Genes coding for those enzymes have also been isolated and their sequence determined either in orchids or other ornamental crops. The objectives are to isolate and characterize PSY, CHS, DFR, F3’H and F3’-5’H genes from Phalaenopsis species, evaluate nucleotide sequence variability among DNA sequence of those genes, and develop gene specific molecular markers to support breeding for unique Phalaenopsis flower colour. We have isolated fragments of PSY, CHS, DFR, F3’H, and F3’-5’H genes from various Phalaenopsis species having different flower colour. DNA sequence variabilities among the isolated genes have also been evaluated and the existance of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified. We have designed single nucleotide amplified polymorphism (SNAP) primer pairs have generated based on the existed SNP and used the designed SNP specific primers to generate gene specific SNAP markers. Moreover, we have used the gene specific SNAP markers for genetic diversity analysis of diverse Phalaenopsis spp. with different flower colours to evaluate effectiveness of the markers to predict flower colours. Progress of the investigation will be discussed. Keywords: Phalaenopsis species, molecular breeding, molecular markers, flower colours, SNAP markers


O-11 Development of chloroplast single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a tool towards interspecies typing of Anthurium germplasm Dr. Jon Y. Suzuki1; [email protected] Dr. Scott M. Geib1; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Mónica M. Carlsen2; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Claudia L. Henriquez3; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Teresita D. Amore4; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Tracie K. Matsumoto1; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Lisa M. Keith1; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Roxana Y. Myers1; [email protected] (co-author) 1 USDA Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. PBARC, 64 Nowelo St., Hilo Hi 96720, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63121, USA 3 Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis MO 63130, USA 4 Dept. of Tropical and Soil Sciences, College Tropical Agriculture and Human Res., University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Hybridization between Anthurium species, especially from within the subgeneric section Calomystrium has played an important role in the development of commercially important ornamental traits, including spathe and spadix color or form, plant form, bacterial blight tolerance and scent in modern Anthurium cultivars. Recent advances in our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within this most species rich genus of the Araceae family has laid the foundation for further development of molecular tools for Anthurium species and cultivar identification to aid in germplasm preservation and parental selection. In this study, next generation DNA sequence information enabled assembly and a first examination of the chloroplast genomes of Anthurium including those of three closely related Anthurium species, A. hoffmannii Schott, A. huixtlense Matuda, and the horticultural cultivar 'New Pahoa Red' (A. andraeanum Linden ex André) of section Calomystrium, as well as the chloroplast genome of A. flexile Schott from section Polyphyllium, one of the earliest diverging lineages within this genus. Whole chloroplast genome comparisons between the Calomystrium genomes indicated greater than 99.67% identity while the lowest identity (98.44%) was observed between the chloroplast genomes of A. flexile and the cultivar 'New Pahoa Red'. From these comparisons, SNP assays to distinguish between the three Calomystrium chloroplast genomes were designed. Although limited in number, some SNP assays correctly identified target species from among plant DNA sample sets demonstrating their potential use as single, species-specific molecular markers. Although most SNPs were not by themselves species-specific, a majority of the SNP assays were effective in identifying corresponding SNP alleles in other Calomystrium species, accessions of A. flexile, as well as a random sampling of Anthurium cultivars demonstrating the potential use of chloroplast SNPs as a supplementary tool for molecular characterization of species across the Anthurium genus, as well as cultivars in germplasm collections through genotyping of their chloroplast genomes.

Keywords: Anthurium, Araceae, Calomystrium, chloroplast genome, germplasm, next generation sequencing, SNP


O-12 Eustoma breeding, interspecific hybridization and cytogenetics Dr. Rodrigo Barba Gonzalez; [email protected] Dr. Ernesto Tapia-Campos; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Tania Yuriko Lara-Bañuelos; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Veronica Cepeda-Cornejo; [email protected] (co-author) CIATEJ A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 44270, Mexico

The development of novel ornamental cultivars requires variation, genetic

variation. Interspecific hybridization is an important tool to achieve this variation. Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinner, commonly known as Lisianthus, has gained importance among ornamental crops, as cut-flower or potted plant, due to the shape of its flowers, which after several years of breeding resembles those of the rose; however, the color of Lisianthus flowers ranges from white to purple, including greenish, rose and blue, and many forms with colored eyes, rings and brushes. The genus is endemic to America, and it distributes from the southern United States to Central America, including the Caribbean islands. E. grandiflorum is restricted to the southern United States to northern Mexico. E. exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don distributes from central Mexico to Central America. Lisianthus breeding begun around 50 years ago, and due to an indirect selection, many of the available cultivars nowadays, are susceptible to high temperatures, and if the plantlets are exposed to temperatures above 25°C they might rosset. In this respect, in order to achieve genetic variation and produce heat tolerant Eustoma cultivars, we conducted a breeding program which includes interspecific hybridization among E. grandiflorum and E. exaltatum, being the last, found in its natural habitat average temperature above 25°C during summer. Many crosses were performed in both directions, and F1, BC1 and BC2 generations were achieved, showing outstanding ornamental traits, such as different color patterns, stem and flower size and heat tolerance. Furthermore, chromosome counts and chromosome identification were possible through in situ hybridization of rDNA and retrotransposon probes to metaphasic chromosomes in both species. Keywords: (Chromosme, Lisianthus, heat, in situ hybridization O-13 Creation and Micropropagation of Polyploids in Cymbidium hybridum Ms. Li Xie, College of Forestry and Landscape Archetect, South China Agricultural University; [email protected] Shanshan Zhou; [email protected] (co-author) Mugui Wang; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Ruizhen Zeng; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Herong Guo; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. Zhisheng Zhang; [email protected] (co-author) 483 Wushan Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

The protocorm-like bodies of a di-triploid Cymbidium hybridum were subjected for polyploid creation by the use of colchicine treatment. Diploid and triploid plants were obtained from both the contrast and colchicine treatment,


tetraploid and hexaploid plants were identified in the regenerated populations of colchicine treatment. Micropropagation charateristic of Cymbidium hybridum was obviously changed after chromosome doubling. The proliferation rate of diploid and tetraploid was significantly higher than that of triploid. The bud differentiation rate of diploid was the highest, followed by the tetraploid, and that of triploid were the lowest. The root differentiation rate of diploid, triploid and tetraploid was all 100%, however, the mean number, length and diameter of the root was significantly different. The suitable medium for micropropagation of diploid, triploid and tetraploid was also different. Keywords: Cymbidium hybridum, Colchicine Polyploid Micropropagation O-14 Garden Roses: Results of Introduction and Breeding in Nikita Botanical Garden Prof. Dr. Irina Mitrofanova; [email protected] Prof. Dr. Zinaida Klimenko; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Yuriy Plugatar; [email protected] (co-author) Svetlana Plugatar; [email protected] (co-author) Nikita Botanical Gardens, Nikita, 298648, Yalta, Russian Federation

Introduction of garden roses in Nikita Botanical Gardens was initiated in 1812, while breeding work began in 1824. Till present, more than 6,000 cultivars, species and forms of garden roses belonging to 19 garden groups were investigated. About 500 introduced cultivars, adapted to the Crimean conditions and 250 cultivars being donors of valuable economical and biological characteristics were found out in terms of the researches. Over 300 domestic ornamental rose cultivars from 9 garden groups (Hybrid Tea, Floribunda, Grandiflora, Kordesii, Miniature, Polyantha, Shrub, Large-Flowered Climber, and Modern Shrub) were bred here applying various methods of breeding, such as intervarietal and distant hybridization, inbreeding, clonal breeding and experimental mutagenesis; they were based on subtropical cultivars from South-East Asia and best cultivars of foreign breeding. These rose cultivars are characterized by tolerance, prolong remontant and impudent blooming period. Assortment, recommended in landscaping within southern regions of Russia, was developed on the basis of perspective and introduced rose cultivars. Acknowledgment: This study was funded by a research grant No. 14-50-00079 of the Russian Science Foundation. Keywords: garden roses, breeding, introduction, mutagenesis, hybridization


O-15 Taxonomic Notes on Ornamental Bananas in Thailand Assist. Prof. Dr. Sasivimon Chomchalow Swangpol; [email protected] Dr. Unchera Viboonjun; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Panida Kongsawadworakul; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Paweena Chuenwarin; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Wandee Inta; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Dr. Paweena Traiperm; [email protected] (co-author) Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Thanon Rama VI, Ratchathewi 10400, Thailand

More than 18 wild banana (Musaceae) species and hundreds of cultivars, many are introduced as ornamental plants, were found in Thailand. The banana family which is classified into three genera, Musa, Ensete and Musella, distributes in the old world tropics and Thailand is among their centers of origin. Many banana species possess attractive bract colors, such as orange, pink, bright red, purple, and also, though less frequently found, yellow and green. Several other appealing features of the bananas are dwarf pseudostem, variegated leaves, indeterminate inflorescence, uneven colored inflorescence bracts and numerous hands of fruits. Recently, three new banana species, Musa siamensis Häkkinen & Rich. H. Wallace, M. serpentina Swangpol & Somana and M. nanensis Swangpol & Traiperm were discovered in Thailand. These bananas have decorative potentials. Taxonomic revision could enhance the selection process of these taxa and bring them into the spotlight as economic ornamental crops. Keywords: exotic bananas, interspecific variation, native bananas, plant taxonomy, morphological characterization O-16 Genetic diversity studies in Bulbophyllum Thou. (Orchidaceae) with reference to ecological adaptability and phylogenetic significance Dr. Shaik Mahammad Khasim, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Dept. of Botanymicrobiology, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India; [email protected] Dr. garikapati Ramesh, Department of Botany, Acharya Nagarjuna Uni, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India; dayakar_2008@rediffmail. com (co-author) Jujjuvarapu Ramudu, Department of Botany, Acharya Nagarjuna Uni, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522510, India; [email protected] (co-author)

Genetic variability among Bulbophyllum Thou. belonging to the subtribe Bulbophyllinae, tribe Dendrobieae has been studied by using morphological and molecular markers, such as SDS-PAGE protein profiles and RAPD analysis. The orchid flora of India has been deteriorating due to habitat destruction and indiscriminate collection. There is an urgent need to evolve conservation strategies for this specialized ornamental angiosperms. For anatomical studies, microtome sections were prepared for molecular analysis CTAB and PCR techniques were followed. Adaxial epidermal cells in leaf were 2-3 times larger in their size than abaxial ones. Absorbing trichomes were reported from all the investigated taxa. Velamen roots


were associated with tilosomes especially in single-layered velamen taxa. The high diversification of vegetative characters is also exemplified by adaptation to various habitats. Plants collected from Darjeeling Himalaya were showing more xeric characters than that of Arunachal Pradesh. However, with respect to velamen, plants collected from Arunachal habitat showed some xeric characters. From the anatomical adaptations, it is evident that not only the geographical conditions and type of habitat but also the nutrient supply of host-tree on which orchid growing, is playing vital role in survivability of epiphytic orchids. The UPGMA dendrogram based on RAPD analysis showed that all taxa of Bulbophyllum section Cirrhopetalum are scattered among all clusters in the dendrogram. This indicates that the characters possessed by the section Cirrhopetallum are shared by other sections of the subtribe Bulbophyllinae. This strengthens the view of Schlecter that other sections of Bulbophyllum must have evolved from the section Cirrhopetallum. Keywords: Bulbophyllum, SDS-PAGE, RAPD, anatomical adaptations, phylogeny O-17 Tropical and subtropical ornamental industry in Guangdong, China Prof. Dr. Fei Xiong Liao, College of Forestryand Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou city 510640, Guangdong province, China; [email protected] Prof. Dairong Wang, Environ Horti. Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1st Jinying east first street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China; [email protected] (co-author)

Guangdong, known as the traditional floriculture province in Southern China, is a key production area and marketplace of tropical and subtropical ornamental plant industry with about 13,600 ha growing area and total USD$9 billion of wholesale value in 2014. The tropical and substropical ornamental plant industry started in 1980’s and its boom has begun since 1990. The tropical foliage plants, including species or cultivars of Araceae, Calathea, Ficus, Dracaena, fern, Codiaeum, Schefflera, palm and so on are grown in shading and greenhouses in Guangdong. Phalaenopsis is ranked the first among the tropical orchids in the industry. Most of tropical flowering plants, such as Poinsettia, Bromeliads, Anthurium used in China are also produced in Guangdong. The tropical and subtropical plants are propagated on a large-scale through tissue culture and micropropagation which become a valued biotechnological industry. The Pearl River delta is the industry center where several marketplaces and logistic centers gathering more than 20,000 nurseries and companies were established to meet the development of the industry like Guangzhou floriculture expo in Guangzhou City, Chencun flower world in Fushan city. More and more nurseries grow tropical foliage plants and palms in Zhanjiang city in the south of this province. Tropical plants are widely used for house decoration and interior-landscape and the market keep increasing in China. However, it is a long way to go for Chinese tropical ornamental plant industry because of many problems, such as little research on production technology, new cultivars and quality control which will be reviewed in this presentation. Keywords: Tropical and subtropical ornamental plants, Floriculture industry, Southern China


O-18 Varietal selection of some Curcuma hybrids Ms. Supan Maidatchan, Chiang Rai Horticultural Research Centre, Mueang, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Suthamas NaNan, Chiang Rai Horticultural Research Centre, Mueang, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Vipada Thongtaksin, Horticultural Research Institute, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Preedawan Chaisrichonlathan, Agricultural Engineering Research Institut, Department of Agriculture, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Jongwattana Phumhiran, Horticultural Research Institute, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Nataya Dum-ampai, Trang Horticultural Research Centre, Sikoa, Trang 92150, Thailand; [email protected]

Ten selected F1 hybrids of Curcuma spp. and 2 commercial varieties, ‘Red Anan’ and ‘Chiang Mai Pink’ were used to study their productivity in the grower fields and evaluate the farmers and consumer preferences. They were planted at 2 locations, Chiang Rai and Lampoon, for 2 growing seasons during 2010-2012. It was found that 4 hybrids classified as early varieties. The periods from planting to flowering were 56.8-60.5 days. The latest variety, Cu118, produced flowers 91.8 days after planting. The production was 1.0-4.0 flowers per plant; while, commercial varieties produced 2.0-2.4 flowers. The blooming periods were 15.4 days (Cu118) to 42.9 days (Cu57). The blooming periods of commercials were 22.4-23.3 days. Their vase-life were 5.5 days (Cu118) to 17.3 days (Cu56) but vase-life of commercial ones were 5.5 and 6.3 days. The variety that farmers accepted most was Cu97, while Japanese market preferred Cu64 and the Dutch market loved Cu113. These informations were used to select promising varieties, Cu57, Cu63, Cu64, Cu97 and Cu113, for cut- flower and potted plants. Keywords: Zingiberaceae, production, vase-life, consumer preferences O-19 Extending shelf life of jasmine garlands Dr. Niramon Suntipabvivattana, Mueang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; [email protected] Dr. Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

In Thailand, jasmine flowers are consumed as fresh jasmine garlands. Demand for jasmine flowers is high throughout a year. However, marketing of jasmine garlands is limited due to a short shelf life. Therefore, extending shelf life using boric acid and benzyladenine was studied. Jasmine flower buds were treated with benzyladenine or boric acid at concentrations of 0, 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/L for 15 min before completion of garlands. The results showed that both benzyladenine and boric acid could reduce respiration and weight loss. Moreover, both chemicals also gave good results on extending shelf life. In addition, pretreated jasmine garlands


were packed in PP and PE plastic bags were compared. PP plastic bags could maintain quality of jasmine garlands better PE plastic bags. These indicated that applied 500 mg/L benzyladenine or boric acid combined with packing in PP plastic bags could extend shelf life of jasmine garlands by delaying the percentage of bud opening and reducing weight loss. Keywords: jasmine flowers, garlands, benzyladenine, boric acid, modified atmosphere packaging O-20 A survey of ethylene response in Dendrobium hybrid cut-flowers Dr. Wachiraya Imsabai, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at KPS, Kasetsart Universty, Kamphaen Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; [email protected] Arunkaew Ms. La-ongkaew, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at KPS, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Export of Dendrobium hybrid cut-flowers from Thailand has a problem of low quality at the consumer end because of their sensitivity to ethylene. However, there is no research on the ethylene response of various Dendrobium hybrids in Thailand. The objective of this study was to survey ethylene response of 35 cultivars of Dendrobium hybrid cut-flowers in Thailand. The cultivars were divided by color into 9 groups: white, white-pink, purple-red, purple-red with white, purple-pink with white, purple-blue, white with purple lip/purple-pink, purple with strips on petal and green-yellow. They were fumigated with ethylene gas at 0.4 µl/l for 24 hours and the ethylene response every 6 hours after harvest (HAF) was recorded. It was found that nine groups were high to highly sensitive to ethylene (6-12 HAF) except for Dendrobium ‘Kenny’, ‘Lucky’, ‘Yokon’ and ‘Jade Gold’ which were less sensitive (>24 HAF). The senescence symptoms of open flowers are drooping, downward, venation, lip yellowing, and abscission while the symptoms of flower buds are yellowing, water soaking and abscission after being fumigated with ethylene. Ethylene response of flower buds ranged from very tolerant to very sensitive. In both of open flowers and flower buds of Dendrobium ‘Kenny’, ‘Lucky’, ‘Yokon’ and ‘Jade Gold’ had tolerance to ethylene at 0.4 µl/l. These results suggested that ethylene response in Dendrobium hybrid cut-flowers in each cultivar were different. The research findings provided exporters the information for proper postharvest handling of Dendrobium hybrid cut-flowers. Keywords: ethylene, senescence, Dendrobium hybrids, cut-flower


O-21 Enhancing vase life of cut-rose flower cultivar 'Kardinal' Assist. Prof. Malik Fiaz Huss Ferdosi, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore, 54590 Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Saher Sana Ullah, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore, 54590 Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] (co-author)

A lab study was conducted to determine the effect of different doses of certain preservative solutions, i.e. sucrose and chemicals, i.e. copper sulphate and kinetin on cut-rose flower (cultivar 'Kardinal'). There were 12 treatments replicated three times. Data regarding vase life, dry weight, solution uptake and % petal drop were collected and analyzed statistically using completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement of flowers and interpreted according to LSD Test. Cut-rose flowers were obtained from commercial growers and treatments were done with CuSO4 at 3 concentrations of 200, 300 and 400 ppm kinetin with 25, 50 and 75 mg/l, sucrose at 2, 4 and 6% w/v, and mix solutions of CuSO4 and kinetin with 3 concentrations, CuSO4 (200ppm)+ kinetin (25 mg/l), CuSO4 (300 ppm) + kinetin( 50 mg/l) and CuSO4 (400 ppm)+ kinetin (75 mg/l) and tab water (control). After treatment, the cut-rose flowers were kept at 25°C under natural ventilation and light conditions. Results indicated that 6% sucrose treatment significantly increased vase life among all other treatments and improved postharvest visual quality of this cultivar by retaining leave freshness. Keywords: Copper sulphate, cut-rose flowers, preservative solutions, Kardinal, Kinetin, Vase life O-22 Characteristics of Zingibers for Cut-flower Dr. Nataya Dum-ampai, Trang Horticultural Research Centre, Sikoa, Trang 92150, Thailand; [email protected] Dr. Preedawan Chaisrichonlathan, Agricultural Engineering Research Institut, Department of Agriculture, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the horticultural traits of the Zingiber plants for cut-flower production. A total of 11 samples of 6 Zingiber species were collected and planted at Trang Horticultural Research Centre, during 2011-2014. There were 5 samples of Zingiber zerumbet, 2 samples of Zingiber ottensii, and each of Zingiber montanum, Zingiber chrysostachys, Zingiber spectabile and Zingiber niveum. It was found that Zingiber zerumbet sampled from Trang province produced the longest inflorescences, 60.5 cm. long, while Zingiber chrysostachys had the smallest inflorescences, 13.0 cm. long. Flowering periods were from early May in Zingiber zerumbet sampled from Chantaburi Province, to September in Zingiber ottensii. Their vase-life; for example, those of Zingiber zerumbet were 6-21 days depending on blooming stage. Keywords: Zingiberaceae, vase-life



ABSTRACTS

POSTER PRESENTATION



P-01 Effect of light quality, sucrose and trehalose on organogenesis of Cymbidium devonianum in vitro Mr. Syed Mostafizul Haque; [email protected] Prof. Dr. Kazuhiko Shimasaki; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Syeda Jabun Nahar; [email protected] (co-author) Kochi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Monobe B200 Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) represent a fundamentally different technology

from the gaseous discharge-type lamps currently used in horticulture. The optimum concentration media salts are essential for in vitro rapid propagation of orchids to provide sufficient nutrients required to promote metabolism and cell growth and to prevent toxic effects of media salts. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of sucrose, trehalose and the combination of sucrose and trehalose with modified MS medium on in vitro regulation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Cymbidium devonianum under different quality of lights (white fluorescent tube, green, red and blue LED). The results showed that new PLBs and shoots were successfully regenerated on modified MS medium under different quality of lights. The highest PLB formation rate (100%) and the highest shoot formation rate (85%) were observed among explants cultured on medium supplemented with 10 g/l sucrose + 10 g/l trehalose under green LED. The maximum fresh weight of PLBs, the highest average number of PLBs and shoots were recorded on medium containing 10 g/l sucrose + 10 g/l trehalose under green LED. In plant tissue culture, sucrose is considered for being an indisputably important carbon and energy source and biosynthesis of trehalose is similar to that of sucrose. It was concluded that the contribution of LED lights, sucrose and trehalose (combined) could induce PLB and shoot formation of Cymbidium devonianum tissue culture without using any plant growth regulators. The green light showed the best PLB and shoot formation rate compared to four quality of lights. Key words: energy efficient light source, LED, organogenesis, PLBs, tissue culture P-02 Responses of cut Cattleya orchid 'Lc. Spring Clima × Christina' flowers to high carbon dioxide as related to controlled atmosphere Dr. Chairat Burana, Fac. of Innovative Agricultural Management, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand; [email protected] Prof. Dr. Kenji Yamane, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya Univ., Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; [email protected] (co-author)

A substantial portion of commercially produced Cattleya is sold as cut flowers

that often require shipment to distant markets. Cut flowers of Cattleya are sensitive to ethylene, and exposure to ethylene is known to accelerate flower senescence. The negative effects of ethylene can be significantly reduced by treatments with inhibitors of ethylene perception and/or ethylene production. In this study, the effect of high carbon dioxide (CO2) (50%), pre-cooling temperature (5°C) and ethylene (0.2 ppm) on longevity of Cattleya ‘Lc. Spring Clima × Christina’ were investigated. The flowers treated with ethylene increased ethylene production to 4.72 nL·g-1·h-1 on 2 days after harvest (DAH), while low levels of ethylene productions were detected in other


treatments throughout experimental period. High CO2 with and without pre-cooling treatments increased the respiration of flowers on 2 DAH. Flowers treated with high CO2 and the combination with pre-cooling showed the lowest respiration on 4 DAH. The vase life was enhanced by high CO2 and combination with pre-cooling for 12 and 14 days, respectively. These results suggested that high CO2 and combination with pre-cooling has commercial potential in enhancing vase life of cut Cattleya flowers. Keywords: Cattleya, CO2, controlled atmosphere, ethylene, orchid, postharvest, vase life P-03 The alternative use of foliar fertilizers as a modified medium for in vitro culture of Dendrobium × fleischrei Kullanart Obsuwan; [email protected] Chockpisit Thepsithar; [email protected] (co-author) Sunthari Tharapan; [email protected] (co-author) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Mueang, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand

Previous experiment indicated that Hyponex fertilizer was suitable for in vitro

culture of Dendrobium hybrids. However, Hyponex is not available in Thailand. Thus, in this experiment we aimed to compare 5 different commercial foliar fertilizers with Hyponex as culture media. Dendrobium × fleischrei shoots were cultured on semi-solid medium containing each of 6 different foliar fertilizers; Hyponex (6.5-6-19), MEGA-FER® (10-20-30), Nutra-Phos Super-K® (7-13-34), Tutur® (6-32-32), Biomer® (7-24-34) or Polean Golden Orchid® (10-52-17) at the concentration of 0.35% (w/v) supplemented with 2.0% (w/v) sucrose, 0.2% (w/v) phytagel and 0.5 g/l activated charcoal and cultured for 3 months. The results showed no significant differences in survival rate and number of shoots in all treatments, but no survival was found from shoots cultured on Polean Golden Orchid® (10-52-17). The maximum fresh and dry weight as well as number of roots were obtained from shoots cultured on Nutra-Phos Super-K®(7-13-34) and Tutur®(6-32-32), however, Nutra-Phos Super-K® (7-13-34) provided the best root length. The study suggested that Nutra-Phos Super-K® (7-13-34) can be used as a substitute for Hyponex (6.5-6-19), in culture media of Dendrobium hybrid. Keywords: (Tissue culture, low cost, orchid medium, Dendrobium hybrids


https://www.google.co.th/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCQQFjABahUKEwia1-u0-bLHAhUUWI4KHY0EABE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yara.us%2Fagriculture%2Fproducts%2Fother%2F2442-nutra-phos-super-k-7-13-34%2F&ei=a0_TVdr1IZSwuQSNiYCIAQ&usg=AFQjCNEKIJEjBtaPv4zTmzWODU1eczNB-w&sig2=TCbtkQivxyxTfZk9fKgIcQ&bvm=bv.99804247,d.c2E






P-04 A cost effective in vitro culture protocol of Dendrobium × fleischrei Kullanart Obsuwan; [email protected] Assist. Prof. Chockpisit Thepsithar; [email protected] (co-author) Sunthari Tharapan; [email protected] (co- author) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand

Agar is the most commonly used for solidifying media in plant tissue culture.

However, several studies indicated that the differences in agar types and concentrations showed significantly different in quality of in vitro plantlets. In the studies, 3 different gelling agents, Phytagel, Agar and CleriGar, were compared on growth and development of Dendrobium × fleischrei seedlings. After culturing for 2 months, the results revealed that gelling agent types and concentrations showed no effect on fresh and dry weight, number of roots and shoots and root length of in vitro-grown D. × fleischrei plantlets. Moreover conditions of culture media, liquid and semi-solid were compared in order to reduce the cost according to the expensive price of gelling agents. It was found that D. × fleischrei shoots cultured in liquid medium gave the significantly greater fresh and dry weight, number of roots and shoots and root length than those obtained from semi-solid medium containing those 3 gelling agents. Thus, the results of the study suggest a new possibility of using liquid medium to reduce production costs considerably and will be the promising in vitro culture technique for growth and development of Dendrobium orchid. Keywords: cost-reducing, Dendrobium hybrids, tissue culture, semi-solid medium P-05 The effect of pH and sucrose on seed germination of Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe Tagrid Imsomboon, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Pahol Kosiyachinda, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Paphiopedilum exul (Ridl.) Rolfe is one of terrestrial or lithophytic orchids also known as the ‘‘lady’s slipper orchid’’. The distribution is native around limestone mountain at western and eastern coasts of Thailand. The suitable conditions for P. exul seed germination were constructed. Seeds from 5-month-old fruits cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog agar medium (1/2MS) at different pH levels (5, 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8) and supplemented with 10, 20, and 30 g L-1 sucrose. Seeds were cultured in dark conditions for 2 months and then cultured at 25±3⁰C under light intensity of 37 µmol m-1s-1 for 16 h per d for 1 month. The results showed that different pH levels affected seed development to germination. The pH 5, 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8 gave seed germination of 28.07%, 26.33%, 21.75% and 19.12%, respectively. Sucrose concentrations did not affect seed germination significantly, but 20 g L-1


sucrose tended to give high seed germination at 24.97%. There is no interaction between sucrose and pH on seed germination. Keywords: Seed development, Asymbiosis, Seed germination, Lady’s slipper orchid,Orchidaceae P-06 Identification of Cardiotoxic Ornamental Plant Species Commonly Found in Thailand by DNA Analysis Assist. Prof. Nathinee Panvisavas, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] Sakolwan Ms. Chalermrungroj, Forensic Science Graduate Program, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Sri Ayudthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

This research provided a forensic investigative tool for the detection and identification of cardiotoxic ornamental plant commonly found in Thailand. Species-specific primers were designed from polymorphisms in the ITS region of 6 cardiotoxic ornamental plant species, which are Adenium obesum, Calotropis gigantea, Cerbera odollam, Nerium oleander, Strophanthus gratus, and Thevetia peruviana. Sizes of expected PCR products from R_AO02/ITS3G, R_CG02/ITS3G, R_CO04/ITS5, R_NO12/ITS5, R_SG07/ITS3G and R_TP06/ITS3G are 358, 290, 282, 231, 226 and 165-bp, respectively. A positive test control primer pair was designed from a conserved region in the rbcL gene to confirm the validity of DNA sample for PCR-based analysis. Under the optimal PCR condition, results showed that all primer pairs amplified PCR products of correct sizes. Amplification results were reproducible when tested against at least 10 individual plants of each species. Each of these primer pair did not PCR-amplify the other 5 non-target cardiotoxic plant species, 14 non-target plant species, nor human DNA. Correct test results were also obtained when tested with DNA mixture. For agarose gel-based sensitivity testing, the minimum DNA quantities that R_AO02/ITS3G, R_CG02/ITS3G, R_CO04/ITS5, R_NO12/ITS5, R_SG07/ITS3G and R_TP06/ITS3G can detect are 0.005, 0.001, 0.5, 0.01, 0.005 and 0.001ng, respectively. Agarose gel-based analysis was possible for mock forensic-type specimens, such as dried leaf fragments and tea leaf infusions, but limit to specimens digested by artificial gastric juice. Keywords: Cardiotoxic ornamental plant species, DNA analysis, ITS DNA markers


P-07 Characteristics of Commercial Torenia Cultivars Dr. Seiichi Fukai, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kida-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; [email protected] Mr. Tanapoom Laojunta, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho 761-0795, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Takako Narumi, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho 761-0795, Japan; [email protected] (co-author)

Torenia is a popular summer bedding plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Recently, the number of commercially available cultivars, including both seed-propagated and vegetative-propagated genotypes, has increased. Twenty-five Torenia cultivars were grown in a greenhouse under 50% shading. A wide range of petal color was observed: deep to light blue, deep to light reddish purple, yellow and white. Cultivars could be divided into two groups: with or without yellow blotch on the abaxial (lower) petal. SEM observations revealed that the shape of the petal surface cells was different depending on cultivars. Torenia concolor had a lower conical, T. fournieri had a conical shape and T. baillonii had a sharp conical shape. Interspecific hybrids had the intermediate cell shape of the putative parents. Torenia fournieri showed erect type growth, and both T.concolor and T.baillonii were creeping types. Interspecific hybrids showed semi-erect to creeping types. Leaf size and shape also varied depending on the cultivars. The vegetative-propagated cultivars are assumed to be interspecific hybrids derived from crossing of T. fournieri, T. concolor and T. baillonii. The vegetative-propagated cultivars included diploids, triploids and tetraploids. Cultivars with higher ploidy level produced larger flowers. Keywords: bedding plant, interspecific hybrid, micro-morphology, petal color, ploidy level, Torenia P-08 Effects of two biopolysaccharides on organogenesis of PLBs in Dendrobium kingianum cultured in vitro Sultana Umma Habiba, The United Graduate School of Agricultural, Sciences,Ehime University,3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, Japan; [email protected] Kazuhiko Shimasaki, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe B200, Nankoku city 783-0093, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Monjurul Ahasan, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate, School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, University, Takaramachi Kanazawa, 920-, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. A.F.M. Jamal Uddin, Department of Horticulture, Sher-E-Bangla, Agricultural University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh; [email protected] (co-author)

Growth and development of PLBs cultured in vitro largely dependent on the presence of different plant growth chemicals. In this study, potential effect of two biopolymer: hyaluronic acid (HA9; Shiseido, Japan) and sodium alginate(ULV-13,Kimica, Japan) on organogenesis of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) in Dendrobium kingianum under white fluorescent lamp was investigated. PLBs of D. kingianum were explanted on modified MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of HA9


and alginate. In case of HA9, the highest number of PLBs (15.2) was recorded at concentration of 0.1mg/L. This study shows that very low concentration of alginate (0.01mg/L) increased the number of PLBs dramatically and that was 23.6 compared with control(9.6). Fresh weight was also highest at same concentration, while the highest number of shoots per explant (3.7) was observed at concentration of 10mg/L alginate. The results indicated that the application of HA9 and sodium alginate and their combination at a low concentration increased average number of PLBs but shoot formation was highest at high concentration compared with control. Keywords: Dendrobium kingianum, protocorm-like bodies (PLBs), hyaluronic acid (HA9), alginate P-09 Effects of ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene inhibitor, silver thiosulfate on organogenesis of PLBs in Dendrobium kingianum cultured in vitro Sultana Umma Habiba, The United Graduate School of Agricultural, Sciences,Ehime University,3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, Japan; [email protected] Prof. Dr. Kazuhiko Shimasaki, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe B200, Nankoku city 783-0093, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Monjurul Ahasan, Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate, School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, University, Takaramachi 920-0934, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. A.F.M. Jamal Uddin, Department of Horticulture, Sher-E-Bangla, Agricultural University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh; [email protected] (co-author)

This study attempted to clarify the effects of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and silver thiosulfate (STS) on organogenesis of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) in Dendrobium kingianum under white fluorescent lamps in vitro. PLBs were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented with ACC at 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L concentrations for two days. After that, ACC treated PLBs were transferred and combined with STS at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/L. The highest number of PLBs (12.9) was recorded in the medium with 0.1 mg/L ACC combined with 0.01 mg/L STS, compared with control (5.1). Increasing fresh weight showed higher values in the same combination. Whereas the highest number of developing shoots (2.7) was recorded in the medium with 0.1 mg/L ACC combined with 0.1 mg/L STS . Low concentration of STS alone increased the number of PLBs, but showed inhibitory effects on shoot formation. On the other hand, low concentration of Ethrel alone increased both number of PLBs and shoots after 4 weeks of culture in vitro. In this study, the efficiency of ACC at low concentration was observed only in PLB formation, but no satisfactory enhance on shoot formation of D. kingianum in vitro. Keywords: Dendrobium kingianum, protocorm-like bodies (PLBs), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), silver thiosulfate (STS).


P-10 Effects of temperature on seedling growth and development of Eustoma (Eustoma grandiflorum) Mr. Md ZohurulKadir Roni, The United Graduate School of Agricultural, Ehime University, Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; [email protected] Prof. Kazuhiko Shimasaki, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku-shi Kochi 783-8502, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Md Saiful Islam, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Scie, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku-shi Kochi 783-8502, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. A. F. M. Jamal Uddin, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh; [email protected] (co-author)

Temperature variation is a main obstacle for Eustoma (Eustoma grandiflora) seedlings in growth and development stage. This study attempted to investigate the different day and night temperature viz. T0, 200 C day/180C night (Control); T1, 100 C day/80 C night (low) and, T2, 250C day/ 200C night (high) for characterizing the morpho-physiological attributes of Eustoma seedling in the greenhouse. At 200 C day/180 C night temperature, Eustoma seedlings developed easily in the greenhouse condition. For 250C day/ 200C temperature, it showed the rosetting in Eustoma seedlings. Besides, seedling growth and development was stopped in low (100C day/80C night) temperature condition. In order to overcome this condition, low and high temperature gave the significant variation on physiological behavior of Eustoma seedlings compared with 200 C day/180 C night (Control) temperature. Stomatal conductance, spade value and leaf area also showed the irregular characters of Eustoma seedlings in control, low and high temperature, respectively. Therefore, temperature is one frequently modified environmental factor that influences the growth and development of Eustoma seedlings. Keywords: Eustoma grandiflora, day/night temperature, seedlings, and stomatal conductance P-11 Role of Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit Set and Embryo Culture of Interspecific Phalaenopsis Karnchana Rungruchkanont, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, P.O. Box 10, Warinchamrap 34190, Thailand; [email protected] Thin Promchot, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, P.O. Box 10, Warinchamrap 34190, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Phalaenopsis buyssoniana is a species in the Phalaenopsis genus that has high chromosome numbers (2n=4x=76) but has a problem when crossed with P.‘Wedding Promenade’. The cross has low fruit set. In order to overcome this restriction, plant growth regulators were used in this study for 2 phases; 1) applying in vivo after cross pollination to promote fruit set and 2) adding to the culture medium to enhance efficiency of embryo rescue. Auxin treatments; NAA, IAA, 2,4-D applied after cross


pollination promoted fruit set of P. buyssoniana and P.‘Wedding Promenade’. P.‘Wedding Promenade’ being a female parent, produced the highest fruit set, increased capsule size and rescued embryos when 2,4-D was applied. The study of capsule age and culture medium were conducted in order to enhance efficiency of embryo rescue. The capsule ages were 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 months. The culture media were based on Vacin and Went medium (control) and the other 4 treatments were 1) 100 mg L-1 2,4-D, 2) 50 mg L-1 Dicamba, 3) 1 mg L-1 Kinetin plus 0.1 mg L-1NAA, and 4) 2 g L-1 Peptone. The two-month-old capsules that were cultured in Vacin and Went and supplemented with 1 mg L-1 Kinetin plus 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA was found highly effective, producing 100% capsules having good embryo development and 82.6 developed embryos per capsule. Keywords: NAA, Kinetin, embryo rescue, fruit set, interspecific Phalaenopsis hybrid P-12 Micropropagation of Spathoglottis eburnea Gagnep, a Thai orchid species, through shoot tips Ms. Witayaporn Pornchuti, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Dr. Ngarmnij Chuenboonngarm, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Nathinee Panvisavas, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Spathoglottis eburnea Gagnep is a Thai terrestrial orchid species grown in the north and northeast. It has small population in the wild and can be endangered in the near future. To develop a protocol for Spathoglottis eburnea micropropagation, shoot tips were proliferated in half strength Murashige and Skoog (½MS) liquid media supplemented with the combination of a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0, 0.5, 1 or 2 mg L-1) and placed on a shaker at 110 rpm. After 3 months of culture, the highest shoot formation of 30.8 shoots per explant was obtained on the medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 NAA and 2 mg L-1 BAP. Whereas, the combination of 2 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP gave the highest root formation of about 11.1 roots per explant. Moreover, the regenerated plants were analyzed by using flow cytometry and the results showed the same ploidy level. Keywords: Propagation, NAA, BAP, conservation, flow cytometry


P-13 Effect of calcium nitrate addition on growth and bulb quality of Hippeastrum Dr. Soraya Ruamrungsri, Department of Plant Science and Natural Res, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] Dr. Chaiartid Inkham, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

In an attempt to improve the Hippeastrum ‘Apple Blossom’ bulbs quality, the effect of calcium nutrition was investigated. A field experiment was conducted in H.M.The King’s Initiative Centre for Flower and Fruit Propagation, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Five fertilization treatments with five doses of calcium nitrate as a calcium source (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1) were used in this study. For each treatment, three replications were used (10 plants per replication). The results showed that at 32 weeks after planting (WAP), applying additional calcium nitrate had significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect on the number of leaves per plant and concentrations of chlorophyll (SPAD value). At harvest stage (32 WAP), the results showed that bulb quality in term of bulb fresh weight, root length, root fresh weight and bulb firmness were affected among treatments except bulb size. In addition, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) in bulbs were discussed in this study.

Keywords: Hippeastrum, calcium nitrate, growth, bulb firmness, bulb yields P-14 Coconut Coir Dust Ratio Affecting Growth and Flowering of Potted Petunia hybrids Dr. Panupon Hongpakdee, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; [email protected] Assoc. Prof. Soraya Ruamrungsri, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Coconut coir dusts are available and acceptable for use as sustainable agricultural media, which promote flower quality and prolong shelf life in many ornamental plants. This research project was conducted to investigate the additional effect of different portions of coir dust (0, 25, 50 and 75%, v/v) in potting mixed media (40% rice husk, 20% rice husk charcoal, 20% sand and 20% fermented leaf compost by volume) on growth and flowering of 'Coral Pink Wave' petunia hybrids. The data for physiological parameters analyzed statistically showed significant effect of coir dust amended treatment. Increase the portion of coir dust in substrate seems to decrease the number of branch, root dry weight, number of flower, percentage of flowering and flower dry weight when compares with non-coir dust free base. Negative correlation were observed between coir dust portion and growths of petunia i.e., number of branch (R = -0.94), stem and leaf dry weight (R = -0.87), root dry weight (-0.95), number of flower (R = -0.96), percentage of flowering (R = -0.81) and flower dry weight (R = -0.94). Thus, it is suggested that coconut coir dust not quite be recommended as renewable potting mixed media for the growth of 'Coral Pink Wave' petunia hybrids.

Keywords: Petunia hybrids, coco peat, container plants, flowering


P-15 Suppressing Black Anther Symptom of Cut-Orchid Inflorescence using Fungicides

Pongphen Jitareerat, King Mongkut's Univ. of Technology Thonburi, Div. Postharv. Techn. School of Biores. & Techn., 83 Mu 8, Thian Tha-le Rd., 10150 BKK Bang Khun Thian, Thakham, Thailand; [email protected] Apiradee Uthairatanakij, King Mongkut's University of Tech Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Tanyarat Komol, King Mongkut's University of Tech. Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian 10150, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

The efficacy of synthetic fungicides and bio-fungicides for suppressing the development of black anther symptom, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on cut-orchid inflorescence (Dendrobium ‘Big White Jumbo’) was studied. Four synthetic fungicides (0.5 ml/L Carbendazim, Chlorothalonil, Prochloraz and 0.2 ml/L sodium hypochlorite) and two bio-fungicides (10 ml/L Bioextract and 1 ml/L Mycoderma) were used to investigate their efficiency against the mycelium growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (in vitro test) and suppress the disease symptom development on cut-orchid inflorescences (in vivo test). For in vitro test, the results revealed that Prochloraz had the greatest inhibitory effect of mycelium growth (100%), followed by Bioextract (69.23%), Chlorothalonil (46.83%), Carbendazim (13.97%) and Sodium hypochlorite (1.15%), while Mycoderma could not inhibit the mycelium. For in vivo test, the natural infected cut-orchid inflorescences were immersed for 5 min in the solution of synthetic fungicides and bio-fungicides at the same concentration as the in vitro test. The cut-orchid inflorescences immersed in tap water were used as the control. The treated samples were then dried on ambient condition and each peduncle end was placed in the plastic tube containing vase solution, and then kept for 3 d at 13°C as the stimulated shipment. Thereafter, all treated cut-orchid inflorescences were transferred to 25°C and displayed for 6 d in the distilled water to investigate the disease development and the vase life quality. The disease symptom of black anther gradually increased throughout their vase life. Immersing cut-orchid inflorescences in Prochloraz was the best treatment to suppress the symptom development of black anther followed by Chlorothalonil and Bioextract, respectively. Furthermore, Prochloraz treatment could delay the drop of florets and the color change of florets as indicated by Chroma (C°) value, and also promote the water uptake significantly in compared with the control. This result implies that prochloraz treatment can suppress the black anther disease and improve the quality of cut-orchid inflorescences during display. Keywords: Black anther, Dendrobium, Fungicide, Mycelium growth, Quality


P-16 Evaluation of Methyl Bromide Alternatives to Control Thrips in Orchid Cut-flowers Dr. Rujira Deewatthanawong; [email protected] Ms. Supavadee Chanapan; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Anawat Suwanagul; [email protected] (co-author) Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand

Methyl bromide (MB) has been widely used as a pest control agent in various agricultural products including cut-flowers. MB is being phased out under the Montreal protocol due to its ozone depletion effect. Since the phase out has been planned to complete in 2015, investigation of alternatives to MB is urgently needed. In Thailand, all orchid cut-flowers are normally fumigated with MB for postharvest control of thrips before export. This project aimed to evaluate efficiency of other chemicals as MB alternatives. Phytotoxicity assessment of ethyl formate (25-100 g m-3), methyl formate (25-100 g m-3), acetaldehyde (0.05-0.2%) and phosphine (4-30 g m-3) on Dendrobium Sonia 'No. 17' was investigated. Fumigation with ethyl formate, methyl formate and acetaldehyde at all concentrations resulted in significant damages to orchid cut-flowers, while there was no damage in phosphine fumigation. Phosphine fumigation at 4 g m-3 for 1 h was sufficient to obtain 100 % mortality of the second instar larvae of thrips. Our results demonstrated that phosphine fumigation showed great potential for quarantine treatment of orchid cut-flowers. Further research is required to determine the use of this chemical commercially. Keywords: orchid, methyl bromide alternative, phosphine, fumigation, thrips P-17 Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Chalcone Synthase Gene in Curcuma alismatifolia Dr. Rujira Deewatthanawong; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Supavadee Chanapan; [email protected] Mr. Borwarn Tontiworachai; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Anawat Suwanagul; [email protected] (co-author) Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand

Ornamental curcuma species are tropical flower plants with the second largest amount of floral-plant export of Thailand (rhizomes, cut-flowers, and potted plants). Introducing new varieties with a wide range of bract colors is essential in the flowering-plant industry in order to keep up with the demand. Flavonoids are the major pigments responsible for the colors of Curcuma alismatifolia and the first step of the flavonoid biosynthesis is catalyzed by chalcone synthase (CHS). The aim of this study was to characterize CHS gene from C. alismatifolia. A CHS cDNA clone was isolated from C. alismatifolia using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and 5’-3’ Rapid Amplification of cDNA End (5’-3’ RACE). The full length of CHS cDNA was 1,416 bp long, containing 1,194 bp open reading frame (ORF), translated for 397 amino acids polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of


43.45 Kilodaltons. The CHS amino acid sequence was closely related to chalcone synthase-like protein from C. longa with 98% identity (accession number AEU17693). Keywords: Chalcone synthase (CHS), cloning, Curcuma alismatifolia P-18 Preliminary Study on the Effect of Sucrose Preculture on Histological and Histochemical Changes in Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb. f.) Stein Protocorms Mr. Sutthinut Soonthornkalump; [email protected] Prof. Dr. Upatham Meesawat; [email protected] (co-author) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand

Paphiopedilum niveum orchid has been considered as critically endangered species. Long-term ex situ conservation using cryopreservation has been widely used. Many cryopreservation protocols consist mostly preculture step using sucrose. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sucrose preculture on survival rate of P. niveum protocorms. Histological and histochemical changes were also assessed. Four-month-old protocorms were precultured in different sucrose concentrations (0.058 (control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 M) for 24 h. There were no significant differences in survival rate and protein accumulation in 0.2 M sucrose-treated and 0.058 M sucrose-treated protocorms. Severe plasmolysis were observed in both 0.6 M and 0.8 M sucrose-pretreated protocorms. Histochemical revealed that the degradation in carbohydrate and protein accumulation could be observed in 0.4-0.8 M sucrose. Keywords: Histochemistry, Histology, Lady’s slipper orchid, cryopreservation P-19 Development of a DNA test for 4 Paphiopedilum species - A preliminary study Ms. Onuma Tangsomsuk, Forensic Science Graduate Program, Multidisciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Nathinee Panvisavas, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] Assist. Prof. Thaya Jenjittikul, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

One of the difficulties in plant identification is the lack of floral part of the questioned specimen. Although DNA analysis is an alternative species identification method, in many cases the presence of polymorphisms within the selected DNA marker region may not be sufficient. Here, we report the development of a PCR-based DNA test to distinguish 4 Paphiopedilum species, i.e., P. bellatulum, P. concolor, P. godefroyae, and P. niveum, using sequence and insertion-deletions (indels) polymorphisms within the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear


ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene. PCR primers were designed by using anchored primer strategy, in which 4 PCR primers were designed to assemble 3 primer pairs that gave 4 different sizes of the PCR product. PCR conditions were optimized, and primer specificity was tested. Experiments suggested that the test should be performed by firstly distinguish P. bellatulum and P. concolor from P. godefroyae and P. niveum using the first primer pair. Then, each species of the 2 groups would then be subsequently distinguished by using the other 2 primer pairs. Keywords: DNA test, Paphiopedilum, ITS P-20 Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Multiple Shoot Regeneration of In Vitro Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Dr. Sainiya Samala, 272 Mu 9, Kunthalae, Mueang Surat Thani 84100, Thailand; [email protected] Mr. Ponlawat Pattarakulpisutti, Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Kittima Kongton, Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Nurma Masakee; [email protected] (co-author), Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand

This study aimed to compare the effects of different plant growth regulators on multiple shoot regeneration of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Nodal segments and shoots of Chrysanthemum were (a) cultured on MS medium, (b) cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA, (c) cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA and IAA, (d) cultured on MS medium supplemented with IAA and BAP, (e) cultured on MS medium supplemented with KN and IBA at different concentrations. Shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA showed the highest multiple shoot regeneration (4.91 shoots/segment). Micropropagation using shoots is the most desirable and safe technique, as it did not only minimize genetic variation, but also helped in the formation of vigorous shoots and its high rate of multiplication. Seedlings induced from shoot culture in modified ½ MS medium supplemented with charcoal showed higher growth rate than without charcoal. Keywords: Chrysanthemum, plant growth regulators, micropropagation, multiple shoot regeneration


P-21 Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts from Orchid Tree Leaves (Bauhinia pottsii) Dr. Sainiya Samala; [email protected] Dr. Benjamas Nupan; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Kanokrat Saisaard; [email protected] (co-author) Kanokon Ms. Thongyai; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Kittima Kongton; [email protected] (co-author) Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Mueang Surat Thani, 84100, Thailand

The present study was carried out to examine antibacterial activity of Bauhinia pottsii. Hexane, ethyl acetate and water extracts of orchid tree leaves (Bauhinia pottsii) were investigated for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. It was found that the ethyl acetate extracted showed antimicrobial activity after 24 h against S. aureus and B. subtilis, 1.6 and 1.2 cm diameter of clear zone sized, respectively. The water extracted showed antibacterial activity after 24 h on three strains of S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli with 1.1, 1.0 and 0.9 cm diameter of clear zone sized respectively. And the hexane extracted showed antibacterial activity after 24 h on three strains, 0.9 cm diameter of clear zone sized for B. subtilis and E. coli, and 0.8 cm. diameter of clear zone sized for S. aureus. The extract was found to be effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Keywords: crude extracted, Bauhinia pottsii, antibacterial activity P-22 Ex vitro germination of Dendrobium cruentum Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae) seeds Ms. Sasikarn Prasongsom, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; kanchitthammasiri@gmail. com (co-author) Prof. Hugh W. Prichard, Royal Botanic Gardens, KEW, Wakehurst Place, RH17 6TN West Sussex, United Kingdom; [email protected] (co-author)

The quality of orchid seeds is potentially affected by a number of standard

practices associated with attempts to maximise growth in vitro, including harvesting seeds at the green capsule stage, applying a disinfection step, and using complex media containing micronutrients. To investigate the possibility that seed quality in a tropical orchid could be assessed ex vitro. Mature seeds of the epiphyte Dendrobium cruentum were air-dried and sown on plain agar in sealed Petri dishes, without disinfection, and incubated in light (12 h d-1), ‘dark’ (foil wrapped, but opened weekly for germination scoring), and absolute dark (unwrapped at the end of the test). Seeds were also disinfected with commercial bleach and sown onto ½ Murashige and Skoog medium in the light, as a control. Germination was scored as growth phases: embryo greening; ‘spherical’ protocorm production; and top-shaped protocorm formation. In the light, the highest germination both ex vitro and in vitro was 30-40% at 20 and 25°C, although top-shaped protocorms were only recorded in


vitro. Disinfection reduced ex vitro germination, as did incubation at higher and lower temperatures. In the light, c. 80% of ex vitro seed embryos turned green in 7 d, but those that failed to convert to protocorms subsequently became necrotic. Ex vitro testing is a promising means of rapidly assessing orchid seed quality. Keywords: Ex vitro germination, orchid seed germination, Orchidaceae, Dendrobium cruentum Rchb. f. P-23 Morpho-genotypic Interrelationship and Genetic Distance of Chrysanthemum Mr. Mehraj Hasan, Kochi University, Monobe 200, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Tropa Taufique, Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. AFM Jamal Uddin, Dept. of Hort., Sher-e-Bangla Agril. Univ., Dhaka 1207, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. Kazuhiko Shimasaki, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe B200, Nankoku 7838502, Japan; [email protected]

Thirty two chrysanthemum genotypes were evaluated for sixteen different parameters to ascertain the phenotypic and genotypic association. Plant height, number of leaf/branch, bud diameter at initiation stage, bud diameter at mature stage, flower head diameter and stalk length were found to be significant and positive correlation with each other. On the other hand, number of branch/plant, leaf area, number of flower/branch and number of flower/plant was also found to be positive significant correlation with each other. The maximum proximity dissimilarity (276.0) was found between Samsan and Yellow Bay cultivars while minimum (9.4) from Auburn Daisy and Gold Mundial cultivars. Thirty-two chrysanthemum cultivars were divided into some groups having two major lineage groups at linkage distance 25 in a cluster diagram at various levels of similarity and dissimilarity according to their phenotypic characters. Findings of the study will be beneficial for the breeder to develop chrysanthemum cultivars with maximum variation by hybridization program. Keywords: correlation, dendrogram, proximity dissimilarity


P-24 Effect of Growing Media on Growth and Yield of Jasmine (Jasminum sambac Ait.) Assist. Prof. Tanaporn Kajonphol, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon province campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Phisit Yomklin, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon province campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Porntip Srimongkol, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon province campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Chontira Sangsiri, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi campus, Kanchanaburi, Thailand; [email protected]

The effect of growing media on growth and yield of jasmine were studied with 7 treatments. All treatments were control (lateritic soil), lateritic soil with ash 1:1, lateritic soil with manure 1:1, lateritic soil with coconut husk 1:1, lateritic soil with rain tree 1:1, lateritic soil with water lettuce 1:1, lateritic soil with sandy soil, ash, coconut husk 1:1:1:1. By measuring the growth of jasmine, the results showed that the height, canopy and the flowers were significantly different. The control (soil) had the highest plant height at 70.25 cm. The soil with coconut husk had the most canopy (113.75 cm) and the largest of the flowers (620.67 cm). The size, branches per plant and the weight of jasmine flowers of the 7 treatments were not significantly different. Lateritic soil with ash had the largest flower size (2.46 cm).The association analysis of phenotypic correlation coefficients of number of flower was positive and significantly associated with number of branches per plant (0.716), canopy at the 4th month (0.553) and plant height at the 4th month (0.497). However, it was significantly negative correlation associated with flower length (-0.529). The lateritic soil with coconut husk is the suitable growing media to produce the most of branches per plant (57.25 branches). Moreover, the weight of jasmine flowers shows the highest on soil with manure 1:1 and soil with water lettuce 1:1 (0.25 cm). Keywords: Lateritic Soil, coconut husk, Flower weight, Jasmine, Yield P-25 Effects of Gamma Ray on Growth and Flower Quality in Gladiolus Hybrid Dr. Chontira Sangsiri, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi campus, Kanchanaburi, Thailand; [email protected] Assist. Prof. Tanaporn Kajonphol, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon province campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

The Gladiolus hybrid is an important famous cutting corm flowers in Thailand which is originated in South Africa. Gladiolus breeding by radiation is one way to create new characteristics for developing new cultivars. The objectives of this experiment aimed to study the effects of gamma ray on growth and flowers quality in M1 - M3 of Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrid). Ten corms of Orbiter variety were treated by gamma rays at 0, 2, 4 and 6 Krad based on CRD. The data were collected on days to first flowering (DTF), plant height (PH), stalk length (SL), inflorescence length (IL), flowers spike number (FN), floret color (FC). The result showed that 2 Krad dose in M1 - M3 plants of Orbiter has the shortest days to first flowering. The highest plant


height was 6 Krad in M1 - M3. The highest stalk length in M1 was 6 Krad and 2 Krad in M2 – M3. The longest of inflorescence length was found in 2 Krad in M2 – M3. The large amount of number of flowers was 2 Krad in M2 – M3. From this results, 2 Krad of gamma rays is the suitable dose for inducing quality traits mutation in Gladiolus hybrid. Keywords: Irradiation, Gamma rays, Mutation, Inflorescence length, Gladiolus hybrid P-26 Flower Blooming Pattern and Color Based Classification of Chrysanthemum Cultivars in Bangladesh Ms. Tropa Taufique, Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Mehraj Hasan, Kochi University, Monobe 200, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, Japan; [email protected] Prof. Dr. Kazuhiko Shimasaki, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe B200, Nankoku 7838502, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. AFM Jamal Uddin, Dept. of Hort., Sher-e-Bangla Agril. Univ., 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh; [email protected] (co-author)

Flower classification is a way to group flowers using specific features. An experiment was conducted to characterize chrysanthemum cultivars on flower blooms and color basis. Thirty two chrysanthemum cultivars (coded from V1 to V32) were divided into 13 blooming pattern viz. Irregular Incurve (V1); Reflex (V2); Regular Incurve (V3, V4); Decorative (V5-V10); Intermediate Incurve (V11-V13); Pompon (V14, V15); Single & Semi-Doubles (V16- V20); Anemone (V21-V24); Spoon (V25-V27); Quill (V28); Spider (V29, V30); Brush & Thistle (V31); and Unclassified (V32) in accordance to NCS. According to the RHS Color Chart, a wide color range were found and these were red to purplish red (V1, V8, V18, V25 and V31); yellow to greenish yellow (V4, V7, V10, V15, V17, V24, V26 and V29); white (V3, V22 and V28); orange to orangish yellow (V2, V5, V9, V12, V19 and V27); pink to purplish pink (V6, V14, V16, V20, V30 and V11 and V32) and purple (V13, V21 and V23). This classification may be helpful for easy identification and for future breeding program of chrysanthemum cultivars in Bangladesh. Keywords: Chrysanthemum, classify, National Chrysanthemum Society, Royal Horticultural Society


P-27 Expression Pattern of MADS-Box Genes in Unique Banana Species, Musa nanensis Swangpol & Traiperm (Musaceae) Dr. Unchera Viboonjun; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Panida Kongsawadworakul; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Paweena Chuenwarin; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Dr. Paweena Traiperm; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Dr. Sasivimon Chomchalow Swangpol; [email protected] Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Thanon Rama VI, Ratchathewi 10400, Thailand

MADS-box genes have been shown to play a significant role in many different steps of plant development including floral formation. Typically, banana (Musaceae) flowers possess fused three sepals and two petals that form into a compound tepal and another separated petal, called free tepal; five free stamens are characteristic of this family. However, floral characters of Musa nanensis Swangpol & Traiperm, a new species found recently in Thailand, are distinct from the rest of the family, particularly its 3+3 whorl of tepals and six anthers, each fused at the base. To further understand floral organ development in M. nanensis, partial cDNAs of some MADS-box genes were cloned and characterized. The gene expression patterns were analyzed in association with each floral organ. Our data showed that SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) genes were expressed in all floral organs of this species tested except the sepals. The results suggested, as indicated by others, that SEP3, which is the E-class genes act as a co-factor to ABC floral homeotic genes in specifying different floral whorls, i.e. sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. These data indicated that the inferred role of the isolated E-class genes in M. nanensis is compatible with that of E-function MADS-box transcription factors. The study could add information to the understanding of the floral development and be further applied for the improvement of floral features in ornamental plants. Keywords: ABC model, floral organs, flower development, MADS domain, male inflorescence, male flower buds, wild bananas P-28 Expression of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in Banana Bracts Dr. Panida Kongsawadworakul; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Unchera Viboonjun; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Paweena Chuenwarin; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Dr. Paweena Traiperm; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Dr. Sasivimon Chomchalow Swangpol; [email protected] Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Thanon Rama VI, Ratchathewi 10400, Thailand

Color variation in male inflorescence bracts of banana (Musaceae) species is of aesthetic value for ornamental purposes. Anthocyanin components and its combinations are stated as the cause of this variation. Several anthocyanin pigments, genes and biosynthetic pathways have been known to play roles; however, the underlining genetic background that causes the color differences has not been explained. In order to confine aberration points in these pathways in the bananas, the


expressions of genes involved in the species with uncommon yellow and green bract colors were analyzed in comparison to those with orange, red, pink and purple ones. The results showed that the expression of gene coding for leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX) was low or undetectable in the species with yellow, i.e. Musa siamensis and green bracts, Ensete glaucum. This evidence suggested that LDOX may be one of the main factors responsible for anthocyanin accumulation in the bracts of banana species. Keywords: anthocyanidins, anthocyanin synthesis, anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes, flavonoid pathway, floral bracts, wild bananas P-29 Effects of rinsing and chilling on germination and expression of dormancy-associated genes in seeds of 'Hokimomo' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) Kanjana Worarad, Utsunomiya University, Mine machi 350, Utsunomiya, Japan; [email protected] Dr. Tomohiro Suzuki, Utsunomiya University, Mine machi 350, Utsunomiya, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Inna Ms. Rumainum, Utsunomiya University, Mine machi 350, Utsunomiya, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. Kenji Yamane, Utsunomiya University, Mine machi 350, Japan; [email protected] (co-author)

Ornamental peaches can be propagated with seeds. Efficient seed treatments for early germination and seedling growth are required in order to shorten nursery and breeding periods. In order to find key genes associated to dormancy, we analyzed the certain genes that were previously found related to dormancy. Seeds of ‘Hokimomo’ peach were rinsed for 2 and 7 days under running tap water and chilled at 5˚C. The results showed that the periods of chilling between 6 and 8 weeks were suitable for the development of the seedlings, resulting in height around 15-20 cm. Seeds after rinsing for 2 days showed a higher percentage of germination rate than 7 days when chilling period was 6 and 8 weeks. It was suggested that ‘Hokimomo’ peach was weak for a long period of rinsing. In contrast, the germination rate after rinsing for 7 days was better than rinsing for 2 days when stratification period was 4 weeks. NCED1, ABA 8’-hydroxylase and GA2-oxidase expressions tended to decrease after rinsing for 7 days and chilling for 4 weeks. LEA-D34 or dehydrin, that is related to drought stress, was significantly higher before rinsing and then declined after chilling. Furthermore, we found that the expression of MADS-box protein JOINTLESS was high after rinsing for 7 days and declined after chilling. Our findings will be useful for the molecular mechanism of seed dormancy and for developing the methods to shorten the breeding period in various ornamental trees. Keywords: seed dormancy, germination, chilling, rinsing, ornamental, peach, Prunus persica


P-30 Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Calathea `Medallion´ exposed to different light intensity Prof. Kanapol Jutamanee, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; [email protected] Mr. Kanin Rungwattana, Universität für Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (co-author)

Calathea plant is popular and important in the field of ornamental foliage plants. The purpose of this experiment was to clarify the effects of light intensity on photosynthesis in leaves of Calathea ‘Medallion’. Plants were exposed to shading conditions as natural light intensity, 50% shade and 80% shade for 8 weeks. Therefore, plants received photosynthetic photon flux density as 560 µmol m-2s-1, 230 µmol m-2s-1, and 6 µmol m-2s-1 respectively. The results revealed that photosynthetic gas exchange rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of plants exposed to ambient light intensity and 50% shade significantly decreased. Additionally, Fv/Fm indicating PSII efficiency also declined. Regarding to plants exposed to 80% shade, gas exchange and PSII efficiency could be maintained to the highest value continuously. Therefore, Calathea ‘Medallion’ should be grown in moderate-shade environment in order to scale up the growth and productivity. Keywords: Calathea, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Photosynthetic gas exchange, Shade P-31 Fungal chitosan for growth and PAL gene expression of Dendrobium Sonia `No. 17´ in vitro Assist. Prof. Maliwan Nakkuntod, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; [email protected] Ms. Suchada Chinanukulwong, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Natthapong Suriya, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Anupan Kongbangkerd, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Pattamon Sangin, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Waroon Suwankitti, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Orchid is the largest group of flowering plants in the world. Dendrobium Sonia ‘No. 17’ is one of the most popular orchid hybrids and important for agricultural industries in Thailand. Hence, their high productivity is needed via tissue culture technique combined with various plant elicitors, such as chitosan. This research focused on the effects of two molecular weight and various concentrations of fungal chitosan to increase growth rate, as well as gene expression after chitosan application. The results showed that the low molecular weight at 50 and 100 mg/L promoted shoot and root length, respectively. While new shoots were induced better


in 10 mg/L low molecular weight than high molecular weight. However, new leaves appeared better in high molecular weight. Furthermore, PAL gene, normally expresses when the plant is in stress conditions after fungal infection, was also studied. As a result, PAL gene expression in Dedrobium Sonia ‘No. 17’ shoots after 50 mg/L chitosan application for 48 hrs. showed the highest expression. Keywords: Dendrobium, chitosan, PAL gene P-32 Genetic diversity of some species in genus Calanthe analyzed by RAPD markers Assist. Prof. Dr. Maliwan Nakkuntod, Department of Biology, Faculty of science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; [email protected] Mr. Tasanai Punjansing, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Udonthani Rajaphat University, Udonthani 41000, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Natthayot Chaichanachap, Phuluangka National Park, Nakhonpanom, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Jirawat Sanitchon, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural, Khonkhan University, 40002, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Wanwipa Pinta, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural, Khonkhan University, KhonKhan 40002, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Genetic diversity among 9 accessions in genus Calanthe and a hybrid were analyzed using Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) technique. 20 out of 40 universal primers could amplified all samples and showed polymorphic bands. Similarity index was calculated and dendrogram was reconstructed using UPGMA clustering method. The results showed that a total of 204 DNA fragments, ranged from 300 bp to 2,300 bp, were amplified, of which 198 (97%) gave polymorphism. The similarity index is between 0.286 (C. vestita – Calanthe sp.6) and 0.843 (Calanthe sp.1 – 2). A dendrogram revealed 3 major clades at 0.6 coefficient, namely Calanthe sp.6 clade, C. cardioglossa – a hybrid clade and the rest of samples forming a large clade. In the large clade, there were two subclades: C. vestita-C. rubens and Calanthe sp.1-5. Keywords: Genetic diversity, Calanthe, RAPD P-33 Prototype of Forced Cooling Air System for dehumidifying cut-flower orchids Dr. Preedawan Chaisrichonlathan, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; [email protected] Dr. Chusak Chavapradit, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Dehumidification of surplus moisture in cut-flower orchids is necessary before packaging for export. Low efficient conventional dehumidifying system including axial flow fans and moveable screen-rack shelfs were generally utilized with lengthy processing time and flower injury. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute designed and developed the prototype of forced cooling air system with high volume


of cool air to rapidly reduce excess moisture from cut-flower orchids. The prototype is a tunnel type cabinet in which two screen-rack shelfs are able to be deposited in one side and take out from the other side. One cross flow fan of 30 cm in diameter and 35,000 BTU cooling system were sited above orchid rack cart tunnel. As a closed system, cold air is forced to circulate from cross flow fan to detach orchid moisture, condensation of circulated wet air attains at cooling coil of air-conditioning system. Samples of 1,200 orchid flower bundles with 600 g in weight of each were exploited in forced cooling air system test by dipped in water and dehumidified with each 10 minutes of weight determination until stable weight attained. The prototype dehumidified time was only 60 minutes, half of conventional of dehumidifying system. Prototype of force cooling air system was proved to be able to decrease dehumidify time of cut-flower orchids without flower injury. Prototype of forced cooling air system should be developed for higher competency. Keywords: surplus moisture, dehumidification, closed system, cross flow fan P-34 Rehydration of Vanda Cut-flowers after Dry Conditions Dr. Wachiraya Imsabai; [email protected] Ms. Piyawan Tanomchat; [email protected] (co-author) Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand

Vanda is an important economic orchid in Thailand with exported value of more than hundred million baht each year. However, Vanda cut-flowers have a short vase-life because of water deficit (dehydration) before and during transportation. The aim of this research was to study the effect of water deficit on quality of Vanda ‘Lueng Thananchai’ and ‘Patchara Blue’ cut-flowers. The study on the effect of water deficit on quality of Vanda flowers was conducted by leaving flowers in the air for 0 (no-water deficit), 3, 6 and 9 hours. The results showed that Vanda ‘Lueng Thananchai’ was more sensitive to water deficit than Vanda ‘Patchara Blue’. Both cultivars were left in the air for 12 hours (dry conditions) and then immediately held in reverse osmosis (RO) water, or re-cut stem under water, or in the air before holding in RO water, and compared with no dehydration (control). The results showed that the vase-life of dehydrated flowers and re-cut stem under water was not different from the control. Stems of Vanda flowers (no water deficit) was re-cut either under water or in the air before holding in RO water comparing with flowers left in dry condition and re-cut stem under water and soaked in warm water (40°C) for 1 hour before holding in RO water. It was found that re-cut stem of dehydrated Vanda flowers under water and soaked in warm water had comparable vase-life to the control. It was concluded that dehydrated Vanda flowers could be recovered (rehydrated) by re-cut stem under water with or without soaking in warm water before holding in vase. Keywords: water deficit, vase-life, re-cut stem, dehydration, Vanda cut-flowers


P-35 In vitro Microrhizome Induction in Hedychium stenopetalum Lodd. Ms. Supaporn Rodpradit; [email protected] Ms. Kamonporn Songnun; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Kannikar Shusuwanaruk; [email protected] (co-author) Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand

Hedychium stenopetalum Lodd. is one of the potential species as a source for raw materials for pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. In this study, the possibility of in vitro microrhizome induction in H. stenopetalum was investigated. Sterile young shoot tips were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog 1962 (MS) agar medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mgL-1. Cultures were incubated under 16 h illumination per d at 25 ± 2°C for 8 weeks. The highest number of shoots (4.46 shoots/explant) was obtained from the medium supplemented with 3 mgL-1 BAP. Eight-week-old in vitro plantlets were selected as materials for a following experiment on microrhizome induction. These plantlets were cultured on MS agar medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations at 3, 6, 9 and 12% in combination with ancymidol at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 μM. The largest diameter microrhizome production (0.74g/plantlet) was obtained from medium supplemented with 9% sucrose with 2 μM ancymidol. These protocols will be developed for a large scale production of uniform and pathogen-free rhizome for field plantation and for germplasm conservation, as well as for the herbal cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: Hedychium, Ginger lily, Micropropagation, 6-Benzylaminopurine, Ancymidol, Sucrose P-36 A comparative study of droplet-vitrification, encapsulation-dehydration, and cryo-plate methods for cryopreservation of Arundina graminifolia protocorms Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri; [email protected] Mr. Luis B. Cordova II; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Panida Kongsawadworakul; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Dr. Ngarmnij Chuenboonngarm; [email protected] (co-author) Assist. Prof. Dr. Thaya Jenjittikul; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Puangpaka Soonthornchainaksaeng; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Unchera Viboonjun; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Atchara Muangkroot; [email protected] (co-author) Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand In this study, droplet-vitrification, encapsulation-dehydration, and cryo-plate methods for cryopreservation of Arundina graminifolia protocorms were investigated using silica gel and drying beads as the desiccation materials. The cryo-plate method had a significantly higher recovery, reaching 76% using drying beads as the desiccation materials, compared with droplet-vitrification in which regrowth was 33% and encapsulation-dehydration in which regrowth was 65% with drying beads. Optimal conditions for the cryo-plate method included preculture of protocorms in ½


MS liquid media with 0.7 M sucrose for 1 d, adhered to cryo-plate, and dehydrated using drying beads to 25% moisture content prior to immersion in liquid nitrogen. Regrowth of cryopreserved samples using cryo-plate method was rapid with high survival and regrowth rate. Keywords: Cryopreservation, droplet-vitrification, encapsulation-dehydration, cryo-plate, protocorms, Arundina graminifolia P-37 Development of Lateral flow test strip for Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli detection Dr. Nuttima Kositcharoenkul; [email protected] Ms. Tippawan Kanhayart; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Buranee Puawongpha; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Rungnapha Thong kreng; [email protected] (co-author) Plant Protection Research and Development, Department of Agriculture, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand

The Lateral flow test strip was developed for Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli detection on orchids using the principle of serology and lateral flow test technique on nitrocellulose membrane (NCM). The IgG of B. gladioli pv. gladioli antiserum was purified and tested by Dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) for producing Lateral flow test strip. Gold-conjugated IgG was prepared by conjugate IgG with colloidal gold and 100-120 μl/ 15 – 18 cm (6.6 μl/cm) of gold-conjugated IgG were used to line for making conjugated release pad (CRP). The results of the membrane test for producing Lateral flow test strip showed that the membrane S&S AE 99 gave an excellent test line and membrane S&S AE 100 gave a good test line. The test line and control line were made on membrane S&S AE 99 with 40 μl /2.5 X 18 cm ( 2.2 μl/ cm) of Goat anti-rabbit (GAR) and IgG. The Lateral flow test strip were tested with 108cfu/ml of B. gladioli pv. gladioli suspension. The results showed that control line and test line showed color within 5 minutes. The sensitivity of B. gladioli pv. gladioli detection on orchids using Lateral flow test strip was to a minimum concentration of 104cfu/ml.

Keywords: Orchid, Lateral flow test strip, Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli, Bacterial Brown Rot P-38 Growth of Rhizome Cuttings of Three Hedychium Species Ms. Supaporn Rodpradit; [email protected] Ms. Warunya Kuntasup; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Paiboon Ngosumat; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Udomsin Kuna; [email protected] (co-author) Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand

The objective of this study was to determine the growth of rhizome cuttings of three Hedychium species, viz. Hedychium flavescens, Hedychium stenopetalum and Hedychium neocarneum. This study was conducted from July 2013 to January 2014 at the Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai. Hedychium rhizome cuttings were cultured in mixed medium with soil:compost:rice husk (1:1:1). Rhizomes were planted to the field at 60 × 60 cm spacing under 50% shade cloth and watered daily.


After 7 months, H. flavescens rhizomes with planting weights between 40-120 g produced an average plant height of 92.9 cm, 8.9 tillers/plant and rhizome length of 32.9 cm. H. stenopetalum rhizomes weighing 90-350 g produced an average plant height of 101.4 cm, 5.3 tillers/plant and the rhizome length of 25.8 cm. H. neocarneum rhizomes weighted between 50-150 g produced an average plant height of 51.2 cm, 6.1 tillers/plant, and rhizome length of 26.0 cm. These results will be used for the development of production systems for Hedychium in the field. Keywords: Ginger lily, Rhizome cutting, Vegetative propagation, Hedychium species P-39 Effect of gamma ray on morphological variation of Nelumbo nucifera ‘Pathum’ Dr. Sirisak Soontornyatara; [email protected] Ms. Preeyaporn Sornjai; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Pratchya Taywiya; [email protected] (co-author) Agricultural Science Program, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi, Thailand Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., common name: lotus, is an aquatic plant which is widely grown in East and South-East Asian countries. Lotus flowers have only two colors, pink and white for over 100 years. The major problem of this ornamental plant is there are a few morphological characteristics to be an economic plant. Thus, this project aim is to study the effect of acute gamma ray on morphological characteristics and chromosome number variation of Nelumbo nucifera ‘Pathum’. The lotus seeds were irradiated at the doses of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 krad. The irradiated seeds were cultured in plastic pots for 60 days. The results showed that the lethal dose at 50% (LD50) was 31.95 krad. The 50 krad dose or higher were lethal for seed germination. In this experiment, the doses of 10, 20, 30 and 40 krad produced 14, 12, 14, and 5 various characteristics, respectively. The morphological characteristics of seedlings from irradiated lotus seeds were twin leaves, dispersed spot leaves and colorless leaves. The chromosome numbers of lotus were also studied and the results showed no difference between irradiated seedlings and control. This experiment gave basic information for the lotus mutation breeding. Keywords: Nelumbo nucifera, ‘Pathum’ lotus seed, gamma ray, irradiation


P-40 Effect of gamma ray on morphological characteristics of Nelumbo nucifera (Roseum Plenum lotus) Dr. Sirisak Soontornyatara, Agricultural Science Program, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi, Thailand; [email protected] Ms. Pornjarus Singhavorachai, Agricultural Science Program, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Pratchya Taywiya, Agricultural Science Program, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Kanchanaburi, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Mr. Vichai Puripunyavanich, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand; [email protected]. (co-author)

Effect of gamma ray on morphological characteristics of Nelumbo nucifera (Roseum Plenum lotus or Sacred lotus) were investigated. The lotus seeds were acutely irradiated with the doses of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1,000 Gy and the lotus rhizomes were acutely irradiated with the doses of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy. The irradiated seeds and rhizomes were planted in plastic pots for 60 days. The germination rates of irradiated seeds and control were observed. The results showed that some of the irradiated seeds were able to germinate. After that, all seedlings failed to grow. The germination rates of irradiated rhizomes with the doses of 0, 10 and 20 Gy were 90, 50 and 20 %, respectively. The morphological characteristics of lotus plants from irradiated rhizomes were different from the original lotus plants, such as undulate leaves, pink or yellow scattered spots on leaves and brown or reddish-brown young leaves. This experiment gave basic information which is very useful for lotus mutation breeding. Keywords: Nelumbo nucifera, Roseum Plenum lotus, lotus seeds, rhizome, gamma ray P-41 Effects of exogenous ethylene and 1-methylpropene on postharvest quality of potted Phalaenopsis plants Dr. Kenji Yamane, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Minemachi, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan; [email protected] Ms. Kanjana Worarad, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. Inna Rumainum, Utsunomiya University, Mine-machi 350, Utsunomiya, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Chairat Burana, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Nonthaburi, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Phalaenopsis is an important subtropical orchid in the world. In postharvest stage, potted Phalaenopsis plants have relatively long flowering periods while their flower quality could be reduced by stress, such as physical contacts and exposure to ethylene during transportation. Effects of treatments of exogenous 1 µL/L ethylene for 24 hours and 0.3 or 1 µL/L 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 4 hours were evaluated in potted Phalaenopsis ‘Pink Peace’ plants. The florets showed wilting symptom 1 day after ethylene treatment; veination appeared in perianth, and then petals were closing. They completely wilted 3 days after the ethylene treatment and


finally abscised. 1-MCP treatments significantly inhibited the effects of ethylene and maintained all of florets after 7 days. In control plants, 84% and 35% florets had ornamental value after 30 and 60 days, while 1-MCP treatments with or without ethylene maintained 87% and 46%, respectively. Interestingly, new flower buds developed on the top of flower stalks after the ethylene treatment without 1-MCP. After 60 days, 2.6 florets were flowering per pot, suggesting that wilting and abscission of all florets promoted re-flowering of the dormant flower buds. 1-MCP treatment is recommended to protect potted Phalaenopsis plants from ethylene induced by stress during shipment. Keywords: abscission, re-flowering, stress, transportation, wilting P-42 Micropropagation of Rhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.) Ridl. `Chang Phueak´ through protocorm like-bodies Supawadee Ramasoot, 99114 M. 5 Thasak Sub-District, Mueang District, Nakorn Si Thammarat 80000, Thailand; [email protected]

Chang Phueak orchids (Rhynchostylis gigantea ‘Chang Phueak’) are among the Thailand’s most popular wild orchids due to their impressively beautiful flowers. Propagation of these orchids has been hampered by the naturally slow growth rate of the plant, which renders it very difficult to be propagated through conventional methods. In vitro culture techniques have provided a useful alternative technology for propagating this recalcitrant species. In this study, the propagation of Rhynchostylis gigantea was achieved through the in vitro formation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) from protocorms that developed from a 6-month-old green capsule. The characteristics of protocorm (full-protocorms and half-protocorms) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/L) of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and (0 and 1 mg/L) of 1-Napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for the induction of PLBs. After culturing for 3 months, half-protocorms were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA and 1 mg/L NAA gave the highest percentage of PLBs and average number of shoots at 2.89±0.61 shoots/protocorm with significant difference at p≤0.05. The PLBs were cultured on different strength-MS medium (MS, ½ MS and ¼ MS) and with/without 0.2% activated charcoal for the multiplication of PLBs. After culture for 3 months it was found that MS medium gave the highest percentage of PLBs at 4.75±0.11. While ¼ MS medium gave the highest average number of shoots at 4.88±0.66 shoots/explant. In addition, ½ MS medium gave the highest number of leaves (4.75±0.56 leaves/explant) and average length of leaf (0.87±0.07 cm/explant) with significant difference at p≤0.05. Keywords: Rhynchostylis gigantea ‘Chang Phueak’, Micropropagation, PLBs,


P-43 Chemical factors affecting in vitro flowering of Ueang Ngoen Luang orchid (Dendrobium formosum Roxb.) Dr. Sureerat Yenchon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; [email protected] Prof. Dr. Sompong Te-chato, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Sainiya Samala, 272 Mu 9 Surat-Nasan Road, Khun Tha-le, Mueang, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Chemical factors affecting in vitro flowering of Ueang Ngoen Luang orchid were studied. In vitro shoots of Ueang Ngoen Luang orchid at length of 2-2.5 cm, consisted 3-4 leaves, were excised and transferred to culture on MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/L PBZ in combination with 0.5 mg/L BA or TDZ and sucrose concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 %. The results showed that 0.05 mg/L PBZ in combination with 0.5 mg/L BA and supplemented with 5% sucrose gave the highest percentage of floral bud induction at 65% significantly difference to other concentrations. However, flowers obtained in all treatments were aborted and wilted. Adding 1 mg/L silver nitrate promoted flower blooming and produced both 60% complete and 40% incomplete flowers. Keywords: in vitro flowering, Ueang Ngoen Luang orchid, Dendrobium formosum P-44 Potential Ornamental Plants in Symplocaceae from China Ms. Yujia Bai, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Jianqin Li, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Qiyi Lei, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China; [email protected] (co-author) Prof. Dr. Chunlin Long, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave, Beijing, Beijing, 100081, China; [email protected] Dr. Bo Liu, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; [email protected] (co-author, corresponding author)

Symplocaceae trees are evergreen and well-known for being used traditionally in many different ways in China. There are 42 species occurring in China. Most of them are widely distributed in subtropical regions. Some species can be cultivated as ornamental plants or having ornamental values. The Southern, Southwestern and Southeastern regions of China have rich biodiversity and cultural diversity of Symplocaceae species.The data were collected in different seasons during 2009-2014, including literature investigation. In total, 250 informants were interviewed. Ethnobotanical and botanical approaches including free listing, use frequency, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Yunnan and Jiangxi in China. This study recorded the ornamental importance and potential resources of the family Symplocaceae in tropical and subtropical areas of China. Thirty shrub or tree species were recommended here as potential ornamentals. For each species, the field distribution, ornamental value,


prediction for potential distributions and traditional management were recorded and analyzed. In addition to aesthetic values, the plants of Symplocaceae have traditionally been used for drinks, dyes, hard wood, edible fruit, medicine, valuable commercial resin or gum, and for extracting oil. We concluded that (1) China has advantage for developing and using Symplocaceae species. (2) Local knowledge on ornanmental Symplocaceae species is diversified and influenced by ethnic groups. And (3) Different ethnic groups share the same mentality towards being sustainable and also meeting their needs through resource management. Keywords: Symplocaceae, ornamental value, traditional management, development potential, ethnobotany P-45 Micropropagation of Dendrobium cruentum Rchb. f., a rare Thai orchid species Ms. Siriwipa Sangdum, M.Sc. Program in Plant Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Salaya campus, 73170, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kanchit Thammasiri, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; [email protected] Assist. Prof. Dr. Ngarmnij Chuenboonngarm, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Phayathai, 10400, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Kathawut Sopalun, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Liberal Art Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, 73140, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

Shoot tips of Dendrobium cruentum Rchb. f. were cultured on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 1% (w/v) sucrose and 1.0 ppm NAA. The survival rate, PLB (protocorm-like body) formation, number of PLBs/shoot and relative growth rate were 69%, 69%, 1 PLB/shoot and 139%, respectively. The highest production of shoots were observed on PLBs cultured on Vacin and Went (VW) agar medium supplemented with 1.5 ppm BA. This media gave the survival rate, shoot formation, number of shoots/PLB, root formation and number or roots/PLB of 77%, 75%, 34 shoots/PLB, 63% and 27 roots/PLB, respectively. Keywords: Dendrobium cruentum, 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS), Vacin and Went (VW), protocorm-like bodies, sucrose, NAA, BA


P-46 Separation and Identification of Pseudobulb Rot of Cymbidium `Yunv´ Herong Guo, College of Forestry and Landscape Architect, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; [email protected] (co-author) Teng Zhang, College of Forestry and Landscape Architect, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; [email protected] (co-author) Ms. li xie, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; [email protected] Ruizhen Zeng, College of Forestry and Landscape Architect, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; [email protected] (co-author) Zhisheng Zhang, College of Forestry and Landscape Architect, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China; [email protected] (co-author)

At present, the infectious disease has become the main obstacle factors for

Cymbidium hybrid production. The identification of the pathogens which resulted in these diseases has not been reported. The main purpose of this study was to confirm pathogen species that caused pseudobulb rot of Cymbidium ‘Yunv’ in Guangdong and provide scientific basis for disease control. Cymbidium ‘Yunv’ plants which have disease symptom were collected and observed. The pathogen was separated with tissue isolation in July, September and October 2013. The pathogenicity of single-conidium isolates was verified after pathogens were identified, morphological observation and sequence analyses of EF-1α (Elongation factor-1, EF-1α). The colonies of the fungus were mauve and fluffy on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Microconidia had 0 to 1 septum, ranged from 5.5 to 10.9 × 3.0 to 2.2 µm. Macroconidia were falcate, thick-walled, 4 to 5 septa and sized 32.7 to 40.9 × 3.5 to 5.2µm. Chlamydospores were present and ranged from 5.7 to 13.6 µm. Using PCR with primers EF1H and EF2T for Elongation factor-1 (EF-1α) sequences, the sequence was cloned to be 700bp in length and compared with GenBank showed 99 to 100% similarity with Fusarium oxysporum NRRL isolates 25098, 25099 and B8698 (Accession Nos. JF704725, JF70472 and HM852054). The pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating seedlings of Cymbidium ‘Yunv’. The results showed that pseudobulb rot of Cymbidium ‘Yunv’ in Guangdong was caused by F. oxysporum, and more research is needed to determine whether this pathogen belongs to the same physiological race as the pathogens above. Currently, at least 120 kinds of forma species and physiological races of Fusarium oxysporum has been reported, and two of them damage orchids (F. oxysporum f. sp., Cattleyae Foster and F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (Tucker) Gordon). The forma species of Fusarium oxysporum which causes pseudobulb rot of Cymbidium ‘Yunv’ in Guangdong remains to be identified. Keywords: Hybrid Cymbidium; Pseudobulb Rot; Fusarium oxysporum


P-47 Development and applications of V and D cryo-plate methods Dr. Shin-ichi Yamamoto, National Institute of Agrobiological Sci., 2-1-2 Kannnondai, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan; [email protected] Dr. Tariq Rafique, 2-1-2 Kannnondai, Tsukuba, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Daisuke Tanaka, 2-1-2 Kannnondai, Tsukuba, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Kuniaki Fukui, 2-1-2 Kannnondai, Tsukuba, Japan; [email protected] (co-author) Dr. Takao Niino, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan; [email protected] (co-author)

Safe and reliable long-term storage system is indispensable for genebank. Cryopreservation proves to be an ideal method for long-term preservation, of plant genetic resources having recalcitrant seeds or propagated vegetatively, as it requires a minimum of storage space, labor and maintenance. Cryopreservation techniques for shoot tips and embryos of many crops are already well developed. However, practical application for preservation of germplasm at genebanks on large scale is still limited. Although existing cryopreservation methods, such as vitrification and droplet methods for in vitro shoots can be applicable for this purpose but these methods need skilful manipulation and include cumbersome steps. Therefore, more systematic protocols are required to facilitate large scale cryobanking. To solve it, efficient and simple cryopreservation procedure, i.e., V (vitrification) and D (dehydration) cryo-plate methods by using small aluminum plates were developed by our team (Yamamoto et al., 2011; Niino et al., 2013). These methods have many advantages, such as simple handling, high regrowth rate, easy learning, very high cooling and warming rate and much less laborious than other methods. We have already started to preserve plant genetic resources, such as mint, strawberry, potato, mat rush and so on by these methods at NIAS genebank. Recently, these methods are also adapted for various crops including tropical species, such as sugarcane and date palm, and research on sweet potato, taro, orchid, etc. is ongoing. Thus, these methods appear to be highly promising to facilitate large scale cryobanking in genebanks, especially in tropical area.

Keywords: cryopreservation, cryo-plate, cryobanking, genebank

P-48 Species diversity and distribution of old valuable trees in Shenzhen, China Assist. Prof. Allen Hao Zhang, 514 Renfrew Road 30, Kowloon Tang, Kowloon, Hong Kong; [email protected]

Shenzhen is a city with massive infrastructural and housing development within the past 40 years. However, its long history of settlement is reflected by its numbers of old valuable trees (OVTs). This study is based on Shenzhen OVTs survey to understand their species composition and spatial distribution, in order to form a scientific base for OVT management and preservation. The 1578 OVTs belonged to 85 species and 40 families. The majority of the OVTs were native species, indicated both in tree count and species count. The broadleaved evergreen Ficus microcarpa was predominate with importance value >50. Other two dominant species were


Cinnamomum camphora and Dimocarpus longan, with >10% relative abundance. Most species belonged to family Moraceae. The highest OVT density was both found in the oldest Luohu and youngest Dapeng districts. No significant correlation of tree density was related to land area, population density, green cover, or developed year. OVT species richness were not significantly related to land area. High number and species of OVTs were found in villages, which reflected the culture and history of villagers in cultivating and preserving trees, especially those with economic and cultural values.

Keywords: Species diversity; Species distribution, Old valuable trees, Shenzhen

P-49 New Degree Programme Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Horticulture and Landscape Management in Hong Kong Assist. Prof. Allen Hao Zhang, 514, Renfrew Road 30, Kowloon Tang, Kowloon, Hong Kong; [email protected] Prof. Leslie Chen, 523, Renfrew Road 30, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong; [email protected] (co-author)

In recent years, the Government of the HKSAR has updated its policy to improve urban greenery and landscaping. According to the greening plan of the Greening, Landscape, and Tree Management Section (GLTMS) under the Development Bureau, there are new requirements in place to provide a minimum of 20%-30% of greenery to both government and private developments in recent years. Hence, the demand for landscape and horticultural management, in particular aspects related to arboricultural maintenance and management, has increased largely. At present, there are no the University Grants Committee (UGC) funded degree programmes in horticulture and landscape management studies. The Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong offers bachelor degree and in-service training programmes that are vocationally oriented. The Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Horticulture and Landscape Management programme continues this tradition and is offered to meet the manpower demand for the horticulture, arboriculture and landscape industy in Hong Kong.

Keywords: Degree programme; Horticulture and landscape management; Hong Kong P-50 Evaluation of Resistance to Root Rot Disease (Cylindrocladium spathiphylli) of Spathiphyllum Varieties Prof. Dr. Fei Xiong Liao, Coll.of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan street Guangzhou city510640, Guangdong province, China; [email protected] Huajun Dai, College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, NanChang, Jiangxi province, 330045, China; [email protected] (co-author) Assoc. Prof. Weijie Xu, College of Landscape and Art, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, jiangxi, 330045, China; [email protected] (co-author)

Spathiphyllum, belonging to the family Araceae, is an important tropical ornamental plant grown around the world. However, Root rot disease caused by Cylindrocladium spathiphylli with strong pathogenicity is a problem in the produce of Spathiphyllum plant and no effective chemical method was found to control this


disease so far. To develop disease-resistant cultivars could be a potential solution for the industry. A strain of root rot pathogens was isolated from the disease plants of Spathiphyllum using PAD and Czapek media and identified by mycelium and conidiophores morphology and pathogenicity characters. The mycelium or spore suspension with different concentration of the strain were inoculated in the pot grown plants of Spathiphyllum floribundum, S.cannifolium and three horticultural cultivars, S. 'Coddy color', S. 'Tyler green' and S. 'Parrish' or drenched plants to evaluate the resistance of these plants using a randomized complete block design. Disease percentage and severity rate of plant inoculated with mycelium is higher than with spore suspension. Plants in different growth period had different disease occurrence rate and young plants were highly susceptible to the disease. Based on the disease plant percentage and disease index, an evaluation method of disease resistance was established for Spathiphyllum, three horticultural cultivars showed high sense to this pathogen with over 80% disease plant percentage; while, S. floribundum and S. cannifolium were highly resistant to this disease and were potential germplasms for developing resistant Spathiphyllum cultivars. Keywords: Foliage plant, Araceae, root rot disease, Resistance identification P-51 Effect of Ethephon and Urea Mixtures on Flowering and Plant Quality of Bromeliad (Guzmania sp.) Dr. Montree Issarakraisila, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Tasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; [email protected] Panupong Rundon, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Tasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author) Sanya Nuanlaong, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Tasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; [email protected] (co-author)

To introduce the flowering and improve the plant quality of bromeliad (Guzmania sp.), the 8-month-old plants grown in 6-inch pots and under 50% shade were applied by a drop of the mixture solution of ethephon and urea on the top of plants at different concentrations (10 ml/plant). The experiment was designed as a factorial with 2 factors in CRD. The first factor was the concentrations of ethephon, which were 0, 0.24, 0.48 and 0.72 g/L and the second factor was the concentrations of urea, which were 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 g/L. It was found that the ethephon at 0.72 and 0.48 g/L induced 100% and 95% flowering within 3 weeks after treatments, respectively compared with 72.5% and 0% when the concentrations were 0.24 and 0 g/L, respectively. The concentrations of urea had no effects. However, the urea treatments increased the length of flower spikes as the concentrations increased up to 0.5 g/L but not by the cases of ethephon treatments. Diameter and color of floral bracts, as well as width and length of leaves were not affected by the treatments. But ethephon treatments caused the yellowish color, marginal purple color and tip burn of leaves. The mixtures with urea were found to reduce these negative symptoms when the concentrations of urea increased. In conclusion, the mixture solution of ethephon at 0.72 g/L and urea at 0.75 g/L application resulted in the earliest flowering with longer floral spike and healthy green leaves.

Keywords: Bromeliad, Guzmania sp., ethephon, urea, flowering



LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

1. Amnuai Adthalungrong Horticulture Research Institute Department of Agriculture Chatuchak, BKK 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]

2. Cedric Affouye Le coin vert Ltd, MAURITIUS [email protected]

3. Syarifah Iis Aisyah Department of Agronomy & Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti Kampus Dramaga Bogor, INDONESIA 16680

[email protected]

4. Teresita Amore Dept. of Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa 3190 Maile Way Rm 102, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

[email protected]

5. Yujia Bai College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave, Haidian, Beijing 100081, CHINA

[email protected]

6. Ornamental Group

Ban Tapchrist 84 Mu 3, Tambon Khlong Cha-un, Phanom, Surat Thani 84250, THAILAND

7. Rodrigo Barba-Gonzalez

Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas #800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara Jalisco, C.P. 44270, MEXICO

[email protected]

8. Valentina Brailko Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center, Nikita, Yalta 298648, RUSSIA

[email protected]

9. Chairat Burana Panyapiwat Institute of Management Faculty of Innovative Agricultural Management 85/1 Mu 2 Chaengwattana Rd., Bang Talad, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120 THAILAND

[email protected]

10. Vinan Chaipanich 5/4 Yen Arkard Road, Chongnonsee, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120, THAILAND

[email protected]

11. Tada Chaiphet Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, THAILAND

[email protected]

12. Supornchai Chaireok Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, THAILAND

[email protected]

13. Preedawan Chaisrichonlathan

Post-harvest Engineering Research Group, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Pathum Thani 12120, THAILAND

[email protected]

14. Supavadee Chanapan Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, THAILAND

[email protected]

15. Wirod Chankaw Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]


16. Prapaporn Chantanumat Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre. Sawi. Chumphon Horticulture Research Institute. Department of Agriculture, THAILAND

[email protected]

17. Fure-Chyi Chen Department of Plant Industry National Pingtung University of Science & Technology, 1 Hsue-Fu Rd., Nei-pu Town, Pingtung, TAIWAN 91201

[email protected]

18. Leslie H.C. Chen Faculty of Design and Environment, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, HONG KONG

[email protected]

19. Ngarmnij Chuenboonngarm

Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

20. Rojanacorn Chuengpanya Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

21. Richard Criley Tropical Plant & Soil Sciences University of Hawaii, 3190 Maile Way, rm 102, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA

[email protected]

22. Rujira Deewatthanawong

Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, THAILAND

[email protected]

23. Nataya Dum-ampai Trang Horticulture Research Centre Horticultural Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Sikoa, Trang 92150, THAILAND

[email protected]

24. Malik Fiaz Hussain

Ferdosi Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, PAKISTAN

[email protected]

25. Seiichi Fukai Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kitta-gun, 761-0795 Kagawa, JAPAN

[email protected]

26. Yan Gao Shanghai Botanical Garden, No. 1111 Longwu Rd, Xuhui, Shanghai, CHINA

[email protected]

27. Herong Guo College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, tianhe, Guangzhou City 510642, Guangdong, CHINA

[email protected]

28. Sultana Umma

Habiba The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, JAPAN

[email protected]

29. Syed Mostafizul

Haque The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, JAPAN

30. Panupon Hongpakdee Department of Plant Sciences and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, THAILAND

[email protected]

31. Sineenat Honhuta The Botanic Garden Organization, 100 Mu 9, Mae Ram, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, THAILAND

[email protected]


32. Weijuan Huang College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Avenue, Haidian, Beijing 100081, CHINA

[email protected]

33. YA-Ling Huang 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, TAIWAN

[email protected]

34. Wachiraya Imsabai Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, THAILAND

[email protected]

35. Tagrid Imsomboon Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

36. Chaiartid Inkham Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Road, Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai 50200, THAILAND

[email protected]

37. Montree Issarakraisila School of Agricultural Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Sri Thammarat 80160, THAILAND

[email protected]

38. Thaya Jenjittikul Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

39. Changhua Jiang Shanghai Botanical Garden; No. 1111 Longwu Rd, Xuhui, Shanghai, CHINA

[email protected]

40. Pongphen Jitareerat Division of Postharvest Technology School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, THAILAND

[email protected]

41. Nipawan Jitsopakul Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University Technology Isan, Surin Campus Surin, THAILAND

[email protected]

42. Kanapol Jutamanee Department of Botany, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]

43. Tanaporn Kajonphol Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Campus, Sakon Nakon, THAILAND

[email protected]

44. Sirichai Kanlayanarat King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, THAILAND

[email protected]

45. Oliver Kemp Astrupvej 76 3 th, DENMARK [email protected]

46. Vinai Khaotrairat Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]

47. Chaiyut Khunritkaeo Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]


48. Chalisa Klaipuengsin Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

49. Zinaida Klimenko Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center, Nikita, Yalta 298648, RUSSIA

[email protected]

50. Supawadee Kongchu Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]

51. Panida Kongsawadworakul


[email protected]

52. Kittima Kongton Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani, THAILAND

[email protected]

53. Nuttima Kositcharoenkul

Plant Protection Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, THAILAND

[email protected]

54. Warunya Kuntasup Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7 Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, THAILAND

[email protected]

55. Nichcha Laempetch Chumphon Horticulture Research Center Sawi, Department of Agriculture, Chumphon 86130, THAILAND

[email protected]

56. Uraiwan Laongsri Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]

57. Setapong Lekawatana Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, THAILAND

[email protected]

58. Jianqin Li College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave, Haidian, Beijing 100081, CHINA

[email protected]

59. Zhijun Li College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alaer, Akesu, Xinjiang 483300, CHINA

[email protected]

60. Fei Xiong Liao College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe, Guangzhou city 510640, Guangdong, CHINA

[email protected]

61. Chunlin Long College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave, Haidian, Beijing 100081, CHINA

[email protected]

62. Henrik Lutken Crop Sciences Section, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Alle9, DENMARK

[email protected]

63. Upatham Meesawat Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, THAILAND

[email protected]

64. Hasan Mehraj The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, JAPAN


65. Irina Mitrofanova Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center, Nikita, Yalta 298648, RUSSIA

[email protected]

66. Atchara Muengkrut Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

67. Maliwan Nakkuntod Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, THAILAND

[email protected]

68. Benjamas Nupan Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani, THAILAND

[email protected]

69. Kullanart Obsuwan Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, 6 Rachamuncha-ni, Pra Pathom Chedi, Mueang, Nakhon Pathom 73000, THAILAND

[email protected]

70. Annop Ongsakul Sulee Nursery, 6 Chumphon Road, Muang, Phuket 83000, THAILAND

[email protected]

71. Nathinee Panvisavas Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

72. Sasithorn Phorkar Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, THAILAND

[email protected]

73. Aussanee Pichakum Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

74. Montakant Pittakit Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, THAILAND

[email protected]

75. Svetlana Plugatar Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center, Nikita, Yalta 298648, RUSSIA

[email protected]

76. Yuriy Plugatar Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center, Nikita, Yalta 298648, RUSSIA

[email protected]

77. Umpika Poonnachit Horticultural Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, 50 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]

78. Withayaporn Pornchuti Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

79. Sasikarn Prasongsom Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

80. Hugh W. Pritchard Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, West Sussex, UNITED KINGDOM

[email protected]

81. Tasanai Punjansing Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, THAILAND

[email protected]


82. Supawadee Ramasoot Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, 1 M.4 Thangew, Mueang, Nakhon Si Thammarat, THAILAND

[email protected]

83. Suphat Rittirat Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280, THAILAND

[email protected]

84. Supaporn Rodpradit Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden P.O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, THAILAND

[email protected]

85. Md. Zohurul Kadir

Roni The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, JAPAN

86. Karnchana Rungruchkanont

Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, PO. Box 10 Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, THAILAND

[email protected]

87. Siriwipa Sangdum Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

88. Manoon Samala Office of the Regional Public Prosecution, Region 8, 24/4-5 Na Muang Road, Tambon Talad, Mueang, Surat Thani 84000, THAILAND

[email protected]

89. Sainiya Samala Program in Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani, 84100, THAILAND

[email protected]

90. Chontira Sangsiri Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi 71150, THAILAND

[email protected]

91. Margrethe Serek Leibniz University of Hannover, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Horticulture Production Systems, Floriculture, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hanover, GERMANY

[email protected]

92. Mahammad Khasim

Shaik Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA

[email protected]

93. Phutsadi Sikhwan Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]

94. Luxsana Soamkul 5/4 Yen Arkard Road, Chongnonsee, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120, THAILAND

[email protected]

95. Wisuwat Songnuan Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

96. Kamonporn Songnun Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180, THAILAND

[email protected]

97. Sutthinut Soonthornkalump

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, THAILAND

[email protected]


98. Puangpaka Soontornchainaksaeng (Umpunjun)


[email protected]

99. Sirisak Soontornyatara Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Sai Yok, Kanchanaburi 71150, THAILAND

[email protected]

100. Sujinda Sornpood The Botanic Garden Organization, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, THAILAND

[email protected]

101. Narumol Sota Faculty of Science and Technology, Loei Rajabhat University, 234 Loei - Chiang-Khan Road, Mueang, Loei 42000, THAILAND

[email protected]

102. Sombat Sriwanngarm Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

103. Sudarsono Sudarsono PMB Lab, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, INDONESIA

[email protected]

104. Dewi Sukma Department of Agronomy and Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

105. Niramon Suntipabvivattana

School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang, Chiang Rai 57100, THAILAND

[email protected]

106. Anu Suwannachom Chiang Mai Royal Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 54, Hangdong, Chiang Mai 50230, THAILAND

[email protected]

107. Bhuripan Suwannamek Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, THAILAND

[email protected]

108. Jon Suzuki USDA ARS Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center 64 Nowelo St. Hilo, HI 96720, USA

[email protected]

109. Sasivimon C. Swangpol Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

110. Kanchit Thammasiri Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

111. Malinee Thammasiri Yothinburana School, Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300, THAILAND

[email protected]

112. Nopparat Thawinwathin Department of Agricultural Extension 2143/1 Phaholyothin Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, THAILAND

[email protected]

113. Chockpisit Thepsithar Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, 6 Ratchamankha Nai Rd., Pra Pathom Chedi, Mueang, Nakhon Pathom 73000, THAILAND

[email protected]


114. Borworn Tontiworachai Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Mu 3, Tambon Khlong 5, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, THAILAND

[email protected]

115. Paweena Traiperm Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

116. Petch Tripetch 5/4 Yen Arkard Road, Chongnonsee, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120, THAILAND

[email protected]

117. Waraporn Udomdee Department of Agriculture, Tak Provincial Research and Development Center, Mueang, Tak, THAILAND

[email protected]

118. Apiradee Uthairatnakij Division of Postharvest Technology School of Bioresoures and Technology King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, THAILAND

[email protected]

119. Suyanee Vessabutr The Botanic Garden Organization, 100 Mu 9, Mae Ram, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, THAILAND

[email protected]

120. Unchera Viboonjun Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

121. Ladawan Viparatanakorn Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND

[email protected]

122. Siriporn Vorakuldumrongchai

Chanthaburi Horticultural Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute, Klung 22110, Chanthaburi, THAILAND

[email protected]

123. Yi-Gang Wei Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guilin Botanical Garden Guangxi Institute of Botany, No. 85, Yanshan Town, Guilin, Guangxi, CN-541006, CHINA

[email protected]

124. Fang Wen Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guilin Botanical Garden Guangxi Instituute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, CN 541006, CHINA

[email protected]

125. Kanjana Worarad Utsunomiya University, Faculty of Agriculture, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, JAPAN

[email protected]

126. Li Xie College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Washan , Tianhe District, Guangzhou City 510642, Guangdong, CHINA

[email protected]

127. Shin-ichi Yamamoto National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8602, JAPAN

[email protected]


128. Kenji Yamane Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Minemachi 350, Utsunomiya City, JAPAN

[email protected]

129. Sureerat Yenchon Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, THAILAND

[email protected]

130. Shin-Chang Yuan 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, TAIWAN

[email protected]

131. Ruizhen Zeng College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tienhe District, Guangzhou City 510642, Guangdong, CHINA

[email protected]

132. Allen Hao Zhang Faculty of Design and Environment, Technological and Higher Education Institute (THEi), HONG KONG

[email protected]

133. Ruyao Zhang Shanghai Botanical Garden; No. 1111 Longwu Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, CHINA

[email protected]

134. Zhisheng Zhang College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City 510642, Guangdong, CHINA

[email protected]

135. Guangqi Zhao Shanghai Botanical Garden; No. 1111 Longwu Rd., Xuhui District, Shanghai, CHINA

[email protected]

136. Sixiang Zheng Number 6, Haitian Road, Tianyuan District of Zhuzhou, Hunan 412007, CHINA

[email protected]


Documents

Book of Abstracts The First International Symposium on Tropical and