BodyTissues.ppt SANFORD

8/18/2019 BodyTissues.ppt SANFORD

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Tissues of theBody


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Tissue

An aggregation of cells and cellproducts of similar structure andembryonic origin that perform a

common function


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Histology

The study of tissues, especiallytheir structure and arrangement


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1.Epithelial Tissues

They are composed of cells which form

a continues layer of sheet covering thebody surface or lining cavities within thebody.

They are compactly placed, bondedtogether by the intercellular cement forstrength and often supported below by abasement membrane.

Function: protection, absorption, sensation,secretion , ecretion, surface

transport .


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Eamples::

!tratum corneum of s"in

#ining of the digestive tract #ining of the $idney tubules

#ining of windpipe and lungs

%riteria in classifying Epithelial tissues1.!hape of cells

&.Arrangement of cells

'.%ombination of shape and arrangement

(.Function


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A. According to shape of cells:

1.!)uamous cell is thin *attened cell

resembling the tiles in a *oor or scaleli"e,Eamples:

stratum corneum of s"in

inner surface of blood vessels

&. %uboidal cell+ the height of cell bodywhich is about e)ual to the width. t hascube+li"e appearance.

Eamples: $idney tubules, !alivary glands,

Thyroid glands


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'. %olumnar cell+ the height of the cellbody

greatly eceeds the width resemblingpillars.

-. According to arrangement of cells in

epithelial sheets1.!imple+composed of a single layer of cells

Eample:

nner surface of the tympanicmembrane of the ear,

#ining of blood vessels.

-owmans capsule


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&. Transitional+ cells are arranged in two ormore distinct layers of varied cell shape thatis, the superfcial layer is of large umbrellashaped

cells, and its middle layer is composed ofseveral layers of polygonal cells and the

basal layer is composed of low columnarcells or small polyhedral cells.

Eample: urinary bladder

'. !trati/ed+ cells are arranged in two ormore distinct layers.

Eample: epidermis ,mouth , epiglottis ,

female urethra


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(. 0seudostrati/ed + cells are arranged in twoor more indistinct layers .

Eample: male urethra, ecretory ducts%. According to shape and arrangement

1. !imple s)uamous or pavement

epithelium is a single layer of fat cells or thinplateli"e cells are arranged in a single layer .

a. endothelium+ lining of the vascularorgans

b. mesothelium serous membrane lining ofthe large intestine, closed cavities such aspleura of the lungs, pericardium of the heart,

and the peritoneum of the coelum.


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&. !imple cuboidal epithelium is made upof one layer of box-like cells.

Eample: #ining of ducts

Thyroid glands

The "idney tubules such as theuriniferous tubules

'.!imple columnar epithelium is a layer ofcolumnar cells that adheres to oneanother along their longitudinal or lateralsurface2 nucleus is elongated but usuallybasal in position.


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Eample: Tunica mucosa- it is theinnermost lining of the alimentary canal or

digestive tract from the stomach to theanal region.

(. !trati/ed s)uamous epithelium+ is madeup of two or more layers of *attened cells.

Eample:

#ining of the nose and mouth cavities

#ining of vagina !tratum corneum of the vertebrates"in

3uter portion of the cornea of the eye


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4. !trati/ed columnar+ is made up ofseveral layers of columnar cells .

Eample: !tratum germinativum of the s"in

nnermost layer of the epiglottis

0art of the urethra Folds of con5unctiva

6. !trati/ed cuboidal is made up of several

layers of cuboidal cells . Eample:

Epidermis of many tailed amphibians


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Epithelial Types

• !imple Epithelium

– !imple s)uamous inside blood vessels

– !imple cuboidal lines ducts, e. $idneytubules, mucous glands

– !imple columnar lining of smallintestine

– 0seudostrati/ed %olumnar trachea,bronchi


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Epithelial Tissue


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Epithelial Tissue


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Epithelium-Human Stomach


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Glandular Epithelia

• Epithelialtissuesillustrate abasic biologicalprinciple: thatstructure

closelycorrelates withfunction


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• Figure 4.4


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• Binds the cells and organsof the body together

– All connective tissuesconsist of two basiccomponents: cells andextracellular fibers

• Two types of connectivetissue are:

–onnective tissue proper– !peciali"ed connectivetissue

Section 4-1

Connective Tissue


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onnective Tissue


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Connectiv e Tissue


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• An important structural component of organs

– onsists of two types:

• #ense connective tissue

• $oose connective tissue

Connective Tissue


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onnective Tissue


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• %erform specific functions essential to homeostasis

• The body contains three types of speciali"edconnective tissue:

• artilage

• Bone

• Blood

Specialized Connective Tissues


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•artilage

–onsists of speciali"edcells embedded in amatrix of extracellularfibers and other

extracellular material

•Blood

–ontains blood cells&

platelets& plasma


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'sseous Tissue

• Bone – onsists of bone cells

(osteocytes) and a

calcified cartilagematrix

• Two types of bonetissue exist:spongy andcompact


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'sseous Tissue


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• onsists of speciali"ed cells that contract when

stimulated

• The body has three types of muscle tissue:

• Skeletal (voluntary)

• Cardiac (involuntary)

• Smooth muscle (involuntary)

Muscle Tissue


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*uscle Tissue

*


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*u s

cle

Ti

ssu e


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Nervous Tissue

• ontains speciali"ed

cells that conductimpulses

• onducting cells& called neurons& transmit

impulses from one regionof the body to another+

• ,onconducting cells&neuroglia are a type of

nervous systemconnective tissue+

, Ti


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,erve Tissue

, Ti


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,erve Tissue


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'rgan !ystems

• Tissues combine to form organs+

– !rgans are discrete structures that have evolved toperform specific functions

– *ost organs do not function alone& they are part ofa group of cooperative organs& called an organsystem+


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BodyTissues.ppt SANFORD