Bologna and the origins of University

Wednesday 6/25, 9 a.m. – 11 a.m.

From Bologna to the Blogosphere.A History of Written Correspondence’ Summer School

June 23rd - July 4th, 2014

Francesca Roversi Monaco

Docta suas secum duxit Bononia leges

Docta Bononia venit et hoc cum legibus una(1119-1127)

Docta Bononia came with its laws

529-534 – CORPUS IURIS CIVILISEmperor Justinian I

Ravenna, San Vitale Basilica

11th century

The urban societies required juridical models which had to frame the new political, social and economic relationships indeed, since those connections were rebuilding the arrangement of the city and its own connections with the territory.

1072-1105

Pepo clarum Bononiensium lumen

(Pepus, famous bolognese light)

Irnerius lucerna iuris

(Irnerius light of the law)

Matilda of Tuscany

Burcardo di Biberach, Chronicle (1177-1230)

• According to Burcardo, Irnerius would have been the author of a renovation of the legal books for the asking (petitio) of Matilda of Tuscany.

• Petitio: exhortation to rebuild the libri legales from a philological point of view.

• From the beginning of 12th century the Bolognese magistri have been considered the depositaries of the Roman law in the eyes of the world.

• So it was confirmed the existence of a private school of Roman jurisprudence between the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th centuries.

Bulgarus & Imelda

Rem non novam neque insolita adgredimur

Let’s deal with something that is not new nor unusual

GratianusConcordia discordantium Canonum

(1148-1160 ca)

Authentica Habita – 1155 – Frederick I Barbarossa

AUTHENTICA HABITA

• Immunity from the exercise of the right of reprisal.

• Immunities and freedoms similar to the ones of the clergy.

•Possibility for students of being judged optionally by their own teachers or

from the ecclesiastical court of their own bishop.

•Right to the peregrination academica, which was the freedom of establishing

in every university for reasons of study.

CLERICI VAGANTES

Lifetime in Bologna 12th-14th centuries

13 th Century – Magister and scholari

STUDENT ORGANIZATION 12-14 th centuries

•12 th century CONSORTIA→ associations among students

COMITIVA association among professor and his students

•1180 NATIONES → students who belonged to the same region

•13 th century UNIVERSITATES → association of foreign students crossing the Nationes

UNIVERSITAS CITRAMONTANORUM → Nationes of those who were born further on from the Alps

UNIVERSITAS ULTRAMONTANORUM → Nationes beyond the Alps

Natio Germanica Bononiae German Natio in Bologna

(1497)

• Tentamen →private oral exam between the candidate and a doctor he had chosen.

• Privatum examen → in the vestry of the Cathedral the academy board chose a passage that

the student would have discussed. At the end of the examination the candidate was licentiatus

in iure.

• Publicum examen o conventus → in the cathedral after the preaching and the discussion; the

archdeacon gave the ring, the toga and the hat to the candidate, who in this way had become a

doctor iuris; the ceremony was followed by celebrations, drinks and songs.

• 1316 UNIVERSITATES OF MEDICINES AND ARTS

• 1346 FACULTY OF THEOLOGY

• 1364 COLLEGIO DI SPAGNA

14th CENTURY

STUDIUM FUIT BONONIE

Giovanni Capellini

Corrado Ricci

Giosue Carducci

Cesare Albicini1886

1888

June 12th 1888 Courtyard of the Archiginnasio

VIII Centenary Alma Mater Studiorum

Piazza Maggiore, September 18 th 1988

IThe University is an autonomous institution at the heart of societies differently organised because of goegraphical and historical heritage; it produces, examines, appraises and hands down culture by research and teaching. To meet the needs of the world around it, its research and teaching must be morally and intellectually independent of all political authority and economic power.