B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

Bonneville Power Administration Heat Pump Water Heater Laboratory

Testing Results & Field Work

August 2, 2011

Kacie Bedney, BPA Project ManagerBen Larson, Ecotope Research Scientist

Additional slides courtesy of……NEEAAmmi Amarnath, EPRI Technical Executive Christine Bunch, SCL Retail Program Manager

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

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Agenda BPA Lab Testing Project

• Project Goals• Equipment Examined• Measurement & Verification Overview (M&V Plan)• Equipment Comparisons• Compressor Ranges, COP & Mapping Results• Annualized COPs

NEEA Lab Testing Bunch, SCL Retail Program Manager

EPRI Demonstration Project• Description• Research Objectives• Early Results

Seattle City Light HPWH Program

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

Lab Testing Project Goals

Using a controlled laboratory environment, evaluate the performance of HPWHs in Pacific NW conditions

Determine impacts of the HPWHs on the spaces where they are installed

Estimate energy savings of the equipment

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Equipment Examined

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GE

50-gallon

AO Smith

80-gallon

Rheem

50-gallon

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Measurement & Verification Plan

Developed 1.5 yrs ago with help of advisory committee: • http://www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/pd

f/HPWH_MV_Plan_Final_012610.pdf

Conducted national lab search and selected National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) to perform the tests

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M&V Plan Overview

M&V Plan consists of multiple test types:• COP Mapping

– as a function of both ambient air conditions and water temperatures

– also includes restricted airflow testing

• DOE Standard Rating Points– 24 hr Energy Factor (EF) and 1st hr Rating

• Operating Mode Explorations– determine under what conditions equipment switches from heat pump

to resistance element use

• Draw Profiles– simulated use tests

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24hr, 1hr Results & Spec. Comparison    GE GeoSpring Rheem HP50 AO Smith Voltex PHPT-80  Units Lab Meas. Spec. Sheet Lab Meas. Spec. Sheet Lab Meas. Spec. SheetUpper* Element kW 4.5 2.5 2.5 4.5Lower* Element kW 4.5 2.5 2.5 2Compressor** Power W 300-700 700 450-1100 -- 550-1100 700Standby Power W 3 2 8 -- 8 --Fan*** Power W 5-10 -- 11 -- 85 --Pump Power W na na 73 -- na na

Airflow Path: 

Inlet on sides. Exhaust to back.

Inlet on top. Exhaust to sides.

Inlet on left side. Exhaust to right side.

Airflow cfm 100-175 -- 100 -- 475 --Refrigerant   R-134a R-410a R-134aPerformance Characteristics Test Mode:   Hybrid Energy Saver Hybrid

Tank Volume gal 45.5 50 45.3 50 75 80First Hr Rating gal 61.7 63 70.5 67 87 84Energy Factor EF 2.41 2.35 1.69 2 2.29 2.33Tank Heat Loss Rate Btu/hr-F 3.8 -- 5.1 -- 3.9 --*240V supply. Elements interlocked for GE and AO Smith, may operate in tandem for Rheem.**range depends on water T and ambient T. Power increases with both.***variable speed depends on conditions

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Compressor Operating Ranges Colored areas show ambient air T and ave tank T in which the compressor

operates Green – AO Smith, Blue – GE, Gray –Rheem ATI66 (not shown) has extended low Tamb range with active defrost cycles

• Verified operation to 30F with high RH conditions

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Compressor COP Map Results

COP mapping created a full performance characterization of the equipment under a range of environmental condition• COP depends strongly on Tdb & TTank and less so on Twb

Measured the operational boundaries of the compressor

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COP Mapping Results

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Summary Findings Lab measured characteristics of equipment and performed DOE

rating tests achieving results comparable to published data

Completely map compressor performance over operating ranges• Determine under what draw conditions units switch to resistance element • Draw profiles show link between storage capacity and overall efficiency

Key equipment findings:• Circulation pumps can destratify the tank potentially leading to

compromised user experience

• Rheem has limited low temperature compressor range leading to more element use

• Both Rheem and GE storage capacity of 45 gallons tends to result in more element use especially around peak draw periods

• AO Smith larger storage capacity of 75 gallons reduces element use

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Annualized COPs & DHW Energy Use

Energy use for water heater only – does not include interactive effects on heating & cooling

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Annual COP Annual Energy Use (kWh)HZ1 HZ2 HZ3 HZ1 HZ2 HZ3

Garage

GE 1.3 1.3 1.1 2458 2607 2985AO Smith 1.9 1.8 1.4 1711 1837 2292Rheem 0.9 0.9 0.8 3681 3780 4036

Baseline 0.9 0.9 0.9 3691 3702 3748

Unheated Basement

GE 1.3 1.2 1.1 2520 2760 2949AO Smith 1.9 1.7 1.5 1735 1963 2134Rheem 0.9 0.9 0.8 3769 3883 4058

Baseline 0.9 0.9 0.9 3696 3711 3727

Conditioned Space (67F)

GE 1.7 1967AO Smith 2.3 1429Rheem 1.2 2846

Baseline 0.9 3637

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NEEA Test UnitManufacturer: AirGenerateModel: ATI66Features:

• 66 gallon nominal (64 measured)• Tank Material: Stainless Steel• Refrigerant – 410A• Electric Element – 4kW• Compressor Size – 7700 BTU/Hr• Exhaust ducting• Reverse cycle defrost• Supports simultaneous resistance element and heat

pump operation

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EPRI/BPA HPWH Demonstration

Nationwide testing of 160+ residential HPWHs• GE, AO Smith, Rheem

Collaborative research with multiple utilities

BPA utilities will test 40 units in the region (with an additional 13 control homes)

HPWHs monitored for: efficiency, performance, reliability, electric demand, application issues and customer behavior

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EPRI/BPA HPWH Demonstration

Research objectives:

Assess heat pump water heater technology by measuring efficiency

Provide credible data on the performance and reliability of heat pump water heaters

Assess user satisfaction in a residential setting

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EPRI/BPA Demonstration Project

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Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for All Sites, January 2011

92 gal/day

216 gal/day

18 gal/day

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0Monthly Average of the Temperature Measured Near the HPWH (°F)

Mo

nth

ly C

OP

Model AModel BModel C

Each Bubble Represents a Unique SiteBubble Size Approximates the Average Amount of Water Use per DayHigh Average Daily Water Draw Labeled in Red, Medium in Blue, Low in Green

Preliminary Results

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Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, January 2011

86 gal/day

45 gal/day

18 gal/day

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0Monthly Average of the Temperature Measured Near the HPWH (°F)

Mo

nth

ly C

OP

Model AModel BModel C

Each Bubble Represents a Unique SiteBubble Size Approximates the Average Amount of Water Use per DayHigh Average Daily Water Draw Labeled in Red, Medium in Blue, Low in Green

Preliminary Results

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Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, February 2011

15 gal/day

100 gal/day

45 gal/day

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0Monthly Average of the Temperature Measured Near the HPWH (°F)

Mo

nth

ly C

OP

Model AModel BModel C

Each Bubble Represents a Unique SiteBubble Size Approximates the Average Amount of Water Use per DayHigh Average Daily Water Draw Labeled in Red, Medium in Blue, Low in Green

Preliminary Results

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Monthly COP vs. Ambient Temp for BPA/Snohomish PUD, March 2011

99 gal/day

25 gal/day

53 gal/day

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0Monthly Average of the Temperature Measured Near the HPWH (°F)

Mo

nth

ly C

OP

Model AModel BModel C

Each Bubble Represents a Unique SiteBubble Size Approximates the Average Amount of Water Use per DayHigh Average Daily Water Draw Labeled in Red, Medium in Blue, Low in Green

Preliminary Results

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BPA TimelinesBPA Lab Testing Schedule October 2009 – Project kick-off with Ecotope November 2009 – Formed Advisory Committee January 2010 – Final M&V Plan issued June 2010 – Lab testing kick-off with NREL July 2011 – Preliminary assessment reports issued on AO Smith, GE and

Rheem August/September 2011 – Final report due

EPRI/BPA Demonstration Project Schedule May 2010 – Project kick-off with EPRI, SnoPUD and Fluid Market Strategies January 2011 – Installation complete March 2012 – Data collection complete June 2012 – Final report due from EPRI

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BPA Links

Lab Testing Results M&V Plan Preliminary lab results for AO Smith, GE, Rheem HPWH Advisory Committee Presentation 6-30-11

(for those wishing to dig into the fine details) Link to the above…..

http://www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/projects.cfm

EPRI Demonstration Project http://www.bpa.gov/Energy/N/pdf/BPA_HPWH-demo-

project_Overview_Final.pdf

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Summary of BPA Results

Early results from EPRI field test BPA/Snohomish sites• Ambient air temperature data for various installations• Hot water flow rates, energy use and COPs• Customer survey results

Lab performance curves for GE, Rheem, AO Smith

Annualized COPs and HPWH energy use by• Manufacturer• Heating zone • Location in home

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Seattle City Light HPWH Program

New program launched Jan. 1, 2011

• Marketed primarily in retail big-box locations

• $250 rebate. Evaluating whether to increase to $500 in 2012 to align with PSE.

Program requirements• ENERGY STAR, installed in

unconditioned space such as garage or unconditioned basement.

Rebated units• 9 units – all are the GE Geospring 50

gal.• 8 installed by contractor, 1 DIY• In process of verifying units and sending

out surveys

In-store counter card

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Next Steps

Review presentations and report details Next RTF meeting, presentation on:

• Northern Climate Specification• Unit Energy Savings proposal• Ongoing HPWH research

– EPRI HPWH Demonstration Project– Other lab and field tests

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Contact Information

BPA Lab Testing, Field TestingKacie Bedney, HPWH Project ManagerBonneville Power Administration503.230.4631kcbedney@bpa.gov

BPA Emerging TechnologyJack Callahan, Emerging TechnologyBonneville Power Administration503.230.4496jmcallahan@bpa.gov

BPA Residential Sector LeadSarah F. Moore, Residential LeadBonneville Power Administration503.230.4157sfmoore@bpa.gov

EcotopeBen Larson, Research Scientist206.322.3753, ext 207ben@ecotope.com