Body Structure

Medical Terminology

Chapter 5

Student Objectives

Define the levels of organization in the human body.

Describe the disease process by defining terms associated with pathology.

Identify four body planes. Relate organs to each body cavity.

Student Objectives

Describe the four quadrants Describe radiology, computed

tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography.

Apply directional terms. Identify combining forms, suffixes, and

prefixes related to body structure.

Student Objectives

Identify diagnostic, symptomatic, and therapeutic terms related to body structure.

Identify diagnostic procedures related to body structure.

Student Objectives

Identify surgical and therapeutic procedures related to body structure.

Define the abbreviations related to body structure.

Levels of Organization Cells, Cytology Tissues, Histology

– epithelial

– connective

– muscle

– nervous Organs Systems Organism

Disease Process Disease, morbid signs, objective symptoms, subjective homeostasis pathology etilogy diagnosis, prognosis idiopathic

Body Planes

Imaginary horizontal and vertical lines

Easier to describe location of organ or problem

Midline (midsagittal) Plane

Coronal Plane

Transverse Plane

Ventral and Dorsal

Ventral Cavity

contains body organs that maintain homeostasis

thoracic cavity abdominal cavity pelvic cavity

Dorsal

cranial cavity spinal cavity

Divisions of the Abdomen

right upper quadrant RRQ left upper quadrant LUQ right lower quadrant RLQ left lower quadrant LLQ

Diagnostic Imaging

Radiography (x-ray) Computed Tomography (CT scan) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasonography

The Spine

Cervical (neck) Thoracic (chest) Lumbar (loin) Sacral (lower back) Coccyx (tailbone)

Body Directions

Superficial and Deep

Abduction and Adduction

Lateral and Medial

Lateral

Bilateral

Medial

toward the side or away from the midline

having two sides or both sides

middle or towards the midline

Superior and Inferior

Proximal and Distal

Anterior and Posterior

Parietal and Visceral

Prone and Supine Inversion and Eversion Palmar and Plantar

Combining Forms Denoting...

Cellular Structure Anatomical Directions Regions of the Body Colors Body Structure

Suffixes - Review

-genesis -gnosis -gram -graph -graphy -pathy

Prefixes - Review

Ab- ad- all- infra- peri- super- trans- ultra-

Diagnostic, Symptomatic and Therapeutic Terms Ablation adhesion dehiscence nuclear medicine polyp radiopharmaceutical sepsis suppurative

Diagnostic Procedures

Digital radiography fluoroscopy magnetic resonance angiography magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography sonography stereoradiography

Surgical,Therapeutic Procedures Anastomosis biopsy cauterize curettage frozen section incision and drainage laser surgery ligation resection radical dissection

Abbreviations

AP CNS CT scan, CAT scan CV Dx GI GU

Abbreviations GU I & D LAT LLQ, LUQ, RLQ, RUQ MRI MS PA sono U/L

End Chapter Five

Peritoneum

parietal visceral mesentery retroperitoneal peritonitis

Genetic Disorder / Hereditary Disorder

Any disease or condition caused by defective genes.

cystic fibrosis

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

hemophilia

muscular dystrophy

Congenital disorder

Is present at birth or existing at the time of birth. Gene abnormalities account for about 5 percent of congenital heart disease.

fetal alcohol syndrome

congenital anomaly

Histology

Epithelial– epithelium - external surfaces - epi– endothelium - internal surfaces -

endo Connective

– bones and cartilage– adipose

Nervous

- plasia

aplasia-lack of development of organ/tissue hypoplasia-incomplete development hyperplasia-abnormal increase in number of

normal cells in normal tissue arrangement dysplasia-abnormal development or growth anaplasia - change in structure of cells and in

their orientation to each other--characteristic of malignancy

Neoplasm (tumor)

Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive.

ne/o - means new or strange benign - usually not recurring, not

malignant malignant - tending to spread, life-

threatening

Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive.

ne/o - means new or strange benign - usually not recurring, not

malignant malignant - tending to spread, life-

threatening

Glands

Exocrine Endocrine

endo -inside

crine - to secrete

exo - out of

Pathology and Procedures

adenosis adenitis adenomalacia adenosclerosis adenoma adenectomy