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Boiler Technology for Biomass Residues
ERK Eckrohrkessel GmbH
Dott. Ing. Luca Viscuso,
Deputy Technical Director
Conference Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energies, Peru
November 25, 2013
Background of Eckrohrkessel
History and references
Eckrohr boiler technology was developed in the mid
1940s
today more than 30 licensees worldwide (from small
boiler manufacturers to turn-key suppliers
>5.900 boiler and heater references with thermal
outputs of 0.3-250MWth all over the world
references for biomass (>450), waste (>580),
cogeneration (>200), fuel mixtures (>350) as well as
coal, oil and gas (>4,000)
Background of Eckrohrkessel
Licensees all over the world (currently 31)
Energy From Biomass Conversion technologies
fuels
gasification combustion (grate and fluidised bed)
ERK has references for all aforementioned conversion technologies
Energy From Biomass Target of efficient combustion
1.) total burnout of fuel no carbon content in the ash
no CO or pyrolytic gases in the flue gas
for higher efficiency and environment
2.) low NOx emission in flue gases, less effort for secondary DeNOx
treatment
for the environment
3.) low dust content in flue gases less fouling and corrosion in the boiler
for a higher availability of the boiler
secondary
air
secondary
air
slagging
superheater
evaporator economiser
high temperature
corrosion
fine dust
Grate System With Boiler
Grate System With Boiler
Advantages:
• very low demands to fuel treatment
Disadvantages:
• cooled mechanical grate for higher calorific values
(higher plant and operation costs) ( scuffing of grate bars)
• areas with cold streaks with CO and high dust loads
• higher central excess air for sufficient burnout
→ boiler and flue gas treatment unit larger due to type of
incineration (excess air)
Types of Gas Generators
Energy From Biomass
Gasification – Two Stage Combustion
Principle:
generation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen under
sub-stoichiometric conditions in the first stage (gasifier)
high temperature combustion in the second stage (torsional
chamber)
low gasification temperatures keep complicated fuels, e.g.
chlorine and potassium, in the ash, thus reducing fouling and
corrosion
Advantages
higher steam parameters due to absence of complicated
substances; higher plant efficiency
reduced maintenance & small plant components
low investment and complexity
Disadvantages
not proven for highly contaminated wood waste yet
no existing references larger 70 MWth yet
Direct Relation of Two Systems
fuel
air for
drying
air for gasifying
and pyrolysis
air for carbon
burnout in ash
ash
cooling
fuel
gases to
burner
controlled
burnout
air
air pre-
heating
air for
carbon
burnout
air for degasify-ing and pyrolysis
air for drying
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
tem
pe
ratu
re i
n °
C
ash
CO streak
low temperature
CO streak
low temperature
NOx
high temperature
combustion
high ash
heat loss
excess air: 1,4 excess air: ~ 0,5
excess air: 1,2
low dust
content cool
ashes
DeNOx
high velocity
with high dust content
(alkaline metals: Na, K)
alkaline
condensation
(Na, K)
air gasifier hight
Energy From Biomass
Gasification references
MWth 5 130
>100 references for biomass gasification plants (1-70MWth)
Simple scale-up to 40MWel
>40MWel plants possible, but unusual for biomass;
25 40 70
Gasifying Plant With Eckrohrkessel Boiler
40 MW Gasifying Plant Villacanas
Contact
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Udo Hellwig, General Manager
p: +49 30 8977 46-0
Dott. Ing. Luca Viscuso, Deputy Technical Director
p: +49 30 8977 46-0
Address:
Am Treptower Park 28-30
Schuckert-Höfe, Haus A
12435 Berlin
Germany
www.eckrohrkessel.com
