bolts TechnicalData.pdf

M & D SPECIALISEDFASTENERS cc.

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS PageDIMENSIONS

ISO Metric Mild Steel Hexagon Bolts, Screws and Nuts 1ISO Metric Mild Steel Cup Square Bolts 2ISO Metric Mild Steel Set Screws 3ISO Metric Mild Steel Nuts 3ISO Metric Mild Steel Countersunk Nib Bolts 4ISO Metric Mild Steel Countersunk Square Bolts 4

HIGH TENSILE AND PRECISION PRODUCTSDIMENSIONS

ISO Metric Precision Hexagon Bolts 5ISO Metric Precision Hexagon Set Screws 5ISO Metric Precision Hexagon Nuts 6ISO Metric Friction Grip Bolts 6ISO Metric Friction Grip Nuts 6Dimensions of Flat Round Chamfered Washers through hardened 7Unified Precision Hexagon Bolts and Set Screws 8Unified Precision Hexagon Nuts 8

SCREW PRODUCTSSOCKET HEAD CAP SCREWS

ISO Metric Socket Head Cap Screws 9Unified Inch (1960) Socket Head Cap Screws 10BS Inch Socket Head Cap Screws 11

FLAT HEAD SOCKET SCREWSISO Metric Flat Head Socket Screws 12Unified Inch Flat Head Socket Screws 13

SOCKET SCREWSISO Metric Socket Button Head Screws 14Metric Socket Shoulder Screws 14ISO Metric Socket Set Screws 15 & 16

DIMENSIONSSlotted and Pozidriv Wood Screws 20Hammer Drive Screws 20Pozidriv Self Tapping Screws Types AB and B 21Pozidriv and Hex Self Tapping Screws Types AB and B 21Self Tapping Thread Form and Point Details 22Slotted Self Tapping Screws Types AB and B 23Pozidriv Machine Screws 24Taptite Thread Forming Screws 25

PILOT HOLE SIZES (SCREWS)Taptite Thread Forming Screws 25Self Tapping Screws(Case Hardened Steel Screws and 18/8 Stainless Steel Screws) 26Hammer Drive Screws 26

TECHNICAL INFORMATION (SCREWS)Technical Data for ISO Metric Slotted Machine Screws 27Suggested Tightening Torques (ISO Metric Slotted Machine Screws) 27Recommended Torsional Strength for Self Tapping Screws 22

HIGH STRENGTH FRICTION GRIP BOLTSTechnical Information and Methods of Torque Tightening 28A Guide to the Selection of Torque Values 32

WRENCHESISO Metric High Titan Hexagon Wrenches 17

PINSMetric Dowel Pins 18Metric Sel-Lok Spring Pins 19

METRIC-IMPERIAL CONVERSIONS AND FACTORS 34

ISO STRENGTH GRADES FOR STEEL BOLTS, STUDS AND NUTS 34

MECHANICAL PROPERTIESISO Metric Friction Grip Bolts and Nuts 7 & 30ISO Metric Steel Bolts, Screws and Studs 35Proof Load Properties ISO Metric Steel Nuts 36Proof Load Properties ISO Metric Steel Bolts and Screws 36UNC/ UNF Bolts and Set Screws 37UNC/ UNF Nuts 37Imperial Strength Grades - Steel Bolts, Screws, Studs and Nuts 38Strength Grade Comparisons Steel Bolts, Screws and Studs 38

CORROSION PROTECTIONUSE OF CORROSION RESISTANT FINISHES 39USE OF CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIALS(STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCTS) 40

MATERIALS FOR STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS 41

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS IN CONTACT WITHOTHER MATERIALS 45

M & D SPECIALISED FASTENERS cc.Tel: (011) 868-1172 Fax: (011) 868-1190

e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.m-d.co.za 550 Delfos Avenue, Alrode South P.O. Box 136174, Alberton North, 1456

M & D SPECIALISED FASTENERS cc.

Index

R

R

R

R

R

R


M & D SPECIALISED FASTENERS cc.REG NO. CK 87/21963/23

NOTE:* For SABS 135 bolts only* Din 601 is always 2d + 6

I.S.O. Metric Mild SteelHexagon Bolts,Screws and Nuts(SABS 135/DIN 555)

1


25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

SET & NUT XOX(Hexagon Head Bolts and Nuts)- Mild SteelQuantity per 25kg bag

LENGTHK S

M

THREAD LENGTH

E

d

NB

m

Dimension M36

4,0

37,00

35,00

55,00

53,80

24,05

21,95

29,65

28,35

M33

3,5

34,0

32,0

50,0

49,0

22,05

19,95

27,05

24,95

M30

3,5

30,84

29,16

46,00

45,00

20,05

17,95

24,65

23,35

(M27)

3,0

27,84

26,16

41,0

40,0

17,9

16,1

23,05

20,95

M24

3,0

24,84

23,16

36,00

35,00

15,90

14,10

19,65

18,35

M22

2,5

22,84

21,16

34,0

33,0

14,9

13,1

18,90

17,10

M20

2,5

20,84

19,16

30,00

29,16

13,90

12,10

16,55

15,45

M16

2,0

16,70

15,30

24,00

23,16

10,45

9,55

13,55

12,45

M12

1,75

12,70

11,30

19,00

18,48

8,45

7,55

10,45

9,55

M10

1,5

10,58

9,42

17,00

16,57

7,45

6,55

8,45

7,55

M8

1,25

8,58

7,42

13,00

12,57

5,88

5,13

6,88

6,13

M6

1,0

6,48

5,52

10,00

9,64

4,38

3,63

5,38

4,63

Pitch of Thread

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

d

s

k

m

Diameter

Nominal Length

Up to and including 65 mm

Over 65 mm up to and

including 125 mm

Up to and including 125 mm

Over 125 mm up to and

including 200 mm

Over 200 mm

Nominal Dia.

M16-M24

M6-M12

M27-M36

M6-M36

Thread Length

1,5 d *

2d + 6*

2d + 12

2d + 25

THREAD LENGTH ON BOLTS

Dia 6

P=1.00

2758

2464

-

2049

-

1760

-

-

1401

-

1258

-

1084

1001

-

868

803

774

744

681

672

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dia 8

P=1.25

1382

1265

1177

1058

985

915

853

-

736

-

686

328

583

531

501

457

443

414

389

377

332

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dia 10

P=1.50

790

728

680

648

582

547

512

-

461

-

415

-

364

328

305

285

270

246

237

227

205

184

179

161

145

140

127

Dia 12

P=1.75

526

496

680

435

406

388

352

-

314

-

283

-

249

228

214

176

183

173

162

155

140

128

129

108

102

95

91

Dia 16

P=2.00

242

232

216

206

196

185

177

170

157

151

145

137

126

117

109

102

95

90

85

81

75

68

63

59

55

51

49

Dia 20

P=2.50

-

-

-

114

110

105

100

96

93

89

84

80

75

69

65

61

58

55

53

50

45

42

39

36

34

32

30

Dia 24

P=3.00

-

-

-

-

-

65

63

60

58

57

55

54

50

45

43

41

38

36

35

33

30

28

26

24

23

21

20

Dia 27

P=3.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

30

30

30

30

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dia 30

P=3.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

32

31

31

30

28

27

26

24

22

21

20

20

18

10

16

15

14

13

12

????

P=4.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

19

-

15

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

9

9


20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

65

75

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300


I.S.O. Metric Mild SteelCup Square Bolts(SABS 1143/BS 4933)

Dimension M20

20,84

19,16

45,00

43,40

10,90

10,00

10,90

10,00

M16

16,70

15,30

36,00

34,40

8,90

8,00

8,90

8,00

M12

12,70

11,30

27,00

25,70

6,80

6,00

6,80

6,00

M10

10,58

9,42

22,50

21,20

5,80

5,00

5,00

5,80

M8

8,58

7,42

18,00

16,90

4,80

4,00

4,80

4,00

M6

6,48

5,52

13,52

12,40

3,60

3,00

3,60

3,00

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

d

D

k

f

Diameter

For nut sizes see ISO Metric Mild Steel Bolts, Screws and Nuts, above.For thread length, see table above.

LENGTHK

THREAD LENGTH

d

f

D

2


CUP SQ BOLT & NUT(Cup Head Socket Neck Bolts and Nuts)Mild SteelQuantity per 25kg bag

Dia 6

P=1.00

2585

2358

2110

1888

1753

1635

1593

1418

1293

1157

1030

961

880

817

777

752

688

660

592

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dia 8

P=1.25

1250

1177

1090

1038

918

862

799

770

687

624

538

508

477

440

417

404

372

358

322

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dia 10

P=1.50

720

668

624

-

538

503

466

452

406

368

323

319

279

275

262

246

231

220

198

182

171

158

148

138

131

Dia 12

P=1.75

-

396

373

-

340

317

302

287

276

251

223

205

194

185

178

163

154

145

132

126

116

108

101

94

89

Dia 16

P=2.00

-

-

-

-

172

-

160

-

140

128

114

107

100

95

90

85

79

-

71

66

62

58

54

-

47

Dia 20

P=2.50

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

82

78

71

64

62

57

55

52

48

-

45

-

-

-

-

-

-



I.S.O. Metric Mild SteelSet Screws(DIN 558/ SABS 135)

3


NOTE:P = Thread pitch

Thread size M5

0,8

3,5

3,12

3,88

8

7,64

Nominal size

min.

max.

max. - nominal size

min.

P )

k

s

1

M6

1

4

3,62

4,38

10

9,64

M8

1,25

5,3

4,92

5,68

13

12,57

M10

1,5

6,4

5,95

6,85

17

16,57

M12

1,75

7,5

7,05

7,95

19

18,48

M16

2

10

9,25

10,75

24

23,16

M20

2,5

12,5

11,6

13,4

30

29,16

M24

3

15

14,1

15,9

36

35

M30

3,5

18,7

17,65

19,75

46

45

M36

4

22,5

21,45

23,55

55

53,8

1

NOTE:P = Thread pitch

Thread size (d) M5

0,8

6,7

8,63

4

4,6

3,4

2,7

8

7,64

min.

min.

nominal size

max.

min.

min.

max = nominal size

min.

P )

k

s

1

1

M6

1

8,7

10,89

5

5,6

4,4

3,5

10

9,64

M8

1,25

11,5

14,2

6,5

7,25

5,75

4,6

13

12,57

M10

1,5

15,5

18,72

8

8,75

7,25

5,8

17

16,57

M12

1,75

17,2

20,88

10

10,75

9,25

7,4

19

18,48

M16

2

22

26,17

13

13,9

12,1

9,7

24

23,16

M20

2,5

27,7

32,95

16

16,9

15,1

12,1

30

29,16

(M22)

2,5

29,5

35,03

18

18,9

17,1

13,7

32

31

M24

3

33,2

39,55

19

20,05

17,95

14,4

36

35

(M27)

3

38

45,2

22

23,05

20,95

16,8

41

40

M30

3,5

42,7

50,85

24

25,05

22,95

18,4

46

45

M36

4

51,1

60,79

29

30,05

27,95

22,4

55

53,8

(M33)

3,5

46,5

55,37

26

27,05

24,95

20

50

49

I.S.O. MetricMild Steel Nuts(DIN 555/SABS 135)

15 to 30

s

NB

m’

d

d w

m

m1

m’ - Minimum wrenching height (0,8 m minimum).

Countersink at start of threadpermissible at either side.

151

e

Size

12

16

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

M6

4772

4640

4289

3763

3205

2906

2716

2403

2232

2083

1985

1811

1756

1664

1569

1445

1429

1315

1297

M8

2578

2379

2129

1874

1663

1524

1388

1250

1178

1077

1008

966

896

862

803

764

730

698

684

M10

1235

1151

1040

949

879

813

752

705

623

608

578

525

517

498

424

410

M12

725

698

656

592

552

511

476

435

409

393

366

348

339

309

284

M16

362

328

303

281

262

244

232

218

207

195

187

173

DIN 558 Approximate count per 25kg bag

K S

NB

m



I.S.O. Metric Mild SteelCountersunk Nib Bolts(SABS 1143)

I.S.O. Metric Mild SteelCountersunkSquare Bolts(SABS 1143)

LENGTH

THREAD LENGTH

d

k

D

90 /

92

y

4


*D max. is the theoretical diameter to sharp corners, also countersunk diameter to give flush fit.For nut size see ISO Metric Mild Steel Bolts, Screws and Nuts, page 2.For thread length see page 1.

Dimension M10

10,58

9,42

20,00

17,00

2,50

2,10

6,30

5,15

Max.

Min.

*Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

d

D

g

k

Diameter

M12

12,70

11,30

24,00

20,40

3,00

2,60

7,50

6,20

M16

16,70

15,30

32,00

27,20

4,00

3,50

10,00

8,30

M20

20,84

19,16

40,00

34,00

5,00

4,50

12,50

10,40

M24

24,84

23,16

48,00

40,80

6,00

5,50

15,00

12,50

LENGTH

THREAD LENGTH

d

C

D

90 /

92

DimensionM10

10,58

9,42

20,00

17,00

7,50

6,00

Max.

Min.

*Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

d

D

c

Diameter

M12

12,70

11,30

24,00

20,40

9,00

7,20

M16

16,70

15,30

32,00

27,20

12,00

9,60

M20

20,84

19,16

40,00

34,00

15,00

12,00

M24

24,84

23,16

48,00

40,80

18,00

14,40

*D max. is the theoretical diameter to sharp corners, also countersunk diameter to give flush fit.For nut size see ISO Metric Mild Steel Bolts, Screws and Nuts, page 2.For thread length see page 1.

Dia 12

P=1.75

638

590

533

500

426

350

-

-

-

-

-

25

30

35

40

50

65

75

80

90

100

160

Dia 16

P=2.00

-

-

-

245

217

181

161

155

-

129

-

Dia 20

P=2.50

-

-

-

144

129

112

-

94

86

80

54

Dia 10

P=1.50

-

869

730

693

617

-

506

-

-

-

CSK SQ(Countersunk Head Square Neck Bolts and Hex Nuts)Quantity per 25kg bag

25

30

40

45

50

55

65

75

90

100

Dia 12

P=1.75

608

565

485

457

414

399

348

305

-

-

Dia 16

P=2.00

-

-

-

-

214

-

181

163

140

-

Dia 20

P=2.50

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

98

-

-

CSK NIB(Countersunk Nib Bolts and Hex Nuts)Quantity per 25kg bag



LENGTH

Diameter

LENGTH OF THREAD (L1) ON BOLTSUp to and including 125 mm = 2 x diameter + 6 mmOver 125 mm up to 200 mm = 2 x diameter + 12 mmOver 200 mm = 2 x diameter + 25 mm

I.S.O. Metric PrecisionHexagon Bolts(SABS 136/DIN 931)

I.S.O. Metric Precision Hexagon Set Screws(SABS 136/DIN 933)

Dimension (M5)

0,8

5,00

4,82

8,00

7,85

8,87

3,65

3,35

Pitch of Thread

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Min.

Max.

Min.

d

s

e

k

LENGTHK S

THREAD LENGTH

E

d

NB

m 8.8

M6

1,0

6,00

5,82

10,00

9,78

11,05

4,15

3,85

M8

1,25

8,00

7,78

13,00

12,73

14,38

5,65

5,35

M10

1,50

10,00

9,78

17,00

16,73

18,90

7,18

6,82

M12

1,75

12,00

11,73

19,00

18,67

21,10

8,18

7,82

M14

2,00

14,00

13,73

22,00

21,67

24,49

9,18

8,82

M16

2,00

16,00

15,73

24,00

23,67

26,75

10,18

9,82

M20

2,50

20,00

19,67

30,00

29,67

33,53

13,22

12,79

(M22)

2,50

22,00

21,67

32,00

31,61

35,72

14,22

13,79

M24

3,00

24,00

23,67

36,00

35,38

39,98

15,22

14,79

M27

3,0

27,00

26,48

41,0

40,0

45,2

17,35

16,65

M33

3,5

33,00

32,38

50,0

49,0

55,37

21,42

20,58

M36

4,0

36,00

35,33

55,00

53,80

60,79

22,92

22,03

Thread size M6

1

3

0,15

0,5

6,8

8,9

8,7

11,05

10,89

4

3,85

4,15

3,76

4,24

2,63

0,25

10

9,78

9,64

max

min.

max

max

A

B

A

B

min.

max.

min.

max.

min.

min.

A

B

P )

a )

c

d

d

e

k

k’r

s

1

2

Product grade

Product grade

Nominal size

Product grade

max. = nominal size

min. Product grade

min.

min.

A

B

M8

1,25

3,75

0,15

0,6

9,2

11,6

11,4

14,38

14,2

5,3

5,15

5,45

5,06

5,54

3,54

0,4

13

12,73

12,57

M10

1,5

4,5

0,15

0,6

11,2

15,6

15,4

18,9

18,72

6,4

6,22

6,56

6,11

6,69

4,28

0,4

17

16,73

16,57

M12

1,75

5,25

0,15

0,6

13,7

17,4

17,2

21,1

20,88

7,5

7,32

7,68

7,21

7,79

5,06

0,6

19

18,67

18,48

(M14)

2

6

0,15

0,6

15,7

20,5

20,1

24,49

23,91

8,8

8,62

8,98

8,51

9,09

5,96

0,6

22

21,67

21,16

M16

2

6

0,2

0,8

17,7

22,5

22

26,75

26,17

10

9,82

10,18

9,71

10,29

6,8

0,6

24

23,67

23,16

(M18)

2,5

7,5

0,2

0,8

20,2

25,3

24,8

30,14

29,56

11,5

11,28

11,72

11,15

11,85

7,8

0,6

27

26,67

26,15

M20

2,5

7,5

0,2

0,8

22,4

28,2

27,7

33,53

32,95

12,5

12,28

12,72

12,15

12,85

8,5

0,8

30

29,67

29,16

(M22)

2,5

7,5

0,2

0,8

24,4

30

29,5

35,75

35,03

14

13,78

14,22

13,65

14,35

9,6

0,8

32

31,61

31

M24

3

9

0,2

0,8

26,4

33,6

33,2

39,98

39,55

15

14,78

15,22

14,65

15,35

10,3

0,8

36

35,38

35

(M27)

3

9

0,2

0,8

30,4

-

38

-

45,2

17

-

-

16,65

17,35

11,7

1

41

-

40

M30

3,5

10,5

0,2

0,8

33,4

-

42,7

-

50,85

18,7

-

-

18,28

19,12

12,8

1

46

-

45

(M33)

3,5

10,5

0,2

0,8

36,4

-

46.5

-

55,37

21

-

-

20,58

21,42

14,4

1

50

-

49

M36

4

12

0,2

0,8

39,4

-

51,1

-

60,79

22,5

-

-

22,08

22,92

15,5

1

55

-

53,8

K S

THREAD LENGTH

E

NB

m 8.8

M

Reference line for 0.1

a

dw

c

k’

rd wd a

5




LENGTH OF THREAD (L1) - GENERAK GRADE BOLTSUp to and including 125 mm = 2 x diameter + 6 mmOver 125 mm up to 200 mm = 2 x diameter + 12 mmOver 200 mm = 2 x diameter + 25 mmSizes shown in brackets are not preffered.

I.S.O. Metric PrecisionHexagon Nuts(SABS 136/DIN 934)

Diameter

Dimension M5

4,00

3,70

8,00

7,85

8,87

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Min.

m

s

e

M6

5,00

4,70

10,00

9,78

11,05

M8

6,50

6,14

13,00

12,73

14,38

M10

8,00

7,64

17,00

16,73

18,90

M12

10,00

9,64

19,00

18,67

21,10

M14

11,00

10,57

22,00

21,67

24,49

M16

13,00

12,57

24,00

23,67

26,75

M20

16,00

15,57

30,00

29,67

33,53

(M22)

18,00

17,57

32,00

31,61

35,72

M24

19,00

18,48

36,00

35,38

39,98

(M27)

23,05

20,95

41,0

40,0

45,2

M33

27,05

24,95

50,0

49,0

55,37

M36

30,05

27,95

55,0

53,8

60,79

S

NB

181

E

M

Diameter

I.S.O. MetricFriction Grip Bolts(SABS 1282)

Dimension

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Min.

Max.

Min.

d

s

e

k

LENGTHK S

THREAD LENGTH

E

d

NB

m

10,9

S

(M12)

12,70

11,30

21,00

21,16

22,78

7,95

7,05

NOTE: Friction Grip Bolts differentiated from Std ISO Metric Bolts by the head markings 1.e. 8,8S 10,9S

M16

16,70

15,30

27,0

26,16

29,56

10,75

9,25

M20

20,84

19,16

34,00

33,00

37,29

13,40

11,60

(M22)

22,84

21,16

36,0

35,0

39,55

14,9

13,10

M24

24,84

23,16

41,0

40,0

45,20

15,9

14,10

(M27)

27,84

36,16

46,0

45,0

50,85

17,9

16,10

(M30)

30,84

29,16

50,0

59,0

55,37

19,75

17,65

(M36)

37,0

35,0

60,0

58,8

66,44

23,55

21,45

I.S.O. MetricFriction Grip Nuts(SABS 1282)

Diameter

Dimension

m

s

e

(M12)

12,30

11,87

21,0

21,16

22,78

M16

17,10

16,40

27,0

26,16

29,56

M20

20,70

19,40

34,0

33,0

37,29

(M22)

23,60

22,30

36,0

35,0

39,55

M24

24,20

22,90

41,0

40,0

45,20

(M30)

30,70

29,10

50,0

49,0

55,37

(M36)

36,60

35,0

60,0

58,8

66,44

S

NB

10 S

E

MNOTE: Friction grip nuts differentiated from Std ISO Metric

Nuts by the head markings 1.e. 8,8S 10,9S

Sizes shown in brackets are not preffered.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Min.

(M27)

27,60

26,30

46,0

45,0

50,85

6



Mechanical Properties for Friction Grip Bolts & Nuts(SABS 1282)

2

Grade 8.8 S

49

91

142

176

205

266

326

475

1

Nominal Size*

of bolt

+M12

M16

M20

(M22)

M24

(M27)

M30

M36

3

Grade 10.9 S

61

114

178

220

257

334

408

595

MINIMUM BOLT TENSIONS

Minimum bolt tension, T, kN

Dimensions of FlatRound ChamferedWashers ThroughHardened (SABS 1282)

S

1

Nominal size* of

washer, mm

12

16

20

(22)

24

(27)

30

36

2

Max.

13,43

17,43

21,52

23,52

25,52

28,52

31,62

37,62

3

Min.

13

17

21

23

25

28

31

37

4

Max.

25

33

40

42

47

52

56

66

5

Min.

23,7

31,4

38,4

40,4

45,4

50,4

54,1

64,1

6

Max.

4,6

5,6

7

Min.

3,4

4,4

9

Min.

1,2

1,2

1,6

1,6

1,6

2,0

2,0

2,4

8

Min.

1,6

1,6

2,0

2,0

2,0

2,4

2,4

2,8

10

approx.

0,5

1

dd

c

f

t

1 2

45

d1 d2 t c f

* Sizes shown in brackets are not prefferedNon-preffered for technical reasons

Dimensions, mm

7





1/4

0,250

0,245

0,438

0,428

0,488

0,163

0,150

Grade CS

Unified PrecisionHexagon Nuts(SABS 646)

Diameter in inches

Dimension

m

s

e

1/4

0,226

0,212

0,438

0,428

0,488

S

NB

3

E

M

All dimensions are specified in inches.

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Min.

LENGTH OF THREAD (L1) -ON BOLTSUp to and including 6”= 2 x diameter + 1/4”Over 2” long = 2 x diameter + 1/2”

Diameter in inches

Unified PrecisionHexagon Boltsand Set Screws(SABS 646)

Dimension

Max.

Min.

Max.

Min.

Min.

Max.

Min.

d

s

e

k

LENGTHK S

THREAD LENGTH

E

d

NB

CS

All dimensions are specified in inches.

5/16

0,313

0,306

0,500

0,489

0,557

0,211

0,195

3/8

0,375

0,369

0,563

0,551

0,628

0,291

0,272

7/16

0,438

0,400

0,625

0,612

0,698

0,291

0,272

1/2

0,500

0,493

0,750

0,736

0,840

0,323

0,302

9/16

0,563

0,554

0,813

0,798

0,910

0,371

0,348

5/8

0,625

0,617

0,938

0,922

0,051

0,403

0,378

3/4

0,750

0,741

1,125

1,100

1,254

0,483

0,455

7/8

0,875

0,866

1,313

1,285

1,465

0,563

0,531

1

1,000

0,990

1,500

1,469

1,675

0,627

0,591

1-1/18

1,125

1,114

1,688

1,631

1,859

0,718

0,659

Grade CT

5/16

0,273

0,258

0,500

0,489

0,557

3/8

0,337

0,320

0,563

0,551

0,628

7/16

0,385

0,365

0,689

0,675

0,768

1/2

0,448

0,427

0,750

0,736

0,840

9/16

0,496

0,473

0,875

0,861

0,982

5/8

0,559

0,535

0,938

0,922

1,051

3/4

0,665

0,617

1,125

1,088

1,240

7/8

0,776

0,724

1,313

1,269

1,447

1

0,887

0,831

1,500

1,450

1,675

1-1/18

0,999

0,939

1,688

1,631

1,859

8





Tap drill

1,25

1,6

2,05

2,5

3,3

4,2

5

6,75

8,5

10,25

12

14

17,5

21

26,5

32

37,5

Body drill

1,9

2,4

2,9

3,4

4,5

5,6

6,8

8,8

10,8

12,8

15

17

21

25

31,5

37,5

44

c/bore drill

3,3

4,4

5,4

6,5

8,25

9,75

11,25

14,25

17,25

19,25

22,25

25,5

31,5

37,5

47,5

56,5

66

N-m

0,29

0,60

1,21

2,1

4,6

9,5

16

39

77

135

215

330

650

1109

2250

3850

6270

inch-lbf

2,6

5,3

11

19

41

85

140

350

680

1200

1900

2900

5750

9700

19900

34100

55580

KN

1,65

2,69

4,41

6,54

11,4

18,5

26,1

47,6

75,4

105

144

196

306

441

701

1021

1400

Dimensions

Socket HeadCap Screws(ISO Metric Series)

Thread Size

M1.6

M2

M2.5

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

M14

M16

M20

M24

M30

M36

M42

All dimensions are specified in mm.

Pitch

0,35

0,40

0,45

0,5

0,7

0,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

1,75

2,0

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4.0

4.5

A

max.

3,0

3,8

4,5

5,5

7,0

8,5

10,0

13,0

16,0

18,0

21,0

24,0

30,0

36,0

45,0

54,0

63,0

B

max.

1,6

2,0

2,5

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14,0

16,0

20,0

24,0

30,0

36,0

42,0

H

max.

1,6

2,0

2,5

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

14.0

16.0

20.0

24.0

30.0

36.0

42.0

W

nom.

1,5

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,

12,0

14,0

17,0

19,0

22,0

27,0

32,0

F

min.

0,80

1,0

1,25

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

4,1

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

15,5

19,0

24,0

T

Basic

15

16

17

18

20

22

24

28

32

36

40

44

52

60

72

84

96

R

max.

0,2

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,35

0,35

0,4

0,6

0,6

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,2

1,2

1,5

1,5

1,6

Shank Area

(mm )

2,01

3,14

4,91

7,07

12,6

19,6

28,3

50,3

78,5

113,0

154,0

201,0

314,0

452,0

707,0

1018,0

1385,0

2

Stress Area

(mm )

1,27

2,07

3,39

5,03

8,78

14,2

20,1

36,6

58,0

84,3

115,0

157,0

245,0

353,0

561,0

817,0

1120,0

2

Application Data

Thread Size

*M1.6

*M2

*M2.5

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

M14

M16

M20

M24

M30

M36

M42

Tensile Strength

min.

MPa

1170

1170

1170

1170

1170

1170

1170

1170

1170

1125

1125

1125

1125

1125

1125

1125

1125

KN

1,49

2,42

3,97

5,89

10,3

16,6

23,5

42,8

67,9

95

129

177

276

397

631

919

1260

Body Double

Shear Strength

KN

3,14

4,90

7,66

11,0

19,7

30,6

44,1

78,4

122

170

231

300

470

680

1060

1530

2080

MPa

1300

1300

1300

1300

1300

1300

1300

1300

1300

1250

1250

1250

1250

1250

1250

1250

1250

Yield Strength

min.

Recommended Seating

Torque

Hole Dimmensions

(mm)

* Micr-SizesNOTE: 1KN = approx. 102 kgf (or 225lbf) &

1MPa = 1 N/mm or approx. 145 psiTap drill sizes based on approx. 70% thread height.Seating torques based on 800 MPa induced stress in screw threads.

2

For cadmium plated screws multiply seating torque x ,75For zinc plated screws multiply seating torque x 1,40 Lightly chamfer body drill hole to clear screw fillet radius.

NOTES:1. Material - High Grade Alloy Steel2. Hardness - Rc 38-45 (alloy steel)3. Tensile Strength - (alloy steel)

1300 MPa up to M101250 MPa over M10

4. Shear Strength - (alloy steel)780 MPa up to M10750 MPa over M10

5.Yield Strength - (alloy steel)1170 MPa up to M101125 MPa over M10

6. Sizes M5 and larger stamped U130/12.97. Thread Class - M1.6 through M24 - 4g/6g

over M24 - 6g

W

THREADSIZE

T

L

BA

F

H

R

U13

012

.9

30

45

9




UNF

342

528

749

994

1260

1580

1930

2800

3800

6910

11000

16700

22600

30400

48600

67100

-

-

-

-

UNC

-

499

702

925

1150

1510

1730

2660

3330

6050

9960

14700

20200

27000

42900

60200

83100

109000

175000

253000

Dimensions

Socket HeadCap Screws(Unified Inch -1960 Series)

Thread Size

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

1 1/4

1 1/2

W

THREADSIZE

T

L

BA

F

H

R

U13

012

.9

30

45

T.P.I.

UNC

-

64

56

48

40

40

32

32

24

20

18

16

14

13

11

10

9

8

7

6

UNF

80

72

64

56

48

44

40

36

32

28

24

24

20

20

18

16

-

-

-

-

A

max.

,096

,118

,140

,161

,183

,205

,226

,270

,312

,375

,468

,563

,656

,750

,937

1,125

1,312

1,500

1,875

2,250

B

max.

,060

,073

,086

,099

,112

,125

,138

,164

,190

,250

,312

,375

,437

,500

,625

,750

,875

1,000

1,250

1,500

H

max.

,060

,073

,086

,099

,112

,125

,138

,164

,190

,250

,312

,375

,437

,500

,625

,750

,875

1,000

1,250

1,500

W

nom.

,050

1/16

5/64

5/64

3/32

3/32

7/64

9/64

5/32

3/16

1/4

5/16

3/8

3/8

1/2

5/8

3/4

3/4

7/8

1

F

min.

,025

,031

,038

,044

,051

,057

,064

,077

,090

,120

,151

,182

,213

,245

,307

,370

,432

,495

,620

,745

T

Basic

,500

,625

,625

,625

,750

,750

,750

,875

,875

1,000

1,125

1,250

1,375

1,500

1,750

2,000

2,250

2,500

3,125

3,750

R

max.

,007

,007

,008

,008

,009

,010

,010

,012

,014

,014

,017

,020

,023

,026

,033

,039

,045

,050

,060

,070

Shank

Area

(in )

,0028

,0042

,0058

,0077

,0098

,0123

,0149

,0211

,0284

,0491

,0769

,1104

,1503

,1964

,307

,442

,601

,785

1,227

1,767

2 UNC

-

,0026

,0037

,0049

,0060

,0080

,0091

,0140

,0175

,0318

,0524

,0775

,1063

,1419

,226

,334

,462

,606

,970

1,405

UNF

,0018

,0028

,0039

,0052

,0066

,0083

,0102

,0147

,0200

,0364

,0581

,0878

,1187

,1599

,256

,373

-

-

-

-

Application Data

Thread Size

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

1 1/4

1 1/2

Tensile Strength

lbf (min)

Stress Area (in )2

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

180

180

180

180

180

Tensile

Strength KSI

(min)

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

155

155

155

155

155

Yield

Strength KSI

(min)

640

950

1320

1750

2240

2800

3400

4800

6450

11200

17500

25200

34200

44700

69900

95400

129800

169600

266000

381000

Body DoubleShear

Strength(lb min )

Recommended Seating Torque Hole Dimensions

UNC UNF Tap Drill (mm) Body drill

(mm)

C/bore drill

(mm)N-m

-

,45

,68

1,13

1,7

2,26

3,16

5,54

7,23

17

34,5

61,6

94,9

147

286

497

791

1175

2373

4125

inch - lbf

-

4

6

10

15

20

28

49

64

150

305

545

840

1300

2530

4400

7000

10400

21000

36500

N-m

,23

,45

,8

1,24

1,81

2,37

3,39

5,65

8,59

19,2

36,7

64,4

102

155

301

542

-

-

-

-

inch - lbf

2

4

7

11

16

21

30

50

76

170

325

570

900

1370

2660

4800

-

-

-

-

UNC

-

1,55

1,85

2,1

2,35

2,65

2,85

3,4

3,9

5,1

6,6

8

9,2

10,8

13,5

16,5

19,5

22

28

34

UNF

1,25

1,55

1,9

2,15

2,4

2,7

2,95

3,5

4,1

5,5

6,9

8,5

9,8

11,5

14,5

17,5

-

-

-

-

1,75

2,05

2,4

2,75

3,1

3,5

3,9

4,6

5,2

6,8

8,3

10

11,5

13,2

16,5

19,5

23

26

32,5

39

3

3,6

4,4

5

5,5

6

6,5

7,8

8,7

10,5

13

15,5

18

20

25,5

30,5

35

40

50

60

10




N-m

,79

1,8

2,94

3,62

5,54

8,02

10,3

16,3

-

8,3

18,9

36

63,3

99,4

147

295

515

-

-

-

-

N-m

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.26

7

17,1

34,7

61,9

95,5

144

287

500

795

1175

1944

3865

BA/ BSF

741

1197

1615

2033

2641

3534

4560

5814

-

3690

6800

10810

15940

22000

27400

43770

63540

-

-

-

-

BSW

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1500

3230

6100

10000

14800

20300

24920

40830

60480

83500

109400

176400

253800

Dimensions

Socket HeadCap Screws(BS Inch Series)

Thread Size

8BA

6BA

5BA

4BA

3BA

2BA

1BA

0BA

1/8

3/16

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

1 1/4

1 1/2

W

THREADSIZE

T

L

BA

F

H

R

U13

012

.9

30

45

T.P.I.

BSW

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

40

24

20

18

16

14

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

A

max.

,140

,187

,219

,219

,250

,312

,312

,375

,219

,312

,375

,437

,563

,625

,750

,875

1,000

1,125

1,312

1,750

2,000

B

max.

,087

,110

,126

,142

,161

,185

,209

,236

,125

,187

,250

,312

,375

,437

,500

,625

,750

,875

1,000

1,250

1,500

H

max.

,087

,110

,126

,142

,161

,187

,209

,236

,125

,187

,250

,312

,375

,437

,500

,625

,750

,875

1,000

1,250

1,500

W

nom.

1/16

5/64

3/32

3/32

1/8

5/32

5/32

3/16

3/32

5/32

3/16

7/32

5/16

5/16

3/8

1/2

9/16

9/16

5/8

3/4

1

F

min.

,039

,050

,058

,066

,075

,089

,100

,113

,058

,090

,120

,151

,182

,213

,245

,307

,370

,432

,495

,620

,745

T

Basic

,625

,750

,750

,750

,875

,875

1,000

1,000

,750

,875

1,000

1,125

1,250

1,375

1,500

1,750

2,000

2,250

2,500

3,125

3,750

R

max.

,008

,009

,010

,010

,012

,014

,014

,014

,010

,014

,014

,017

,020

,023

,026

,033

,039

,045

,050

,060

,070

Shank

Area

(in )

,006

,010

,013

,016

,020

,027

,034

,044

,012

,028

,049

,077

,110

,151

,196

,307

,442

,601

,785

1,227

1,767

2

Application Data

Thread Size

8BA

6BA

5BA

4BA

3BA

2BA

1BA

0BA

1/8

3/16

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

1 1/4

1 1/2

Tensile Strength

lbf (min)

Stress Area (in )2

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

190

180

180

180

180

180

180

180

Tensile

Strength KSI

(min)

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

155

155

155

155

155

155

155

Yield

Strength KSI

(min)

1368

2166

2850

3625

4630

6130

7820

9960

2800

6300

11200

17500

25200

34200

42300

66200

95400

129800

169600

265000

381000

Body DoubleShear

Strength(lb min )

Recommended Seating Torque Hole Dimensions

BSW BA/ BSF Tap Drill (mm) Body drill

(mm)

C/bore drill

(mm)inch - lbf

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

20

62

151

307

548

845

1270

2540

4420

7035

10400

17200

34200

inch - lbf

7

16

26

32

49

71

91

144

-

74

167

319

560

880

1303

2595

4540

-

-

-

-

BSW

2,55

3,7

5,1

6,5

7,9

9,2

10,5

13,5

16,5

19

22

28

33,5

BA/ BSF

1,8

2,3

2,65

3

3,4

3,9

4,5

5,1

-

3,9

5,3

6,7

8,2

9,5

11

14

17

-

-

-

-

2,4

3

3,5

4

4,5

5,1

5,7

6,4

3,5

5,1

6,8

8,3

10

11,5

13,2

16,5

19,5

23

26

32,5

39

4

5,3

6

6

7

8,7

8,7

10,5

6

8,7

10,5

12,2

15,5

17

20

24

27

30,5

35

46

54

BSW

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

,0079

,0170

,0321

,0527

,0779

,1069

,1385

,227

,336

,464

,608

,980

1,410

11

BSF

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

32

26

22

20

18

16

14

12

-

-

-

-

BA

59,1

47,9

43,7

38,5

34,8

31,4

28,2

25,4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

BSF

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

,0194

,0358

,0569

,0839

,1160

,1521

,243

,353

-

-

-

-

BA

,0039

,0063

,0085

,0107

,0139

,0186

,0240

,0306

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




7,07

12,6

19,6

28,3

50,3

78,5

113

201

314

452

Shankarea

(mm )

Dimensions

Flat HeadSocket Screws(ISO Metric Series)

Thread Size

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

M16

M20

M24

Pitch

0,5

0,7

0,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

1,75

2,0

2,5

3,0

2

12

NOTE: 1KN = approx. 102 kgf (or 225lbf) &1MPa = 1 N/mm or approx. 145 psiTap drill sizes based on approx. 70% thread height.Seating torques based on 420 MPa induced stress in screw threads.

All dimensions in mmA - Max. Theoretical Sharp Corners

Tap drill

2,5

3,3

4,2

5

6,75

8,5

10,25

14

17,5

21

Body drill

3,4

4,5

5,6

6,8

8,8

10,8

12,8

17

21

25

N-m

1,2

2,8

5,5

9,5

24

47

82

205

400

640

inch-lbf

11

25

50

85

210

415

725

1800

3550

5650

KN

5,28

9,22

14,91

21,11

38,43

60,9

88,5

165

257

371

Application Data

Thread Size

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

M16

M20

M24

Tensile Strength

min.

MPa

945

945

945

945

945

945

945

945

945

945

KN

4,75

8,30

13,42

19,00

34,6

54,8

79,7

148

232

334

Double Shear

Strength (Body)

KN

8,91

15,88

24,70

35,66

63,4

99

142

253

396

570

MPa

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

Yield Strength

min.

Recommended Seating

TorqueHole Dimensions

6,72

8,96

11,20

13,44

17,92

22,40

26,88

33,60

40,32

40,42

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

16,0

20,0

24

1,85

2,69

3,18

3,58

4,42

6,01

6,85

8,10

8,70

16,05

1,7

2,3

2,8

3,3

4,4

5,5

6,5

7,5

8,5

14

1,05

1,49

1,86

2,16

2,85

3,60

4,35

4,89

5,45

10,15

0,5

0,7

0,7

0,85

1,2

1,5

1,85

1,85

1,85

2,2

18

20

22

24

28

32

36

44

52

60

2

2,5

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

14

4,47

7,75

12,7

17,9

32,8

52,3

76,2

144

225

324

5,03

8,78

14,2

20,1

36,6

58,0

84,3

157

245

353

A

max.

B

max.

E

max.

H

Ref.

F

min.

R

Ref.

T

min.

W

nom.

Corearea

(mm )

Stessarea

(mm )2 2

Double Shear

Strength (Core)

KN

5,63

9,77

16,00

22,55

41,3

66

96

181

284

408

W

THREADSIZE

T

L

BA

F

R

45

H

E

NOTES:1. Material - High Grade Alloy Steel2. Hardness - Rc 36-45 (alloy steel)3. Tensile Strength - (alloy steel) 1050 MPa4. Shear Strength - (alloy steel) 630 MPa5. Yield Strength - (alloy steel) 945 MPa6. Thread Class - 4g/6g7. Head angle shall be:92 /90 up to M2062 /60 over M20

2




Tensile Strengthlbf - min.

UNF

265

390

555

725

1040

1310

1620

2240

3180

5790

9250

14000

18900

25600

40800

59300

-

-

A

max.

,138

,168

,197

,226

,255

,281

,307

,359

,411

,531

,656

,781

,844

,937

1,188

1,438

1,688

1,938

Flat HeadSocket Screws(Unified Inch Series)

A - Max. Theoretical Sharp Corners

W

THREADSIZE

T

L

BA

F

R

45

H

E

13

82 /80

Dimensions

Thread

Size

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

T.P.I.

UNC

64

56

48

40

40

32

32

24

20

18

16

14

13

11

10

9

8

B

max.

,060

,073

,086

,099

,112

,125

,138

,164

,190

,250

,312

,375

,437

,500

,625

,750

,875

1,000

H

ref.

,045

,055

,064

,073

,082

,090

,097

,112

,127

,162

,198

,234

,234

,251

,324

,396

,468

,540

W

nom.

,035

,050

,050

1/16

1/16

5/64

5/64

3/32

1/8

5/32

3/16

7/32

1/4

5/16

3/8

1/2

9/16

5/8

F

min.

,031

,036

,043

,049

,055

,061

,066

,076

,087

,111

,135

,159

,159

,172

,220

,220

,248

,297

T

Basic

,500

,625

,625

,625

,750

,750

,750

,875

,875

1,000

1,125

1,250

1,375

1,500

1,750

2,000

2,250

2,500

R

ref

,006

,007

,009

,010

,011

,012

,014

,016

,019

,025

,031

,037

,044

,050

,050

,050

,050

,050

Stress Area (in )2

UNC

-

,0026

,0037

,0049

,0060

,0080

,0091

,0140

,0175

,0318

,0524

,0775

,1063

,1419

,226

,334

,462

,606

Core Area (in )2

NOTES:1. Material - High Grade Alloy Steel2. Hardness - Rc 36-453. Tensile Strength - (alloy steel) 160 KSI4. Shear Strength - (alloy steel) 96 KSI5. Yield Strength - (alloy steel) 144 KSI6. Thread Class - 3A

Shank

Area

(in )

,0028

,0042

,0058

,0077

,0098

,0123

,0149

,0111

,0284

,0491

,0769

,1104

,1503

,1964

,307

,442

,601

,785

2UNF

80

72

64

56

48

44

40

36

32

28

24

24

20

20

18

16

-

-

E

max.

,042

,057

,063

,072

,079

,088

,094

,120

,130

,151

,187

,230

,236

,269

,308

,317

,416

,570

UNF

,0018

,0028

,0039

,0052

,0066

,0083

,0102

,0147

,0200

,0364

,0581

,0878

,1187

,1599

,256

,373

-

-

UNC

-

,0022

,0031

,0041

,0050

,0067

,0075

,0120

,0145

,0269

,0454

,0678

,0933

,1257

,202

,302

,419

,551

UNF

,0015

,0024

,0034

,0045

,0057

,0072

,0087

,0129

,0175

,0326

,0524

,0809

,1090

,1486

,240

,351

-

-

Application Data

Thread

Size

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

TensileStrength

KSImin.

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

UNC

-

390

555

725

1040

1260

1440

2220

2780

5070

8350

12400

16900

22800

36000

53200

73900

97000

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

144

YieldStrength

KSImin.

542

804

1112

1478

1892

2360

2880

4060

5440

9420

14720

21200

28800

37700

58900

84800

115400

150700

DoubleShear

Strength(Body)

lbf - min.

UNC

-

422

595

787

960

1286

1440

2304

2784

5165

8720

13020

17910

24130

38780

57980

80450

105800

Double Shear Strength(Core) lbf - min.

UNF

288

461

653

864

1094

1382

1670

2477

3360

6260

10060

15530

20930

28530

46080

67390

-

-

Recommended SeatingTorque

UNC UNF

N-m

-

,28

,51

,79

,9

1,36

1,7

3,39

4,52

11,3

22,6

39,6

63,3

96,1

192

340

570

820

inch - lbf

-

2,5

4,5

7

8

12

15

30

40

100

200

350

560

850

1700

3000

5000

7200

N-m

,17

,28

,51

,79

,9

1,47

1,92

3,5

5,1

12,4

24,9

45,2

70,6

113

215

360

-

-

inch - lbf

1,5

2,5

4,5

7

8

13

17

31

45

110

220

400

625

1000

1900

3200

-

-

Hole dimmensions (mm)

Tap drill BodydrillUNC

-

1,55

1,85

2,1

2,35

2,65

2,85

3,4

3,9

5,1

6,6

8

9,2

10,8

13,5

16,5

19,5

22

UNF

1,25

1,55

1,9

2,15

2,4

2,7

2,95

3,5

4,1

5,5

6,9

8,5

9,8

11,5

14,5

17,5

-

-

1,75

2,05

2,4

2,75

3,1

3,5

3,9

4,6

5,2

6,8

8,3

10

11,5

13,2

16,5

19,5

23

26

Tap drill sizes based on approx. 70% thread height.




Socket ButtonHead Screws(ISO Metric Series)

W

B

F

S

45

H

14

All dimensions in mm. Tap drill sizes based on approx. 70% thread height.

NOTES:1. Material - High Grade Alloy Steel2. Hardness - Rc 36-453. Tensile Strength - (alloy steel) 1050 MPa4. Shear Strength - (alloy steel) 630 MPa5. Yield Strength - (alloy steel) 945 MPa6. Squareness - Bearing surface of head to be square with body within 2 .

Dimensions

Thread Size

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

Pitch

0,5

0,7

0,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

1,75

A

max.

5,7

7,6

9,5

10,5

14,0

18,0

21,0

B

max.

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

H

max.

1,65

2,2

2,75

3,3

4,4

5,5

6,6

W

nom.

2

2,5

3

4

5

6

8

F

min.

1,04

1,3

1,56

2,08

2,6

3,12

4,16

S

Ref.

2,95

4,1

5,2

5,6

7,5

10,0

11,0

R

Ref.

,35

,35

,45

,45

,45

,6

,6

Shank Area

(mm )

7,07

12,6

19,6

28,3

50,3

78,5

113

2

Stress Area

(mm )

5,03

8,78

14,2

20,1

36,6

58,0

84,3

2

Tap drill

2,5

3,3

4,2

5

6,75

8,5

10,25

Body drill

3,4

4,5

5,6

6,8

8,8

10,8

12,8

N-m

1,2

2,8

5,5

9,5

24

47

82

inch-lbf

11

25

50

85

210

415

725

KN

5,28

9,22

14,19

21,11

38,43

60,9

88,5

Application Data

Thread Size

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

Tensile Strength

min.

MPa

945

945

945

945

945

945

945

KN

4,75

8,30

13,42

19,00

34,6

54,8

79,7

Double Shear

Strength (Core)

KN

5,63

9,77

16,00

22,55

41,3

66

96

MPa

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

1050

Yield Strength

min.

Recommended Seating

Torque

Hole Dimensions

(mm)

Core Area

(mm )

4,47

7,75

12,7

17,9

35,8

52,3

76,2

2

Grip

Length

All

std

item

s

thre

ad to

hea

d

R

A

J

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

16,00

20,00

24,00

SocketShoulder Screws(Metric Series)

W

THREADSIZE

TL

BA

F 45

Dimensions

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

M16

M20

Pitch

0,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

1,75

2,0

2,5

10,00

13,00

16,00

18,00

24,00

30,00

36,00

2,4

3,3

4,2

4,9

6,9

8,8

10,0

5,62

7,62

9,62

11,62

15,62

19,62

23,62

4,50

5,50

7,00

9,00

11,00

14,00

16,00

3,66

4,38

6,03

7,69

9,34

13,00

16,29

1,85

1,85

1,85

1,85

1,85

2,5

2,65

2,00

2,50

2,80

3,00

4,00

4,80

5,60

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

A

max.

F

min.

G

max.

H

max.

J

min.

M

max.

N

max.

W

nom.

Application Data

RecommendedSeating Torque

TapDrill

(mm)

Thread

Size

Nom.

Size

B

9,75

11,25

13,25

16,25

18,25

22,25

27,25

T

max. N-m

7

12

29

57

100

240

470

inch - lbf

60

105

255

500

885

2125

4160

4,2

5

6,75

8,5

10,25

14

17,5

45 30H

G

30

M N



Plain Cup

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,0

3,0

4,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

12,0

16,0

20,0

SocketSet Screws(ISO Metric SeriesKnurled & PlainCup Point)

15

PLAIN CUP POINT

KNURLED CUP POINT(SELF LOCKING)

THREADSIZE

L

D

35MAX

50MAX

J K

50 /45

L

D

35MAX

50MAX

J THREADSIZE

W

SocketSet Screws(ISO Metric SeriesKnurled & PlainCup Point)

inch - lbf

,7

1,3

3,7

5,0

18,0

35,0

62,0

150

300

530

1325

2650

4200

Dimensions

Thread Size

1,6

2

2,5

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

16

20

24

Thread Pitch

,35

,4

,45

,5

,7

,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

1,75

2,0

2,5

3,0

D

max.

1,0

1,32

1,75

2,1

2,75

3,7

4,35

6,0

7,4

8,6

12,35

16,0

18,95

Plain Cup

,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

14,0

16,0

Knurled Cup

-

-

-

1,4

2,1

2,4

3,3

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

14,0

16,0

W

nom.

,7

,9

1,3

1,5

2,0

2,5

2,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

K

max.

-

-

-

2,06

2,74

3,48

4,14

5,62

7,12

8,58

11,86

14,83

17,80

Knurled Cup

-

-

-

3,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

14,0

18,0

20,0

N-m

,08

,15

,42

,6

2,0

4,0

7,0

17,0

34,0

60,0

150

300

475

Tap Drill

Size

1,25

1,6

2,05

2,5

3,3

4,2

5

6,75

8,5

10,25

14

17,5

21

Application Data

J (max.) L (min. pref.) Recommended Seating Torque

PLAIN CUP POINT

KNURLED CUP POINT(SELF LOCKING)

THREADSIZE

L

D

35MAX

50MAX

J K

50 /45

L

D

35MAX

50MAX

J THREADSIZE

W




SocketSet Screws(ISO Metric SeriesCone, Flat &Dog Point)

THREADSIZE

L

D

35MAX

J

L

D

35MAX

J

W

D

35MAX

D

35MAX

50MAX

THREADSIZE

W

16

92 /88

3,0

3,0

4,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

12,0

14,0

20,0

5,0

5,0

6,0

6,0

8,0

8,0

12,0

16,0

20,0

22,0

L (min. pref.)

,5

,7

,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

1,75

2,0

2,5

3,0

2,1

2,75

3,7

4,35

6,0

7,4

8,6

12,35

16,0

18,95

0,3

0,4

0,5

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

4,0

6,0

8,0

2,0

2,5

3,5

4,0

5,5

7,0

8,5

12,0

15,0

18,0

2,0

2,5

3,5

4,0

5,5

7,0

8,5

12,0

15,0

18,0

4,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

14,0

18,0

20,0

5,0

6,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

16,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

5,0

18,0

35,0

62,0

150

300

530

1325

2650

4200

Dimensions

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

M16

M20

M24

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

,6

2,0

4,0

7,0

17,0

34,0

60,0

150

300

475

2,5

3,3

4,2

5

6,75

8,5

10,25

14

17,5

21

Application Data

J (max.) Rec. Seating TorqueThread

Size

Full Dogapplies tolengthsabove

Thread

Pitch Cone

Point

Flat

Point

D

max.

V

max. Cone

Point

Flat

Point

Dog

Point

W

nom.

Tap Drill

SizeN-m inch - lbf

H (max.)

Half Dog

Point

Full Dog

Point

0,75

1,00

1,25

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

L

D

35MAX

VD

35MAX

35MAX

THREADSIZE

H




long series

62

62

84

90

100

112

126

142

160

180

200

224

250

280

320

360

400

448

500

630

inch - lbf

1,2

2,4

7

10,5

26,5

55

93

220

430

740

1760

3420

5610

8800

15100

21000

28900

37600

52800

73900

N-m

0,13

0,27

0,79

1,2

3

6,2

10,5

24,9

48,8

83,5

199

386

634

995

1710

2380

3270

4250

5970

8350

std. series

34

34

44

45

50

56

63

70

80

90

100

112

125

140

160

180

200

224

250

315

High TitanHexagon Wrenches(ISO Metric Series)


NOTES:1. All wrenches 2mm nom size stamped for easy identification.2. Wrenches are made to higher requirements than ISO or DIN wrenches, which may not properly torque M & D strength screws.

17

Dimensions

nom

,71

,89

1,27

1,5

2

2,5

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

14

17

19

22

24

27

32

max.

0,711

0,889

1,270

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

17,000

19,000

22,000

24,000

27,000

32,000

Application Data

W B

min.

0,689

0,876

1,244

1,470

1,970

2,470

2,960

3,960

4,960

5,950

7,950

9,950

11,950

16,930

16,930

18,930

21,930

23,930

26,820

31,820

A

5,5

9,0

13,5

14

16

18

20

25

28

32

36

40

45

55

60

70

80

90

100

125

Torsional Shear Strength (min.) Torsional Yield Strength (min.)

inch - lbf

1,1

2,1

6

9

24

48

80

190

375

645

1530

2970

4880

7700

13200

18300

25200

32700

45900

64200

N-m

0,12

0,24

0,68

1,02

2,7

5,4

9,1

21,7

42,5

72,8

173

336

561

867

1490

2070

2850

3700

5190

7260

A

B

W




max.

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

25,000

0,3

0,4

0,4

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,6

0,8

0,8

1,0

min.

3,003

4,003

5,003

6,003

8,003

10,003

12,003

16,003

20,003

25,003

Dowel Pins(Metric SeriesParallel PrecisionGround)


Dimensions

Nominal Size

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

16

20

25

max.

3,008

4,008

5,008

6,009

8,009

10,009

12,009

16,009

20,009

25,009

Application Data

A - Pin Diameter Recommended Hole Size

18

min.

2,6

3,6

4,6

5,4

7,4

9,4

11,4

15,3

19,3

24,3

max.

2,9

3,9

4,9

5,8

7,8

9,8

11,8

15,8

19,8

24,8

B - Point Diameter

,8

,9

1,0

1,1

1,3

1,4

1,6

1,8

2,0

2,3

CCrown Height

max.

RCrown Radius

min.

8

10

10

12

12

16

20

20

25

25

L Point AngleTransition Length

(note 4)

Double ShearStength

kN Minimum

14

25

39

57

100

155

225

400

630

980

min.

2,987

3,987

4,987

5,987

7,987

9,987

11,987

15,987

19,987

24,987

A

B

C

HNote 4

1

NOTES:1. Material - Alloy Steel2. Hardness - Rockwell C60-64 (case)

- Rockwell C50-58 (core)3. Surface finish - 0,2 micrometers max.4. Point Angle - 4 -8 for lengths “L “ and longer

- 10 -16 for lengths shorter than “L “5. Shear Strength - 1050 MPa

1

1

Dowel Pins are not fasteners. They are used primarily to prevent lateralmovement between precision parts where dimensional accuracy must bemaintained, such as dies, tools, jigs, fixtures etc.

Where space permits it is advisable to use pins 5 mm diameter or larger toensure precision fit. Dowel pin engagement should never be less than 2diameters in length; whilst 4 are preferable 10 diameters are more than ample.

This allows 5 diameters of contact for each section the dowel engages.

When shearing action takes place at the junction of assembly, the lengthrelation of the pin to the parts (as long as it is 2 diameters or more) has noadditional significance.





1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

6

8

10

12

Tolerance

+ 0,5 - 0,0

+ 1,0 - 0,0

+ 1,5 - 0,0

‘L’ Increment

2

5

10

C

min.

Length

Up to 10

10-50

over 50

Length Tolerances

1,58

2,09

2,59

3,09

3,59

4,12

4,62

5,12

6,12

8,15

10,15

10,20

Recommended Hole SizeA

Sel-Lok Spring Pins(Metric Series)

Dimensions

max. diameter

Go Ring Gauge

1,70

2,25

2,75

3,25

3,90

4,40

4,90

5,40

6,40

8,60

10,60

12,60

max.

A

B

C

HNote 4

19

min.

D1 + D2 + D3

3

1,60

2,15

2,65

3,15

3,70

4,20

4,70

5,20

6,20

8,30

10,30

12,30

nom.

B

max.

Wall Thickness

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

1,2

16

2,0

2,0

Min.

Double Shear

KN

1,5

2,8

4,3

6,2

8,5

11

14

17

25

45

69

86

min.

Dia.

Length Increments

All

Length

4 - 26

30 - 80

Over 80

Dia.

All

ON

AP

PLI

CA

TIO

N

ON

AP

PLI

CA

TIO

N



k (max)

1,50

1,65

1,93

2,20

2,35

2,50

2,75

3,00

3,50

Countersunk and Raised Countersunk

f (nom.)

0,60

0,75

0,90

1,00

1,10

1,25

1,40

1,50

1,80

D (max)

5,08

5,98

6,95

7,95

8,75

9,65

10,75

11,55

13,05

D (min)

4,33

5,23

6,05

7,05

7,85

8,75

9,65

10,45

11,95

Screw

No.

00

0

2

4

6

7

8

10

12

25 an over

3,2

16 to 22

2,0

Major dia.

d Max.

1,52

1,90

2,54

2,95

3,56

3,91

4,24

4,62

5,38

Slotted and Pozidriv Wood Screws

D is the theoretical diameter to sharp corners, also countersunk diameter to give flush fit.

Length of screw

Length of pilot Min.

Point dia.

E Max.

1,24

1,60

2,11

2,44

2,95

3,20

3,45

3,81

4,50

Head dia.

D Max.

2,51

3,22

4,11

5,36

6,60

7,24

7,85

9,12

10,36

Head depth

k Max.

0,86

1,24

1,75

2,18

2,62

2,82

3,05

3,48

3,89

LENGTH OF PILOT

cBelow 3.2

0,5

3.2 to 4

0,9

4.5 to 8

1,2

9.5 to 13

1,6

Hammer Drive screwsType “U” Round HeadC

E

k LENGTH

d D

ROUND HEAD

Screw

No.

3

4

6

8

9

10

12

14

16

Nom. Dia

mm

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

5,5

6,0

7,0

D (max)

5,38

6,38

7,45

8,45

9,45

10,45

11,55

12,55

14,55

Round

k (max)

4,62

5,62

6,55

7,55

8,55

9,55

10,45

11,45

13,45

All Slotted heads

n (min)

0,66

0,86

0,86

1,06

1,06

1,26

1,26

1,66

2,00

Pozidriv

Point No

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

D

k95

/90

D

k

95 /9

0

f

D

k

D

k

D

k

95 /9

0

D

k95

/90

f

n

R


20



Dia (mm)

2,2

2,9

3,5

4,2

4,8

5,5

6,3

Raised csk heads only

Height of raise

f (nom.)

0,7

0,9

1,2

1,4

1,5

1,7

2,0

* D Max.

4,3

5,5

6,8

8,1

9,5

10,8

12,4

D Min.

4,0

5,2

6,44

7,74

9,14

10,37

11,97

* D is the theoretical diameter to sharp corners..

No.

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Countersunk and raised countersunk heads

Depth of head

k ref

1,3

1,7

2,1

2,5

3,0

3,4

3,8

Pozidriv

Point No

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

PozidrivSelf Tapping ScrewsType AB & B

R

k

82 /80

CSK HEAD

LEN

GT

H

LEN

GT

H k

RSD CSK HEAD

f

ScrewDiameter of head

Pozidriv and Hex Self Tapping Screws Type AB & BR

k

PAN HEAD

LEN

GT

H

D

LEN

GT

H k

D

FLANGE HEAD HEXAGON HEAD

LEN

GT

H k

S

e

Dia (mm)

2,2

2,9

3,5

4,2

4,8

5,5

6,3

Diameter of head

D Max.

4,2

5,6

6,9

8,2

9,5

10,8

12,5

No.

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Pan HeadScrew

Flange Head Hexagon Head

Depth of head

k Max.

1,8

2,2

2,6

3,05

3,55

3,95

4,55

Diameter of head

D Max.

-

6,53

8,15

9,75

11,38

13,00

14,55

Depth of head

k Max.

-

1,60

1,88

2,36

2,90

3,15

3,68

Width across flats*

S Max.

3,2

5,0

5,5

7,0

8,0

8,0

10,0

Width across corners

e min.

3,41

5,45

6,0

7,66

8,76

8,76

11,05

Depth of head

k nom.

1,3

1,5

2,3

2,8

3,0

4,0

4,8

82 /80


21



kgf cm

5

15

28

45

64

101

163

lbf in

4

13

24

39

56

88

142

Minimum torsional load

Nm

0,49

1,47

2,74

4,41

6,27

10,78

15,98

ST 2,2

0,8

2,24

2,1

1,63

1,52

1,47

1,37

0,1

2

1,6

2

P

max. )

Self Tapping Thread Form Dimensions and Point Details

22

pTHREAD ST

d1

d2

THREAD PROFILE

THREAD ENDS

TYPE C, WITH CONE END *)(IN ISO PREVIOUSLY TYPE AB, IN DIN STANDARDS PREVIOUSLY TYPE B)

TYPE F, WITH FLAT END(IN ISO PREVIOUSLY TYPE B, IN DIN STANDARDS PREVIOUSLY TYPE BZ)

EDGES SLIGHTLYRADIUSED

60

c

45

5+_

y y

d3

Thread size

max.

min.

max.

min.

max.

min.

max.

Type C

Type F

Number )

c

y

d1

d2

d3

1

2

ST 2,9

1,1

2,9

2,76

2,18

2,08

2,01

1,88

0,1

2,6

2,1

4

ST 3,5

1,3

3,53

3,35

2,64

2,51

2,41

2,26

0,1

3,2

2,5

6

ST 4,2

1,4

4,22

4,04

3,1

2,95

2,84

2,69

0,1

3,7

2,8

8

ST 4,8

1,6

4,8

4,62

3,58

3,43

3,3

3,12

0,15

4,3

3,2

10

ST 5,5

1,8

5,46

5,28

4,17

3,99

3,86

3,68

0,15

5

3,6

12

ST 6,3

1,8

6,25

6,03

4,88

4,7

4,55

4,34

0,15

6

3,6

14

ST 8

2,1

8

7,78

6,2

5,99

5,84

5,64

0,15

7,5

4,2

16

ST 9,5

2,1

9,65

9,43

7,85

7,59

7,44

7,24

0,15

8

4,2

20

1) Length of incomplete thread (cone end or flat end)2) Only for information on customary code numbers used on in-house documents.*) No extrusion of excess metal beyond the apex of the type C cone end resulting from thread rolling shall bepermissible. A slight rounding of the point is desirable.

NOTE 1: The above dimensions are for uncoated screws and may be exceeded after coating.

Recommended Torsional Strengthfor Self Tapping Screws

Screw

size (No.)

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

For the torsional strength test, the shank of the screw is clamped so that at least two threadsprotrude above the clamping device. Using a calibrated torque measuring device, torque isapplied until fracture occurs. Screws have to meet the minimum torsional strengths shown in the table.




Min.

-

1,50

1,88

2,24

2,62

3,00

3,38

Min.

1,15

1,5

1,85

2,15

2,5

2,85

3,3

Nom Dia

(mm)

2,2

2,9

3,5

4,2

4,8

5,5

6,3

D Min.

4,0

5,2

6,44

7,74

9,14

10,37

11,97

Diameter of head

Countersunk and raised countersunk heads

Depth of head

k Ref

1,3

1,7

2,1

2,5

3,0

3,4

3,8

Nom Dia (mm)

2,2

2,9

3,5

4,2

4,8

5,5

6,3

23

Height of raise

f Nom

0,7

0,9

1,2

1,4

1,5

1,7

2,0

* D Max.

4,3

5,5

6,8

8,1

9,5

10,8

12,4

* D is the theoretical diameter to sharp corners..

No.

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Slotted Self TappingScrewsType AB and B

k

82 /80 82 /80

CSK HEAD

LEN

GT

H

LEN

GT

H

k

RSD CSK HEAD

f

Screw

t t

Max.

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,51

1,51

1,91

1,91

Slot width n Depth of slot t

Min.

0,66

0,86

1,06

1,26

1,26

1,66

1,66

Csk Max.

0,6

0,75

0,95

1,15

1,35

1,50

1,75

Rsd Csk Max.

1,15

1,5

1,9

2,25

2,6

2,95

3,45

k

PAN HEAD

LEN

GT

H

LEN

GT

H

t

MUSHROOM HEAD

kt

R

n

D D

R

n

Pan and mushroom heads

No.

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

ScrewSlot

Width n

Pan head only Mushroom head only

Slot

Depth t

Diameter of

head D

Depth of

head k

Diameter of

head D

Depth of

head k

Radius of

head R

Radius of

head R

Max.

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,51

1,51

1,91

1,91

Min.

0,66

0,86

1,06

1,26

1,26

1,66

1,66

Max.

0,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

1,7

1,95

2,2

Max.

4,2

5,6

6,9

8,2

9,5

10,8

12,5

Min.

3,9

5,3

6,54

7,84

9,14

10,37

12,07

Max.

1,35

1,75

2,10

2,45

2,8

3,2

3,65

Nom.

0,9

1,0

1,2

1,3

1,6

2

2,2

Max.

-

6,53

8,15

9,75

11,38

13,00

14,55

Min.

-

6,12

7,70

9,24

10,80

12,37

13,87

Max.

-

1,75

2,18

2,60

3,00

3,40

3,81

Nom.

4,30

5,36

6,45

7,20

8,53

9,52




D Min.

4,45

5,25

6,12

7,04

8,75

10,50

14,00

17,50

Diameter of head

D* Max.

5,50

6,30

7,35

8,40

10,00

12,00

16,00

20,00

Pozidriv Machine Screws andTaptite Thread Forming Screws

Diameter size

M2,5

M3

M3,5

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M2,5

M3

M3,5

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

Diameter

R

R

24

Countersunk and raised countersunk Pan Hexagon WasherRaisedcsk only

k Ref.

1,5

1,65

1,93

2,20

2,50

3,00

4,00

5,00

Diameterof head

Depthof head

Heightof raise

Depthof head

Diameterof washer

Depthof washer

Widthacross flats

Depthof head

f Nom.

0,60

0,75

0,90

1,00

1,25

1,50

2,00

2,50

D Max.

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

16,00

20,00

k Max.

1,95

2,30

2,45

2,80

3,50

4,20

5,60

7,00

J Max.

5,2

6,5

7,2

8,4

10,4

13,0

16,9

22,1

T Max.

0,42

0,52

0,57

0,67

0,83

1,04

1,35

1,76

S Max.

4,0

5,0

5,5

5,5

8,0

10,0

13,0

17,0

k Max.

1,52

1,82

2,12

2,80

3,65

4,15

5,65

7,18

POZIDRIV Recess and Driver No.

1

1

2

2

2

3

4

4

R

* D is the theoretical diameter to sharp corners.

DRIVER SIZES

ISO Metric dimensions in mm

92 /90

LEN

GT

H

Dk k

fCSK HEAD RSD CSK HEAD

TAPTITE THREADFORM

LEN

GT

H

k k

t

PAN HEAD INDENTEDHEX HEAD

J

S




Pilot Hole SizesTaptite Thread Forming Screws

R

MATERIAL AND HOLES

Note: The Standard taper on cored holes is 1 11’

Taptile Screws perform well in a wide range of materials such asmild steel, stainless steel, brass, copper, zinc and aluminium baseddie-castings and some plastics. Holes in these materials may bedrilled, cored or extruded.

Recommended holes in steel or die-castings are tabulated below.For recommendations for the use of Taptile in extruded holes inother materials, please contact the Technical Department of M & DSpecialised Fasteners CC.

RECOMMENDED PILOT HOLE SIZES FOR STEEL SHEET AND BAR

RECOMMENDED PILOT HOLE SIZES FOR ALUMINIUM SHEET AND BAR

RECOMMENDED CORED AND DRILLED HOLE SIZES IN DIE-CASTINGS

M3

M3,5

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

Screw Size

Diameter

M3

M3,5

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

Material Thickness

0,50 - 2,00

2,70

3,10

3,60

-

-

-

-

1,50 - 3,50

2,75

3,20

3,70

4,50

5,40

7,30

-

3,00 - 6,50

2,80

3,20

3,70

4,60

5,50

7,40

9,20

6,00 - 8,00

-

3,30

3,80

4,70

5,60

7,50

9,30

8,00 - 12,00

-

3,30

3,80

4,70

5,70

7,60

9,40

Screw Size

Diameter

M3

M3,5

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

Material Thickness

0,50 - 2,00

2,60

3,10

-

-

-

-

-

1,50 - 3,00

2,70

3,10

3,60

4,50

5,40

7,30

-

3,00 - 6,50

2,75

3,20

3,70

4,50

5,40

7,30

9,20

6,00 - 8,00

-

3,20

3,70

4,60

5,50

7,40

9,20

8,00 - 12,00

-

3,20

3,70

4,70

5,60

7,50

9,30

Screw

Size

Diameter

A

2,88

3,35

3,82

4,80

5,74

7,69

9,64

B

2,74

3,19

3,64

4,58

5,48

7,35

9,22

F

2,75

3,20

3,65

4,60

5,50

7,40

9,30

H

5,0

5,8

6,7

8,3

10,0

13,3

16,6

J

1,5

1,7

2,0

2,7

3,2

3,7

4,1

K

7

8

9

11

13

17

21

L

6

7

8

10

12

16

20

Cored Hole

+ 0 - 0,075

Drilled Hole

+ 0,1 - 0

Minimum

Boss Diameter

Distance to edge

Minimum for no

measurable distortion

Hole Depth

as cast or drilled

Length of threadengagement to

develop strengthof screw

K

B

H

ASTD. TAPER

1 L L K

FJ


25



Alt. drill

29

26

20

12

3

Thin sheet metal,

non-ferrous castings, plastics, etc.

Hole dia. mm

3,60

3,90

4,30

5,00

5,80

Alt. drill

27

24

18

9

1

Hole dia. mm

3,40

3,70

4,10

4,80

5,50

Drilled or clean

punched hole dia.

mm

Alt. drill

54

50

42

36

30

7

8

10

12

14

Alt. drill

55

52

44

39

31

00

0

2

4

6

18-8 STAINLESS STEEL PLATE ETC. SELF TAPPING SCREWS

In mild steel, and aluminium alloy plates etc.

2,9

3,5

4,2

4,8

6,3

Alternate

drill sizes

mm

CASE HARDENED STEEL SCREWS

In mild steel, brass, aluminium alloy, stainless steel plates etc.

0,45

0,91

1,62

0,45

0,91

1,62

2,03

0,45

0,91

1,62

2,03

2,64

0,71

0,91

1,22

1,62

2,64

3,18

1,60

1,85

1,95

2,05

2,30

2,40

2,60

2,35

2,80

2,95

3,10

3,20

2,90

3,10

3,20

3,40

3,70

3,80

52

49

48

46

43

41

38

42

35

32

31

30

32

31

30

29

26

25

2,2

2,9

3,5

4,2

Recommended Pilot Hole and Drill Sizes

TYPES AB AND B SELF-TAPPING SCREWS

26

2

4

6

8

Screw

No.

Nom. dia

mm

Metal

thickness

mm

0,71

1,22

1,62

2,64

3,18

4,75

0,71

1,22

1,62

2,64

3,18

4,75

1,22

1,62

2,03

3,18

4,75

6,35

3,40

3,60

3,80

4,10

4,30

4,50

4,10

4,30

4,50

4,80

4,90

5,10

4,80

5,20

5,40

5,70

5,90

6,00

29

28

25

20

18

16

20

18

16

12

10

7

12

5

3

1

A

B

4,8

5,5

6,3

10

12

14

Screw

No.

mm

Nom. dia

mm

Metal

thickness

mm

Drilled or clean

punched hole dia.

mm

Alternate

drill sizes

mm

Alternate

drill

sizes

4

6

8

10

14

Screw

No.

Nom. dia

mm

Metal

thickness

mm

Drilled or clean

punched hole dia.

mm

0,45

0,91

0,45

0,91

0,71

1,22

1,62

0,71

1,22

1,62

1,22

1,62

2,20

2,30

2,70

2,80

3,00

3,20

3,40

3,50

3,70

3,80

5,40

5,40

44

43

36

35

32

30

29

29

26

25

3

3

NOTE: 18-8 quality stainless steel self-tapping screws are softer than case hardened steel screws and, therefore, care must be exercisedin using them. They cannot be used in very hard material.

HAMMER DRIVE SCREWS TYPE U

Screw

No.

Thin sheet metal,

non-ferrous castings, plastics, etc.

Hole dia. mm

1,30

1,65

2,20

2,55

3,10

Hole dia. mm

1,40

1,75

2,30

2,70

3,30

Cast iron,

thick sheet metal

Screw

No.

Cast iron,

thick sheet metal

NOTE: It is important that the correct hole size is used and the recommendations above should be followed, but if very hard material isbeing used a hole size slightly larger may have to be used, and in very soft material a smaller hole size may be necessary.



M3

5,03

1,3

0,77

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M3,5

Technical Data for I.S.O. Metric Slotted machine Screws

Diameter

Stress Area (mm )

Screw tension (kN)

Torque (Nm)

The above torque figures are only suggested values and are based on a strength grade of 5,8 for themachine screw and normal frictional conditions.

CHEESE HEAD

92 /90LE

NG

TH

D

k

n

t

PAN HEADCSK HEAD

LEN

GT

H

Et

D

n

LEN

GT

H

Bt

D

n

Nominalsize

DIN 963COUNTERSUNK HEAD

DIN STD

27

DIN 85PAN HEAD

DIN 85CHEESE HEAD

0,5

0,7

0,8

1,0

1,25

1,5

0,6

PitchDiameter of head

D Max

5,60

7,5

9,2

11,0

14,5

18,0

6,50

D Min

5,3

7,14

8,84

10,5

14,07

17,57

6,14

Depth

of head

K Max

1,65

2,2

2,5

3,0

4,0

5,0

1,93

Width

of slot

n Max

1,0

1,2

1,51

1,91

2,31

2,81

1,0

Depth

of slot

t Max

0,85

1,1

1,3

1,6

2,1

2,6

1,0

Diameter

of head

C Max

6,0

8,0

10,0

12,0

16,0

20,0

7,0

Depth

of head

E Max

1,8

2,4

3,0

3,6

4,8

6,0

2,1

Width

of slot

n Max

1,0

1,2

1,51

1,91

2,31

2,81

1,0

Depth

of slot

t Max

0,95

1,30

1,50

1,90

2,40

3,0

1,10

Diameter

of head

A Max

5,5

7,0

8,5

10,0

13,0

16,0

6,0

Depth

of head

B Max

2,0

2,6

3,3

3,9

5,0

6,0

2,4

Width

of slot

n Max

1,0

1,2

1,51

1,91

2,31

2,81

1,0

Depth

of slot

t Max

1,15

1,50

1,80

2,20

2,60

3,0

1,40

Suggested Tightening Torques(ISO Metric Slotted Machine Screws)

2

M3,5

6,78

-

-

M4

8,78

2,2

1,79

M5

14,2

3,6

3,62

M6

20,1

5,1

6,15

M8

36,6

9,3

14,93

M10

58

-

-





3

Coefficient of friction ( )

0,35

0,35

0,50

0,15

0,35

0,35

0,50

Minimum bolt tension, T (kN)3

Grade 10.9S

61

114

178

220

257

334

408

595

2

Grade 8.8S

49

91

142

176

205

266

326

475

1

Nominal size*

of bolt

M12**

M16

M20

(M22)

M24

(M27)

M30

M36

General

Friction –grip bolted connections are connections in which shear forceis transmitted by the friction developed between the faying surfacesof the connected parts, which are clamped together by high pre-tension forces in the bolts. The bolts are of high-strength materialand are pre-tensioned during installation to a force of at least 70 percent of their tensile resistance. The holes are usually 2mm larger indiameter than the bolts, but a high degree of stiffness (i.e. resistanceto slip) is achieved because of the use of friction to transfer the shear.Friction or slip-resistant joints are only specified for connections whichare subject to load reversal under normal loading conditions, or whereslipping into bearing cannot be tolerated for any other reason.

Friction joints are designed to transmit working (i.e. not factored)loads. They usually have a considerable reserve of strength abovetheir slip resistance (i.e. the load at which the friction is overcomeand bolts slip into bearing). If slip only causes unserviceability of thestructure and not collapse, it may be possible in the design to mobilizethis post-slip reserve for the ultimate limit state.

The design of friction-grip connections is covered by SABS 094-1982.Tables 1 to 3 from that code, which give friction coefficients, bolttensions and load factors respectively, are reproduced below.

HIGH STRENGTH FRICTION-GRIP BOLTS

SABS 094-1982 – TABLE 1: COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF FAYING SURFACES

28

SABS 094-1982-TABLE 2:MINIMUM BOLT TENSIONS

* Sizes shown in bracketsare non-preffered** Non-preffered for technical reasons

Dimensional and strength requirements

The dimensional and strength requirements for HSFG bolts arecovered by specification SABS 1282-1982, whilst the requirementsof the use of the bolts in connections are dealt with in code SABS094-1982. Mechanical properties, dimensions and masses of bolt,nuts and washers are given in the Tables on pages 5 and 6.

The above specification and code cover two grades of bolt, viz. 8.8Sand 10.9S, previously known as ‘general’ and ‘higher’ graderespectively. The significance of the grade designations is as describedunder “Bearing bolts” in Section 6.2, but the suffix “S” identifies thebolts as friction grip. The material strength is thus nominally the sameas for the corresponding grades of precision bearing bolt, but theshank diameter tolerances are coarser. The width across flats of theheads and nuts and the height of nut are greater than for correspondingsizes of precision bolts; this is because of the high pre-tension forceapplied.

Threads for all HSFG bolts are to the standard ISO coarse form(as for precision bolts) and medium class of fit is used.

NOTE:1. Ensure that all surfaces are free of dirt, oil, lacquer and other foreign matter and, except where a coating is specified, of paint and other

coatings.2. Ensure that Class C surfaces are assembled as soon after blast-cleaning as reasonably possible and in any event before formation of

rust becomes apparent.3. Ensure the blast-cleaning of Class E surfaces is carried out immediately before assembly.4. Carefully select the grit or shot used in blast-cleaning to ensure a roughened surface with the required coefficient of friction is achieved.5. Ensure that in Class F surfaces the paint coatings have a dry film thickness not exceeding 0,1 mm and are thoroughly dry before assembly.6. Red lead primer and similar oil or long oil resin-based paints are not recommended for faying surfaces.

1

Class

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

2

Surface condition of faying surfaces

Weathered rusted steel millscale

Clean millscale, wire brushed

Blast-cleaned

Hot-dip galvanized

Hot-dip galvanized and lightly blast cleaned with fine grit

Blast-cleaned, painted with inorganic zinc-rich paint

Blast-cleaned, zinc or aluminium metal-sprayed

1

Joints

SABS 094-1982-TABLE 3:LOAD FACTORS

Joints subject to dynamic

loading, vibration, or impact

Other joints

2

Load factor (k)

1,45

1,25




Nuts are specified by proof load stress and hardness value only.The former corresponds to a stress in the bolt significantly higherthan specified for the bolt; this is to preclude nut failure under tensileloading because of concern about the lack of ductility of this modeof failure. Nut hardness also differs from that of the bolt, so as toavoid cold welding that can occur between the threads if two materialsof similar hardness are rubbed together under high bearing pressure.Hardened washers may be used to prevent the element that is beingturned (whether nut or bolt head) from digging into the softer materialof the connected parts. They are mandatory for the controlled-torquemethod of tightening, but not for the turn –of-nut method.

Tightening methods

In a friction-grip bolted connection it is necessary to ensure that afterthe bolts in a group have been tightened they are all tensioned to theminimum value given in SABS 094-1982, viz 0,7 times the bolt tensilestrength. The methods of tightening recognized by the code are thefollowing:

1. Turn-of-nut method: In essence this method induces an extension of the bolt by applying a prescribed rotation of the nut or head. To be effective the head and nut must have a solid base to react against. It is essential that, before applyingthe prescribed turn, all plies of the connection at all bolt positionsare pulled into close contact, called the “snug-tight” condition.After suitable marks are made so that subsequent rotation between bolt and nut may be observed, the nut or head is subject to the appropriate rotation, viz 0,5 to 1,25 turns depending on grip length. This is probably the most common method of tightening and is to be recommended because of its reliability.

2. Torque-control method: Here each bolt in the group is subjectedto a certain predetermined torque in sequence. To overcome possible interaction between bolts if the plies do not readily draw up, the sequence is repeated until all bolts refuse to turnfurther.

Most of the torque effort (80 per cent to 90 per cent) is lost inovercoming friction in the threads and between nut and plate.It follows that small vibrations in friction will result in substantialvariations in bolt pre-tension and great care is therefore necessary to achieve consistent results. The required torque is determined by calibrating the tightening device (at least onceevery shift) to produce a tension on a specimen bolt of 1,1 times the specified tension. It is important that the frictional resistance of all bolts in the connection is consistent with thatof the specimen bolt.

This method tends to be unpopular, both with contractors andinspectors, because of the variability in the ratio of applied torque to shank pre-tension. Its use is not recognized in NorthAmerican practice.

3. Part torque, part turn method: This is a variation of the turn-of-nut method, where the pulling up to the snug tight conditionis quantified by first applying a specified reduced tension to allbolts in the group in sequence up to the point of refusal and then applying 90° turn of the nut (or head) to bring the boltsto their full required pre-tension.

4. Proprietary load indicating devices: Various proprietary load indicating bolts and washers are available. Two of these are the ‘Coronet’ load indicating washer and the GKN ‘Lib’ or loadindicating bolt. These indicate the tensile load in the bolt by producing a measurable gap variation in the presence of localyielding. This change is usually irreversible and these systemscannot therefore indicate current bolt load; they can onlyshow that a particular bolt was once tensioned to its requiredload or above. They should therefore not be used where there

is an interaction between neighbouring bolts. In any event, theconnection should be pulled up to its snug tight condition before proceeding with final tightening. SABS 094-1982 requiresthat an accurate direct measurement procedure mustdemonstrate that the bolts are being tightened to the requiredtension.

5. Proprietary bolts: Certain proprietary HSFG bolts are available,two of these being the ‘Huckbolt’ direct tension control bolt andthe ‘T.C.’ or torque control bolt. The essential feature of thesebolts is that in the installation process an element of the bolt is broken off, thus registering the force applied to the bolt. In the former type the tension induced in the bolt is directly monitored; as this is the critical requirement for bolt performance,the method obviously has maximum effectiveness. In the latter,it is the applied torque (and not the tension) that is controlled.With both methods installation is easy and rapid and inspectionis simplified. Again, however, prior tightening to the snug tightcondition is a prerequisite and regular site checks are necessaryto ensure that the required bolt tensions are being achieved.

Friction

The essential requirement of friction-grip connection is that anadequate degree of frictional resistance is developed between theplies when they are drawn together by the pre-tension in the bolts.In practice, however, considerable variation exists in the coefficientof friction even for a nominally similar set of circumstances. Table 1of the SABS 094-1982 sets out coefficients for various classes offaying surfaces; the values given may safely be used for designpurposes subject to the requirements of the Note to the table beingmet. It will be seen that a friction coefficient of 0,35 is appropriate fortypical untreated surfaces, provided they are free of all deleteriousmatter and that clean millscale is wire brushed.

Should faying surfaces differ from those listed in Table 1 of SABS094-1982 or should it be desired to confirm the frictional resistanceof those listed, appendix B of the code prescribes a fairly simple testmethod of determining resistance. It is obvious that the appropriatevalue of frictional coefficient must be determined at the design stage,i.e. at the time when the number of bolts to be used in a connectionis being determined.

It is important that the steelwork fabricator and erector are madeaware of the class of surface condition or treatment that is requiredat each joint.

Bolts in tension

HSFG bolts are well suited to the transfer of tensile loads coaxialwith the bolts. In this mode of load transfer they are not acting infriction at all, but because of their high tensile strength, the largersize of their heads and nuts and the fact that they are pre-tensioned,they represent an extremely efficient medium of tensile loadtransmission. Clause 4.5 of SABS 094-1982 rates the safe tensileresistance of a statically loaded bolt at 0,6 times the bolt pre-tension.Such bolts may be used in, for example, the design of hangers,tension splices and the tension regions of beam-to-column momentconnections. However, flexure of the bolted parts may lead to asignificant increase in bolt load owing to prying action.

Combined friction and tension

Clause 4.6 of SABS 094-1982 deals with joints subject to combinedfriction (or shear) force and tensile force. Externally applied tensionproduces a proportional reduction in the clamping force between theplies, which in turn produces a corresponding reduction in the frictionresistance of the connection. The relationship is directly proportional,so the code formula is one of linear interaction. It should be notedthat the tensile force to be accounted for includes prying and eccentricityeffects, if any, but not the initial pre-tension.

29





Fatigue

Under fatigue loading an unpre-tensioned bolt under externally appliedtensile load is unsatisfactory because of the local stress concentrationsboth where the head joins the shank and at the threads. The way toachieve a satisfactory fatigue resistance is to ensure that the bolt isnot subjected to significant fluctuations in load and in practice this issimply achieved by pre-loading the bolt. Clause 4.5 of SABS 094allows grade 8.8S bolts, pre-tensioned to the specified 0,7 times bolttensile strength, to be dynamically loaded to 0,5 times the pre-tensioned value. Grade 10.9S bolts may not be used in this modebecause of their lower ductility. It is important to allow adequately forprying action in fatigue loaded joints; rigid end plates should be usedto keep fluctuations in bolt load to a minimum. With flexible end platesconsiderable prying forces are developed, which magnify the loadfluctuations.

Post-slip strength

In certain connections HSFG bolts may be specified by the designermerely to guard against slip occurring at low loading or to preventthe nuts working loose. In such cases, provided the load is uni-directional and slip at full working load is not detrimental to theconnection, the post-slip reserve resistance of the bolts may safelybe mobilized. The design strength may then be taken as that of abolt acting in shear and bearing, resulting in an increase (if shear iscritical) of about 25 per cent on the friction resistance.

Galvanized and plated bolts

Sherardized, cadmium plated and galvanized bolts and nuts areavailable. Since like metals of similar hardness tend to cold weldeasily, it is preferable to use dissimilar bolts and nuts. Alternatively,galvanized nuts and bolts can be used with final tapping of the nutsbeing carried out after galvanizing. Where galvanizing is done onpre-tapped nuts, thread interference and galling may occur, resultingin considerable variations in the applied torque/bolt tension ratio. Inthis situation only the turn of nut or the direct tension indicator methodsof bolt installation are permitted. The use of galvanized Grade 10.9Sbolts is not permitted.

Re-use of bolts

Re-use of friction grip bolts is not permitted by SABS 094-1982 inthe case of Grade 10.9S or galvanized Grade 8.8S bolts. Re-use ofother Grade 8.8S bolts is only permissible if their re-use has beenapproved by the design engineer. Under normal circumstances onere-use (i.e. a total of two uses) of such bolts is acceptable.

30

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH FRICTION-GRIP BOLTS TO SABS 1282-1982

8,8S

10,9S

GradeTensile Strength (MPa) 0,2% perm. set stress (MPa) Proof load stress (MPa) Elongation at fracture (%)

max.

1 000

1 200

min.

830

1 040

min.

660

940

min.

600

830

min.

12

9

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH FRICTION-GRIP NUTS TO SABS 1282-1982

Grade

8S

10S

Proof load stress (MPa)

1075*

1245

* 1 165 for bolts with undercut threads before galvanizing and oversize nuts after tapping and having 6 X thread tolerance(see SABS 1282-1982, clause 3.5.1)




Notes on Tightening Torque

The importance of correct bolt tightening cannot be over emphasised.Determining the correct torque can however present problems.

Approximately 90% of the applied torque is employed in overcomingfriction, 50% at the bearing face of the nut and 40% between themating threads. It can therefore be seen that only something in orderof 10% effort is employed inducing axial load in the bolt.

Unfortunately, because of the variations in the frictional conditions,torque figures can give widely varying bolt tensions. The mainprecaution that can be taken is to calibrate the torque wrench foreach batch of bolts. It is recognised however, that in many cases thisis impracticable and for the majority of cases, the figures given in thetable overleaf may be taken as a useful guide.

The torque figures quoted are approximate figures and are applicableto fasteners in the self colour condition only.

They do not take into account the effect of plated finishes, speciallubricants or the effect of hard and smooth mating surfaces such ashardened washers etc.

The torque figures quoted have been based on a theoretical bolt loadequal to 85% of the proof load of the bolting material.

For bolt loads and diameters not shown in the chart the followingformula can be used:

31

Where K = FRICTIONAL FACTOR and can vary from less than 0,1to in excess of 0,3 depending on the type of plating if present, and the degree of lubrication. These torques maybe modified by multiplying the torque value by the appropriate CORRECTION FACTOR from the lubricationfactor tables on pages 27 and 31 as may be applicable.

During tightening, two stresses are applied to the bolt, torsion dueto friction between the threads and tension in stretching the bolt. Aftertightening however, only tension remains. In a rigid joint, if the bolttension exceeds the external tensile loads, the bolt will experienceno further stress and will not fail, providing of course that the correctbolts have been selected and the joints have been adequately

designed for the anticipated loads. It is important therefore that theclamping load in the joint is always greater than the external loading.

Correct pre-loading of the bolt resists the effects of fatigue. Providingthat the bolt pre-load is greater than an applied load, the fatigue lifeof the bolt will be infinite. The correct pre-load reduces the amplitudeof the stress change in the bolt to a safe value.

Always remember that the best method of keeping a nut on a boltis by proper tightening.

For technical details or advice on tightening problems, contact theTechnical Department of M & D Specialised Fasteners CC.

Torque (Nm) =

Plated Torque (Nm) = Calculated Torque (Nm) x friction correction factor

K x Bolt Load (N) x Nominal Bolt dia. (mm)

1000




Zinc

1,00

1,20

0,90

0,65

0,55

Cadmium

0,80

1,35

1,20

0,70

0,65

A Guide to the Selection of Torque Values

It should be understood that the subject of torque tension loading isbeyond the scope of this manual. The information here supplied isan acceptable guide for normal conditions; for critical applications,however, further information and research will be necessary.

In preparing this guide to torque values, the following basic assumptionshave been made:

(a) bolts and nuts are new, standard finish, uncoated and not lubricated*

(b) the load will be 90% of the bolt yield strength(c) the coefficient of friction ( ) is 0,14

(d) the final tightening sequence is achieved smoothly and slowly,until the torque tool indicates full torque has been obtained.

* If lubrication has been applied to the bolt and/or the nut (otherthan the normal protective oil film), multiply the recommendedtorque by the appropriate factor shown in the table.

Example: Bolt and nut are both phosphated;required torque = torque recommended x 0.75.

32

LUBRICATION FACTOR

Sur

face

cond

ition

of n

ut

Self

Zinc

Cadmium

Phosphate and oil

Zinc with wax

1,00

1,15

0,85

0,70

0,60

Self

Surface condition of boltSurface condition of bolt

Phosphate

0,90

1,15

1,00

0,75

0,55

N.B. Antiseize lubricants can reduce torque required by approximately 20%

CONVERSION FACTORS

Torquelbf.ft x 1.36 = N mN m x 0.737 = lbf.ft

Flowl/s x 2.119 = cu.ft/mincu.ft/min x 0.472 = l/s

Forcelbf x 4.45 = NN x 0.225 = lbf

Powerhp x 0.746 = kW

kW = N m x rev/min

95555Pressurelbf/in x 0.069 = barbar x 14.504 = lbf/in

2

2

FORMULAE

Accepted formulae relating torque and tension, based on anytests, are:-

M = torque lbf.ftP = bolt tension lbfD = bolt dia. ins

M = torque N mP = bolt tension NewtonsD = bolt dia. mm

These formulae may be used for bolts outside the range of thetables.

P x D60M =

P x D5000M =

or for metric sizes:-

L2L1M2 = M1 x

FORMULA FORCALCULATING THE EFFECT OFTORQUE WRENCH EXTENSIONS

where L1 is the normal length and L2 is the extended length, M1 isthe set torque and M2 the actual torque applied to the nut.Example: Torque setting 100 Nm.L1 = 500 L2 = 650 (units of length not imporatnt, this is a ratio)

650500M2 = 100 x = 130 N m

TORQUE CONVERSION SCALE

L NORMAL LENGTH

L NORMAL LENGTH2

1

N m 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25kpm

00

lbf.ftlb.in

10120

20240

30360

40480

50600

60720

70840

80960

901080

1001200

1101320

1201440

1301560

1401680

1501800

1601920

1702040

1802160




N.m

0,52

1,88

4,31

8,48

14,71

35,30

70,61

122,60

299,10

578,6

1 000

2 010

3 491

5 609

Newtons

1 461

3 727

6 453

10 591

14 906

27 360

43 541

63 547

120 131

187 796

270 662

432 471

632 526

870 826

Newtons

863

2 206

3 825

6 257

8 836

16 230

25 791

37 657

71 196

111 305

160,338

255 952

374 612

515 827

N.m

0,12

0,44

1,00

1,96

3,43

8,24

16,7

28,4

69,6

135

230

466

814

1 304

Newtons

378

966

1 677

2 736

3 864

7 090

11 278

16 475

31 087

48 641

70 019

112 286

164 261

225 552

SUGGESTED MAXIMUM BOLT LOADS AND TORQUE VALUES (UNC THREADS)

33

UNC

in.

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

11/8

11/4

13/8

11/2

Newtons

4 379

7 344

10 951

15 065

20 244

26 075

32 452

49 781

67 157

88 221

111 007

142 135

168 641

206 578

N.m

5,43

11,2

19,9

31,9

48,8

70,4

97,4

178

279

418

593

837

1 096

1 456

lbf

984

1 650

2 461

3 386

4 551

5 861

7 295

11 191

15 097

19 832

24 955

31 953

37 911

46 440

lbf.ft

4,00

8,26

14,68

23,53

36,00

51,92

71,84

131,3

205,8

308,3

437,4

617,3

808,4

1 074

Quality P (Mild Steel) S T

Newtons

8 320

13 954

20 807

28 623

38 463

49 542

61 658

94 584

127 599

167 620

210 913

270 091

320 417

392 498

N.m

10,3

21,3

37,9

60,7

92,7

134

185

338

530

795

1 126

1 591

2 083

2 767

lbf

1 870

3 136

5 161

6 434

8 646

11 137

13 861

21 263

28 685

37 682

47 415

60 718

72 032

88 237

lbf.ft

7,60

15,71

27,95

44,77

68,37

98,83

136,45

249,3

391

586

830

1 173

1 536

2 041

Newtons

8 980

15 061

22 458

30 894

41 516

53 474

66 552

102 091

137 725

180 923

227 652

291 527

345 847

423 648

N.m

11,1

23,0

40,9

45,5

100

144

200

364

572

858

1 216

1 717

2 248

2 987

lbf

2 018

3 385

5 048

6 945

9 333

12 021

14 961

22 950

30 961

40 673

51 178

65 537

77 749

95 239

lbf.ft

8,19

16,96

30,17

48,31

73,76

106

1475

268,5

422

633

897

1 266

1 658

2 203

Width

across flats

in.

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

7/8

15/16

11/8

15/16

11/2

111/16

17/8

21/16

21/4

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM BOLT LOADS AND TORQUE VALUES (UNF THREADS)

UNC

in.

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

11/8

11/4

13/8

11/2

Newtons

5 232

8 410

12 911

17 416

23 685

30 075

38 156

56 078

76 297

99 200

128 738

161 358

199 331

240 377

N.m

6,28

12,5

22,7

35,9

55,4

79,0

111

195

309

459

667

925

1 252

1 642

lbf

1 176

1 891

2 903

3 915

5 325

6 761

8 578

12 607

17 152

22 301

28 941

36 275

44 811

54 039

lbf.ft

4,63

9,22

16,74

26,5

40,9

58,3

81,9

144

228

339

492

682

923

1 211

Quality P (Mild Steel) S T

Newtons

9 941

15 979

24 531

33 091

45 002

57 143

72 496

106 549

144 965

188 480

244 602

306 580

378 728

456 717

N.m

11,9

23,8

43,2

68,2

105

150

210

370

587

873

1 267

1 757

2 378

3 119

lbf

2 234

3 592

5 514

7 439

10 116

12 846

16 297

23 953

32 589

42 371

54 988

68 921

85 141

102 673

lbf.ft

8,78

17,55

31,9

50,3

77,4

111

155

273

433

644

934

1 296

1 754

2 300

Newtons

10 730

17 247

26 478

35 717

48 574

61 678

78 250

115 005

156 470

203 439

264 015

330 911

408 786

492 965

N.m

12,9

25,7

46,6

73,6

114

162

227

399

634

942

1 368

1 896

2 567

3 367

lbf

2 412

3 877

5 952

8 029

10 919

13 865

17 591

25 854

35 175

45 734

59 352

74 391

91 898

110 822

lbf.ft

9,51

18,96

34,4

54,3

84,0

119

167

294

468

695

1 009

1 398

1 893

2 482

Width

across flats

in.

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

7/8

15/16

11/8

15/16

11/2

111/16

17/8

21/16

21/4

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM BOLT LOADS AND TORQUE VALUES (METRIC COARSE THREADS)

mm

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

12

16

20

24

30

36

42

Newtons

284

726

1 255

2 059

2 903

5 315

8 473

12 356

23 340

36 481

52 563

84 043

123 073

169 164

N.m

0,16

0,59

1,34

2,65

4,51

10,79

21,57

38,25

93,16

180

308,9

622,7

1 089

1 746

3.6

Newtons

731

1 863

3 226

5 286

7 453

13 680

21 771

31 773

60 016

93 849

135 331

215 745

316 753

435 413

N.m

0,31

1,13

2,60

5,10

8,73

21,57

42,17

73,55

178,50

384,1

598,2

1 206

2 099

3 364

N.m

0,37

1,34

3,04

6,03

10,30

25,50

50,01

87,28

210,80

411,9

711,0

1 422

2 481

3 991

Newtons

1 216

3 109

5 374

8 806

12 405

22 751

36 284

52 956

100 027

156 415

225,552

359 902

527 595

725 688

N.m

0,63

2,26

5,15

10,20

17,65

42,17

85,32

147,10

357,90

696,3

1 196

2 403

4 197

6 727

Width

across flats

mm

4

5,5

7

8-9

10

13-14

15-17

19-21

24-26

30

36

46

55

65

5.6 6.9 8.8 10.9 12.9




Metric - Imperial ConversionsU.N.F.

T.P.I.

28

24

24

20

20

18

18

16

14

12

12

12

12

ISO COARSEDia.

1/4” (0,2500”)

5/16” (0,3125”)

3/8” (0,3750”)

7/16” (0,4375”)

1/2” (0,5000”)

9/16” (0,5625”)

5/8” (0,6250”)

3/4” (0,7500”)

7.8” (0,8750”)

1” (1,000”)

1-1/4” (1,250”)

1-3/8” (1,375”)

1-1/2” (1,500”)

B.S.W.

T.P.I.

20

18

16

14

12

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

6

B.S.F.

T.P.I.

26

22

20

18

16

16

14

12

11

10

9

8

8

M6

M8

M10

M14

M16

M20

M22

M24

M27

M30

M33

M36

M39

T.P.I (Approx)

25 . 4

20 . 3

17 . 0

12 . 7

12 . 7

10 . 1

10 . 1

8 . 5

8 . 5

7 . 3

7 . 3

6 . 4

6 . 4

Pitch mm

0,75

1,0

1,25

1,5

1,5

1,5

1,5

2,0

2,0

2,0

2,0

3,0

3,0

T.P.I (Approx)

34 . 0

25 . 4

20 . 3

17 . 0

17 . 0

17 . 0

17 . 0

12 . 7

12 . 7

12 . 7

12 . 7

8 . 5

8 . 5

U.N.C.

T.P.I.

20

18

16

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

6

Pitch mm

1,0

1,25

1,5

2,0

2,0

2,5

2,5

3,0

3,0

3,5

3,5

4,0

4,0

Strength Grade

Marking

ISO strength Grades ForSteel Bolts, Screws, Studs and NutsThe strength of standard ISO metric steel bolts, screws, studs andnuts is readily identified by means of a numerical code.

Strength designation for steel bolts, screws and studsThe code is comprised of two numbers separated by a dot. This dotis not a decimal marker but is merely a means of separating the twoparts of the code.

The number to the left of the dot when multiplied by 100 provides anindication of the ULTIMATE STRENGTH in Mega Pascals while thenumber to the right when multiplied by 10 times the preceedingnumber gives YIELD STRENGTH (Mega Pascals – MPa) or STRESSat 0,2% PERMANENT SET (MPa) depending on the strength grade;e.g. 8.8

Strength designation for nutsThe corresponding code for nuts is a single number and is derivedfrom the left hand number of the Strength Grade of the bolt, screwand stud. This number when multiplied by 100 indicates the PROOFLOAD STRESS of the nut in MPa. Thus, for the bolt of strength grade8.8 in the above example a nut of strength grade 8 is required. Thisnut will have a Proof Load Stress of:

8 x 100 = 800 MPa

In practice only standard threaded fasteners in the high tensilestrength grades, i.e. strength grade 8.8 and above are requiredto be marked with appropriate code.

34

STRENGTH GRADE DESIGNATION MARKING OF BOLTS, SCREWS AND STUDS

Ultimate Strength8 x 100 = 800 MPa

Yield Strength or Stress at 0,2% Permanent Set8 x 8 x 10 = 640 MPa

3.6

3,6

4.6

4,6

4.8

4,8

5.6

5,6

5.8

5,8

6.6

6,6

6.8

6,8

8.8

8,8

10.9

10,9

12.9

12,9

14.9

14,9

Strength Grade

Proof load stress, MPa

STRENGTH GRADE DESIGNATION MARKING OF STEEL NUTS4

400

5

500

6

600

8

800

10

1 000

12

1 200

Grade* of bolt

Recommended grade of nut*

STEEL BOLT/ SCREW/ STUD AND NUT COMBINATIONS3,6

4

4,6

4

4,8

4

5,6

5

(5,8)

5

(6,6)

6

6,8

6

8,8

8

10,9

10

12,9

12

(14,9)

14

NOTE:8 Higher grade nuts may be used on lower grade bolts.

M12 1,75

ISO FINE

14 . 5 1,25 20 . 3

Dia.

7 9 7 1-1/18” (1,125”)

Length

Area

Force

Mass

CONVERSION FACTORS1 mm

1 in

1 mm

1 in

1 N

1 lbf

1 kgf

1 N

1 lb

1 kg

= 0,03937 in

= 25,40 mm

= 0,0016 in

= 645,2 mm

= 0,2248 lbf (1 kN = 1000N)

= 4,448 N

= 9,806 N

= 0,1020 kgf

= 0,454 kg

= 2,205 lb

Torque

Stress

1 Nm

1 lb in

1 Nm

1 kgfm

1 N/mm

1 lbf/in

1 N/mm

1 kgf/mm

= 8,851lbf in

= 0,1130 Nm

= 0,1020 kgfm

= 86,80 lbf in

= 145 lbf/in

= 0,0069 N/mm

= 0,1020 kgf/mm

= 9,806 N/mm

2

2 2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

12




1. For Bolts of property class 8.8 in diameters d < 16 mm, there is an increased risk of nut stripping in the case of inadvertent over-tighteninginducing a load excess of proofing load. Reference to ISO 898-2 is recommended.

2. For structural bolting the limit is 12 mm.

3. Applies only to nominal thread diameters d < 16 mm.

4. Minimum tensile properties apply to products of nominal length l < 2.5 d. Minimum hardness applies to products of length l < 2.5 d and other products which cannot be tensile-tested (e.g. due to head configuration).

5. For testing of full-size bolts, screws and studs, the loads given in tables 6 to 9 shall be applied.

6. Surface hardness shall not be more than 30 Vickers points above the measured core hardness on the product when readings of both surface and core are carried out at HV 0,3. For property class 10.9, any increase in hardness at the surface which indicates that the surface hardness exceeds 390 HV is not acceptable.

7. In cases where the lower yield stress R cannot be determined, it is permissible to measure the proof stress R .

TECHNICAL DELIVERY CONDITIONSSURFACE CONDITIONSThe surface condition of bolts, screws and nuts should be in accordance with the requirements of the relevant parts of ISO 6157.

400

120

114

67

-

240

240

0,94

225

22

420

130

124

71

-

320

340

0,91

310

14

500

155

147

79

-

300

300

0,93

280

20

520

160

152

82

-

400

420

0,90

380

10

600

600

190

181

89

-

480

480

0,92

440

8

800

800

250

320

238

304

-

22

-

32

-

-

640

640

0,91

580

12

30 30-

Mechanical properties of Steel Bolts,Screws and Studs

Mechanical PropertySub-

clauseNo.

5.1and5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.10

5.11

5.12

5.13

5.14

Tensile Strength, R , N/mmm4)5) 2

Vickers hardness, HV, F 98 N

Brinell hardness, HB, F =30 D2

Rockwell hardness, HR

Surface hardness, HV 0,3

Lower yield stress, R , N/mm2

eL7)

Proof stress, R , N/mmp0,22

Stress under proofing load, Sp

Elongation after fracture, A

Strength under wedge loading5)

Impact strength, J

Head soundness

Minimum height of non-decarburized thread zone, E

Maximum depth of complete decarburization, G

nom.

min.

min.

max.

min.

max.

HRB

HRC

HRB

HRC

max.

nom.

min.

nom.

min.

min

N/mm

S /R or S /Rp p p0,2eL

2

Property Class

300

330

95

90

52

-

180

190

0,94

180

25

min.

mm

800

830

255

335

242

318

-

23

-

34

-

-

640

660

0,91

600

12

900

900

290

360

276

342

-

28

-

37

-

-

720

720

0,90

650

10

1 000

1 040

320

380

304

361

-

32

-

39

-

-

900

940

0,88

830

9

1 000

1 220

385

435

366

414

-

39

-

44

-

-

1 080

1 100

0,88

970

8

3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 9.8 10.9 12.98.81) 3)

16 mm 16 mm2)d d

400 500

250

238

99,5

-

-

-

-

The values for full size bolts and screws (not studs) shall not besmaller than the minimum values for tensile strength shown in 5.2

-

No fracture

-

- 0,015

1

2H1

2

3H1

3

4H1

min.

max.

25 25 20 15

p0,2eL

35

6)




3

(3.6)

3,6

6,5

10,4

15,1

20,7

28,2

34,5

44,1

54,5

63

82

100

124

147

175

201

234

264

316

365

424

482

550

Proof load Properties for ISO MetricHexagon Steel Nuts (Kilo Newton Values)

6

6

3 000

4 050

5 250

8 500

12 000

17 300

22 000

35 000

50 500

69 000

94 000

115 000

147 000

182 000

212 000

276 000

336 000

416 000

490 000

585 000

5

5

2 500

3 400

4 400

7 100

10 000

14 500

18 300

29 000

42 100

57 500

78 500

96 000

122 000

151 000

176 000

230 000

280 000

347 000

408 000

488 000

4

4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

76 800

98 000

121 000

141 000

184 000

224 000

277 000

327 000

390 000

36

1

Nominal

thread diameter

mm

M3

M3,5

M4

M5

M6

M7

M8

M10

M12

M14

M16

M18

M20

M22

M24

M27

M30

M33

M36

M39

2

Nominal Stress

area of test mandreal

As, mm

5,03

6,78

8,78

14,2

20,1

28,9

36,6

58

84,3

115

157

192

245

303

353

459

561

694

817

976

8

8

4 000

5 400

7 000

11 400

16 000

23 000

29 000

46 000

67 000

92 000

126 000

154 000

196 000

242 000

282 000

367 000

448 000

555 000

653 000

780 000

10

10

5 000

6 800

8 750

14 200

20 000

29 000

36 500

58 000

84 000

115 000

157 000

192 000

245 000

303 000

353 000

459 000

561 000

694 000

817 000

976 000

12

12

6 000

8 150

10 500

17 000

24 000

34 700

43 000

69 500

100 000

138 000

188 000

230 000

294 000

364 000

423 000

550 000

673 000

833 000

980 000

1170 000

Grade

Proof load, kN

Proof load Properties for ISO Metric HexagonSteel Bolts and Screws (Kilo Newton Values)

1

Nominal size

of bolt or screw

mm

M6

M8

M10

M12

(M14)

M16

(M18)

M20

(M22)

M24

(M27)

M30

(M33)

M36

(M39)

M42

(M45)

M48

(M52)

M56

(M60)

M64

(M68)

Grade

Proof load, kN

2

Tensile stress

area

mm

20,1

36,6

58,0

84,3

115,0

157,0

192,0

245,0

303,0

353,0

459,0

561,0

694,0

817,0

976,0

1120,0

1300,0

1470,0

1760,0

2030,0

2360,0

2680,0

3060,0

4

4.6

4,5

8,2

13,0

18,9

25,8

35,3

43,2

55,1

68,1

79

103

126

156

183

219

252

292

330

396

456

531

603

688

5

(4.8)

5,8

10,6

16,8

24,4

33,3

45,5

55,6

71,0

87,8

102

133

162

201

236

283

324

377

426

510

588

684

777

887

6

5.6

7,3

10,2

16,2

23,6

32,2

43,9

53,7

68,6

84,8

98

128

157

194

228

273

313

364

411

492

568

660

750

856

7

(5.8)

6,8

13,3

21,1

30,7

41,9

57,3

70,0

89,4

110,5

128

167

204

253

298

356

408

474

536

642

740

861

978

1116

8

(6.6)

8,8

16,1

19,7

28,6

39,1

53,3

65,2

83,3

103,0

120

156

190

235

277

331

380

442

499

598

690

802

911

1040

9

6.8

11,6

21,2

25,5

37,0

50,6

69,8

84,4

107,8

133,3

155

201

246

305

359

429

492

572

646

774

893

1038

1179

1340

10

8.8

15,8

28,9

33,6

48,8

66,7

91,0

111,3

142,1

175,7

204

266

325

402

473

566

649

754

852

1020

1177

1368

1554

1774

11

10.9

19,0

34,7

45,8

66,5

90,8

124,0

151,6

193,5

239,3

278

362

443

548

645

771

884

1027

1161

1390

1603

1864

2117

2417

12

12.9

55,1

80,0

109,2

149,1

182,4

232,7

287,8

335

432

532

659

776

927

1064

1235

1396

1672

1928

2242

2546

2907

2

2




2-1/2”

248

335

860

56

730

47

4”

223

310

790

51

660

43

B7

BS1506-6221A

ASTM. A193

Grade B7

0,38-0,48

0,20-0,35

0,75-1,00

0,80-1,10

0,15-0,30

-

-

0,04 max.

0,04 max.

14

54

40

-

-

2H

UNF

ton

2,024

3,228

4,873

6,589

8,869

11,28

14,19

20,63

28,21

36,68

Mechanical Properties for Unified Nuts

UNF

ton

1,840

2,935

4,430

5,990

8,060

10,25

12,90

18,75

25,65

33,35

UNC

ton

1,782

2,926

4,423

5,929

7,911

10,12

12,60

18,59

25,68

33,67

UNF

in

0,0368

0,0587

0,0886

0,1198

0,1612

0,205

0,258

0,375

0,513

0,667

UNC

in

0,0324

0,0532

0,0786

0,1078

0,1438

0,184

0,229

0,338

0,467

0,612

UNC

ton

1,620

2,660

3,930

5,390

7,190

9,200

11,45

16,90

23,35

30,60

UNF

ton

1,398

2,230

3,367

4,552

6,127

7,791

9,804

14,25

19,49

25,34

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mechanical Properties forUnified Bolts and Set Screws

UNC

ton

1,328

2,181

3,222

4,420

5,896

7,544

9,389

13,86

19,14

25,09

31,61

40,10

47,80

58,15

78,72

103,3

Grade S

Proof stress 38 tonf/in

UNF

in

0,0368

0,0587

0,0886

0,1198

0,1612

0,205

0,258

0,375

0,513

0,667

-

-

-

-

-

-

Nominal

size of bolt

or screw

in

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

11/8

11/4

13/8

11/2

13/4

2

37

Alloy Steel Studbolts and Nuts to B.S. 4882,and ASTM A193/ A194

UNC

in

0,0324

0,0532

0,0786

0,1078

0,1438

0,184

0,229

0,338

0,467

0,612

0,771

0,978

1,166

1,148

1,92

2,53

UNC

ton

1,231

2,021

2,986

4,097

5,466

6,992

8,702

12,84

17,74

23,26

29,30

37,16

44,31

53,89

72,97

95,76

UNF

ton

1,509

2,406

3,633

4,911

6,610

8,407

10,58

15,38

21,03

27,35

-

-

-

-

-

-

in

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

9/16

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

StressGrade T

Proof stress 41 tont/inProof Load

2 2

2 2

Stress area x proof stress = proof load

Stress area x min. tensile strength of bolt = proof loadof nuts

Nominal

size of nut

Nominal

size of nut

Stress area

of bolts

Grade 1 nuts Grade 3 nuts

For use with boltsof grade S

For use with boltsof grade T

Min. tensile of gradeS bolts 50 tonf/in

Min. tensile of gradeT bolts 50 tonf/in

2 2

22

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES - STUDBOLTS & NUTSSTUDBOLTS

Grade of Bolting & Marking Symbol

Recommended Bolting Temperature Range

B.S. Material Specification

American Specification

Chemical Analysis

Mechanical Properties

Grade of Nut & Marking symbol

Recommended Temperature Range

B.S. Material Specification

American Specification

Chemical Analysis

Mechanical Properties

2H

BS. 1506-162

ASTM. A194

Grade 2H

0,4 min

-

-

-

-

-

0,05 max.

0,04 max.

248-352

Carbon

Silicon

Manganese

Chronium

Molybdenum

Vanadium

Nickel

Sulphur

Phosphorus

Limiting Ruling Section

Brinell Hardness

Minimum Tensile Strength

Minimum Yield Strength

0,2% Proof Stress

Minimum Elongation

Minimum Izod Impact Value

Charpy V Notch Low Temperature

Impact Value at - 100 C

Recommended nut grade

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

Min.

Max.

N/mm

Tonf/in

N/mm

Tonf/in

%

J

ft lb.f

J

ft lb.f

Carbon

Silicon

Manganese

Chromium

Molybdenum

Nickel

Sulphur

Phosphorus

Brinell Hardness

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

L7

BS1506-621A

BS1510-LT100

ASTM. A320

Grade L7

0,38-0,48

0,20-0,35

0,75-1,00

0,80-1,10

0,15-0,30

-

-

0,04 max.

0,04 max.

14

54

40

20

15

L4

B16

BS1506-661

ASTM. A193

Grade B16

0,36-0,44

0,20-0,35

0,45-0,70

0,80-1,15

0,50-0,65

0,25-0,35

-

0,04 max.

0,04 max.

4”

248

335

860

56

730

47

13

47

35

-

-

4

B8

BS1506-801B

ASTM. A193

Grade B8

0,08 max.

1,0 max.

2,0 max.

18,0-20,0

-

-

8,0-11,0

0,03 max.

0,045 max.

-

-

183

540

35

210

13,5

35

-

-

-

-

8

B8M

BS1506-845

ASTM. A193

Grade B8M

0,08 max.

1,0 max.

2,0 max.

16,0-18,0

2,5-3,0

-

10,0-13,0

0,03 max.

0,045 max.

-

-

183

540

35

210

13,5

35

-

-

-

-

8M

L4

BS. 1506-240

ASTM. A194

Grade 4

0,4-0,5

0,2-0,35

0,7-0,9

-

0,2-0,35

-

0,04 max.

0,035 max.

248-352

4

BS. 1506-240

ASTM. A194

Grade 4

0,4-0,5

0,2-0,35

0,7-0,9

-

0,2-0,35

-

0,04 max.

0,035 max.

248-352

8

BS. 1506-810B

ASTM. A194

Grade 8

0,08 max.

0,1 max.

0,2 max.

18,0-20,0

-

8,0-11,0

0,03 max.

0,045 max.

183 max.

8M

BS. 1506-845

ASTM. A194

Grade 8M

0,08 max.

0,1 max.

0,2 max.

16,0-18,0

2,5-3,0

10,0-13,0

0,03 max.

0,045 max.

183 max.

Min.

-100 C

Max.

400 C

Min.

-100 C

Max.

400 C

Min.

0 C

Max.

520 C

Min.

-250 C

Max.

575 C

Min.

-250 C

Max.

600 C

Min.

-250 C

Max.

600 C

Min.

-250 C

Max.

575 C

Min.

-100 C

Max.

520 C

Min.

-100 C

Max.

520 C

Min.

0 C

Max.

450 C

NUTS

2

2

2

2

2-1/2”

248

335

860

56

730

47

4”

223

310

790

51

660

43




ASTM.A307 Gr A

General Engineering

Grades

10,9

38

Imperial Strength Grades for Steel Bolts, Screws,Studs and nuts

Thread

BS 1768

UNC

and

UNF

Strength grade

of bolt

A B and P

S

T

V and X

Recommended grade

of nut

O

I

3

5

Nut proof

load equivalent

Minimum tensile strength of Grade P bolts

Minimum tensile strength of Grade S bolts

Minimum tensile strength of Grade T bolts

Minimum tensile strength of Grade X bolts

Comparisons of Various Grades of Bolts,Screws and Studs

Min U.T.S

MPa

(N/mm )

I.S.O

Strength Grades

BRITISH

B.S. Grades

AMERICAN

S.A.E Grades

Min U.T.S.

tsi

4,6 & 4,8

5,6 & 5,8

6,6 & 6,8

8,8

12,9

400

500

600

700

800

900

1 000

1 100

1 200

1 300

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

A & B (M.S.-28 tsi)

P (35 tsi)

R (45 tsi)

S (50 tsi)

T (55 tsi)

V (65 tsi)

X (75 tsi)

8 (67 tsi)

5 (1/4”-1” -53.6 tsi)

5 (1-1/8”1-1/2” -46.9 tsi)

2 (1/4”-3/4” -33 tsi)

2 (7/8”-1-1/2” -26.8 tsi)1 (1/4”-1-1/2” -26.8 tsi)

ASTM.A307 Gr B

(Both 26.8 tsi)

ASTM.A325 (1-1/8”-1-1/2”)

ASTM.A325 (7/8”-1”)

ASTM.A325 (1/2”5/8”3/4”)

ASTM.A490

ASTM.A490 (2-1/2”-4”)




Corrosion Protection

INTRODUCTION

There are many ways of fastening one component to another andthe need for this implies the need for them to remain fastened together.There is also the additional requirement that the parts may, from timeto time, have to be disassembled e.g. for maintenance.

Corrosion mainly affects the durability of fasteners, (i.e. their lastingstrength, appearance and ease of dismantling) and may be causedby exposure to a particular environment during service.

Many types of environment are encountered. For example, atmosphericconditions may involve exposure to salt spray near the sea, sulphurdioxide, sulphuric acid and high concentration of solids in industrialregions, high concentrations of airborne contaminants near chemicalplants, high temperatures and humidity in tropical regions and extremecold in others.

39

USE OF RESISTANT COATINGS OR FINISHES

Finish

Electrodeposited zinc

Electrodepositedcadmium

Electrodepositednickel and nickelplus chromium

Hot dip zinc(galvanising)

Dillision coated zinc(sheradizing)

Phosphate coating

Chromate passivation(for zinc andcadmium coatings)

Anodising (foraluminium alloys)

Organic finishesplastic dip coatingsresins and lacquers

Specification

BS 3382 Part 2

BS 1706DTD 903C

BS 3382 Part 1

BS 1706DTD 904C

BS 3382 Parts 3 and 4

BS 1224 : 1965

SABS 763(Related spec. BS 729 Pt. 1)

BS 729 Part 2

BS 3189DEF 29

DEF 130Included in BS 3382Parts 1 and 2

DTD 910CBS 1615

Typical application

Usually bright finish on steel screws. Used forshort term protection of steel fasteners.Satisfactory for standard threads.

For all parts requiring heavy coatings up to38,1 microns deposit thickness.

Usually semi-bright finish on steel screws.Satisfactory for standard threads.

For all parts requiring heavier coatings upto 10,6 microns cadmium.

On to steel and copper alloy screws.Satisfactory short term protection andbright finish on standard threads.

For all parts requiring protective and decorativefinish. Different grades provide for long terminterior and outdoor performance.

Heavy zinc deposits 38,1-76,2 microns onsteel for long term outdoor protection.Uneven coating unsuitable for many smallthreaded parts.

Dull grey protective finish equivalent toapproximately 25,4 microns zinc. Fairly evenfinishon threads. Develops rusty colour on initialweathering.

Dark, almost black, finish suitable for shortterm protection of all steel threaded parts.Coating must be sealed with oil, wax orlacquer to be effective.

Provides an improvement on the performanceof normal zinc and cadmium finishes, usuallygreen-brown in colour.

Provides additional corrosion protection foraluminium, but the coating must be sealedwith oil or lanolin to prevent screw threadseizure.

Applied over BS 3382 Zn coatings for bestperformance. Wide choice of finishes,colours, and performance.

Choice of coatingThe choice of coating to use must be made in relation to the environment, the service life required, the type of fastener and the acceptable cost.




Material

C Cr Ni Fe0,06 18 10 bal.Ti, Nb, S, Se are optional special additions to meetparticular requirements.

BS 970 Part 4 and PD 6290Code Nos. 303 S41, 304 S15, 305 S19, 321 S12, 347 S17BS 1506-801, 821 AISI types 302, 303, 304, 305, 321,347 BS 1750 (bolting)Grades B8, B8T, B8C, ASTM A193 and A194 (bolting)

Excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion exceptsevere industrial and marine conditions.Oxidation resistance satisfactory for use up to 850 C.Resistance to nitric acid and other oxidizing chemicalsis excellent. Resistance to other mineral and organicacids is good within certain limits of temperature andconcentration.Generally unsuitable for solutions of hydrochloric acidand chlorides, particularly if evaporation at hightemperatures can occur. Free machining steels may havelower corrosion resistance than other types, in somecircumstances.

Non-magnetic except when heavily cold worked.Not hardenable by heat treatment but strengthenedgreatly by cold working. Special coatings can preventthread seizure at high temperatures.High strength and toughness at sub-zero temperatures downto -250 C.Significant stress relaxation above 575 C.

Chemical and civil engineering projects. Food processing,medical and brewing equipment and many domesticappliances. Fasteners for aluminum alloy, concrete,plastic, and plastic coated steel assemblies.Cryogenic equipment.Special purpose builing and masonry fixings.

Forged bolts, set screws, nuts, socket screws, machinescrews, rivets, self-tapping screws, woodscrews.Special fully machined products.

CHOICE OF FINISH (ZINC OR CADMIUM)

Both zinc and cadmium are commonly regarded as providing sacrificialprotection of iron and steel: that is to say, in a corrosive environmentthe zinc or cadmium corrodes and in so doing protects the steel fromcorrosion even if it should be exposed at pores or cracks or otherdiscontinuities in the coatings caused, for example, by mechanicaldamage.

Fortunately, sacrificial protection is only part of the story. Underconditions of atmospheric exposure or immersion in hard waters zincremains protective for prolonged periods because any discontinuitiesin the coating are sealed by deposit of carbonate which is laid downas a result of the sacrificial corrosion occurring. In soft watersdiscontinuities in the zinc cannot be sealed in this way and theprotection afforded to steel by a zinc coating is, therefore limited.Fortunately, the rate of corrosion of cadmium in soft waters is slowerthan that of zinc, which means that a longer life is normally obtained

for a cadmium plated steel article of equal deposit thickness.Furthermore, discontinuities in a cadmium coating can be sealed inchloride solutions by the formation of basic cadmium chloride oflimited solubility

Both zinc and cadmium do, of course, corrode in spite of this “healing”action at discontinuities, and the overall life of a coated steel article,therefore, depends on the thickness of the deposit. The onset ofattack can be delayed (and the overall life hence increased) to a verymarked degree by applying a chromate passivation treatment to thezinc or cadmium deposit.

Considered purely in terms of corrosion protection, zinc is normallyto be preferred to cadmium in all atmospheric conditions and underconditions of immersion in hard water. Cadmium is normally preferableto zinc under immersed conditions in soft waters and chloride-containing solutions. Cadmium also shows greater resistance tocorrosion by alkaline solutions.

40

MATERIALS FOR STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS

PLATING STANDARD SCREW THREADSThe thickness of coatings which can be applied to standard screw threads is limited due to possibility of thread interference with similarly platedmating threads.

USE OF CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIALSThe most commonly used materials are stainless steels of which the most popular are the two austenitic grades 18/8 and 18/10/3.

Material

Typical composition

Relatedspecifications

Corrosion and heatresistingcharacteristics

Other specialfeatures

Typicalapplications

Fastenertypes

Austentic stainless steel (18/10/3 type)

C Cr Ni Mo Fe0,06 18 10 2,75 bal.

BS 970 Part 4 Code Nos. 316 S16BS 1506-845AISI type 316ASTM A193 and A194 bolting gradesB8M and 8M

Higher corrosion resistance than 18/8grade in many chemical environments,including contact with dilute sulphuricacid, and acetic acid over a wide rangeof temperature and concentration.Resistance to atmospheric staining andpitting in industrial and urban areas,and also suitable for marine conditions-except continuous immersion in sea water.Satisfactory oxidation resistance up to800 C.

As 18/8.

Significant stress relaxation above600 C.

Fasteners for boat deck fittings,chemical plant, swimming baths andvats. Fertiliser, rayon and sewagetreatment plant. Dairy equipment.Medical sterilizing equipment. Specialpurpose building and masonry fixings.

Forged bolts, set screws, machinescrews and nuts and special machinedor forged items.




Materials for Stainless Steel Fasteners

From many available grades of stainless steel, two have been chosenfor Stainless Steel Fasteners. Their high corrosion resistance suitspractically every application.

COMPOSITION

Stainless Steel Fasteners are designated after the main constituentsof their alloys:

18-8Stainless steel with 18% chromium, 11% nickel.18-8-2Stainless steel with 18% chromium, 12% nickel, 2,3% molybdenum.

The designation of Stainless Steel Fasteners is therefore brief andeasily understood.

18 = content of chromium8 = content of nickel2 = content of molybdenum

Both steel grades today contain considerably higher amount ofalloying elements than shown on the marking. We maintain, however,the designation for Stainless Steel Fasteners which is well knownsince decades. Table 1 gives the material numbers for specificationsto DIN 17007, the short designations to DIN 17006, as well as theAmerican material numbers to AISI which are widely usedinternationally.

41

Properties

Material Designation

to DIN 17007

Short name to

DIN 17006

Material number to

AISI

Chemical

Composition %

Averages

to DIN 17440

Texture

TABLE 1 - COMPOSITION AND DESIGNATION18-8

Corrosion resistant

Weldable

A 2

X 5 CrNi 1911

(1,4303)

304/305

C 0,07

Cr 18,5

Ni 11,3

(1,4303)

Austenitic

18-8-2

Acid proof

Weldable

A 4

X 10 CrNiMoTi 1810

(1,4571)

316 Ti/316

C 0,10

Cr 17,5

Ni 12

Mo 2,3

Ti

(1,4571)

Austenitic

TENSILE STRENGTH, PROPERTY CLASSES(Hexagon Bolts and nuts)

DIN 267, part 11 comprises all agreements of international standardISO 3506 – 1979. The classification into three property classes hasbeen maintained concerning existing determinations. Requirementswithin the property classes though have partly been altered.

The marking has been changed adequate to the classification ofproperty classes. The last two figures show 1/10 of the minimumtensile strength in N/mm . The elongation is now specified in mm, notin % of the clamping length.

Standard is property class 70.

The mechanical property values of screws 18-8 (A2) and18-8-2 (A4) apply to standardised screws of length up to and inclusive8 x diameters in length under condition of room temperature. Thereis no length limitation for property class 50.

2




M16

126

144

162

Property class 80

0,27

0,56

1,2

2,1

4,9

10,0

TABLE 3

50

70

80

Screws

A2

A4

42

TABLE 2

Grade

Nuts

Property class

M39

M20

M20 M30

M20

Diameter range

500

700

500

800

Tensilestrength

RN/mmmin.

210

450

250

600

Stress at 0,2%permanent strain

RN/mmmin.

0,6 d

0,4 d

0,4 d

0,3 d

Extension

A

mm

min.

Proof load

stress

S

N/mm

500

700

500

800

2m r 20

r2

1

BREAKING TORQUE (Slotted Machine Screws)

At this point again classification in three property classes has beenmade. The breaking torques are fixed on machine screws of threadM 1,6 to M 5. The testing is completed by determination of tensilestrength (minimum values see table 2).

Testing of the stress of 0,2% permanent strain and breaking extensionis being dropped with smaller screws M 1,6 to M 5.

All tensile stress values are varied under condition of testing whole screw relating to nominal tensile stress of the thread.

Minimum breaking torques (T ) for screws up to M 5 (A2 + A4).m

Minimum breaking torques in NmThread

size

M1,6

M2

M2,5

M3

M4

M5

Standard is property class 70.

Property class 50

0,15

0,3

0,6

1,1

2,7

5,5

Property class 70

0,2

0,4

0,9

1,6

3,8

7,8

PERMISSIBLE TORQUES(Hexagon Head Bolts and Set Screws)

The torques are valid for screws DIN 931/933, property class 70 undercondition of room temperature.

Because of the fact, that in practice many different frictions occur,torques for three different coefficients of friction figures were tabulated.

On top of that also other friction figures can occur, so that thosefigures named in table 4 can only be used as approximate values.Before final determination of torques a testing accordingly underpractical conditions is recommended.

Permissible torques for screws 18-8 (A2) and 18-8-2 (A4).

Torques for screws DIN 931/933 up to length inclusive 8 x diameters in length under condition of room temperature,standard property class 70.

TABLE 4Permissible torques in NmFriction

Figure

0,12

0,14

0,16

M5

3,7

4,2

4,7

M6

6,4

7,3

8,2

M8

15,3

17,5

19,6

M10

31

35

39

M12

52

60

67

M14

83

94

106

M18

174

199

225

M20

245

281

316

M22

182

209

236

M24

235

269

304

M27

342

392

443

M30

467

536

605




303

304

305

316

316 Ti

430

410

431

416

43

COMPOSITIONSI.S.O.

Grade

A1

F1

C1

C3

C4

MECHANICAL PROPERTIESSTRENGTH

CLASS

45

50

70

83

TENSILE STRENGTH

N/mm

450

500

700

830

0,2% YIELD STRESS

N/mm

250

250

410

660

2 2

1,4305

1,4301

1,4303

1,4401

1,4571

1,4016

1,4006

1,4057

1,4055

58 M

58 E

58 E

58 J

58 J

60

56 A

57

56 AM

17,0/19,0

17,5/19,0

17,0/19,0

16,5/18,5

16,5/18,5

16,0/18,0

11,5/13,5

15,0/18,0

11,5/13,5

8,0/11,0

8,0/11,0

11,0/13,0

10,0/13,0

10,5/13,5

0,5 max.

1,0 max.

2,0/3,0

1,0 max.

-

-

-

2,25/3,0

2,0/2,5

-

-

-

-

C

Max.

0,12

0,06

0,1

0,07

0,10

0,10

0,09/0,15

0,12/0,2

0,09/0,15

Min

Max.

2,0

2,0

2,0

2,0

2,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,5

Ti = 5 x %C

A.I.S.I D.I.N EN Cr Ni Mo OTHER

I.S.O STRENGTH GRADES FOR STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS

GRADES

AUSTENTIC

FERRITIC

MARTENSITIC

A1

A2

A4

F1

C1

C2

C3

50 - SOFT

70 - COLD WORKED

83 - HIGH STRENGTH

45 - SOFT

60 - COLD WORKED

50 - SOFT

70 - HARDENED & TEMPERED

83 - HARDENED & TEMPERED

A2

A4




44

MATERIALS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Due to the required product rationalization, considerably more fastenersof the steel grades A2 and A4 are used than of any other stainlessgrades. This development will continue in the future. For special

applications, however, fasteners of other high grade alloys are alsorequired. For such applications we process the following materials:

TABLE 5 - MATERIALS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

For extremely corrosive

environments

With Higher requirements for

mechanical strength but less

for corrosion resistance

For high long duration rupture

strength at temperatures above 540 C

For extreme operating conditions

For high ductility in cryogenic

applications

Acid-proof steels with even higher

contents of Chronium, Nickel and Molybdenum

Chromium steels with 13% or 17%

Chromium

High temperature steels

Titanium, Hastelloy, Monel, Inconel,

Nimonic and similar super alloys

Cold ductile steels

Both at the steel works and for fastener manufacture, certain minimum economic quantities are required. It is therefore recommended

to limit the use of fasteners in these special alloys to real necessity.

LONG TERM RUPTURE STRENGTH

The values in tables 2 and 3 were determined in short time tests.Such tests are adequate for most applications. In many cases, however,connected parts are for extended periods under mechanical stress.In these cases the long term rupture strength can be imported.

Long term rupture strength determines the resistance against creepand relaxation (reduction of the initial tension of fasteners due tocreep of the steel). Stainless steel fasteners show considerably lowercreep at high stress than normal steel fastener grades 4.6 and 5.6.

To avoid creeping under permanent stress, fasteners have to bediminished so that the technical elasticity limit is not exceeded (stressof 0,001% permanent strain). Therefore for the building industry 30%of the stress of 0.2% permanent strain shown in table 2 is spelled.For other applications 0,01% limit can be taken as 50% of the stressof 0,2% permanent strain. For accurate calculations a special testmay be required.

TABLE 6 - YIELD POINT AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURESC

% min

YIELD STRENGTH AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

Stainless Steel Fasteners 18-8 (A2) and 18-8-2 (A4) are used ascorrosion resistant and high temperature fasteners up to + 400 C. Table6 gives percentages of the stress of 0,2% permanent strain, given intable 2 for property class 2 which must be exceeded at the show elevated

temperatures. Fasteners of grade A4 , which contain the alloyingelement Molybdenum have a higher yield point at elevated temperaturethan fasteners of grade A2.

100

85

200

80

300

75

400

70




UK

BS

-

304 S16

305 S19

321 S12

316 S16

320 S17

Sweden

SIS

-

2333

-

2337

2343

(2343)

USSR

Gost

-

08 CH 18 N 10

06 CH 18 N 11

12 CH 18 N 10 T

08 CH 17 N 12 M 2

10 CH 17 N 13 M 2 T

France

Afnor

-

Z 6 CN 18-10

-

Z 10 CN T 1810

Z 6 CND 18-12

Z 10 CND T 18-12

May stainless steel fasteners be safely connected with other materials?The following sections discuss some examples of such combinations

Aluminium

In the building industry stainless steel fasteners are frequently combinedwith aluminium alloys, because perfect appearance is maintained evenafter many years of exposure to industrial atmosphere and theconnections can easily be opened. These connections do not exhibitcontact corrosion because the surface of the aluminium alloy is coveredwith an electrochemically insulating layer of aluminium oxide.

Steel

Combining stainless steel fasteners with normal steel necessitatesperfect protection of the adjacent steel surfaces. A zinc plating forexample has to be free of pinholes. The same applies to all other layersof surface protection. Also, where machine parts of cast iron areconnected, whenever corrosion threatens the surface of the cast ironhas to be protected.

45

Copper and brass

Contact corrosion is not found when surface of the fasteners is smallcompared with the surrounding surface. Additional protection is,however, recommended.

Timber

Stainless steel fasteners do not corrode as long as the timber isinternally dry and only the surface becomes wet. Complete and extendedsoaking of the timber may cause crevice corrosion. Even under theseconditions stainless steel fasteners endure many times longer thanfasteners of non-alloyed steel.

Plastic

As with timber, corrosion depends on the local conditions. The use ofwashers of polyamide or PVC may, under certain condition, causecrevice corrosion. For example, in humid atmospheres or chlorinatedwater. These washers are therefore only recommended when exposureto humidity in infrequent. Plastic is easily deformed mechanically andtherefore tends to creep even at room temperature.

Stainless Steel Fasteners in ContactWith Other Materials

Exposure to different kinds of corrosive media which lead to rusting anddestruction requires the choice of the correct grade of stainless steel.There are ample possibilities for attack by humidity, water, industrialatmosphere, exhaust gas, soot, dust, maritime atmosphere, fog, rain,acids and alkalis which all may exist in isolation or combination. Fastenersused in lighting equipment on a coastal road are exposed to differentkinds of attack to those in a dish washer. But all requirements (with theexception of a very few exceptional conditions) are covered with oneof stainless steel grades 18-8 (A2) or 18-8-2 (A4).

Which steel for which exposure?

Weather

Atmospheric attack is frequently stronger than expected. Contaminationsand chemical attack contribute in most cases. Fasteners of low alloyedsteels are insufficiently rust proof. Four outdoor connections, stainlesssteel fasteners 18-8 (A2) are therefore recommended.

Humidity, Water

For domestic appliances, refrigerators, kitchen installations etc., fasteners18-8 (A2) are to be used. The rather irregular shape of fasteners is

prone to crevice corrosion, necessitating the use of stainless steel,more than the large and smooth surfaces of sinks, washing machinesand cases. For exposure to water and humidity in industrial application,stainless steel fasteners 18-8 (A2) are normally used.

This also applies to electrotechnical applications, paper mills or hydraulicengineering (locks, weirs, sluice gates). In particularly aggressiveconditions, for example exposure to sea or harbour water, stainlesssteel fasteners 18-8-2 (A4) are recommended.

Acids, alkalis

For many applications the steel 18-8 (A2) is sufficient, for dairies,breweries, filter plants, food- and chemical solutions, pharmaceuticalindustry, chemical cleaning, laboraties, photographic industry, soap-and washing powder industry and many other applications in thechemical industry.

For more aggressive media fasteners 18-8-2 (A4) need to be used.

A careful examination under operating conditions is frequently required.We wil l be pleased to help with advice and samples.

Data for Choosing 18-8 (A2)18-8-2 (A4) Stainless Steel Fasteners

TABLE 8

National Standards Comparison for Stainless Steel

Germany

No. according

to DIN 17440

1.4305

1.4301

1.4303

1.4541

1.4401

1.4571

Grade

ISO 3506

A1

A2

A4

Stainless Steel

Fastener

-

18-8

18-8-2

Italy

UNI

-

X 6 CN 1911

-

X 8 CN T 1810

X 8 CND 1712

X 8 CND T 1712

USA

AISA

(303 Se)

304

305

321

316

316 Ti




Thread Size Comparison

Major Dia.

UNIFIED INCH PROD. B.S. INCH PRODUCTS

T.P.I. T.P.I.Size

M1.6

M2.0

M2.5

M3

M4

M5

M6

M8

M10

M12

M14

M18

M20

M24

M30

M36

M42

METRIC PRODUCTS

mm

1.60

2.00

2.50

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

18.00

20.00

24.00

30.00

36.00

42.00

Inch

.063

.079

.098

.118

.157

.197

.236

.315

.394

.472

.551

.630

.787

.945

1.181

1.417

1.654

ThreadPitch

mm

.35

.4

.45

.5

.7

.8

1.0

1.25

1.5

1.75

2.0

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

T.P.I.

73

64

56

51

36

32

25

20

17

14.5

12.5

12.5

10

8.5

7.3

6.4

5.6

Size

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

1/4

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

1-1/8

1-1/4

1-1/2

UNC

-

-

56

48

40

40

32

32

24

20

18

16

14

13

11

10

9

8

7

7

6

UNF

80

72

64

56

48

44

40

36

32

28

24

24

20

20

18

16

14

12

12

12

12

MajorDia.

Inch

0.60

.073

0.86

.099

.112

.125

.138

.164

.190

.250

.313

.375

.438

.500

.625

.750

.875

1.000

1.125

1.250

1.500

Size

8BA

6BA

1/8

5BA

4BA

3BA

3/16

2BA

1BA

1/4

OBA

5/16

3/8

7/16

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1

1-1/8

1-1/4

1-1/2

BSW

6BA

40

24

20

18

16

14

12

11

10

9

8

7

7

6

BSF

32

26

22

20

18

16

14

12

11

10

9

9

8

MajorDia.

Inch

.125

.187

.250

.313

.375

.438

.500

.625

.750

.875

1.000

1.125

1.250

1.500

T.P.I.

BA

59.1

47.9

43.1

38.5

34.8

31.3

28.2

25.4

MajorDia.

Inch

.087

.110

.126

.142

.161

.185

.209

.236




Rockwell - Brinell - Tensile Conversion

Rockwell“C”

scale

approx tensile strength

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

49

48

47

46

45

44

43

42

41

40

39

38

37

36

35

Brinellhardnessnumber MPa KSI

654

634

615

595

577

560

543

524

512

500

488

476

464

453

442

430

419

408

398

387

377

367

357

347

337

327

(2320)

(2260)

(2200)

(2140)

(2080)

(2010)

(1950)

(1890)

(1830)

(1770)

(1720)

(1660)

(1610)

(1550)

1510

1460

1420

1380

1340

1300

1250

1210

1170

1140

1110

1070

(336)

(328)

(319)

(310)

(301)

(292)

(283)

(274)

(265)

(257)

(249)

(241)

(233)

(225)

219

212

206

200

194

188

181

176

170

165

160

155

Rockwell“C”

scale

approx tensile strength

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

(19)

(18)

(17)

(16)

(15)

(14)

(13)

(12)

(11)

(10)

(8)

Brinellhardnessnumber MPa KSI

100

99

98

97

96

95

94

93

92

90

Rockwell“B”

scale

318

309

301

294

285

279

272

265

259

253

247

241

235

230

225

220

215

210

206

201

197

193

190

186

183

179

1030

1010

980

960

940

910

890

870

850

830

810

790

770

760

740

720

710

700

690

680

670

660

640

630

620

600

150

147

142

139

136

132

129

126

123

120

118

115

112

110

107

104

103

102

100

99

97

96

93

91

90

87

Values in ( ) are beyond the normal range and are given for information only.

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

INTERNATIONALLY USED FASTENER STRENGTH GRADES

Megapascals ISO Metric Grade

12.9

10.9

8.8

6.8

4.6

S.A.E. Grade Relevant Inch DIA range

8 (1030)

5 (830)

5 (720)

2 (510)

2 (410)

All diameters

“ through 1”

over 1”

“ through “

over “

/41

/41 /4

3

/43

Documents

bolts TechnicalData.pdf