Bonding in Solids

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Chemists often divide solids into two types:

Crystalline solids

Amorphous solids

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Have indistinct shapes because their structural units lack order.

Example: Glass and rubber

Amorphous Solids

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Have organized structural units and distinct shapes

Example: Garnet

Crystalline Solids

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Crystalline Solids

Chemists classify crystalline solids into five categories

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Crystalline Solids

Atomic Solids - Covalent Non-polarIndividual atoms held together by London Dispersion ForcesVery low melting and boiling pointsVery rare (Noble gases in solid state)

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Crystalline Solids

Molecular Solids- Covalent PolarStronger dipole-dipole forces giving them higher melting and boiling points then atomic

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Crystalline Solids

Network SolidsCovalently bonded to form 3D structures. Often form crystalline structures in carbon-based solids

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Crystalline Solids

Ionic SolidsArray of ions, arrange in a crystal lattice structure.

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Crystalline Solids

Metallic SolidsFree electrons pool around metal cations.Strong bonding leads to high boiling and melting points.

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