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BODY AREA NETWORKSBODY AREA NETWORKSand and
Wireless Medical MonitoringWireless Medical Monitoring
Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development
1st Invitational Workshop onBody Area Network Technology and ApplicationsFuture Directions, Technologies, Standards and ApplicationsJune 19-20, 2011Worcester Polytechnic Institute
in Silicon Valley
JOHN W. HINESJOHN W. HINESChief TechnologistChief TechnologistNASANASA--Ames Research CenterAmes Research [email protected]@nasa.gov
Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development
1st Workshop on Body Area Network Technology and Ap plications1st Workshop on Body Area Network Technology and Ap plications20 June, 201120 June, 2011
Visions
ofthe
IsitF
lightR
eady?
Does
itWO
RK
?
InfusionOpportunitiesfor NASAMissionDirectorates,Other Govt.Agencies, andIndustry
Idea
Idea
Idea
Idea
NASA’s Space Technology Program -Development Approach
Idea
Idea
Idea
Idea
Idea
Idea
Idea
Idea
PossibleSolution
PossibleSolution
PossibleSolution
PossibleSolution
theF
uture
Ready?
WO
RK
?
Prove feasibility of novel, early-stageideas with potential to revolutionize afuture NASA mission and/or fulfill
Mature crosscutting capabilitiesthat advance multiple future spacemissions to flight readiness status
Idea
Creative ideas regardingfuture NASA systems orsolutions to national needs.
IndustryAcademia
Gov’t
national need.
8
National Innovation StrategyNational Innovation Strategy
NASA Strategic GoalsNASA Strategic Goals
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION DEFINITION FLOWDOWN
NASA Grand ChallengesNASA Grand Challenges
Space Technology Roadmap(s)Space Technology Roadmap(s)
ARC Tech Areas
ARC Tech Areas
Strategic InitiativesStrategic
Initiatives
IPTs
(Tech WrkgGrps)
IPTs
(Tech WrkgGrps)
Proposals, Projects, Products
Proposals, Projects, Products
NASA’s Space Technology Program
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST www.nasa.gov/octOFFICE OF THE CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST www.nasa.gov/oct 4
Strategic Initiatives
• Transformational Small Spacecraft, Subsystems, and Mission Architectures
• Biological Technologies for Life Beyond Low Earth Orbit
• Low Cost, Off-the-Shelf Space Technologies– (ex: PhoneSat --COTS Sp Tech Utilization
GREEN Technologies (Technologies for
NASANASA--Ames Technology ElementsAmes Technology ElementsDefinition Definition Definition Definition Definition Definition Definition Definition –––––––– Development Development Development Development Development Development Development Development ---------------- Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion Infusion
• GREEN Technologies (Technologies for Sustainability)
• Emerging Aeronautics Systems and Technologies
• Other Recommended Initiatives ?
– Disaster/Homeland Security Disaster/Homeland Security Monitoring, Mitigation, TrainingMonitoring, Mitigation, Training
– Autonomous Laboratories on Planetary Surfaces ?
– Hybrid Systems Modelling and Analysis
– Advanced Information, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems
• Graduates– Synthetic Biology
– PhoneSat
Developing systems to monitor the health and performance of NASA personnel and the functional
status of the systems that support them
Developing systems to monitor the health and performance of NASA personnel and the functional
status of the systems that support them
Biotelemeter implanted in amimals, or ingested by/attached to astronautssenses Body Temperature,Blood Pressure, Blood pH,and Heart Rate.
TriSponderquickly displaysHealth Status.
Physiological Monitoring of Astronauts
PhysiologicalSignal Conditioner(PSC) acquires ECG,EEG, EMG, and EOG (and other bio-parameters of interest.
Laptopmonitors andanalyzesPhysiologicalParameters.
Transponder relays biotelemeter signal to other monitoring devices.
Wireless Sensor Network for Health MonitoringWireless Sensor Network for Health Monitoring
Transceiver Modules
Core Module
Output Module(FHSS Transmitter,Datalogger, Display, etc.)
Battery
MONITORINGDEVICE
Commands
PulseOximeter
TemperatureSensor
Biosensors
Ingestable Sensor
MonitoringDevice
Respiration
WIRELESSSENSORS
(Transducer + Signal Conditioner + Transceiver)
Temp. ECG
Temp.ECG
ECG
Bio
Bio
Bio
Pressure, Core Temp. pH, Calcium, Glucose,...
Pulse Oximeter(Blood Gases)
Data & StatusECGElectrodes
Collaborative Collaborative development development efforts with efforts with UCSF Fetal UCSF Fetal TreatmentTreatmentCenterCenter
Fetal Biotelemetry System
–– Fetal Health Fetal Health Status Monitor Status Monitor
–– pH/temp/HR pH/temp/HR Fetal Fetal Biotelemetry Biotelemetry SystemSystem
–– pH/temp/ECG/prpH/temp/ECG/pressure Fetal essure Fetal Biotelemetry Biotelemetry SystemSystem
Distributed Environmental and Physiological Monitoring
Head Mount Display
Environmental Monitor (MPM)
• Temp.• Pressure• O2• CO2
Physiological Monitor (iPAQ)
• Body Temp.• Blood Pressure• SpO
iPAQ
ECG(QRS)
SpO2(Nonin)
HMD(TBD)
Server (Laptop)
• SpO2• Respiration• Heart Rate / ECG• Activity
iPAQ
Dave WilliamsDemonstration
Space Station / Shuttle Scenario
RF(Proxim)
Server• Data Display• Data Distribution• Data Analysis
USBUSBUSBUSB
BTBTBTBT
BTBTBTBT
BTBTBTBT
BTBTBTBTUSBUSBUSBUSB
USBUSBUSBUSBPAPAPAPA
PAPAPAPA
PAPAPAPA
SSSS
SSSS BTBTBTBT
FHSSFHSSFHSSFHSSSSSS
USBUSB
BTBT
BTBT
BTBT
BTBTUSBUSB
USBUSBPAPA
PAPA
PAPA
SS
SS BTBT
FHSSFHSSSS
PEM
PPM
PCM
PersonalStatus
Monitor(PSM)
Comm
PSMPSMPSMPSMSSSS PAPAPAPAIRIRIRIR
TMRx (RFTMRx (RFDirect)Direct)
TMRx (RFTMRx (RFDirect)Direct)
TM PillTM PillTM PillTM PillUSBUSBUSBUSB
MemMemMemMemAAAA USBUSBUSBUSB BTBTBTBT USBUSBUSBUSBBTBTBTBT
PSMPSMSS PAPAIRIR
TMRx (RFTMRx (RFDirect)Direct)
TM PillTM PillUSBUSB
MemMemAA USBUSB BTBT USBUSBBTBT
PSM: Personal Status MonitorPA: PreAmplifier S: Sensor
BT: BlueTooth USB: Universal Systems BussA: Actuator
TM: Telemetry Transmitter Module FHSS: Freq. Hopping Spread Spectrum
IR: InfraRedMem: Memory TMRx: Telemetry Reveiver
DataManagement
DecisionAssistantController
PSM: Personal Status MonitorPPM: Personal Physiological MonitorPEM: Personal Environmental MonitorPCM: Personal Clinical Monitor
iPAQ SwitchBoard
Laptop Video Server
iPAQ Client
Space Station Intranet
Laptop Client
Access Point
� Various Data Sources supported (Physiological and Environmental Sensors, Video (wired/wireless), GPS)
� Various Client Devices supported (Pocket PCs, HMDs, Laptops, PCs)
� Local ad-hoc Networking using iPAQ-SwitchBoard or Laptop-SwitchBoard
� Ad-hoc Network can be connected to Intranet as soon as Access Point is in range, as well as Internet
Optional link to Intranet
Wireless LAN(RL2, 802.11b,
Bluetooth)
Prior System: Smart Health
Care Management System
(SHMS)
iPAQ Client with ECG/Resp. Monitor
iPAQ Client with Pulse Oximeter
iPAQ Clientwith HMD
JSC Intranet
Downlink(S-Band or Ku-Band)
Stanford University,NASA Ames, .
Video Server
Wireless Video Server
Access Point
iPAQ Client
ClientInternet
range, as well as Internet� Compatible with most Wireless LAN
Technologies (RangeLAN2, 802.11b, Bluetooth)
� Low Bandwidth Requirement (128-kbps S-Band compatible)
� Modular, Flexible, Reliable, and Secure
GPS-iPAQ
Environmental Monitor
LifeGuard Monitoring System - Overview
LIFEGUARD
Nonin Pulse Oximeter (SpO2)
Nexan ECG/Repsiration SensorPhysiological Logger with Streaming Capabilities (CPOD)
Nexan Sensor
BP Cuff
BP
Accutracker II Blood Pressure Monitor (flight qualified)
Base Station
orBase StationCPOD logs data.
Download via RS-232 or wireless:
Nonin SpO2
Monitor
CPOD Data Logger
Non-NASA Application of SHMS: Homeland Security and Defense
NASA DARTParticipation
Testing, testing, and more testing
Test, Applications, and Integration
INMARSATSATELLITE
ARC Wireless Technology for SpaceARC Wireless Technology for SpaceDiscovery and Systems HealthDiscovery and Systems Health Technical AreaTechnical Area
SENSORS/ MEASUREMENTS
Headband EEG and Oximetry
Acoustic(Voice Stress and Content Analysis)
Dead Reckoning Module(3-Axis Accelerometer, GPS,
Magnetometer, Altimeter)
3
2
1
Predict
Significant
PHYSIOLOGICALCONSEQUENCES OF CONCERN
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Hypoxia
Metabolic Fatigue
Vigilance Lapses
“Tool Kit” to Understand Warfighter Physiology
CURRENT
2
1
4
3
Warfighter Physiological Status MonitoringWarfighter Physiological Status Monitoring
Magnetometer, Altimeter)
EKG, EMG, andThoracic Impedance Cardiography
Body Core and Skin Temperature
Near-Infrared (or Other) Technology*Tissue pH, Glucose, and Lactate
Wrist-Worn Actigraph
Boot-to-Boot Impedance*
Foot Contact (Weight/Locomotion)
Wireless Inter-Module Communication
9
8
7
6
5
4
10
Performance
Degradation
and
Impending
Casualty
Vigilance Lapses
Dehydration
Psychological Stress
Inadequate Restorative Sleep
Desynchronization ofCircadian Functions
Jolt, Blast, and RepeatedImpact Exposure
Toxic Substance Exposure
Specifications for Minimal Sensor Setto Predict Warfighter Physiology
FUTURE
* Concept
5
6
9
8
10
8
7
SENSORS/ MEASUREMENTS
Headband EEG and Oximetry
Acoustic(Voice Stress and Content Analysis)
Dead Reckoning Module(3-Axis Accelerometer, GPS,
Magnetometer, Altimeter)
3
2
1
Predict
Significant
PHYSIOLOGICALCONSEQUENCES OF CONCERN
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Hypoxia
Metabolic Fatigue
Vigilance Lapses
“Tool Kit” to Understand Warfighter Physiology
CURRENT
2
1
4
3
NASA NASA –– DHS DHS –– First Responder PSMFirst Responder PSM
Magnetometer, Altimeter)
EKG, EMG, andThoracic Impedance Cardiography
Body Core and Skin Temperature
Near-Infrared (or Other) Technology*Tissue pH, Glucose, and Lactate
Wrist-Worn Actigraph
Boot-to-Boot Impedance*
Foot Contact (Weight/Locomotion)
Wireless Inter-Module Communication
9
8
7
6
5
4
10
Performance
Degradation
and
Impending
Casualty
Vigilance Lapses
Dehydration
Psychological Stress
Inadequate Restorative Sleep
Desynchronization ofCircadian Functions
Jolt, Blast, and RepeatedImpact Exposure
Toxic Substance Exposure
Specifications for Minimal Sensor Setto Predict Warfighter Physiology
FUTURE
* Concept
5
6
9
8
10
8
7
EVA and IVA Physiological Monitoring• Keep crew safe, healthy, and performing optimally• Prevent, recognize, diagnose, and treat illness and injury
� IVA – medical exams, exercise, research, fitness evaluations
• Keep crew safe, healthy, and performing optimally• Prevent, recognize, diagnose, and treat illness and injury
� IVA – medical exams, exercise, research, fitness evaluations
Current HSIR requirementsTABLE 3.10.5.1-1 - MEASUREMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Suit Parameter
Unpressurized an d Ventilation Pressure Operations
Pressurized Operations
Lunar Surface Operations
Breathing gas flow rate (real-time) X X X
ppO2 X X Oxygen consumption rate (real-time)
X
Suit pressure (real-time) X X
ppCO2 (real-time) X X
Requirements (Medical Operations)
Monitoring ECG Minimum of 2
independent
channels for up to
48-hours
Diagnostic ECG 12-lead for both
10-30 second
"snapshot" mode,
and 10-minute
"full disclosure”
mode
Requirements (Research)
Holter
Monitor/ECG
Minimum of 2
independent
channels for up
to 48-hours
Diagnostic ECG 12-lead ECG for a
minimum of 10
sequential
minutes that
employs 8
independent
channels (using a
standard 10-
EVA and IVA Physiological Monitoring Requirements
Consumables (power, oxygen, water, etc., real-time)
X X X
Thermal loading to each EVA crewmember (calculated)
X
Heart rate (real-time) X X
Metabolic Rate (calculated) X
Radiation Exposure Data X Notes:
For suited operations, measure the parameters in gray on an individual suit basis. For a single gas environment, ppO2 and total suit pressure are identical values and do not require separate sensors. Otherwise
Heart Rate 0-250 beats per
minute
Respiratory Rate 0-150 breaths per
minute
Body Temperature 84.0 °F to 108.0
°F
Blood Pressure Systolic 60-250
mmHg
Diastolic 30-160
mmHg
Blood Oxygen
Saturation
70-100%
standard 10-
electrode
configuration)
Cardiac Output Continuous
cardiac output for
up to 24 hours
Continuous Blood
Pressure
Continuous Blood
Pressure for up to
24 hours
Body
Temperature
84.0 °F to 108.0
°F
The Challenges• Maximize the comfort, ease of use,
reliability, and accuracy
• Minimize the equipment's mass, volume, power, and time for set-up and use
Apollo Sensors
Shuttle Sensors
EVA HR Monitoring
Requirements
Space Station
Hardware
Market Survey/Lessons Learned
• Many systems rely on perspiration/moisture • Nearby EMI can totally disrupt biomedical signals • Not all systems have local display, ensure data is actually recording • Have no buttons on the device that can be accidentally toggled • The sensor is only the front end - many other factors contribute to final
signal quality • Motion art ifact remains one of key problems • Motion art ifact remains one of key problems • Wireless an option - but many technical issues remain • Some devices need attention to keeping them in place on the body • Three considerations for sensor contact to skin • Placement of sensors sometimes key • Pick a financially viable company • Get agreement on the definition of easy to don/doff
Future Space Medicine Health Care
• Portability and application of nano-technology
• Minimally/non-invasive, efficient diagnostic systems capable of detecting abnormal human function abnormal human function across all body systems
• Health care approaches capable of therapeutic intervention for a wide range of pathological and trauma scenarios
••hard to usehard to use••don/doffdon/doff••attachment/motion artifactattachment/motion artifact••reliabilityreliability••communicationscommunications••PowerPower--data interfacesdata interfaces
BAN / Wireless monitoring systemsproblems for acceptance
••PowerPower--data interfacesdata interfaces••datadata--infoinfo--decisiondecision••adad--hoc networkhoc network••acceptanceacceptance•• costcost
••Sensing technologies and miniaturization is Sensing technologies and miniaturization is NOT the most critical issueNOT the most critical issue
ConclusionContinue to improve the human to biomedical sensor interface
1st Workshop on Body Area Network Technology1st Workshop on Body Area Network Technologyand Applicationsand Applications
Thank You!Thank You!JOHN W. HINESJOHN W. HINES
[email protected]@nasa.gov