JOHNSON MATTHEY, INC.Gas Turbine Simple Cycle SCR/CO SystemsPresented to McIIvaine CompanyBy Bob McGinty

Johnson Matthey Plc British Company - Founded in 1817 Traded on the London Stock Exchange Member of the FTSE 100 8,500 Employees Operating in 30 countries Stationary Emissions Control Group (SEC) a division of Emission Control Technologies (ECT) SEC MISSION Provides catalyst or catalyst-based systems to reduce gaseous emissions and particulate matter from stationary, locomotive, and marine engines, as well as turbines, boilers, and a wide range of industrial processes.

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems

Principles of Operation and Process Considerations

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems Simplified Emission Control Chemistry

Selective Catalytic Reduction 4 NH3 + 4 NO + O2 4 N2 + 6 H2O 4 NH3 + 2 NO2 + O2 3 N2 + 6 H2O Carbon Monoxide Reduction 2 CO + O2 2 CO2 2 C6H14 + 19 O2 12 CO2 + 14 H2O

Components of Gas Turbine Catalytic System

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX.

Schematic of system components NH3 tank, forwarding pumps and control NH3 vaporization skid and control NH3 injection grid arrangement and design SCR catalyst reactor design considerations CO catalyst Quench (Cooling) air system Cold flow modeling Constructability lowest supplied vs. lowest installed cost

I. SCR System Components

SCR Reactor CO Reactor

Stack

Ammonia Storage Tank

Ammonia Pump Skid Ammonia Injection Grid Quench Air Injection Ammonia Vaporizing Skid

II. NH3 Tank, Forwarding Pumps and Control

Storage tank, instrumentation, safety relief valves and excess flow check valve. Access ladder, platform & containment Aqueous ammonia Aqueous ammonia (19 % or 29% solution) Design pressure 30-50 PSIG Typical truck delivery quantity - 6,000 gallons

Pump skid Forwarding pumps (usually 2 x 100%) Minimum-flow & recirculation system Inlet manifold vapor vent & return

II. NH3 Tank, Forwarding Pumps and Control

Storage tank, instrumentation, safety relief valves and excess flow check valve. Access ladder and platform may not be required Anhydrous ammonia Anhydrous ammonia (99.5 purity) Pressurized storage tanks (250-300 PSIG design) Most economical source of ammonia In situ vaporization (pumps not required) Minimal heating requirement (low parasitic power load)

Issues to consider May require deluge system (fire fighting) Permitting challenges depending on county Pressurized storage vessel

II. NH3 Tank, Forwarding Pumps and Control Aqueous Ammonia System

II. NH3 Tank, Forwarding Pumps and Control Anhydrous Ammonia System

III. NH3 Vaporization Skid and Control

Ammonia vaporization/mixing skid components include:Aqueous ammonia systems Vaporizer and electric or hot flue gas heating Piping, controls and layout - Anhydrous ammonia systems Simplicity requires control valve and carrier air at low pressure - All: Control logic - Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or DCS. Safety considerations

III. NH3 Vaporization Skid and Control Electric Heated Vaporizing Skid

III. NH3 Vaporization Skid and Control Recirculated Flue Gas (RFG) Heated

III. NH3 Vaporization Skid and Control Anhydrous Vaporizing Skid

IV. NH3 Injection Grid Arrangement and Design AIG Components

Modeling (NH3 distribution) Balancing manifolds Balancing valves and flow elements Injection lances Nozzle sizing and spacing

IV. NH3 Injection Grid Arrangement and Design Ammonia Injection Grid Duct Section Installation

IV. NH3 Injection Grid Arrangement and Design Ammonia Vaporizer Skid & AIG Piping

V. SCR Catalyst Reactor Design Considerations Typical Catalyst Media, Module & Test Coupons

V. SCR Catalyst Reactor Design Considerations SCR CATALYST SELECTION CRITERIA Service life (customer requirement) Exhaust gas temperature Turbine exhaust NOX levels Required NOX removal Pressure loss allowance

Ammonia slip Catalyst temperature Reactor duct configuration Flue gas flow distribution Flue gas temperature distribution NH3/NOX distribution

Volumetric flow rate

V. SCR Catalyst Reactor Design Considerations TEMPERATURE vs. CATALYST ACTIVITY

Typical Catalyst Activity(As a function of temperature)100 95 90 85 80Approx Activity %

High Temperature Catalysts

75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Low Temp Catalysts

High High Temp Catalysts

Conventional Catalysts

Operating Temperature Deg F

V. SCR Catalyst Reactor Design Considerations

Design Considerations: Seismic and wind loads Thermal growth Catalyst support Accessibility (Internal and external components) Thermal insulation Extent of prefabrication Constructability

V. SCR Catalyst Reactor Design Considerations

Catalyst system considerations include: Catalyst module support Sealing and retention Catalyst sample coupons Catalyst deactivation Flue gas flow and distribution Catalyst cleaning

VI. Carbon Monoxide Catalyst

Platinum or other based promotes CO to CO2 oxidation. Consists of corrugated metallic foils or ceramics cells to provide high surface area per cu. ft. of catalyst. Oxidation occurs on surface of catalyst. Pressure drop is directly dependent on compactness and catalyst depth.

VII. Quench (Cooling) Air System Turning Vain/Duct Installation

VII. Quench (Cooling) Air System 3 x 100% Fan Arrangement

VIII. Cold Flow Modeling Cold flow modeling is a core method of determining complex flow fields. Cold flow modeling involves the design and fabrication of a Plexiglas model at a suitable scale to geometrically duplicate the full-scale turbine. A scale of 12:1 is generally used and replicates the flow field from the gas turbine exhaust diffuser through the stack. Applicable gas turbine diffuser swirl angle, exhaust plenum, ductwork sections, including turning vanes, airfoils, duct dampers, perforated plates, cooling air injection ports, ammonia injection grid, catalyst and all identifiable structures are geometrically duplicated. These appurtenances are introduced in various stages of the modeling in a methodical process. After documenting the base flow conditions, static mixing devices are introduced to the model to balance flue gas distribution at turbine firing rates. Quantitative evaluation of the modeling success is provided by the results of the modeling itself. Flow distribution before and after installing static mixing devices is compared to document the improvement achieved. Since the before and after measurements are both obtained in the model, they are directly comparable Cold flow modeling provides highly reliable data because it is based on actual flow conditions generated by the subject equipment on a scaled basis. Various parameters are introduced to replicate the variable actually encountered in normal operations. These variables include flow field variation from the turbine operation and cooling air injection array.

VIII. Cold Flow Model Simple Cycle Turbine

IX. Construction - Lowest Supplied/Installed Cost PANEL ASSEMBLY LOWEST SUPPLIED COST

IX. Construction - Lowest Supplied/Installed Cost SEMI-MODULAR BALANCED COST

IX. Construction - Lowest Supplied/Installed Cost MODULAR LOWEST INSTALLED COST

Simple Cycle SCR/CO Installation

Thank you for your time Please feel free to contact us for your emission control needs (800) 800-3950 www.johnsonmatthey.com