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BODY COMPOSITION

Amount of weight that is fat compared to lean body tissues

MEASURED WITH ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE

Male – 10-25%

Females 18-32%

Any aerobic activity can work BC

F – 3-6 days/week

I – 40-60% HRMax

T – 20-60 minutes

CHAPTER 19 - LEGAL DRUGS/OTC

CHAPTER 20 - TOBACCO

CHAPTER 21 - ALCOHOL

CHAPTER 22 – ILLEGAL DRUGS

DRUG

PREVENTION

DRUGS

Substances taken into body that change

one or more body functions

Acts by altering body processes

All affect user PHYSICALLY

Use involves risk (impacts

neurotransmitters – chemical messengers)

Drugs do not CURE disease, but help

the BODY

SIDE EFFECTS

Effects of drug other than the desired medicinal effects

ALL drugs work by changing body’s own processes. ALL

drugs have side effects

Tired Dizzy Water-Retention

MEDICINES Medicines benefit people by:

Helping PREVENT disease

example: vaccines

Helping CURE disease

example: penicillin kills bacteria that cause pneumonia

Making the disease less severe

example: steroids to help body’s defenses against arthritis

Relieving symptoms

example: aspirin relieves aches and pains

Bringing about desired effects

Example: drugs that promote hair growth

COMMON MEDICINES

Vaccines

A preparation that prevents person from contracting

disease

Analgesics

Aspirin

Relieves pain, fever, inflammation

Changes body response by changing body chemistry

Side effects – DOUBLES bleeding time of wounds (4-7 days)

Other pain relievers: acetaminophen & ibuprofen,

naproxen

Antihistamines

Drugs that counteract inflammation caused by histamine

(chemical involved in allergic reactions)

Causes drowsiness

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FACTORS THAT CHANGE THE WAY MEDICINES WORK

History of drug use

2+ taken at the same time

With herbal remedies

****************************************************

Tolerance – repeated use, need more to produce same

feeling

Drug Synergy – combined action of 2 drugs that is

greater than sum of individual action (accidental

deaths)

Antagonist drugs – drugs that opposed the action of

another (prevent action of other)

FACTORS THAT AFFECT HOW A DRUG

WORKS OR WHAT IT DOES TO YOU

Nature of the drug – narcotic, stimulant, depressant

Form you take it in- liquid absorbs faster than capsules

Route it takes- is it injected directly to blood stream, taken by mouth into the digestive system to be absorbed, rubbed on the skin (transdermal).

When you take drugs- food in stomach

You- age, weight, expectations

Use of other drugs such as alcohol and nicotine ** strongest factor **

IDENTIFYING DRUG PRODUCTS

Active ingredients: ingredients in medicine that

produce physical effects on the body

Inactive ingredients: ingredients that give a medicine

qualities other than medical effects~ flavors

Generic names: chemical names for drugs-

- contains same active ingredients but may have

different inactive ingredients as brand name drugs.

Brand names: names companies give drugs

DRUGS APPROVED BY THE FDA:

PROVEN SAFE AND EFFECTIVE1. Over-the-counter (OTC)

Reasonably priced drugs for minor or chronic problems-

billions of dollars spent each year

Legally available without a prescription (**Some regulated

by feds)

Over use, misuse (using in ways other than

intended), & abuse (use for non-medicinal reasons)

are problems.

Reading labels is VERY important!

DRUGS APPROVED BY THE FDA

2. Prescription Drugs

Need to understand the diagnosis, know what

medicine is being prescribed, and follow the

instructions. Follow recommended guidelines

for use, storage, disposal, and replacement of

medicine.

CAN THESE

LEAD TO

ADDICTION?!?!?

LABEL READING

Label must have complete list of ingredients

Check expiration date

P 532, Fig 19.7

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HEAD, SHOULDERS,

Knees, and Toes.

Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes.

Eyes, and Ears, and Mouth, and Nose.

Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes!

Speed up!!

BENEFITS OF MUSCULAR

FITNESS

Can do more strenuous work

Work longer

Less likely to fatigue

Less injury prone

Improved appearance and posture

Improved athletic performance

CH 22 - DRUG ABUSE

Drug Use – taking of drugs for its medically

intended purpose

Drug Misuse – taking a drug for its medically

intended purpose, but not in appropriate amount,

frequency, strength, or manner

Recreational Drug Use –drug use by people

who claim their drug taking produces no harmful

social or health effects

Drug Abuse – deliberate taking of a drug for

anything other than a medical purpose

SIGNS OF ABUSE

Signs of Abuse for alcohol or any drug…

Physical Paleness, perspiration, dilated pupils

Runny nose or nosebleed

Jitters and hyperactive

Can go without food or sleep for a long time

Mental

Memory loss

Anger, anxiety, or unreasonable suspiciousness

Sudden carelessness about personal appearance

Broken appointments/promises, lying

School Related – Tardiness, unexcused absences, declining grades

Trouble with the law, family or school authorities

WHY DO PEOPLE/TEENS ABUSE DRUGS?

Peer pressure

Family members

Role models

Media messages

Perceptions of drug

behavior

Misleading

information

Personality (more

curious)

Lack of values

Boredom/lack of

excitement

Escape from problems

Euphoria – sense of

great well-being &

pleasure brought on

by some drugs

Teens?

FIT IN & DEAL WITH

PROBLEMS!

PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE &

CONSEQUENCES

Family

Open communication

Strong Opposition

+ family relationships

CONSEQUENCES

Juvenile = <18

Drug trafficker – person involved in transport and

sale of illegal drugs

PUNISHMENT REGARDLESS OF AGE!

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ADDICTION

Drug Addiction (dependence) – physical or

psychological need for more and more doses of a drug

Physical addiction – change in body chemistry, when

without it, hormonal functioning fails

Psychological addiction – mental dependence

Endorphins – chemicals in brain that produce

feelings of pleasure (exercise, eating)

Dysphoria – lack of endorphins, producing unwanted

feelings

Withdrawal – physical symptoms when drug clears

from body tissues

STEPS TO PHYSICAL ADDICTION

**Curiosity experimentation

euphoria dysphoria tolerance (addiction)

elevated drug doses euphoria greater

dysphoria withdrawal elevated drug doses

relief from withdrawal withdrawal elevated

doses physical addictionCAN BE

HEREDITARY! –

genetic

predisposition

KICKING THE HABIT

1. Admit PROBLEM

2. Seek HELP

NA – free self-help program for addiction recovery

Methadone- drug therapy to treat heroin addicts

**Develop a SUPPORT SYSTEM**

**HOW CAN I HELP SOMEONE? IMMUNITY LAWS

Express concern

Ask questions

Don’t BLAME

May have to confront (intervention)

Express your disapproval

Have information about drugs and their effects

Making sure the person knows – on choosing to

seek help… where to go

TYPES/CATEGORIES Marijuana - gateway drug

Amotivational Syndrome - When a person loses motivation for basic tasks & daily activities (affects hippocampus - memory)

Club Drugs (designer) – made to imitate other drugs

Rhohypnol, Ecstasy

Hallucinogens (LSD) – alters moods, thoughts

Stimulants – excite CNS

Depressants – slow down CNS

Inhalants – gases/fumes, depress CNS

Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome - no matter how many times you have used Inhalants (1st or 100th time) you can die from it immediately

Narcotics – most addictive (physical/psychological)

Heroin in the Heartland (closed caption)

Stigma…

Large Muscle groups involved

Rhythmic

Continuous

Aerobic

Examples – swimming, biking, walking, dance

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CHAPTER 20 - TOBACCO

All people who continue to use tobacco do so

because they are addicted to the drug NICOTINE

Single greatest cause of PREVENTABLE DEATH

Tobacco advertising is directed towards HEALTHY

younger ages - usually start before age 18

NICOTINE IS A….

GATEWAY DRUG!!!

Users are more likely than non to abuse other drugs,

such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin

Over 4000 children light up for first time every day

Some 7-8 years old!

26% of teens have reported current tobacco use –

cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless.

90% adult smokers started as a teen

Every year in the US, smoking KILLS more than:

AIDS, Car accidents, Alcohol, Homicides, Illegal drugs, suicides,

and fire COMBINED

****Reaches brain in 8 seconds!!!

WHAT’S IN A CIGARETTE??

Over 4,000 hazardous compounds in a

cigarette

9mg nicotine per cigarette

TAR in it is the most dangerous (in a jar)

Carcinogens – cancer-causing agents (60+)

NICOTINE EFFECTS ON THE BODY

(BOTH A STIMULANT & DEPRESSANT TO

BODY)

Affects all the body’s organs (nervous, cardio,

digestive)

It produces stress hormones (Fight or flight)

Suppresses appetite

Changes brainwave patterns/calms nerves – link

to depression

1 drop of pure

nicotine on

tongue will

kill you! –

think vapes!

SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF SMOKING

Brain chemistry changes

Reduces circulation, Reduces oxygen in blood

Increases clots

Causes wrinkles

Taste buds dull/appetite reduced

Slows growth of lungs in adolescents

Sinus infections

Impairs the immune system- get sick more

Prevents normal sleep

Infertility/premature births/abnormal sperm

movement

LONG TERM EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH

CIGARETTES

Bronchitis

Emphysema

Lung Cancer (#1 Link)

Heart disease/Stroke

COPD

Weakened immune system

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TYPES OF SMOKE

Mainstream smoke (MS): smoke that flows

through cigarette into lungs when smoke inhaled

Sidestream smoke (SS): smoke that escapes into

air from burning tip of cigarette or pipe tobacco

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS): combo of

MS and SS that enters air

DIFFERENT FORMS OF SMOKING, BESIDES

SMOKING A CIGARETTE YOURSELF

***Smoking tobacco in ANY form is unsafe for health!!!!

Passive smoking (second-hand smoke)

40% as much damage as smokers

Raises the risk of cancer, heart disease and

other hazards

This is the cause of the third leading

preventable deaths in the U.S.

Third–Hand Smoke: Smoke particles that attach to your clothing,

hair, and fabric that can cause adverse effects

on others.

example – lead exposure, leading to diminished IQ

DIFFERENT FORMS OF SMOKING…

Smokeless Tobacco (Chewing Tobacco):

Contains nicotine (so it is addictive)

Can cause mouth sores

Causes grayish colored cancerous tumors

(Leukoplakia) of the: Mouth

Nasal cavity

Cheek

Gums

Throat

Creates bad breath and

brown teeth

Cadmium: used in car batteries; Formaldehyde: embalming fluid; Lead: a poison

Nicotine: an addictive drug; N-Nitrosamines: cancer-causing chemical; Polonium 210: nuclear waste;

Acetaldehyde: irritant; Hydrazine: toxic chemical; Benzopyrene: cancer-causing chemical; Uranium

235: used in nuclear weapons; Sodium: salt, can cause high blood pressure; Sugar: can cause cavities;

Fiberglass and Sand: abrasives

QUITTING TOBACCO

Quitting (both smoking and smokeless)

Taper vs Cold Turkey

It is not easy- BUT worth it!

Often replace the behavior with eating-

that is what creates the weight gain

Nicotine Gum/Patch Hypnosis Acupuncture

SMOKING….. GAINING POPULARITY

Hookah pens Started about 500 years ago

An instrument used for smoking a special type of flavored tobacco, known as ‘shisha pen’.

Variety of flavors, like strawberry, apple, mint

Tobacco is heated by charcoal or wood fuel, resulting smoke sent via a water chamber into a mouthpiece, through which the smoke is inhaled by the smoker.

Smoking tobacco from a hookah could be possibly more detrimental than smoking cigarettes.

Lead to tobacco addition.

Health impacts In a hookah pipe, charcoal is used to heat the tobacco and this charcoal increases the

health risks by generating high levels of CO (carbon monoxide), tar, metals, and various cancer-causing chemicals.

Hookah holds approximately 5X more cancer-causing agents compared to cigarettes.

Exposed to several toxic substances that can cause clogged arteries and heart diseases.

Sharing increases the risk of contracting meningitis or tuberculosis

Infertility

Breathing difficulties and wrinkling of skin.

Low-birth weight infants & increased risk for respiratory diseases

Hookah smoke delivers nearly the same amount of nicotine as a cigarette does, leading to nicotine addiction in the user.

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E-CIGARETTES

First developed in China and were introduced to the U.S. market in 2007.

Smoke-free and tobacco-free

NOT Nicotine-free.

The liquid in e-cigarettes is typically a combination of nicotine, flavorings (such as bubble gum or watermelon), propylene glycol (a solvent), and other additives. The amount of nicotine depends on the mixture of the particular liquid-nicotine cartridge installed in the device.

Some products contain nicotine amounts comparable to regular tobacco cigarettes.

Certain e-cigarette devices may also release metals during use -- including tin in some cases -- as well as other impurities known to be toxic and/or carcinogenic.

Aerobic v Anaerobic Aerobic – body replacing oxygen as fast as it is used

Running, biking

Anaerobic – body CANNOT replace oxygen as fast as it is used

Sprinting, weight training

CHAPTER 21 - ALCOHOL

Alcohol, or ethanol, is the most widely used and

abused drug in America.

Drug & toxin (changes way body functions)

Reason why the legal drinking age is 21

TRUTH ABOUT ALCOHOL

Packet

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND EFFECTS

Fetal alcohol syndrome: birth defects,

(permanent mental & physical retardation &

facial abnormalities) seen in children born to

mothers who abuse alcohol during pregnancy.

TYPES OF DRINKERS

Social drinker: drinks only on social occasions.

May be a moderate drinker or a problem drinker,

depends on how affected

Problem drinker: suffers social, emotional,

family, job-related, or other problems because of

alcohol. progressing to being an alcoholic

Binge drinker: drinks four or more drinks in a

short period

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TYPES OF DRINKERS

Alcoholic: full-blown disease. This person’s

problems, caused by alcohol abuse, are out of

control.

May suffer from blackouts, cirrhosis, and severe

withdrawal

Denial…

ALCOHOL

Produces euphoria, changes in mood, relieves pain, and releases tension.

For legal drinkers…..Drinking in Moderation is Key

Moderation: an amount of alcohol that causes no harm to health: not more than 1-2 drinks/day for healthy adults.

Females less tolerant (smaller body, less blood volume, higher body fat) – male stomach destroys more alcohol

Proof = measure of % of alcohol in beverage –

twice % of alcohol

100 proof = 50% alcohol

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ALCOHOL’S

EFFECTS

Body size Smaller person feels effects faster than larger person

BAC (BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT – amount in blood, expressed as percentage; based on quantity & type)

Gender Moves through female’s bloodstream faster than males

Food Slows down passage into bloodstream

Rate of intake Drink faster than liver can break it down

Amount Alcohol in bloodstream rises as alcohol increases

Medicine Interferes with effects of medicines and can heighten

effects

BODY’S RESPONSE TO TOO MUCH

ALCOHOL

Blackouts: episodes of amnesia (loss of

memory)while drinking; may act normal, but

later be unable to recall anything.

Your Body tries to protect itself from toxic

doses by:

choking reflex doesn’t allow too much at once

vomiting expelling too large a dose

Breaking down alcohol liver filters blood before

releasing it to body. Processes 1oz of alc/hr.

Damaged if too much toxic substances travels

through it.

BODY’S RESPONSE…

Hangover: headache, unpleasant sensation in the mouth,

and nausea suffered morning after drinking too much -

mild form of withdrawal.

Time is the only cure for hangovers

MORE SEVERE:

Alcohol Poisoning: Consuming too much alcohol at once

Delirium – state of mental confusion usually with

hallucinations & continual movement

Tremors – continuous quivering or shaking

BOTH can lead to DEATH!

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE BODY

Alcohol is a DEPRESSANT. Can mix with fat & water substance, so can go

anywhere in body

Liver Changes alcohol to waste, handles 1/hour, more = excess in blood

stream, CIRRHOSIS

Lungs Excretes little ethynol from blood stream as a gas exhaled in breath

Breathalyzer – test of person’s breath, reflects BAC (blood alcohol level)

Blood vessels Warms skin, relaxes CNS, widens BV of skin

Nerves & Brain Depresses NS that sets limits on behavior,

talk/laugh louder; gesture more prominent

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ALCOHOL AND DRIVING

“.08” vs “.00”What do these # mean in

relation to alcohol and

driving in the state of ILLINOIS?

STATISTICS

One of the nation’s most serious health

problems.

About 2/3 of all U.S. adults drink. Of these about

1 in 10 are addicted to alcohol. (ON THE RISE!)

Affects everyone in the family

Alcoholism sets in much quicker in young

people than adults.

More teenagers die or are permanently

injured from alcohol-related traffic

accidents.

ALCOHOL AND DRIVING

Alcohol increases chances of auto accidents

On average, 46 people die daily in alcohol related

traffic crashes, accounting for nearly 40% of traffic

deaths.

**Driving Under the Influence (DUI): Operating

a motor vehicle after consuming alcohol or any

abusable substance.

Average cost of DUI or DWI is $12,000 to $15,000 per

violation.

LOOKING AT ALCOHOL ADS

Brand Loyalty

Bandwagon

False Image

Free Stuff

Great Outdoors

Humor

Modeling

Nothing but the Positive

Science Status

Testimonial

We Really Care

Ads for Alcoholic

Beverages

The Persuaders

FUMBLE FINGERS – STAND UP

How difficult was it to unwrap kisses with gloves?

How did gloves make task harder?

Difficulty same for all?

How does this relate to use of alcohol & other drugs?

What activities of your daily life would be harder to

accomplish if you were impaired?

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HEADS UP!! DRUGS IN THE NEWS….

“Molly” (named shortened from molecule)

Molly is thought to be the "pure" powder or crystal form of MDMA

MDMA acts as a stimulant and a psychedelic, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration

Exact numbers detailing molly's use are unclear, but users tend to be younger

Produces elevated heart rate, distortion of thought processes

Dehydration and exhaustion, hyperthermia, seizures, electrolyte abnormalities, cardiac episodes and comas.

• Csomor, M. “There's something (potentially dangerous) about molly.” CNN, Thu August 16, 2012.

Krokodil

Extremely addictive injectable opioid

Users report losing limbs and flesh after abusing

the so-called "flesh-eating" drug

Combine with easily available chemicals: iodine; kitchen & bathroom cleaner; hydrochloric acid; red phosphorous from matches, gasoline or paint thinner

Suspected in Arizona, Oklahoma and Illinois• Christensen, J. “Flesh-eating 'zombie' drug 'kills you from the inside out‘”. CNN: Fri

October 18, 2013

Unlike Ecstasy, seen here, which is in the form of a pill,

molly is the pure powder or crystal form of MDMA.

DRUGS IN THE NEWS

Xanax

Benzodiazepine (Alprazolam) affects chemicals in the

brain that may become unbalanced and cause

anxiety.

Treats anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and

anxiety caused by depression ~ Prescription

Depressant (sedative effects)

Side effects - fatigue, tiredness, drowsiness, impaired

coordination, and memory impairment

Symptoms of overdose may include:

severe drowsiness, slowed/reduced reflexes,

slowed breathing, loss of consciousnessWebmd.com & drugs.com

WEBQUESTS WORK TIME

Partner ASSIGNED to you

One gets laptop & uses resources on webquest,

other gets pamphlets

BOTH find info and share it

DUE NOV 30 (you will have that day to complete

it in class and turn it in)

EACH PERSON DOES HIS/HER OWN!

HEADS UP!! ROUND 2

PROJECT WORK – POSTER OR MOBILE! Research common drug categories using your text book (Ch 22 p598-610) & Other Health Book

Develop a creative poster/mobile to display the information using text and drawings.

We, as a class, will then walk around the room and take notes from each other’s posters/mobiles.

It is essential for your informational poster/mobiles to be thorough, complete, and creative.

The commonly abused drugs categories include: Cannabis “Marijuana”

Stimulants

Narcotics

Depressants (Barbituates, Methaqualone, Benzodiazepines)

Hallucinogens (PCP, LSD/Mescaline/Peyote, Psilocybin)

Inhalants

Club Drugs (GHB, Rohypnol, Ketamine, MDMA/ecstasy)

Below is the information that must be covered on your poster. Feel free to add additional information, facts, or data. Total – 25 + 10 creativity/drawings

Drug category (1)

Various specific drugs in the drug category and their street name (6 pts)

Medical uses; if no medical use is indicated make a note that there is no medical use. (2)

Physical and/or psychological dependence (1)

Method of administration (3)

Possible side effects (4)

Effects of overdose (3)

Withdrawal symptoms (syndrome) (4)