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of the Hlstory of ComputlngVolume 33 Number 4 October-December 2011 http://www.computer.org

Cybernetics

IEEE

+IEEE ~comp~J~fety

-

i

Departments

56 Anecdotesfulian Feldman

Computersand Thought- The Back StoryMichaelAldrich

Online Shopping in the 1980s

62 InterviewsDavid Walden, EditorWard Cunningham

68 Local Area NetworksMichael Geselowitz

Vancouver

70 BiographiesThomas HaighCharles W. Bachman: Database Software Pioneer

81 Reviewsfeffrey R. Yost and Atsushi Akera, Editors

84 Events and SightingsChigusa Kita, Editor

SOth Anniversary oí MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing SystemObituary: Jean Carteron

88 Think PieceNathan Ensmenger

From Computer Celebrities to Historical Biography

Computer Society Information, p. 37

The Annals Annual Index for 2011 is available onlh)e atwww.computer.org/annals/llindex.

All fuII-length artídes published in this joumal are peerreviewed.

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Publishedbythe IEEEComputerSocietyhttp://www.computer.org/micro................................................................................................................

November/Oecember2011 Volume 31 Number 6

Features

4 Guest Editors' Introduction: Cool ChipsMakoto Ikeda and Fumio Arakawa

6 Cool Mega-Arrays: Ultralow-PowerReconfigurable Accelerator ChipsNobuaki Ozaki, Yoshihiro Yasuda, Yoshiki Saito,

Daisuke Ikebuchi, Masayuki Kimura, Hideharu Amano,Hiroshi Nakamura, Kimiyoshi Usami, Mitaro Namiki,and Masaaki Kondo

19 High-Throughput, Low-Power Software-DefinedRadio Using Reconfigurable Processors

Tomoya Suzuki, Hideki Yamada, Toshiyuki Yamagishi,Daisuke Takeda, Koji Horisaki, Toshio Fujisawa,Yasuo Unekawa, Tom Vander Aa, andLiesbet Van der Perre

29 Loop-Directed Mothballing: Power GatingExecution Units Using Runtime Loop AnalysisCraigA. Court and Paul HJ Kelly

39 Peach: A Multicore Communication Systemon Chip with PCI ExpressSugako Otani, Hiroyuki Kondo, Itarit Nonomura,ToshihiroHanawa, Shin 'ichiMiura, and Taisuke Boku

51 Advanced Camera Technolo.gTesfor BroadcastingHiroshi Shimamoto, Takayuki Yamashita,Misao Kubota,and HirotakaMaruyama .

Departments2 From the Editor in Chief

New Blood, Cool Chips, and Heterogeneous Designs

58 ProlegomenaAre Field-Programmable Gate Arrays Ready for the Mainsrream?

64 Micro EconomicsSteve Jobs and the Economics of One Enrrepreneur

Compurer Socieey Information, p.Adverrising/Product Index, p. 57

2011 Annual Index: http://www.compurer.org/micro/llindex

l

Cover artwork by Peter Nagypeternagy@earthlink.net

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NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2011VOLUME9, NUMBER6

IEEE

FeaturesLivingwith Insecurity

12 Guest Editors'IntroductionWILlIAM ARBAUGHAND DEBORAHA. FRINCKE

14

11

20

Security Dilemma:Healthcare Clinicians at Work

ROSAR.HECKLE

Clinicians make unconscious decisions to comply

with security measures or to live with a certain

level of insecurity to get their job done.

Security RiskManagementUsing IncentivesDEBINLIU,NINGHUILI, XIAOFENGWANG,ANDL. JEANCAMP

An incentive-based access control uses a reward

mechanism to help organizations manage

risky access behaviors and prevent inadvertent

insider threat.

29 Helping Users Deal with Digital Threats:

The Online User Supervision Archi!ectureANTONIOMANUEL FERNÁNDEZVILLAMOR

ANDJUANC. YELMO

Oversee,an onlineusersupervisionarchitecture,lets Internet servicesstipulate that userscomply

with a seriesof requirements or be accompanied

by a qualified supervisor.

PRIVACY

collaborativeintrusiondetectionsystems.

A robustapproachto computingattackstatisticscan helpcounterthis threat.

43 Operations with Degraded SecuritySIMSONL. GARFINKEL AND GEORGE DINOLT

lfsing theResiliNetsmodel,the authorsdiscussfivestrategiesfor operatingin a degraded

securityenvironment.

36 Securing Collaborative IntrusionDetection SystemsSTEVENCHEUNG

Statistic-poisoningattacksinject incorrectsecuritysensorreportsinto the repositoryof

49 Securing Database as a Service:Issues and CompromisesJOELWEISAND JIMALVES-Foss

Oatabaseasa servicehasseveralmajor issues

and concerns,suchasdata security,trust,

expectations,regulations,andperformanceissues.Proposedsolutionsinc/uderiskmanagementand authenticity techniques.

I

I

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IPostmaster: Send undelivered copies and address changes to IEEESecurity& Privocy,Membership Processing Dept., IEEEService (enter, 445 Hoes lane, Pisca-taway, NJ08854-4141. Periodicals postage rate paid at New York,NY,and at additional mailing offices. Canadian GST#125634188. Canada Post PublicationsMailAgreement Number 40013885. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to PO Box 122. Niagara Falls,ON l2E 6S8. Printed in the USA.Clrculation: IEEESecurity& Privacy(ISSN1540-7993) is published bimonthly by the IEEEComputer Sodety.IEEE Headquarters, Three ParkAve., 17th Floor. New York,NY10016-5997; IEEEComputer Sodety Publications Office, 10662 los Vaqueros Cirele. los Alamitos, CA 90720-1314, phone +1 714821 8380; IEEEComputer SocietyHeadquarters, 2001 l St., Ste. 700. Washington, D.C. 20036. Subscrlption rates: IEEEComputer Sodety members get the lowest rates and choice 01media.option-S31/61/965 USmemberlsister society/nonmember institutional print + online. Go to www.computer.org/subscribe to arder and for more informationon other subscription prices. Backissues: S20 for members and $161 for nonmembers.IEEE Security&Privacyiscopublished by the IEEEComputer and ReliabilitySocieties. For more information on computing topies, visifthe Computer Society Digital Libraryat www.eomputer.org/esdl.

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NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2011

BIG DATA

1O Guest Editors' IntroductionFrancis J.Alexander, Adolfy Hoisie, and Alexander Szalay

14 Data-Intensive Science in the Department of Energy: Case Studiesand Future ChallengesJames P.Ahrens, Bruce Hendrickson, Gabrielle Long, Steve Miller, Robert Ross,and Dean Williams

Given its leading role in high-performance computing for modeling and simulationand its many experimental facilities, the US Department of Energy has a tremendousneed for data-intensive science. Locating the challenges and commonalities amongthree case studies illuminates, in detail, the technical challenges involved in realizingdata-intensive science.

25 Data-Intensive Scalable Computing for Scientific ApplicationsRandal E. BryantIncreasingly, scientific computing applications must accumulate and manage massivedatasets, as well as perform sophisticated computations over these data. Suchapplications call for data-intensive scalable computer (DISC) systems, which differ infundamental ways from existing high-performance computing systems.

Extreme Data-Intensive Scientific ComputingAlexander S. SzalayScientific computing increasingly involves massive data; in astronomy, observationsand numerical simulations are o,nthe verge of generating petabytes. This new, data-centric computing requires a new look at computing architectures and strategies.Using Amdahl's law to characterize architectures and workloads, it's possible to useexisting commodity parts to build systems that approach an ideal Am.dahl machine.

AL SO IN THIS ISSUE'

42 Massively Parallel Neural Signal Processing on a Many-Core PlatformDanChen, LizheWang, GaoxiangOuyang, and XiaoliLi .

Although the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)methorl and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) offer an unrivaled opportunity to understand neural signals,the EEMDalgorithm's complexity and neural signals' massive size have hamperedEEMDapplication.However,a new approach using a many-coreplatformhas provenboth efficient and effective for massively parallel neural signal processing.

52 Visualizing 3D Earthquake Simulation DataCheng-Kai Chen, Chris Ho, Carlos Correa, Kwan-LiuMa, and Ahmed ElgamalAs exemplified in a state-of-the-art bridge-foundation-ground model simulation,a suite of new visualization techniques lets scientists study seismic waves andinteractively investigate and explore their data. In so doing, the techniques furtherscientific understanding and thus facilitate the development of new methods toprotect real-world infrastructures against otherwise devastating earthquakes.

For more information on these and other computing topies, please visit the IEEEComputer

Society Digital Library at www.computer.org/publications/dlib/.

November/December 2011

Vol.13, No. 6

+IEEEAIPdio......

Cover iIIustration: Giacomo Marchesi

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STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

Computing in Science &

Engineering aims to support and

promote the emerging discipline

of computational science and

engineering and to foster the use

of computers and computational

techniques in scientific

research and education. Every

issue contains broad-interest

theme articles, departments,

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comment. Collateral materials

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IEEE NOVEMBER/DECEMBER2011.

SIof Computers

http://www.computer.org/dt

'íJ' ~:~'I '/II:t:1t (II:/:I;¡' '#'-41¡ fl

Specia'llss~e on

Flexible Electronics,-

·Materials,Processing,andTestingof FlexibleIrnageSensorArray~~'· PlacernentOptirnizationof FlexibleTFTDigitalCircuits Í:~'

· Poweringthe Future:OrganicSolarCellswith PolyrnerEnergyStolge·AdaptiveTesting:Dealingwith ProéessVariability

" ..~.

~ IEEE ~~computer ~

soclety .,CASIEEE CIRCUlTSNfO S STEM$SOCIET'l'

Special Issue

6 Guest Editors' Introduction:A Promising Alternative

to Conventional SiliconJiun-Lang Huang and Kwang-7ing(Tim) ChengCopubllshed by the

IEEEComputer Society

and the IEEEClrcults and

Systems Society

16

24

32

8 RObust Circuit Designfor Flexible Electronics

Tsung-Ching Huang, Jiun-Lang Huang,and Kwang-7ing (Tim) Cheng

M aterials, Processing,and Testing of Flexible

Image Sensor ArraysWilliam S. Wong, Tse Nga Ng, SanjivSambandan, and Michael L. Chabinyc

P lacement Optimizationof Flexible TFT Digital

CircuitsChesterLiu, En-HuaMa, Wen-En Wei,James ChieQ-Mo Li, I-Chun Cheng,and Yung-Hui Yeh

P owering the Future:Organlc Solar Cells

with Polymer Energy StorageYindar Chuo, Badr Omrane,

Clint Landrock, Jeydmer Aristizabal,

Donna Hohertz, Sasan V. Grayli,and Bozena Kaminska

NovemberlDecember 2011Volume 28 Number 6

http://www .compiJter .org/dt

Other Features

41

50

58

66

76

A daptive Testing: Dealingwith Process Variability

Peter Maxwell

P Ulsed.Latch Circuits:A New Dimension in

ASIC DesignYoungsoo Shin and Seungwhun Paik

Long.Term Thermal

Overstressing of ComputersKirk A. Grayand MichaelPecht

RePlacing Error VectorMagnitude Test with

RF and Analog BISTsDalias L. Webster,Rick Hudgens,and Donald YC Lie

RF Front.End Test UsingBuilt.in Sensors

Louay Abdallah, Haralampos..c.

Stratigopoulos, Salvador Mir,

and Christophe Kelma

ISSN0740-7475

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2011

Toward DigitalAsset Protection

Al and Sustainability

Smart Market and Money

PUTTING Al INTO PRACTICE

SOCIALandECONOMICCOMPUTING

. IEEE~computer

soclety> www.computer.org/intelligent.'

[

IEEEInteliigent Systems provides peer-reviewed,

cutting-edge articles on the theory and application of systems

that perceive, reason, learn, and act intelligently. ]

SocialandEconomicComputing

1922

3140

48

58

Guest Editors' IntroductionWenji Mao, Alexander Tuzhilin. and Jonathan Gratch

Stealing Reality: When Criminals Become Data Scientists(or Vice Versa)YanivAltshuler, Nadav Aharony. Alex Pentland, Yuval Elovici,and Manuel Cebrian

ClickFraud and the Adverse Effects of CompetitionXiarong U, Daniel D.Zeng, Yong Uu. and Yanwu Yang

Bridging the Gap: Face-to-Face Negotiationswith an Automated MediatorRaz Un, Yehoshua Gev, and Sarit Kraus

From Causal Scenarios to Social Causality:An Attributional ApproachWenji Mao, Ansheng Ge. and Xi~ocheri U

Persona lity, Emotion, and Mood in Agent-Based GroupDecision MakingRicardo Santos, Goreti Marreiros, Carlos Ramos, José Neves, an.dJosé Bulas-Cruz

Postmaster: Send undeliveredcopies and address the first page of the copy,and 3) does not implyIEEEchanges to IEEEIntelligent Systems. Membership endorsementof anythird-partyproductsor services.ProcessingDept., IEEEServiceCenter,445Hoeslane, Authorsandtheircompaniesare permittedto postthePiscataway, NJ 08854-4141. Periodicals Postage accepted version of IEEE-copyrightedmaterial on theirPaid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing ownWebserverswithoutpermission, providedthattheoffices. Canadian G5T #125634188. Cana da Post IEEEcopyright notice and a full citation to the originalPublications Mail Agreement Number 40013885. work appear on the first screen of the posted copy.Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to 4960-2 An accepted manuscript is a version that hasWalker Rd.,Windsor, ON N9A6J3. Printed in the USA. be en revised by the author to incorporate reviewReuseRigltts and Rellrint Permissions: Educational suggestions but not the published version with

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WhatWeCanLearn

from SteveJobs,0.16--C~rageous ...Cori1pt1ting,p.12

+IEEE IEEEter~comp~oclety

www.computer.org/itpro

IN THIS ISSUE

14Guest Editors'Introduction

IT Educationfor Practitioners

Jay Liebowitzand William W.Agresti

16E-Leaming for ITProfessionals:TheUMUC ExperienceAlan D. Carswell

and Irena Bojanova

IT is rapidly evolving, andIT professionals mustcontinuously upgradetheir skills to remain cur-rent. E-learning can helpby providing continuingeducation in a convenientmanner, as evidenced byacademic programs at theUniversity of MarylandUniversity College.

22Challenging theTraditional GraduateInformation SystemsProgramJohn Baker Sr.

How do you make agraduate program morerelevant? Develop aproject-based capstonecourse that combinestheoretical knowledge withpractical application tooffer students-even thoseenrolled only part-time-a more comprehensive,integrated experience.

28The Promise of IT:Educating the FederalGovernmentSusan Camarena

IT has a key role toplay in governmentfunctions, especiallygiven the Open Gov-ernment Initiative inthe US and its focuson transparency. Whatrole can education playin helping the federalgovernment better lever-age IT?

The Technologist'sToolSet: A CIO'sPerspectiveMichael B. Koval

The CIO of a nation-wide real estate companydiscusses the skill set ITprofessionals will needto succeed in the yearsahead. The technologywill change, but analyti-cal, communication,and project manage-ment skills will remainessential.

November/Decemoer 2011-- -

40ManagingRequirements Risksin ITProjectsLars Mathiassen

and Tuure Tuunanen

IT professionals mustnavigate an increasinglycomplex requirementslandscape. Presented hereis a process for identifying,analyzing, and mitigat-ing requirements risksthroughout the projectlife cycle.The authorsillustrate its use in acase study for a mobilepresence service.

InformationIntegration forFacility ManagementCiro O'Urso

The administration of aparliamentary institutionimplemented a Computer-Aided FacilityManage-ment system to bettermanage the institution'sreal estate. The state-of-the-art CAFM systemintegrates graphical andalphanumerical data formore efficient propertymanagement.

COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS

4 From the Editors

The Next Big ThingThomas Jepsen

6 SpotlightWhat We Can Leam from Steve Jobs

San Murugesan

9 PerspectivesMobile-App Addiction:Threat to Security?George Hur/burt, Jeffrey Voas, and Keith W. Mil/er

12IT Ethics

Courageous ComputingKeith W. Mil/er

54 Insecure IT

Role Engineering: Methods and StandardsEdward J. Coyne, Timothy R. Wei/, and Rick Kuhn

58Smart IT

Business Process Managementand the Social WebNuno Pereira, Oavid Vera, and H. Gi/bert Mil/er

60 IT in Emerging MarketsCloud Computing Gives EmergingMarkets a LiftSan Murugesan

64 CIO Comer

Specialists or Generalists?Tom Costello

26 IEEECS Information

62 Advertiser Index

~~~i~" Cal! for Papers: Mobile and WirelessCover Technologies and Applications

2011 Annuallndex: www.computer.org/itpro/11 index

Onthe Web: computer.org/itproFor more information on eomputing topies, visit the ComputerSociety Digital Library at www.eomputer.org/csdl.

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IEEE

MultiMediaOctober-December 2011 Vol. 18, No. 4

Published by the IEEEComputer Societyin cooperation with the IEEECommunications Society

and IEEESignal Processing Society

Feature Articles

Personalized Coverage of LargeAthletic EventsCharalampos Z. Patrikakis, Nikolaos Papaoulakis,Panagiotis Papageorgiou, Aristodemos Pnevmatikakis,Paul Chippendale, Mário S. Nunes, Rui Santos Cruz,Stefan Poslad, and Zhenchen WangThis article presents a platform that lets users direct theirown coverage of large athletic events, letting them set uptheir own virtual director and orchestrate event viewingaccording to their preferences.

You Can Judge an Artist by an Album Cover:Using Images for Music AnnotationJanis Lrbeks and Douglas Turnbul/A computer-vision system predicts music genre tags bymaking use of content-based image analysis, suggestingthat we can learn some notion of artists' similarity onthe basis of visual appearance alone.

Augmenting Live Broadcast Sports with3D Tracking InformationRickCaval/aro,Maria Hybinette, Marvin White,and Tucker Ba/ch

Techniques that enhance television sports broadcastsuse algorithms for tracking objects, such as the ball, tocreate informative, graphical visualizations ,embeddedinto the broadcast image.

Architectures and Technologies for AdaptingSecured Content in Governed MultimediaApplicationsAnna Carreras,EvaRodrtguez,JaimeDelgado,SafakDogan, Hemantha KodikaraArachchi,Ahmet M. Kondoz,and Xavier Perramon

This article analyzes existing initiatives and proposesnew technologies for the governed adaptations ofsecured content in heterogeneous environments. Thesetechnologies are integrated into an architecture for thesecure management of multimedia contento

http://www.computer.org/multimedia

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ABDUTTHISISSUE

T he cover features in this theme issue explore the

impact of computing on modern-day cultural expe-riences. The examples of this convergence of technology

and art include an interdisciplinary university course that

introduces art majors to computing and science and engi-

neering majors to the arts, a system that adapts the virtualworld for theatrical performances, and a project that

applies cultural analytics to large-scale collaborative dis- '" (¡I 81playenvironments.

COVERFEATURES

25 1\vo Approaches to Inter-disciplinary Computing+MusicCoursesJesse M. Heines,GenaR.Greher,5.AlexRuthmann, and Brendan L. Reilly

The developers of a university curriculumdesigned to bridge the gaps between the twodisciplines have found that there are numerousways to introduce arts majors to computing,and science and engineering majors to the arts.

33 Adapting a Virtual World forTheatrical PerformanceJoe Geigel, Marla 5chweppe,'David Huynh,and Brian Johnstone

Virtual reality technology now makes it

possible to completely re~lrzetheatricalperformances in a virtual space, but existingvirtual world interfaces are too cumbersol1)e forthis purpose. Researchers are working todevelop virtual theatre systems with morenatural and intuitive interfaces.

39 Cultural Analytics inLarge-Scale VisualizationEnvironments50 Yamaoka, Lev Manovich, Jeremy

Douglass, and Falko KuesterResearchers can use a large-scale collaborativedigital workspace combined with visualanalysis techniques to progressively developand refine hypotheses to apply in gaining newinsights into large, digital image collections,

PERSPECTIVES

49 Back to Thin-Core MassivelyParallel ProcessorsAmi Marowka

Examination ofthe innovations ofthe past three

decades that brought chips to the point at whichmany-core processors are possible reveals thatthere are multiple roads ahead, and each isfullofchallenges.

COMPUTINGPRACTICES

55 Rural Outsourcing: DeliveringITO and BPOServices fromRemote Domestic LocationsMaryLacity,Erran(armel,and Joseph RottmanIT and business process outsourcing providers are

building delivery centers in remote domesticlocations for several reasons, including to access amore stable, lower-cost workforce and to fulfill

, social missions such as employing under-

. privilegedor minority populations.

RESEARCHFEATURE

63 Discovering City Dynamicsthrough Sports TrackingApplicationsLaura Ferrari and Marco Mamei

Researcherscan use kernel density estimation toanalyze spatiotemporal data from mobiledevices to uncover human mobility patterns inurban spaces. Such analysis can support variousapplications ranging from location-basedservices to urban planning.

For more information on eomputing topies, visit the Computer Society Digital Library at www,eomputer.org!esdl.

IEEEComputer Society: http://computer.org

Computer: http://computer.org/computer

computer@computer.org

IEEEComputer Society Publications Office: +1 714821 8380

Flagship Publica tia n af the IEEECamputer Saciety

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12 The Known WorldUnchartedTerritoryDavid Alan Grier

15 32 & 16 Years AgoComputer,December1979and 1995Neville Holmes 81 Education

Is Computer Science a Relevant Academic Disciplinefor the 21st Century?

Douglas Baldwin

84 Invisible ComputingPossessedHand:Controlling Hand Movementswith Computer OutputEmiTamakiand Jun Rekimoto

NEWS17 Technology News

Internet Security under Attack: TheUndermining of Digital CertificatesNeal Leavitt

21 News BriefsLee Garber 87 Entertainment Computing

Museumsat Your FingertipsAlexander HiIIsMEMBERSHIPNEWS

8 IEEE Computer SocietyPresident's Message

69 IEEEComputer SocietyReport to Members

71 IEEE Computer SocietyConnection

74 Call and Calendar

90 SecurityAre Password Requirements too Difficult?Kim Schaffer

93 Software TechnologiesThe Promiseand Challengeof RuntimeVariabilityRafaelCapilla and Jan Bosch

COLUMNS

77 Discovery AnalyticsUsing ProcessMining to Bridgethe Gapbetween BIand BPMWiI van der Aalst

116 The ProfessionThe Profession and Digital TechnologyNeville Holmes

OEPARTMENTS46

1196

EIsewhere in the CSLetters

Computer Society Information,Career Opportunities

Reuse Rights and Reprint Permissions: Educational or personal use of this materialis permitted without fee. provided such use: 1) is not made for profit; 2) includesthis notice and a full citation to the original work on the first page of the copy;

and 3) do es not imply IEEE endorsement of any third-party products or services. Authors and theircompanies are permitted to post the accepted version oftheir IEEE-copyrighted material on their ownWeb servers without permission, provided that the IEEE copyright notice and a full citation to theoriginal work appear on the first screen of the posted copy. An accepted manuscript is a version whichhas been revised by the author to incorporate review suggestions, but not the published'version withcopyediting, proofreading and formatting added by IEEE. For more information, please go to: http://www.jeee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/paperversionpolicy.html.

Permission to reprint/republish this material for commercial, advertising, or promotional purposesor for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from tl1e IEEE bywriting to the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights affice, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway. NJ 08854-4141 orpubs-permissions@ieee.org. Copyright e 2011 IEEE. AII rights reserved.

Abstracting and Library Use: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permittedto photocopy for private use of patrons. provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code at the bottom ofthe first page is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923.

IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment. and bullying. For more information, visit www,jeee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.

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RUHAIWANG, ZHIGUOWEI, VIVEK DAVE,BIN REN,QINYU ZHANG, JIA Hou, AND lIUlEI ZHOU

18A QUEUEING-THEORETICALFRAMEWORKFORQOS-ENHANCED SPECTRUMMANAGEMENT IN

COGNITIVERADIO NETWORKSlI-CHUNWANG, CHUNG-WEIWANG, AND KAI-TENFENG

28ENERGY-EFFICIENTWIRELESS

COMMUNICATIONS:TUTORIAL,SURVEY,ANDOPEN ISSUES

GEOFFREYYE lI, ZHIKUNXu, CONG XIONG, CHENYANGYANG, SHUNQINGZHANG, YAN CHEN, AND SHUGONGXu

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Cover image: Getty Images

IEEE Wireless Communications .December 2011

IEEE Antennas &Propagation

. @ +IEEE MagazineVolume 53, No. 5, October 2011 www.ieeeaps.org (ISSN 1045-9243)

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Table of ContentsFeature Articles

RFID System Based on Fully Printable Chipless Tag for Paper-/Plastic-ltem TaggingStevan Preradovic, Sushim M. Roy, and Nemai C. Karrnakar 15

An Electrically Small Multi-Frequency Genetic Antenna Immersed in a Dielectric PowderEdward E. Altshuler and TerryH. O'Donnell 33

Broadband Proximity-Fed Modified Rectangular Microstrip AntennasAmit A. Deshmukh and K. P. Ray 41

On the Array Performance of Printed, Ultra-Wideband "Eared" AntennasF. Muge Tanyer-Tigrek, loan E. Lager, and Leonardus P. Ligthart 57

Circularly Polarized Reconfigurable Crossed-Yagi Patch AntennaXue-Song Yang, Bing-Zhong Wang, Sai Ho Yeung, Quan Xue, and Kim Fung Man 65

Time-Domain Far-Field Analysis of Radiation SourcesE. K. Mil/er 81

Resonant Behavior of Radlo-Transmission Loss Due to Periodic Building StructuresMing Yang,Anthony K. Brown, and Stavros Stavrou 98

Also in'this IssueChange of Address 32Correetion 40In Memoriam: Robert Gordon Kouyoumjian 112Report on 2010 UWBISIS 192Report on 2011 IEAA Conference 211RSEMW 2011 223IEEE iWEM 2011 239Correetion 254DepartmentsEditor's Comments - Stone 8President's Message - Salazar-Palma 8AP-S Chapter News - Shen 108Antenna Designer's Notebook - MiIIigan 115Measurements Comer - Fiseher and LaHaie 126EM Programmer's Notebook - Davidson 136AP-S Tumstile - Bansal 146

Departments (Cont'd)Et Cetera - Akgül 149Meetings and Symposia - Wasky 152Short Courses - Wasky 155Awards and Fellow Committee - Balanis 158Letters to the Editor 162Edueation Column - Kelley 165Hidden Word - Gardiol 183Ethieally Speaking - Haupt 184Intelleetual Property and PatentAbstraets - Henderson 186Wirelees Comer - Rajo-Iglesias 197IEEE-USA ... ... 206Women in Engineering 208AMTA Comer - Sehneider and Kemp 214Historieal Comer - Pelosi 227

Testing Ourselves - Sevgi 243AntennaApplications Comer- Rao and Kralovee 256

Cover: An iIIustration of the EUROBIRDTM2A satellite (courtesy of Space Systems/Loral). See the contributionby H. Fenech, A. Tomatis, D. Serrano, E. Lance, and M. Kalama in the Antenna Applications Corner.

Address editorial correspondence to the Editor-in-Chief, W. Ross Stone, Stoneware Limited, 840 Armada Terraee, San Diego,CA 92106 USA; Tel: +1 (619) 222-1915; Fax: +1 (619) 222-1606; E-mail: r.stone@ieee.org.. ,

The IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (ISSN 1045-9243) is published bimonthly beginning in February of eaeh yearby the Antennas and Propagation Soeiety of tbe Institute of Eleetrieal and Eleetronies Engineers Ine. It is mailed at the end ofthe month of issue. IEEE Headquarters: 445 Hoes Lane, Piseataway NJ 08855-1331 USA, Tel: +1 (800) 678-4333, +1 (732)981-0060; Fax: +1 (732) 981-9667; E-mail: eustomersei-viee@ieee.org. $6.00 per member per year included in Soeiety feesis paid as the subseription priee. The Magazine is the suecessor publieation to the IEEE Antennas and Propagation SocietyNewsletter. The Newsletter carried volume numbers 1 through 31, endihg with December, 1989; the Magazine began withvolume number 32 in 1990.Institutional and non-member subscriptions: Institutions and individuals who are not members ofthe IEEE Antennas and Propagation Soeiety may subscribe to the Magazine: see the current IEEE subseription price list at http://www.ieee.orglpublications_standards/publications/subscriptions/info/subpricelist.html, or contact Customer Service.

Copyright and reprint permissions: Abstraeting is permitted with credit to the souree. Instruetors are permitted to photocopyisolated articles for noneommereial classroom use without fee and with eredit to the souree, in aeeordanee with the "fair use"doetrine of US and intemational copyright laws. Libraries are permitted to photoeopy beyond the limits of the copyright lawfor the private use ofpatrons 1) those post-1977 articles that carry acode at the bottom ofthe first page, provided the per-copyfee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA O1970 USA; and 2)pre-1978 articles without fee. Contaet the Editor-in-Chiefregarding reprinting by other IEEE publieations and other"publications.For all other eopying, reprinting, eonversion into electronically-readable form, or republieation permission, write to Copyrightsand Permissions Department, IEEE Serviee Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piseataway NJ 08855-1331 USA. Copyright @2011TheInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., aeting as agent and trustee for the Antennas and Propagation Society. Allrights reserved. Printed in USA. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Sendaddress changes to Antennas and Propagation Magazine Address Change at the IEEE Serviee Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piseataway,NJ 08855-1331 USA.

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 5, October 2011 3

fIII

IEEEAEROSPACE

andELECTRONIC

December 2011ISSN 0885.8985Volume Twenty SixNumber Twelve

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Editor-ln-Chief - Teresa L. PaceAssociate Editor-in-Chief - Maria GrecoAdministrative Editor - David B. Dobson

Ass 't. Admin.Editor - Susanne J. Walsh

VP Publications - OpenAVP Publications - W. Dale Blair

Tutorials Editor - Lance M KaplanBook Reviews Editor - Darin Dunham

AESS President (2011) - Marina Ruggieri

Associate Editors and Areas of SpecialtyEric Blasch - Recognition, Tracking,

Sensors & Assessments

Tom Bowman - Ground Systems, VisionSystems, Electronics

Shirley Cheng - GuidanceMauro De Sanctis - Space SystemsMaria Greco - Clutter Models, Radar Signal

Processing, Radar SystemsHaiying Liu - Fusion, Image Processing,

TrackingRao Mannepalli - Satellites, Modeling

and Simulation, EnergyIllir Progri - Position, Navigation, Timing

Ralph Teague - Sensors, Electro-Optics,Radar

Peter Willett - Tracking, Fusion,Signal Processing

Haidong Yu - Electronics, Power,Transportation

Contributing EditorsAwards - Erwin C. GanglConferences - Mark E. DavisEducation - Steve E. Watkins

Ethics - OpenHistory - Henry Oman. Ron SchroerStandards - Richard HochbergTechnical Panels - Theodora SaundersWebsite Updates - Judy ScharmannDistinguished Lecturers & Tutorials -

Iram Weinstein

How to Reach Us

We welcome letters; we reserve the rightto edit for space, style, and clarity. lncludeaddress and daytime phone number.E-mail: sjwalsh4@gmai1.comFax: 301/657-0209

Mail: IEEE A&E Systems Magazine,e/o D. Dobson, 5500 Friendship Blvd.,Chevy Chase, MD 20815-7239, USA

Address Cbanges & General InformationTbere is one method for updating your IEEErecords: address, phone/fax numbers, e-mailaddress, etc.). Make on-line changes at:http://www.ieee.org/web/membership/join/update Profile.htmlIEEE Website: http://www.ieee.orgAESS Website: http://www.ieee-aess.orgl

Magazine Deadlines: Material (exceptarticles) must be received by no later than60 days prior to the month of the issue inwhich it is to appear.

Information for publication andcontributions witbin tbe scope oftbe Society are soliclted. Use the web-based submission system at: http://sysaes.msubmit.net. Guidelines may be found onthe banner at the top ofthe submission

., .,,~ ifBr ltf¡fl/lrfí((tftf"~. A'

IEEEAEROSPACE

andELECTRONIC SYSTEMR November2011

ISSN0885-8985... VolumeTwentySlxMAGAZINENumberEleven

In ThisIssue - Technically 2

Columo

. From the Editor-in-Chief - T.Pace'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Articles

. IntegratedManagementofAirportSurfaceand' . . . . . . . . . . . 4Airspace Constraints for Departures:An Operational Sequence

A. Borgman,P.J. Smith,M Evans,R. Beatty,K. Durham,C.Billings,E. Wiley&A. Spencer

. Robust Speech Detection for Noisy Environments . . . . . . . . . . 16O. Varela, R. San-Segundo & L.A. Hernandez

. ONERASARFacilities'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

O.R. du Plessis, J-F. Nouvel,

R. Baqué, G. Bonin, P. Dreuillet,C. Coulombeix & H. Oriot

. UpgradingOpticsTestCapabilitiesfor' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Modero Weapon Systems

L. Parsons & L. Gutterman

Zero Robotics -Teamwork SuccessReported at 2011 IEEE JESC

Insert

News & Ioformatioo

NASA Intemship at Sikorsky Aircraft . . . . . .ARRAY 2010: Phased Array Conference Report

18thStoPetersburg Navigation Conference Report - 2011 .

can for NavigationPapers - 19thStoPetersburg, 2012. . .

DistinguishedLecturers & Tutorials

IEEE AESS SocietyDirectory. . .

IEEE AESS Society Organization .Membership Application. . . . . .

36

37

42

44

45

46

47

48

MeetingsCalendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside back cover

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