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____________________________
1
PLANNING BOARD FOR THE CITY OF CAMBRIDGE GENERAL HEARING
Tuesday July 16 2013
705 pm in
Citywide Senior Center 806 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts
Hugh Russell Chair H Theodore Cohen Vice Chair
William Tibbs Member Pamela Winters Member Steven Winter Member Tom Sieniewicz Member Steven Cohen Member
Catherine Preston Connolly Member Ahmed Nur Associate Member
Brian Murphy Assistant City Manager for Community Development
Community Development Staff Liza Paden Roger Boothe Stuart Dash
REPORTERS INC CAPTURING THE OFFICIAL RECORD 61778677836176390396
wwwreportersinccom
2
I N D E X GENERAL BUSINESS
Update Brian Murphy Assistant City manager for Community Development
Board of Zoning Appeal Cases
Adoption of Meeting Transcript (s)
PUBLIC HEARINGS PB282 533 Putnam Avenue Special Permit to convert an existing Non-Residential Space to Residential Use pursuant to Section 5282 -Conversion of Non-Residential Structures to Residential Use Section 6351 - Reduction of Required Parking and Section 5282 Dwelling units to permit a greater number of dwelling units than is permissible as determined by the minimum Lot Area per Unit No new gross floor area will be constructed Lianne Bensley applicant
Charles Teague et al to amend the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Cambridge in the following ways Create new definitions for Lamp Luminaire Direct Light and Indirect Light amend portions of Sections 641 and 646 in Design and Maintenance of Off-Street Parking Facilities to replace terms glare reflection and lights with other terms as defined in the petition amend Paragraph 715(B) in General Limitations for All Signs
(Continued on the Following Page) I N D E X (Continued)
3
Permitted in the City of Cambridge to remove the term indirect from the text create a new Section 722 Lighting Restrictions for the City of Cambridge and modify the title of Section 720 Illumination to read Section 723 Lighting Restrictions for Residential Districts and remove the term indirect from the text
KeyWord Index
4
P R O C E E D I N G S
(Sitting Members Hugh Russell H Theodore
Cohen Pamela Winters Steven Winter Tom
Sieniewicz Steven Cohen Catherine Preston
Connolly)
HUGH RUSSELL Good evening This
is the meeting of the Cambridge Planning
Board So the first item on our agenda is an
update and we have before us a great new list
of work were going to be doing in the next
couple of months And so is there any other
news to relate from the -- does the Council
have their midsummer meeting soon
LIZA PADEN So the City Council
will be meeting on July 29th and they will
have the various discussions and everything
else that theyre going to jam pack into that
one meeting
HUGH RUSSELL Okay If there are
5
no questions then well go to the next item
on our agenda which is the Board of Zoning
Appeal cases
LIZA PADEN These are the Board of
Zoning Appeal cases to be heard on July 25th
The case at the bottom is the 288 Norfolk
Street And that case is going to come back
to you in August with a revision to their
plans This was the one that you looked at
last week and had some constructive
criticism
Are there any other cases that the
Board would like to look at
PAMELA WINTERS Liza I have a
question I just -- the 38 Sacramento
Street I have to put my glasses on I
think its a good idea for -- is that retail
space now empty
LIZA PADEN Yes So its been a
6
retail space over time on that location So
even though its in the C-1 it has a retail
facade in that ground floor that corner
retail space
PAMELA WINTERS Well Im always
you know up for having retail spaces
particularly in that neighborhood So my
feeling is that I would like to see that
filled if it is a retail shop
LIZA PADEN Yes
PAMELA WINTERS I dont know if my
colleagues agree with me but I would like to
encourage that
HUGH RUSSELL Youre probably
living closer to that spot than any of us
PAMELA WINTERS Yes What was it
before Liza do you remember
LIZA PADEN Its been a variety of
things
7
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Liza
that used to be the Oxford Street Realty
office right
LIZA PADEN Yes real estate and
insurance office Thank you
H THEODORE COHEN Its been sort
of a kids clothing store most recently I
think
PAMELA WINTERS Right
LIZA PADEN Right Thank you
PAMELA WINTERS Well I would just
like to encourage retail you know that
being filled up so thats it
And well be getting the Norfolk Street
one later
LIZA PADEN August 6th its going
to come back to you
PAMELA WINTERS Okay thank you
LIZA PADEN Thats it
8
HUGH RUSSELL Thats it
Is there a transcript
LIZA PADEN And were working
through the transcripts So theres no new
transcripts yet
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
H THEODORE COHEN Liza can I ask
a question There was an article in the
Cambridge Chronicle about the Kaya Ka Hotel
I was wondering if you knew what the status
of that was
LIZA PADEN So the Kaya Ka Hotel I
dont remember exactly when the Special
Permit was granted by the Planning Board but
theres been a Special Permit for the use and
some dimensional changes in the Overlay
District which were the result of the
rezoning for that particular Zoning District
And then they came back for an amendment to
9
the Planning Board to address the valet
parking arrangement that they wanted to have
in the basement and they had to reconfigure
the driveway because their desire to have a
shared driveway with the abutter it fell
through So that Special Permit I dont
know if you remember but at the end of the
year for the last three years I believe
theyve come in and theyve requested an
extension of the Special Permit So thats a
valid permit and its -- the expiration date
is now December of 2013
H THEODORE COHEN And the article
indicated they were about to start
construction
LIZA PADEN Right We have not
seen the construction drawings yet and we
havent reviewed them for the conditions of
the Planning Board Special Permit
10
H THEODORE COHEN And on another
matter I recommend to all my colleagues and
all the public to take a look at the church
next to Lesley University which is undergoing
a lot of activity and it looks like its
about to be moved shortly
Do you have any timing on that
LIZA PADEN No But Lesley
University has an extensive construction site
that theyve put up on-line and they have an
overall construction plan that covers the
entire duration of the construction and then
they have the next two weeks in action So
theres also an e-mail list that you can
access there and get put on updates of when
they send out the updates every week youll
get an update
H THEODORE COHEN Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL I guess well take a
11
ten or an eight minute recess until 720 for
our next scheduled business
LIZA PADEN Right
(A short recess was taken)
(William Tibbs seated)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay the magic hour
has arrived It is now 720 and we can go on
to our 720 public hearing Planning Board
case 282 533 Putnam Avenue
GREGORY COLLING Hi Would it be
better if I placed the boards facing the
audience I didnt bring an easel with me
HUGH RUSSELL Liza will assist you
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
My name is Greg Colling Im an
architect with Merrimack Design based in
Amesbury Massachusetts and Im representing
Lianne Bensley Shes the owner of 533
Putnam Avenue Shes unfortunately unable to
12
attend this evening but several members of
her family are here on her behalf
So 533 Putnam Avenue is on -- well
Putnam Avenue between Brookline and Acorn
Street Its on the south side of Putnam
Avenue Its roughly a 5000 square foot
lot It has a Victorian half house on one
side Its a half a house Its built in
1869 Its a second empire house And then
on the left side of the lot is a one-story
storefront building that has a series of six
garage bays on the back side of it that have
been added That was built initially in
1922
The abutting properties are 539 Putnam
Avenue Its a triple decker Its a green
triple decker on the left And then the
other abutting properties are on Acorn Street
which is behind the half house
13
LIZA PADEN This is Acorn
GREGORY COLLING And its also --
the corner touches 285 Brookline The
propertys been owned by Li Bensley since
1996 Her husband whos now deceased ran a
construction business with Li and they ran
that business there until 2004 And she
subsequently moved out of Cambridge and has
been renting the Victorian house The half
house is actually two dwelling units And
then the one-story accessory structure is --
has two tenants and it has a business tenant
Its a non-conforming use The residence is
in a Residence C District
So the owner is proposing to convert
the non-conforming accessory structure into a
single-family owner-occupied residence which
is non-conforming Its because there are
two units already on the property So this
14
would be a -- were proposing to add a third
unit on the property
And in addition to adding a third unit
on the property were proposing a reduction
in parking Currently there is a driveway a
12-foot driveway that goes from the front of
the lot to the back There isnt sufficient
turning radius to enter the garage bays
because of an egress stair and a deck that
was built in the yard so currently its used
as tandem parking for the business tenants
According to the owner the two apartment
tenants do not use the driveway at all
So were hoping to -- that youll
allow us to convert this non-conforming
structure into a single-family residence
Were proposing to have two tandem parking
spaces for the use of the owner which I
understand that tandem parking isnt allowed
15
or its not recognized as a legal parking
space So it would be in effect were
continuing the same amount of parking which
is one legal parking space on that property
In addition were providing bicycle parking
on the property for three bicycle spaces
And there is also -- theres a map that weve
brought that shows the bus stations that are
nearby There are two bus routes that are
nearby and also Zipcar locations and theres
a grocery store thats within walking
distance
So we feel that our proposal will
minimally impact the neighborhood We feel
that taking a non-conforming accessory
structure thats deteriorated and
underutilized and turning that into a
single-family residence will be an
enhancement to the neighborhood and to the
16
community
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
STEVEN WINTER May I ask a
question
I want to make sure that I know which
building which place youre talking about
and Im just trying to get my head around
what it is and where it is Is this the
structure that used to be a news distribution
-- newspaper distribution back in the day
Does anybody know that
MEMBER FROM THE AUDIENCE Yes
STEVEN WINTER So I know what that
is now So the only work that were talking
about doing is not to the larger structure
which is owned by the proponent but the work
is on that series of --
GREGORY COLLING Correct
17
STEVEN WINTER -- spaces And is
it to renovate existing bricks and mortar or
is it to tear down and build new
GREGORY COLLING Were proposing to
reuse the existing structure and not tear it
down We do have to remove -- in the rear
corner the deterioration is such that we have
to replace the masonry in the back of the
building But were proposing to work within
the existing structure Were not proposing
any changes to the front of the bidding other
than taking out a door on the side and
replacing that with a window to match the
storefront And we are proposing a
three-foot overhang on the driveway side
which is invisible really to any any
adjacent properties as a covered entry
STEVEN WINTER And is this is the
plan then for one single story not two
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stories
GREGORY COLLING Correct Were
not proposing a second story Were working
with then the existing volume structure
STEVEN COHEN In your application
you describe this as being an owner-occupied
Is that the plan that the three units will
remain under common ownership Its not
being you know the lots being subdivided
or condoized or --
GREGORY COLLING No the owner uses
the other two existing residential units on
the property for rental income and then she
will continue that and she will be living in
the one-story accessory structure
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre requesting a
third unit on the site but also all the units
will be less than the minimum area size is
that correct
19
GREGORY COLLING Right theyre
less than 1800 square feet per unit Right
WILLIAM TIBBS Okay
HUGH RUSSELL This is a 528
proposal on a conversion of a non-residential
structure for residential use so its looked
at differently There the rule is that you
can divide the structure into 1100 square
foot units
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL And the actual gross
area is for 300 units -- 320 square feet is
going to be one unit so it meets that
standard
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
(Ahmed Nur Seated)
HUGH RUSSELL So the relief youre
seeking is a conversion reduction of the
20
required parking and 5822 and thats
(inaudible) The third thing is the getting
the third unit by Special Permit process not
by a Variance process
GREGORY COLLING It was recommended
by the Building Inspector that I go through
the Special Permit process rather than try to
seek a variance
HUGH RUSSELL Shall we go to public
testimony
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have two
quick questions
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
TOM SIENIEWICZ Sorry two quick
questions One the openings on the it
would be looks like the east side of the
property the window openings those are
existing the ones that are close to the
property
21
GREGORY COLLING Correct
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay And then can
you just --
STEVEN WINTER Which ones are
these Could you point that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ The ones at the top
of the drawing
STEVEN WINTER Yes okay Thank
you
LIZA PADEN This is the shared
property line
TOM SIENIEWICZ And then the
extension of the three-foot overhang on the
-- over the door is --
GREGORY COLLING Want me to point
that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ If you could just
point that out
GREGORY COLLING Yeah that
22
proposed cantilever roof is right here This
is the existing two-family house thats on
the property
TOM SIENIEWICZ Yes
And so then in terms of the open space
how does that divide up relative to the
units on the -- is it assigned to one of
every unit
GREGORY COLLING Its assigned to
this unit
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Are there any other
questions
STEVEN WINTER Actually I do
Mr Chair just one more
The smaller dark square does that
represent a part of the buildings on the
property Its down towards the bottom
LIZA PADEN This
23
STEVEN WINTER Yes that
GREGORY COLLING Thats an abutting
property Thats 186
STEVEN WINTER Thats not what
were talking about
GREGORY COLLING Correct
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Okay so were going
to go to public testimony And by
coincidence the first person to speak is
Mark Sullivan who lives at (Inaudible) Go
to the podium and give your name and your
address
MARK SULLIVAN Good evening Im
Mark Sullivan the owner and occupier of 6
and 8 Acorn Street which is the black square
on the plan that we see there My wife Ann
and I own 6 and 8 Acorn Street Weve -- in
October will be 29 years in the neighborhood
24
That property is very familiar to me We
look out every morning as I make coffee and
all of our -- all three the bedrooms in the
house are very very closely directly
overlook the yard part of the property And
thats thats where most of my questions
relate to for this renovation And this is
the first time Ive been involved in such a
process so Im -- pardon me if Im not asking
the right questions whatever they may be
I guess -- so theres a couple of
things that Im interested to know about if
theres a possibility given this building is
unusual and theres a request for a you
know a different approach if in that case
any setback requirements are different
Because if we if we look on the plan the
yard plan that hedge that is close to my
house -- I dont think that property line has
25
been surveyed in the 29 years that Ive been
there And it just seems to me that -- and
if Im correct it almost looks like theres
some surveyor marks on some of the other
sides of the plan
GREGORY COLLING We had the
property surveyed
MARK SULLIVAN The property between
Liannes property and mine I didnt see
numbers here
GREGORY COLLING I believe it was
HUGH RUSSELL With the Boards
indulgence I think we can allow this sort of
dialogue
TOM SIENIEWICZ Thats fine
GREGORY COLLING This is your
property right here and you have space behind
your house
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
26
GREGORY COLLING The property line
is right against the party wall
MARK SULLIVAN Okay so that survey
was done recently
GREGORY COLLING Right
MARK SULLIVAN So with the
plantings that are proposed the -- one of my
concerns is being able to access the rear of
my house for necessary repair you know
painting etcetera etcetera Currently its
a wooden deck which you can see in I think
its your photo 10 that you have in the
package which will also give you an idea of
how close we are in this little enclave So
my concern is obviously not wanting to cause
any damage to that if -- and I do need to do
some renovations to the exterior of my house
quite shortly So again Im wondering if
the plan is to bring those plantings right to
27
the property line or whatever required you
know inward movement or setback might be in
this particular case
GREGORY COLLING Well I think we
showed for privacy purposes we showed a
hedge thats on thats against the property
line It wouldnt extend over your property
but its on -- against that boundary
MARK SULLIVAN Right And how high
does that going to be
GREGORY COLLING We havent
determined that yet but Im sure thats
something we can work out with Li
MARK SULLIVAN The other thing I
just wanted to call to attention is going to
be the use of the yard and the materials
used I mentioned some concern about noise
Ive spoken to Lianne you know certainly I
certainly dont think shes going to be
28
having the sorts of parties that previous
tenants have had Weve also have had a
break-in on our first floor which is why you
see grates on the window But you know
those were past days But because of the
way you know the buildings kind of create
this amplified almost noise effect Im
just -- Lianne said that theres going to be
maybe a crushed stone material used
GREGORY COLLING Yeah there will
be permeable surface back there and theres
one paved portion of the area thats closer
to the building
MARK SULLIVAN And then something
also I dont see in the plan I guess the
language thats used is the work will be --
will occur entirely within the footprint of
the building But in my view theres going
to be significant demolition and new
29
construction required in that yard area So
I wonder you know if theres a plan on how
long thats going to -- when that might
start How long that might go on What the
nature of that work might be Again thats
its literally right under our noses so I
would just like to understand what that might
look like
GREGORY COLLING Well again our
primary focus has been to get through the
Special Permit process and we developed a
plan Theres more work that needs to be
done to develop the landscape but we have a
proposal here that we brought to this meeting
and thats you know basically a schematic
plan for what we intend to do And Im sure
that you know we have we can work with you
if you have an issue with the hedge but I
think were again were improving the
30
space Were taking out that wood deck
thats rotted thats with the garbage cans
back there And were planning on creating a
nice space that I think youll be pleased
MARK SULLIVAN It will look a whole
lot better than it looks currently And
again the -- and so the other related issue
when I spoke with Lianne and I mentioned this
to you that this air conditioning unit
thats shown in the exterior that she did
say her plan is to move it under the stairs
but since that is not shown in this kind of
drawing you know I would have a great
interest in that occurring because of the
you know the noise that comes right up from
that fairly large unit and we hear it we
certainly hear it in our house And its
great that she says that she plans to do
that But I just wonder how that would be
31
kind of confirmed through the planning and
the iteration
HUGH RUSSELL We can do that We
can make that a condition of a permit
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
Will there be any air conditioning
units on the roof
GREGORY COLLING Not to my
knowledge
MARK SULLIVAN And is there any
outdoor lighting plan
GREGORY COLLING We havent
developed an outdoor lighting plan other than
to have recessed lights at the cantilevered
roofs Just two little spots that light and
demarcate the entrance to the building
MARK SULLIVAN Uh-huh
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh youve asked
our indulgence but I think we should proceed
32
on
HUGH RUSSELL Continue on
WILLIAM TIBBS And the conversation
youre having you can continue to have
and --
STEVEN WINTER And you should
WILLIAM TIBBS -- but we need to
get back on this
MARK SULLIVAN Great thank you
very much
HUGH RUSSELL Okay Does anyone
else wish to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I see no one
wanting to speak So now we will discuss
this proposal
STEVEN COHEN Well Ill start if
nobody else will Its currently a
non-conforming use a non-conforming
33
dimensionally in many respects And with the
changes I dont think any of the
non-conformities are being exacerbated In
many respects from the use to the open space
that the situation is being improved in
almost every aspect I think its a great
way to use this non-conforming structure and
I think its a great idea great proposal
and a great plan for this lot
HUGH RUSSELL Bill
WILLIAM TIBBS I guess I have a
question for the proponent You said that
the -- all the open space was going to be
used by the converted unit and so theres no
open space available for the existing two
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
Theres safe access on to the property for
the two rental units but the rear yard will
be private and dedicated to the proposed
34
residence
WILLIAM TIBBS And how is the open
space being used currently by those tenants
GREGORY COLLING It isnt Its
basically a trash storage area
WILLIAM TIBBS What about the wood
deck
GREGORY COLLING And the wood deck
to my knowledge I havent seen it used
WILLIAM TIBBS I mean what was its
purpose What were the users of the deck
Was it a commercial --
GREGORY COLLING Im not sure
WILLIAM TIBBS Was it commercial
use
SAM BENSLEY People would go out
there and have a drink and tenants in the
building
WILLIAM TIBBS The tenants --
35
HUGH RUSSELL Could you give us
your name please
SAME BENSLEY Sam Bensley
WILLIAM TIBBS Other than for me
the idea of the renovation makes sense Not
allowing the tenants who even though they
may not have used it that deck obviously was
there for their use to -- when you have we
typically like to see if there are units on
the property that all of the units there have
some benefit from the open space
GREGORY COLLING Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS Actually can I say
something My name is Chris Williams Im
Ms Bensleys brother
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS And I think I can
point out a couple of things Firs it that
there is a front yard to the two-unit
36
building Its very small And the leases
that weve written for both of the two
tenants do not include the yard at all They
only include the rental unit itself So
they dont even really have access to the
backyard They havent really used it as Sam
said And they dont use it now
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre saying that
the existing leases --
CHRIS WILLIAMS The existing leases
do not --
WILLIAM TIBBS -- theyre not
allowed to use --
CHRIS WILLIAMS They dont allow
them to use the yard The only lease is to
the actual unit itself and not to the yard
GREGORY COLLING Obviously privacy
having a private outdoor space is important
to the owner
37
WILLIAM TIBBS Its also important
to other people too
GREGORY COLLING Right
PAMELA WINTERS Yes
HUGH RUSSELL Its not completely
private because of Mr Sullivans house So
its a you know a semi-private space
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL One that I would
characterize most peoples yards in
Cambridge
GREGORY COLLING Semi-private
HUGH RUSSELL Yes You may control
who comes into it but many people look at
the open spaces
Steve
STEVEN WINTER The semi-private
concept is very nice I like that And it
really is living in a dense urban
38
environment Believe me theres going to be
interaction and contact between the people in
the windows and the people on the ground I
mean theres -- theyre neighbors and thats
going to happen so we want to make it the
best experience for all of them
I need clarification on the rooftop
mechanicals So I need for the proponent to
say clearly there are no rooftop mechanicals
or there are rooftop mechanicals and this is
what they are So thats simply something
that we need clarification on
And I -- I -- just because it was
brought up I think that we are going to need
clarification on the existing lease defining
the tenants access to the side yards Now
Im not sure what I would say if it didnt
say that but I think as long as its been
brought forward we just need to confirm
39
that I feel And if my colleagues feel
differently you know just tell me and I
realize Im being in a bad mood today or
whatever it is we can do that
And I think the lighting is also really
important to us And weve got a lot of
folks in the city who are concerned about the
lighting
Mr Chair is there a -- theres a
lighting plan that the proponent can provide
us right that shows where the lights are
and what directions they go that would assure
us and the neighbors that the lighting will
not interfere with their private spaces
HUGH RUSSELL Such a plan could be
prepared and shown to Mr Sullivan and it
could you know discuss it and come to an
understanding of what made sense and it can
be submitted to us or submitted as a
40
condition you know of the vote I think my
preference is since I dont hear you know
much opposition tonight there are details to
be worked out but the concept seems to be
acceptable So Id rather not you know
delay our approval by a month or six weeks
but Id like to have a process to make sure
that the details are worked out that
Mr Sullivan has consulted and has an
opportunity to discuss his matters with his
abutter And I think whats been represented
to us is that the outdoor space is more
diametric than the Zoning of the building and
its not surprising that we would do that
STEVEN WINTER Okay let me then --
let me take off the table confirming that the
leases -- to the tenant leases define whether
they can or cannot I think Im okay with
that And I concur Mr Chair with what you
41
had said but I do believe that we need to be
respectful of Mr Sullivans areas of
interest which are accessing the rear of his
house the height of the hedges the use of
the yard materials and its permeability that
are next to him and noise related
particularly the air conditioning unit I
think those are real concerns
GREGORY COLLING Sure
STEVEN WINTER I also agree this is
a great plan Its a wonderful use Its a
family that you know has been in Cambridge
for a long time and I think its -- and it
reuses a building in quite a nice way I
congratulate you on the design
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
STEVEN WINTER So yes I concur
And I wouldnt mind voting it appropriately
tonight to move it forward but I do want to
42
make sure that Mr Sullivan is taken care of
PAMELA WINTERS Could I just say
one thing I concur with what Steve just
said and particularly living so close to the
air conditioning that could be really
bothersome
GREGORY COLLING I understand
PAMELA WINTERS Yes And also the
height of the hedge just because Ive gone
through this myself you know this issue
myself You know do you have any idea as to
what kind of hedging or height you want to
put in there
GREGORY COLLING It would probably
be a hue thats shoulder height
PAMELA WINTERS Hues are great
And hues grow to be eight feet tall and
theyre inexpensive So that might be a good
choice
43
And I dont have any trouble with the
tandem parking so I just wanted to mention
that too
And also I think its important for the
abutter to get into you know if he has to
have some roofing done or something done on
the side of his house its important for him
to get into that little area
GREGORY COLLING Im sure that Li
would be amenable to working with Mark on
that
PAMELA WINTERS Great Okay
HUGH RUSSELL Its a practical
matter if its only the width between
Mr Sullivans house and the hedge it
appears to me the width of a kitchen counter
So its about two feet You cant actually
put a ladder up against the house in two
feet so theyre going to have to work
44
together And you know when I trim my
wisteria I put my ladder on my next-door
neighbors property and you know sometimes
I ask her and sometimes I assume the
permission thats been granted in the past
carries over You know if hes planning to
do some work it might be smart to maybe not
plant the hedge until the work is done if
that you know if that can be worked out as
an arrangement
GREGORY COLLING Well typically
the landscape work is the last piece thats
done so that might be something that we can
work out I think -- I wasnt aware that
Mark had a concern about the location of the
condenser and were certainly more than happy
to work with him and address any of his
concerns And Im sure Li you know shes a
great neighbor and I think that shed be more
45
than happy to address any of Marks concerns
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I propose that
we attach a condition that the air
conditioner be you know removed at some
distance from the property line
PAMELA WINTERS I agree
HUGH RUSSELL A distance maybe
being a width of the L on the half house
STEVEN COHEN If I could add one
comment about that condenser Frankly if
its a loud condenser moving it even that
distance isnt going to make an enormous
amount of difference I think the real key
to the condenser is not as much the location
but getting a quiet condenser And Im not
quite sure what the Cambridge noise ordinance
says about the noise level of condenser but
theyre available extremely quiet nowadays
and I dont know that its within our
46
jurisdiction to actually specify the decibel
level here But I think under the
circumstances and just being a good neighbor
with a fellow whos already expressed a
concern about it I think you would be well
advised to find an extremely quiet condenser
They cost a few bucks more but not a whole
lot more and it would make a world of
difference
As for the property line it is what it
is It is where it is Theres nothing we
can do to change that And frankly if the
tenants under the leases have rights to
outdoor space theres nothing that we can do
here to in any way compromise their rights
under those leases But maybe we can
encourage to do something about the noise
from the condenser
GREGORY COLLING I think thats
47
something thats -- that we certainly can
work with Mark on
STEVEN WINTER May I remind the
Chair just to be a timekeeper we are at
eight oclock We are at ten till eight and
just to remind the Chair that we are working
hard to stay on the schedule
HUGH RUSSELL So we can dilly
dally around for six minutes because
otherwise well have to take another break
But Ahmed did you want to say
something
AHMED NUR Okay I think most of
the points have been covered by my colleagues
definitely for the approval of this
renovation One concern that I share with --
and I think a lot of people said the same
thing but Im concerned with Mark Sullivans
case The rear of the house Im assuming
48
the shrubs the houses are too close So
wherever the property line might be for the
surveyors I mean trees outgrow and you dont
want to cover (inaudible) And obviously by
rule hes going to come down to chop it
Its his right to do that
GREGORY COLLING Right Theres an
access alley for servicing the facade of that
house on the property Theres about a three
foot path against the house
AHMED NUR And also I cant really
see whether that facade where the shrubs are
where the east or southern sun and if its
going to be eight foot tall it might block or
overshadow his kitchen or whatever it is near
the rear of the house
GREGORY COLLING I dont think the
hedge was planned to be eight feet
AHMED NUR Okay
49
MARK SULLIVAN May I speak
AHMED NUR Mark wants to speak
MARK SULLIVAN Just to make a
comment clear Im not interested in an eight
foot hedge either because I think the space
will look quite nice And as you folks have
summarized you know our concerns are
primarily noise some of which we can easily
work out with Lianne and some is mechanical
To be able to borrow an improved view would
be nice
HUGH RUSSELL Ready to act on this
Would someone like to put forward the motion
referring to the application for the specific
relief sought
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair Id like
to -- and fellow Board Members Id like to
make a motion that the application for a
Special Permit to convert a non-residential
50
structure to residential use to reduce the
amount of required parking and to occupy the
lot with more dwelling units than would be
allowed dimensionally The conventional C
Zoning District dimensional regulations be
allowed based on the findings of this Board
and also on conditions as discussed by this
Board Im not sure what they are at the
moment specifically but relating
specifically to conversations that he will
have with his immediate abutter relating to
concerns about lighting and sound and
landscaping details And maintenance access
rights over the property Thats the motion
BRIAN MURPHY So moved
H THEODORE COHEN Second
HUGH RUSSELL I heard Teds second
first
Is there discussion on the motion
51
All those in favor of the motion
(Raising hands)
HUGH RUSSELL All members voting in
favor And thats it
Thank you for a very clear presentation
and a great architectural job
GREGORY COLLING Thank you very
much
(A short recess was taken)
HUGH RUSSELL All right we can
begin now on the next item on the agenda
which is a discussion of a recommendation on
the Teague Petition on light trespass And
we had a public hearing and before we made
comments those comments were referred to the
staff And Jeff Roberts and other people on
the staff have thought about those and come
back with a written response to what we
brought to them So I think what wed like
52
to do is start with Jeff presenting the work
that hes done and the thinking and the
rationale behind it Then well ask
Mr Teague to respond to that and then we
will decide what were going to say to the
Council
So please proceed
JEFF ROBERTS Thank you Mr Chair
Jeff Roberts CDD
I just wanted to briefly go over mostly
just the proposed modifications which are in
the package that we sent to the Board It
starts following the text of the draft
recommendation On the text of the draft
recommendation itself is as we tend to do
sometimes we take the Boards comments and
form it into a draft recommendation And
certainly were all open to hearing the
Boards comments and suggestions about
53
revisions that we can then take back and
modify as the Board wishes But I wanted to
take a moment to go over some of the proposed
text that comes after -- the Zoning text that
comes after that in order to address some of
the questions because some questions have
come up since this came out We wanted to
try to address those right off the bat
In general the intent of the proposed
modifications is to retain the same overall
scope as the petition and to create some
clearer standards that rely less on
discretionary enforcement That was an issue
that the Planning Board raised at the last
hearing But one of the considerations that
we have is to keep within the scope of the
initial petition and not to deviate largely
from that scope which would require a
possible re-advertisement of the petition
54
The one particular issue thats come up
that we have -- I feel that we maybe havent
addressed fully is the question of how this
applies to existing lighting And this is
a -- this is an issue thats covered broadly
in Zoning by the state laws that enable
Municipal Zoning Rules and this comes from
Chapter 40A Section 6 of the state laws
which says -- and Im skipping a little bit
but basically says A Zoning Ordinance or
by-law shall not apply to structures or uses
lawfully in existence or lawfully begun but
shall -- before that Zoning change was
adopted but shall apply to any change or
substantial extension of such use to any
reconstruction extension or structural
change of such structure and to any
alteration of a structure to provide for its
use for a substantially different purpose or
55
for the same purpose in a substantially
different manner that was substantially
greater extent And thats the overall
framework within which the Zoning Ordinance
is written
In Cambridge the Zoning Ordinance we
also have Article 8 which is a which is a
general set of standards on non-conformity
which starts with that state law provision
and adds some other instances where for one
reason or another the City allows
non-conforming structures or non-conforming
uses to continue in certain specific ways
So based on this overall framework
its our understanding that whether the
original petition language were put forward
or in the case of the modified language it
would apply to new buildings new uses and
significant alterations that -- to buildings
56
or to lighting and would not compel existing
property owners who installed their lighting
you know in a way that was legal at the
time before this petition was advertised
would not compel them to change their
lighting or to take down any existing
fixtures
In fact the proposed text is meant to
clarify that the non-conformity rules
wouldnt necessarily apply to maintain an
existing non-conforming lighting light when
you do when you do significant alterations
to a building So its meant to clarify that
any change you make to a building to a use
or to the lighting on a building has to be
brought into conformance with what the new
regulations are
So thats just one overall piece And
then Id like to just take a quick step
57
through some of the -- what the provisions
actually are And it says it says Page 1
of 6 where it starts but its several pages
into the document Im sorry about the page
numbering
The first page covers the definitions
which are included thats included in the
original petition There are some small
changes for clarity and directness of
application Some additions borrowed
from other -- which weve borrowed a little
bit by looking at other Ordinances that had
been actually brought up at the public
hearings and Ive spent a little bit of time
looking through those and comparing the
standards that are proposed with standards
that are in existence in some other places
and some that might have been held up as
models And in particular thats the
58
standards having to do with the illuminance
rating and the illuminance and that factors
in later on So Ill just skip ahead with
that
On page 2 the applicability again
makes it clear where were enforcing these
standards which would be really any in any
instance where Zoning rules do apply And we
included some exceptions in response to the
Planning Boards comment about will this be
possibly too extensive or have unintended
consequences Some of these exceptions are
present in the original petition Some have
been added For instance in A where it
talks about city lighting thats a provision
thats suggested to make sure that the City
essentially doesnt get in its own way For
instance if there was a situation in a
public park where the neighbors were
59
concerned about safety and made a request to
the City to increase lighting the Citys
hands wouldnt then be tied by its own
Ordinance to be able to respond to that kind
of a public concern
Indoor lighting is included because I
think that in most other Ordinances the
illumination standards do specify outdoor
lighting Indoor lighting can be very
difficult to enforce If somebody put a lamp
in their window would you then have to take
a Zoning enforcement action Its a
difficult scenario in which to try to apply a
Zoning enforcement
And the abandon new provision was
actually one that was taken from -- which is
on page 3 I believe was taken -- it was a
suggestion thats included from other
Ordinances again to try to to the extent
60
possible facilitate the replacement of old
non-conforming fixtures with with newer
conforming fixtures and not to allow people
to use the fact that the light hasnt been --
its been sort of not on for a long time to
then do something that might not otherwise be
in conformance
The rest of page 3 makes it makes a
change in the language on the regulation to
clarify that whats being regulated are the
things that cause the light rather than light
itself thats being regulated It is more
straightforward in my opinion to regulate
physical fixtures and structures in a way
that can be directly observed and enforced
The overall regulation remains based on the
sort of the principle that was described by
the petitioner which is that you can
visually verify whether a light is -- is in
61
conformance or potentially not in
conformance And I think it was the Boards
suggestion that perhaps there could be a
recourse that then a property owner could
either then fix the problem or could provide
some evidence that the light actually is in
conformance with what those specific
standards are
We did I should note on again that
the burden really would be on the installer
And under B I think as well as A and C on
that page we can you know we can add the
text that the installer has demonstrated I
think that would be your reasonable standard
that was just as a clerical matter It was
just left out of the text
The -- there was a comment that about
the half a foot candle 05 foot candles and
in terms of whether that was a too high a
62
standard There are other -- there are
actually a range of standards that are used
in many other Ordinances They have
different standards that apply to different
zones and different districts and to be
consistent with the petition were trying to
figure out something that could apply
citywide So 05 may be you know may be on
the high end Other cities use 035 02
01 or sometimes as low as 005 but that
tends to be again where theres a
separation between residential districts and
non-residential districts And we can look
at that a little more or talk about that a
little more
And then I just wanted to make a
comment too because this was brought up in
723 thats retaining the existing text in
the Zoning I think there may have been some
63
confusion as to whether that is meant to
imply that this continues to only apply only
in Residence A B C and C1 districts which
is not the case The new regulations would
apply citywide If there was concern about
these regulations and whether or not they
would apply to other districts such as
Residence C-2 we could add Residence C-2 to
that list as an amendment to that text but
the petition didnt actually amend that text
so we left it we left it as is
Another consideration is to say that
the new regulation supersedes the old
regulation and maybe theres no need to have
it at all and it could be deleted
The next page on page 4 is -- it talks
about enforcement And this is again based
on the -- its the sort of core of the
petition that this should be a
64
complaint-driven enforcement There is a
general provision Article 9 of the Zoning
for a person to to request a Zoning
enforcement and this is just a way to
provide some more detail to that process
where in this particular case were looking
at this as a special case there would be a
process of recording a specific item and then
having the owner have a chance to respond and
then at that point being able to move forward
with other avenues of Zoning enforcement just
to provide opportunities where these issues
can be resolved in a straight forward manner
There is one note one comment that was
made to me that it says in 7242 the owner
of any property intends and it actually is
true that in the Zoning its not necessarily
a property owner but any aggrieved person
So it could be a renter who could file that
65
kind of complaint So that would be a
recommended change to this That is to say
instead of the owner of any property just any
individual could make that request
The rest of it is very similar to the
petition We did add one note that says that
just to -- I guess a clarifying note and
its on page 6 where the -- they talk about
parking regulations that the lighting must
conform to the requirements of Article 7
Again just to kind of button things up And
there was a question also that was raised
about I think outside of this it wasnt in
the petition but whether one foot -- what is
one foot candle be the appropriate standard
recommended standard for a parking lot And
its a question thats difficult to answer
but it it may be worth the Citys
consideration at some point --
66
HUGH RUSSELL When we do parking
lots half a free candle is the lowest level
You look at -- because the light is much
brighter under the luminaire theres a
minimum number and theres a ratio between
the brightest and the least bright portion
because of that ratio gets very high the eye
adjusts and so you have to keep that range
down But for that reason I would think
spilling a half a foot candle on somebody
elses property which is a reasonable
standard for a parking lot would be an
unreasonable spill standard And I think we
should not be allowed to spill as much light
as would allow your next-door neighbor to
have in a parking lot So maybe it should
be you know substantially lower and maybe a
02 setting you know And it certainly
worked under Ordinances where its 01 but
67
youre in more suburban locations where its
more easy to achieve that
MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE Can you
turn the volume up on the microphone so we
can hear you better
HUGH RUSSELL Ill try to move
closer to the microphone You werent here
earlier when we were having the feedback
problems Im hoping we can go back to our
regular meeting room sooner rather than later
where its a little bit easier there
So sorry Jeff I interrupted you
JEFF ROBERTS Thats fine
I think thats actually a good point
to you know in order for me to stop and to
let the Board ask questions or respond
HUGH RUSSELL So I guess my
question is based on the public testimony
many people came in and they said theres
68
this awful wall pack that somebody put up a
while ago and its really annoying And what
Im hearing you say is that because of the
way that the Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning
enabling network we cant we cant solve
that problem Is there a way to solve that
through the municipal lighting or should we
recommend to the Council that they pursue
that question Because to me its you know
having been the victim of wall packs in the
past and I got my neighbor to do a pretty
good job of fixing it eventually but I --
personally Im aware of that and I think we
heard this testimony And so is -- how do
you -- is it possible to deal with that if
you cant do it in Zoning some other way
JEFF ROBERTS Well Im not -- I
have to admit first that Im not an expert on
non-zoning legal matters but I can tell you
69
what Ive found in you know in just my
reading
Well first of all there is a
Municipal Code which is separate from the
Zoning Ordinance which doesnt it is not
established under Chapter 40-A but does
still have to adhere to any superseding state
laws or regulations so And again Im
not well enough versed in that to give
specific answers I -- but for you know
there is an examine in Cambridge for
example where you can look at the noise
ordinance in Cambridge where that is part of
the Zoning Code and its not part of the
Zoning Ordinance and its treated and
enforced in a you know different mechanism
I do know that because it was
recommended by the Board to look at other
examples that we have looked at Newtons
70
Newton Mass Code and they do have
requirements in their Zoning that apply to
you know new development new lighting but
they also have a light trespass provision
within their Ordinance on I believe its
miscellaneous finds and offenses that
discusses the amount of light trespass thats
allowed on an adjacent property And I
cant I cant say because I dont have any
firsthand examples whether thats been used
to enforce enforce an Ordinance on a
situation that was pre-existing I just
got -- actually I just got through one of
their former plans They had experience of
reviewing it through site plan review for
Zoning and making sure the lighting is
conforming that way but not whether there was
enforcement done in a different way
HUGH RUSSELL Do we have other
71
questions for Jeff
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
Jeff I think you did a great job The staff
did a great job And first Ill go back to
the last issue which is I would make a
recommendation or suggestion to City Council
or the staff that somebody ask the Law
Department because I think it is indeed a
problem under the Zoning Enabling Act to try
to deal with pre-existing non-conforming uses
or structures and that whether one could as
an analog to the noise ordinance adopt a
light ordinance at the site of Zoning which
might be immediately applicable to existing
uses
I -- the first question I have is in
your Section 723 where theres the
reference at the very end Proposed addition
shall conform to the requirements of Section
72
722 above
Is that intended to bring in the as
written currently not exceed one half foot
candle at any point beyond the property line
JEFF ROBERTS Yes That added
language I would characterize it as sort of
a buttoning up Just to make it clear that
723 doesnt supersede 722 but rather that
this is a sort of an additional set of -- and
it remains as additional set of standards and
requirements that -- but that 722 also
applies with regard to the shielding and the
spill --
H THEODORE COHEN Right right I
just wanted it to be clear in my mind that if
there were some spill under 723 but it did
not exceed the half foot candle or whatever
standard was ultimately agreed upon that
that would be okay
73
JEFF ROBERTS I -- as long as it --
yes if it meets all -- if it meets all the
standards If its only -- if it is
continuous and of indirect note and other
definitions but if its -- if it prevents
direct light from any other property and
shall conform -- oh Im sorry now I
understand what youre asking
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not view --
JEFF ROBERTS 723 supersedes 722
Well that may be that may be a concern I
guess if it is -- if that if that language
creates ambiguity --
H THEODORE COHEN Let me rephrase
it
JEFF ROBERTS Yes
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not -- in going after the people who
74
we really want to go after we are not making
every property owner every house owner who
has got a house you know with a light two
feet from their abutting property owners
property line is not going to be in violation
of this if it complies with whatever minimal
standard has been written into the Ordinance
And so as I read 722 if it wasnt more than
05 foot candle if you know that was okay
and I wanted to be clear that under 723 the
same standard would apply
JEFF ROBERTS Yes I would say that
is the intent But I think youve noted
something that could potentially being
resolved an ambiguity that could be resolved
by the text
H THEODORE COHEN Okay I dont
have the you know the knowledge or
background to say what the right level is
75
Ill have to take you know Hughs or
staffs determination of what is the proper
level
The comment you made on 7242
changing owner of any property to an
individual gives me some discomfort because
the way its been written now it relates as
you know a lot of Special Permits or Zoning
enforcement relates to aggrieved party within
300 feet or abutters to abutters and just
changing it to an individual is not tieing it
to some particular location And so I would
ask that you think about that again if you
want to go away from the owner of a property
that it somehow -- I mean I mean we dont
-- we want people who have a legitimate right
to be able to complain about it but not
necessarily someone whos a half mile away
saying oh I dont like the way that light
76
looks when I drive by So I would just be
careful about that
I had been concerned about the
overreach of everything under the original
language And I still am concerned about the
fact that if you can see it it can be deemed
a violation but I think the provision youve
written in here in 7242 ameliorates my
concerns a lot that there is this whole
process so that were not going to have
frivolous complaints being made or complaints
that you know neighbors versus neighbors
who just happen to be right next to each
other and saying well you know your porch
light is too bright because I can see it So
Im much more comfortable with that
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have a
comment and a question Jeff and I also
wanted to compliment you on how carefully you
77
listened and how much better this is since
the last time we saw it I think its worth
emphasis that the issue of standing which is
sort of cemented in the law of Zoning really
be more carefully articulated here I too
am uncomfortable about straining from that
issue Its abutters and abutters to
abutters and the 300-foot radius is I think
what I would be looking for in terms of
aggrieved parties as a definition But the
thing that Im missing the most I think
from a nearly perfect redrafted section here
and looking at the Section 641 at the end
which is entitled Purpose made me think
that I was missing that in the illumination
section sort of just a general couple of
sentences at the beginning to say why are we
concerned about this in the city of
Cambridge And obviously were concerned
78
about the spilling of light on to adjacent
properties and the effect it might have on
the ability of those adjacent property owners
to enjoy their property And I think its
another thing missing And its interesting
that this diagram is up here on the screen
because the aggrieved party is gesturing at
the ground and looking at his neighbor But
actually theres another condition that the
section of the Ordinance could address which
is which is the night sky And I think that
thats another purpose of this Ordinance
which is to control the effective light
spilling up into the night sky which is an
issue of environmental concern increasingly
in this country and I think Cambridge should
take credit for and also highlight its
concern about the issue that light should not
unnecessarily spill into the night sky So I
79
really think the Ordinance and the diagram on
the right of the screen shows in fact the
lighting fixture thats doing both of those
things and thats correctly I think what we
should be concerned about And thank you
just two minor points
Thanks Jeff
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Well
first I want to say you talking about the
Rule of 40-A and the non-conforming
structures I think because this has come to
us from people who are dealing with this
problem now I would really like to see
included in your memo and the language that
you very carefully drafted with some changes
that my fellow board members that I think
articulated well Id like to see in our
memo a recommendation that City Council
really take up the approach that you
80
described Newton has which is that the
two-pronged approach The General Ordinance
to deal with the problem that is there now
where one property owner is creating a
nuisance for the other property owner so that
they can get some relief from existing
things but also that going forward we would
have that ongoing review and pro-active
dealing with this so that we dont create
those situations in the future
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes go ahead
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to agree
wholeheartedly with what you just said and
also I want to agree that I think we -- the
changes that you made to this from my
perspective are an improvement And I think
you hit upon a lot of the core issues that we
were concerned about The problem I think
81
that you have what you stated was within the
confines of a Zoning Petition You can only
change so much before it becomes something
else And I guess my recommendation would be
that the -- we actually look at with a
non-conforming piece it just -- its great
for new stuff but it doesnt do anything
about the current situation and I think
there may be some better mechanisms
So my recommendation would be that the
City really take this on but it actually
become a petition from -- that we work on to
get it right That would then you remember
at the first hearing I commented about the
fact that we probably -- it would be good to
have a consultant to help us with things half
of a lit candle versus something else And
if you had a city process where youre trying
to solve that you can do that So I think
82
as I said I think what this petition is
trying to do is very very good but Zoning
is always a proved mechanism to do it And I
am a little concerned Specifically I think
there is a -- Im concerned about what
constitutes a change Were talking about a
fixture versus a building so that -- and you
have the license that says if its new
construction yes But if youre altering or
changing it but what if you alter or change
the light fixture I mean that gets -- that
definition to me gets very unclear If a
light fixture is one light to the left and
they want to change it is that a change To
me it gets a little confusing The initial
standing I would agree also is the fact it
has to be and we just cant have people who
are renting and stuff like that this could
be a nightmare And I guess Im very
83
concerned about the the Section 2-point -- I
mean 7242 which is really the enforcement
piece And I think you will get a lot of
frivolous complaints They may not be
frivolous in the mind of the person
complaining but it may turn out to the
frivolous And even if it isnt frivolous
Im just concerned that it may get a lot I
mean the poor superintendent of buildings is
just going to get a lot of this stuff And
you know you get a complaint you have to
determine that the complaints valid Im
just concerned about that So I think you
know Municipal Code andor Zoning
combination just has a better approach to me
to solving as opposed to trying to just doing
it all
And thats all
PAMELA WINTERS Thanks Hugh
84
Is this on Im just curious I dont
know what a foot candle is How many watts
like for a bulb is it
JEFF ROBERTS Thats hard to say
So Ill try to do this in very laymens
terms Theres -- in lighting theres such
thing as theres luminance and then theres
illuminance And luminance is like your
bulb So if you have a 60-watt light bulb
thats -- I think somewhere around to
determine like 850 900 luminance which is
the -- because wattage is always different
depending on what kind of light you have
You measure the brightness of the light in
luminance and thats just the point source
of light
Illuminance means how much light youre
casting on something thats away So what --
the light that just that bulb is casting on
85
the floor or the wall is called illuminance
And its measured in -- foot candles are kind
of a weird unit I actually dont know how
it came about but its also I believe
equivalent to luminance per square foot So
its like imagining a light sort of creating
a wash over over a surface So its really
the intensity of the light spread over a
surface that its that its shining on So
you basically measure it and you use whats
called a lux meter You cant measure it if
you have sort of a room where you can just
turn on one light source you can hold up a
lux meter and get a reading on what the
illuminance is thats being a -- what that
means is that the further you get away from
the light source the illuminance or the foot
candles goes down And I should say too
and this could be a technical point that was
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made to me and addressed to me that the
illuminance is generally as a technical
standard is measured horizontally against the
ground and vertically on a you know sort of
up and down direction And that could be
also clarified in the Zoning I think as a
technical point just to make sure its
consistent with what the professional
standards are
PAMELA WINTERS Well I was just a
little bit concerned about 723 because I
know in our house we have a driveway that the
front unit uses and we do too And also we
have our back unit And if we didnt have
the lighting up there we have sort of a
two-pronged lighting fixture one which goes
to the driveway and one which goes into
behind the gate in our backyard It would
it would really it would be pitch black
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there and it would cause real security
issues But again its like we use --
like I dont know 50-watt bulbs so I dont
know what candle measurement would be but
you know we do try to you know we shine it
on those particular areas But Im sure some
of it you know does get reflected to some
of the neighbor -- I dont know
You know we also have an arbor and we
would put up Christmas lights around the
arbor all year actually and so -- we also
have plighting in the trees in our yard
HUGH RUSSELL Night sky
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah -- no no no
because the trees block the you know just
the trees block the --
STEVEN COHEN Youre going to jail
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah maybe I
shouldnt have said anything Anyway so I
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guess I have an issue about that So I dont
know do you have any comments on that
JEFF ROBERTS No I mean I
think --
STEVEN COHEN Walk away
JEFF ROBERTS Youve done a good
job of I think illustrating the complexity of
enforcing these regulations in a way
thats --
PAMELA WINTERS I know
JEFF ROBERTS -- this sets you
know a clear set of standards and is as a
complaint-driven enforcement mechanism So
if you went up and uninstalled that light and
if you were you know installing that you
know whatever after the Zoning was
advertised and someone had a complaint with
it they would hopefully come to you first
and see if you could redirect it and you
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know kind of give you their permission that
its okay But if not they could you know
they could -- if your light was not you
know shielded as its been described and
pointed downwards they could take a photo of
it send it to the Building Commissioner and
they could then they could ask you to verify
that your lighting is within the acceptable
parameters
PAMELA WINTERS Poor Building
Commissioner Boy Anyway go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Steve you want to
go
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair may I
speak
HUGH RUSSELL Go ahead
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
Mr Chair I simply wanted to concur that
with the general direction that the
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conversation is going I concur with my
colleagues And I also would like to echo
the sentiment that the presentation of the
Zoning and the side bar Jeff the
explanations in them have made this a really
good exercise Jeff thank you for that
HUGH RUSSELL Id like to comment
that first several board members havent
spoken yet and secondly we have the
proponent of the original petition before us
who has studied the subject and studied the
proposal before us and I think we need to
listen to him And we have other members of
the public here And since theres something
substantially different in our
recommendation we need to listen to them
So I think Steve and Ahmed and I have
some comments too
STEVEN COHEN Jeff to the extent
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that this is technical I dont have the
technical experience or knowledge to second
guess you And you seem to have made
yourself an expert in this area of lighting
over the passed few months But in general
on technical matters Im very much inclined
to defer to the analysis and research and
thought and efforts by you and the staff So
I think that youve done great on that The
thing to me thats most interesting and just
understand most important is this whole
question of non-conformity To the extent
that all of this is just prospective I think
it works reasonably well from every
perspective and including from an enforcement
perspective Its the non-conformities I
just want to ask you a little bit more about
first of all just under 40A6 as
interpreted as applied here what sort of
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changes would would bring a fixture out of a
legal non-conforming status Clearly
replacing the fixture its got to be brought
up to Code If youre making changes
alterations to the structure other than the
fixture does that at any point trigger a
requirement
JEFF ROBERTS Well it could And
thats the way weve essentially written it
to try to be as encompassing in scope as
possible to not provide any kind of
non-conformity exceptions that would allow
someone whos making an alteration that
requires a Building Permit or even an
Electrical Permit to install to install new
lighting To utilize the non-conformity
rules to be able to leave something up
thats not conforming
STEVEN COHEN So Im not sure Im
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understanding what youre saying So if
somebodys making a substantial change and --
but it doesnt involve the fixture are you
saying they do have to bring it into
conformity
JEFF ROBERTS If we -- in the
proposal that weve written --
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS -- and we have
specified that And if you do specify that
you can require that a property owner do
that
STEVEN COHEN And as youve
proposed it here what is the trigger point
I mean what is the extent of change that
would trigger the requirement
JEFF ROBERTS It would essentially
be that if youre it would be -- at least
the enforcement path would be you need to get
94
a permit for -- from Inspectional Services
to to make an alteration to the building or
to change the use of the building in a way
that it falls within that definition of where
Zoning regulations can apply And thats
and theres -- and its sort of laid out in
Article 8 of the Zoning It says that any
alteration to the exterior of the structure
any alteration of the structure to
accommodate a different use substantially
different use than whats there at the time
and any enlargement of a use those are
those are the types of things or any
enlargement of a building those are the
types of things that you then have to if you
do that you have to comply with Zoning
STEVEN COHEN So bear with me I
wanted to work through this a little bit If
Im adding an addition to my house then my
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lighting must -- all of the lighting must
comply If Im adding a window to my
existing house do I have to bring lighting
into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS If its just a
replacement of an existing window
STEVEN COHEN Say Im enlarging an
opening or adding a new window
JEFF ROBERTS Right Then that
would trigger a Zoning review for Zoning
compliance --
STEVEN COHEN So it has to be
brought into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS Right So thats the
way its currently written again to try to
maintain the expansiveness and the scope of
the petition thats been proposed But the
Zoning could specify could be more specific
about where you do and where you dont
96
require that lighting be brought into
conformance with the Zoning Code
STEVEN COHEN I mean obviously
youve put some thought into this and this is
what youre recommending Do you have any
concern that that might be an overly broad
requirement basically anybody doing anything
with their house other than painting or
repairs theyre going to have to bring all
their lighting into compliance Its more
than grandfathering everything Its not as
much as the proponents originally wished for
which is apply everywhere today I mean
whats your thought Do you see -- do you
have any concerns about this or are you
pretty comfortable and confident about that
recommendation
JEFF ROBERTS I would say that
there are concerns about that Its
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generally more strict than in other aspects
of Zoning where you may be allowed to
maintain an existing non-conformity as long
as the work -- thats sort of what I meant
when I referred to Article 8 Article 8 has
certain rules that say that you can if you
do some work that doesnt affect an existing
non-conformity then you can sort of keep
that non-conformity And the question is
really whats the desired outcome Is it to
just allow lighting to be replaced with
better lighting during the -- you know
during the natural course of its life Is
it you know burns out or no longer
functional or when youre -- or just when
youre building new buildings Or is it to
try as quickly as possible to bring as much
lighting as possible into conformance with
whats with whats desired
98
And I guess I can try to characterize
who because Ive had conversations with the
Building Commissioner the Superintendent
about what the what the impact is going to
be in terms of enforcement and it does
require some more strict requirements for
someone whos for instance you know just
changing the use of a building If they have
an office building and theyre putting in a
restaurant and they dont really want to
touch the outside of the building
Inspectional Services would still demand that
they show a lighting plan with all of their
existing lighting And if it doesnt
conform then show a plan that you know pay
whatever it costs to bring it into
compliance
STEVEN COHEN Just a couple more
quick questions
99
Again on the question of
non-conformity you know it struck me that
you know while some people might consider to
be onerous to have -- to bring all the
lighting up to compliance that maybe there
might be some basis for distinction between
commercial and residential uses And even
with residential perhaps between you know
multi-unit and structures and say three
families or smaller just a thought about
that possible distinction
And I guess one final thought unless
Im mistaken if my memory serves me
correctly the sign code and the sign
ordinance which I think is part of the
Zoning my recollection is that there is
there was something in there when it was
originally passed essentially a sunset type
law that for certain kinds of non-conforming
100
signs they were permitted to remain in
existence but only for a limited period of
time I dont know how that slipped under
40A unless maybe the sign ordinance deemed to
be non-zoning or under the police power or
something but it if Im right in my
recollection it might offer another avenue
for thought in the way of dealing with
non-conforming uses
WILLIAM TIBBS Can I just real
quick just as a follow up to just what you
were just saying I just -- I just want to I
guess you remind us that process-wise the
petitioner made a petition we made comments
and Jeff was trying to write stuff relative
to our comments I didnt want you to feel
that Jeff was making a recommendation back to
us Hes just making recommendations and to
us -- hes just trying to get some writing
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which reflects what he thought he was hearing
which I thought he did a very good job of
This isnt a proposal from the City to us
Its really a proposal as to how to change
the language within the parameters of the
permit process
STEVEN COHEN I see
WILLIAM TIBBS He has limits to
what he can do
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Thank you
Jeff you dont have to answer these
right now but I just want you to basically
give it a thought or maybe consider if its
not I really couldnt find the language but
I was wondering about lights and dynamics in
motion Such as the city grows in night with
cyclists that we have all these flashing
lights that are head on with cars and we
102
have the City of Cambridge -- we had the City
had after market head lamps you know you
see one thats manufactured correctly thats
illuminating beautifully and youll see a
tiny light of maybe even like a one foot
candle you know combination and also facing
the wrong way kind of blinding people so on
and so forth so I just thought of have you
thought about with traffic Thats one
And second comment that I wanted to
make is as engineers when we build buildings
we tend to have lights blend in with the
indoor or outdoor environment You know for
example if we were to put up a tile in a
sonar or something we would put the lighting
in first and then put the tile in so then we
can see the shadow it produces on the tile
You know as opposed to installing the tile
first and then putting the light in So
103
have you considered or will you consider the
architectural impact the lights might have on
an environment How hot it is in there
What type of material it is And is it
bundled material if the lights are shining on
a bundled material produce a shadow you
know type
Thats all
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I have four
comments I think its important that we not
restrict the complaint process to owners of
property because if youre a tenant in say
a multi-family building and youre aggrieved
because somebody -- you may be impossible to
convince the owner of your apartment building
to bring a complaint and there could be many
reasons why the owner might not
I think you mentioned the abutters and
abutters to abutters in Cambridge but maybe
104
expanding that to allow people who are at
least tenants to also bring those complaints
Historical note dark sky The largest
telescope in the world was located in
Cambridge Massachusetts in about 1855 And
that instrument is still in Cambridge
although its utilities have been somewhat
diminished both because its only 15 inches
in diameter and secondly the parking lot
lights around the observatory cut off three
magnitudes of what they can see through it
and the night sky I think we should
recommend the City in its consideration of
light trespass really need to hire experts
And I mean uses have repeatedly that think
the CE Department has the technical expertise
to really get the fine grain I think we do
not have that expertise and thats just
going to have to be part of the process And
105
I wouldnt want to hold up the enactment of
the Zoning piece but it might be that well
come back and say no youve got to make some
small adjustments to the Zoning in the
context of the other one We can do that
Fourth point is what triggers the
clients And I want to remind people of the
yellow sheet that we now get In order to do
almost anything to a house in the city
because almost every house is non-conforming
the exterior of the house has to go before
the Zoning Board and so you might want to
write in that when you make the trip to the
Zoning Board youve also got to demonstrate
that youre lighting
Changing light fixtures in the context
of a renovation plan isnt the huge part of
the plan but it might have a big impact on
the results to some of the people And if
106
the Zoning Board was also looking at that
these questions and asking those questions
during their reviews we might get some more
places where we -- that would be in effect
H THEODORE COHEN Just one
clarifying Jeff Im sorry In 723
theres a reference any permanent lighting
permitted by the pre-exempt shall be shall be
continuous and direct etcetera etcetera
Many of us have outdoor lighting for
driveways and porches that are on motion
detectors so that theyre only on when
somebody is entering or leaving is that
does the word continuous mean that things
like that would not be permitted
JEFF ROBERTS That was a question
that crossed my mind as well but not really
something that was included in the scope of
the petition so I didnt I didnt look into
107
that very closely to see how they enforce it
I dont believe that a motion sensor light is
considered a non-continuous light I think a
non-continuous light refers to flashing or
strobe I guess
HUGH RUSSELL You mentioned at some
point that possibly 723 (inaudible) is one
provision in it that it talks about the
decorative lighting that might be added in
the 722 list of things of exceptions And
as I think if -- we had several discussions
about what how do these two things work
together and youre thinking I think that
you could probably just delete 723 so that
that confusion didnt come up And take
whatevers in it that isnt in the rest of it
and put it in the rest
Okay if we are complete with our
comments Id like Mr Teague to critique us
108
CHARLES TEAGUE You dont really
want me to critique you
WILLIAM TIBBS Sure Briefly
critique us
CHARLES TEAGUE Im on the ten
minute clock here Charles Teague 23
Edmunds Street and you have caught me out
This was a Band-Aid This was going to be a
quick thing despite and despite being a
quick thing by attorneys engineers
architects lighting experts so you know
it looks trivial to small amount of changes
but it was subtle The last time we were
here there was a question of as why you could
see the light elements on the pitches of good
lights And thats because you can see the
elements on the pitches of good light if
youre standing where the light is supposed
to be and you cant see it where light is not
109
supposed to be And so and yes all your
discussion about -- so I spent an hour on the
phone with the firm who is the town the
towns -- the solicitors for the town of
Ashland reviewed their sunset clauses Its
a Municipal Code And yes the proper
lighting ordinance is in the Municipal Code
Everybody stuffs it in the Zoning where you
run into the grandfathering problem So once
you get out you can do the sunset clauses
you can expire something after ten years
And he showed me the examples on the signs
And so yeah this is all wrong We
shouldnt spend a lot of time on this We
should have just got it over with you know
two years ago but here we are So Im not
exactly -- so just on process you had a long
discussion of process the last time And now
this is gone through the Ordinance Committee
110
CDD was there participated Was referred
favorably to the full Council I say its
not the time for a major rewrite And the
trouble I have is that theres major
differences outcomes and a lot about
enforcement and a lot about grandfathering
What I tried to do very -- and we -- its
basically because as Jeff astutely pointed
out is that he used an entirely different
method He refers to the fixture I refer
to the light And he thought it was more
clear to refer to the fixture but once you
do that youre explicitly grandfathering
everything And I was trying to see if we
can if we can sneak by And because this
was supposed to be a quick fix And then
youre supposed to go off and do a real
Municipal Ordinance with real professionals
and a real budget which I dont have
111
The reason why its important and lets
go back public health public safety
Theres the safety of too much light versus
too little light We had expert testimony on
health direct light or we just went over
why the visible and good lights And the
scope and were afraid of this wipe of
enforcement Enforcement one of the things
about enforcement is that if its simple you
can handle more stuff But simplicity I
lets say people dont go down to the
Building Commissioner and ask him to enforce
things They come to community meetings and
theyre really upset and they ask me And
thats how enforcement works in my
neighborhood And its Charles Teague that
goes down to the Building Department
Theres not a lot of enforcement in Zoning
going on And so and it comes through you
112
know the neighborhood experts So and then
theres the whole grandfather issue
So there we go Theres the good
light You can -- I took this picture
consciously so that you could see the
lighting elements and then youve got the arm
under the Mount Auburn Hospital and Im on
their property in their driveway and thats
good light And theres the area to be lit
So anyways what were trying to avoid
is legal And we dont want neighbors suing
neighbors but they can They can sue under
the nuisance on their reasonable use and
enjoyment And so the lawyers I talked with
just gone through this in Lincoln They sued
because there was -- the town wouldnt
enforce the one line of the Zoning Ordinance
and they also sued under nuisances There
were other things in the case but its the
113
fees in the six figures They started in
2008 They finished their trial this March
in 2013 and he says the decision could take
two years So this is not what we want the
citizens of Cambridge to have to do to get
relief
And so back to grandfathering Granted
if youre replacing light thats fine Its
not grandfathered And the key is the
burden And its its the same Its
basically the same to put up a good light as
a bad light Bulb replacement you know I
dont know sometimes to replace a bulb is
you know in this day and time its just as
hard -- easy to replace the whole fixture if
you have to go up high and bring up a crane
and all that stuff
So but my thesis and we dont know
whether this will work but this was the
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attempt and this was why I defined an
entirely different than the way Jeff defined
it is the light requires predicate acts
You have to switch it on You have to pay
the bill You have to change the bulb
Those are conscious acts that you do
otherwise the light wouldnt be doing bad
things And lastly you know if we actually
go and memorialize that all existing lights
are grandfathered theres a bunch of lights
out there that could have been enforced
They are in violation The trouble were
missing is the explicit definitions and we
could have gone through the appeal process
through the BZA or to Superior Court and we
could have got some resolution So there
still is another path to getting resolution
But going back to the previous slide it
isnt really something you want neighbors to
115
be doing
So this is this is a commentary from
Bobrowski who wrote the handbook on land use
And hes talking about the restrictions on
the site the external restrictions And
hes talking about how theres no reported
(inaudible) decisions on the grandfather
section So but hope springs the term But
at this end this was never meant to be such a
process It was supposed to be a quick fix
get in and get out and then hopefully a real
lighting ordinance would happen but I cant
do the real lighting ordinance
So the building -- we sat down with
Councillor van Beuzekom and I sat down with
the Building Commissioner and he says he can
enforce the Teague Petition When they go
and they basically do light enforcement by
asking nicely And the next thing is so you
116
cant see the bulb They have people adjust
the lights so you cant see the bulb which
is basically what I wrote I memorialized
And he didnt really know how many Zoning
violations but its a small number And he
asked CDD to consult the Law Department on
the whole grandfathering thing So thats
supposed to be in process But not with my
not with my legal theory
But anyways on -- he looked at CDD
petition He had a series of -- to my --
because Im the neighborhood enforcer
because people come to me I go down to the
Building Department and so I sort of know how
they work And so I went down with Ranjit
He goes well thats nice but we dont have
staff at night So he didnt like the
illumination definition He goes we dont
staff at night We dont have instruments
117
We dont know how to use them
On pulling a Building Permit he would
say well wed actually have to go down there
and look to see if there were actual bad
lights where now people bring in plans
Which you could require a plan for I dont
know you know putting on your dog house or
something but I dont know when external
plans are required But then he went on in
his very practical concern its a lot of --
on the change of use its not going to get
triggered very often because so often he says
they dont need a Building Permit to change
the use So on the aging out of fixtures
he goes he says theres no way we can know
when that fixture was last gone He didnt
like those ones where this where its
referring to the bulb And then there was a
section which said on the certificate of
118
occupancy you would actually have to get
plans And he goes well often times a
homeowner comes down hes going to sell his
house or getting a new insurance policy and
theyll want to give them a Certificate of
Occupancy and this is an onerous expense for
so many So -- and then they have an
existing process So what happens is they
get a complaint in they run over there they
look at the thing and they come back and
they make it and they make their decision
And they send out their letters And either
theyre gonna decide to enforce or not
enforce Either person can appeal within 30
days After 30 days its final his decision
is final The Zoning Ordinance Section 1021
says its a $50 fee Their sheet says $100
Ill have to speak to him about that But I
spoke today its six weeks to get a hearing
119
And we have an experienced guy And Ive
seen you guys spend hours and hours resolving
neighborhood -- you send them in the back
room and they come back out Its even at
one in the morning you guys are working this
stuff out Ive seen them do it for a
garbage shed whether the garbage shed could
have a roof on it or not
Now Ranjit didnt like 722A because
only the BZA could issue a Variance So so
then the Kelly Beady guy came in with some
foot candle things just a whole bunch of
details But thats really thats really
Im under my ten minutes right All set
So my final thing is what I would
suggest I would suggest -- well I suggest
the correct answer is the municipal lighting
and we all know that And thats the way it
should be done So I suggest that As for
120
this I think this is a major change Its a
change in how its basic fundamental premise
of how its defined and it has these
implications in enforcement because it
requires because now it requires
instrumentation and people at night and
implications in terms of grandfathering
Grandfathering I dont know maybe weve
got 10 percent or 20 percent shot but under
the other way of defining it its zero It
absolutely nails down every existing light
So I would suggest that that petition -- the
other version is so different I dont think
its -- and were at the end of the process
I dont think it should be substituted If
you guys decide to submit it as a Planning
Board petition that would be okay but I
would not I would not I think theyre just
too fundamentally different creatures
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Thank you
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I find this very interesting because
the -- I know I have problems with the
petition as written and even though Jeffs
efforts were very valiant in trying to
incorporate some of our concerns in it I
think Mr Teague has just shown that new
position still has a lot of problems
associated with it So I think unless we
have a process that comes up with something
that is been thought through and worked out
I think I really have a problem with the
petition as it was (Inaudible)
HUGH RUSSELL That last sentence
confused me I didnt hear it I guess Did
you say that you had a problem with the
122
Teague petition or you didnt have a problem
with it
WILLIAM TIBBS I have a problem
with the Teague petition as written and
Jeffs attempts to write different language
which would help solve some of the problems
we all discussed But I think Mr Teague is
just saying that he doesnt feel that the --
he feels that those changes -- actually
changes it enough so that its a very
different thing And even his presentation
shows some of the complexities particularly
as you talk to other city officials with the
CDD version of his petition So its
problematic and I think to me its just very
very clear that its an issue that I think we
all feel its something we should try to
tackle but we should just tackle in a
different way whether its a Planning Board
123
petition Council petition or something And
I know the concern that we had earlier was
that you know these things just take a
long long time and was it something that we
could quickly pass and then work on later
But Im not comfortable with that approach
For me I -- Ill let the other board members
speak for themselves
HUGH RUSSELL Im with you on
the -- I would not want to recommend the
Teague petition to the Council And I would
not do any action want -- I wouldnt want to
just avoid the question because then the
Council might feel that if were not
responding to it we wouldnt respond So my
preference is to ask the staff to tweak the
language based on what theyve heard tonight
and forward the revised language to the
Council and to -- with a discussion that says
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that this is the best we can do in the time
available Its a very complicated issue
and that they should you know and then
theyll have to decide do they want to put
something in place now Do they want to
postpone it Do they want to engage in a
process of writing a Municipal Ordinance
And it seems to me those kinds of questions
are the questions that the Council you know
were offering advice as to what we think can
be done within the Zoning Ordinance and were
offering our comments that we were pretty
content with whats proposed but we
understand its not perfect Now --
WILLIAM TIBBS I think you need to
quantify we
HUGH RUSSELL Thats quite right
and Im not sure everybodys there
Also there are other people who would
125
like to speak and I think we ought to hear
them So maybe we should hold our comments
until that happens
So well agree to the three minute
standard for comments
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
TOM SIENIEWICZ Im sorry just one
point Did not Mr Teague say that he would
not support the altered drafting of this
piece of Zoning couldnt support it Was
that what he was indicating he was
withdrawing his petition I had that sense
I dont know
HUGH RUSSELL No I think what
hes saying is we submit our recommendation
to Council he was going to speak against
that recommendation and certainly thats his
right And Council has to decide make that
126
decision I mean -- were not proposing this
as a friendly amendment Were proposing
this as a recommendation from this Board
based on the language we have
CHARLES TEAGUE Just to clarify I
was actually hoping you would recommend the
Teague petition because the last time we were
here because --
HUGH RUSSELL Yes you made that
argument
CHARLES TEAGUE Right
HUGH RUSSELL I understand that
Thank you
So on our list the first person is
Kenneth Taylor of 2 Craigy Street
KENNETH TAYLOR Im Ken Taylor 2
Craigy Street Ive listened to what the
Planning Board has said before Ive heard
public complaints and public interest about
127
making changes I see Mr Teagues petition
I understand there are issues related to
that I see the Community Developments
response to your request to comment on that
and improve it My reaction as a layman is
that if you pass -- if you recommend the CD
proposal you risk memorializing
grandfathering the violation of the Zoning
Ordinance which was passed in 1962
Now one question that perhaps Jeff
could explain to me is in the State Code you
quoted Shall lawfully in existence any
condition lawfully in existence
Since 1962 there have been hundreds and
thousands of code violations that have never
been enforced Now does the fact that they
have not been enforced means -- mean that
theyre lawful And does that give them
legitimacy In the case of making Zoning
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changes I know of a condition where an
existing house I was going to buy had a curb
cut for a driveway that was too close to an
intersection of a public street And it was
non-conforming and it was grandfathered until
you made a change And it was non-conforming
until the code was changed The codes never
been changed on this A six-story building
apartment house built in 1940 probably had
incandescent lights to begin with if any at
all And then in 1960 they added more
powerful incandescents In 1970 they added
sodium vapor In 2012 they added HID Now
probably every one of those except the
incandescent was in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance So my question to you is what
permits grandfathering among all these
violations that have existed for that many
years Is it because the City chose not to
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enforce the law Thats a general question
Secondly Im confused about the
recommendation about 723 If I understood
it correctly Jeff you said that you can
delete the paragraph altogether because all
of the Zoning applies to all of the city So
if I understand that theres no special
provision for residential areas and so it
doesnt make any difference I dont
understand why theres this paragraph if
youre going to enforce this Zoning Ordinance
throughout the entire city If that isnt
the case I think you need to at least expand
the language If youre seriously trying to
cover these residential zones you need to
expand the language to cover the edges of
these zones which are impacted by other
districts adjacent to the buildings in other
districts should not be allowed to impact on
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these residential zones
I think the final question it seems to
me which I believe is related and again I
havent talked to Mr Teague about this is
related to the issue of the whole basis for
the Zoning Ordinance If its based on the
light source rather than the fixture then
theres no reason why you can ask existing
owners either to conform with the new code or
to reduce the wattage in their fixture to the
extent possible to the minimum to bring it in
as close to conformance as possible And
that would mean that a 400-watt HID bulb
could be a 100-watt HID bulb And that would
significantly reduce the problem without
causing an owner to replace the fixture
PAMELA WINTERS Sir your time is
up
KENNETH TAYLOR Excuse me
131
PAMELA WINTERS Your time is up
KENNETH TAYLOR Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Theres some
provocative questions there but I think well
just get through some of the comments and
then go there
Second person was Jo M Solet
JO M SOLET Thank you for your
attention Jo M Solet 15 Berkeley Street
I would like to first of all second
what you heard from Mr Taylor I think we
do not want to confer legitimacy on lights
existing lights that are now in violation
And if you doubt that they are there I can
tell you the light about which I spoke to you
at our last meeting I did have the city come
and look at it They told me it was in
violation and they actually and Mr Sean
OGrady told me when I had found all the
132
lights in violation in my neighborhood I
could call him back And I have that in
writing by e-mail So I didnt feel it was
my job to do that but if it will help
Mr Taylor who doesnt live that far away
from me and I will -- well find the
violations and make sure that theyre not
grandfathered for you
I do think there is a backlog of
unconcern about this problem Im also
surprised about the what I see as a hardship
concern about the violators It seems to me
that changing a bulb or adding a hood to an
existing light is not that serious a
hardship And if we discover that there are
folks who have a hardship then maybe we
should be charging for violations and using
the money to help those who have a hardship
come into compliance It could be done
133
Because our concern includes health and
safety the grandfathering piece is really a
serious one because it would leave in place
the things that are currently affecting
health and safety and I want to offer a nod
to Mr Russell and to Mr Sieniewicz for
raising the night sky issue and add that in
talking about this city lighting issues with
the Circadian rhythm experts and the sleep
division at Harvard Medical School
Another issue that was raised was that
of wildlife If you doubt that wildlife is
at issue here imagine when you are taking a
neighborhood and basically giving up night
Youre making it light all the time In our
neighborhood on Berkeley Street within the
passed couple of weeks sighted have been a
grey fox turkeys deer raccoons raccoons
during the day by the way because its day
134
all the time and maybe they dont know when
they should be sleeping rabbits moles and
opossums So theyre confused about when
its night and day and thats not good for
us People are confused about it too
Thanks for your time
STEVEN COHEN Mr Chair Im sorry
if I might interrupt for just a moment Both
of the first two speakers made reference to
lighting being in violation And if there is
some sort of a regulation of existing
lighting thats something that Im unaware
of that I havent heard come out
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
So Jeff is it correct that paragraph
723 is part of the Ordinance now
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
Mr Chair and excuse me for not reviewing
my -- my sort of shorthand of Zoning changes
135
So all of the underlying portions are the
changes to the Ordinance page -- on page 3
the portion under 723 line item 723 is not
there but that paragraph underneath it
constitutes the entirety of current Section
720 of the Zoning Ordinance So that is
currently in the Ordinance The petition
proposed to leave it in the Ordinance and --
HUGH RUSSELL And how long has it
been in the Ordinance
JEFF ROBERTS I do not know the
answer to that question
HUGH RUSSELL A long time right
JEFF ROBERTS Its been for
sometime And any -- it was not during the
ten years that Ive been here So the -- so
any lighting that was established since that
time thats found to be in violation and I
think this -- I wont sidetrack But any
136
lighting thats known to be in violation or
found to be in violation of that Ordinance
since that time will -- its considered
illegally non-conforming Its not -- it
doesnt have a legal conforming status just
because it was ignored And therefore it --
this the proposed -- whether the under the
proposed text or the modified text the new
Zoning would not confer any special -- new
special status towards lighting that was in
violation at the time that it was installed
HUGH RUSSELL Okay So what were
saying is that outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 Districts since
this was put in the Ordinance which I
believe is quite was probably decades ago
is -- do you know exactly
KENNETH TAYLOR Yes the historian
for Community Development informed my wife
137
that there have been no changes in the
lighting ordinance since it was originally
written So that goes back to the original
text of the Ordinance
H THEODORE COHEN When was that
HUGH RUSSELL I do not believe this
paragraph goes back to 1924
KENNETH TAYLOR No no 1962
HUGH RUSSELL 62 So thats the
date
KENNETH TAYLOR Thats when the
Ordinance was written
HUGH RUSSELL The Ordinance was
written in 1920 --
KENNETH TAYLOR Its a 50-year-old
Ordinance It hasnt been changed since
HUGH RUSSELL Sir the Ordinance
was written in 1924 There were major
revisions in 1943 and 1962 And then since
138
1970 the Ordinance has perhaps quadrupled in
size to the establishment of special
districts The question is when did this
paragraph show up And I believe the answer
that youre trying to tell me 1962 So that
says -- so if you will allow me to finish my
thought here that says that in those
districts that are enumerated a light that
shines a direct light on an adjacent
property is not grandfathered
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
HUGH RUSSELL Now that doesnt
help the people in Residence C-2 Districts
and I believe some of the testimony before us
were people who are in those districts But
so that -- so by this little discussion weve
learned that in you know a substantial
portion of the city someone should be able to
go down today and get enforcement And so
139
therefore it probably is a reason to -- you
may want to make that clearer in the
Ordinance that this standard as we talk
about enforcement and grandfathering that
this was the standard Anything thats in
conformance doesnt have legal non-conforming
status That would I believe that helps
Now Id like to continue with the
hearing and Marjorie Williams of Green Street
do you wish to speak Or is it Marjorie
Wellens (phonetic)
MARILYN WELLENS You mean Marilyn
Wellens
HUGH RUSSELL Do you live at 651
Green Street
MARILYN WELLENS I do
HUGH RUSSELL Im sorry I couldnt
read your writing but I certainly know you
MARILYN WELLENS Yes So my name
140
is Marilyn Wellens and I live at 651 Green
Street We abut a Business B-1 District on
Massachusetts Avenue The building at 1030
Massachusetts Avenue was recently con --
within the last year and a half two years
was converted from office to lab use And
the Zoning Ordinance considers these
equivalent uses I can assure you that they
are not neither for lighting nor for noise
nor for height The reason Im here is that
weve had quite a lesson in this in modern
technology and the way that Cambridge is
going over the last two years So that I
have Im afraid scattered notes in response
to some of the Boards comments and I
havent put them in any particular order so
if you will indulge me I will just sort of
speak out
I would say that the matter is urgent
141
that Mr Teague has brought to the Board and
the Council and the Citys attention The
strain of trying to have quiet enjoyment of
ones property is very difficult And I
would suspect that the places where it is
possible are rapidly diminishing And only
the very very choicest residential districts
of the city will be immune and maybe they --
even they wont if the development thats
planned and on the Boards continuance So
Im concerned about the assumption that there
will be all these frivolous complaints What
weve just heard recently is that the Zoning
Ordinance lacks enforcement ability either
through the technical expertise of staff who
are required or asked to enforce it or they
lack the training they lack the money they
lack the expertise they lack the equipment
So that this -- remedying this is not simply
142
a matter of law its a matter of budget and
its a matter of will and committing to
taking care of the health and safety of the
population of Cambridge And that I
understand is the primary impulse and
justification for the Zoning Ordinance Now
thats why were here and thats why youre
dealing with this And as Doctor Solet has
told you repeatedly that light as well as
noise have major major health consequences
And this is another example of what has been
called the privatization of profit and the
socialization of the costs So that you have
the developers and the users maximizing
lowering their own costs by failing
adequately to protect public health and the
rest of us suffer and its a longer term
problem but if youre concerned about the
educational level of the students in
143
Cambridge I suspect that you will pay close
attention to both light and noise and how
they affect people
And so I was bit concerned with the
assumption that you might have lacks -- and
this may have been my missed hearing that it
might be possible to have laxer standards for
persons living in denser zones or in
commercial zones because I dont see any
reason why anyone living in any of those
zones would be less harmed by the noxious
effect of light than people living in an A
Zone
PAMELA WINTERS If you could wind
down your comments please your time is up
MARILYN WELLENS All right And
so I would again encourage you to act on
this and I would ask that the city develop
the capacity to enforce and develop the will
144
to enforce and I ask the Board to participate
in that
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Thank you
Does anyone else wish to be heard
ROBERT WINTERS Hi my name is
Robert Winters I hadnt planned to come
here I do live in a BA-1 Zone I probably
could claim I have five multiple violations
right now on either side of me but I have no
skin in this game I have no desire to file
complaints or anything but something I was
thinking before -- Hugh Russell actually took
the words right out of my mouth And heres
my thoughts that I heard earlier and just to
say them right now I wonder why must this
matter be a part of the Zoning Ordinance at
all It strikes me that all of the
shortcomings and misgivings and like what
145
about grandfathering this or that could all
be resolved if simply this was made part of a
municipal comprehensive municipal light
ordinance that had nothing to do with Zoning
whatsoever
When I have as I have complaints
about neighbors with rodent infestation you
know you call the rodent people If theres
a problem with improper disposal of rubbish
you call Inspectional Services and Public
Works Nobody worries about whether the
rubbish cans were grandfathered in from an
earlier era when they carried ashes out to
the street You know these are living
documents they can be changed to meet with
the times It seems thats the right way to
go Just generally speaking I think we
burden the Zoning Ordinance with far too
much It shouldnt even have quadrupled in
146
size There are so many things We depend
far too much on the Zoning Ordinance to solve
too many problems I believe shortly well
be getting some recommendations coming as
part of an another Zoning Petition where
theyre going to try to tell us from where we
must buy our electricity for example Why
not go and tell what color shirts our
children should wear or whether they should
speak multiple languages and have that be
part of the Zoning Ordinance So my remedy
is simply this Why not simply recommend to
the City Council that they sever this entire
section out of the Zoning Ordinance and
re-craft it as part of the municipal
ordinance on a comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance period and just take this
completely out There should be no need for
Community Development Department weighing in
147
on lighting standards any more than they
should be weighing in on whether the rats or
the garbage cans are properly laid out
outside So I would put the challenge to the
City Councillors and have the Planning Board
come straight out and say that Since were
throwing this ball into your court make this
the best damn municipal lighting ordinance
you can possibly draft and lets take it
right out of Zoning entirely
HUGH RUSSELL Mr John
JOHN HAWKINSON John Hawkinson 84
Mass Ave I just wanted to make explicit I
think an implicit request I heard in
Charlies presentation and that was to the
extent that you request Community Development
do further work on this That you request
that they caucus with Commissioner
Singanayagam and make sure that their
148
recommendations are consistent with his
understanding of enforceability or if not
that theres text explaining how not or why
not
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Does anyone else wish
to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Im just going to
comment on a previous comment and one --
there were several farther back which is if
we are stuck with what the Commissioner of
Buildings thinks he can do with present
staff and the present work rules that may not
be sufficient to protect the population And
so its important to know -- to get Ranjits
take on it because hes you know hes a
very dedicated public servant but at the
same time you know do you have to go beyond
149
that Maybe thats the point
So now we get to the point of trying to
see if we can -- do we have a consensus on
what we would recommend to the Council or do
we have -- I have a feeling were not quite
at a consensus and I dont think were going
to get there But Id be happy to get some
advice from my colleagues
H THEODORE COHEN Im happy to
start I think -- well I think as I
expressed at the last hearing that the
Teague Petition is fundamentally flawed and
overbroad And I had a lot of concerns about
it particularly about you know how you
determine whether theres a violation and
what one does to enforce it And a
grandfathering is a very significant issue in
Zoning I have a litigated cases about it
Ive litigated cases about light and how they
150
fall under Zoning and I could not personally
recommend the Teague Petition as originally
drafted I think that what staff has done
addressed a lot of my concerns and I still
think its overbroad in a lot of areas I
still think that it does not address the
issue fully and certainly doesnt address
the grandfathering issue which I dont think
Zoning can If the rest of the Board felt
comfortable with the Teague with the
revision by CDD I think I could go along
with a recommendation to the City Council
that this was in some sense a stopgap measure
that still had a lot of questions and still
needed to be worked upon and that City
Council ought to hire an expert and probably
the best thing was to have either just a
municipal ordinance or a municipal ordinance
and some waiting reference into the Zoning
151
Ordinance But I do think that this is an
issue you know that needs more thought by
people who are really expert in the field to
determine exactly what will address future
issues and probably more importantly what
can address existing issues that we want to
address and how it does not unreasonably
impact upon the small property owners the
small home owners who are -- Im worried are
all going to be in non-conformance under
this and also what is the best way to
enforce things And you know obviously the
Building Department you know has a limited
budget And you know its going to be up
to the City Council and the City Manager to
decide you know what is the really
important issues that the city is facing and
what they are going to budget for And if
they feel that dealing with this light issue
152
is a primary concern then they may have to
hire more people to deal with enforcement
If they think its less of an important
concern then you know other building
issues then they will appropriately staff
things And so thats where I come out on
this that I personally could not support
recommending the Teague Petition as
originally presented to the City Council with
a lot of reservations I could go along with
a recommendation of what CDD has revised and
subject to further revisions in accordance
with our discussion tonight
AHMED NUR Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Ill be really fast I
do concur everything that Ted just said I
am not also in favor of the proposal and in
favor of recommending to City Council It
153
really needs careful study with experts
When it comes to lighting noise music I
have two daughters that share one room and
the two of them are the opposites One wants
the light off one wants the light on One
wants the music down and so it -- its not
something simple that we can just sit here
and say yay or nay on this
PAMELA WINTERS I agree with my
colleagues I really dont feel comfortable
about voting for the Teague Petition as
drafted I really agree particularly with
what Ted had to say and also Robert Winters
I thought made -- and we are not related I
just want to throw that in
WILLIAM TIBBS I was going to ask
that question
PAMELA WINTERS No we are not
related but I do -- I liked your suggestion
154
of making -- turning this into a municipal
ordinance similar to sound or you know
whatever rather than a Zoning Ordinance And
I think thats about all I had to say So
that was quick
Go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Generally I concur
with all that was said I have two
observations First of all something that
Charlie said really struck me during his
presentation and that is that he conceived
of this as a quick fix As a stopgap in
measuring -- acknowledging that this isnt
really the ideal way to address the problem
That the right way to address it is for the
city to hire an appropriate expert personnel
and to you know put some time and real work
into this and come up with an appropriate
well engineered municipal ordinance Well I
155
guess we all agree that thats the right way
to go The notion of using the Zoning Code
as a quick fix as a stopgap measure sort of
procedurally doesnt seem like the right way
to use Zoning And once adopted it takes on
a life of its own and what if it ends up
being in conflict with what the experts come
up with later It doesnt seem like the
right approach I agree that the approach --
I agree with what has been said by
Mr Winters and the other members here The
way to go is to call upon the City Council to
address this head on in the appropriate and
expert way
My second observation though is Im
blown away to discover that theres already a
provision in the Code which in essence hasnt
been enforced So gosh we can write all
sorts of Zoning Ordinances here Whats the
156
difference what we write if the existing
regulations arent being enforced You know
so it seems to me before we start reinventing
the wheel and making the wheel even fancier
than it already is lets figure out how to
enforce the existing regulation And
actually as written as I look at it it
aint bad It doesnt have all the technical
requirements and references to foot candles
and luminance and so forth but the
principles that it espouse is right on And
frankly if I were to recommend anything as a
short-term stopgap measure well maybe just
make that same provision applicable to other
Zoning Districts as well Boy thats a real
quick fix You know the recommendation
would you know encompass maybe one or two
sentences and you know then you know
lets focus on enforcement and that would be
157
sufficient to hold the fort for a while the
City Council you know addresses this matter
in a more appropriate and professional
manner
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I would
like to agree wholeheartedly with what Steve
just said As much as I -- it really pains
me to think of going into a multi-year or
even multi-month study on this I do think
its the right thing to do I think that
this needs to be done through general
municipal ordinance and that requires time
And I do think that we need to use the tools
that are at our disposal to give some
immediate relief And I would really want to
stress that in the City Council that if that
means appropriating additional funds for
Inspectional Services or whatever it means
that there needs to be some recourse for
158
people to get some relief now while the study
is going on And that you know its the
fact that we havent been able to enforce it
previously does not excuse continuing to do
so while we study a way to do it later
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say I
disagree with -- I agree with what you both
have said
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think what were
discovering in Zoning is a pretty blunt
instrument and these are some pretty fine
issues that are -- that were trying to
figure out how we can control But
nonetheless in my experience almost 20 years
now working pretty intensely with this Code
there are ways in which government works
pretty well the Zoning Board and the Planning
Board I might add and the Zoning Code to
some degree helps to a large degree helps
159
with the way that this community runs And I
really appreciate Steve pointing out the fact
that the Code already has an Ordinance in
there
That not withstanding I believe the
rightful place for at least some components
of this lighting control is within the Zoning
Code Its a physical environments It
relates to the building and it relates to
building science And so youre right the
modified petition is not perfect We have
more suggestions tonight about how to make it
a little better I think it adds adds meat
to the Zoning Code which can be enforced both
with the Building Department and through the
other mechanisms that I referenced here And
so Im generally in favor of sending it up to
the City Council with the recommendations
that came with the first speaker to consider
160
the municipal ordinance to have enforcement
to deal with the issue of grandfathering and
hire an expert to get the actual metrics of
drafting correctly
HUGH RUSSELL So often at this
time we turn to the Stuart and Brian and Jeff
and say okay you got it
JEFF ROBERTS This is one where I
may want to go over some of what was said and
see if thats what is -- what the way things
are intended to go
So is it the -- maybe this is a
question I shouldnt be asking but is it the
Boards consensus -- it seems pretty clear
that the recommendation should include the
recommendation to initiate a process of
developing a more comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance as part of the municipal
code engaging the help of an experienced
161
professional to develop something that has
to help advise on the technical details So
thats that is certainly something that
would be included
In terms of the recommendation on the
Zoning Petition the Board would recommend
the Zoning language the modified Zoning
language that was proposed I know that I
think in the last set of comments there were
maybe different views on what exactly would
be -- would exactly would or should be
included in the text the Zoning text
modifications that are recommended to the
Board Whether it be the fuller set of
changes that was that was sent to the Board
or whether it be a smaller set of changes
only affecting the existing Zoning existing
paragraph of Zoning text
HUGH RUSSELL So I would -- what I
162
heard from my colleagues is that that
Council can consider three different
strategies for an interim regulation that
would be in place to try to help out the way
things are
One is the Teague Petition which we do
not support
The second is the language that youve
drafted and with some modifications based on
our discussion tonight And theres no real
enthusiasm for that because we feel that
primary recommendation of getting municipal
ordinance is the right ultimate solution
If the Council felt they wanted to act
now we would feel -- most of us that
enacting the language was a temporary measure
that might be effective in some cases and
probably wouldnt cause great harm
The third suggestion came from my
163
colleague Mr Cohen which was a very simple
thing to take the 720 regulation and make
it apply citywide as a temporary measure I
think the problem that Council would have to
address in taking that stance is its not
being -- its not being enforced now Is it
not being enforced because it is
unenforceable or is it for some other reason
And that could be a discussion that could be
held between the City Manager and his various
departments and staff about you know if
they were to say well rely on this as a
temporary measure how can we get better
enforcement as to what this actually says
particularly if it were extended to be
citywide
So thats kind of what I heard and I
elaborated a little bit on Steves proposal
In some ways I like Steves proposal the
164
best
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes I do too
JEFF ROBERTS If I could
Mr Chair I mean I think this is a
discussion that maybe came up if you all
remember way back in the original Teague
Petition when the discussion really was
around what is this what is the issue with
the existing Zoning language and what does it
do and what does it not do And we found
that there really were some limitations in
the text and I think that Mr Teague had
really started this process by pointing out
what some of those limitations are
One being that the district only
applies in certain districts which through
enforcement has been taken to -- or at least
cause confusion when theres two adjoining
districts where a business district or a
165
higher density residential district abuts a
lower density residential district and its
not clear what that language is meant to
mean And that could be at the most minor
basic level that could be clarified to say
that any to make sure that its clear that
the effect on any residential property in
those districts is something that should be
enforced for or should be where the Zoning
should be applied and should be -- and
anything should be -- anything that affects
those properties should be reviewed in
compliance Or another step up would be to
as was suggested maybe make it just a
citywide provision which may have certain
impacts on commercial districts and
commercial properties that might not be in
the same level of conformance
HUGH RUSSELL Might be citywide to
166
falling on citywide residential property
H THEODORE COHEN I Jeff the
point you just raised is a concern I have
and you know it may be its a good idea to
amend 723 to make it citywide But Im
wondering if its in the scope of what the
Teague Petition was and what was advertised
because it certainly you know it may be
that it applies to so many other people in
commercial and industrial districts who may
not have come to our hearing or to you know
the Ordinance Committee because they were not
concerned about what they saw as applying
only in residential districts So you know
I think thats something that staff and maybe
the City Solicitors office would have to
review to see whether making such a change
would be within the scope of the petition
And if not then maybe you know we ought to
167
bring -- come back with a very short you
know Planning Board amendment to do that
you know publish it and notify it and let
the citywide have an opportunity to comment
on it And you know coming out of that
maybe what you suggested is that its not
citywide then only you know the impact on
any residential district or any residential
property
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I just want to be very clear that I am
not comfortable with the CDC language as a
stopgap So I just want to make that very
clear
STEVEN COHEN Im just wondering if
a consensus of any sort is reached on the
Board maybe the way to go on this is to
actually start from scratch You know work
on some sort of modification of the existing
168
Section the 723 re-advertise it to make
sure that theres no issues there and ask
the CDD to propose a modification of that
paragraph only this time its an actual
proposal on your part And eventually
perhaps get to the point where its the
Planning Board proposing a Zoning
modification to the City Council which you
know might carry some some extra weight
with the understanding that it is still
something of a stopgap Because maybe that
the appropriate procedure is still to hire
experts and not making our own guesses about
technical matters but you know actually
doing an appropriate study But again I
think the language there is pretty good
And you know with some study on your part
Jeff I think maybe we could arrive someplace
that you know you serve as a pretty good
169
stopgap you know pending adoption of a
full-fledged municipal ordinance
HUGH RUSSELL Speaking against that
notion I would hope that in the 13 days
between now and the City Council midsummer
meeting a cliff notes version of that could
be accomplished I think the Teague Petition
intention was to be effective citywide and
so I think you can probably address Teds
concern of -- because it -- whats under
consideration is a citywide effect Its a
technical legal question and has to be
addressed by the Solicitor but I think
theres some hope that could actually -- and
I think the Council would like to put
something on the books now and rather than
something that we know is going to be interim
or informal So I you know its like I
think part of our difficulty is going to be
170
municipal calendar because as far as I know
-- maybe I can ask Councillor van Beuzekom
are any of the committees of the Council
going to be meeting between now and the
midsummer meeting
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM There
could be a special meeting but theres
nothing planned right now
HUGH RUSSELL Right Okay
So its within the possibility that
this could be advanced somewhere on the
Council level We dont have to come up with
the answer that they can adopt Thats
helpful
STEVEN COHEN The procedure aside
for a moment what about the notion of asking
CDD based on the discussions weve had here
asking CDD to propose a modification of that
provision
171
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I think thats
a productive thing to do
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Say that
again
HUGH RUSSELL And the question is
should we then not forward the language that
Jeff has proposed to us I mean in some
sense its out there in the blogosphere but
if our judgment is that we want a temporary
expedient we want it to be simple then
maybe we should just say draft up the simple
cliff notes version that alters that
paragraph in ways that give it the most --
make it the most effective paragraph that we
can
STEVEN COHEN And I think on a
parallel path not within our power that the
City Council might well call upon the City
Manager to report on the question of
172
enforcement of the existing provision So
you know we understand what the limitations
of enforcement are here And if there are
limitations and there may very well be then
we have to deal with that kind of reality
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I mean I think
there must be limitations because you know
its not city policy to ignore complaints and
not the citizens But they havent been able
to do it So theres something there
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS So I could just make
a suggestion or maybe its more of an offer
that we could within the recommendations --
so as long as the Board has reached some
sense some consensus and some clarity as to
what the substance of what the proposed
change would be to the existing language
that can be drafted and submitted along with
173
the recommendation to the Council We can
also include the Board can include in the
recommendation that the Law Department the
City Solicitor be consulted as long as its
within the scope of the original petition
If its been -- we would confer with the Law
Department on that as well If its
determined that that is okay it could --
that could be moved forward on If not it
could be the Planning Board could opt to
submit that as its own petition to the
Council It would restart the hearing
process but it would it could immediately
be put into the queue And if filed before
if my (inaudible) calendar is correct if
filed pretty much at the beginning of the
fall could still be acted upon by the end of
the Council term
H THEODORE COHEN Can I ask a
174
question
Jeff do you know you know in recent
buildings and commercial and industrial
districts are there outdoor floodlights
JEFF ROBERTS There usually are
If theres a parking facility theres often
you know lighting Exactly what the form of
the lighting is not something that I look at
in great scrutiny in my day-to-day work but
anything with an outdoor parking facility
outdoor walkways equipment entrances well
have well have lighting I think that by
modern standards and you know Ive gone
around looking at different -- as weve been
talking about this as looking at different
buildings and properties around the city to
see what kind of lighting they have and using
the standard can you see the fixtures or can
you see the bulb and you know is anything
175
reflecting is there a -- I think that as you
advance from older structures to newer
structures you find that the lighting starts
to look more like what I think this proposal
intends it to look like But you still do
have those instances where an owner of an
existing building for one reason or another
wants to have better lighting on the parking
lot and they install the most expedient
fixture which is that thats offensive to
neighbors
H THEODORE COHEN Well Im
personally uncomfortable with just doing just
a quick fix and saying lets make 723
applicable citywide without our having heard
anything whatsoever from any commercial or
industrial property owners one way or the
other about that And you know were
trying to avoid grandfathering things but if
176
suddenly were grandfathering parking lots
all over Kendall Square and you know in
lots of other areas of the city maybe thats
the answer but Im uncomfortable doing it
without having a hearing on it thats going
to address that issue So I dont know that
I think that the quick fix to just say make
723 applicable throughout the city is
something that I would support
HUGH RUSSELL So Im looking at
what I believe is the Teague Petition Its
addressed to the honorable City Council and
it says Petition And so I -- looking at
that it seems to me there is language in it
that talks about off-street parking
facilities abutting or facing residential
premises shall not fall under the scope of
the Teague Petition and use his regulatory
language So thats already out there in the
177
proposal
The 723 --
H THEODORE COHEN But still that
language is still referring to only Residence
A B C and C-1 Districts
HUGH RUSSELL I dont believe so
I believe theres another section that refers
to -- so Im looking at this one which I
think is broader And that might be the
limit to which we can go under the Teague --
by implementing Teague
STEVEN COHEN Im sorry isnt the
Teague Petition citywide Am I missing
something
H THEODORE COHEN No because it
was only amended certain -- as I read it it
was only amended certain provisions of the
Zoning Ordinance and adding some additional
language
178
STEVEN COHEN So your read is that
the petition applies only to what
HUGH RUSSELL The parts of the
petition apply to A B C and C-1 Districts
as I read it
STEVEN COHEN Really
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
JEFF ROBERTS Well I believe and
Im looking at it right now and kind of
starting at the beginning and I hope we dont
have different versions of this but the
proposal is to insert -- the main proposal is
on a page which begins Amend the Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Cambridge by doing
the following Insert the following text
after Section 7230 elimination etcetera
And then down at the bottom of the page it
says 722 lighting restrictions for the
City of Cambridge No direct light shall be
179
allowed on any abutting property on any
property abutting an abutting property on
any property across the street from those
properties and on any properties within 300
feet of luminaire and on any street a
property shall explicitly include any
buildings on said property and prohibiting
any direct light from entering the window or
any other openings The luminaire intended
to light a street is allowed to light said
street
H THEODORE COHEN Right I agree
with that But then that does not change --
I mean that just says you cant have light
on abutting property Its you still have
the language in 723 which again talks about
you know no outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 So if were
going to say lets make 723 applicable
180
citywide--
JO M SOLET Can you use the mic
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
If youre saying we cant use 723
applicable citywide then suddenly youre
saying in any non-residential district you
cant have outdoor floodlighting which you
now indicated it probably does exist I
mean this is the problem with you know
trying to you know make a quick fix
amendment to Zoning at the you know the
eleventh hour and trying to come up with
something that we havent really previously
discussed that people havent testified on
one way or the other and maybe thats maybe
thats where we should end up Im just
very very uncomfortable doing it right now
and recommending to City Council that this is
what we think you should do as a quick fix
181
STEVEN COHEN But well Ted --
actually my reaction to what youre saying is
the most shocking part is that at this late
moment on the verge of taking a vote that
were actually not even clear whether the
Petition that weve been talking about for
these last two meetings apply citywide or
only to those residential districts
H THEODORE COHEN Well I think
some things proposed do apply citywide but
some provisions were not being -- did not
apply citywide were not being amended
HUGH RUSSELL I -- some of the
language wasnt being amended but the
structure of the Teague Petition is to say
is to focus on light being cast from fixtures
and it says you cant -- a light cant fall
on somebody elses property citywide
Now 723 talks about a device that
182
accomplishes that or fails to accomplish
that But I think in Teague and if you
will Roberts its still citywide And so
I you know some -- the fact that they --
theyre talking about a light falling on
somebody elses property whether -- I dont
think its any different whether it comes
from a floodlight or a wall pack or not
Its -- thats what was advertised Any
commercial property owner had an opportunity
to read this language and say gee I can no
longer throw light on somebody elses
property And as it happens nobody came and
said that was a problem
H THEODORE COHEN I dont disagree
with that but I dont know that just simply
saying if you make 723 citywide youre not
changing other things And that is why I
suggested --
183
HUGH RUSSELL This is an
architectlawyer discussion
H THEODORE COHEN Right Its an
architectlawyer discussion and I --
HUGH RUSSELL Im thinking an
architect weve got to be able to accomplish
the principle Here the lawyer is saying we
have to actually make the words right I
dont disagree with you
H THEODORE COHEN Correct
STEVEN COHEN And where I agree
with what Ted is saying and the reason I
would send it back to CDD is you know for
us to make a quick judgment here yeah I
said earlier hey all it takes is a sentence
or two Well thats easy for me to say I
would like staff to take a closer look at it
and then sort of work through the
ramifications and then you know whether
184
theyre unintended consequences and so forth
and then come back to us with some sort of a
recommendation But thats the drafting and
the professional who are planning the issue
Youre raising the legal issue of whether
certain interests have received adequate
notice under the law of a change that will
affect them And while I disagree with your
interpretation I think it does apply
citywide I also see that because of Section
723 its at very least ambiguous on what the
Ordinance discovers So Im respectful of
the concern that you raised And as we
talked about it amongst ourselves we werent
clear among ourselves whether this you know
Petition was applicable citywide or only to
these residential districts
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY
Mr Chair
185
STEVEN COHEN So if were not
clear I mean you know what does that say
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I think
that practical implication of both Ted and
Steves comments given that we wont be
meeting again until after the City Council
meeting is that if were going to see
another round of markups from CDD and have a
chance to discuss them then we are not
proposing a specific change to the Zoning
Ordinance for the summer meeting We are not
endorsing the Teague Petition and were
saying that there isnt a quick fix that can
be enacted this summer There may be a quick
fix that can be enacted before the end of
this Council and that we would continue to
try to do But that the long-term goal would
be a citywide lighting ordinance and any
quick fix we are going to propose is language
186
that we still need to work on and theyll be
seeing in the fall
HUGH RUSSELL So do people agree
with that It sounds pretty good to me
H THEODORE COHEN I do
HUGH RUSSELL The only caveat that
I would make is that Council might say hey
were going to ask the Law Department to do
that quick fix in the next two weeks
WILLIAM TIBBS Well thats their
issue
HUGH RUSSELL And if they can
accomplish that they might be able to
accomplish that We cannot
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL Thats the important
part
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL If were going to do
187
it we have to do what she said
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
HUGH RUSSELL So I think we almost
reached -- Ahmed
AHMED NUR We did We did
I also would add that maybe we should
change the language to -- from grandfathering
to grandmothering because lights lights are
actually controlled better laid in the house
Im only kidding
WILLIAM TIBBS Did you get the last
comment I think
JEFF ROBERTS Okay so to recap
the recommendation -- I wont go back over
what you said but the recommendation is what
was just stated regarding -- including the
municipal -- recommendation by the municipal
ordinance advising that you know that the
concerns with the Teague Petition as written
188
the complications with proposing a quick fix
at this point and to and so I guess the
question is is the Planning Board decision
then not to recommend any specific Zoning
text changes to the Council but rather to
suggest that the Planning Board continue to
work on that issue and submit text changes
for the fall term the fall session of the
Council
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
AHMED NUR That sounds good
HUGH RUSSELL I think that except I
would put the work as conditional If the
Council wants us to work on that well put
that on our agenda early in the fall because
they can because they may --
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY They
may preempt us
HUGH RUSSELL They may find a quick
189
fix They may enact Teague All of that is
within their power
Were saying what we can do and we
cant fix it now
STEVEN COHEN And for 50 years of
non-enforcement of the existing provisions I
dont think its the end of the world to wait
a few extra months to do this in a careful
thoughtful
JO M SOLET Can they enforce
whats in place now at least
H THEODORE COHEN Yes
JO M SOLET Do you recommend that
STEVEN COHEN Yes
HUGH RUSSELL We dont generally --
KENNETH TAYLOR Can you make a
recommendation
JO M SOLET Including your
recommendation that there is a law thats not
190
being enforced and while were rewriting it
we would at least like attention to that
HUGH RUSSELL I think we can --
might comment that the Board is unable to
understand why paragraph 720 does not
apparently -- is not able to be enforced
KENNETH TAYLOR Not being enforced
HUGH RUSSELL Thats a statement
which could provide some relief in some
cases it does not seem to be able to be
enforced in -- thats part of the reason we
cant act to fix it because we dont know
whats wrong with it
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Thats
right
STEVEN COHEN But Jo were not
going away
JO M SOLET Im not either I
dont want it to be immortal before I see
191
this
HUGH RUSSELL So I believe we are
now adjourned
JOHN HAWKINSON Councillor van
Beuzekom has her hand up
HUGH RUSSELL Oh Councillor
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM I have one
thing to clarify
HUGH RUSSELL Sure we would be
happy to hear it
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Because I
dont want to by myself to be the sole
conveyor of all the incredible back and forth
between all you guys and between the people
that came to speak So what I dont know is
how much of this draft memo is going to be
shared with the Council Because aside from
what you said this is not out in the
blogosphere People dont really know about
192
this But the -- I think what needs to be
conveyed to the Council is what you dont
like about the Teague Petition So we didnt
really hear that Its kind of in this memo
but you didnt really talk about it You
went straight to CDD making recommendations
that are not going to be forwarded to the
Council But Im hoping that there can be a
write-up in the memo that accompanies the
decision explaining exactly what about the
Teague Petition doesnt work Because it is
citywide and thats what the CDD proposed
There was an attempt to figure out how to
make it more enforceable and Ranjit thought
I can enforce it this way I cant really
enforce it because its too vague the way the
720 is currently written So I think that
would be really valuable to send that
information to the Council
193
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think Mr Chair
at the first hearing we discussed in detail
what specifically were the Boards objections
to the Teague Petition so theres a record
of that in the transcript
HUGH RUSSELL Right And also the
Roberts draft is actually a response to those
points So you can pull out of the draft
what what were the pieces that were being
fixed and why why we felt the need to be
fixed And we can --
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM So it
wont be --
HUGH RUSSELL It wont we wont
give you the Roberts draft but well tell
you whats wrong with Teague because we owe
you that one at least in our opinion
Okay now were adjourned
(Whereupon at 1030 pm the
194
Planning Board Adjourned)
195
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197
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appropriating [1] -15717
approval [2] - 406 4715
april [1] - 19716 arbor [2] - 879 8711 architect [2] - 1116 1836
architectlawyer [2] -1832 1834
architects [1] -10811
architectural [2] -516 1032
Area [1] - 211 area [9] - 211 1818 1912 2812 291 345 438 914 1129
areas [5] - 412 876 1298 1505 1763
argument [1] - 12610 arm [1] - 1126 arrangement [2] - 92 4410
arrive [1] - 16818 arrived [1] - 117 Article [5] - 557 642 6510 947 975
article [3] - 88 913 975
articulated [2] - 775
7917 ashes [1] - 14513 Ashland [1] - 1095 aside [2] - 17015 19117
aspect [1] - 336 aspects [1] - 971 assigned [2] - 227 229
assist [1] - 1113 Assistant [2] - 113 23
Associate [1] - 111 associated [1] -12112
assume [1] - 444 assuming [1] - 4719 assumption [2] -14111 1435
assure [2] - 3912 1408
astutely [1] - 1108 ATTACH [1] - 1961 attach [1] - 453 attempt [2] - 1141 19213
attempts [1] - 1225 attend [1] - 121 attention [5] - 2715 1319 1412 1432 1902
attorneys [1] - 10810 Auburn [1] - 1127 AUDIENCE [2] -1613 673
audience [1] - 1112 August [2] - 58 716 available [3] - 3315 4518 1242
Ave [1] - 14713 avenue [1] - 1007 Avenue [10] - 15 27 119 1119 123 124 126 1216 1403 1404
avenues [1] - 6411 avoid [3] - 11210 12313 17519
aware [2] - 4414 6813
awful [1] - 681
8618 bad [5] - 393 11312 1147 1174 1568
ball [1] - 1477 Band [1] - 1088 Band-Aid [1] - 1088 bar [1] - 904 based [11] - 1116 506 5514 6016 6317 6718 12317 1264 1306 1629 17017
basement [1] - 93 basic [2] - 1202 1655
basis [2] - 996 1305 bat [1] - 538 bays [2] - 1212 148 Beady [1] - 11911 bear [1] - 9417 beautifully [1] - 1024 become [1] - 8112 becomes [1] - 813 bedrooms [1] - 243 begin [2] - 5111 12810
beginning [3] - 7717 17316 17810
begins [1] - 17813 begun [1] - 5412 behalf [1] - 122 behind [4] - 1219 2517 523 8618
benefit [1] - 3511 Bensley [4] - 212 1118 134 353
BENSLEY [2] - 3416 353
Bensleys [1] - 3515 Berkeley [2] - 1319 13316
best [7] - 386 1241 1478 15017 15111 1641 19710
better [11] - 1111 306 675 771 819 8315 9712 15913 16313 1758 1879
between [13] - 124 258 382 4314 6212 665 996 998 16310 1695 1704 19114
Beuzekom [3] -11515 1702 1915
BEUZEKOM [5] -1706 1713 1917
B
B-1 [1] - 1402 BA-1 [1] - 1448 background [1] -7419
backlog [1] - 1329 backyard [2] - 366
2
3 19111 19312 bottom [3] - 56 15915 724 7217 749 cemented [1] - 774
beyond [2] - 724 2218 17817 buildings [11] - 2217 8117 842 874 Center [1] - 15 14819 boundary [1] - 278 286 5518 5519 1026 11912 certain [8] - 5513
bicycle [2] - 155 boy [2] - 8911 839 9716 10211 candles [4] - 6118 976 9919 16416 156 15615 12918 1743 852 8518 1569 16515 17716
bidding [1] - 1711 break [2] - 283 4710 17416 1797 cannot [2] - 4018 17717 1846 big [1] - 10518 break-in [1] - 283 Buildings [1] - 14813 18614 certainly [12] - 2718 Bill [1] - 3310 BRIAN [1] - 5015 built [4] - 128 1213 cans [3] - 302 2719 3017 4416 bill [1] - 1145 Brian [3] - 113 23 1410 1289 14512 1473 471 5218 6618
bit [9] - 549 5712 1606 bulb [14] - 843 849 cantilever [1] - 221 12518 13918
5714 6711 8611 bricks [1] - 172 8419 11312 cantilevered [1] - 1507 1613 1668
9117 9418 1434 16318
briefly [2] - 5210 1083
11313 1145 1161 1162
3114 capacity [1] - 14319
certificate [1] -11719
black [2] - 2316 8619
bright [2] - 666 7615
11718 13013 13014 13213
CAPTURING [1] -118
Certificate [1] - 1185 CERTIFICATION [1] -
blend [1] - 10212 blinding [1] - 1027 block [3] - 4814 8715 8716
blogosphere [2] -1718 19119
brighter [1] - 664 brightest [1] - 666 brightness [1] - 8414 bring [16] - 1112 2619 722 921 934 953 969
17419 bulbs [1] - 873 bunch [2] - 11410 11912
bundled [2] - 1035 1036
care [2] - 421 1423 careful [3] - 762 1531 1898
carefully [3] - 7619 775 7915
carried [1] - 14513
19717 Certified [2] - 1974 19714
certify [2] - 1975 1978
CERTIFYING [1] -
blood [1] - 1976 9717 9816 994 burden [3] - 6110 carries [1] - 446 19719
blown [1] - 15516 blunt [1] - 15810
10316 1042 11316 1175
11310 14518 burns [1] - 9714
carry [1] - 1689 cars [1] - 10119
chair [14] - 162 2215 399 4019
Board [46] - 24 48 13011 1671 bus [2] - 158 159 case [13] - 56 57 4916 528 8914
52 54 513 814 BRISTOL [1] - 1973 business [6] - 112 119 2415 273 8918 1256 1347
91 919 118 broad [1] - 966 136 137 1312 4719 5517 634 13418 1644
4917 506 508 broader [1] - 1779 1411 16419 646 647 11219 18419 1931
5212 532 5314 6716 6918
broadly [1] - 545 Brookline [2] - 124
BUSINESS [1] - 22 Business [1] - 1402
12719 12913 Cases [1] - 24
Chair [4] - 17 18 474 476
10512 10514 133 button [1] - 6511 cases [7] - 53 55 challenge [1] - 1474
1061 12017 brother [1] - 3515 buttoning [1] - 727 512 14918 chance [2] - 649
12219 1263 12618 1411
brought [12] - 158 2914 3814 3819
buy [2] - 1282 1467 BY [1] - 19718
14919 16217 19010
1859 change [30] - 4612
1441 1475 1509 5119 5616 5713 by-law [1] - 5411 cast [1] - 18116 5413 5414 5417 15817 15818 1616 16114
6217 923 9513 961 1411
BZA [2] - 11415 11910
casting [2] - 8418 8419
565 5614 609 652 813 826
16115 1672 bucks [1] - 467 CATHERINE [11] - 8210 8214 932 16717 1687 17215 1732 17310 1883 1886 1904 1941 19512 1964 19616
BOARD [2] - 12 1961
board [3] - 7916 908 1237
Boards [9] - 2512 5216 5219 5810 612 14015 14110 16014 1933
boards [1] - 1111 Bobrowski [1] - 1153 books [1] - 16916 Boothe [1] - 116 borrow [1] - 4910 borrowed [2] - 5710 5711
bothersome [1] - 426
budget [4] - 11019 1421 15114 15118
build [2] - 173 10211
building [31] - 1211 167 179 2413 2813 2818 3116 3418 361 4013 4114 5613 5614 5615 827 942 943 9414 9716 988 989 9811 10313 10315 11514 1288 1403 1524 1599 15910 1757
Building [13] - 206 896 8910 9214 983 11112 11117 11516 11614 1172 11713 15113
C
C-1 [5] - 62 13614 1775 1784 17918
C-2 [3] - 638 13813 C1 [1] - 633 calendar [2] - 1701 17315
CAMBRIDGE [1] - 12 Cambridge [25] - 16 214 31 33 47 89 138 3711 4112 4516 556 6911 6913 7719 7816 1021 10319 1045 1046 1135 14012 1424 1431 17814 17819
candle [12] - 6118 6515 662 6610
71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
Catherine [4] - 111 44 1974 19713
caucus [1] - 14718 caught [1] - 1087 causing [1] - 13016 caveat [1] - 1866 CAZ [1] - 1962 CD [1] - 1276 CDC [1] - 16712 CDD [14] - 529 1101 1166 11610 12214 15011 15211 1683 17017 17018 18313 1858 1926 19212
CE [1] - 10416
9315 943 1014 1145 11711 11713 1201 1202 1286 16617 17218 17913 1847 18510 1877 1964
CHANGE [6] - 1969 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614
changed [4] - 1287 1288 13716 14515
changes [22] - 816 1711 332 579 7915 8016 921 924 10812 1229 12210 1271 1281 13419 1352 1371 16115 16116
1885 1887 17814 17819 1552 15517 8315 1026 651 8311 8813 19512 19617 18018 1856 15815 15818 comfortable [6] - 8817 10311
changing [7] - 755 Citys [3] - 592 1593 1598 7616 9616 1236 10316 1189 7511 8210 988 6518 1412 15914 15010 15310 complaints [1] -10516 13213 citywide [26] - 628 code [5] - 9914 16712 8312 18218 635 1633 16316 12715 1287 coming [2] - 1464 complaint-driven [2]
Chapter [2] - 548 16515 16519 1309 16019 1675 - 641 8813 696 1661 1665 1674 codes [1] - 1287 comment [16] - 4510 complaints [9] -
characterize [3] - 1677 1698 coffee [1] - 242 494 5810 6117 7611 834 1042 3710 726 981 16911 17515 Cohen [5] - 18 110 6217 6414 754 12619 14112
charging [1] - 13217 17713 1801 43 44 1631 7618 907 10210 14412 1456 CHARLES [4] - 1081 1805 1817 COHEN [59] - 76 87 1274 14810 1728
1085 1265 18110 18112 913 101 1018 1674 18712 complete [1] - 10718 12611 18118 1823 185 3217 459 1904 completed [1] - 1956
Charles [3] - 213 18217 18410 5016 712 7214 commentary [1] - COMPLETED [1] -1086 11116 18416 18518 739 7315 7318 1152 19517
Charlie [1] - 15410 19212 7417 8717 885 commented [1] - completely [2] - 375 Charlies [1] - 14715 Citywide [1] - 15 8912 9019 9219 8114 14618 children [1] - 1469 claim [1] - 1449 938 9313 9417 comments [18] - complexities [1] -
choice [1] - 4219 clarification [3] - 957 9512 963 5115 5216 5219 12212
choicest [1] - 1417 387 3812 3815 9818 1017 1065 882 9018 10014 complexity [1] - 887
chop [1] - 485 clarified [2] - 866 1347 1375 1499 10016 10310 compliance [8] - 954
chose [1] - 12819 1655 1547 1662 10719 12412 9511 9513 9610
CHRIS [4] - 3513 clarify [5] - 569 16715 17015 1252 1255 1315 9817 995 13219
3517 3610 3614 5613 6010 1265 17116 17211 14015 14315 16513
Chris [1] - 3514 1918 17319 17512 1619 1855 complicated [1] -
Christmas [1] - 8710 clarifying [2] - 657 1773 17712 commercial [10] - 1242
Chronicle [1] - 89 1066 17715 1781 3412 3414 997 complications [1] -
church [1] - 103 clarity [2] - 579 1786 17912 1439 16516 1881
Circadian [1] - 1339 17216 1803 1811 1819 16517 16610 complies [1] - 746
circumstances [1] -463
cities [1] - 629 citizens [2] - 1135 1729
CITY [1] - 12 city [20] - 397 5815 7718 8118 10117 1059 12213 1296 12912 13116 1338 13818 1418 14318 15117 15416 1728 17416 1763 1768
City [41] - 113 23 214 31 33 414 5511 5816 592 716 7918 8111 1013 1021 10413 12819 14613 1475 15012 15015 15115 1529 15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 16310 16616 1688 1695 17118 1734 17612
clauses [2] - 1095 10910
clear [17] - 494 515 586 727 7215 7410 8812 11012 12216 16014 1653 1656 16711 16714 1815 18415 1852
clearer [2] - 5312 1392
clearly [2] - 389 922 clerical [1] - 6115 clients [1] - 1057 cliff [2] - 1696 17112
clock [1] - 1086 close [8] - 2018 2418 2614 424 481 1283 13012 1431
closely [2] - 244 1071
closer [4] - 615 2812 677 18317
clothing [1] - 77 Code [16] - 694 6914 701 8314 924 962 1096 1097 12711
18215 1833 18310 18311 1851 1865 1895 18912 18914 19016
coincidence [1] -2310
colleague [1] - 1631 colleagues [8] - 612 102 391 4714 902 1498 15310 1621
COLLING [47] - 1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
Colling [1] - 1115 color [1] - 1468
1743 17516 18210
Commission [1] -19716
Commissioner [7] -896 8911 983 11112 11516 14718 14812
Committee [2] -10919 16612
committees [1] -1703
committing [1] -1422
common [1] - 188 COMMONWEALTH [1] - 1972
community [3] - 161 11113 1591
Community [9] - 113 115 23 1273 13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
comparing [1] - 5715 compel [2] - 561 565
complain [1] - 7517 complaining [1] -836
complaint [8] - 641
compliment [1] -7619
comply [2] - 9416 952
components [1] -1596
comprehensive [3] -1453 14616 16017
compromise [1] -4615
con [1] - 1404 conceived [1] -15411
concept [2] - 3718 404
concern [22] - 2615 2717 4415 465 4716 595 635 739 7312 7318 7815 7818 966 11710 1232 13212 1331 1521 1524 1663 16910 18413
concerned [19] - 397 4718 591 763 765 7718 7719 795 8019 824 825 831 838 8313 8611
combination [2] -
4
14111 14218 1434 16613
concerns [13] - 268 418 4418 451 497 5012 769 9615 9619 1219 14913 1504 18719
concur [7] - 4019 4117 423 8918 901 15217 1547
condenser [8] -4416 4510 4511 4514 4515 4517 466 4618
condition [6] - 314 401 453 789 12713 1281
conditional [1] -18813
conditioner [1] - 454 conditioning [4] -309 316 417 425
conditions [2] - 918 507
condoized [1] - 1810 confer [3] - 13112 1369 1736
confident [1] - 9616 confines [1] - 812 confirm [1] - 3819 confirmed [1] - 311 confirming [1] - 4016 conflict [1] - 1557 conform [5] - 6510 7119 737 9815 1309
conformance [11] -5616 607 611 612 617 962 9718 13012 1396 15110 16518
conforming [27] -1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 603 7017 7110 7910 816 922 9218 9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1365 1396
conformities [2] -333 9116
conformity [10] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 935 973 978 979 992
confused [4] -12118 1292 1343 1345
confusing [1] - 8215 confusion [3] - 631 10715 16418
congratulate [1] -4115
Connolly [2] - 111 45
CONNOLLY [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
conscious [1] - 1146 consciously [1] -1125
consensus [5] -1493 1496 16014 16716 17216
consequences [3] -5812 14210 1841
consider [5] - 993 10114 1031 15919 1622
consideration [4] -6312 6519 10413 16911
considerations [1] -5315
considered [3] -1031 1073 1363
considers [1] - 1407 consistent [3] - 626 868 1481
constitutes [2] - 826 1355
constructed [1] - 211 construction [8] -915 917 109 1011 1012 136 291 829
constructive [1] -510
consult [1] - 1166 consultant [1] - 8116 consulted [2] - 409 1734
contact [1] - 382 content [1] - 12413 context [2] - 1055 10516
continuance [1] -14110
continue [7] - 1814 322 324 5513 1398 18516
1886 Continued [2] - 219 219
continues [1] - 632 continuing [2] - 153 1584
continuous [5] - 734 1069 10614 1073 1074
CONTROL [1] -19719
control [4] - 3713 7813 15813 1597
controlled [1] - 1879 conventional [1] -504
conversation [2] -323 901
conversations [2] -5010 982
Conversion [1] - 28 conversion [2] - 195 1919
convert [4] - 27 1315 1415 4919
converted [2] - 3314 1406
conveyed [1] - 1922 conveyor [1] - 19113 convince [1] - 10315 copy [1] - 1956 core [2] - 6318 8018 corner [3] - 63 133 177
correct [14] - 1619 182 1819 1916 211 236 253 3316 11917 13415 13417 13811 17315 18310
correction [1] - 1965 corrections [2] -19512 19617
correctly [5] - 794 9914 1023 1294 1604
cost [1] - 467 costs [3] - 9816 14213 14215
Council [50] - 412 414 526 688 716 7918 1102 1231 12311 12314 12319 1249 12517 12519 1412 14613 1494 15012 15016 15115 1529
15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 1622 16214 1634 1688 1695 16915 1703 17012 17118 1731 17312 17318 17612 18018 1856 18516 1867 1885 1889 18814 19117 1922 1928 19219
COUNCILLOR [5] -1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
Councillor [3] -11515 1702 1916
councillor [1] - 1914 Councillors [1] -1475
counter [1] - 4316 country [1] - 7816 couple [6] - 411 2411 3518 7716 9818 13317
course [1] - 9713 Court [1] - 11415 court [1] - 1477 cover [3] - 484 12915 12916
covered [3] - 1717 4714 545
covers [2] - 1011 576
craft [1] - 14615 Craigy [2] - 12615 12617
crane [1] - 11316 create [5] - 214 32 286 5311 809
creates [1] - 7314 creating [3] - 303 804 856
creatures [1] - 12019 credit [1] - 7817 criticism [1] - 511 critique [3] - 10719 1082 1084
crossed [1] - 10617 crushed [1] - 289 curb [1] - 1282 curious [1] - 841 current [2] - 818 1355
cut [2] - 10410 1283 cyclists [1] - 10118
D
dally [1] - 479 damage [1] - 2616 damn [1] - 1478 dark [2] - 2216 1043 Dash [1] - 116 DATE [1] - 1961 date [3] - 911 13710 1966
daughters [1] - 1533 day-to-day [1] - 1749 days [4] - 285 11815 1694
deal [6] - 6815 7110 803 1522 1602 1725
dealing [5] - 7912 809 1008 1428 15119
decades [1] - 13616 deceased [1] - 135 December [1] - 912 decibel [1] - 461 decide [6] - 525 11813 12016 1244 12519 15116
decision [6] - 1133 11811 11815 1261 1883 19210
decisions [1] - 1157 deck [7] - 149 2611 301 347 348 3411 357
decker [2] - 1216 1217
decorative [1] - 1079 dedicated [2] - 3319 14818
deemed [2] - 766 1004
deer [1] - 13318 defer [1] - 917 define [1] - 4017 defined [4] - 217 1141 1142 1203
defining [2] - 3815 12010
definitely [1] - 4715 definition [4] - 7710 8212 944 11618
definitions [4] - 214 576 735 11413
degree [2] - 15819 delay [1] - 406 delete [2] - 10714 1295
deleted [1] - 6315
5
delivered [4] - 1953 1957 1958 19510
demand [1] - 9812 demarcate [1] - 3116 demolition [1] - 2819 demonstrate [1] -10514
demonstrated [1] -6113
dense [1] - 3719 denser [1] - 1438 density [2] - 1651 1652
Department [13] -718 10416 11117 1166 11614 14619 15113 15915 1733 1737 1868 1954 1959
departments [1] -16311
describe [1] - 186 described [3] - 6017 801 894
Design [2] - 216 1116
design [1] - 4115 desire [2] - 94 14411
desired [2] - 9710 9719
despite [2] - 1089 detail [2] - 645 1932 details [5] - 403 408 5013 11913 1612
detectors [1] - 10612 deteriorated [1] -1516
deterioration [1] -177
determination [1] -752
determine [4] - 8312 8411 14915 1514
determined [3] - 211 2712 1738
develop [4] - 2913 14318 14319 1611
developed [2] - 2911 3113
developers [1] -14214
developing [1] -16017
Development [8] -113 115 23
13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
development [2] -703 1419
Developments [1] -1273
deviate [1] - 5317 device [1] - 18119 diagram [2] - 786 791
dialogue [1] - 2514 diameter [1] - 1049 diametric [1] - 4013 difference [4] - 4513 469 1299 1561
differences [1] -1105
different [26] - 2415 2416 5419 552 624 625 6916 7018 8412 9015 9410 9411 1109 1142 12013 12019 1225 12211 12219 16110 1622 17414 17415 17811 1827
differently [2] - 197 392
difficult [4] - 5910 5913 6517 1414
difficulty [1] - 16919 dilly [1] - 478 dimensional [2] -816 505
dimensionally [2] -331 504
diminished [1] -1048
diminishing [1] -1416
direct [6] - 736 1069 1115 1389 17819 1798
DIRECT [1] - 19719 Direct [1] - 215 direction [2] - 865 8919
DIRECTION [1] -19719
directions [1] - 3912 directly [2] - 244 6015
directness [1] - 579 disagree [4] - 1587 18215 1839 1848
discomfort [1] - 756 discover [2] - 13215
15516 discovering [1] -15810
discovers [1] - 18412 discretionary [1] -5313
discuss [4] - 3215 3917 4010 1859
discussed [4] - 507 1227 18014 1932
discusses [1] - 707 discussion [13] -5019 5112 1092 10918 12319 13816 15213 16210 1639 1645 1647 1832 1834
discussions [3] -416 10711 17017
disposal [2] - 1459 15714
distance [4] - 1512 455 457 4512
distinction [2] - 996 9911
distribution [3] -1610 1611 1968
District [5] - 817 818 1314 505 1402
district [6] - 16415 16419 1651 1652 1678 1806
Districts [6] - 34 13614 13813 15615 1775 1784
districts [20] - 625 6212 6213 633 637 12918 12919 1383 1388 13815 1417 16416 16419 1658 16516 16610 16614 1744 1818 18417
divide [2] - 198 226 division [1] - 13310 DO [1] - 1965 Doctor [1] - 1428 document [1] - 574 documents [1] -14515
DOES [1] - 19718 dog [1] - 1177 done [15] - 264 2913 436 448
4413 522 7018 886 919 11919 12411 13219 1503 15711
door [4] - 1712 2114 442 6615
doubt [2] - 13114 13312
down [21] - 173 176 2218 485 566 669 8518 865 11111 11117 11514 11515 11613 11615 1173 1183 12011 13819 14315 1536 17817
downwards [1] - 895 draft [9] - 5213 5214 5217 1479 17111 19116 1937 1938 19315
drafted [5] - 7915 1503 15312 1629 17219
drafting [3] - 12510 1604 1843
drawing [2] - 217 3013
drawings [1] - 917 drink [1] - 3417 drive [1] - 761 driven [2] - 641 8813
driveway [10] - 94 95 145 146 1413 1715 8612 8617 1128 1283
driveways [1] -10611
duration [1] - 1012 during [6] - 9712 9713 1063 13319 13515 15410
Dwelling [1] - 210 dwelling [3] - 210 1310 503
dynamics [1] - 10116
easy [3] - 672 11315 18316
echo [1] - 902 edges [1] - 12916 Edmunds [1] - 1087 educational [1] -14219
effect [7] - 152 287 782 1064 14312 1657 16911
effective [4] - 7813 16217 1698 17114
efforts [2] - 918 1218
egress [1] - 149 eight [7] - 111 4217 475 4814 4818 494
either [9] - 495 615 11812 11814 1309 14114 14410 15017 19018
elaborated [1] -16318
Electrical [1] - 9215 electricity [1] - 1467 elements [3] - 10815 10817 1126
eleventh [1] - 18012 elimination [1] -17816
emphasis [1] - 773 empire [1] - 129 empty [1] - 518 enable [1] - 546 enabling [1] - 685 Enabling [1] - 719 enact [1] - 1891 enacted [2] - 18514 18515
enacting [1] - 16216 enactment [1] - 1051 enclave [1] - 2614 encompass [1] -15617
encompassing [1] -9210
encourage [4] - 613 712 4617 14317
end [10] - 97 629 7118 7713 1159 12014 17317 18016 18515 1897
endorsing [1] -18512
ends [1] - 1556 enforce [21] - 5910 7011 1071
E
e-mail [2] - 1014 1323
early [1] - 18815 easel [1] - 1112 easier [1] - 6711 easily [1] - 498 east [2] - 2016 4813
6
11112 11217 1109 1142 7217 19210 222 4112 10313 11517 11813 14710 except [3] - 12814 explanations [1] - fancier [1] - 1564 11814 1291 entirety [1] - 1355 18812 19616 905 far [4] - 1325 14518 12911 14116 entitled [1] - 7714 exceptions [4] - 589 explicit [2] - 11413 1462 1701 14319 1441 entrance [1] - 3116 5812 9212 14713 fast [1] - 15216 14916 15112 entrances [1] - 10710 explicitly [2] - 11013 favor [5] - 511 514 1566 1583 17411 excuse [3] - 13019 1796 15218 15219 18910 19215 entry [1] - 1717 13418 1584 expressed [2] - 464 15917 19216 enumerated [1] - exempt [1] - 1068 14911 favorably [1] - 1102
enforceability [1] - 1388 exercise [1] - 906 extend [1] - 277 fee [1] - 11817 1482 environment [3] - exist [1] - 1808 extended [1] - 16315 feedback [1] - 678
enforceable [1] - 381 10213 1033 existed [1] - 12818 extension [4] - 910 fees [1] - 1131 19214 environmental [1] - existence [5] - 5412 2113 5415 5416 feet [9] - 192 1912
enforced [15] - 6015 7815 5717 1002 extensive [2] - 109 4217 4317 4319 6916 11411 environments [1] - 12712 12713 5811 4818 744 7510 12716 12717 1598 existing [45] - 27 extent [7] - 553 1795 15518 1562 equipment [2] - 172 175 1710 5919 9019 9112 fell [1] - 95 15914 1636 14118 17411 184 1812 2018 9315 13011 fellow [3] - 464 1637 1659 1901 equivalent [2] - 855 222 3315 369 14716 4917 7916 1906 1907 1408 3610 3815 544 exterior [4] - 2617 felt [3] - 1509 19011 era [1] - 14513 561 566 5611 3010 948 10511 16214 19310
enforcement [33] - Errata [4] - 1952 6218 7012 7110 external [2] - 1155 few [3] - 467 915 5313 5912 5914 1955 19513 7114 806 953 1178 1898 6317 641 644 1967 956 973 977 extra [2] - 1689 field [1] - 1513 6411 7018 759 ERRATA [3] - 1951 9814 1149 1188 1898 figure [4] - 627 832 8813 9115 19517 1963 12011 1282 extremely [2] - 4518 1565 15813 9319 985 1106 errata [1] - 1966 1308 13113 466 19213 1118 1119 espouse [1] - 15611 13214 13411 eye [1] - 667 figures [1] - 1131 11115 11118 essence [1] - 15517 1516 1561 1566 file [2] - 6419 14411 11518 1204 13819 1394
essentially [4] -5817 929 9317
16117 1649 16719 1721
F filed [2] - 17314 17316
14114 1522 15619 1601 16314 16417 1721 1723 1896
enforcer [1] - 11612 enforcing [2] - 586 888
engage [1] - 1246 engaging [1] - 16019 engineered [1] -15419
engineers [2] -10211 10810
enhancement [1] -1519
enjoy [1] - 784 enjoyment [2] -11214 1413
enlargement [2] -9412 9414
enlarging [1] - 957 enormous [1] - 4512 enter [1] - 148 entering [2] - 10613 1798
enthusiasm [1] -16211
9918 established [2] - 696 13517
establishment [1] -1382
estate [1] - 74 et [1] - 213 etcetera [5] - 2610 1069 17816
evening [3] - 46 121 2314
eventually [2] - 6812 1685
everywhere [1] -9613
evidence [1] - 616 exacerbated [1] -333
exactly [8] - 813 10917 13617 1514 16110 16111 1747 19210
examine [1] - 6911 example [4] - 6912 10214 14211 1467
17218 1757 1896
expand [2] - 12913 12916
expanding [1] - 1041 expansiveness [1] -9516
expedient [2] -17110 1759
expense [1] - 1186 experience [4] - 386 7014 912 15814
experienced [2] -1191 16019
expert [8] - 6818 914 1114 15016 1513 15416 15514 1603
expertise [4] - 10416 10418 14115 14118
experts [7] - 10414 10811 1121 1339 1531 1557 16813
expiration [1] - 911 expire [1] - 10911
facade [3] - 63 488 4812
facilitate [1] - 601 facilities [1] - 17616 Facilities [1] - 216 facility [2] - 1746 17410
facing [4] - 1111 1026 15117 17616
fact [10] - 568 604 766 792 8115 8216 12716 1583 1592 1824
factors [1] - 582 failing [1] - 14215 fails [1] - 1821 fairly [1] - 3016 fall [8] - 1501 17317 17617 18117 1862 1888 18815
falling [2] - 1661 1825
falls [1] - 944 familiar [1] - 241
filled [2] - 69 713 final [5] - 9912 11815 11816 11915 1302
findings [1] - 506 fine [5] - 2515 6713 10417 1138 15811
finish [1] - 1386 finished [1] - 1132 firm [1] - 1093 firs [1] - 3518 first [23] - 48 2310 248 283 5018 576 6818 693 714 7116 799 8114 8818 908 9118 10216 10219 12614 13110 1349 1549 15919 1932
firsthand [1] - 7010 five [1] - 1449 fix [18] - 615 11016 11510 15412 1553 15616
entire [3] - 1012 examples [3] - 6919 Expires [1] - 19716 families [1] - 9910 17514 1767 12912 14613 7010 10912 explain [1] - 12711 family [7] - 122 18010 18019
entirely [4] - 2817 exceed [2] - 723 explaining [2] - 1483 1317 1416 1518 18513 18515
7
8 18519 1869 1739 15816 657 6717 7313 hearing [15] - 118 1881 1891 1894 forwarded [1] - 1927 grain [1] - 10417 814 8219 881 5114 5218 5315 19012 four [1] - 1039 grandfather [2] - 913 981 9912 683 8114 1011
fixed [2] - 19310 fourth [1] - 1056 1122 1157 10013 1075 11819 1399 19311 fox [1] - 13318 grandfathered [6] - 12118 1551 1436 14911
fixing [1] - 6812 framework [2] - 554 1139 11410 1882 16611 17312 fixture [17] - 793 5514 1285 1328 guesses [1] - 16813 1765 1932 827 8211 8213 8616 921 923
frankly [3] - 4510 4612 15612
13810 14512 grandfathering [19] -
guy [2] - 1191 11911
hearings [1] - 5714 HEARINGS [1] - 26
926 933 11010 free [1] - 662 9611 1099 1106 guys [4] - 1192 hedge [8] - 2418 11012 11315 11716 1307
friendly [1] - 1262 frivolous [6] - 7611
11013 1137 1167 1207 1208
1195 12016 19114
276 2918 429 4315 448 4818
13010 13016 17510
834 835 837 14112
1278 12817 1332 1394 1451 H
495 hedges [1] - 414
fixtures [8] - 567 FROM [1] - 1613 14917 1508 hedging [1] - 4212 602 603 6014 10516 11714 17418 18116
flashing [2] - 10118 1074
flawed [1] - 14912 fledged [1] - 1692 floodlight [1] - 1828 floodlighting [3] -13613 17917 1807
floodlights [1] - 1744 floor [4] - 211 63 283 851
focus [3] - 2910 15619 18116
folks [3] - 397 496 13216
follow [1] - 10011 Following [1] - 219 following [4] - 214 5213 17815
foot [22] - 126 1715 199 2113 4810 4814 495 6118 6514 6515 6610 723 7217 749 842 852 855 8517 1025 11912 1569
footprint [1] - 2817 FOR [1] - 12 foregoing [1] - 19616 FOREGOING [1] -19717
form [2] - 5217 1747
former [1] - 7014 fort [1] - 1571 forth [5] - 1028 15610 1841 19113 1979
forward [10] - 3819 4119 4913 5516 6410 6413 807 12318 1716
front [4] - 146 1711 3519 8613
full [2] - 1102 1692 full-fledged [1] -1692
fuller [1] - 16114 fully [2] - 543 1507 functional [1] - 9715 fundamental [1] -1202
fundamentally [2] -12019 14912
funds [1] - 15717 future [2] - 8010 1514
G
game [1] - 14411 garage [2] - 1212 148
garbage [4] - 302 1197 1473
gate [1] - 8618 gee [1] - 18211 GENERAL [2] - 12 22
general [8] - 539 558 642 7716 8919 915 1291 15711
General [2] - 218 802
generally [6] - 862 971 14517 1547 15917 18915
gesturing [1] - 787 given [2] - 2413 1855
glare [1] - 216 glasses [1] - 516 goal [1] - 18517 gonna [1] - 11813 gosh [1] - 15518 government [1] -
1602 17519 1761 1877
grandmothering [1] -1878
granted [3] - 814 445 1137
grates [1] - 284 Great [1] - 4312 great [18] - 49 3013 3018 329 336 338 339 4111 4216 4419 516 713 714 816 919 16218 1749
greater [2] - 210 553
green [1] - 1216 Green [3] - 1399 13915 1401
Greg [1] - 1115 GREGORY [47] -1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
grey [1] - 13318 grocery [1] - 1511 gross [2] - 211 1911 ground [4] - 63 383 788 864
grow [1] - 4217 grows [1] - 10117 guess [18] - 1019 2411 2815 3311
half [13] - 127 128 1219 139 458 6118 662 6610 723 7217 7518 8116 1405
hand [2] - 1915 19711
handbook [1] - 1153 handle [1] - 11110 hands [1] - 593 hands) [1] - 512 happy [5] - 4416 451 1497 1499 19110
hard [3] - 477 844 11315
hardship [4] - 13211 13215 13216 13218
harm [1] - 16218 harmed [1] - 14311 Harvard [1] - 13310 HAWKINSON [2] -14712 1914
Hawkinson [1] -14712
head [4] - 168 10119 1022 15513
health [7] - 1112 1115 1331 1335 1423 14210 14216
hear [8] - 3016 3017 402 675 12118 1251 19110 1924
heard [14] - 55 5017 6814 12317 12618 13111 13413 14113 1445 14415 14714 1621 16317 17515
HEARING [1] - 12
height [5] - 414 429 4212 4215 14010
held [2] - 5718 16310
help [8] - 8116 1226 1324 13218 13813 16019 1612 1624
helpful [1] - 17014 helps [3] - 1397 15819
hereby [1] - 19617 hereinbefore [1] -1979
hereunto [1] - 19711 hi [1] - 1110 Hi [1] - 1446 HID [3] - 12813 13013 13014
high [5] - 279 6119 629 667 11316
higher [1] - 1651 highlight [1] - 7817 hire [6] - 10414 15016 1522 15416 1603 16812
historian [1] - 13618 historical [1] - 1043 hit [1] - 8018 hold [4] - 8513 1051 1252 1571
home [1] - 1519 homeowner [1] -1183
honorable [1] -17612
hood [1] - 13213 hope [4] - 1158 1694 16914 17810
hopefully [2] - 8818 11511
hoping [4] - 1414
9 679 1266 1928 1835 1863 1866 10310 1111 indulge [1] - 14017 494 1977
horizontally [1] - 863 18612 18616 14816 15117 indulgence [2] - interesting [3] - 785 Hospital [1] - 1127 18619 1873 1523 18616 2513 3119 9110 1215 hot [1] - 1033 18812 18819 importantly [1] - industrial [3] - interests [1] - 1846
Hotel [2] - 89 812 18915 1903 1515 16610 1743 interfere [1] - 3914
hour [3] - 116 1092 1908 1912 1916 impossible [1] - 17517 interim [2] - 1623 18012 1919 1936 10314 inexpensive [1] - 16917
hours [2] - 1192 house [37] - 127
19314 Hugh [8] - 17 42
improper [1] - 1459 improve [1] - 1275
4218 infestation [1] - 1457
interpretation [1] -1849
128 129 1219 139 1310 222 244 2419 2518 269 2617 3017
3118 8011 8319 1212 14413 15214
Hughs [1] - 751
improved [2] - 335 4910
improvement [1] -8017
informal [1] - 16918 information [1] -19219
informed [1] - 13619
interpreted [1] - 9119 interrupt [1] - 1348 interrupted [1] -6712
376 414 437 hundreds [1] - 12714 improving [1] - 2919 initial [2] - 5317 intersection [1] -4315 4318 458 husband [1] - 135 impulse [1] - 1425 8215 1284 4719 489 4810 4816 742 743 I
IN [1] - 19711 inaudible [3] - 1077
initiate [1] - 16016 insert [2] - 17812
invisible [1] - 1716 involve [1] - 933
8612 9419 953 1157 17315 17815 involved [1] - 248 968 1059 10510 10511 1177 1184 1282 1289 1879
houses [1] - 481 hue [1] - 4215 hues [2] - 4216 4217
huge [1] - 10517 HUGH [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693 1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831
idea [6] - 517 2613 338 355 4211 1664
ideal [1] - 15414 ignore [1] - 1728 ignored [1] - 1366 illegally [1] - 1364 illuminance [8] - 581 582 848 8417 851 8515 8517 862
illuminating [1] -1024
illumination [3] -598 7715 11618
Illumination [1] - 33 illustrating [1] - 887 imagine [1] - 13313 imagining [1] - 856 immediate [2] - 5011 15715
immediately [2] -7114 17313
immortal [1] - 19019 immune [1] - 1418 impact [7] - 1514 984 1032 10518 12919 1518 1677
impacted [1] - 12917 impacts [1] - 16516 implementing [1] -17711
implication [1] -1854
implications [2] -1204 1207
implicit [1] - 14714 imply [1] - 632 important [12] -3618 371 396 434 437 9111
inaudible) [2] - 202 484
Inaudible) [2] - 2311 12116
INC [1] - 117 incandescent [2] -12810 12815
incandescents [1] -12812
inches [1] - 1048 inclined [1] - 916 include [6] - 363 364 16015 1732 1796
included [9] - 577 589 596 5918 7914 10618 1614 16112
includes [1] - 1331 including [3] - 9115 18716 18918
income [1] - 1813 incorporate [1] -1219
increase [1] - 592 increasingly [1] -7815
incredible [1] -19113
indeed [1] - 718 Index [1] - 36 indicate [1] - 19512 indicated [2] - 914 1808
indicating [1] -12512
Indirect [1] - 215 indirect [3] - 32 34 734
individual [3] - 654 756 7511
indoor [3] - 596 599 10213
Inspectional [4] -941 9812 14510 15718
Inspector [1] - 206 install [3] - 9215 1759
installed [2] - 562 13611
installer [2] - 6110 6113
installing [2] - 8815 10218
instance [4] - 588 5814 5818 987
instances [2] - 5510 1756
instead [1] - 653 INSTRUCTIONS [3] -1951 19511 1964
instructions [1] -1968
instrument [2] -1046 15811
instrumentation [1] -1206
instruments [1] -11619
insurance [2] - 75 1184
intend [1] - 2916 intended [3] - 722 16011 1799
intends [2] - 6416 1755
intensely [1] - 15815 intensity [1] - 858 intent [2] - 539 7413 intention [1] - 1698 interaction [1] - 382 interest [3] - 3014 413 12619
interested [3] - 2412
inward [1] - 272 issue [32] - 2918 307 4210 5313 541 545 715 773 777 7815 7818 881 1122 11910 12216 1242 1305 1337 13311 13313 14917 1507 1508 1512 15119 1602 1648 1766 1844 1845 18611 1887
issues [11] - 6412 8018 872 1272 1338 1515 1516 15117 1525 15812 1682
item [5] - 48 51 5111 648 1353
iteration [1] - 312 itself [6] - 364 3616 5215 6012 19514 1966
J
jail [1] - 8717 jam [1] - 417 Jeff [25] - 5116 521 529 6712 711 713 7618 797 904 906 9019 10015 10017 10112 1066 1108 1142 12710 1294 13415 1606 1662 16818 1717 1742
JEFF [31] - 528
6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514 9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
Jeffs [2] - 1217 1225
Jo [3] - 1317 1319 19016
JO [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
job [7] - 516 6812 713 714 887 1012 1324
John [2] - 14711 14712
JOHN [2] - 14712 1914
judgment [2] - 1719 18314
July [3] - 13 415 55
jurisdiction [1] - 461 justification [1] -1426
kinds [2] - 9919 1248
kitchen [2] - 4316 4815
knowledge [5] - 319 349 7418 912 19710
known [1] - 1361
L
lab [1] - 1406 lack [4] - 14117 14118
lacks [2] - 14114 1435
ladder [2] - 4318 442
laid [3] - 946 1473 1879
Lamp [1] - 215 lamp [1] - 5910 lamps [1] - 1022 land [1] - 1153 landscape [2] - 2913 4412
landscaping [1] -5013
language [35] - 2816 5516 5517 609 726 7313 765 7914 1015 10115 1225 12317 12318 1264 12914 12916 1617 1618 1628 16216 1649 1653 16712 16816 1716 17218 17614 17619 1774 17719 17916 18114 18211 18519 1877
languages [1] -14610
large [2] - 3016 15819
largely [1] - 5317 larger [1] - 1616 largest [1] - 1043 last [18] - 510 98 4412 5314 715 772 10813 10918 11716 12117 1267 13116 1405 14013 14911 1619 1817 18711
lastly [1] - 1148 late [1] - 1813 law [8] - 5411 559 774 9919 1291 1421 1847 18919
Law [5] - 717 1166 1733 1736 1868
lawful [1] - 12718 lawfully [4] - 5412 12712 12713
laws [3] - 546 548 698
Lawson [1] - 1974 lawyer [1] - 1837 lawyers [1] - 11214 laxer [1] - 1437 layman [1] - 1275 laymens [1] - 845 learned [1] - 13817 lease [2] - 3615 3815
leases [7] - 361 369 3610 4017 4613 4616
least [10] - 666 9318 1042 12913 1596 16417 18411 18911 1902 19317
leave [3] - 9217 1333 1358
leaving [1] - 10613 left [6] - 1210 1217 6116 6311 8213
legal [11] - 151 154 563 6819 922 11211 1169 1365 1396 16912 1845
legitimacy [2] -12719 13112
legitimate [1] - 7516 Lesley [2] - 104 108 less [5] - 1818 192 5312 14311 1523
lesson [1] - 14011 letters [1] - 11812 level [9] - 4517 462 662 7419 753 14219 1655 16518 17012
Li [5] - 134 136 2713 439 4418
Lianne [6] - 212 1118 2718 288 308 499
Liannes [1] - 259 license [1] - 828
License [1] - 19715 life [2] - 9713 1556 Light [2] - 215 215 light [82] - 3115 5113 5611 604 6011 6019 616 663 6614 704 707 7113 736 743 7519 7615 781 7813 7818 8211 8213 849 8413 8414 8416 8417 8419 856 858 8513 8517 8814 893 1025 10219 10414 10516 1072 1073 1074 10815 10817 10818 10819 11011 1113 1114 1115 1124 1129 1138 11311 11312 1143 1147 11518 12011 1307 13115 13214 13315 1388 1389 1429 1432 14312 1453 14919 15119 1535 17819 1798 17910 17914 18116 18117 1825 18212
Lighting [2] - 32 34 lighting [73] - 3111 3113 395 398 3910 3913 5012 544 561 562 566 5611 5615 5815 592 596 599 659 687 703 7016 793 846 8615 8616 898 914 9216 951 953 961 9610 9711 9712 9718 9813 9814 995 10215 10515 1067 10610 1079 10811 1097 1126 11512 11513 11917 1338 13410 13412 13517 1361 13610 1372 1409 14617 1471 1478 1532 1597
16018 1747 1748 17412 17417 1753 1758 17818 18518
lights [22] - 217 3114 3911 8710 10116 10119 10212 1032 1035 10410 10816 1116 1149 11410 1162 1175 12810 13112 13113 1321 1878
limit [1] - 17710 limitations [5] -16411 16414 1722 1724 1727
Limitations [1] - 218 limited [2] - 1002 15113
limits [1] - 1018 Lincoln [1] - 11215 LINE [1] - 1969 line [13] - 1010 2111 2419 261 271 277 455 4610 482 724 745 11217 1353
list [5] - 49 1014 639 10710 12614
listen [2] - 9013 9016
listened [2] - 771 12617
lit [2] - 8117 1129 literally [1] - 296 litigated [2] - 14918 14919
live [4] - 1325 13914 1401 1448
lives [1] - 2311 living [8] - 615 1814 3719 424 1438 14310 14312 14514
Liza [6] - 115 514 617 71 87 1113
LIZA [17] - 414 54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
located [1] - 1044 location [4] - 61 4415 4514 7512
K
Kaya [2] - 89 812 keep [3] - 5316 668 978
Kelly [1] - 11911 Ken [1] - 12616 Kendall [1] - 1762 Kenneth [1] - 12615 KENNETH [9] -12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
key [2] - 4513 1139 KeyWord [1] - 36 kidding [1] - 18710 kids [1] - 77 kind [17] - 286 3012 311 4212 594 651 6511 8413 852 891 9211 1027 16317 1725 17417 1789 1924
10
locations [2] - 1510 1023 15717 15718 2717 308 10318 modified [4] - 5517 671 map [1] - 157 MEANS [1] - 19718 1076 1368 15911
long-term [1] - 18517 March [1] - 1132 meant [6] - 568 Merrimack [1] - 1116 1617 look [22] - 513 103 MARILYN [4] - 5613 631 974 meter [2] - 8511 modify [2] - 33 532 242 2417 298 13912 13916 1159 1653 8514 moles [1] - 1342 305 3714 496 13919 14316 measure [9] - 8414 method [1] - 11010 moment [5] - 509 6213 663 6912 Marilyn [2] - 13912 8510 8511 metrics [1] - 1603 533 1348 17016 6918 815 10619 1401 15013 1553 mic [1] - 1802 1814 1174 11810 Marjorie [2] - 1399 15613 16216 microphone [2] - money [2] - 13218 13117 1567 13910 1633 16313 674 677 14117 1748 1754 1755 mark [1] - 492 measured [2] - 852 midsummer [3] - month [2] - 406 18317 Mark [6] - 2311 863 413 1695 1705 1579
looked [4] - 59 196 2315 4310 4415 measurement [1] - might [39] - 272 months [3] - 411 6919 11610 472 4718 874 293 294 295 915 1898
looking [13] - 5712 MARK [15] - 2314 measuring [1] - 297 4218 447 mood [1] - 393 5715 646 779 258 2519 263 15413 4413 482 4814 morning [2] - 242 7713 788 1061 266 279 2714 meat [1] - 15913 5718 606 7114 1195 17414 17415 2814 305 315 mechanical [1] - 499 782 966 993 mortar [1] - 172 17610 17613 3110 3117 329 mechanicals [3] - 996 1007 1032 most [14] - 77 246 1778 1789 491 493 388 389 3810 10317 1052 3710 4713 597
looks [6] - 105 Marks [1] - 451 mechanism [3] - 10512 10518 7711 9110 9111 2016 253 306 market [1] - 1022 6916 823 8813 1063 1079 16215 1654 761 10812 marks [3] - 254 mechanisms [2] - 12314 1348 17113 17114
lots [1] - 189 19514 1966 819 15916 1435 1437 1759 1813 loud [1] - 4511 markups [1] - 1858 Medical [1] - 13310 15818 16217 mostly [1] - 5210 low [1] - 6210 marriage [1] - 1976 meet [1] - 14515 16517 16519 motion [8] - 4913 lower [2] - 6617 masonry [1] - 178 Meeting [1] - 25 1689 17118 4918 5014 5019 1652 Mass [2] - 701 meeting [14] - 47 1779 1867 511 10117
lowering [1] - 14215 14713 413 415 418 18613 1904 10611 1072 lowest [1] - 662 MASSACHUSETTS 2914 6710 mile [1] - 7518 Mount [1] - 1127 Luminaire [1] - 215 [1] - 1972 13116 1696 mind [4] - 4118 mouth [1] - 14414 luminaire [3] - 664 Massachusetts [6] - 1704 1705 1707 7215 835 10617 move [4] - 3011 1795 1799 15 16 1117 1856 1857 mine [1] - 259 4119 6410 676
luminance [6] - 847 1045 1403 1404 18511 minimal [1] - 746 moved [4] - 106 848 8411 8415 match [1] - 1713 meetings [2] - 11113 minimally [1] - 1514 138 5015 1739 855 15610 material [4] - 289 1817 minimum [4] - 211 movement [1] - 272
lux [2] - 8511 8514 1034 1035 1036 materials [2] - 2716
meets [3] - 1913 732
1818 665 13011 minor [2] - 796
moving [1] - 4511 multi [4] - 999
M 415 matter [11] - 102
MEMBER [2] - 1613 673
1654 minute [3] - 111
10313 1578 1579
magic [1] - 116 magnitudes [1] -10411
mail [2] - 1014 1323 main [1] - 17812 maintain [3] - 5610 9516 973
maintenance [1] -5013
Maintenance [1] -216
major [6] - 1103
4314 6115 14019 1421 1422 14417 1572 1976 1977
matters [4] - 4010 6819 916 16814
maximizing [1] -14214
mean [25] - 3410 384 483 7515 8211 832 839 883 9315 963 9613 10415
Member [7] - 18 19 19 110 110 111 111
members [7] - 121 513 7916 908 9013 1237 15511
Members [2] - 42 4917
memo [5] - 7914 7918 19116 1924 1929
memorialize [1] -
1086 1254 minutes [2] - 479 11914
miscellaneous [1] -706
misgivings [1] -14419
missed [1] - 1436 missing [5] - 7711 7715 785 11413 17713
mistaken [1] - 9913 models [1] - 5719
multi-family [1] -10313
multi-month [1] -1579
multi-unit [1] - 999 multi-year [1] - 1578 multiple [2] - 1449 14610
municipal [20] - 687 11917 1453 14615 14616 1478 15018 1541 15419
1104 1201 10614 1261 1149 modern [2] - 14011 15712 1601 13718 14210 12717 13013 memorialized [1] - 17413 16017 16018
Manager [4] - 113 13912 1644 1163 modification [4] - 16212 1692 15115 16310 1654 1717 1726 memorializing [1] - 16719 1683 1701 18717 17119 17914 1809 1277 1688 17018 Municipal [7] - 547
manager [1] - 23 1852 memory [1] - 9913 modifications [4] - 694 8314 1096 manner [3] - 552 means [5] - 8417 mention [1] - 432 5211 5310 1097 11018 6413 1574 8516 12717 mentioned [4] - 16113 1629 1247
manufactured [1] -
11
Murphy [2] - 113 23 MURPHY [1] - 5015 music [2] - 1532 1536
must [6] - 659 951 14416 1467 1727
N
nails [1] - 12011 name [6] - 1115 2312 352 3514 13919 1446
natural [1] - 9713 nature [1] - 295 nay [1] - 1538 near [1] - 4815 nearby [2] - 159 1510
nearly [1] - 7712 necessarily [3] -5610 6417 7518
necessary [1] - 269 need [21] - 2616 327 387 388 3812 3814 3819 411 6314 9012 9016 9319 10414 11713 12415 12913 12915 14618 15713 1861 19310
needed [1] - 15015 needs [6] - 2912 1512 1531 15711 15719 1921
neighbor [6] - 4419 463 6615 6811 788 878
neighbors [1] - 443 neighborhood [11] -67 1514 1519 2319 11116 1121 11612 1193 1321 13314 13316
neighbors [10] - 384 3913 5819 7612 11211 11212 11419 1457 17511
network [1] - 685 never [3] - 1159 12715 1287
new [25] - 211 214 32 49 84 173 2819 5518 5616 5915 634 6313
703 817 828 9215 958 9716 1184 12110 1309 1368 1369
newer [2] - 602 1752
news [2] - 412 1610 newspaper [1] - 1611 Newton [2] - 701 801
Newtons [1] - 6919 next [13] - 410 51 104 1013 112 416 442 5111 6316 6615 7613 11519 1869
next-door [2] - 442 6615
nice [6] - 304 3718 4114 496 4911 11616
nicely [1] - 11519 night [12] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 10117 10412 11617 11619 1206 1337 13314 1344
nightmare [1] - 8219 nobody [3] - 3218 14511 18213
noise [14] - 2717 287 3015 416 4516 4517 4617 498 6912 7112 1409 14210 1432 1532
Non [2] - 27 28 non [44] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 195 3219 333 337 4919 558 5512 569 5611 602 6213 6819 7110 7910 816 9112 9116 922 9212 9216 973 978 979 992 9919 1005 1009 10510 1073 1074 1285 1286 1364 1396 15110 1806 1896
non-conformance [1] - 15110
non-conforming [23] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 7110 7910 816 922
9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1396
non-conformities [2] - 333 9116
non-conformity [9] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 973 978 979 992
non-continuous [2] -1073 1074
non-enforcement [1] - 1896
non-residential [4] -195 4919 6213 1806
Non-Residential [2] -27 28
non-zoning [2] -6819 1005
nonetheless [1] -15814
Norfolk [2] - 56 714 noses [1] - 296 NOT [3] - 19514 1965 19718
Notary [3] - 1967 1975 19714
notations [2] -19514 1966
note [7] - 619 6414 656 657 734 1043 1964
noted [2] - 7413 19617
notes [4] - 14014 1696 17112 1979
nothing [4] - 4611 4614 1454 1708
notice [1] - 1847 notify [1] - 1673 notion [3] - 1552 1694 17016
nowadays [1] - 4518 noxious [1] - 14311 nuisance [2] - 805 11213
nuisances [1] -11218
number [3] - 210 665 1165
numbering [1] - 575 numbers [1] - 2510 NUR [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
Nur [2] - 111 1917
O 8616 8617 9912 1023 1025 1029 1055 1065 1077 1118 11217 1195 1258 12710 12814 1333 14810 14916 1533 1534 1535 15617 1608 1626 16415 1757 17517 1778 18015 1917 19317
ones [1] - 1414 one-story [3] - 1210 1311 1815
onerous [2] - 994 1186
ones [4] - 2018 214 216 11717
ongoing [1] - 808 open [8] - 225 334 3313 3315 342 3511 3715 5218
opening [1] - 958 openings [3] - 2015 2017 1799
opinion [2] - 6013 19317
opossums [1] - 1343 opportunities [1] -6412
opportunity [3] -4010 1674 18210
opposed [2] - 8316 10218
opposites [1] - 1534 opposition [1] - 403 opt [1] - 17310 order [4] - 535 6715 1058 14016
Ordinance [56] - 214 5410 554 556 594 684 695 6915 705 7011 747 7810 7812 791 802 10919 11018 11217 11816 1247 12411 1279 12816 12911 1306 13416 1352 1356 1357 1358 13510 1362 13615 1374 13712 13713 13716 13717 1381
oclock [1] - 475 OGrady [1] - 13119 objections [1] - 1933 observation [1] -15515
observations [1] -1549
observatory [1] -10410
observed [1] - 6015 obviously [7] - 2615 357 3617 484 7719 963 15112
occupancy [1] - 1181 Occupancy [1] -1186
occupied [2] - 1317 186
occupier [1] - 2315 occupy [1] - 502 occur [1] - 2817 occurring [1] - 3014 October [1] - 2319 OF [7] - 12 673 19516 1972 19717 19718 19719
Off-Street [1] - 216 off-street [1] - 17615 offenses [1] - 706 offensive [1] - 17510 offer [3] - 1007 1335 17213
offering [2] - 12410 12412
office [5] - 73 75 989 1406 16616
OFFICIAL [1] - 118 officials [1] - 12213 often [5] - 11712 1182 1605 1746
old [2] - 601 6313 older [1] - 1752 on-line [1] - 1010 once [3] - 1099 11012 1555
one [68] - 418 59 715 127 1210 1311 154 1719 1815 1913 2015 227 2215 267 2812 3214 379 423 459 4716 5315 541 5510 5618 5916 6414 656 6514 6515 7013 7111 723 804 8213 8513
12
13 1393 1407 overreach [1] - 764 711 718 374 9918 1279 person [7] - 2310 14114 1426 overshadow [1] - 422 428 4216 13317 643 6418 835 14417 14518 4815 4312 456 8319 past [3] - 285 445 11814 12614 1462 14611 owe [1] - 19316 8610 8714 8718 6811 1317 14614 1511 own [7] - 2318 8810 8910 path [4] - 4810 personally [4] -1543 1593 5817 593 14215 13017 1311 9319 11417 6813 1501 1527 16612 17718 1556 16813 14314 1539 17117 17513 17814 18412 17311 15318 paved [1] - 2812 personnel [1] -18511 owned [2] - 134 Pamela [2] - 19 43 pay [3] - 9815 1144 15416
ordinance [25] - 1617 paragraph [11] - 1431 persons [1] - 1438 4516 6913 7112 7113 9915 1004 1097 11512 11513 1372
owner [26] - 1118 1315 1317 1412 1418 186 1811 2315 3619 614
1295 12910 13415 1354 1377 1384 16118 1684
PB282 [1] - 27 pending [1] - 1691 people [38] - 3416 372 3714 382
perspective [3] -8017 9115 9116
Petition [25] - 5113 812 11517 1465
1454 14616 649 6415 6418 17113 17114 383 4717 5116 14912 1502 14617 1478 653 742 755 1905 603 6719 7319 1528 15311 15018 1542 7514 804 805 Paragraph [1] - 217 7516 7912 8217 1616 1626 1647 15419 15712 9311 10315 parallel [1] - 17117 993 1027 1041 1667 1697 1601 16018 16213 1692
10317 13016 1756 18210
parameters [2] - 899 1015
1057 10519 11111 1161
17611 17613 17618 17713
18518 18718 Ordinances [6] -5712 597 5919 623 6619 15519
owners [1] - 744 owner-occupied [2] -1317 186
owners [7] - 562
pardon [1] - 249 park [1] - 5819 parking [23] - 92 145 1411 1417
11613 1175 1206 12419 1345 13813 13815 1433
1816 18115 18416 18512 18719 1923 19211 1934
ORIGINAL [1] - 1958 783 10311 1309 1419 151 153 14312 1458 petition [40] - 217 original [10] - 5516 1518 1519 154 155 201 1513 1522 1581 5311 5317 5319 578 5813 764 17517 432 502 659 1669 18014 5516 564 578 9010 1373 1646 1735 1952 1959
ownership [1] - 188 Oxford [1] - 72
6516 661 6612 6616 1049 1746
1863 19114 19119
5813 626 6310 6319 656 6514
originally [5] - 9612 17410 1758 peoples [1] - 3710 8112 821 9010 9918 1372 1502 1529
P 1761 17615 Parking [2] - 29 216
per [3] - 211 192 855
9517 10014 10619 11611
otherwise [3] - 4710 606 1147
ought [3] - 1251 15016 16619
ourselves [2] -18414 18415
outcome [2] - 9710 1977
pm [2] - 14 19319 pack [3] - 417 681 1828
package [2] - 2613 5212
packs [1] - 6810 PADEN [17] - 414
part [20] - 2217 245 6913 6914 9915 10419 10517 13416 14417 1452 1465 14611 14615 16018 1685 16817 16919
percent [2] - 1209 perfect [3] - 7712 12414 15911
perhaps [5] - 613 998 12710 1381 1686
period [2] - 1002 14617
12012 12017 1217 12116 1221 1224 12214 1231 12311 12513 1267 1271 1357 15911 16618 1735 17311
outcomes [1] - 1105 outdoor [14] - 3111 3113 3618 4012 4614 598 10213 10610 13613 1744 17410 17411 17917
54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
Paden [1] - 115
1813 18617 19011
participate [1] - 1441 participated [1] -1101
particular [8] - 818 273 541 5719
permanent [1] - 1067 permeability [1] -415
permeable [1] - 2811 permissible [1] - 210 permission [2] - 445 891
1782 1784 petitioner [2] - 6018 10014
phone [1] - 1093 phonetic [1] - 13911 photo [2] - 2612 895
1807 outgrow [1] - 483 outside [3] - 6513 9811 1474
overall [6] - 1011 5310 553 5514
PAGE [2] - 19516 1969
page [13] - 574 576 585 5917 608 6112 6316 658 1352 17813
646 7512 876 14016
particularly [7] - 67 417 424 12212 14914 15312 16315
Permit [14] - 27 814 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 9214 9215 1172 11713
physical [2] - 6014 1598
picture [1] - 1124 piece [7] - 4412 5618 816 833 1052 12511
5618 6016 overbroad [2] -14913 1505
overhang [2] - 1715 2113
Overlay [1] - 816 overlook [1] - 245 overly [1] - 966
17817 Page [3] - 219 572 1967
pages [1] - 573 pains [1] - 1577 painting [2] - 2610 968
PAMELA [24] - 514 65 611 616 79
parties [3] - 281 7710 1976
parts [1] - 1783 party [4] - 262 759 787 1957
pass [2] - 1235 1276
passed [4] - 915
permit [5] - 210 911 314 941 1016
Permits [1] - 758 permits [1] - 12817 Permitted [1] - 31 permitted [3] - 1001 1068 10615
1332 pieces [1] - 1939 pitch [1] - 8619 pitches [2] - 10815 10817
place [6] - 167 1245 1333 1596 1624 18911
placed [1] - 1111 portion [4] - 2812 primarily [1] - 498 1797 proposing [14] -places [3] - 5717 666 1353 13818 primary [4] - 2910 pronged [2] - 802 1315 141 144 1064 1415 portions [2] - 215 1425 1521 8616 1417 174 179
plan [25] - 1011 1351 16212 proper [2] - 752 1710 1714 183 1719 187 2317 position [1] - 12111 principle [2] - 6017 1096 1261 1262 1687 2417 2418 255 possibility [2] - 2413 1837 properly [1] - 1473 18510 1881
2619 2815 292 17010 principles [1] - properties [9] - 1215 prospective [1] -2912 2916 3011 possible [11] - 5319 15611 1218 1717 782 9113 3111 3113 339 601 6815 9211 privacy [2] - 275 16512 16517 protect [2] - 14216 3910 3915 4111 9717 9718 9911 3617 17416 1794 14815 7015 9813 9815 13011 13012 private [7] - 3319 property [70] - 1319 proved [1] - 823 10517 10518 1416 1437 3618 376 377 142 144 154 provide [7] - 3910 1176 possibly [3] - 5811 3712 3717 3914 156 1813 2017 5418 615 645
planned [4] - 4818 1077 1479 privatization [1] - 2019 2111 223 6412 9211 1909 14110 1447 postpone [1] - 1246 14212 2218 233 241 providing [1] - 155 1708 potentially [2] - 611 pro [1] - 808 245 2419 257 provision [13] - 559
PLANNING [2] - 12 7414 pro-active [1] - 808 258 259 2517 5815 5915 642 1961 power [3] - 1005 problem [19] - 615 261 271 276 704 767 1078
Planning [21] - 47 17117 1892 686 719 7913 277 3317 3510 1298 15517 814 91 919 powerful [1] - 12812 803 8019 1099 443 455 4610 15614 16515 118 5314 5810 practical [3] - 4313 12115 12119 482 489 5014 17019 1721 12016 12219 11710 1854 1221 1223 562 614 6416 provisions [4] - 571 12618 1475 pre [3] - 7012 7110 13015 13210 6418 653 6611 17717 18111 15817 1672 1068 14218 1459 708 724 736 1896 1687 17310 pre-exempt [1] - 15414 1634 742 744 745 provocative [1] -1883 1886 1941 1068 1809 18214 755 7514 783 1314 19512 1964 pre-existing [2] - problematic [1] - 784 804 805 Public [4] - 14510 19616 7012 7110 12215 9311 10312 1967 1975
planning [4] - 303 predicate [1] - 1143 problems [5] - 679 1128 13810 19714 311 446 1844 preempt [1] - 18818 1216 12111 1414 1518 1657 public [17] - 103
plans [6] - 59 3018 preference [2] - 402 1226 1463 1661 1679 118 209 239 7014 1175 1179 12316 procedurally [1] - 17517 1791 5114 5713 5819 1182 premise [1] - 1202 1554 1792 1793 1796 595 6718 9014
plant [1] - 448 premises [1] - 17617 procedure [2] - 1797 17915 1112 12619 plantings [2] - 267 2619
pleased [1] - 304 plighting [1] - 8712 podium [1] - 2312 point [21] - 215 2115 2118 3518 6410 6519 6714 724 8415 8519 867 926 9314 1056 1077 1259 1491 1492 1663 1686 1882
pointed [2] - 895 1108
pointing [2] - 1592 16413
points [3] - 4714 796 1938
police [1] - 1005 policy [2] - 1184 1728
poor [2] - 839 8910 population [2] -1424 14815
porch [1] - 7614 porches [1] - 10611
prepared [1] - 3916 present [3] - 5813 14813 14814
presentation [5] -515 903 12211 14715 15411
presented [1] - 1529 presenting [1] - 521 Preston [2] - 111 44 PRESTON [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
pretty [12] - 6811 9616 12412 15810 15811 15815 15817 16014 16816 16819 17316 1864
prevents [1] - 735 previous [3] - 281 11418 14810
previously [2] -1584 18013
16812 17015 proceed [2] - 3119 527
process [26] - 203 204 207 249 2911 407 645 648 7610 8118 10013 1016 10311 10419 10917 10918 11414 11510 1168 1188 12014 12113 1247 16016 16413 17313
process-wise [1] -10013
produce [1] - 1036 produces [1] - 10217 productive [1] - 1712 professional [4] -868 1573 1611 1844
professionals [1] -11018
profit [1] - 14212 prohibiting [1] -
18118 1826 18210 18213
propertys [1] - 134 proponent [5] - 1617 3312 388 3910 9010
proponents [1] -9612
proposal [18] - 1513 195 2914 3216 338 9012 937 1013 1014 1277 15218 16318 16319 1685 1754 1771 17812
propose [4] - 452 1683 17018 18519
proposed [20] - 221 267 3319 5211 533 539 568 5716 7118 9314 9517 12413 1358 1367 1368 1618 1717 17217 18110 19212
1284 14216 14818
PUBLIC [1] - 26 publish [1] - 1673 pull [1] - 1938 pulling [1] - 1172 Purpose [1] - 7714 purpose [4] - 3411 5419 551 7812
purposes [1] - 275 pursuant [1] - 28 pursue [1] - 688 put [26] - 516 1010 1015 4213 4318 442 4913 5516 5910 681 8710 964 10214 10215 10216 10717 11311 1244 13615 14016 1474 15417 16915 17314 18813 18814
Putnam [7] - 27 119 1119 123 124 125 1215
14
putting [3] - 989 10219 1177
rating [1] - 582 ratio [2] - 665 667 rationale [1] - 523 rats [1] - 1472 re [3] - 5319 14615 1681
re-advertise [1] -1681
re-advertisement [1] -5319
re-craft [1] - 14615 reached [3] - 16716 17215 1874
reaction [2] - 1275 1812
read [8] - 33 748 13918 17716 1781 1785 18211 19616
reading [4] - 692 8514 19512 1964
ready [1] - 4912 real [13] - 74 418 4513 871 10010 11017 11018 11019 11511 11513 15417 15615 16210
reality [1] - 1725 realize [1] - 393 really [56] - 1716 365 366 3719 395 425 4811 587 6110 682 741 774 791 7913 7919 8111 832 857 8619 905 9710 9810 1014 10115 10414 10417 10617 1081 11114 11419 1164 11913 12115 1332 1513 15116 15216 1531 15310 15312 15410 15414 1577 15715 1592 1647 16411 16413 1786 18013 19119 1924 1925 19215 19218
Realty [1] - 72 rear [6] - 176 268 3318 413 4719 4816
reason [12] - 5511
669 1111 1308 1391 14010 14310 1638 1757 18312 19011 1965
REASON [6] - 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614 19615
reasonable [3] -6114 6611 11213
reasonably [1] -9114
reasons [2] - 10317 19513
recap [1] - 18713 RECEIVED [1] -19518
received [1] - 1846 recent [1] - 1742 recently [4] - 77 264 1404 14113
recess [3] - 111 114 519
recessed [1] - 3114 recognized [1] - 151 recollection [2] -9916 1007
recommend [13] -102 688 10413 12310 1266 1276 14612 1494 1502 15612 1616 1884 18913
recommendation [30] - 5112 5214 5215 5217 716 7918 814 8110 9016 9617 10017 12516 12518 1263 1293 15012 15211 15616 16015 16016 1615 16212 1731 1733 1843 18714 18715 18717 18917 18919
recommendations [6] - 10018 1464 1481 15918 17214 1926
recommended [5] -205 652 6516 6918 16113
recommending [4] -965 1528 15219 18018
reconfigure [1] - 93 reconstruction [1] -5416
record [3] - 1934 1957 19618
RECORD [1] - 118 recording [1] - 648 recourse [2] - 614 15719
redirect [1] - 8819 redrafted [1] - 7712 reduce [3] - 501 13010 13015
Reduction [1] - 29 reduction [2] - 144 1919
refer [2] - 11010 11012
Refer [1] - 1967 reference [4] - 7118 1067 1349 15019
referenced [1] -15916
references [1] - 1569 referred [3] - 5115 975 1101
referring [3] - 4914 11718 1774
refers [3] - 1074 11010 1777
reflected [1] - 877 reflecting [1] - 1751 reflection [1] - 217 reflects [1] - 1011 regard [1] - 7212 regarding [1] - 18716 regular [1] - 6710 regulate [1] - 6013 regulated [2] - 6010 6012
regulation [8] - 609 6016 6313 6314 13411 1566 1623 1632
regulations [9] - 505 5617 634 636 659 698 888 945 1562
regulatory [1] -17618
reinventing [1] -1563
relate [2] - 412 247 related [8] - 307 416 1272 1303 1305 15314 15319 1976
relates [4] - 757 759 1599
relating [2] - 509
5011 relative [2] - 226 10015
relief [7] - 1918 4915 806 1136 15715 1581 1909
rely [2] - 5312 16312
remain [2] - 188 1001
remains [2] - 6016 7210
remedy [1] - 14611 remedying [1] -14119
remember [5] - 617 813 97 8113 1646
remind [4] - 473 476 10013 1057
remove [3] - 31 34 176
removed [1] - 454 renovate [1] - 172 renovation [4] - 247 355 4716 10517
renovations [1] -2617
rental [3] - 1813 3318 364
renter [1] - 6419 renting [2] - 139 8218
REP [1] - 1962 repair [1] - 269 repairs [1] - 969 repeatedly [2] -10415 1429
rephrase [1] - 7315 REPLACE [1] -19516
replace [5] - 216 178 11313 11315 13016
replaced [1] - 9711 replacement [3] -601 956 11312
replacing [3] - 1713 923 1138
report [1] - 17119 reported [1] - 1156 Reporter [2] - 1974 19714
REPORTER [1] -19719
REPORTERS [1] -117
represent [1] - 2217 represented [1] -4011
Q
quadrupled [2] -1381 14519
quantify [1] - 12416 questions [17] - 51 2012 2015 2213 246 2410 536 6716 711 9819 1062 1248 1249 1314 15014
queue [1] - 17314 quick [24] - 2012 2014 5619 9819 10011 1089 10810 11016 11510 1545 15412 1553 15616 17514 1767 18010 18019 18314 18513 18514 18519 1869 1881 18819
quickly [2] - 9717 1235
quiet [4] - 4515 4518 466 1413
quite [8] - 2618 4114 4516 496 12417 13616 14011 1495
quoted [1] - 12712
R
rabbits [1] - 1342 raccoons [2] - 13318 radius [2] - 148 778 raised [5] - 5314 6512 13311 1663 18413
raising [2] - 1337 1845
Raising [1] - 512 ramifications [1] -18319
ran [2] - 135 136 range [2] - 622 668 Ranjit [3] - 11615 1199 19214
Ranjits [1] - 14816 rapidly [1] - 1416 rather [9] - 207 405 6011 6710 728 1307 1543 16916 1885
15
representing [1] -1117
REPRODUCTION [1] - 19718
request [8] - 2414 591 643 654 1274 14714 14716 14717
requested [1] - 99 requesting [1] - 1816 require [5] - 5318 9311 961 986 1176
Required [1] - 29 required [6] - 201 271 291 502 1179 14116
required) [1] - 1967 requirement [3] -927 9316 967
requirements [7] -2416 6510 702 7119 7211 986 1569
requires [5] - 9214 1143 1205 15712
research [1] - 917 reservations [1] -15210
residence [5] - 1313 1317 1416 1518 341
Residence [8] -1314 633 638 13614 13813 1774 17918
residential [24] -1812 195 196 4919 501 6212 6213 997 998 1298 12915 1301 1417 1651 1652 1657 1661 16614 1678 17616 1806 1818 18417
Residential [5] - 27 28 28 29 34
resolution [2] -11416 11417
resolved [4] - 6413 7415 1452
resolving [1] - 1192 respectful [2] - 412 18412
respects [2] - 331 334
respond [5] - 524 594 649 6716 12315
responding [1] -12315
Response [1] - 1488 response [5] - 5118 589 1274 14014 1937
Response) [1] - 3213 rest [6] - 608 655 10716 10717 14217 1509
restart [1] - 17312 restaurant [1] - 9810 restrict [1] - 10311 Restrictions [2] - 32 34
restrictions [3] -1154 1155 17818
result [1] - 817 results [1] - 10519 retail [7] - 517 61 62 64 66 69 712
retain [1] - 5310 retaining [1] - 6218 reuse [1] - 175 reuses [1] - 4114 review [4] - 7015 808 9510 16617
reviewed [3] - 918 1095 16512
reviewing [2] - 7015 13418
reviews [1] - 1063 revised [2] - 12318 15211
revision [2] - 58 15011
revisions [3] - 531 13719 15212
rewrite [1] - 1103 rewriting [1] - 1901 rezoning [1] - 818 rhythm [1] - 1339 rightful [1] - 1596 rights [3] - 4613 4615 5014
risk [1] - 1277 ROBERT [1] - 1446 Robert [2] - 1447 15313
Roberts [5] - 5116 529 1823 1937 19315
ROBERTS [31] - 528 6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514
9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
rodent [2] - 1457 1458
Roger [1] - 116 roof [3] - 221 317 1198
roofing [1] - 436 roofs [1] - 3115 rooftop [3] - 387 389 3810
room [4] - 6710 8512 1194 1533
rotted [1] - 302 roughly [1] - 126 round [1] - 1858 routes [1] - 159 rubbish [2] - 1459 14512
Rule [1] - 7910 rule [2] - 197 485 Rules [1] - 547 rules [5] - 569 588 9217 976 14814
run [2] - 1099 1189 runs [1] - 1591 RUSSELL [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693
1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831 1835 1863 1866 18612 18616 18619 1873 18812 18819 18915 1903 1908 1912 1916 1919 1936 19314
Russell [4] - 17 42 1336 14413
section [7] - 7712 7716 7810 1158 11719 14614 1777
Sections [1] - 215 security [1] - 871 see [42] - 68 2317 259 2611 284 2815 3214 359 4812 766 7615 7913 7917 8819 9614 1017 1023 1024 10217 10411 1071 10815 10816 10819 11014 1125 1161 1162 1174 1271 1273 13211 1439 1493 16010 16617 17417 17418 17419 18410 1857 19019
seeing [1] - 1862 seek [1] - 208 seeking [1] - 1919 seem [4] - 913 1554 1558 19010
sell [1] - 1183 semi [3] - 377 3712 3717
semi-private [3] -377 3712 3717
send [6] - 1016 896 11812 1193 18313 19218
sending [1] - 15917 Senior [1] - 15 sense [6] - 355 3918 12513 15013 1718 17216
sensor [1] - 1072 sent [2] - 5212 16115
sentence [2] - 12117 18315
sentences [2] - 7717 15618
sentiment [1] - 903 separate [1] - 694 separation [1] - 6212 September [1] -19711
series [3] - 1211 1618 11611
serious [2] - 13214 1333
seriously [1] - 12914
S
Sacramento [1] - 515 safe [1] - 3317 safety [6] - 591 1112 1113 1332 1335 1423
SAM [1] - 3416 Sam [2] - 353 366 SAME [2] - 353 19718
sat [2] - 11514 11515
saw [2] - 772 16613 scattered [1] - 14014 scenario [1] - 5913 schedule [1] - 477 scheduled [1] - 112 schematic [1] - 2915 School [1] - 13310 science [1] - 15910 scope [11] - 5311 5316 5318 9210 9516 10618 1117 1666 16618 1735 17617
scratch [1] - 16718 screen [2] - 786 792 scrutiny [1] - 1749 Sean [1] - 13118 Seated [1] - 1917 seated [1] - 115 second [10] - 129 183 5016 5017 912 10210 1317 13110 15515 1628
secondly [3] - 909 1049 1292
Section [16] - 28 29 29 32 33 548 7117 7119 7713 831 11816 1355 1681 17816 18410
16
servant [1] - 14818 serve [1] - 16819 serves [1] - 9913 Services [4] - 941 9812 14510 15718
servicing [1] - 488 session [1] - 1888 set [10] - 558 729 7210 8812 11914 1619 16114 16116 1979 19711
setback [2] - 2416 272
sets [1] - 8811 setting [1] - 6618 sever [1] - 14613 several [5] - 121 573 908 10711 14811
shadow [2] - 10217 1036
shall [12] - 209 5411 5413 5414 7119 737 1068 12712 17617 17819 1796
share [2] - 4716 1533
shared [3] - 95 2110 19117
shed [2] - 1197 sheet [4] - 1058 11817 1965 1966
Sheet [4] - 1952 1955 19513 1968
SHEET [3] - 1951 19517 1963
shielded [1] - 894 shielding [1] - 7212 shine [1] - 875 shines [1] - 1389 shining [2] - 859 1035
shirts [1] - 1468 shocking [1] - 1813 shop [1] - 69 short [4] - 114 519 15613 1671
short-term [1] -15613
shortcomings [1] -14419
Shorthand [2] -1974 19714
shorthand [1] -13419
shortly [3] - 106
2618 1463 shot [1] - 1209 shoulder [1] - 4215 show [3] - 9813 9815 1384
showed [3] - 275 10912
shown [4] - 3010 3012 3916 12110
shows [4] - 158 3911 792 12212
shrubs [2] - 481 4812
side [11] - 125 128 1210 1212 1712 1715 2016 3816 437 904 14410
sides [1] - 255 sidetrack [1] - 13519 Sieniewicz [3] - 110 44 1336
SIENIEWICZ [15] -2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
sighted [1] - 13317 sign [4] - 9914 1004 19513
Sign [1] - 1966 SIGNATURE [1] -1951
signed [1] - 1956 SIGNED [1] - 19517 significant [4] -2819 5519 5612 14917
significantly [1] -13015
Signs [1] - 218 signs [2] - 1001 10912
similar [2] - 655 1542
simple [5] - 1119 1537 1631 17110 17111
simplicity [1] - 11110 simply [7] - 3811 8918 14119 1452 14612 18216
Singanayagam [1] -14719
single [4] - 1317 1416 1518 1719
single-family [3] -1317 1416 1518
sit [1] - 1537
site [5] - 109 1817 7015 7113 1155
Sitting [1] - 42 situation [4] - 335 5818 7012 818
situations [1] - 8010 six [6] - 1211 406 479 1131 11819 1288
six-story [1] - 1288 size [3] - 1818 1382 1461
skill [1] - 19710 skin [1] - 14411 skip [1] - 583 skipping [1] - 549 sky [7] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 1043 10412 1337
sleep [1] - 1339 sleeping [1] - 1342 slide [1] - 11418 slipped [1] - 1003 small [7] - 361 578 1054 10812 1165 1518 1519
smaller [3] - 2216 9910 16116
smart [1] - 447 sneak [1] - 11015 so [1] - 698 socialization [1] -14213
sodium [1] - 12813 sole [1] - 19112 Solet [3] - 1317 1319 1428
SOLET [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
Solicitor [2] - 16913 1734
Solicitors [1] -16616
solicitors [1] - 1094 solution [1] - 16213 solve [5] - 685 686 8119 1226 1462
solving [1] - 8316 someone [6] - 4913 7518 8817 9213 987 13818
someplace [1] -16818
sometime [1] - 13515 sometimes [5] - 443 444 5216 6210 11313
somewhat [1] - 1047 somewhere [2] -
8410 17011 sonar [1] - 10215 soon [1] - 413 sooner [1] - 6710 sorry [11] - 2014 574 6712 712 737 1066 1258 1347 13917 17712 1803
sort [26] - 76 2513 605 6017 6318 726 729 774 7716 856 8512 864 8615 9119 946 974 978 11614 13411 13419 14017 1553 16716 16719 18318 1842
sorts [2] - 281 15519
sought [1] - 4915 sound [2] - 5012 1542
sounds [2] - 1864 18811
source [4] - 8415 8513 8517 1307
south [1] - 125 southern [1] - 4813 space [19] - 518 61 64 152 154 225 2517 301 304 334 3313 3315 343 3511 3618 377 4012 4614 495
Space [1] - 27 spaces [6] - 66 1418 156 171 3715 3914
speaker [1] - 15919 speakers [1] - 1349 speaking [2] - 14517 1693
special [6] - 647 1297 1369 13610 1382 1707
Special [11] - 27 813 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 758
specific [8] - 4914 5513 617 648 6910 9518 18510 1884
specifically [4] - 509 5010 824 1933
specified [1] - 9310 specify [4] - 461 598 9310 9518
spend [2] - 10914 1192
spent [2] - 5714 1092
spill [5] - 6613 6614 7213 7216 7819
spilling [3] - 6610 781 7814
spoken [2] - 2718 909
spot [1] - 615 spots [1] - 3115 spread [1] - 858 springs [1] - 1158 Square [1] - 1762 square [7] - 126 192 198 1912 2216 2316 855
SS [1] - 1973 Staff [1] - 115 staff [15] - 5116 5117 713 717 918 11617 11619 12316 14115 14814 1503 1525 16311 16615 18317
staffs [1] - 752 stair [1] - 149 stairs [1] - 3011 stance [1] - 1635 standard [15] - 1914 6114 621 6515 6516 6612 6613 7218 747 7411 863 1255 1393 1395 17418
standards [17] -5312 558 5716 581 587 598 618 622 624 7210 733 869 8812 1437 1471 17413
standing [3] - 773 8216 10818
start [7] - 914 294 3217 521 14910 1563 16718
started [2] - 1131 16413
starting [1] - 17810 starts [4] - 5213 559 573 1753
State [1] - 12711 state [4] - 546 548
17
559 697 statement [1] - 1908 statements [1] -19618
stations [1] - 158 status [5] - 810 922 1365 13610 1397
stay [1] - 477 stenographic [1] -1979
step [2] - 5619 16513
Steve [6] - 3716 423 8912 9017 1576 1592
Steves [3] - 16318 16319 1855
STEVEN [50] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 185 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3217 3717 4015 4110 4117 459 473 8717 885 8912 8914 8917 9019 9219 938 9313 9417 957 9512 963 9818 1017 1347 1547 16715 17015 17116 17211 17712 1781 1786 1811 18311 1851 1895 18914 19016
Steven [4] - 19 110 43 44
still [19] - 697 765 9812 1046 11417 12111 1504 1506 15014 16810 16812 17317 1755 1773 1774 17915 1823 1861
stone [1] - 289 stop [1] - 6715 stopgap [7] - 15013 15412 1553 15613 16713 16811 1691
storage [1] - 345 store [2] - 77 1511 storefront [2] - 1211 1714
stories [1] - 181 story [6] - 1210
1311 1719 183 1815 1288
straight [3] - 6413 1476 1926
straightforward [1] -6013
strain [1] - 1413 straining [1] - 776 strategies [1] - 1623 Street [17] - 216 57 516 72 714 125 1218 2316 2318 1087 12615 12617 1319 13316 1399 13915 1402
street [7] - 1284 14514 17615 1793 1795 17910 17911
stress [1] - 15716 strict [2] - 971 986 strikes [1] - 14418 strobe [1] - 1075 struck [2] - 992 15410
structural [1] - 5416 structure [20] - 1311 1316 1416 1516 1610 1616 175 1710 184 1815 196 198 337 501 5417 5418 925 948 949 18115
Structures [1] - 28 structures [8] - 5411 5512 6014 7111 7911 999 1752 1753
Stuart [2] - 116 1606
stuck [1] - 14812 students [1] - 14219 studied [2] - 9011 study [6] - 1531 1579 1581 1585 16815 16817
stuff [7] - 817 8218 8310 10015 11110 11317 1196
stuffs [1] - 1098 subdivided [1] - 189 subject [2] - 9011 15212
submit [4] - 12016 12516 17311 1887
submitted [3] - 3919
17219 subscribe [1] -19617
subsequently [1] -138
substance [1] -17217
substantial [3] -5415 932 13817
substantially [6] -5419 551 552 6617 9015 9410
substituted [1] -12015
subtle [1] - 10813 suburban [1] - 671 suddenly [2] - 1761 1805
sue [1] - 11212 sued [2] - 11215 11218
suffer [1] - 14217 sufficient [3] - 147 14815 1571
suggest [6] - 11916 11919 12012 1886
suggested [4] -5816 16514 1676 18219
suggestion [6] -5918 613 716 15319 16219 17213
suggestions [2] -5219 15912
suing [1] - 11211 Sullivan [5] - 2311 2315 3916 409 421
SULLIVAN [15] -2314 258 2519 263 266 279 2714 2814 305 315 3110 3117 329 491 493
Sullivans [4] - 376 412 4315 4718
summarized [1] -497
summer [2] - 18511 18514
sun [1] - 4813 sunset [3] - 9918 1095 10910
superintendent [1] -839
Superintendent [1] -983
Superior [1] - 11415 supersede [1] - 728
supersedes [2] -6313 7311
superseding [1] -697
supplied [1] - 19513 support [5] - 12510 12511 1527 1627 1769
supposed [6] -10818 1091 11016 11017 11510 1168
surface [3] - 2811 857 859
surprised [1] - 13211 surprising [1] - 4014 survey [1] - 263 surveyed [2] - 251 257
surveyor [1] - 254 surveyors [1] - 483 suspect [2] - 1415 1431
switch [1] - 1144
17713 18115 1822 18512 18719 1891 1923 19211 1934 19316
Teagues [1] - 1271 tear [2] - 173 175 technical [12] - 8519 862 867 911 912 916 10416 14115 1568 1612 16814 16912
technology [1] -14012
Ted [5] - 15217 15313 1811 18312 1854
Teds [2] - 5017 1699
telescope [1] - 1044 temporary [4] -16216 1633 16313 1719
ten [6] - 111 475 1085 10911 11914 13516
tenant [3] - 1312 4017 10312
tenants [1] - 3816 tenants [11] - 1312 1411 1413 282 343 3417 3419 356 363 4613 1042
tend [2] - 5215 10212
tends [1] - 6211 term [8] - 32 34 1158 14217 15613 17318 18517 1888
terms [9] - 216 217 225 6119 779 846 985 1207 1615
testified [1] - 18014 testimony [9] - 2010 239 6718 6814 1114 13814 19513 1965 1978
text [24] - 32 35 5213 5214 534 568 6113 6116 6218 639 6310 7416 1368 1374 1483 16112 16118 16412 17815 1885 1887
T
table [1] - 4016 tackle [2] - 12218 talks [6] - 5815 6316 1078 17615 17916 18119
tall [2] - 4217 4814 tandem [4] - 1411 1417 1419 432
Taylor [4] - 12615 12616 13111 1325
TAYLOR [9] - 12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
TEAGUE [4] - 1081 1085 1265 12611
Teague [40] - 213 5113 524 10719 1086 11116 11517 12110 1221 1224 1227 12311 1259 1267 1304 1411 14912 1502 15010 1528 15311 1626 1646 16412 1667 1697 17611 17618 17710 17711
18
THE [10] - 12 118 1613 673 19516 19717 19718 19719
themselves [1] -1238
THEODORE [28] -76 87 913 101 1018 5016 712 7214 739 7315 7318 7417 1065 1375 1499 1662 17319 17512 1773 17715 17912 1803 1819 18215 1833 18310 1865 18912
theodore [1] - 18 Theodore [1] - 42 theory [1] - 1169 therefor [2] - 19513 1965
therefore [2] - 1366 1391
thereof [1] - 1956 thesis [1] - 11318 theyve [4] - 99 1010 12317
thinking [4] - 522 10713 14413 1835
thinks [1] - 14813 third [6] - 141 143 1817 202 203 16219
THIS [2] - 19516 19717
thoughtful [1] - 1899 thoughts [1] - 14415 thousands [1] -12715
three [11] - 98 156 1715 187 2113 243 489 999 10410 1254 1622
three-foot [2] - 1715 2113
throughout [2] -12912 1768
throw [2] - 15315 18212
throwing [1] - 1477 Tibbs [2] - 18 115 TIBBS [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371
8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
tied [1] - 593 tieing [1] - 7511 tile [4] - 10214 10216 10217 10218
timekeeper [1] - 474 timing [1] - 107 tiny [1] - 1025 title [1] - 33 TO [2] - 1961 19718 today [4] - 393 9613 11819 13819
together [2] - 441 10713
TOM [15] - 2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
Tom [2] - 110 43 tonight [6] - 403 4119 12317 15213 15912 16210
took [2] - 1124 14413
tools [1] - 15713 top [1] - 216 touch [1] - 9811 touches [1] - 133 towards [2] - 2218 13610
town [3] - 1093 1094 11216
towns [1] - 1094 traffic [1] - 1029 training [1] - 14117 transcript [9] - 82 1935 1959 19514 1964 1966 1967 19616 19617
Transcript [1] - 25 TRANSCRIPT [2] -19516 19718
transcription [1] -1979
transcripts [2] - 84 85
trash [1] - 345 treated [1] - 6915 trees [4] - 483 8712
8715 8716 trespass [4] - 5113 704 707 10414
trial [1] - 1132 tried [1] - 1107 trigger [4] - 926 9314 9316 9510
triggered [1] - 11712 triggers [1] - 1056 trim [1] - 441 trip [1] - 10513 triple [2] - 1216 1217
trivial [1] - 10812 trouble [3] - 431 1104 11412
true [2] - 6417 1979 try [16] - 207 538 5913 5919 676 719 845 875 9210 9515 9717 981 12217 1466 1624 18517
trying [18] - 168 626 8118 822 8316 10015 10019 11014 11210 1218 12914 1385 1413 1492 15812 17519 18010 18012
Tuesday [1] - 13 turkeys [1] - 13318 turn [4] - 674 836 8513 1606
turning [3] - 148 1517 1541
tweak [1] - 12316 two [37] - 1013 1310 1312 1319 1412 1417 159 1719 1812 2011 2014 222 3115 3315 3318 3519 362 4317 4318 743 796 802 8616 10712 10916 1134 1349 1405 14013 1533 1534 1548 15617 16418 1817 18316 1869
two-family [1] - 222 two-pronged [2] -802 8616
two-unit [1] - 3519 type [3] - 9918 1034 1037
types [2] - 9413 9415
typically [2] - 359 4411
U
ultimate [1] - 16213 ultimately [1] - 7218 unable [2] - 1119 1904
unaware [1] - 13412 unclear [1] - 8212 uncomfortable [4] -776 17513 1764 18017
unconcern [1] -13210
under [30] - 188 296 3011 462 4613 4616 6111 664 6619 696 719 7216 7410 764 9118 1003 1005 1127 11212 11218 11914 1209 1353 1367 1501 15110 16910 17617 17710 1847
UNDER [1] - 19718 undergoing [1] - 104 underlying [1] - 1351 underneath [1] -1354
undersigned [1] -1974
understood [1] -1293
underutilized [1] -1517
unenforceable [1] -1638
unfortunately [1] -1119
uninstalled [1] -8814
unintended [2] -5811 1841
unit [19] - 142 143 1817 192 1913 203 228 2210 309 3016 3314 3519 364 3616 417 853 8613 8614 999
Unit [1] - 211 units [15] - 210 210 1310 1319 187 1812 1817 199
1912 227 317 3318 359 3510 503
University [2] - 104 109
unless [3] - 9912 1004 12112
UNLESS [1] - 19718 unnecessarily [1] -7819
unreasonable [1] -6613
unreasonably [1] -1517
unusual [1] - 2414 up [53] - 66 713 1010 226 3015 3814 4318 537 541 5713 5718 6217 6511 674 681 727 786 7814 7919 8513 865 8615 8710 8814 924 9217 995 10011 10214 1051 10715 11311 11316 12113 13018 1311 13314 1384 14315 15114 15418 1556 1558 15917 1645 16513 17012 17111 18012 18016 1915 1929
Update [1] - 23 update [2] - 49 1017 updates [2] - 1015 1016
upset [1] - 11114 urban [1] - 3719 urgent [1] - 14019 users [2] - 3411 14214
uses [11] - 1811 5411 5513 5518 7110 7115 8613 997 1009 10415 1408
utilities [1] - 1047 utilize [1] - 9216
V
vague [1] - 19216 valet [1] - 91 valiant [1] - 1218 valid [2] - 911 8312 valuable [1] - 19218
19
van [3] - 11515 1702 1914
VAN [5] - 1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
vapor [1] - 12813 variance [1] - 208 Variance [2] - 204 11910
variety [1] - 618 various [2] - 416 16310
verge [1] - 1814 verify [2] - 6019 897 versed [1] - 699 version [4] - 12013 12214 1696 17112
versions [1] - 17811 versus [4] - 7612 8117 827 1113
vertically [1] - 864 Vice [1] - 18 victim [1] - 6810 Victorian [2] - 127 139
view [3] - 2818 4910 7310
views [1] - 16110 violation [14] - 745 767 11412 1278 12815 13113 13118 1321 13410 13518 1361 1362 13611 14915
violations [6] - 1165 12715 12818 1327 13217 1449
violators [1] - 13212 visible [1] - 1116 visually [1] - 6019 volume [5] - 184 674 19512 19514 1966
vote [2] - 401 1814 voting [3] - 4118 513 15311
1534 1535 1536 1758 18814
wash [1] - 857 wattage [2] - 8412 13010
watts [1] - 842 ways [5] - 214 5513 15816 16319 17113
wear [1] - 1469 week [2] - 510 1016 weeks [5] - 1013 406 11819 13317 1869
weighing [2] - 14619 1472
weight [1] - 1689 weird [1] - 853 Wellens [3] - 13911 13913 1401
WELLENS [4] -13912 13916 13919 14316
whatevers [1] -10716
whatsoever [2] -1455 17516
wheel [2] - 1564 WHEN [1] - 19517 WHEREOF [1] -19711
whole [9] - 305 467 769 9111 1122 11315 1167 11912 1305
wholeheartedly [2] -8014 1576
width [3] - 4314 4316 458
wife [2] - 2317 13619
wildlife [2] - 13312 William [2] - 18 115 WILLIAM [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371 8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
WILLIAMS [4] - 3513 3517 3610 3614
Williams [2] - 3514 1399
wind [1] - 14314
window [8] - 1713 2017 284 5911 952 956 958 1798
windows [1] - 383 WINTER [19] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3717 4015 4110 4117 473 8914 8917
Winter [2] - 19 43 WINTERS [25] - 514 65 611 616 79 711 718 374 422 428 4216 4312 456 8319 8610 8714 8718 8810 8910 13017 1311 14314 1446 1539 15318
winters [1] - 15511 Winters [4] - 19 43 1447 15313
wipe [1] - 1117 wise [1] - 10013 wish [4] - 3212 13910 1445 1486
wished [1] - 9612 wishes [1] - 532 wisteria [1] - 442 WITH [1] - 19516 withdrawing [1] -12513
withstanding [1] -1595
WITNESS [1] - 19711 wonder [3] - 292 3019 14416
wonderful [1] - 4111 wondering [5] - 810 2618 10116 1666 16715
wood [3] - 301 346 348
wooden [1] - 2611 word [1] - 10614 words [2] - 14414 1838
works [3] - 9114 11115 15816
Works [1] - 14511 world [3] - 468 1044 1897
worried [1] - 1519 worries [1] - 14511 worth [2] - 6518 772 write [6] - 10015
10513 1225 15518 1561 1929
write-up [1] - 1929 writing [4] - 10019 1247 1323 13918
written [19] - 362 5118 555 723 747 757 768 929 937 9515 1217 1224 1373 13712 13714 13718 1567 18719 19217
wrote [2] - 1153 1163
wwwreportersinc com [1] - 119
Y
yard [12] - 1410 245 2418 2716 291 3318 3519 363 3615 3616 415 8712
yards [2] - 3710 3816
year [4] - 98 8711 1405 1578
years [12] - 98 2319 251 10911 10916 1134 12819 13516 1405 14013 15814 1895
yellow [1] - 1058 yourself [1] - 914
Z
Zelinski [2] - 1974 19713
zero [1] - 12010 Zipcar [1] - 1510 Zone [2] - 14313 1448
zones [7] - 625 12915 12917 1301 1438 1439 14311
Zoning [109] - 24 213 52 55 818 4013 505 534 546 547 5410 5413 554 556 588 5912 5914 6219 642 643 6411 6417 684
6816 695 6914 6915 702 7016 719 7113 758 774 812 822 8314 866 8816 904 945 947 9416 9510 9518 962 972 9916 1052 1054 10512 10514 1061 1098 11118 11217 1164 11816 12411 12511 1278 12719 12815 1296 12911 1306 13419 1356 1369 1407 14113 1426 14417 1454 14518 1462 1465 14611 14614 14710 14918 1501 1509 15019 1543 1552 1555 15519 15615 15810 15817 15818 1597 15914 1616 1617 16112 16117 16118 1649 1659 1687 17718 17813 18011 18510 1884
zoning [2] - 6819 1005
W
wait [1] - 1897 waiting [1] - 15019 walk [1] - 885 walking [1] - 1511 walkways [1] - 17411 wall [5] - 262 681 6810 851 1828
wants [6] - 492
20
2
I N D E X GENERAL BUSINESS
Update Brian Murphy Assistant City manager for Community Development
Board of Zoning Appeal Cases
Adoption of Meeting Transcript (s)
PUBLIC HEARINGS PB282 533 Putnam Avenue Special Permit to convert an existing Non-Residential Space to Residential Use pursuant to Section 5282 -Conversion of Non-Residential Structures to Residential Use Section 6351 - Reduction of Required Parking and Section 5282 Dwelling units to permit a greater number of dwelling units than is permissible as determined by the minimum Lot Area per Unit No new gross floor area will be constructed Lianne Bensley applicant
Charles Teague et al to amend the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Cambridge in the following ways Create new definitions for Lamp Luminaire Direct Light and Indirect Light amend portions of Sections 641 and 646 in Design and Maintenance of Off-Street Parking Facilities to replace terms glare reflection and lights with other terms as defined in the petition amend Paragraph 715(B) in General Limitations for All Signs
(Continued on the Following Page) I N D E X (Continued)
3
Permitted in the City of Cambridge to remove the term indirect from the text create a new Section 722 Lighting Restrictions for the City of Cambridge and modify the title of Section 720 Illumination to read Section 723 Lighting Restrictions for Residential Districts and remove the term indirect from the text
KeyWord Index
4
P R O C E E D I N G S
(Sitting Members Hugh Russell H Theodore
Cohen Pamela Winters Steven Winter Tom
Sieniewicz Steven Cohen Catherine Preston
Connolly)
HUGH RUSSELL Good evening This
is the meeting of the Cambridge Planning
Board So the first item on our agenda is an
update and we have before us a great new list
of work were going to be doing in the next
couple of months And so is there any other
news to relate from the -- does the Council
have their midsummer meeting soon
LIZA PADEN So the City Council
will be meeting on July 29th and they will
have the various discussions and everything
else that theyre going to jam pack into that
one meeting
HUGH RUSSELL Okay If there are
5
no questions then well go to the next item
on our agenda which is the Board of Zoning
Appeal cases
LIZA PADEN These are the Board of
Zoning Appeal cases to be heard on July 25th
The case at the bottom is the 288 Norfolk
Street And that case is going to come back
to you in August with a revision to their
plans This was the one that you looked at
last week and had some constructive
criticism
Are there any other cases that the
Board would like to look at
PAMELA WINTERS Liza I have a
question I just -- the 38 Sacramento
Street I have to put my glasses on I
think its a good idea for -- is that retail
space now empty
LIZA PADEN Yes So its been a
6
retail space over time on that location So
even though its in the C-1 it has a retail
facade in that ground floor that corner
retail space
PAMELA WINTERS Well Im always
you know up for having retail spaces
particularly in that neighborhood So my
feeling is that I would like to see that
filled if it is a retail shop
LIZA PADEN Yes
PAMELA WINTERS I dont know if my
colleagues agree with me but I would like to
encourage that
HUGH RUSSELL Youre probably
living closer to that spot than any of us
PAMELA WINTERS Yes What was it
before Liza do you remember
LIZA PADEN Its been a variety of
things
7
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Liza
that used to be the Oxford Street Realty
office right
LIZA PADEN Yes real estate and
insurance office Thank you
H THEODORE COHEN Its been sort
of a kids clothing store most recently I
think
PAMELA WINTERS Right
LIZA PADEN Right Thank you
PAMELA WINTERS Well I would just
like to encourage retail you know that
being filled up so thats it
And well be getting the Norfolk Street
one later
LIZA PADEN August 6th its going
to come back to you
PAMELA WINTERS Okay thank you
LIZA PADEN Thats it
8
HUGH RUSSELL Thats it
Is there a transcript
LIZA PADEN And were working
through the transcripts So theres no new
transcripts yet
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
H THEODORE COHEN Liza can I ask
a question There was an article in the
Cambridge Chronicle about the Kaya Ka Hotel
I was wondering if you knew what the status
of that was
LIZA PADEN So the Kaya Ka Hotel I
dont remember exactly when the Special
Permit was granted by the Planning Board but
theres been a Special Permit for the use and
some dimensional changes in the Overlay
District which were the result of the
rezoning for that particular Zoning District
And then they came back for an amendment to
9
the Planning Board to address the valet
parking arrangement that they wanted to have
in the basement and they had to reconfigure
the driveway because their desire to have a
shared driveway with the abutter it fell
through So that Special Permit I dont
know if you remember but at the end of the
year for the last three years I believe
theyve come in and theyve requested an
extension of the Special Permit So thats a
valid permit and its -- the expiration date
is now December of 2013
H THEODORE COHEN And the article
indicated they were about to start
construction
LIZA PADEN Right We have not
seen the construction drawings yet and we
havent reviewed them for the conditions of
the Planning Board Special Permit
10
H THEODORE COHEN And on another
matter I recommend to all my colleagues and
all the public to take a look at the church
next to Lesley University which is undergoing
a lot of activity and it looks like its
about to be moved shortly
Do you have any timing on that
LIZA PADEN No But Lesley
University has an extensive construction site
that theyve put up on-line and they have an
overall construction plan that covers the
entire duration of the construction and then
they have the next two weeks in action So
theres also an e-mail list that you can
access there and get put on updates of when
they send out the updates every week youll
get an update
H THEODORE COHEN Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL I guess well take a
11
ten or an eight minute recess until 720 for
our next scheduled business
LIZA PADEN Right
(A short recess was taken)
(William Tibbs seated)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay the magic hour
has arrived It is now 720 and we can go on
to our 720 public hearing Planning Board
case 282 533 Putnam Avenue
GREGORY COLLING Hi Would it be
better if I placed the boards facing the
audience I didnt bring an easel with me
HUGH RUSSELL Liza will assist you
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
My name is Greg Colling Im an
architect with Merrimack Design based in
Amesbury Massachusetts and Im representing
Lianne Bensley Shes the owner of 533
Putnam Avenue Shes unfortunately unable to
12
attend this evening but several members of
her family are here on her behalf
So 533 Putnam Avenue is on -- well
Putnam Avenue between Brookline and Acorn
Street Its on the south side of Putnam
Avenue Its roughly a 5000 square foot
lot It has a Victorian half house on one
side Its a half a house Its built in
1869 Its a second empire house And then
on the left side of the lot is a one-story
storefront building that has a series of six
garage bays on the back side of it that have
been added That was built initially in
1922
The abutting properties are 539 Putnam
Avenue Its a triple decker Its a green
triple decker on the left And then the
other abutting properties are on Acorn Street
which is behind the half house
13
LIZA PADEN This is Acorn
GREGORY COLLING And its also --
the corner touches 285 Brookline The
propertys been owned by Li Bensley since
1996 Her husband whos now deceased ran a
construction business with Li and they ran
that business there until 2004 And she
subsequently moved out of Cambridge and has
been renting the Victorian house The half
house is actually two dwelling units And
then the one-story accessory structure is --
has two tenants and it has a business tenant
Its a non-conforming use The residence is
in a Residence C District
So the owner is proposing to convert
the non-conforming accessory structure into a
single-family owner-occupied residence which
is non-conforming Its because there are
two units already on the property So this
14
would be a -- were proposing to add a third
unit on the property
And in addition to adding a third unit
on the property were proposing a reduction
in parking Currently there is a driveway a
12-foot driveway that goes from the front of
the lot to the back There isnt sufficient
turning radius to enter the garage bays
because of an egress stair and a deck that
was built in the yard so currently its used
as tandem parking for the business tenants
According to the owner the two apartment
tenants do not use the driveway at all
So were hoping to -- that youll
allow us to convert this non-conforming
structure into a single-family residence
Were proposing to have two tandem parking
spaces for the use of the owner which I
understand that tandem parking isnt allowed
15
or its not recognized as a legal parking
space So it would be in effect were
continuing the same amount of parking which
is one legal parking space on that property
In addition were providing bicycle parking
on the property for three bicycle spaces
And there is also -- theres a map that weve
brought that shows the bus stations that are
nearby There are two bus routes that are
nearby and also Zipcar locations and theres
a grocery store thats within walking
distance
So we feel that our proposal will
minimally impact the neighborhood We feel
that taking a non-conforming accessory
structure thats deteriorated and
underutilized and turning that into a
single-family residence will be an
enhancement to the neighborhood and to the
16
community
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
STEVEN WINTER May I ask a
question
I want to make sure that I know which
building which place youre talking about
and Im just trying to get my head around
what it is and where it is Is this the
structure that used to be a news distribution
-- newspaper distribution back in the day
Does anybody know that
MEMBER FROM THE AUDIENCE Yes
STEVEN WINTER So I know what that
is now So the only work that were talking
about doing is not to the larger structure
which is owned by the proponent but the work
is on that series of --
GREGORY COLLING Correct
17
STEVEN WINTER -- spaces And is
it to renovate existing bricks and mortar or
is it to tear down and build new
GREGORY COLLING Were proposing to
reuse the existing structure and not tear it
down We do have to remove -- in the rear
corner the deterioration is such that we have
to replace the masonry in the back of the
building But were proposing to work within
the existing structure Were not proposing
any changes to the front of the bidding other
than taking out a door on the side and
replacing that with a window to match the
storefront And we are proposing a
three-foot overhang on the driveway side
which is invisible really to any any
adjacent properties as a covered entry
STEVEN WINTER And is this is the
plan then for one single story not two
18
stories
GREGORY COLLING Correct Were
not proposing a second story Were working
with then the existing volume structure
STEVEN COHEN In your application
you describe this as being an owner-occupied
Is that the plan that the three units will
remain under common ownership Its not
being you know the lots being subdivided
or condoized or --
GREGORY COLLING No the owner uses
the other two existing residential units on
the property for rental income and then she
will continue that and she will be living in
the one-story accessory structure
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre requesting a
third unit on the site but also all the units
will be less than the minimum area size is
that correct
19
GREGORY COLLING Right theyre
less than 1800 square feet per unit Right
WILLIAM TIBBS Okay
HUGH RUSSELL This is a 528
proposal on a conversion of a non-residential
structure for residential use so its looked
at differently There the rule is that you
can divide the structure into 1100 square
foot units
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL And the actual gross
area is for 300 units -- 320 square feet is
going to be one unit so it meets that
standard
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
(Ahmed Nur Seated)
HUGH RUSSELL So the relief youre
seeking is a conversion reduction of the
20
required parking and 5822 and thats
(inaudible) The third thing is the getting
the third unit by Special Permit process not
by a Variance process
GREGORY COLLING It was recommended
by the Building Inspector that I go through
the Special Permit process rather than try to
seek a variance
HUGH RUSSELL Shall we go to public
testimony
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have two
quick questions
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
TOM SIENIEWICZ Sorry two quick
questions One the openings on the it
would be looks like the east side of the
property the window openings those are
existing the ones that are close to the
property
21
GREGORY COLLING Correct
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay And then can
you just --
STEVEN WINTER Which ones are
these Could you point that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ The ones at the top
of the drawing
STEVEN WINTER Yes okay Thank
you
LIZA PADEN This is the shared
property line
TOM SIENIEWICZ And then the
extension of the three-foot overhang on the
-- over the door is --
GREGORY COLLING Want me to point
that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ If you could just
point that out
GREGORY COLLING Yeah that
22
proposed cantilever roof is right here This
is the existing two-family house thats on
the property
TOM SIENIEWICZ Yes
And so then in terms of the open space
how does that divide up relative to the
units on the -- is it assigned to one of
every unit
GREGORY COLLING Its assigned to
this unit
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Are there any other
questions
STEVEN WINTER Actually I do
Mr Chair just one more
The smaller dark square does that
represent a part of the buildings on the
property Its down towards the bottom
LIZA PADEN This
23
STEVEN WINTER Yes that
GREGORY COLLING Thats an abutting
property Thats 186
STEVEN WINTER Thats not what
were talking about
GREGORY COLLING Correct
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Okay so were going
to go to public testimony And by
coincidence the first person to speak is
Mark Sullivan who lives at (Inaudible) Go
to the podium and give your name and your
address
MARK SULLIVAN Good evening Im
Mark Sullivan the owner and occupier of 6
and 8 Acorn Street which is the black square
on the plan that we see there My wife Ann
and I own 6 and 8 Acorn Street Weve -- in
October will be 29 years in the neighborhood
24
That property is very familiar to me We
look out every morning as I make coffee and
all of our -- all three the bedrooms in the
house are very very closely directly
overlook the yard part of the property And
thats thats where most of my questions
relate to for this renovation And this is
the first time Ive been involved in such a
process so Im -- pardon me if Im not asking
the right questions whatever they may be
I guess -- so theres a couple of
things that Im interested to know about if
theres a possibility given this building is
unusual and theres a request for a you
know a different approach if in that case
any setback requirements are different
Because if we if we look on the plan the
yard plan that hedge that is close to my
house -- I dont think that property line has
25
been surveyed in the 29 years that Ive been
there And it just seems to me that -- and
if Im correct it almost looks like theres
some surveyor marks on some of the other
sides of the plan
GREGORY COLLING We had the
property surveyed
MARK SULLIVAN The property between
Liannes property and mine I didnt see
numbers here
GREGORY COLLING I believe it was
HUGH RUSSELL With the Boards
indulgence I think we can allow this sort of
dialogue
TOM SIENIEWICZ Thats fine
GREGORY COLLING This is your
property right here and you have space behind
your house
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
26
GREGORY COLLING The property line
is right against the party wall
MARK SULLIVAN Okay so that survey
was done recently
GREGORY COLLING Right
MARK SULLIVAN So with the
plantings that are proposed the -- one of my
concerns is being able to access the rear of
my house for necessary repair you know
painting etcetera etcetera Currently its
a wooden deck which you can see in I think
its your photo 10 that you have in the
package which will also give you an idea of
how close we are in this little enclave So
my concern is obviously not wanting to cause
any damage to that if -- and I do need to do
some renovations to the exterior of my house
quite shortly So again Im wondering if
the plan is to bring those plantings right to
27
the property line or whatever required you
know inward movement or setback might be in
this particular case
GREGORY COLLING Well I think we
showed for privacy purposes we showed a
hedge thats on thats against the property
line It wouldnt extend over your property
but its on -- against that boundary
MARK SULLIVAN Right And how high
does that going to be
GREGORY COLLING We havent
determined that yet but Im sure thats
something we can work out with Li
MARK SULLIVAN The other thing I
just wanted to call to attention is going to
be the use of the yard and the materials
used I mentioned some concern about noise
Ive spoken to Lianne you know certainly I
certainly dont think shes going to be
28
having the sorts of parties that previous
tenants have had Weve also have had a
break-in on our first floor which is why you
see grates on the window But you know
those were past days But because of the
way you know the buildings kind of create
this amplified almost noise effect Im
just -- Lianne said that theres going to be
maybe a crushed stone material used
GREGORY COLLING Yeah there will
be permeable surface back there and theres
one paved portion of the area thats closer
to the building
MARK SULLIVAN And then something
also I dont see in the plan I guess the
language thats used is the work will be --
will occur entirely within the footprint of
the building But in my view theres going
to be significant demolition and new
29
construction required in that yard area So
I wonder you know if theres a plan on how
long thats going to -- when that might
start How long that might go on What the
nature of that work might be Again thats
its literally right under our noses so I
would just like to understand what that might
look like
GREGORY COLLING Well again our
primary focus has been to get through the
Special Permit process and we developed a
plan Theres more work that needs to be
done to develop the landscape but we have a
proposal here that we brought to this meeting
and thats you know basically a schematic
plan for what we intend to do And Im sure
that you know we have we can work with you
if you have an issue with the hedge but I
think were again were improving the
30
space Were taking out that wood deck
thats rotted thats with the garbage cans
back there And were planning on creating a
nice space that I think youll be pleased
MARK SULLIVAN It will look a whole
lot better than it looks currently And
again the -- and so the other related issue
when I spoke with Lianne and I mentioned this
to you that this air conditioning unit
thats shown in the exterior that she did
say her plan is to move it under the stairs
but since that is not shown in this kind of
drawing you know I would have a great
interest in that occurring because of the
you know the noise that comes right up from
that fairly large unit and we hear it we
certainly hear it in our house And its
great that she says that she plans to do
that But I just wonder how that would be
31
kind of confirmed through the planning and
the iteration
HUGH RUSSELL We can do that We
can make that a condition of a permit
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
Will there be any air conditioning
units on the roof
GREGORY COLLING Not to my
knowledge
MARK SULLIVAN And is there any
outdoor lighting plan
GREGORY COLLING We havent
developed an outdoor lighting plan other than
to have recessed lights at the cantilevered
roofs Just two little spots that light and
demarcate the entrance to the building
MARK SULLIVAN Uh-huh
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh youve asked
our indulgence but I think we should proceed
32
on
HUGH RUSSELL Continue on
WILLIAM TIBBS And the conversation
youre having you can continue to have
and --
STEVEN WINTER And you should
WILLIAM TIBBS -- but we need to
get back on this
MARK SULLIVAN Great thank you
very much
HUGH RUSSELL Okay Does anyone
else wish to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I see no one
wanting to speak So now we will discuss
this proposal
STEVEN COHEN Well Ill start if
nobody else will Its currently a
non-conforming use a non-conforming
33
dimensionally in many respects And with the
changes I dont think any of the
non-conformities are being exacerbated In
many respects from the use to the open space
that the situation is being improved in
almost every aspect I think its a great
way to use this non-conforming structure and
I think its a great idea great proposal
and a great plan for this lot
HUGH RUSSELL Bill
WILLIAM TIBBS I guess I have a
question for the proponent You said that
the -- all the open space was going to be
used by the converted unit and so theres no
open space available for the existing two
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
Theres safe access on to the property for
the two rental units but the rear yard will
be private and dedicated to the proposed
34
residence
WILLIAM TIBBS And how is the open
space being used currently by those tenants
GREGORY COLLING It isnt Its
basically a trash storage area
WILLIAM TIBBS What about the wood
deck
GREGORY COLLING And the wood deck
to my knowledge I havent seen it used
WILLIAM TIBBS I mean what was its
purpose What were the users of the deck
Was it a commercial --
GREGORY COLLING Im not sure
WILLIAM TIBBS Was it commercial
use
SAM BENSLEY People would go out
there and have a drink and tenants in the
building
WILLIAM TIBBS The tenants --
35
HUGH RUSSELL Could you give us
your name please
SAME BENSLEY Sam Bensley
WILLIAM TIBBS Other than for me
the idea of the renovation makes sense Not
allowing the tenants who even though they
may not have used it that deck obviously was
there for their use to -- when you have we
typically like to see if there are units on
the property that all of the units there have
some benefit from the open space
GREGORY COLLING Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS Actually can I say
something My name is Chris Williams Im
Ms Bensleys brother
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS And I think I can
point out a couple of things Firs it that
there is a front yard to the two-unit
36
building Its very small And the leases
that weve written for both of the two
tenants do not include the yard at all They
only include the rental unit itself So
they dont even really have access to the
backyard They havent really used it as Sam
said And they dont use it now
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre saying that
the existing leases --
CHRIS WILLIAMS The existing leases
do not --
WILLIAM TIBBS -- theyre not
allowed to use --
CHRIS WILLIAMS They dont allow
them to use the yard The only lease is to
the actual unit itself and not to the yard
GREGORY COLLING Obviously privacy
having a private outdoor space is important
to the owner
37
WILLIAM TIBBS Its also important
to other people too
GREGORY COLLING Right
PAMELA WINTERS Yes
HUGH RUSSELL Its not completely
private because of Mr Sullivans house So
its a you know a semi-private space
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL One that I would
characterize most peoples yards in
Cambridge
GREGORY COLLING Semi-private
HUGH RUSSELL Yes You may control
who comes into it but many people look at
the open spaces
Steve
STEVEN WINTER The semi-private
concept is very nice I like that And it
really is living in a dense urban
38
environment Believe me theres going to be
interaction and contact between the people in
the windows and the people on the ground I
mean theres -- theyre neighbors and thats
going to happen so we want to make it the
best experience for all of them
I need clarification on the rooftop
mechanicals So I need for the proponent to
say clearly there are no rooftop mechanicals
or there are rooftop mechanicals and this is
what they are So thats simply something
that we need clarification on
And I -- I -- just because it was
brought up I think that we are going to need
clarification on the existing lease defining
the tenants access to the side yards Now
Im not sure what I would say if it didnt
say that but I think as long as its been
brought forward we just need to confirm
39
that I feel And if my colleagues feel
differently you know just tell me and I
realize Im being in a bad mood today or
whatever it is we can do that
And I think the lighting is also really
important to us And weve got a lot of
folks in the city who are concerned about the
lighting
Mr Chair is there a -- theres a
lighting plan that the proponent can provide
us right that shows where the lights are
and what directions they go that would assure
us and the neighbors that the lighting will
not interfere with their private spaces
HUGH RUSSELL Such a plan could be
prepared and shown to Mr Sullivan and it
could you know discuss it and come to an
understanding of what made sense and it can
be submitted to us or submitted as a
40
condition you know of the vote I think my
preference is since I dont hear you know
much opposition tonight there are details to
be worked out but the concept seems to be
acceptable So Id rather not you know
delay our approval by a month or six weeks
but Id like to have a process to make sure
that the details are worked out that
Mr Sullivan has consulted and has an
opportunity to discuss his matters with his
abutter And I think whats been represented
to us is that the outdoor space is more
diametric than the Zoning of the building and
its not surprising that we would do that
STEVEN WINTER Okay let me then --
let me take off the table confirming that the
leases -- to the tenant leases define whether
they can or cannot I think Im okay with
that And I concur Mr Chair with what you
41
had said but I do believe that we need to be
respectful of Mr Sullivans areas of
interest which are accessing the rear of his
house the height of the hedges the use of
the yard materials and its permeability that
are next to him and noise related
particularly the air conditioning unit I
think those are real concerns
GREGORY COLLING Sure
STEVEN WINTER I also agree this is
a great plan Its a wonderful use Its a
family that you know has been in Cambridge
for a long time and I think its -- and it
reuses a building in quite a nice way I
congratulate you on the design
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
STEVEN WINTER So yes I concur
And I wouldnt mind voting it appropriately
tonight to move it forward but I do want to
42
make sure that Mr Sullivan is taken care of
PAMELA WINTERS Could I just say
one thing I concur with what Steve just
said and particularly living so close to the
air conditioning that could be really
bothersome
GREGORY COLLING I understand
PAMELA WINTERS Yes And also the
height of the hedge just because Ive gone
through this myself you know this issue
myself You know do you have any idea as to
what kind of hedging or height you want to
put in there
GREGORY COLLING It would probably
be a hue thats shoulder height
PAMELA WINTERS Hues are great
And hues grow to be eight feet tall and
theyre inexpensive So that might be a good
choice
43
And I dont have any trouble with the
tandem parking so I just wanted to mention
that too
And also I think its important for the
abutter to get into you know if he has to
have some roofing done or something done on
the side of his house its important for him
to get into that little area
GREGORY COLLING Im sure that Li
would be amenable to working with Mark on
that
PAMELA WINTERS Great Okay
HUGH RUSSELL Its a practical
matter if its only the width between
Mr Sullivans house and the hedge it
appears to me the width of a kitchen counter
So its about two feet You cant actually
put a ladder up against the house in two
feet so theyre going to have to work
44
together And you know when I trim my
wisteria I put my ladder on my next-door
neighbors property and you know sometimes
I ask her and sometimes I assume the
permission thats been granted in the past
carries over You know if hes planning to
do some work it might be smart to maybe not
plant the hedge until the work is done if
that you know if that can be worked out as
an arrangement
GREGORY COLLING Well typically
the landscape work is the last piece thats
done so that might be something that we can
work out I think -- I wasnt aware that
Mark had a concern about the location of the
condenser and were certainly more than happy
to work with him and address any of his
concerns And Im sure Li you know shes a
great neighbor and I think that shed be more
45
than happy to address any of Marks concerns
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I propose that
we attach a condition that the air
conditioner be you know removed at some
distance from the property line
PAMELA WINTERS I agree
HUGH RUSSELL A distance maybe
being a width of the L on the half house
STEVEN COHEN If I could add one
comment about that condenser Frankly if
its a loud condenser moving it even that
distance isnt going to make an enormous
amount of difference I think the real key
to the condenser is not as much the location
but getting a quiet condenser And Im not
quite sure what the Cambridge noise ordinance
says about the noise level of condenser but
theyre available extremely quiet nowadays
and I dont know that its within our
46
jurisdiction to actually specify the decibel
level here But I think under the
circumstances and just being a good neighbor
with a fellow whos already expressed a
concern about it I think you would be well
advised to find an extremely quiet condenser
They cost a few bucks more but not a whole
lot more and it would make a world of
difference
As for the property line it is what it
is It is where it is Theres nothing we
can do to change that And frankly if the
tenants under the leases have rights to
outdoor space theres nothing that we can do
here to in any way compromise their rights
under those leases But maybe we can
encourage to do something about the noise
from the condenser
GREGORY COLLING I think thats
47
something thats -- that we certainly can
work with Mark on
STEVEN WINTER May I remind the
Chair just to be a timekeeper we are at
eight oclock We are at ten till eight and
just to remind the Chair that we are working
hard to stay on the schedule
HUGH RUSSELL So we can dilly
dally around for six minutes because
otherwise well have to take another break
But Ahmed did you want to say
something
AHMED NUR Okay I think most of
the points have been covered by my colleagues
definitely for the approval of this
renovation One concern that I share with --
and I think a lot of people said the same
thing but Im concerned with Mark Sullivans
case The rear of the house Im assuming
48
the shrubs the houses are too close So
wherever the property line might be for the
surveyors I mean trees outgrow and you dont
want to cover (inaudible) And obviously by
rule hes going to come down to chop it
Its his right to do that
GREGORY COLLING Right Theres an
access alley for servicing the facade of that
house on the property Theres about a three
foot path against the house
AHMED NUR And also I cant really
see whether that facade where the shrubs are
where the east or southern sun and if its
going to be eight foot tall it might block or
overshadow his kitchen or whatever it is near
the rear of the house
GREGORY COLLING I dont think the
hedge was planned to be eight feet
AHMED NUR Okay
49
MARK SULLIVAN May I speak
AHMED NUR Mark wants to speak
MARK SULLIVAN Just to make a
comment clear Im not interested in an eight
foot hedge either because I think the space
will look quite nice And as you folks have
summarized you know our concerns are
primarily noise some of which we can easily
work out with Lianne and some is mechanical
To be able to borrow an improved view would
be nice
HUGH RUSSELL Ready to act on this
Would someone like to put forward the motion
referring to the application for the specific
relief sought
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair Id like
to -- and fellow Board Members Id like to
make a motion that the application for a
Special Permit to convert a non-residential
50
structure to residential use to reduce the
amount of required parking and to occupy the
lot with more dwelling units than would be
allowed dimensionally The conventional C
Zoning District dimensional regulations be
allowed based on the findings of this Board
and also on conditions as discussed by this
Board Im not sure what they are at the
moment specifically but relating
specifically to conversations that he will
have with his immediate abutter relating to
concerns about lighting and sound and
landscaping details And maintenance access
rights over the property Thats the motion
BRIAN MURPHY So moved
H THEODORE COHEN Second
HUGH RUSSELL I heard Teds second
first
Is there discussion on the motion
51
All those in favor of the motion
(Raising hands)
HUGH RUSSELL All members voting in
favor And thats it
Thank you for a very clear presentation
and a great architectural job
GREGORY COLLING Thank you very
much
(A short recess was taken)
HUGH RUSSELL All right we can
begin now on the next item on the agenda
which is a discussion of a recommendation on
the Teague Petition on light trespass And
we had a public hearing and before we made
comments those comments were referred to the
staff And Jeff Roberts and other people on
the staff have thought about those and come
back with a written response to what we
brought to them So I think what wed like
52
to do is start with Jeff presenting the work
that hes done and the thinking and the
rationale behind it Then well ask
Mr Teague to respond to that and then we
will decide what were going to say to the
Council
So please proceed
JEFF ROBERTS Thank you Mr Chair
Jeff Roberts CDD
I just wanted to briefly go over mostly
just the proposed modifications which are in
the package that we sent to the Board It
starts following the text of the draft
recommendation On the text of the draft
recommendation itself is as we tend to do
sometimes we take the Boards comments and
form it into a draft recommendation And
certainly were all open to hearing the
Boards comments and suggestions about
53
revisions that we can then take back and
modify as the Board wishes But I wanted to
take a moment to go over some of the proposed
text that comes after -- the Zoning text that
comes after that in order to address some of
the questions because some questions have
come up since this came out We wanted to
try to address those right off the bat
In general the intent of the proposed
modifications is to retain the same overall
scope as the petition and to create some
clearer standards that rely less on
discretionary enforcement That was an issue
that the Planning Board raised at the last
hearing But one of the considerations that
we have is to keep within the scope of the
initial petition and not to deviate largely
from that scope which would require a
possible re-advertisement of the petition
54
The one particular issue thats come up
that we have -- I feel that we maybe havent
addressed fully is the question of how this
applies to existing lighting And this is
a -- this is an issue thats covered broadly
in Zoning by the state laws that enable
Municipal Zoning Rules and this comes from
Chapter 40A Section 6 of the state laws
which says -- and Im skipping a little bit
but basically says A Zoning Ordinance or
by-law shall not apply to structures or uses
lawfully in existence or lawfully begun but
shall -- before that Zoning change was
adopted but shall apply to any change or
substantial extension of such use to any
reconstruction extension or structural
change of such structure and to any
alteration of a structure to provide for its
use for a substantially different purpose or
55
for the same purpose in a substantially
different manner that was substantially
greater extent And thats the overall
framework within which the Zoning Ordinance
is written
In Cambridge the Zoning Ordinance we
also have Article 8 which is a which is a
general set of standards on non-conformity
which starts with that state law provision
and adds some other instances where for one
reason or another the City allows
non-conforming structures or non-conforming
uses to continue in certain specific ways
So based on this overall framework
its our understanding that whether the
original petition language were put forward
or in the case of the modified language it
would apply to new buildings new uses and
significant alterations that -- to buildings
56
or to lighting and would not compel existing
property owners who installed their lighting
you know in a way that was legal at the
time before this petition was advertised
would not compel them to change their
lighting or to take down any existing
fixtures
In fact the proposed text is meant to
clarify that the non-conformity rules
wouldnt necessarily apply to maintain an
existing non-conforming lighting light when
you do when you do significant alterations
to a building So its meant to clarify that
any change you make to a building to a use
or to the lighting on a building has to be
brought into conformance with what the new
regulations are
So thats just one overall piece And
then Id like to just take a quick step
57
through some of the -- what the provisions
actually are And it says it says Page 1
of 6 where it starts but its several pages
into the document Im sorry about the page
numbering
The first page covers the definitions
which are included thats included in the
original petition There are some small
changes for clarity and directness of
application Some additions borrowed
from other -- which weve borrowed a little
bit by looking at other Ordinances that had
been actually brought up at the public
hearings and Ive spent a little bit of time
looking through those and comparing the
standards that are proposed with standards
that are in existence in some other places
and some that might have been held up as
models And in particular thats the
58
standards having to do with the illuminance
rating and the illuminance and that factors
in later on So Ill just skip ahead with
that
On page 2 the applicability again
makes it clear where were enforcing these
standards which would be really any in any
instance where Zoning rules do apply And we
included some exceptions in response to the
Planning Boards comment about will this be
possibly too extensive or have unintended
consequences Some of these exceptions are
present in the original petition Some have
been added For instance in A where it
talks about city lighting thats a provision
thats suggested to make sure that the City
essentially doesnt get in its own way For
instance if there was a situation in a
public park where the neighbors were
59
concerned about safety and made a request to
the City to increase lighting the Citys
hands wouldnt then be tied by its own
Ordinance to be able to respond to that kind
of a public concern
Indoor lighting is included because I
think that in most other Ordinances the
illumination standards do specify outdoor
lighting Indoor lighting can be very
difficult to enforce If somebody put a lamp
in their window would you then have to take
a Zoning enforcement action Its a
difficult scenario in which to try to apply a
Zoning enforcement
And the abandon new provision was
actually one that was taken from -- which is
on page 3 I believe was taken -- it was a
suggestion thats included from other
Ordinances again to try to to the extent
60
possible facilitate the replacement of old
non-conforming fixtures with with newer
conforming fixtures and not to allow people
to use the fact that the light hasnt been --
its been sort of not on for a long time to
then do something that might not otherwise be
in conformance
The rest of page 3 makes it makes a
change in the language on the regulation to
clarify that whats being regulated are the
things that cause the light rather than light
itself thats being regulated It is more
straightforward in my opinion to regulate
physical fixtures and structures in a way
that can be directly observed and enforced
The overall regulation remains based on the
sort of the principle that was described by
the petitioner which is that you can
visually verify whether a light is -- is in
61
conformance or potentially not in
conformance And I think it was the Boards
suggestion that perhaps there could be a
recourse that then a property owner could
either then fix the problem or could provide
some evidence that the light actually is in
conformance with what those specific
standards are
We did I should note on again that
the burden really would be on the installer
And under B I think as well as A and C on
that page we can you know we can add the
text that the installer has demonstrated I
think that would be your reasonable standard
that was just as a clerical matter It was
just left out of the text
The -- there was a comment that about
the half a foot candle 05 foot candles and
in terms of whether that was a too high a
62
standard There are other -- there are
actually a range of standards that are used
in many other Ordinances They have
different standards that apply to different
zones and different districts and to be
consistent with the petition were trying to
figure out something that could apply
citywide So 05 may be you know may be on
the high end Other cities use 035 02
01 or sometimes as low as 005 but that
tends to be again where theres a
separation between residential districts and
non-residential districts And we can look
at that a little more or talk about that a
little more
And then I just wanted to make a
comment too because this was brought up in
723 thats retaining the existing text in
the Zoning I think there may have been some
63
confusion as to whether that is meant to
imply that this continues to only apply only
in Residence A B C and C1 districts which
is not the case The new regulations would
apply citywide If there was concern about
these regulations and whether or not they
would apply to other districts such as
Residence C-2 we could add Residence C-2 to
that list as an amendment to that text but
the petition didnt actually amend that text
so we left it we left it as is
Another consideration is to say that
the new regulation supersedes the old
regulation and maybe theres no need to have
it at all and it could be deleted
The next page on page 4 is -- it talks
about enforcement And this is again based
on the -- its the sort of core of the
petition that this should be a
64
complaint-driven enforcement There is a
general provision Article 9 of the Zoning
for a person to to request a Zoning
enforcement and this is just a way to
provide some more detail to that process
where in this particular case were looking
at this as a special case there would be a
process of recording a specific item and then
having the owner have a chance to respond and
then at that point being able to move forward
with other avenues of Zoning enforcement just
to provide opportunities where these issues
can be resolved in a straight forward manner
There is one note one comment that was
made to me that it says in 7242 the owner
of any property intends and it actually is
true that in the Zoning its not necessarily
a property owner but any aggrieved person
So it could be a renter who could file that
65
kind of complaint So that would be a
recommended change to this That is to say
instead of the owner of any property just any
individual could make that request
The rest of it is very similar to the
petition We did add one note that says that
just to -- I guess a clarifying note and
its on page 6 where the -- they talk about
parking regulations that the lighting must
conform to the requirements of Article 7
Again just to kind of button things up And
there was a question also that was raised
about I think outside of this it wasnt in
the petition but whether one foot -- what is
one foot candle be the appropriate standard
recommended standard for a parking lot And
its a question thats difficult to answer
but it it may be worth the Citys
consideration at some point --
66
HUGH RUSSELL When we do parking
lots half a free candle is the lowest level
You look at -- because the light is much
brighter under the luminaire theres a
minimum number and theres a ratio between
the brightest and the least bright portion
because of that ratio gets very high the eye
adjusts and so you have to keep that range
down But for that reason I would think
spilling a half a foot candle on somebody
elses property which is a reasonable
standard for a parking lot would be an
unreasonable spill standard And I think we
should not be allowed to spill as much light
as would allow your next-door neighbor to
have in a parking lot So maybe it should
be you know substantially lower and maybe a
02 setting you know And it certainly
worked under Ordinances where its 01 but
67
youre in more suburban locations where its
more easy to achieve that
MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE Can you
turn the volume up on the microphone so we
can hear you better
HUGH RUSSELL Ill try to move
closer to the microphone You werent here
earlier when we were having the feedback
problems Im hoping we can go back to our
regular meeting room sooner rather than later
where its a little bit easier there
So sorry Jeff I interrupted you
JEFF ROBERTS Thats fine
I think thats actually a good point
to you know in order for me to stop and to
let the Board ask questions or respond
HUGH RUSSELL So I guess my
question is based on the public testimony
many people came in and they said theres
68
this awful wall pack that somebody put up a
while ago and its really annoying And what
Im hearing you say is that because of the
way that the Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning
enabling network we cant we cant solve
that problem Is there a way to solve that
through the municipal lighting or should we
recommend to the Council that they pursue
that question Because to me its you know
having been the victim of wall packs in the
past and I got my neighbor to do a pretty
good job of fixing it eventually but I --
personally Im aware of that and I think we
heard this testimony And so is -- how do
you -- is it possible to deal with that if
you cant do it in Zoning some other way
JEFF ROBERTS Well Im not -- I
have to admit first that Im not an expert on
non-zoning legal matters but I can tell you
69
what Ive found in you know in just my
reading
Well first of all there is a
Municipal Code which is separate from the
Zoning Ordinance which doesnt it is not
established under Chapter 40-A but does
still have to adhere to any superseding state
laws or regulations so And again Im
not well enough versed in that to give
specific answers I -- but for you know
there is an examine in Cambridge for
example where you can look at the noise
ordinance in Cambridge where that is part of
the Zoning Code and its not part of the
Zoning Ordinance and its treated and
enforced in a you know different mechanism
I do know that because it was
recommended by the Board to look at other
examples that we have looked at Newtons
70
Newton Mass Code and they do have
requirements in their Zoning that apply to
you know new development new lighting but
they also have a light trespass provision
within their Ordinance on I believe its
miscellaneous finds and offenses that
discusses the amount of light trespass thats
allowed on an adjacent property And I
cant I cant say because I dont have any
firsthand examples whether thats been used
to enforce enforce an Ordinance on a
situation that was pre-existing I just
got -- actually I just got through one of
their former plans They had experience of
reviewing it through site plan review for
Zoning and making sure the lighting is
conforming that way but not whether there was
enforcement done in a different way
HUGH RUSSELL Do we have other
71
questions for Jeff
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
Jeff I think you did a great job The staff
did a great job And first Ill go back to
the last issue which is I would make a
recommendation or suggestion to City Council
or the staff that somebody ask the Law
Department because I think it is indeed a
problem under the Zoning Enabling Act to try
to deal with pre-existing non-conforming uses
or structures and that whether one could as
an analog to the noise ordinance adopt a
light ordinance at the site of Zoning which
might be immediately applicable to existing
uses
I -- the first question I have is in
your Section 723 where theres the
reference at the very end Proposed addition
shall conform to the requirements of Section
72
722 above
Is that intended to bring in the as
written currently not exceed one half foot
candle at any point beyond the property line
JEFF ROBERTS Yes That added
language I would characterize it as sort of
a buttoning up Just to make it clear that
723 doesnt supersede 722 but rather that
this is a sort of an additional set of -- and
it remains as additional set of standards and
requirements that -- but that 722 also
applies with regard to the shielding and the
spill --
H THEODORE COHEN Right right I
just wanted it to be clear in my mind that if
there were some spill under 723 but it did
not exceed the half foot candle or whatever
standard was ultimately agreed upon that
that would be okay
73
JEFF ROBERTS I -- as long as it --
yes if it meets all -- if it meets all the
standards If its only -- if it is
continuous and of indirect note and other
definitions but if its -- if it prevents
direct light from any other property and
shall conform -- oh Im sorry now I
understand what youre asking
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not view --
JEFF ROBERTS 723 supersedes 722
Well that may be that may be a concern I
guess if it is -- if that if that language
creates ambiguity --
H THEODORE COHEN Let me rephrase
it
JEFF ROBERTS Yes
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not -- in going after the people who
74
we really want to go after we are not making
every property owner every house owner who
has got a house you know with a light two
feet from their abutting property owners
property line is not going to be in violation
of this if it complies with whatever minimal
standard has been written into the Ordinance
And so as I read 722 if it wasnt more than
05 foot candle if you know that was okay
and I wanted to be clear that under 723 the
same standard would apply
JEFF ROBERTS Yes I would say that
is the intent But I think youve noted
something that could potentially being
resolved an ambiguity that could be resolved
by the text
H THEODORE COHEN Okay I dont
have the you know the knowledge or
background to say what the right level is
75
Ill have to take you know Hughs or
staffs determination of what is the proper
level
The comment you made on 7242
changing owner of any property to an
individual gives me some discomfort because
the way its been written now it relates as
you know a lot of Special Permits or Zoning
enforcement relates to aggrieved party within
300 feet or abutters to abutters and just
changing it to an individual is not tieing it
to some particular location And so I would
ask that you think about that again if you
want to go away from the owner of a property
that it somehow -- I mean I mean we dont
-- we want people who have a legitimate right
to be able to complain about it but not
necessarily someone whos a half mile away
saying oh I dont like the way that light
76
looks when I drive by So I would just be
careful about that
I had been concerned about the
overreach of everything under the original
language And I still am concerned about the
fact that if you can see it it can be deemed
a violation but I think the provision youve
written in here in 7242 ameliorates my
concerns a lot that there is this whole
process so that were not going to have
frivolous complaints being made or complaints
that you know neighbors versus neighbors
who just happen to be right next to each
other and saying well you know your porch
light is too bright because I can see it So
Im much more comfortable with that
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have a
comment and a question Jeff and I also
wanted to compliment you on how carefully you
77
listened and how much better this is since
the last time we saw it I think its worth
emphasis that the issue of standing which is
sort of cemented in the law of Zoning really
be more carefully articulated here I too
am uncomfortable about straining from that
issue Its abutters and abutters to
abutters and the 300-foot radius is I think
what I would be looking for in terms of
aggrieved parties as a definition But the
thing that Im missing the most I think
from a nearly perfect redrafted section here
and looking at the Section 641 at the end
which is entitled Purpose made me think
that I was missing that in the illumination
section sort of just a general couple of
sentences at the beginning to say why are we
concerned about this in the city of
Cambridge And obviously were concerned
78
about the spilling of light on to adjacent
properties and the effect it might have on
the ability of those adjacent property owners
to enjoy their property And I think its
another thing missing And its interesting
that this diagram is up here on the screen
because the aggrieved party is gesturing at
the ground and looking at his neighbor But
actually theres another condition that the
section of the Ordinance could address which
is which is the night sky And I think that
thats another purpose of this Ordinance
which is to control the effective light
spilling up into the night sky which is an
issue of environmental concern increasingly
in this country and I think Cambridge should
take credit for and also highlight its
concern about the issue that light should not
unnecessarily spill into the night sky So I
79
really think the Ordinance and the diagram on
the right of the screen shows in fact the
lighting fixture thats doing both of those
things and thats correctly I think what we
should be concerned about And thank you
just two minor points
Thanks Jeff
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Well
first I want to say you talking about the
Rule of 40-A and the non-conforming
structures I think because this has come to
us from people who are dealing with this
problem now I would really like to see
included in your memo and the language that
you very carefully drafted with some changes
that my fellow board members that I think
articulated well Id like to see in our
memo a recommendation that City Council
really take up the approach that you
80
described Newton has which is that the
two-pronged approach The General Ordinance
to deal with the problem that is there now
where one property owner is creating a
nuisance for the other property owner so that
they can get some relief from existing
things but also that going forward we would
have that ongoing review and pro-active
dealing with this so that we dont create
those situations in the future
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes go ahead
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to agree
wholeheartedly with what you just said and
also I want to agree that I think we -- the
changes that you made to this from my
perspective are an improvement And I think
you hit upon a lot of the core issues that we
were concerned about The problem I think
81
that you have what you stated was within the
confines of a Zoning Petition You can only
change so much before it becomes something
else And I guess my recommendation would be
that the -- we actually look at with a
non-conforming piece it just -- its great
for new stuff but it doesnt do anything
about the current situation and I think
there may be some better mechanisms
So my recommendation would be that the
City really take this on but it actually
become a petition from -- that we work on to
get it right That would then you remember
at the first hearing I commented about the
fact that we probably -- it would be good to
have a consultant to help us with things half
of a lit candle versus something else And
if you had a city process where youre trying
to solve that you can do that So I think
82
as I said I think what this petition is
trying to do is very very good but Zoning
is always a proved mechanism to do it And I
am a little concerned Specifically I think
there is a -- Im concerned about what
constitutes a change Were talking about a
fixture versus a building so that -- and you
have the license that says if its new
construction yes But if youre altering or
changing it but what if you alter or change
the light fixture I mean that gets -- that
definition to me gets very unclear If a
light fixture is one light to the left and
they want to change it is that a change To
me it gets a little confusing The initial
standing I would agree also is the fact it
has to be and we just cant have people who
are renting and stuff like that this could
be a nightmare And I guess Im very
83
concerned about the the Section 2-point -- I
mean 7242 which is really the enforcement
piece And I think you will get a lot of
frivolous complaints They may not be
frivolous in the mind of the person
complaining but it may turn out to the
frivolous And even if it isnt frivolous
Im just concerned that it may get a lot I
mean the poor superintendent of buildings is
just going to get a lot of this stuff And
you know you get a complaint you have to
determine that the complaints valid Im
just concerned about that So I think you
know Municipal Code andor Zoning
combination just has a better approach to me
to solving as opposed to trying to just doing
it all
And thats all
PAMELA WINTERS Thanks Hugh
84
Is this on Im just curious I dont
know what a foot candle is How many watts
like for a bulb is it
JEFF ROBERTS Thats hard to say
So Ill try to do this in very laymens
terms Theres -- in lighting theres such
thing as theres luminance and then theres
illuminance And luminance is like your
bulb So if you have a 60-watt light bulb
thats -- I think somewhere around to
determine like 850 900 luminance which is
the -- because wattage is always different
depending on what kind of light you have
You measure the brightness of the light in
luminance and thats just the point source
of light
Illuminance means how much light youre
casting on something thats away So what --
the light that just that bulb is casting on
85
the floor or the wall is called illuminance
And its measured in -- foot candles are kind
of a weird unit I actually dont know how
it came about but its also I believe
equivalent to luminance per square foot So
its like imagining a light sort of creating
a wash over over a surface So its really
the intensity of the light spread over a
surface that its that its shining on So
you basically measure it and you use whats
called a lux meter You cant measure it if
you have sort of a room where you can just
turn on one light source you can hold up a
lux meter and get a reading on what the
illuminance is thats being a -- what that
means is that the further you get away from
the light source the illuminance or the foot
candles goes down And I should say too
and this could be a technical point that was
86
made to me and addressed to me that the
illuminance is generally as a technical
standard is measured horizontally against the
ground and vertically on a you know sort of
up and down direction And that could be
also clarified in the Zoning I think as a
technical point just to make sure its
consistent with what the professional
standards are
PAMELA WINTERS Well I was just a
little bit concerned about 723 because I
know in our house we have a driveway that the
front unit uses and we do too And also we
have our back unit And if we didnt have
the lighting up there we have sort of a
two-pronged lighting fixture one which goes
to the driveway and one which goes into
behind the gate in our backyard It would
it would really it would be pitch black
87
there and it would cause real security
issues But again its like we use --
like I dont know 50-watt bulbs so I dont
know what candle measurement would be but
you know we do try to you know we shine it
on those particular areas But Im sure some
of it you know does get reflected to some
of the neighbor -- I dont know
You know we also have an arbor and we
would put up Christmas lights around the
arbor all year actually and so -- we also
have plighting in the trees in our yard
HUGH RUSSELL Night sky
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah -- no no no
because the trees block the you know just
the trees block the --
STEVEN COHEN Youre going to jail
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah maybe I
shouldnt have said anything Anyway so I
88
guess I have an issue about that So I dont
know do you have any comments on that
JEFF ROBERTS No I mean I
think --
STEVEN COHEN Walk away
JEFF ROBERTS Youve done a good
job of I think illustrating the complexity of
enforcing these regulations in a way
thats --
PAMELA WINTERS I know
JEFF ROBERTS -- this sets you
know a clear set of standards and is as a
complaint-driven enforcement mechanism So
if you went up and uninstalled that light and
if you were you know installing that you
know whatever after the Zoning was
advertised and someone had a complaint with
it they would hopefully come to you first
and see if you could redirect it and you
89
know kind of give you their permission that
its okay But if not they could you know
they could -- if your light was not you
know shielded as its been described and
pointed downwards they could take a photo of
it send it to the Building Commissioner and
they could then they could ask you to verify
that your lighting is within the acceptable
parameters
PAMELA WINTERS Poor Building
Commissioner Boy Anyway go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Steve you want to
go
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair may I
speak
HUGH RUSSELL Go ahead
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
Mr Chair I simply wanted to concur that
with the general direction that the
90
conversation is going I concur with my
colleagues And I also would like to echo
the sentiment that the presentation of the
Zoning and the side bar Jeff the
explanations in them have made this a really
good exercise Jeff thank you for that
HUGH RUSSELL Id like to comment
that first several board members havent
spoken yet and secondly we have the
proponent of the original petition before us
who has studied the subject and studied the
proposal before us and I think we need to
listen to him And we have other members of
the public here And since theres something
substantially different in our
recommendation we need to listen to them
So I think Steve and Ahmed and I have
some comments too
STEVEN COHEN Jeff to the extent
91
that this is technical I dont have the
technical experience or knowledge to second
guess you And you seem to have made
yourself an expert in this area of lighting
over the passed few months But in general
on technical matters Im very much inclined
to defer to the analysis and research and
thought and efforts by you and the staff So
I think that youve done great on that The
thing to me thats most interesting and just
understand most important is this whole
question of non-conformity To the extent
that all of this is just prospective I think
it works reasonably well from every
perspective and including from an enforcement
perspective Its the non-conformities I
just want to ask you a little bit more about
first of all just under 40A6 as
interpreted as applied here what sort of
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changes would would bring a fixture out of a
legal non-conforming status Clearly
replacing the fixture its got to be brought
up to Code If youre making changes
alterations to the structure other than the
fixture does that at any point trigger a
requirement
JEFF ROBERTS Well it could And
thats the way weve essentially written it
to try to be as encompassing in scope as
possible to not provide any kind of
non-conformity exceptions that would allow
someone whos making an alteration that
requires a Building Permit or even an
Electrical Permit to install to install new
lighting To utilize the non-conformity
rules to be able to leave something up
thats not conforming
STEVEN COHEN So Im not sure Im
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understanding what youre saying So if
somebodys making a substantial change and --
but it doesnt involve the fixture are you
saying they do have to bring it into
conformity
JEFF ROBERTS If we -- in the
proposal that weve written --
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS -- and we have
specified that And if you do specify that
you can require that a property owner do
that
STEVEN COHEN And as youve
proposed it here what is the trigger point
I mean what is the extent of change that
would trigger the requirement
JEFF ROBERTS It would essentially
be that if youre it would be -- at least
the enforcement path would be you need to get
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a permit for -- from Inspectional Services
to to make an alteration to the building or
to change the use of the building in a way
that it falls within that definition of where
Zoning regulations can apply And thats
and theres -- and its sort of laid out in
Article 8 of the Zoning It says that any
alteration to the exterior of the structure
any alteration of the structure to
accommodate a different use substantially
different use than whats there at the time
and any enlargement of a use those are
those are the types of things or any
enlargement of a building those are the
types of things that you then have to if you
do that you have to comply with Zoning
STEVEN COHEN So bear with me I
wanted to work through this a little bit If
Im adding an addition to my house then my
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lighting must -- all of the lighting must
comply If Im adding a window to my
existing house do I have to bring lighting
into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS If its just a
replacement of an existing window
STEVEN COHEN Say Im enlarging an
opening or adding a new window
JEFF ROBERTS Right Then that
would trigger a Zoning review for Zoning
compliance --
STEVEN COHEN So it has to be
brought into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS Right So thats the
way its currently written again to try to
maintain the expansiveness and the scope of
the petition thats been proposed But the
Zoning could specify could be more specific
about where you do and where you dont
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require that lighting be brought into
conformance with the Zoning Code
STEVEN COHEN I mean obviously
youve put some thought into this and this is
what youre recommending Do you have any
concern that that might be an overly broad
requirement basically anybody doing anything
with their house other than painting or
repairs theyre going to have to bring all
their lighting into compliance Its more
than grandfathering everything Its not as
much as the proponents originally wished for
which is apply everywhere today I mean
whats your thought Do you see -- do you
have any concerns about this or are you
pretty comfortable and confident about that
recommendation
JEFF ROBERTS I would say that
there are concerns about that Its
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generally more strict than in other aspects
of Zoning where you may be allowed to
maintain an existing non-conformity as long
as the work -- thats sort of what I meant
when I referred to Article 8 Article 8 has
certain rules that say that you can if you
do some work that doesnt affect an existing
non-conformity then you can sort of keep
that non-conformity And the question is
really whats the desired outcome Is it to
just allow lighting to be replaced with
better lighting during the -- you know
during the natural course of its life Is
it you know burns out or no longer
functional or when youre -- or just when
youre building new buildings Or is it to
try as quickly as possible to bring as much
lighting as possible into conformance with
whats with whats desired
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And I guess I can try to characterize
who because Ive had conversations with the
Building Commissioner the Superintendent
about what the what the impact is going to
be in terms of enforcement and it does
require some more strict requirements for
someone whos for instance you know just
changing the use of a building If they have
an office building and theyre putting in a
restaurant and they dont really want to
touch the outside of the building
Inspectional Services would still demand that
they show a lighting plan with all of their
existing lighting And if it doesnt
conform then show a plan that you know pay
whatever it costs to bring it into
compliance
STEVEN COHEN Just a couple more
quick questions
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Again on the question of
non-conformity you know it struck me that
you know while some people might consider to
be onerous to have -- to bring all the
lighting up to compliance that maybe there
might be some basis for distinction between
commercial and residential uses And even
with residential perhaps between you know
multi-unit and structures and say three
families or smaller just a thought about
that possible distinction
And I guess one final thought unless
Im mistaken if my memory serves me
correctly the sign code and the sign
ordinance which I think is part of the
Zoning my recollection is that there is
there was something in there when it was
originally passed essentially a sunset type
law that for certain kinds of non-conforming
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signs they were permitted to remain in
existence but only for a limited period of
time I dont know how that slipped under
40A unless maybe the sign ordinance deemed to
be non-zoning or under the police power or
something but it if Im right in my
recollection it might offer another avenue
for thought in the way of dealing with
non-conforming uses
WILLIAM TIBBS Can I just real
quick just as a follow up to just what you
were just saying I just -- I just want to I
guess you remind us that process-wise the
petitioner made a petition we made comments
and Jeff was trying to write stuff relative
to our comments I didnt want you to feel
that Jeff was making a recommendation back to
us Hes just making recommendations and to
us -- hes just trying to get some writing
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which reflects what he thought he was hearing
which I thought he did a very good job of
This isnt a proposal from the City to us
Its really a proposal as to how to change
the language within the parameters of the
permit process
STEVEN COHEN I see
WILLIAM TIBBS He has limits to
what he can do
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Thank you
Jeff you dont have to answer these
right now but I just want you to basically
give it a thought or maybe consider if its
not I really couldnt find the language but
I was wondering about lights and dynamics in
motion Such as the city grows in night with
cyclists that we have all these flashing
lights that are head on with cars and we
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have the City of Cambridge -- we had the City
had after market head lamps you know you
see one thats manufactured correctly thats
illuminating beautifully and youll see a
tiny light of maybe even like a one foot
candle you know combination and also facing
the wrong way kind of blinding people so on
and so forth so I just thought of have you
thought about with traffic Thats one
And second comment that I wanted to
make is as engineers when we build buildings
we tend to have lights blend in with the
indoor or outdoor environment You know for
example if we were to put up a tile in a
sonar or something we would put the lighting
in first and then put the tile in so then we
can see the shadow it produces on the tile
You know as opposed to installing the tile
first and then putting the light in So
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have you considered or will you consider the
architectural impact the lights might have on
an environment How hot it is in there
What type of material it is And is it
bundled material if the lights are shining on
a bundled material produce a shadow you
know type
Thats all
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I have four
comments I think its important that we not
restrict the complaint process to owners of
property because if youre a tenant in say
a multi-family building and youre aggrieved
because somebody -- you may be impossible to
convince the owner of your apartment building
to bring a complaint and there could be many
reasons why the owner might not
I think you mentioned the abutters and
abutters to abutters in Cambridge but maybe
104
expanding that to allow people who are at
least tenants to also bring those complaints
Historical note dark sky The largest
telescope in the world was located in
Cambridge Massachusetts in about 1855 And
that instrument is still in Cambridge
although its utilities have been somewhat
diminished both because its only 15 inches
in diameter and secondly the parking lot
lights around the observatory cut off three
magnitudes of what they can see through it
and the night sky I think we should
recommend the City in its consideration of
light trespass really need to hire experts
And I mean uses have repeatedly that think
the CE Department has the technical expertise
to really get the fine grain I think we do
not have that expertise and thats just
going to have to be part of the process And
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I wouldnt want to hold up the enactment of
the Zoning piece but it might be that well
come back and say no youve got to make some
small adjustments to the Zoning in the
context of the other one We can do that
Fourth point is what triggers the
clients And I want to remind people of the
yellow sheet that we now get In order to do
almost anything to a house in the city
because almost every house is non-conforming
the exterior of the house has to go before
the Zoning Board and so you might want to
write in that when you make the trip to the
Zoning Board youve also got to demonstrate
that youre lighting
Changing light fixtures in the context
of a renovation plan isnt the huge part of
the plan but it might have a big impact on
the results to some of the people And if
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the Zoning Board was also looking at that
these questions and asking those questions
during their reviews we might get some more
places where we -- that would be in effect
H THEODORE COHEN Just one
clarifying Jeff Im sorry In 723
theres a reference any permanent lighting
permitted by the pre-exempt shall be shall be
continuous and direct etcetera etcetera
Many of us have outdoor lighting for
driveways and porches that are on motion
detectors so that theyre only on when
somebody is entering or leaving is that
does the word continuous mean that things
like that would not be permitted
JEFF ROBERTS That was a question
that crossed my mind as well but not really
something that was included in the scope of
the petition so I didnt I didnt look into
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that very closely to see how they enforce it
I dont believe that a motion sensor light is
considered a non-continuous light I think a
non-continuous light refers to flashing or
strobe I guess
HUGH RUSSELL You mentioned at some
point that possibly 723 (inaudible) is one
provision in it that it talks about the
decorative lighting that might be added in
the 722 list of things of exceptions And
as I think if -- we had several discussions
about what how do these two things work
together and youre thinking I think that
you could probably just delete 723 so that
that confusion didnt come up And take
whatevers in it that isnt in the rest of it
and put it in the rest
Okay if we are complete with our
comments Id like Mr Teague to critique us
108
CHARLES TEAGUE You dont really
want me to critique you
WILLIAM TIBBS Sure Briefly
critique us
CHARLES TEAGUE Im on the ten
minute clock here Charles Teague 23
Edmunds Street and you have caught me out
This was a Band-Aid This was going to be a
quick thing despite and despite being a
quick thing by attorneys engineers
architects lighting experts so you know
it looks trivial to small amount of changes
but it was subtle The last time we were
here there was a question of as why you could
see the light elements on the pitches of good
lights And thats because you can see the
elements on the pitches of good light if
youre standing where the light is supposed
to be and you cant see it where light is not
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supposed to be And so and yes all your
discussion about -- so I spent an hour on the
phone with the firm who is the town the
towns -- the solicitors for the town of
Ashland reviewed their sunset clauses Its
a Municipal Code And yes the proper
lighting ordinance is in the Municipal Code
Everybody stuffs it in the Zoning where you
run into the grandfathering problem So once
you get out you can do the sunset clauses
you can expire something after ten years
And he showed me the examples on the signs
And so yeah this is all wrong We
shouldnt spend a lot of time on this We
should have just got it over with you know
two years ago but here we are So Im not
exactly -- so just on process you had a long
discussion of process the last time And now
this is gone through the Ordinance Committee
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CDD was there participated Was referred
favorably to the full Council I say its
not the time for a major rewrite And the
trouble I have is that theres major
differences outcomes and a lot about
enforcement and a lot about grandfathering
What I tried to do very -- and we -- its
basically because as Jeff astutely pointed
out is that he used an entirely different
method He refers to the fixture I refer
to the light And he thought it was more
clear to refer to the fixture but once you
do that youre explicitly grandfathering
everything And I was trying to see if we
can if we can sneak by And because this
was supposed to be a quick fix And then
youre supposed to go off and do a real
Municipal Ordinance with real professionals
and a real budget which I dont have
111
The reason why its important and lets
go back public health public safety
Theres the safety of too much light versus
too little light We had expert testimony on
health direct light or we just went over
why the visible and good lights And the
scope and were afraid of this wipe of
enforcement Enforcement one of the things
about enforcement is that if its simple you
can handle more stuff But simplicity I
lets say people dont go down to the
Building Commissioner and ask him to enforce
things They come to community meetings and
theyre really upset and they ask me And
thats how enforcement works in my
neighborhood And its Charles Teague that
goes down to the Building Department
Theres not a lot of enforcement in Zoning
going on And so and it comes through you
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know the neighborhood experts So and then
theres the whole grandfather issue
So there we go Theres the good
light You can -- I took this picture
consciously so that you could see the
lighting elements and then youve got the arm
under the Mount Auburn Hospital and Im on
their property in their driveway and thats
good light And theres the area to be lit
So anyways what were trying to avoid
is legal And we dont want neighbors suing
neighbors but they can They can sue under
the nuisance on their reasonable use and
enjoyment And so the lawyers I talked with
just gone through this in Lincoln They sued
because there was -- the town wouldnt
enforce the one line of the Zoning Ordinance
and they also sued under nuisances There
were other things in the case but its the
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fees in the six figures They started in
2008 They finished their trial this March
in 2013 and he says the decision could take
two years So this is not what we want the
citizens of Cambridge to have to do to get
relief
And so back to grandfathering Granted
if youre replacing light thats fine Its
not grandfathered And the key is the
burden And its its the same Its
basically the same to put up a good light as
a bad light Bulb replacement you know I
dont know sometimes to replace a bulb is
you know in this day and time its just as
hard -- easy to replace the whole fixture if
you have to go up high and bring up a crane
and all that stuff
So but my thesis and we dont know
whether this will work but this was the
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attempt and this was why I defined an
entirely different than the way Jeff defined
it is the light requires predicate acts
You have to switch it on You have to pay
the bill You have to change the bulb
Those are conscious acts that you do
otherwise the light wouldnt be doing bad
things And lastly you know if we actually
go and memorialize that all existing lights
are grandfathered theres a bunch of lights
out there that could have been enforced
They are in violation The trouble were
missing is the explicit definitions and we
could have gone through the appeal process
through the BZA or to Superior Court and we
could have got some resolution So there
still is another path to getting resolution
But going back to the previous slide it
isnt really something you want neighbors to
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be doing
So this is this is a commentary from
Bobrowski who wrote the handbook on land use
And hes talking about the restrictions on
the site the external restrictions And
hes talking about how theres no reported
(inaudible) decisions on the grandfather
section So but hope springs the term But
at this end this was never meant to be such a
process It was supposed to be a quick fix
get in and get out and then hopefully a real
lighting ordinance would happen but I cant
do the real lighting ordinance
So the building -- we sat down with
Councillor van Beuzekom and I sat down with
the Building Commissioner and he says he can
enforce the Teague Petition When they go
and they basically do light enforcement by
asking nicely And the next thing is so you
116
cant see the bulb They have people adjust
the lights so you cant see the bulb which
is basically what I wrote I memorialized
And he didnt really know how many Zoning
violations but its a small number And he
asked CDD to consult the Law Department on
the whole grandfathering thing So thats
supposed to be in process But not with my
not with my legal theory
But anyways on -- he looked at CDD
petition He had a series of -- to my --
because Im the neighborhood enforcer
because people come to me I go down to the
Building Department and so I sort of know how
they work And so I went down with Ranjit
He goes well thats nice but we dont have
staff at night So he didnt like the
illumination definition He goes we dont
staff at night We dont have instruments
117
We dont know how to use them
On pulling a Building Permit he would
say well wed actually have to go down there
and look to see if there were actual bad
lights where now people bring in plans
Which you could require a plan for I dont
know you know putting on your dog house or
something but I dont know when external
plans are required But then he went on in
his very practical concern its a lot of --
on the change of use its not going to get
triggered very often because so often he says
they dont need a Building Permit to change
the use So on the aging out of fixtures
he goes he says theres no way we can know
when that fixture was last gone He didnt
like those ones where this where its
referring to the bulb And then there was a
section which said on the certificate of
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occupancy you would actually have to get
plans And he goes well often times a
homeowner comes down hes going to sell his
house or getting a new insurance policy and
theyll want to give them a Certificate of
Occupancy and this is an onerous expense for
so many So -- and then they have an
existing process So what happens is they
get a complaint in they run over there they
look at the thing and they come back and
they make it and they make their decision
And they send out their letters And either
theyre gonna decide to enforce or not
enforce Either person can appeal within 30
days After 30 days its final his decision
is final The Zoning Ordinance Section 1021
says its a $50 fee Their sheet says $100
Ill have to speak to him about that But I
spoke today its six weeks to get a hearing
119
And we have an experienced guy And Ive
seen you guys spend hours and hours resolving
neighborhood -- you send them in the back
room and they come back out Its even at
one in the morning you guys are working this
stuff out Ive seen them do it for a
garbage shed whether the garbage shed could
have a roof on it or not
Now Ranjit didnt like 722A because
only the BZA could issue a Variance So so
then the Kelly Beady guy came in with some
foot candle things just a whole bunch of
details But thats really thats really
Im under my ten minutes right All set
So my final thing is what I would
suggest I would suggest -- well I suggest
the correct answer is the municipal lighting
and we all know that And thats the way it
should be done So I suggest that As for
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this I think this is a major change Its a
change in how its basic fundamental premise
of how its defined and it has these
implications in enforcement because it
requires because now it requires
instrumentation and people at night and
implications in terms of grandfathering
Grandfathering I dont know maybe weve
got 10 percent or 20 percent shot but under
the other way of defining it its zero It
absolutely nails down every existing light
So I would suggest that that petition -- the
other version is so different I dont think
its -- and were at the end of the process
I dont think it should be substituted If
you guys decide to submit it as a Planning
Board petition that would be okay but I
would not I would not I think theyre just
too fundamentally different creatures
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Thank you
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I find this very interesting because
the -- I know I have problems with the
petition as written and even though Jeffs
efforts were very valiant in trying to
incorporate some of our concerns in it I
think Mr Teague has just shown that new
position still has a lot of problems
associated with it So I think unless we
have a process that comes up with something
that is been thought through and worked out
I think I really have a problem with the
petition as it was (Inaudible)
HUGH RUSSELL That last sentence
confused me I didnt hear it I guess Did
you say that you had a problem with the
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Teague petition or you didnt have a problem
with it
WILLIAM TIBBS I have a problem
with the Teague petition as written and
Jeffs attempts to write different language
which would help solve some of the problems
we all discussed But I think Mr Teague is
just saying that he doesnt feel that the --
he feels that those changes -- actually
changes it enough so that its a very
different thing And even his presentation
shows some of the complexities particularly
as you talk to other city officials with the
CDD version of his petition So its
problematic and I think to me its just very
very clear that its an issue that I think we
all feel its something we should try to
tackle but we should just tackle in a
different way whether its a Planning Board
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petition Council petition or something And
I know the concern that we had earlier was
that you know these things just take a
long long time and was it something that we
could quickly pass and then work on later
But Im not comfortable with that approach
For me I -- Ill let the other board members
speak for themselves
HUGH RUSSELL Im with you on
the -- I would not want to recommend the
Teague petition to the Council And I would
not do any action want -- I wouldnt want to
just avoid the question because then the
Council might feel that if were not
responding to it we wouldnt respond So my
preference is to ask the staff to tweak the
language based on what theyve heard tonight
and forward the revised language to the
Council and to -- with a discussion that says
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that this is the best we can do in the time
available Its a very complicated issue
and that they should you know and then
theyll have to decide do they want to put
something in place now Do they want to
postpone it Do they want to engage in a
process of writing a Municipal Ordinance
And it seems to me those kinds of questions
are the questions that the Council you know
were offering advice as to what we think can
be done within the Zoning Ordinance and were
offering our comments that we were pretty
content with whats proposed but we
understand its not perfect Now --
WILLIAM TIBBS I think you need to
quantify we
HUGH RUSSELL Thats quite right
and Im not sure everybodys there
Also there are other people who would
125
like to speak and I think we ought to hear
them So maybe we should hold our comments
until that happens
So well agree to the three minute
standard for comments
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
TOM SIENIEWICZ Im sorry just one
point Did not Mr Teague say that he would
not support the altered drafting of this
piece of Zoning couldnt support it Was
that what he was indicating he was
withdrawing his petition I had that sense
I dont know
HUGH RUSSELL No I think what
hes saying is we submit our recommendation
to Council he was going to speak against
that recommendation and certainly thats his
right And Council has to decide make that
126
decision I mean -- were not proposing this
as a friendly amendment Were proposing
this as a recommendation from this Board
based on the language we have
CHARLES TEAGUE Just to clarify I
was actually hoping you would recommend the
Teague petition because the last time we were
here because --
HUGH RUSSELL Yes you made that
argument
CHARLES TEAGUE Right
HUGH RUSSELL I understand that
Thank you
So on our list the first person is
Kenneth Taylor of 2 Craigy Street
KENNETH TAYLOR Im Ken Taylor 2
Craigy Street Ive listened to what the
Planning Board has said before Ive heard
public complaints and public interest about
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making changes I see Mr Teagues petition
I understand there are issues related to
that I see the Community Developments
response to your request to comment on that
and improve it My reaction as a layman is
that if you pass -- if you recommend the CD
proposal you risk memorializing
grandfathering the violation of the Zoning
Ordinance which was passed in 1962
Now one question that perhaps Jeff
could explain to me is in the State Code you
quoted Shall lawfully in existence any
condition lawfully in existence
Since 1962 there have been hundreds and
thousands of code violations that have never
been enforced Now does the fact that they
have not been enforced means -- mean that
theyre lawful And does that give them
legitimacy In the case of making Zoning
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changes I know of a condition where an
existing house I was going to buy had a curb
cut for a driveway that was too close to an
intersection of a public street And it was
non-conforming and it was grandfathered until
you made a change And it was non-conforming
until the code was changed The codes never
been changed on this A six-story building
apartment house built in 1940 probably had
incandescent lights to begin with if any at
all And then in 1960 they added more
powerful incandescents In 1970 they added
sodium vapor In 2012 they added HID Now
probably every one of those except the
incandescent was in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance So my question to you is what
permits grandfathering among all these
violations that have existed for that many
years Is it because the City chose not to
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enforce the law Thats a general question
Secondly Im confused about the
recommendation about 723 If I understood
it correctly Jeff you said that you can
delete the paragraph altogether because all
of the Zoning applies to all of the city So
if I understand that theres no special
provision for residential areas and so it
doesnt make any difference I dont
understand why theres this paragraph if
youre going to enforce this Zoning Ordinance
throughout the entire city If that isnt
the case I think you need to at least expand
the language If youre seriously trying to
cover these residential zones you need to
expand the language to cover the edges of
these zones which are impacted by other
districts adjacent to the buildings in other
districts should not be allowed to impact on
130
these residential zones
I think the final question it seems to
me which I believe is related and again I
havent talked to Mr Teague about this is
related to the issue of the whole basis for
the Zoning Ordinance If its based on the
light source rather than the fixture then
theres no reason why you can ask existing
owners either to conform with the new code or
to reduce the wattage in their fixture to the
extent possible to the minimum to bring it in
as close to conformance as possible And
that would mean that a 400-watt HID bulb
could be a 100-watt HID bulb And that would
significantly reduce the problem without
causing an owner to replace the fixture
PAMELA WINTERS Sir your time is
up
KENNETH TAYLOR Excuse me
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PAMELA WINTERS Your time is up
KENNETH TAYLOR Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Theres some
provocative questions there but I think well
just get through some of the comments and
then go there
Second person was Jo M Solet
JO M SOLET Thank you for your
attention Jo M Solet 15 Berkeley Street
I would like to first of all second
what you heard from Mr Taylor I think we
do not want to confer legitimacy on lights
existing lights that are now in violation
And if you doubt that they are there I can
tell you the light about which I spoke to you
at our last meeting I did have the city come
and look at it They told me it was in
violation and they actually and Mr Sean
OGrady told me when I had found all the
132
lights in violation in my neighborhood I
could call him back And I have that in
writing by e-mail So I didnt feel it was
my job to do that but if it will help
Mr Taylor who doesnt live that far away
from me and I will -- well find the
violations and make sure that theyre not
grandfathered for you
I do think there is a backlog of
unconcern about this problem Im also
surprised about the what I see as a hardship
concern about the violators It seems to me
that changing a bulb or adding a hood to an
existing light is not that serious a
hardship And if we discover that there are
folks who have a hardship then maybe we
should be charging for violations and using
the money to help those who have a hardship
come into compliance It could be done
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Because our concern includes health and
safety the grandfathering piece is really a
serious one because it would leave in place
the things that are currently affecting
health and safety and I want to offer a nod
to Mr Russell and to Mr Sieniewicz for
raising the night sky issue and add that in
talking about this city lighting issues with
the Circadian rhythm experts and the sleep
division at Harvard Medical School
Another issue that was raised was that
of wildlife If you doubt that wildlife is
at issue here imagine when you are taking a
neighborhood and basically giving up night
Youre making it light all the time In our
neighborhood on Berkeley Street within the
passed couple of weeks sighted have been a
grey fox turkeys deer raccoons raccoons
during the day by the way because its day
134
all the time and maybe they dont know when
they should be sleeping rabbits moles and
opossums So theyre confused about when
its night and day and thats not good for
us People are confused about it too
Thanks for your time
STEVEN COHEN Mr Chair Im sorry
if I might interrupt for just a moment Both
of the first two speakers made reference to
lighting being in violation And if there is
some sort of a regulation of existing
lighting thats something that Im unaware
of that I havent heard come out
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
So Jeff is it correct that paragraph
723 is part of the Ordinance now
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
Mr Chair and excuse me for not reviewing
my -- my sort of shorthand of Zoning changes
135
So all of the underlying portions are the
changes to the Ordinance page -- on page 3
the portion under 723 line item 723 is not
there but that paragraph underneath it
constitutes the entirety of current Section
720 of the Zoning Ordinance So that is
currently in the Ordinance The petition
proposed to leave it in the Ordinance and --
HUGH RUSSELL And how long has it
been in the Ordinance
JEFF ROBERTS I do not know the
answer to that question
HUGH RUSSELL A long time right
JEFF ROBERTS Its been for
sometime And any -- it was not during the
ten years that Ive been here So the -- so
any lighting that was established since that
time thats found to be in violation and I
think this -- I wont sidetrack But any
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lighting thats known to be in violation or
found to be in violation of that Ordinance
since that time will -- its considered
illegally non-conforming Its not -- it
doesnt have a legal conforming status just
because it was ignored And therefore it --
this the proposed -- whether the under the
proposed text or the modified text the new
Zoning would not confer any special -- new
special status towards lighting that was in
violation at the time that it was installed
HUGH RUSSELL Okay So what were
saying is that outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 Districts since
this was put in the Ordinance which I
believe is quite was probably decades ago
is -- do you know exactly
KENNETH TAYLOR Yes the historian
for Community Development informed my wife
137
that there have been no changes in the
lighting ordinance since it was originally
written So that goes back to the original
text of the Ordinance
H THEODORE COHEN When was that
HUGH RUSSELL I do not believe this
paragraph goes back to 1924
KENNETH TAYLOR No no 1962
HUGH RUSSELL 62 So thats the
date
KENNETH TAYLOR Thats when the
Ordinance was written
HUGH RUSSELL The Ordinance was
written in 1920 --
KENNETH TAYLOR Its a 50-year-old
Ordinance It hasnt been changed since
HUGH RUSSELL Sir the Ordinance
was written in 1924 There were major
revisions in 1943 and 1962 And then since
138
1970 the Ordinance has perhaps quadrupled in
size to the establishment of special
districts The question is when did this
paragraph show up And I believe the answer
that youre trying to tell me 1962 So that
says -- so if you will allow me to finish my
thought here that says that in those
districts that are enumerated a light that
shines a direct light on an adjacent
property is not grandfathered
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
HUGH RUSSELL Now that doesnt
help the people in Residence C-2 Districts
and I believe some of the testimony before us
were people who are in those districts But
so that -- so by this little discussion weve
learned that in you know a substantial
portion of the city someone should be able to
go down today and get enforcement And so
139
therefore it probably is a reason to -- you
may want to make that clearer in the
Ordinance that this standard as we talk
about enforcement and grandfathering that
this was the standard Anything thats in
conformance doesnt have legal non-conforming
status That would I believe that helps
Now Id like to continue with the
hearing and Marjorie Williams of Green Street
do you wish to speak Or is it Marjorie
Wellens (phonetic)
MARILYN WELLENS You mean Marilyn
Wellens
HUGH RUSSELL Do you live at 651
Green Street
MARILYN WELLENS I do
HUGH RUSSELL Im sorry I couldnt
read your writing but I certainly know you
MARILYN WELLENS Yes So my name
140
is Marilyn Wellens and I live at 651 Green
Street We abut a Business B-1 District on
Massachusetts Avenue The building at 1030
Massachusetts Avenue was recently con --
within the last year and a half two years
was converted from office to lab use And
the Zoning Ordinance considers these
equivalent uses I can assure you that they
are not neither for lighting nor for noise
nor for height The reason Im here is that
weve had quite a lesson in this in modern
technology and the way that Cambridge is
going over the last two years So that I
have Im afraid scattered notes in response
to some of the Boards comments and I
havent put them in any particular order so
if you will indulge me I will just sort of
speak out
I would say that the matter is urgent
141
that Mr Teague has brought to the Board and
the Council and the Citys attention The
strain of trying to have quiet enjoyment of
ones property is very difficult And I
would suspect that the places where it is
possible are rapidly diminishing And only
the very very choicest residential districts
of the city will be immune and maybe they --
even they wont if the development thats
planned and on the Boards continuance So
Im concerned about the assumption that there
will be all these frivolous complaints What
weve just heard recently is that the Zoning
Ordinance lacks enforcement ability either
through the technical expertise of staff who
are required or asked to enforce it or they
lack the training they lack the money they
lack the expertise they lack the equipment
So that this -- remedying this is not simply
142
a matter of law its a matter of budget and
its a matter of will and committing to
taking care of the health and safety of the
population of Cambridge And that I
understand is the primary impulse and
justification for the Zoning Ordinance Now
thats why were here and thats why youre
dealing with this And as Doctor Solet has
told you repeatedly that light as well as
noise have major major health consequences
And this is another example of what has been
called the privatization of profit and the
socialization of the costs So that you have
the developers and the users maximizing
lowering their own costs by failing
adequately to protect public health and the
rest of us suffer and its a longer term
problem but if youre concerned about the
educational level of the students in
143
Cambridge I suspect that you will pay close
attention to both light and noise and how
they affect people
And so I was bit concerned with the
assumption that you might have lacks -- and
this may have been my missed hearing that it
might be possible to have laxer standards for
persons living in denser zones or in
commercial zones because I dont see any
reason why anyone living in any of those
zones would be less harmed by the noxious
effect of light than people living in an A
Zone
PAMELA WINTERS If you could wind
down your comments please your time is up
MARILYN WELLENS All right And
so I would again encourage you to act on
this and I would ask that the city develop
the capacity to enforce and develop the will
144
to enforce and I ask the Board to participate
in that
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Thank you
Does anyone else wish to be heard
ROBERT WINTERS Hi my name is
Robert Winters I hadnt planned to come
here I do live in a BA-1 Zone I probably
could claim I have five multiple violations
right now on either side of me but I have no
skin in this game I have no desire to file
complaints or anything but something I was
thinking before -- Hugh Russell actually took
the words right out of my mouth And heres
my thoughts that I heard earlier and just to
say them right now I wonder why must this
matter be a part of the Zoning Ordinance at
all It strikes me that all of the
shortcomings and misgivings and like what
145
about grandfathering this or that could all
be resolved if simply this was made part of a
municipal comprehensive municipal light
ordinance that had nothing to do with Zoning
whatsoever
When I have as I have complaints
about neighbors with rodent infestation you
know you call the rodent people If theres
a problem with improper disposal of rubbish
you call Inspectional Services and Public
Works Nobody worries about whether the
rubbish cans were grandfathered in from an
earlier era when they carried ashes out to
the street You know these are living
documents they can be changed to meet with
the times It seems thats the right way to
go Just generally speaking I think we
burden the Zoning Ordinance with far too
much It shouldnt even have quadrupled in
146
size There are so many things We depend
far too much on the Zoning Ordinance to solve
too many problems I believe shortly well
be getting some recommendations coming as
part of an another Zoning Petition where
theyre going to try to tell us from where we
must buy our electricity for example Why
not go and tell what color shirts our
children should wear or whether they should
speak multiple languages and have that be
part of the Zoning Ordinance So my remedy
is simply this Why not simply recommend to
the City Council that they sever this entire
section out of the Zoning Ordinance and
re-craft it as part of the municipal
ordinance on a comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance period and just take this
completely out There should be no need for
Community Development Department weighing in
147
on lighting standards any more than they
should be weighing in on whether the rats or
the garbage cans are properly laid out
outside So I would put the challenge to the
City Councillors and have the Planning Board
come straight out and say that Since were
throwing this ball into your court make this
the best damn municipal lighting ordinance
you can possibly draft and lets take it
right out of Zoning entirely
HUGH RUSSELL Mr John
JOHN HAWKINSON John Hawkinson 84
Mass Ave I just wanted to make explicit I
think an implicit request I heard in
Charlies presentation and that was to the
extent that you request Community Development
do further work on this That you request
that they caucus with Commissioner
Singanayagam and make sure that their
148
recommendations are consistent with his
understanding of enforceability or if not
that theres text explaining how not or why
not
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Does anyone else wish
to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Im just going to
comment on a previous comment and one --
there were several farther back which is if
we are stuck with what the Commissioner of
Buildings thinks he can do with present
staff and the present work rules that may not
be sufficient to protect the population And
so its important to know -- to get Ranjits
take on it because hes you know hes a
very dedicated public servant but at the
same time you know do you have to go beyond
149
that Maybe thats the point
So now we get to the point of trying to
see if we can -- do we have a consensus on
what we would recommend to the Council or do
we have -- I have a feeling were not quite
at a consensus and I dont think were going
to get there But Id be happy to get some
advice from my colleagues
H THEODORE COHEN Im happy to
start I think -- well I think as I
expressed at the last hearing that the
Teague Petition is fundamentally flawed and
overbroad And I had a lot of concerns about
it particularly about you know how you
determine whether theres a violation and
what one does to enforce it And a
grandfathering is a very significant issue in
Zoning I have a litigated cases about it
Ive litigated cases about light and how they
150
fall under Zoning and I could not personally
recommend the Teague Petition as originally
drafted I think that what staff has done
addressed a lot of my concerns and I still
think its overbroad in a lot of areas I
still think that it does not address the
issue fully and certainly doesnt address
the grandfathering issue which I dont think
Zoning can If the rest of the Board felt
comfortable with the Teague with the
revision by CDD I think I could go along
with a recommendation to the City Council
that this was in some sense a stopgap measure
that still had a lot of questions and still
needed to be worked upon and that City
Council ought to hire an expert and probably
the best thing was to have either just a
municipal ordinance or a municipal ordinance
and some waiting reference into the Zoning
151
Ordinance But I do think that this is an
issue you know that needs more thought by
people who are really expert in the field to
determine exactly what will address future
issues and probably more importantly what
can address existing issues that we want to
address and how it does not unreasonably
impact upon the small property owners the
small home owners who are -- Im worried are
all going to be in non-conformance under
this and also what is the best way to
enforce things And you know obviously the
Building Department you know has a limited
budget And you know its going to be up
to the City Council and the City Manager to
decide you know what is the really
important issues that the city is facing and
what they are going to budget for And if
they feel that dealing with this light issue
152
is a primary concern then they may have to
hire more people to deal with enforcement
If they think its less of an important
concern then you know other building
issues then they will appropriately staff
things And so thats where I come out on
this that I personally could not support
recommending the Teague Petition as
originally presented to the City Council with
a lot of reservations I could go along with
a recommendation of what CDD has revised and
subject to further revisions in accordance
with our discussion tonight
AHMED NUR Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Ill be really fast I
do concur everything that Ted just said I
am not also in favor of the proposal and in
favor of recommending to City Council It
153
really needs careful study with experts
When it comes to lighting noise music I
have two daughters that share one room and
the two of them are the opposites One wants
the light off one wants the light on One
wants the music down and so it -- its not
something simple that we can just sit here
and say yay or nay on this
PAMELA WINTERS I agree with my
colleagues I really dont feel comfortable
about voting for the Teague Petition as
drafted I really agree particularly with
what Ted had to say and also Robert Winters
I thought made -- and we are not related I
just want to throw that in
WILLIAM TIBBS I was going to ask
that question
PAMELA WINTERS No we are not
related but I do -- I liked your suggestion
154
of making -- turning this into a municipal
ordinance similar to sound or you know
whatever rather than a Zoning Ordinance And
I think thats about all I had to say So
that was quick
Go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Generally I concur
with all that was said I have two
observations First of all something that
Charlie said really struck me during his
presentation and that is that he conceived
of this as a quick fix As a stopgap in
measuring -- acknowledging that this isnt
really the ideal way to address the problem
That the right way to address it is for the
city to hire an appropriate expert personnel
and to you know put some time and real work
into this and come up with an appropriate
well engineered municipal ordinance Well I
155
guess we all agree that thats the right way
to go The notion of using the Zoning Code
as a quick fix as a stopgap measure sort of
procedurally doesnt seem like the right way
to use Zoning And once adopted it takes on
a life of its own and what if it ends up
being in conflict with what the experts come
up with later It doesnt seem like the
right approach I agree that the approach --
I agree with what has been said by
Mr Winters and the other members here The
way to go is to call upon the City Council to
address this head on in the appropriate and
expert way
My second observation though is Im
blown away to discover that theres already a
provision in the Code which in essence hasnt
been enforced So gosh we can write all
sorts of Zoning Ordinances here Whats the
156
difference what we write if the existing
regulations arent being enforced You know
so it seems to me before we start reinventing
the wheel and making the wheel even fancier
than it already is lets figure out how to
enforce the existing regulation And
actually as written as I look at it it
aint bad It doesnt have all the technical
requirements and references to foot candles
and luminance and so forth but the
principles that it espouse is right on And
frankly if I were to recommend anything as a
short-term stopgap measure well maybe just
make that same provision applicable to other
Zoning Districts as well Boy thats a real
quick fix You know the recommendation
would you know encompass maybe one or two
sentences and you know then you know
lets focus on enforcement and that would be
157
sufficient to hold the fort for a while the
City Council you know addresses this matter
in a more appropriate and professional
manner
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I would
like to agree wholeheartedly with what Steve
just said As much as I -- it really pains
me to think of going into a multi-year or
even multi-month study on this I do think
its the right thing to do I think that
this needs to be done through general
municipal ordinance and that requires time
And I do think that we need to use the tools
that are at our disposal to give some
immediate relief And I would really want to
stress that in the City Council that if that
means appropriating additional funds for
Inspectional Services or whatever it means
that there needs to be some recourse for
158
people to get some relief now while the study
is going on And that you know its the
fact that we havent been able to enforce it
previously does not excuse continuing to do
so while we study a way to do it later
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say I
disagree with -- I agree with what you both
have said
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think what were
discovering in Zoning is a pretty blunt
instrument and these are some pretty fine
issues that are -- that were trying to
figure out how we can control But
nonetheless in my experience almost 20 years
now working pretty intensely with this Code
there are ways in which government works
pretty well the Zoning Board and the Planning
Board I might add and the Zoning Code to
some degree helps to a large degree helps
159
with the way that this community runs And I
really appreciate Steve pointing out the fact
that the Code already has an Ordinance in
there
That not withstanding I believe the
rightful place for at least some components
of this lighting control is within the Zoning
Code Its a physical environments It
relates to the building and it relates to
building science And so youre right the
modified petition is not perfect We have
more suggestions tonight about how to make it
a little better I think it adds adds meat
to the Zoning Code which can be enforced both
with the Building Department and through the
other mechanisms that I referenced here And
so Im generally in favor of sending it up to
the City Council with the recommendations
that came with the first speaker to consider
160
the municipal ordinance to have enforcement
to deal with the issue of grandfathering and
hire an expert to get the actual metrics of
drafting correctly
HUGH RUSSELL So often at this
time we turn to the Stuart and Brian and Jeff
and say okay you got it
JEFF ROBERTS This is one where I
may want to go over some of what was said and
see if thats what is -- what the way things
are intended to go
So is it the -- maybe this is a
question I shouldnt be asking but is it the
Boards consensus -- it seems pretty clear
that the recommendation should include the
recommendation to initiate a process of
developing a more comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance as part of the municipal
code engaging the help of an experienced
161
professional to develop something that has
to help advise on the technical details So
thats that is certainly something that
would be included
In terms of the recommendation on the
Zoning Petition the Board would recommend
the Zoning language the modified Zoning
language that was proposed I know that I
think in the last set of comments there were
maybe different views on what exactly would
be -- would exactly would or should be
included in the text the Zoning text
modifications that are recommended to the
Board Whether it be the fuller set of
changes that was that was sent to the Board
or whether it be a smaller set of changes
only affecting the existing Zoning existing
paragraph of Zoning text
HUGH RUSSELL So I would -- what I
162
heard from my colleagues is that that
Council can consider three different
strategies for an interim regulation that
would be in place to try to help out the way
things are
One is the Teague Petition which we do
not support
The second is the language that youve
drafted and with some modifications based on
our discussion tonight And theres no real
enthusiasm for that because we feel that
primary recommendation of getting municipal
ordinance is the right ultimate solution
If the Council felt they wanted to act
now we would feel -- most of us that
enacting the language was a temporary measure
that might be effective in some cases and
probably wouldnt cause great harm
The third suggestion came from my
163
colleague Mr Cohen which was a very simple
thing to take the 720 regulation and make
it apply citywide as a temporary measure I
think the problem that Council would have to
address in taking that stance is its not
being -- its not being enforced now Is it
not being enforced because it is
unenforceable or is it for some other reason
And that could be a discussion that could be
held between the City Manager and his various
departments and staff about you know if
they were to say well rely on this as a
temporary measure how can we get better
enforcement as to what this actually says
particularly if it were extended to be
citywide
So thats kind of what I heard and I
elaborated a little bit on Steves proposal
In some ways I like Steves proposal the
164
best
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes I do too
JEFF ROBERTS If I could
Mr Chair I mean I think this is a
discussion that maybe came up if you all
remember way back in the original Teague
Petition when the discussion really was
around what is this what is the issue with
the existing Zoning language and what does it
do and what does it not do And we found
that there really were some limitations in
the text and I think that Mr Teague had
really started this process by pointing out
what some of those limitations are
One being that the district only
applies in certain districts which through
enforcement has been taken to -- or at least
cause confusion when theres two adjoining
districts where a business district or a
165
higher density residential district abuts a
lower density residential district and its
not clear what that language is meant to
mean And that could be at the most minor
basic level that could be clarified to say
that any to make sure that its clear that
the effect on any residential property in
those districts is something that should be
enforced for or should be where the Zoning
should be applied and should be -- and
anything should be -- anything that affects
those properties should be reviewed in
compliance Or another step up would be to
as was suggested maybe make it just a
citywide provision which may have certain
impacts on commercial districts and
commercial properties that might not be in
the same level of conformance
HUGH RUSSELL Might be citywide to
166
falling on citywide residential property
H THEODORE COHEN I Jeff the
point you just raised is a concern I have
and you know it may be its a good idea to
amend 723 to make it citywide But Im
wondering if its in the scope of what the
Teague Petition was and what was advertised
because it certainly you know it may be
that it applies to so many other people in
commercial and industrial districts who may
not have come to our hearing or to you know
the Ordinance Committee because they were not
concerned about what they saw as applying
only in residential districts So you know
I think thats something that staff and maybe
the City Solicitors office would have to
review to see whether making such a change
would be within the scope of the petition
And if not then maybe you know we ought to
167
bring -- come back with a very short you
know Planning Board amendment to do that
you know publish it and notify it and let
the citywide have an opportunity to comment
on it And you know coming out of that
maybe what you suggested is that its not
citywide then only you know the impact on
any residential district or any residential
property
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I just want to be very clear that I am
not comfortable with the CDC language as a
stopgap So I just want to make that very
clear
STEVEN COHEN Im just wondering if
a consensus of any sort is reached on the
Board maybe the way to go on this is to
actually start from scratch You know work
on some sort of modification of the existing
168
Section the 723 re-advertise it to make
sure that theres no issues there and ask
the CDD to propose a modification of that
paragraph only this time its an actual
proposal on your part And eventually
perhaps get to the point where its the
Planning Board proposing a Zoning
modification to the City Council which you
know might carry some some extra weight
with the understanding that it is still
something of a stopgap Because maybe that
the appropriate procedure is still to hire
experts and not making our own guesses about
technical matters but you know actually
doing an appropriate study But again I
think the language there is pretty good
And you know with some study on your part
Jeff I think maybe we could arrive someplace
that you know you serve as a pretty good
169
stopgap you know pending adoption of a
full-fledged municipal ordinance
HUGH RUSSELL Speaking against that
notion I would hope that in the 13 days
between now and the City Council midsummer
meeting a cliff notes version of that could
be accomplished I think the Teague Petition
intention was to be effective citywide and
so I think you can probably address Teds
concern of -- because it -- whats under
consideration is a citywide effect Its a
technical legal question and has to be
addressed by the Solicitor but I think
theres some hope that could actually -- and
I think the Council would like to put
something on the books now and rather than
something that we know is going to be interim
or informal So I you know its like I
think part of our difficulty is going to be
170
municipal calendar because as far as I know
-- maybe I can ask Councillor van Beuzekom
are any of the committees of the Council
going to be meeting between now and the
midsummer meeting
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM There
could be a special meeting but theres
nothing planned right now
HUGH RUSSELL Right Okay
So its within the possibility that
this could be advanced somewhere on the
Council level We dont have to come up with
the answer that they can adopt Thats
helpful
STEVEN COHEN The procedure aside
for a moment what about the notion of asking
CDD based on the discussions weve had here
asking CDD to propose a modification of that
provision
171
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I think thats
a productive thing to do
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Say that
again
HUGH RUSSELL And the question is
should we then not forward the language that
Jeff has proposed to us I mean in some
sense its out there in the blogosphere but
if our judgment is that we want a temporary
expedient we want it to be simple then
maybe we should just say draft up the simple
cliff notes version that alters that
paragraph in ways that give it the most --
make it the most effective paragraph that we
can
STEVEN COHEN And I think on a
parallel path not within our power that the
City Council might well call upon the City
Manager to report on the question of
172
enforcement of the existing provision So
you know we understand what the limitations
of enforcement are here And if there are
limitations and there may very well be then
we have to deal with that kind of reality
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I mean I think
there must be limitations because you know
its not city policy to ignore complaints and
not the citizens But they havent been able
to do it So theres something there
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS So I could just make
a suggestion or maybe its more of an offer
that we could within the recommendations --
so as long as the Board has reached some
sense some consensus and some clarity as to
what the substance of what the proposed
change would be to the existing language
that can be drafted and submitted along with
173
the recommendation to the Council We can
also include the Board can include in the
recommendation that the Law Department the
City Solicitor be consulted as long as its
within the scope of the original petition
If its been -- we would confer with the Law
Department on that as well If its
determined that that is okay it could --
that could be moved forward on If not it
could be the Planning Board could opt to
submit that as its own petition to the
Council It would restart the hearing
process but it would it could immediately
be put into the queue And if filed before
if my (inaudible) calendar is correct if
filed pretty much at the beginning of the
fall could still be acted upon by the end of
the Council term
H THEODORE COHEN Can I ask a
174
question
Jeff do you know you know in recent
buildings and commercial and industrial
districts are there outdoor floodlights
JEFF ROBERTS There usually are
If theres a parking facility theres often
you know lighting Exactly what the form of
the lighting is not something that I look at
in great scrutiny in my day-to-day work but
anything with an outdoor parking facility
outdoor walkways equipment entrances well
have well have lighting I think that by
modern standards and you know Ive gone
around looking at different -- as weve been
talking about this as looking at different
buildings and properties around the city to
see what kind of lighting they have and using
the standard can you see the fixtures or can
you see the bulb and you know is anything
175
reflecting is there a -- I think that as you
advance from older structures to newer
structures you find that the lighting starts
to look more like what I think this proposal
intends it to look like But you still do
have those instances where an owner of an
existing building for one reason or another
wants to have better lighting on the parking
lot and they install the most expedient
fixture which is that thats offensive to
neighbors
H THEODORE COHEN Well Im
personally uncomfortable with just doing just
a quick fix and saying lets make 723
applicable citywide without our having heard
anything whatsoever from any commercial or
industrial property owners one way or the
other about that And you know were
trying to avoid grandfathering things but if
176
suddenly were grandfathering parking lots
all over Kendall Square and you know in
lots of other areas of the city maybe thats
the answer but Im uncomfortable doing it
without having a hearing on it thats going
to address that issue So I dont know that
I think that the quick fix to just say make
723 applicable throughout the city is
something that I would support
HUGH RUSSELL So Im looking at
what I believe is the Teague Petition Its
addressed to the honorable City Council and
it says Petition And so I -- looking at
that it seems to me there is language in it
that talks about off-street parking
facilities abutting or facing residential
premises shall not fall under the scope of
the Teague Petition and use his regulatory
language So thats already out there in the
177
proposal
The 723 --
H THEODORE COHEN But still that
language is still referring to only Residence
A B C and C-1 Districts
HUGH RUSSELL I dont believe so
I believe theres another section that refers
to -- so Im looking at this one which I
think is broader And that might be the
limit to which we can go under the Teague --
by implementing Teague
STEVEN COHEN Im sorry isnt the
Teague Petition citywide Am I missing
something
H THEODORE COHEN No because it
was only amended certain -- as I read it it
was only amended certain provisions of the
Zoning Ordinance and adding some additional
language
178
STEVEN COHEN So your read is that
the petition applies only to what
HUGH RUSSELL The parts of the
petition apply to A B C and C-1 Districts
as I read it
STEVEN COHEN Really
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
JEFF ROBERTS Well I believe and
Im looking at it right now and kind of
starting at the beginning and I hope we dont
have different versions of this but the
proposal is to insert -- the main proposal is
on a page which begins Amend the Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Cambridge by doing
the following Insert the following text
after Section 7230 elimination etcetera
And then down at the bottom of the page it
says 722 lighting restrictions for the
City of Cambridge No direct light shall be
179
allowed on any abutting property on any
property abutting an abutting property on
any property across the street from those
properties and on any properties within 300
feet of luminaire and on any street a
property shall explicitly include any
buildings on said property and prohibiting
any direct light from entering the window or
any other openings The luminaire intended
to light a street is allowed to light said
street
H THEODORE COHEN Right I agree
with that But then that does not change --
I mean that just says you cant have light
on abutting property Its you still have
the language in 723 which again talks about
you know no outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 So if were
going to say lets make 723 applicable
180
citywide--
JO M SOLET Can you use the mic
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
If youre saying we cant use 723
applicable citywide then suddenly youre
saying in any non-residential district you
cant have outdoor floodlighting which you
now indicated it probably does exist I
mean this is the problem with you know
trying to you know make a quick fix
amendment to Zoning at the you know the
eleventh hour and trying to come up with
something that we havent really previously
discussed that people havent testified on
one way or the other and maybe thats maybe
thats where we should end up Im just
very very uncomfortable doing it right now
and recommending to City Council that this is
what we think you should do as a quick fix
181
STEVEN COHEN But well Ted --
actually my reaction to what youre saying is
the most shocking part is that at this late
moment on the verge of taking a vote that
were actually not even clear whether the
Petition that weve been talking about for
these last two meetings apply citywide or
only to those residential districts
H THEODORE COHEN Well I think
some things proposed do apply citywide but
some provisions were not being -- did not
apply citywide were not being amended
HUGH RUSSELL I -- some of the
language wasnt being amended but the
structure of the Teague Petition is to say
is to focus on light being cast from fixtures
and it says you cant -- a light cant fall
on somebody elses property citywide
Now 723 talks about a device that
182
accomplishes that or fails to accomplish
that But I think in Teague and if you
will Roberts its still citywide And so
I you know some -- the fact that they --
theyre talking about a light falling on
somebody elses property whether -- I dont
think its any different whether it comes
from a floodlight or a wall pack or not
Its -- thats what was advertised Any
commercial property owner had an opportunity
to read this language and say gee I can no
longer throw light on somebody elses
property And as it happens nobody came and
said that was a problem
H THEODORE COHEN I dont disagree
with that but I dont know that just simply
saying if you make 723 citywide youre not
changing other things And that is why I
suggested --
183
HUGH RUSSELL This is an
architectlawyer discussion
H THEODORE COHEN Right Its an
architectlawyer discussion and I --
HUGH RUSSELL Im thinking an
architect weve got to be able to accomplish
the principle Here the lawyer is saying we
have to actually make the words right I
dont disagree with you
H THEODORE COHEN Correct
STEVEN COHEN And where I agree
with what Ted is saying and the reason I
would send it back to CDD is you know for
us to make a quick judgment here yeah I
said earlier hey all it takes is a sentence
or two Well thats easy for me to say I
would like staff to take a closer look at it
and then sort of work through the
ramifications and then you know whether
184
theyre unintended consequences and so forth
and then come back to us with some sort of a
recommendation But thats the drafting and
the professional who are planning the issue
Youre raising the legal issue of whether
certain interests have received adequate
notice under the law of a change that will
affect them And while I disagree with your
interpretation I think it does apply
citywide I also see that because of Section
723 its at very least ambiguous on what the
Ordinance discovers So Im respectful of
the concern that you raised And as we
talked about it amongst ourselves we werent
clear among ourselves whether this you know
Petition was applicable citywide or only to
these residential districts
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY
Mr Chair
185
STEVEN COHEN So if were not
clear I mean you know what does that say
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I think
that practical implication of both Ted and
Steves comments given that we wont be
meeting again until after the City Council
meeting is that if were going to see
another round of markups from CDD and have a
chance to discuss them then we are not
proposing a specific change to the Zoning
Ordinance for the summer meeting We are not
endorsing the Teague Petition and were
saying that there isnt a quick fix that can
be enacted this summer There may be a quick
fix that can be enacted before the end of
this Council and that we would continue to
try to do But that the long-term goal would
be a citywide lighting ordinance and any
quick fix we are going to propose is language
186
that we still need to work on and theyll be
seeing in the fall
HUGH RUSSELL So do people agree
with that It sounds pretty good to me
H THEODORE COHEN I do
HUGH RUSSELL The only caveat that
I would make is that Council might say hey
were going to ask the Law Department to do
that quick fix in the next two weeks
WILLIAM TIBBS Well thats their
issue
HUGH RUSSELL And if they can
accomplish that they might be able to
accomplish that We cannot
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL Thats the important
part
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL If were going to do
187
it we have to do what she said
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
HUGH RUSSELL So I think we almost
reached -- Ahmed
AHMED NUR We did We did
I also would add that maybe we should
change the language to -- from grandfathering
to grandmothering because lights lights are
actually controlled better laid in the house
Im only kidding
WILLIAM TIBBS Did you get the last
comment I think
JEFF ROBERTS Okay so to recap
the recommendation -- I wont go back over
what you said but the recommendation is what
was just stated regarding -- including the
municipal -- recommendation by the municipal
ordinance advising that you know that the
concerns with the Teague Petition as written
188
the complications with proposing a quick fix
at this point and to and so I guess the
question is is the Planning Board decision
then not to recommend any specific Zoning
text changes to the Council but rather to
suggest that the Planning Board continue to
work on that issue and submit text changes
for the fall term the fall session of the
Council
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
AHMED NUR That sounds good
HUGH RUSSELL I think that except I
would put the work as conditional If the
Council wants us to work on that well put
that on our agenda early in the fall because
they can because they may --
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY They
may preempt us
HUGH RUSSELL They may find a quick
189
fix They may enact Teague All of that is
within their power
Were saying what we can do and we
cant fix it now
STEVEN COHEN And for 50 years of
non-enforcement of the existing provisions I
dont think its the end of the world to wait
a few extra months to do this in a careful
thoughtful
JO M SOLET Can they enforce
whats in place now at least
H THEODORE COHEN Yes
JO M SOLET Do you recommend that
STEVEN COHEN Yes
HUGH RUSSELL We dont generally --
KENNETH TAYLOR Can you make a
recommendation
JO M SOLET Including your
recommendation that there is a law thats not
190
being enforced and while were rewriting it
we would at least like attention to that
HUGH RUSSELL I think we can --
might comment that the Board is unable to
understand why paragraph 720 does not
apparently -- is not able to be enforced
KENNETH TAYLOR Not being enforced
HUGH RUSSELL Thats a statement
which could provide some relief in some
cases it does not seem to be able to be
enforced in -- thats part of the reason we
cant act to fix it because we dont know
whats wrong with it
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Thats
right
STEVEN COHEN But Jo were not
going away
JO M SOLET Im not either I
dont want it to be immortal before I see
191
this
HUGH RUSSELL So I believe we are
now adjourned
JOHN HAWKINSON Councillor van
Beuzekom has her hand up
HUGH RUSSELL Oh Councillor
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM I have one
thing to clarify
HUGH RUSSELL Sure we would be
happy to hear it
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Because I
dont want to by myself to be the sole
conveyor of all the incredible back and forth
between all you guys and between the people
that came to speak So what I dont know is
how much of this draft memo is going to be
shared with the Council Because aside from
what you said this is not out in the
blogosphere People dont really know about
192
this But the -- I think what needs to be
conveyed to the Council is what you dont
like about the Teague Petition So we didnt
really hear that Its kind of in this memo
but you didnt really talk about it You
went straight to CDD making recommendations
that are not going to be forwarded to the
Council But Im hoping that there can be a
write-up in the memo that accompanies the
decision explaining exactly what about the
Teague Petition doesnt work Because it is
citywide and thats what the CDD proposed
There was an attempt to figure out how to
make it more enforceable and Ranjit thought
I can enforce it this way I cant really
enforce it because its too vague the way the
720 is currently written So I think that
would be really valuable to send that
information to the Council
193
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think Mr Chair
at the first hearing we discussed in detail
what specifically were the Boards objections
to the Teague Petition so theres a record
of that in the transcript
HUGH RUSSELL Right And also the
Roberts draft is actually a response to those
points So you can pull out of the draft
what what were the pieces that were being
fixed and why why we felt the need to be
fixed And we can --
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM So it
wont be --
HUGH RUSSELL It wont we wont
give you the Roberts draft but well tell
you whats wrong with Teague because we owe
you that one at least in our opinion
Okay now were adjourned
(Whereupon at 1030 pm the
194
Planning Board Adjourned)
195
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197
C E R T I F I C A T E
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS BRISTOL SS
I Catherine Lawson Zelinski a Certified Shorthand Reporter the undersigned Notary Public certify that
I am not related to any of the parties in this matter by blood or marriage and that I am in no way interested in the outcome of this matter
I further certify that the testimony hereinbefore set forth is a true and accurate transcription of my stenographic notes to the best of my knowledge skill and ability
IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of September 2013
Catherine L Zelinski Notary Public Certified Shorthand Reporter License No 147703
My Commission Expires April 23 2015
THE FOREGOING CERTIFICATION OF THIS TRANSCRIPT DOES NOT APPLY TO ANY REPRODUCTION OF THE SAME BY ANY MEANS UNLESS UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL ANDOR DIRECTION OF THE CERTIFYING REPORTER
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beyond [2] - 724 2218 17817 buildings [11] - 2217 8117 842 874 Center [1] - 15 14819 boundary [1] - 278 286 5518 5519 1026 11912 certain [8] - 5513
bicycle [2] - 155 boy [2] - 8911 839 9716 10211 candles [4] - 6118 976 9919 16416 156 15615 12918 1743 852 8518 1569 16515 17716
bidding [1] - 1711 break [2] - 283 4710 17416 1797 cannot [2] - 4018 17717 1846 big [1] - 10518 break-in [1] - 283 Buildings [1] - 14813 18614 certainly [12] - 2718 Bill [1] - 3310 BRIAN [1] - 5015 built [4] - 128 1213 cans [3] - 302 2719 3017 4416 bill [1] - 1145 Brian [3] - 113 23 1410 1289 14512 1473 471 5218 6618
bit [9] - 549 5712 1606 bulb [14] - 843 849 cantilever [1] - 221 12518 13918
5714 6711 8611 bricks [1] - 172 8419 11312 cantilevered [1] - 1507 1613 1668
9117 9418 1434 16318
briefly [2] - 5210 1083
11313 1145 1161 1162
3114 capacity [1] - 14319
certificate [1] -11719
black [2] - 2316 8619
bright [2] - 666 7615
11718 13013 13014 13213
CAPTURING [1] -118
Certificate [1] - 1185 CERTIFICATION [1] -
blend [1] - 10212 blinding [1] - 1027 block [3] - 4814 8715 8716
blogosphere [2] -1718 19119
brighter [1] - 664 brightest [1] - 666 brightness [1] - 8414 bring [16] - 1112 2619 722 921 934 953 969
17419 bulbs [1] - 873 bunch [2] - 11410 11912
bundled [2] - 1035 1036
care [2] - 421 1423 careful [3] - 762 1531 1898
carefully [3] - 7619 775 7915
carried [1] - 14513
19717 Certified [2] - 1974 19714
certify [2] - 1975 1978
CERTIFYING [1] -
blood [1] - 1976 9717 9816 994 burden [3] - 6110 carries [1] - 446 19719
blown [1] - 15516 blunt [1] - 15810
10316 1042 11316 1175
11310 14518 burns [1] - 9714
carry [1] - 1689 cars [1] - 10119
chair [14] - 162 2215 399 4019
Board [46] - 24 48 13011 1671 bus [2] - 158 159 case [13] - 56 57 4916 528 8914
52 54 513 814 BRISTOL [1] - 1973 business [6] - 112 119 2415 273 8918 1256 1347
91 919 118 broad [1] - 966 136 137 1312 4719 5517 634 13418 1644
4917 506 508 broader [1] - 1779 1411 16419 646 647 11219 18419 1931
5212 532 5314 6716 6918
broadly [1] - 545 Brookline [2] - 124
BUSINESS [1] - 22 Business [1] - 1402
12719 12913 Cases [1] - 24
Chair [4] - 17 18 474 476
10512 10514 133 button [1] - 6511 cases [7] - 53 55 challenge [1] - 1474
1061 12017 brother [1] - 3515 buttoning [1] - 727 512 14918 chance [2] - 649
12219 1263 12618 1411
brought [12] - 158 2914 3814 3819
buy [2] - 1282 1467 BY [1] - 19718
14919 16217 19010
1859 change [30] - 4612
1441 1475 1509 5119 5616 5713 by-law [1] - 5411 cast [1] - 18116 5413 5414 5417 15817 15818 1616 16114
6217 923 9513 961 1411
BZA [2] - 11415 11910
casting [2] - 8418 8419
565 5614 609 652 813 826
16115 1672 bucks [1] - 467 CATHERINE [11] - 8210 8214 932 16717 1687 17215 1732 17310 1883 1886 1904 1941 19512 1964 19616
BOARD [2] - 12 1961
board [3] - 7916 908 1237
Boards [9] - 2512 5216 5219 5810 612 14015 14110 16014 1933
boards [1] - 1111 Bobrowski [1] - 1153 books [1] - 16916 Boothe [1] - 116 borrow [1] - 4910 borrowed [2] - 5710 5711
bothersome [1] - 426
budget [4] - 11019 1421 15114 15118
build [2] - 173 10211
building [31] - 1211 167 179 2413 2813 2818 3116 3418 361 4013 4114 5613 5614 5615 827 942 943 9414 9716 988 989 9811 10313 10315 11514 1288 1403 1524 1599 15910 1757
Building [13] - 206 896 8910 9214 983 11112 11117 11516 11614 1172 11713 15113
C
C-1 [5] - 62 13614 1775 1784 17918
C-2 [3] - 638 13813 C1 [1] - 633 calendar [2] - 1701 17315
CAMBRIDGE [1] - 12 Cambridge [25] - 16 214 31 33 47 89 138 3711 4112 4516 556 6911 6913 7719 7816 1021 10319 1045 1046 1135 14012 1424 1431 17814 17819
candle [12] - 6118 6515 662 6610
71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
Catherine [4] - 111 44 1974 19713
caucus [1] - 14718 caught [1] - 1087 causing [1] - 13016 caveat [1] - 1866 CAZ [1] - 1962 CD [1] - 1276 CDC [1] - 16712 CDD [14] - 529 1101 1166 11610 12214 15011 15211 1683 17017 17018 18313 1858 1926 19212
CE [1] - 10416
9315 943 1014 1145 11711 11713 1201 1202 1286 16617 17218 17913 1847 18510 1877 1964
CHANGE [6] - 1969 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614
changed [4] - 1287 1288 13716 14515
changes [22] - 816 1711 332 579 7915 8016 921 924 10812 1229 12210 1271 1281 13419 1352 1371 16115 16116
1885 1887 17814 17819 1552 15517 8315 1026 651 8311 8813 19512 19617 18018 1856 15815 15818 comfortable [6] - 8817 10311
changing [7] - 755 Citys [3] - 592 1593 1598 7616 9616 1236 10316 1189 7511 8210 988 6518 1412 15914 15010 15310 complaints [1] -10516 13213 citywide [26] - 628 code [5] - 9914 16712 8312 18218 635 1633 16316 12715 1287 coming [2] - 1464 complaint-driven [2]
Chapter [2] - 548 16515 16519 1309 16019 1675 - 641 8813 696 1661 1665 1674 codes [1] - 1287 comment [16] - 4510 complaints [9] -
characterize [3] - 1677 1698 coffee [1] - 242 494 5810 6117 7611 834 1042 3710 726 981 16911 17515 Cohen [5] - 18 110 6217 6414 754 12619 14112
charging [1] - 13217 17713 1801 43 44 1631 7618 907 10210 14412 1456 CHARLES [4] - 1081 1805 1817 COHEN [59] - 76 87 1274 14810 1728
1085 1265 18110 18112 913 101 1018 1674 18712 complete [1] - 10718 12611 18118 1823 185 3217 459 1904 completed [1] - 1956
Charles [3] - 213 18217 18410 5016 712 7214 commentary [1] - COMPLETED [1] -1086 11116 18416 18518 739 7315 7318 1152 19517
Charlie [1] - 15410 19212 7417 8717 885 commented [1] - completely [2] - 375 Charlies [1] - 14715 Citywide [1] - 15 8912 9019 9219 8114 14618 children [1] - 1469 claim [1] - 1449 938 9313 9417 comments [18] - complexities [1] -
choice [1] - 4219 clarification [3] - 957 9512 963 5115 5216 5219 12212
choicest [1] - 1417 387 3812 3815 9818 1017 1065 882 9018 10014 complexity [1] - 887
chop [1] - 485 clarified [2] - 866 1347 1375 1499 10016 10310 compliance [8] - 954
chose [1] - 12819 1655 1547 1662 10719 12412 9511 9513 9610
CHRIS [4] - 3513 clarify [5] - 569 16715 17015 1252 1255 1315 9817 995 13219
3517 3610 3614 5613 6010 1265 17116 17211 14015 14315 16513
Chris [1] - 3514 1918 17319 17512 1619 1855 complicated [1] -
Christmas [1] - 8710 clarifying [2] - 657 1773 17712 commercial [10] - 1242
Chronicle [1] - 89 1066 17715 1781 3412 3414 997 complications [1] -
church [1] - 103 clarity [2] - 579 1786 17912 1439 16516 1881
Circadian [1] - 1339 17216 1803 1811 1819 16517 16610 complies [1] - 746
circumstances [1] -463
cities [1] - 629 citizens [2] - 1135 1729
CITY [1] - 12 city [20] - 397 5815 7718 8118 10117 1059 12213 1296 12912 13116 1338 13818 1418 14318 15117 15416 1728 17416 1763 1768
City [41] - 113 23 214 31 33 414 5511 5816 592 716 7918 8111 1013 1021 10413 12819 14613 1475 15012 15015 15115 1529 15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 16310 16616 1688 1695 17118 1734 17612
clauses [2] - 1095 10910
clear [17] - 494 515 586 727 7215 7410 8812 11012 12216 16014 1653 1656 16711 16714 1815 18415 1852
clearer [2] - 5312 1392
clearly [2] - 389 922 clerical [1] - 6115 clients [1] - 1057 cliff [2] - 1696 17112
clock [1] - 1086 close [8] - 2018 2418 2614 424 481 1283 13012 1431
closely [2] - 244 1071
closer [4] - 615 2812 677 18317
clothing [1] - 77 Code [16] - 694 6914 701 8314 924 962 1096 1097 12711
18215 1833 18310 18311 1851 1865 1895 18912 18914 19016
coincidence [1] -2310
colleague [1] - 1631 colleagues [8] - 612 102 391 4714 902 1498 15310 1621
COLLING [47] - 1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
Colling [1] - 1115 color [1] - 1468
1743 17516 18210
Commission [1] -19716
Commissioner [7] -896 8911 983 11112 11516 14718 14812
Committee [2] -10919 16612
committees [1] -1703
committing [1] -1422
common [1] - 188 COMMONWEALTH [1] - 1972
community [3] - 161 11113 1591
Community [9] - 113 115 23 1273 13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
comparing [1] - 5715 compel [2] - 561 565
complain [1] - 7517 complaining [1] -836
complaint [8] - 641
compliment [1] -7619
comply [2] - 9416 952
components [1] -1596
comprehensive [3] -1453 14616 16017
compromise [1] -4615
con [1] - 1404 conceived [1] -15411
concept [2] - 3718 404
concern [22] - 2615 2717 4415 465 4716 595 635 739 7312 7318 7815 7818 966 11710 1232 13212 1331 1521 1524 1663 16910 18413
concerned [19] - 397 4718 591 763 765 7718 7719 795 8019 824 825 831 838 8313 8611
combination [2] -
4
14111 14218 1434 16613
concerns [13] - 268 418 4418 451 497 5012 769 9615 9619 1219 14913 1504 18719
concur [7] - 4019 4117 423 8918 901 15217 1547
condenser [8] -4416 4510 4511 4514 4515 4517 466 4618
condition [6] - 314 401 453 789 12713 1281
conditional [1] -18813
conditioner [1] - 454 conditioning [4] -309 316 417 425
conditions [2] - 918 507
condoized [1] - 1810 confer [3] - 13112 1369 1736
confident [1] - 9616 confines [1] - 812 confirm [1] - 3819 confirmed [1] - 311 confirming [1] - 4016 conflict [1] - 1557 conform [5] - 6510 7119 737 9815 1309
conformance [11] -5616 607 611 612 617 962 9718 13012 1396 15110 16518
conforming [27] -1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 603 7017 7110 7910 816 922 9218 9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1365 1396
conformities [2] -333 9116
conformity [10] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 935 973 978 979 992
confused [4] -12118 1292 1343 1345
confusing [1] - 8215 confusion [3] - 631 10715 16418
congratulate [1] -4115
Connolly [2] - 111 45
CONNOLLY [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
conscious [1] - 1146 consciously [1] -1125
consensus [5] -1493 1496 16014 16716 17216
consequences [3] -5812 14210 1841
consider [5] - 993 10114 1031 15919 1622
consideration [4] -6312 6519 10413 16911
considerations [1] -5315
considered [3] -1031 1073 1363
considers [1] - 1407 consistent [3] - 626 868 1481
constitutes [2] - 826 1355
constructed [1] - 211 construction [8] -915 917 109 1011 1012 136 291 829
constructive [1] -510
consult [1] - 1166 consultant [1] - 8116 consulted [2] - 409 1734
contact [1] - 382 content [1] - 12413 context [2] - 1055 10516
continuance [1] -14110
continue [7] - 1814 322 324 5513 1398 18516
1886 Continued [2] - 219 219
continues [1] - 632 continuing [2] - 153 1584
continuous [5] - 734 1069 10614 1073 1074
CONTROL [1] -19719
control [4] - 3713 7813 15813 1597
controlled [1] - 1879 conventional [1] -504
conversation [2] -323 901
conversations [2] -5010 982
Conversion [1] - 28 conversion [2] - 195 1919
convert [4] - 27 1315 1415 4919
converted [2] - 3314 1406
conveyed [1] - 1922 conveyor [1] - 19113 convince [1] - 10315 copy [1] - 1956 core [2] - 6318 8018 corner [3] - 63 133 177
correct [14] - 1619 182 1819 1916 211 236 253 3316 11917 13415 13417 13811 17315 18310
correction [1] - 1965 corrections [2] -19512 19617
correctly [5] - 794 9914 1023 1294 1604
cost [1] - 467 costs [3] - 9816 14213 14215
Council [50] - 412 414 526 688 716 7918 1102 1231 12311 12314 12319 1249 12517 12519 1412 14613 1494 15012 15016 15115 1529
15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 1622 16214 1634 1688 1695 16915 1703 17012 17118 1731 17312 17318 17612 18018 1856 18516 1867 1885 1889 18814 19117 1922 1928 19219
COUNCILLOR [5] -1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
Councillor [3] -11515 1702 1916
councillor [1] - 1914 Councillors [1] -1475
counter [1] - 4316 country [1] - 7816 couple [6] - 411 2411 3518 7716 9818 13317
course [1] - 9713 Court [1] - 11415 court [1] - 1477 cover [3] - 484 12915 12916
covered [3] - 1717 4714 545
covers [2] - 1011 576
craft [1] - 14615 Craigy [2] - 12615 12617
crane [1] - 11316 create [5] - 214 32 286 5311 809
creates [1] - 7314 creating [3] - 303 804 856
creatures [1] - 12019 credit [1] - 7817 criticism [1] - 511 critique [3] - 10719 1082 1084
crossed [1] - 10617 crushed [1] - 289 curb [1] - 1282 curious [1] - 841 current [2] - 818 1355
cut [2] - 10410 1283 cyclists [1] - 10118
D
dally [1] - 479 damage [1] - 2616 damn [1] - 1478 dark [2] - 2216 1043 Dash [1] - 116 DATE [1] - 1961 date [3] - 911 13710 1966
daughters [1] - 1533 day-to-day [1] - 1749 days [4] - 285 11815 1694
deal [6] - 6815 7110 803 1522 1602 1725
dealing [5] - 7912 809 1008 1428 15119
decades [1] - 13616 deceased [1] - 135 December [1] - 912 decibel [1] - 461 decide [6] - 525 11813 12016 1244 12519 15116
decision [6] - 1133 11811 11815 1261 1883 19210
decisions [1] - 1157 deck [7] - 149 2611 301 347 348 3411 357
decker [2] - 1216 1217
decorative [1] - 1079 dedicated [2] - 3319 14818
deemed [2] - 766 1004
deer [1] - 13318 defer [1] - 917 define [1] - 4017 defined [4] - 217 1141 1142 1203
defining [2] - 3815 12010
definitely [1] - 4715 definition [4] - 7710 8212 944 11618
definitions [4] - 214 576 735 11413
degree [2] - 15819 delay [1] - 406 delete [2] - 10714 1295
deleted [1] - 6315
5
delivered [4] - 1953 1957 1958 19510
demand [1] - 9812 demarcate [1] - 3116 demolition [1] - 2819 demonstrate [1] -10514
demonstrated [1] -6113
dense [1] - 3719 denser [1] - 1438 density [2] - 1651 1652
Department [13] -718 10416 11117 1166 11614 14619 15113 15915 1733 1737 1868 1954 1959
departments [1] -16311
describe [1] - 186 described [3] - 6017 801 894
Design [2] - 216 1116
design [1] - 4115 desire [2] - 94 14411
desired [2] - 9710 9719
despite [2] - 1089 detail [2] - 645 1932 details [5] - 403 408 5013 11913 1612
detectors [1] - 10612 deteriorated [1] -1516
deterioration [1] -177
determination [1] -752
determine [4] - 8312 8411 14915 1514
determined [3] - 211 2712 1738
develop [4] - 2913 14318 14319 1611
developed [2] - 2911 3113
developers [1] -14214
developing [1] -16017
Development [8] -113 115 23
13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
development [2] -703 1419
Developments [1] -1273
deviate [1] - 5317 device [1] - 18119 diagram [2] - 786 791
dialogue [1] - 2514 diameter [1] - 1049 diametric [1] - 4013 difference [4] - 4513 469 1299 1561
differences [1] -1105
different [26] - 2415 2416 5419 552 624 625 6916 7018 8412 9015 9410 9411 1109 1142 12013 12019 1225 12211 12219 16110 1622 17414 17415 17811 1827
differently [2] - 197 392
difficult [4] - 5910 5913 6517 1414
difficulty [1] - 16919 dilly [1] - 478 dimensional [2] -816 505
dimensionally [2] -331 504
diminished [1] -1048
diminishing [1] -1416
direct [6] - 736 1069 1115 1389 17819 1798
DIRECT [1] - 19719 Direct [1] - 215 direction [2] - 865 8919
DIRECTION [1] -19719
directions [1] - 3912 directly [2] - 244 6015
directness [1] - 579 disagree [4] - 1587 18215 1839 1848
discomfort [1] - 756 discover [2] - 13215
15516 discovering [1] -15810
discovers [1] - 18412 discretionary [1] -5313
discuss [4] - 3215 3917 4010 1859
discussed [4] - 507 1227 18014 1932
discusses [1] - 707 discussion [13] -5019 5112 1092 10918 12319 13816 15213 16210 1639 1645 1647 1832 1834
discussions [3] -416 10711 17017
disposal [2] - 1459 15714
distance [4] - 1512 455 457 4512
distinction [2] - 996 9911
distribution [3] -1610 1611 1968
District [5] - 817 818 1314 505 1402
district [6] - 16415 16419 1651 1652 1678 1806
Districts [6] - 34 13614 13813 15615 1775 1784
districts [20] - 625 6212 6213 633 637 12918 12919 1383 1388 13815 1417 16416 16419 1658 16516 16610 16614 1744 1818 18417
divide [2] - 198 226 division [1] - 13310 DO [1] - 1965 Doctor [1] - 1428 document [1] - 574 documents [1] -14515
DOES [1] - 19718 dog [1] - 1177 done [15] - 264 2913 436 448
4413 522 7018 886 919 11919 12411 13219 1503 15711
door [4] - 1712 2114 442 6615
doubt [2] - 13114 13312
down [21] - 173 176 2218 485 566 669 8518 865 11111 11117 11514 11515 11613 11615 1173 1183 12011 13819 14315 1536 17817
downwards [1] - 895 draft [9] - 5213 5214 5217 1479 17111 19116 1937 1938 19315
drafted [5] - 7915 1503 15312 1629 17219
drafting [3] - 12510 1604 1843
drawing [2] - 217 3013
drawings [1] - 917 drink [1] - 3417 drive [1] - 761 driven [2] - 641 8813
driveway [10] - 94 95 145 146 1413 1715 8612 8617 1128 1283
driveways [1] -10611
duration [1] - 1012 during [6] - 9712 9713 1063 13319 13515 15410
Dwelling [1] - 210 dwelling [3] - 210 1310 503
dynamics [1] - 10116
easy [3] - 672 11315 18316
echo [1] - 902 edges [1] - 12916 Edmunds [1] - 1087 educational [1] -14219
effect [7] - 152 287 782 1064 14312 1657 16911
effective [4] - 7813 16217 1698 17114
efforts [2] - 918 1218
egress [1] - 149 eight [7] - 111 4217 475 4814 4818 494
either [9] - 495 615 11812 11814 1309 14114 14410 15017 19018
elaborated [1] -16318
Electrical [1] - 9215 electricity [1] - 1467 elements [3] - 10815 10817 1126
eleventh [1] - 18012 elimination [1] -17816
emphasis [1] - 773 empire [1] - 129 empty [1] - 518 enable [1] - 546 enabling [1] - 685 Enabling [1] - 719 enact [1] - 1891 enacted [2] - 18514 18515
enacting [1] - 16216 enactment [1] - 1051 enclave [1] - 2614 encompass [1] -15617
encompassing [1] -9210
encourage [4] - 613 712 4617 14317
end [10] - 97 629 7118 7713 1159 12014 17317 18016 18515 1897
endorsing [1] -18512
ends [1] - 1556 enforce [21] - 5910 7011 1071
E
e-mail [2] - 1014 1323
early [1] - 18815 easel [1] - 1112 easier [1] - 6711 easily [1] - 498 east [2] - 2016 4813
6
11112 11217 1109 1142 7217 19210 222 4112 10313 11517 11813 14710 except [3] - 12814 explanations [1] - fancier [1] - 1564 11814 1291 entirety [1] - 1355 18812 19616 905 far [4] - 1325 14518 12911 14116 entitled [1] - 7714 exceptions [4] - 589 explicit [2] - 11413 1462 1701 14319 1441 entrance [1] - 3116 5812 9212 14713 fast [1] - 15216 14916 15112 entrances [1] - 10710 explicitly [2] - 11013 favor [5] - 511 514 1566 1583 17411 excuse [3] - 13019 1796 15218 15219 18910 19215 entry [1] - 1717 13418 1584 expressed [2] - 464 15917 19216 enumerated [1] - exempt [1] - 1068 14911 favorably [1] - 1102
enforceability [1] - 1388 exercise [1] - 906 extend [1] - 277 fee [1] - 11817 1482 environment [3] - exist [1] - 1808 extended [1] - 16315 feedback [1] - 678
enforceable [1] - 381 10213 1033 existed [1] - 12818 extension [4] - 910 fees [1] - 1131 19214 environmental [1] - existence [5] - 5412 2113 5415 5416 feet [9] - 192 1912
enforced [15] - 6015 7815 5717 1002 extensive [2] - 109 4217 4317 4319 6916 11411 environments [1] - 12712 12713 5811 4818 744 7510 12716 12717 1598 existing [45] - 27 extent [7] - 553 1795 15518 1562 equipment [2] - 172 175 1710 5919 9019 9112 fell [1] - 95 15914 1636 14118 17411 184 1812 2018 9315 13011 fellow [3] - 464 1637 1659 1901 equivalent [2] - 855 222 3315 369 14716 4917 7916 1906 1907 1408 3610 3815 544 exterior [4] - 2617 felt [3] - 1509 19011 era [1] - 14513 561 566 5611 3010 948 10511 16214 19310
enforcement [33] - Errata [4] - 1952 6218 7012 7110 external [2] - 1155 few [3] - 467 915 5313 5912 5914 1955 19513 7114 806 953 1178 1898 6317 641 644 1967 956 973 977 extra [2] - 1689 field [1] - 1513 6411 7018 759 ERRATA [3] - 1951 9814 1149 1188 1898 figure [4] - 627 832 8813 9115 19517 1963 12011 1282 extremely [2] - 4518 1565 15813 9319 985 1106 errata [1] - 1966 1308 13113 466 19213 1118 1119 espouse [1] - 15611 13214 13411 eye [1] - 667 figures [1] - 1131 11115 11118 essence [1] - 15517 1516 1561 1566 file [2] - 6419 14411 11518 1204 13819 1394
essentially [4] -5817 929 9317
16117 1649 16719 1721
F filed [2] - 17314 17316
14114 1522 15619 1601 16314 16417 1721 1723 1896
enforcer [1] - 11612 enforcing [2] - 586 888
engage [1] - 1246 engaging [1] - 16019 engineered [1] -15419
engineers [2] -10211 10810
enhancement [1] -1519
enjoy [1] - 784 enjoyment [2] -11214 1413
enlargement [2] -9412 9414
enlarging [1] - 957 enormous [1] - 4512 enter [1] - 148 entering [2] - 10613 1798
enthusiasm [1] -16211
9918 established [2] - 696 13517
establishment [1] -1382
estate [1] - 74 et [1] - 213 etcetera [5] - 2610 1069 17816
evening [3] - 46 121 2314
eventually [2] - 6812 1685
everywhere [1] -9613
evidence [1] - 616 exacerbated [1] -333
exactly [8] - 813 10917 13617 1514 16110 16111 1747 19210
examine [1] - 6911 example [4] - 6912 10214 14211 1467
17218 1757 1896
expand [2] - 12913 12916
expanding [1] - 1041 expansiveness [1] -9516
expedient [2] -17110 1759
expense [1] - 1186 experience [4] - 386 7014 912 15814
experienced [2] -1191 16019
expert [8] - 6818 914 1114 15016 1513 15416 15514 1603
expertise [4] - 10416 10418 14115 14118
experts [7] - 10414 10811 1121 1339 1531 1557 16813
expiration [1] - 911 expire [1] - 10911
facade [3] - 63 488 4812
facilitate [1] - 601 facilities [1] - 17616 Facilities [1] - 216 facility [2] - 1746 17410
facing [4] - 1111 1026 15117 17616
fact [10] - 568 604 766 792 8115 8216 12716 1583 1592 1824
factors [1] - 582 failing [1] - 14215 fails [1] - 1821 fairly [1] - 3016 fall [8] - 1501 17317 17617 18117 1862 1888 18815
falling [2] - 1661 1825
falls [1] - 944 familiar [1] - 241
filled [2] - 69 713 final [5] - 9912 11815 11816 11915 1302
findings [1] - 506 fine [5] - 2515 6713 10417 1138 15811
finish [1] - 1386 finished [1] - 1132 firm [1] - 1093 firs [1] - 3518 first [23] - 48 2310 248 283 5018 576 6818 693 714 7116 799 8114 8818 908 9118 10216 10219 12614 13110 1349 1549 15919 1932
firsthand [1] - 7010 five [1] - 1449 fix [18] - 615 11016 11510 15412 1553 15616
entire [3] - 1012 examples [3] - 6919 Expires [1] - 19716 families [1] - 9910 17514 1767 12912 14613 7010 10912 explain [1] - 12711 family [7] - 122 18010 18019
entirely [4] - 2817 exceed [2] - 723 explaining [2] - 1483 1317 1416 1518 18513 18515
7
8 18519 1869 1739 15816 657 6717 7313 hearing [15] - 118 1881 1891 1894 forwarded [1] - 1927 grain [1] - 10417 814 8219 881 5114 5218 5315 19012 four [1] - 1039 grandfather [2] - 913 981 9912 683 8114 1011
fixed [2] - 19310 fourth [1] - 1056 1122 1157 10013 1075 11819 1399 19311 fox [1] - 13318 grandfathered [6] - 12118 1551 1436 14911
fixing [1] - 6812 framework [2] - 554 1139 11410 1882 16611 17312 fixture [17] - 793 5514 1285 1328 guesses [1] - 16813 1765 1932 827 8211 8213 8616 921 923
frankly [3] - 4510 4612 15612
13810 14512 grandfathering [19] -
guy [2] - 1191 11911
hearings [1] - 5714 HEARINGS [1] - 26
926 933 11010 free [1] - 662 9611 1099 1106 guys [4] - 1192 hedge [8] - 2418 11012 11315 11716 1307
friendly [1] - 1262 frivolous [6] - 7611
11013 1137 1167 1207 1208
1195 12016 19114
276 2918 429 4315 448 4818
13010 13016 17510
834 835 837 14112
1278 12817 1332 1394 1451 H
495 hedges [1] - 414
fixtures [8] - 567 FROM [1] - 1613 14917 1508 hedging [1] - 4212 602 603 6014 10516 11714 17418 18116
flashing [2] - 10118 1074
flawed [1] - 14912 fledged [1] - 1692 floodlight [1] - 1828 floodlighting [3] -13613 17917 1807
floodlights [1] - 1744 floor [4] - 211 63 283 851
focus [3] - 2910 15619 18116
folks [3] - 397 496 13216
follow [1] - 10011 Following [1] - 219 following [4] - 214 5213 17815
foot [22] - 126 1715 199 2113 4810 4814 495 6118 6514 6515 6610 723 7217 749 842 852 855 8517 1025 11912 1569
footprint [1] - 2817 FOR [1] - 12 foregoing [1] - 19616 FOREGOING [1] -19717
form [2] - 5217 1747
former [1] - 7014 fort [1] - 1571 forth [5] - 1028 15610 1841 19113 1979
forward [10] - 3819 4119 4913 5516 6410 6413 807 12318 1716
front [4] - 146 1711 3519 8613
full [2] - 1102 1692 full-fledged [1] -1692
fuller [1] - 16114 fully [2] - 543 1507 functional [1] - 9715 fundamental [1] -1202
fundamentally [2] -12019 14912
funds [1] - 15717 future [2] - 8010 1514
G
game [1] - 14411 garage [2] - 1212 148
garbage [4] - 302 1197 1473
gate [1] - 8618 gee [1] - 18211 GENERAL [2] - 12 22
general [8] - 539 558 642 7716 8919 915 1291 15711
General [2] - 218 802
generally [6] - 862 971 14517 1547 15917 18915
gesturing [1] - 787 given [2] - 2413 1855
glare [1] - 216 glasses [1] - 516 goal [1] - 18517 gonna [1] - 11813 gosh [1] - 15518 government [1] -
1602 17519 1761 1877
grandmothering [1] -1878
granted [3] - 814 445 1137
grates [1] - 284 Great [1] - 4312 great [18] - 49 3013 3018 329 336 338 339 4111 4216 4419 516 713 714 816 919 16218 1749
greater [2] - 210 553
green [1] - 1216 Green [3] - 1399 13915 1401
Greg [1] - 1115 GREGORY [47] -1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
grey [1] - 13318 grocery [1] - 1511 gross [2] - 211 1911 ground [4] - 63 383 788 864
grow [1] - 4217 grows [1] - 10117 guess [18] - 1019 2411 2815 3311
half [13] - 127 128 1219 139 458 6118 662 6610 723 7217 7518 8116 1405
hand [2] - 1915 19711
handbook [1] - 1153 handle [1] - 11110 hands [1] - 593 hands) [1] - 512 happy [5] - 4416 451 1497 1499 19110
hard [3] - 477 844 11315
hardship [4] - 13211 13215 13216 13218
harm [1] - 16218 harmed [1] - 14311 Harvard [1] - 13310 HAWKINSON [2] -14712 1914
Hawkinson [1] -14712
head [4] - 168 10119 1022 15513
health [7] - 1112 1115 1331 1335 1423 14210 14216
hear [8] - 3016 3017 402 675 12118 1251 19110 1924
heard [14] - 55 5017 6814 12317 12618 13111 13413 14113 1445 14415 14714 1621 16317 17515
HEARING [1] - 12
height [5] - 414 429 4212 4215 14010
held [2] - 5718 16310
help [8] - 8116 1226 1324 13218 13813 16019 1612 1624
helpful [1] - 17014 helps [3] - 1397 15819
hereby [1] - 19617 hereinbefore [1] -1979
hereunto [1] - 19711 hi [1] - 1110 Hi [1] - 1446 HID [3] - 12813 13013 13014
high [5] - 279 6119 629 667 11316
higher [1] - 1651 highlight [1] - 7817 hire [6] - 10414 15016 1522 15416 1603 16812
historian [1] - 13618 historical [1] - 1043 hit [1] - 8018 hold [4] - 8513 1051 1252 1571
home [1] - 1519 homeowner [1] -1183
honorable [1] -17612
hood [1] - 13213 hope [4] - 1158 1694 16914 17810
hopefully [2] - 8818 11511
hoping [4] - 1414
9 679 1266 1928 1835 1863 1866 10310 1111 indulge [1] - 14017 494 1977
horizontally [1] - 863 18612 18616 14816 15117 indulgence [2] - interesting [3] - 785 Hospital [1] - 1127 18619 1873 1523 18616 2513 3119 9110 1215 hot [1] - 1033 18812 18819 importantly [1] - industrial [3] - interests [1] - 1846
Hotel [2] - 89 812 18915 1903 1515 16610 1743 interfere [1] - 3914
hour [3] - 116 1092 1908 1912 1916 impossible [1] - 17517 interim [2] - 1623 18012 1919 1936 10314 inexpensive [1] - 16917
hours [2] - 1192 house [37] - 127
19314 Hugh [8] - 17 42
improper [1] - 1459 improve [1] - 1275
4218 infestation [1] - 1457
interpretation [1] -1849
128 129 1219 139 1310 222 244 2419 2518 269 2617 3017
3118 8011 8319 1212 14413 15214
Hughs [1] - 751
improved [2] - 335 4910
improvement [1] -8017
informal [1] - 16918 information [1] -19219
informed [1] - 13619
interpreted [1] - 9119 interrupt [1] - 1348 interrupted [1] -6712
376 414 437 hundreds [1] - 12714 improving [1] - 2919 initial [2] - 5317 intersection [1] -4315 4318 458 husband [1] - 135 impulse [1] - 1425 8215 1284 4719 489 4810 4816 742 743 I
IN [1] - 19711 inaudible [3] - 1077
initiate [1] - 16016 insert [2] - 17812
invisible [1] - 1716 involve [1] - 933
8612 9419 953 1157 17315 17815 involved [1] - 248 968 1059 10510 10511 1177 1184 1282 1289 1879
houses [1] - 481 hue [1] - 4215 hues [2] - 4216 4217
huge [1] - 10517 HUGH [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693 1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831
idea [6] - 517 2613 338 355 4211 1664
ideal [1] - 15414 ignore [1] - 1728 ignored [1] - 1366 illegally [1] - 1364 illuminance [8] - 581 582 848 8417 851 8515 8517 862
illuminating [1] -1024
illumination [3] -598 7715 11618
Illumination [1] - 33 illustrating [1] - 887 imagine [1] - 13313 imagining [1] - 856 immediate [2] - 5011 15715
immediately [2] -7114 17313
immortal [1] - 19019 immune [1] - 1418 impact [7] - 1514 984 1032 10518 12919 1518 1677
impacted [1] - 12917 impacts [1] - 16516 implementing [1] -17711
implication [1] -1854
implications [2] -1204 1207
implicit [1] - 14714 imply [1] - 632 important [12] -3618 371 396 434 437 9111
inaudible) [2] - 202 484
Inaudible) [2] - 2311 12116
INC [1] - 117 incandescent [2] -12810 12815
incandescents [1] -12812
inches [1] - 1048 inclined [1] - 916 include [6] - 363 364 16015 1732 1796
included [9] - 577 589 596 5918 7914 10618 1614 16112
includes [1] - 1331 including [3] - 9115 18716 18918
income [1] - 1813 incorporate [1] -1219
increase [1] - 592 increasingly [1] -7815
incredible [1] -19113
indeed [1] - 718 Index [1] - 36 indicate [1] - 19512 indicated [2] - 914 1808
indicating [1] -12512
Indirect [1] - 215 indirect [3] - 32 34 734
individual [3] - 654 756 7511
indoor [3] - 596 599 10213
Inspectional [4] -941 9812 14510 15718
Inspector [1] - 206 install [3] - 9215 1759
installed [2] - 562 13611
installer [2] - 6110 6113
installing [2] - 8815 10218
instance [4] - 588 5814 5818 987
instances [2] - 5510 1756
instead [1] - 653 INSTRUCTIONS [3] -1951 19511 1964
instructions [1] -1968
instrument [2] -1046 15811
instrumentation [1] -1206
instruments [1] -11619
insurance [2] - 75 1184
intend [1] - 2916 intended [3] - 722 16011 1799
intends [2] - 6416 1755
intensely [1] - 15815 intensity [1] - 858 intent [2] - 539 7413 intention [1] - 1698 interaction [1] - 382 interest [3] - 3014 413 12619
interested [3] - 2412
inward [1] - 272 issue [32] - 2918 307 4210 5313 541 545 715 773 777 7815 7818 881 1122 11910 12216 1242 1305 1337 13311 13313 14917 1507 1508 1512 15119 1602 1648 1766 1844 1845 18611 1887
issues [11] - 6412 8018 872 1272 1338 1515 1516 15117 1525 15812 1682
item [5] - 48 51 5111 648 1353
iteration [1] - 312 itself [6] - 364 3616 5215 6012 19514 1966
J
jail [1] - 8717 jam [1] - 417 Jeff [25] - 5116 521 529 6712 711 713 7618 797 904 906 9019 10015 10017 10112 1066 1108 1142 12710 1294 13415 1606 1662 16818 1717 1742
JEFF [31] - 528
6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514 9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
Jeffs [2] - 1217 1225
Jo [3] - 1317 1319 19016
JO [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
job [7] - 516 6812 713 714 887 1012 1324
John [2] - 14711 14712
JOHN [2] - 14712 1914
judgment [2] - 1719 18314
July [3] - 13 415 55
jurisdiction [1] - 461 justification [1] -1426
kinds [2] - 9919 1248
kitchen [2] - 4316 4815
knowledge [5] - 319 349 7418 912 19710
known [1] - 1361
L
lab [1] - 1406 lack [4] - 14117 14118
lacks [2] - 14114 1435
ladder [2] - 4318 442
laid [3] - 946 1473 1879
Lamp [1] - 215 lamp [1] - 5910 lamps [1] - 1022 land [1] - 1153 landscape [2] - 2913 4412
landscaping [1] -5013
language [35] - 2816 5516 5517 609 726 7313 765 7914 1015 10115 1225 12317 12318 1264 12914 12916 1617 1618 1628 16216 1649 1653 16712 16816 1716 17218 17614 17619 1774 17719 17916 18114 18211 18519 1877
languages [1] -14610
large [2] - 3016 15819
largely [1] - 5317 larger [1] - 1616 largest [1] - 1043 last [18] - 510 98 4412 5314 715 772 10813 10918 11716 12117 1267 13116 1405 14013 14911 1619 1817 18711
lastly [1] - 1148 late [1] - 1813 law [8] - 5411 559 774 9919 1291 1421 1847 18919
Law [5] - 717 1166 1733 1736 1868
lawful [1] - 12718 lawfully [4] - 5412 12712 12713
laws [3] - 546 548 698
Lawson [1] - 1974 lawyer [1] - 1837 lawyers [1] - 11214 laxer [1] - 1437 layman [1] - 1275 laymens [1] - 845 learned [1] - 13817 lease [2] - 3615 3815
leases [7] - 361 369 3610 4017 4613 4616
least [10] - 666 9318 1042 12913 1596 16417 18411 18911 1902 19317
leave [3] - 9217 1333 1358
leaving [1] - 10613 left [6] - 1210 1217 6116 6311 8213
legal [11] - 151 154 563 6819 922 11211 1169 1365 1396 16912 1845
legitimacy [2] -12719 13112
legitimate [1] - 7516 Lesley [2] - 104 108 less [5] - 1818 192 5312 14311 1523
lesson [1] - 14011 letters [1] - 11812 level [9] - 4517 462 662 7419 753 14219 1655 16518 17012
Li [5] - 134 136 2713 439 4418
Lianne [6] - 212 1118 2718 288 308 499
Liannes [1] - 259 license [1] - 828
License [1] - 19715 life [2] - 9713 1556 Light [2] - 215 215 light [82] - 3115 5113 5611 604 6011 6019 616 663 6614 704 707 7113 736 743 7519 7615 781 7813 7818 8211 8213 849 8413 8414 8416 8417 8419 856 858 8513 8517 8814 893 1025 10219 10414 10516 1072 1073 1074 10815 10817 10818 10819 11011 1113 1114 1115 1124 1129 1138 11311 11312 1143 1147 11518 12011 1307 13115 13214 13315 1388 1389 1429 1432 14312 1453 14919 15119 1535 17819 1798 17910 17914 18116 18117 1825 18212
Lighting [2] - 32 34 lighting [73] - 3111 3113 395 398 3910 3913 5012 544 561 562 566 5611 5615 5815 592 596 599 659 687 703 7016 793 846 8615 8616 898 914 9216 951 953 961 9610 9711 9712 9718 9813 9814 995 10215 10515 1067 10610 1079 10811 1097 1126 11512 11513 11917 1338 13410 13412 13517 1361 13610 1372 1409 14617 1471 1478 1532 1597
16018 1747 1748 17412 17417 1753 1758 17818 18518
lights [22] - 217 3114 3911 8710 10116 10119 10212 1032 1035 10410 10816 1116 1149 11410 1162 1175 12810 13112 13113 1321 1878
limit [1] - 17710 limitations [5] -16411 16414 1722 1724 1727
Limitations [1] - 218 limited [2] - 1002 15113
limits [1] - 1018 Lincoln [1] - 11215 LINE [1] - 1969 line [13] - 1010 2111 2419 261 271 277 455 4610 482 724 745 11217 1353
list [5] - 49 1014 639 10710 12614
listen [2] - 9013 9016
listened [2] - 771 12617
lit [2] - 8117 1129 literally [1] - 296 litigated [2] - 14918 14919
live [4] - 1325 13914 1401 1448
lives [1] - 2311 living [8] - 615 1814 3719 424 1438 14310 14312 14514
Liza [6] - 115 514 617 71 87 1113
LIZA [17] - 414 54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
located [1] - 1044 location [4] - 61 4415 4514 7512
K
Kaya [2] - 89 812 keep [3] - 5316 668 978
Kelly [1] - 11911 Ken [1] - 12616 Kendall [1] - 1762 Kenneth [1] - 12615 KENNETH [9] -12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
key [2] - 4513 1139 KeyWord [1] - 36 kidding [1] - 18710 kids [1] - 77 kind [17] - 286 3012 311 4212 594 651 6511 8413 852 891 9211 1027 16317 1725 17417 1789 1924
10
locations [2] - 1510 1023 15717 15718 2717 308 10318 modified [4] - 5517 671 map [1] - 157 MEANS [1] - 19718 1076 1368 15911
long-term [1] - 18517 March [1] - 1132 meant [6] - 568 Merrimack [1] - 1116 1617 look [22] - 513 103 MARILYN [4] - 5613 631 974 meter [2] - 8511 modify [2] - 33 532 242 2417 298 13912 13916 1159 1653 8514 moles [1] - 1342 305 3714 496 13919 14316 measure [9] - 8414 method [1] - 11010 moment [5] - 509 6213 663 6912 Marilyn [2] - 13912 8510 8511 metrics [1] - 1603 533 1348 17016 6918 815 10619 1401 15013 1553 mic [1] - 1802 1814 1174 11810 Marjorie [2] - 1399 15613 16216 microphone [2] - money [2] - 13218 13117 1567 13910 1633 16313 674 677 14117 1748 1754 1755 mark [1] - 492 measured [2] - 852 midsummer [3] - month [2] - 406 18317 Mark [6] - 2311 863 413 1695 1705 1579
looked [4] - 59 196 2315 4310 4415 measurement [1] - might [39] - 272 months [3] - 411 6919 11610 472 4718 874 293 294 295 915 1898
looking [13] - 5712 MARK [15] - 2314 measuring [1] - 297 4218 447 mood [1] - 393 5715 646 779 258 2519 263 15413 4413 482 4814 morning [2] - 242 7713 788 1061 266 279 2714 meat [1] - 15913 5718 606 7114 1195 17414 17415 2814 305 315 mechanical [1] - 499 782 966 993 mortar [1] - 172 17610 17613 3110 3117 329 mechanicals [3] - 996 1007 1032 most [14] - 77 246 1778 1789 491 493 388 389 3810 10317 1052 3710 4713 597
looks [6] - 105 Marks [1] - 451 mechanism [3] - 10512 10518 7711 9110 9111 2016 253 306 market [1] - 1022 6916 823 8813 1063 1079 16215 1654 761 10812 marks [3] - 254 mechanisms [2] - 12314 1348 17113 17114
lots [1] - 189 19514 1966 819 15916 1435 1437 1759 1813 loud [1] - 4511 markups [1] - 1858 Medical [1] - 13310 15818 16217 mostly [1] - 5210 low [1] - 6210 marriage [1] - 1976 meet [1] - 14515 16517 16519 motion [8] - 4913 lower [2] - 6617 masonry [1] - 178 Meeting [1] - 25 1689 17118 4918 5014 5019 1652 Mass [2] - 701 meeting [14] - 47 1779 1867 511 10117
lowering [1] - 14215 14713 413 415 418 18613 1904 10611 1072 lowest [1] - 662 MASSACHUSETTS 2914 6710 mile [1] - 7518 Mount [1] - 1127 Luminaire [1] - 215 [1] - 1972 13116 1696 mind [4] - 4118 mouth [1] - 14414 luminaire [3] - 664 Massachusetts [6] - 1704 1705 1707 7215 835 10617 move [4] - 3011 1795 1799 15 16 1117 1856 1857 mine [1] - 259 4119 6410 676
luminance [6] - 847 1045 1403 1404 18511 minimal [1] - 746 moved [4] - 106 848 8411 8415 match [1] - 1713 meetings [2] - 11113 minimally [1] - 1514 138 5015 1739 855 15610 material [4] - 289 1817 minimum [4] - 211 movement [1] - 272
lux [2] - 8511 8514 1034 1035 1036 materials [2] - 2716
meets [3] - 1913 732
1818 665 13011 minor [2] - 796
moving [1] - 4511 multi [4] - 999
M 415 matter [11] - 102
MEMBER [2] - 1613 673
1654 minute [3] - 111
10313 1578 1579
magic [1] - 116 magnitudes [1] -10411
mail [2] - 1014 1323 main [1] - 17812 maintain [3] - 5610 9516 973
maintenance [1] -5013
Maintenance [1] -216
major [6] - 1103
4314 6115 14019 1421 1422 14417 1572 1976 1977
matters [4] - 4010 6819 916 16814
maximizing [1] -14214
mean [25] - 3410 384 483 7515 8211 832 839 883 9315 963 9613 10415
Member [7] - 18 19 19 110 110 111 111
members [7] - 121 513 7916 908 9013 1237 15511
Members [2] - 42 4917
memo [5] - 7914 7918 19116 1924 1929
memorialize [1] -
1086 1254 minutes [2] - 479 11914
miscellaneous [1] -706
misgivings [1] -14419
missed [1] - 1436 missing [5] - 7711 7715 785 11413 17713
mistaken [1] - 9913 models [1] - 5719
multi-family [1] -10313
multi-month [1] -1579
multi-unit [1] - 999 multi-year [1] - 1578 multiple [2] - 1449 14610
municipal [20] - 687 11917 1453 14615 14616 1478 15018 1541 15419
1104 1201 10614 1261 1149 modern [2] - 14011 15712 1601 13718 14210 12717 13013 memorialized [1] - 17413 16017 16018
Manager [4] - 113 13912 1644 1163 modification [4] - 16212 1692 15115 16310 1654 1717 1726 memorializing [1] - 16719 1683 1701 18717 17119 17914 1809 1277 1688 17018 Municipal [7] - 547
manager [1] - 23 1852 memory [1] - 9913 modifications [4] - 694 8314 1096 manner [3] - 552 means [5] - 8417 mention [1] - 432 5211 5310 1097 11018 6413 1574 8516 12717 mentioned [4] - 16113 1629 1247
manufactured [1] -
11
Murphy [2] - 113 23 MURPHY [1] - 5015 music [2] - 1532 1536
must [6] - 659 951 14416 1467 1727
N
nails [1] - 12011 name [6] - 1115 2312 352 3514 13919 1446
natural [1] - 9713 nature [1] - 295 nay [1] - 1538 near [1] - 4815 nearby [2] - 159 1510
nearly [1] - 7712 necessarily [3] -5610 6417 7518
necessary [1] - 269 need [21] - 2616 327 387 388 3812 3814 3819 411 6314 9012 9016 9319 10414 11713 12415 12913 12915 14618 15713 1861 19310
needed [1] - 15015 needs [6] - 2912 1512 1531 15711 15719 1921
neighbor [6] - 4419 463 6615 6811 788 878
neighbors [1] - 443 neighborhood [11] -67 1514 1519 2319 11116 1121 11612 1193 1321 13314 13316
neighbors [10] - 384 3913 5819 7612 11211 11212 11419 1457 17511
network [1] - 685 never [3] - 1159 12715 1287
new [25] - 211 214 32 49 84 173 2819 5518 5616 5915 634 6313
703 817 828 9215 958 9716 1184 12110 1309 1368 1369
newer [2] - 602 1752
news [2] - 412 1610 newspaper [1] - 1611 Newton [2] - 701 801
Newtons [1] - 6919 next [13] - 410 51 104 1013 112 416 442 5111 6316 6615 7613 11519 1869
next-door [2] - 442 6615
nice [6] - 304 3718 4114 496 4911 11616
nicely [1] - 11519 night [12] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 10117 10412 11617 11619 1206 1337 13314 1344
nightmare [1] - 8219 nobody [3] - 3218 14511 18213
noise [14] - 2717 287 3015 416 4516 4517 4617 498 6912 7112 1409 14210 1432 1532
Non [2] - 27 28 non [44] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 195 3219 333 337 4919 558 5512 569 5611 602 6213 6819 7110 7910 816 9112 9116 922 9212 9216 973 978 979 992 9919 1005 1009 10510 1073 1074 1285 1286 1364 1396 15110 1806 1896
non-conformance [1] - 15110
non-conforming [23] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 7110 7910 816 922
9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1396
non-conformities [2] - 333 9116
non-conformity [9] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 973 978 979 992
non-continuous [2] -1073 1074
non-enforcement [1] - 1896
non-residential [4] -195 4919 6213 1806
Non-Residential [2] -27 28
non-zoning [2] -6819 1005
nonetheless [1] -15814
Norfolk [2] - 56 714 noses [1] - 296 NOT [3] - 19514 1965 19718
Notary [3] - 1967 1975 19714
notations [2] -19514 1966
note [7] - 619 6414 656 657 734 1043 1964
noted [2] - 7413 19617
notes [4] - 14014 1696 17112 1979
nothing [4] - 4611 4614 1454 1708
notice [1] - 1847 notify [1] - 1673 notion [3] - 1552 1694 17016
nowadays [1] - 4518 noxious [1] - 14311 nuisance [2] - 805 11213
nuisances [1] -11218
number [3] - 210 665 1165
numbering [1] - 575 numbers [1] - 2510 NUR [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
Nur [2] - 111 1917
O 8616 8617 9912 1023 1025 1029 1055 1065 1077 1118 11217 1195 1258 12710 12814 1333 14810 14916 1533 1534 1535 15617 1608 1626 16415 1757 17517 1778 18015 1917 19317
ones [1] - 1414 one-story [3] - 1210 1311 1815
onerous [2] - 994 1186
ones [4] - 2018 214 216 11717
ongoing [1] - 808 open [8] - 225 334 3313 3315 342 3511 3715 5218
opening [1] - 958 openings [3] - 2015 2017 1799
opinion [2] - 6013 19317
opossums [1] - 1343 opportunities [1] -6412
opportunity [3] -4010 1674 18210
opposed [2] - 8316 10218
opposites [1] - 1534 opposition [1] - 403 opt [1] - 17310 order [4] - 535 6715 1058 14016
Ordinance [56] - 214 5410 554 556 594 684 695 6915 705 7011 747 7810 7812 791 802 10919 11018 11217 11816 1247 12411 1279 12816 12911 1306 13416 1352 1356 1357 1358 13510 1362 13615 1374 13712 13713 13716 13717 1381
oclock [1] - 475 OGrady [1] - 13119 objections [1] - 1933 observation [1] -15515
observations [1] -1549
observatory [1] -10410
observed [1] - 6015 obviously [7] - 2615 357 3617 484 7719 963 15112
occupancy [1] - 1181 Occupancy [1] -1186
occupied [2] - 1317 186
occupier [1] - 2315 occupy [1] - 502 occur [1] - 2817 occurring [1] - 3014 October [1] - 2319 OF [7] - 12 673 19516 1972 19717 19718 19719
Off-Street [1] - 216 off-street [1] - 17615 offenses [1] - 706 offensive [1] - 17510 offer [3] - 1007 1335 17213
offering [2] - 12410 12412
office [5] - 73 75 989 1406 16616
OFFICIAL [1] - 118 officials [1] - 12213 often [5] - 11712 1182 1605 1746
old [2] - 601 6313 older [1] - 1752 on-line [1] - 1010 once [3] - 1099 11012 1555
one [68] - 418 59 715 127 1210 1311 154 1719 1815 1913 2015 227 2215 267 2812 3214 379 423 459 4716 5315 541 5510 5618 5916 6414 656 6514 6515 7013 7111 723 804 8213 8513
12
13 1393 1407 overreach [1] - 764 711 718 374 9918 1279 person [7] - 2310 14114 1426 overshadow [1] - 422 428 4216 13317 643 6418 835 14417 14518 4815 4312 456 8319 past [3] - 285 445 11814 12614 1462 14611 owe [1] - 19316 8610 8714 8718 6811 1317 14614 1511 own [7] - 2318 8810 8910 path [4] - 4810 personally [4] -1543 1593 5817 593 14215 13017 1311 9319 11417 6813 1501 1527 16612 17718 1556 16813 14314 1539 17117 17513 17814 18412 17311 15318 paved [1] - 2812 personnel [1] -18511 owned [2] - 134 Pamela [2] - 19 43 pay [3] - 9815 1144 15416
ordinance [25] - 1617 paragraph [11] - 1431 persons [1] - 1438 4516 6913 7112 7113 9915 1004 1097 11512 11513 1372
owner [26] - 1118 1315 1317 1412 1418 186 1811 2315 3619 614
1295 12910 13415 1354 1377 1384 16118 1684
PB282 [1] - 27 pending [1] - 1691 people [38] - 3416 372 3714 382
perspective [3] -8017 9115 9116
Petition [25] - 5113 812 11517 1465
1454 14616 649 6415 6418 17113 17114 383 4717 5116 14912 1502 14617 1478 653 742 755 1905 603 6719 7319 1528 15311 15018 1542 7514 804 805 Paragraph [1] - 217 7516 7912 8217 1616 1626 1647 15419 15712 9311 10315 parallel [1] - 17117 993 1027 1041 1667 1697 1601 16018 16213 1692
10317 13016 1756 18210
parameters [2] - 899 1015
1057 10519 11111 1161
17611 17613 17618 17713
18518 18718 Ordinances [6] -5712 597 5919 623 6619 15519
owners [1] - 744 owner-occupied [2] -1317 186
owners [7] - 562
pardon [1] - 249 park [1] - 5819 parking [23] - 92 145 1411 1417
11613 1175 1206 12419 1345 13813 13815 1433
1816 18115 18416 18512 18719 1923 19211 1934
ORIGINAL [1] - 1958 783 10311 1309 1419 151 153 14312 1458 petition [40] - 217 original [10] - 5516 1518 1519 154 155 201 1513 1522 1581 5311 5317 5319 578 5813 764 17517 432 502 659 1669 18014 5516 564 578 9010 1373 1646 1735 1952 1959
ownership [1] - 188 Oxford [1] - 72
6516 661 6612 6616 1049 1746
1863 19114 19119
5813 626 6310 6319 656 6514
originally [5] - 9612 17410 1758 peoples [1] - 3710 8112 821 9010 9918 1372 1502 1529
P 1761 17615 Parking [2] - 29 216
per [3] - 211 192 855
9517 10014 10619 11611
otherwise [3] - 4710 606 1147
ought [3] - 1251 15016 16619
ourselves [2] -18414 18415
outcome [2] - 9710 1977
pm [2] - 14 19319 pack [3] - 417 681 1828
package [2] - 2613 5212
packs [1] - 6810 PADEN [17] - 414
part [20] - 2217 245 6913 6914 9915 10419 10517 13416 14417 1452 1465 14611 14615 16018 1685 16817 16919
percent [2] - 1209 perfect [3] - 7712 12414 15911
perhaps [5] - 613 998 12710 1381 1686
period [2] - 1002 14617
12012 12017 1217 12116 1221 1224 12214 1231 12311 12513 1267 1271 1357 15911 16618 1735 17311
outcomes [1] - 1105 outdoor [14] - 3111 3113 3618 4012 4614 598 10213 10610 13613 1744 17410 17411 17917
54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
Paden [1] - 115
1813 18617 19011
participate [1] - 1441 participated [1] -1101
particular [8] - 818 273 541 5719
permanent [1] - 1067 permeability [1] -415
permeable [1] - 2811 permissible [1] - 210 permission [2] - 445 891
1782 1784 petitioner [2] - 6018 10014
phone [1] - 1093 phonetic [1] - 13911 photo [2] - 2612 895
1807 outgrow [1] - 483 outside [3] - 6513 9811 1474
overall [6] - 1011 5310 553 5514
PAGE [2] - 19516 1969
page [13] - 574 576 585 5917 608 6112 6316 658 1352 17813
646 7512 876 14016
particularly [7] - 67 417 424 12212 14914 15312 16315
Permit [14] - 27 814 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 9214 9215 1172 11713
physical [2] - 6014 1598
picture [1] - 1124 piece [7] - 4412 5618 816 833 1052 12511
5618 6016 overbroad [2] -14913 1505
overhang [2] - 1715 2113
Overlay [1] - 816 overlook [1] - 245 overly [1] - 966
17817 Page [3] - 219 572 1967
pages [1] - 573 pains [1] - 1577 painting [2] - 2610 968
PAMELA [24] - 514 65 611 616 79
parties [3] - 281 7710 1976
parts [1] - 1783 party [4] - 262 759 787 1957
pass [2] - 1235 1276
passed [4] - 915
permit [5] - 210 911 314 941 1016
Permits [1] - 758 permits [1] - 12817 Permitted [1] - 31 permitted [3] - 1001 1068 10615
1332 pieces [1] - 1939 pitch [1] - 8619 pitches [2] - 10815 10817
place [6] - 167 1245 1333 1596 1624 18911
placed [1] - 1111 portion [4] - 2812 primarily [1] - 498 1797 proposing [14] -places [3] - 5717 666 1353 13818 primary [4] - 2910 pronged [2] - 802 1315 141 144 1064 1415 portions [2] - 215 1425 1521 8616 1417 174 179
plan [25] - 1011 1351 16212 proper [2] - 752 1710 1714 183 1719 187 2317 position [1] - 12111 principle [2] - 6017 1096 1261 1262 1687 2417 2418 255 possibility [2] - 2413 1837 properly [1] - 1473 18510 1881
2619 2815 292 17010 principles [1] - properties [9] - 1215 prospective [1] -2912 2916 3011 possible [11] - 5319 15611 1218 1717 782 9113 3111 3113 339 601 6815 9211 privacy [2] - 275 16512 16517 protect [2] - 14216 3910 3915 4111 9717 9718 9911 3617 17416 1794 14815 7015 9813 9815 13011 13012 private [7] - 3319 property [70] - 1319 proved [1] - 823 10517 10518 1416 1437 3618 376 377 142 144 154 provide [7] - 3910 1176 possibly [3] - 5811 3712 3717 3914 156 1813 2017 5418 615 645
planned [4] - 4818 1077 1479 privatization [1] - 2019 2111 223 6412 9211 1909 14110 1447 postpone [1] - 1246 14212 2218 233 241 providing [1] - 155 1708 potentially [2] - 611 pro [1] - 808 245 2419 257 provision [13] - 559
PLANNING [2] - 12 7414 pro-active [1] - 808 258 259 2517 5815 5915 642 1961 power [3] - 1005 problem [19] - 615 261 271 276 704 767 1078
Planning [21] - 47 17117 1892 686 719 7913 277 3317 3510 1298 15517 814 91 919 powerful [1] - 12812 803 8019 1099 443 455 4610 15614 16515 118 5314 5810 practical [3] - 4313 12115 12119 482 489 5014 17019 1721 12016 12219 11710 1854 1221 1223 562 614 6416 provisions [4] - 571 12618 1475 pre [3] - 7012 7110 13015 13210 6418 653 6611 17717 18111 15817 1672 1068 14218 1459 708 724 736 1896 1687 17310 pre-exempt [1] - 15414 1634 742 744 745 provocative [1] -1883 1886 1941 1068 1809 18214 755 7514 783 1314 19512 1964 pre-existing [2] - problematic [1] - 784 804 805 Public [4] - 14510 19616 7012 7110 12215 9311 10312 1967 1975
planning [4] - 303 predicate [1] - 1143 problems [5] - 679 1128 13810 19714 311 446 1844 preempt [1] - 18818 1216 12111 1414 1518 1657 public [17] - 103
plans [6] - 59 3018 preference [2] - 402 1226 1463 1661 1679 118 209 239 7014 1175 1179 12316 procedurally [1] - 17517 1791 5114 5713 5819 1182 premise [1] - 1202 1554 1792 1793 1796 595 6718 9014
plant [1] - 448 premises [1] - 17617 procedure [2] - 1797 17915 1112 12619 plantings [2] - 267 2619
pleased [1] - 304 plighting [1] - 8712 podium [1] - 2312 point [21] - 215 2115 2118 3518 6410 6519 6714 724 8415 8519 867 926 9314 1056 1077 1259 1491 1492 1663 1686 1882
pointed [2] - 895 1108
pointing [2] - 1592 16413
points [3] - 4714 796 1938
police [1] - 1005 policy [2] - 1184 1728
poor [2] - 839 8910 population [2] -1424 14815
porch [1] - 7614 porches [1] - 10611
prepared [1] - 3916 present [3] - 5813 14813 14814
presentation [5] -515 903 12211 14715 15411
presented [1] - 1529 presenting [1] - 521 Preston [2] - 111 44 PRESTON [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
pretty [12] - 6811 9616 12412 15810 15811 15815 15817 16014 16816 16819 17316 1864
prevents [1] - 735 previous [3] - 281 11418 14810
previously [2] -1584 18013
16812 17015 proceed [2] - 3119 527
process [26] - 203 204 207 249 2911 407 645 648 7610 8118 10013 1016 10311 10419 10917 10918 11414 11510 1168 1188 12014 12113 1247 16016 16413 17313
process-wise [1] -10013
produce [1] - 1036 produces [1] - 10217 productive [1] - 1712 professional [4] -868 1573 1611 1844
professionals [1] -11018
profit [1] - 14212 prohibiting [1] -
18118 1826 18210 18213
propertys [1] - 134 proponent [5] - 1617 3312 388 3910 9010
proponents [1] -9612
proposal [18] - 1513 195 2914 3216 338 9012 937 1013 1014 1277 15218 16318 16319 1685 1754 1771 17812
propose [4] - 452 1683 17018 18519
proposed [20] - 221 267 3319 5211 533 539 568 5716 7118 9314 9517 12413 1358 1367 1368 1618 1717 17217 18110 19212
1284 14216 14818
PUBLIC [1] - 26 publish [1] - 1673 pull [1] - 1938 pulling [1] - 1172 Purpose [1] - 7714 purpose [4] - 3411 5419 551 7812
purposes [1] - 275 pursuant [1] - 28 pursue [1] - 688 put [26] - 516 1010 1015 4213 4318 442 4913 5516 5910 681 8710 964 10214 10215 10216 10717 11311 1244 13615 14016 1474 15417 16915 17314 18813 18814
Putnam [7] - 27 119 1119 123 124 125 1215
14
putting [3] - 989 10219 1177
rating [1] - 582 ratio [2] - 665 667 rationale [1] - 523 rats [1] - 1472 re [3] - 5319 14615 1681
re-advertise [1] -1681
re-advertisement [1] -5319
re-craft [1] - 14615 reached [3] - 16716 17215 1874
reaction [2] - 1275 1812
read [8] - 33 748 13918 17716 1781 1785 18211 19616
reading [4] - 692 8514 19512 1964
ready [1] - 4912 real [13] - 74 418 4513 871 10010 11017 11018 11019 11511 11513 15417 15615 16210
reality [1] - 1725 realize [1] - 393 really [56] - 1716 365 366 3719 395 425 4811 587 6110 682 741 774 791 7913 7919 8111 832 857 8619 905 9710 9810 1014 10115 10414 10417 10617 1081 11114 11419 1164 11913 12115 1332 1513 15116 15216 1531 15310 15312 15410 15414 1577 15715 1592 1647 16411 16413 1786 18013 19119 1924 1925 19215 19218
Realty [1] - 72 rear [6] - 176 268 3318 413 4719 4816
reason [12] - 5511
669 1111 1308 1391 14010 14310 1638 1757 18312 19011 1965
REASON [6] - 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614 19615
reasonable [3] -6114 6611 11213
reasonably [1] -9114
reasons [2] - 10317 19513
recap [1] - 18713 RECEIVED [1] -19518
received [1] - 1846 recent [1] - 1742 recently [4] - 77 264 1404 14113
recess [3] - 111 114 519
recessed [1] - 3114 recognized [1] - 151 recollection [2] -9916 1007
recommend [13] -102 688 10413 12310 1266 1276 14612 1494 1502 15612 1616 1884 18913
recommendation [30] - 5112 5214 5215 5217 716 7918 814 8110 9016 9617 10017 12516 12518 1263 1293 15012 15211 15616 16015 16016 1615 16212 1731 1733 1843 18714 18715 18717 18917 18919
recommendations [6] - 10018 1464 1481 15918 17214 1926
recommended [5] -205 652 6516 6918 16113
recommending [4] -965 1528 15219 18018
reconfigure [1] - 93 reconstruction [1] -5416
record [3] - 1934 1957 19618
RECORD [1] - 118 recording [1] - 648 recourse [2] - 614 15719
redirect [1] - 8819 redrafted [1] - 7712 reduce [3] - 501 13010 13015
Reduction [1] - 29 reduction [2] - 144 1919
refer [2] - 11010 11012
Refer [1] - 1967 reference [4] - 7118 1067 1349 15019
referenced [1] -15916
references [1] - 1569 referred [3] - 5115 975 1101
referring [3] - 4914 11718 1774
refers [3] - 1074 11010 1777
reflected [1] - 877 reflecting [1] - 1751 reflection [1] - 217 reflects [1] - 1011 regard [1] - 7212 regarding [1] - 18716 regular [1] - 6710 regulate [1] - 6013 regulated [2] - 6010 6012
regulation [8] - 609 6016 6313 6314 13411 1566 1623 1632
regulations [9] - 505 5617 634 636 659 698 888 945 1562
regulatory [1] -17618
reinventing [1] -1563
relate [2] - 412 247 related [8] - 307 416 1272 1303 1305 15314 15319 1976
relates [4] - 757 759 1599
relating [2] - 509
5011 relative [2] - 226 10015
relief [7] - 1918 4915 806 1136 15715 1581 1909
rely [2] - 5312 16312
remain [2] - 188 1001
remains [2] - 6016 7210
remedy [1] - 14611 remedying [1] -14119
remember [5] - 617 813 97 8113 1646
remind [4] - 473 476 10013 1057
remove [3] - 31 34 176
removed [1] - 454 renovate [1] - 172 renovation [4] - 247 355 4716 10517
renovations [1] -2617
rental [3] - 1813 3318 364
renter [1] - 6419 renting [2] - 139 8218
REP [1] - 1962 repair [1] - 269 repairs [1] - 969 repeatedly [2] -10415 1429
rephrase [1] - 7315 REPLACE [1] -19516
replace [5] - 216 178 11313 11315 13016
replaced [1] - 9711 replacement [3] -601 956 11312
replacing [3] - 1713 923 1138
report [1] - 17119 reported [1] - 1156 Reporter [2] - 1974 19714
REPORTER [1] -19719
REPORTERS [1] -117
represent [1] - 2217 represented [1] -4011
Q
quadrupled [2] -1381 14519
quantify [1] - 12416 questions [17] - 51 2012 2015 2213 246 2410 536 6716 711 9819 1062 1248 1249 1314 15014
queue [1] - 17314 quick [24] - 2012 2014 5619 9819 10011 1089 10810 11016 11510 1545 15412 1553 15616 17514 1767 18010 18019 18314 18513 18514 18519 1869 1881 18819
quickly [2] - 9717 1235
quiet [4] - 4515 4518 466 1413
quite [8] - 2618 4114 4516 496 12417 13616 14011 1495
quoted [1] - 12712
R
rabbits [1] - 1342 raccoons [2] - 13318 radius [2] - 148 778 raised [5] - 5314 6512 13311 1663 18413
raising [2] - 1337 1845
Raising [1] - 512 ramifications [1] -18319
ran [2] - 135 136 range [2] - 622 668 Ranjit [3] - 11615 1199 19214
Ranjits [1] - 14816 rapidly [1] - 1416 rather [9] - 207 405 6011 6710 728 1307 1543 16916 1885
15
representing [1] -1117
REPRODUCTION [1] - 19718
request [8] - 2414 591 643 654 1274 14714 14716 14717
requested [1] - 99 requesting [1] - 1816 require [5] - 5318 9311 961 986 1176
Required [1] - 29 required [6] - 201 271 291 502 1179 14116
required) [1] - 1967 requirement [3] -927 9316 967
requirements [7] -2416 6510 702 7119 7211 986 1569
requires [5] - 9214 1143 1205 15712
research [1] - 917 reservations [1] -15210
residence [5] - 1313 1317 1416 1518 341
Residence [8] -1314 633 638 13614 13813 1774 17918
residential [24] -1812 195 196 4919 501 6212 6213 997 998 1298 12915 1301 1417 1651 1652 1657 1661 16614 1678 17616 1806 1818 18417
Residential [5] - 27 28 28 29 34
resolution [2] -11416 11417
resolved [4] - 6413 7415 1452
resolving [1] - 1192 respectful [2] - 412 18412
respects [2] - 331 334
respond [5] - 524 594 649 6716 12315
responding [1] -12315
Response [1] - 1488 response [5] - 5118 589 1274 14014 1937
Response) [1] - 3213 rest [6] - 608 655 10716 10717 14217 1509
restart [1] - 17312 restaurant [1] - 9810 restrict [1] - 10311 Restrictions [2] - 32 34
restrictions [3] -1154 1155 17818
result [1] - 817 results [1] - 10519 retail [7] - 517 61 62 64 66 69 712
retain [1] - 5310 retaining [1] - 6218 reuse [1] - 175 reuses [1] - 4114 review [4] - 7015 808 9510 16617
reviewed [3] - 918 1095 16512
reviewing [2] - 7015 13418
reviews [1] - 1063 revised [2] - 12318 15211
revision [2] - 58 15011
revisions [3] - 531 13719 15212
rewrite [1] - 1103 rewriting [1] - 1901 rezoning [1] - 818 rhythm [1] - 1339 rightful [1] - 1596 rights [3] - 4613 4615 5014
risk [1] - 1277 ROBERT [1] - 1446 Robert [2] - 1447 15313
Roberts [5] - 5116 529 1823 1937 19315
ROBERTS [31] - 528 6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514
9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
rodent [2] - 1457 1458
Roger [1] - 116 roof [3] - 221 317 1198
roofing [1] - 436 roofs [1] - 3115 rooftop [3] - 387 389 3810
room [4] - 6710 8512 1194 1533
rotted [1] - 302 roughly [1] - 126 round [1] - 1858 routes [1] - 159 rubbish [2] - 1459 14512
Rule [1] - 7910 rule [2] - 197 485 Rules [1] - 547 rules [5] - 569 588 9217 976 14814
run [2] - 1099 1189 runs [1] - 1591 RUSSELL [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693
1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831 1835 1863 1866 18612 18616 18619 1873 18812 18819 18915 1903 1908 1912 1916 1919 1936 19314
Russell [4] - 17 42 1336 14413
section [7] - 7712 7716 7810 1158 11719 14614 1777
Sections [1] - 215 security [1] - 871 see [42] - 68 2317 259 2611 284 2815 3214 359 4812 766 7615 7913 7917 8819 9614 1017 1023 1024 10217 10411 1071 10815 10816 10819 11014 1125 1161 1162 1174 1271 1273 13211 1439 1493 16010 16617 17417 17418 17419 18410 1857 19019
seeing [1] - 1862 seek [1] - 208 seeking [1] - 1919 seem [4] - 913 1554 1558 19010
sell [1] - 1183 semi [3] - 377 3712 3717
semi-private [3] -377 3712 3717
send [6] - 1016 896 11812 1193 18313 19218
sending [1] - 15917 Senior [1] - 15 sense [6] - 355 3918 12513 15013 1718 17216
sensor [1] - 1072 sent [2] - 5212 16115
sentence [2] - 12117 18315
sentences [2] - 7717 15618
sentiment [1] - 903 separate [1] - 694 separation [1] - 6212 September [1] -19711
series [3] - 1211 1618 11611
serious [2] - 13214 1333
seriously [1] - 12914
S
Sacramento [1] - 515 safe [1] - 3317 safety [6] - 591 1112 1113 1332 1335 1423
SAM [1] - 3416 Sam [2] - 353 366 SAME [2] - 353 19718
sat [2] - 11514 11515
saw [2] - 772 16613 scattered [1] - 14014 scenario [1] - 5913 schedule [1] - 477 scheduled [1] - 112 schematic [1] - 2915 School [1] - 13310 science [1] - 15910 scope [11] - 5311 5316 5318 9210 9516 10618 1117 1666 16618 1735 17617
scratch [1] - 16718 screen [2] - 786 792 scrutiny [1] - 1749 Sean [1] - 13118 Seated [1] - 1917 seated [1] - 115 second [10] - 129 183 5016 5017 912 10210 1317 13110 15515 1628
secondly [3] - 909 1049 1292
Section [16] - 28 29 29 32 33 548 7117 7119 7713 831 11816 1355 1681 17816 18410
16
servant [1] - 14818 serve [1] - 16819 serves [1] - 9913 Services [4] - 941 9812 14510 15718
servicing [1] - 488 session [1] - 1888 set [10] - 558 729 7210 8812 11914 1619 16114 16116 1979 19711
setback [2] - 2416 272
sets [1] - 8811 setting [1] - 6618 sever [1] - 14613 several [5] - 121 573 908 10711 14811
shadow [2] - 10217 1036
shall [12] - 209 5411 5413 5414 7119 737 1068 12712 17617 17819 1796
share [2] - 4716 1533
shared [3] - 95 2110 19117
shed [2] - 1197 sheet [4] - 1058 11817 1965 1966
Sheet [4] - 1952 1955 19513 1968
SHEET [3] - 1951 19517 1963
shielded [1] - 894 shielding [1] - 7212 shine [1] - 875 shines [1] - 1389 shining [2] - 859 1035
shirts [1] - 1468 shocking [1] - 1813 shop [1] - 69 short [4] - 114 519 15613 1671
short-term [1] -15613
shortcomings [1] -14419
Shorthand [2] -1974 19714
shorthand [1] -13419
shortly [3] - 106
2618 1463 shot [1] - 1209 shoulder [1] - 4215 show [3] - 9813 9815 1384
showed [3] - 275 10912
shown [4] - 3010 3012 3916 12110
shows [4] - 158 3911 792 12212
shrubs [2] - 481 4812
side [11] - 125 128 1210 1212 1712 1715 2016 3816 437 904 14410
sides [1] - 255 sidetrack [1] - 13519 Sieniewicz [3] - 110 44 1336
SIENIEWICZ [15] -2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
sighted [1] - 13317 sign [4] - 9914 1004 19513
Sign [1] - 1966 SIGNATURE [1] -1951
signed [1] - 1956 SIGNED [1] - 19517 significant [4] -2819 5519 5612 14917
significantly [1] -13015
Signs [1] - 218 signs [2] - 1001 10912
similar [2] - 655 1542
simple [5] - 1119 1537 1631 17110 17111
simplicity [1] - 11110 simply [7] - 3811 8918 14119 1452 14612 18216
Singanayagam [1] -14719
single [4] - 1317 1416 1518 1719
single-family [3] -1317 1416 1518
sit [1] - 1537
site [5] - 109 1817 7015 7113 1155
Sitting [1] - 42 situation [4] - 335 5818 7012 818
situations [1] - 8010 six [6] - 1211 406 479 1131 11819 1288
six-story [1] - 1288 size [3] - 1818 1382 1461
skill [1] - 19710 skin [1] - 14411 skip [1] - 583 skipping [1] - 549 sky [7] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 1043 10412 1337
sleep [1] - 1339 sleeping [1] - 1342 slide [1] - 11418 slipped [1] - 1003 small [7] - 361 578 1054 10812 1165 1518 1519
smaller [3] - 2216 9910 16116
smart [1] - 447 sneak [1] - 11015 so [1] - 698 socialization [1] -14213
sodium [1] - 12813 sole [1] - 19112 Solet [3] - 1317 1319 1428
SOLET [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
Solicitor [2] - 16913 1734
Solicitors [1] -16616
solicitors [1] - 1094 solution [1] - 16213 solve [5] - 685 686 8119 1226 1462
solving [1] - 8316 someone [6] - 4913 7518 8817 9213 987 13818
someplace [1] -16818
sometime [1] - 13515 sometimes [5] - 443 444 5216 6210 11313
somewhat [1] - 1047 somewhere [2] -
8410 17011 sonar [1] - 10215 soon [1] - 413 sooner [1] - 6710 sorry [11] - 2014 574 6712 712 737 1066 1258 1347 13917 17712 1803
sort [26] - 76 2513 605 6017 6318 726 729 774 7716 856 8512 864 8615 9119 946 974 978 11614 13411 13419 14017 1553 16716 16719 18318 1842
sorts [2] - 281 15519
sought [1] - 4915 sound [2] - 5012 1542
sounds [2] - 1864 18811
source [4] - 8415 8513 8517 1307
south [1] - 125 southern [1] - 4813 space [19] - 518 61 64 152 154 225 2517 301 304 334 3313 3315 343 3511 3618 377 4012 4614 495
Space [1] - 27 spaces [6] - 66 1418 156 171 3715 3914
speaker [1] - 15919 speakers [1] - 1349 speaking [2] - 14517 1693
special [6] - 647 1297 1369 13610 1382 1707
Special [11] - 27 813 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 758
specific [8] - 4914 5513 617 648 6910 9518 18510 1884
specifically [4] - 509 5010 824 1933
specified [1] - 9310 specify [4] - 461 598 9310 9518
spend [2] - 10914 1192
spent [2] - 5714 1092
spill [5] - 6613 6614 7213 7216 7819
spilling [3] - 6610 781 7814
spoken [2] - 2718 909
spot [1] - 615 spots [1] - 3115 spread [1] - 858 springs [1] - 1158 Square [1] - 1762 square [7] - 126 192 198 1912 2216 2316 855
SS [1] - 1973 Staff [1] - 115 staff [15] - 5116 5117 713 717 918 11617 11619 12316 14115 14814 1503 1525 16311 16615 18317
staffs [1] - 752 stair [1] - 149 stairs [1] - 3011 stance [1] - 1635 standard [15] - 1914 6114 621 6515 6516 6612 6613 7218 747 7411 863 1255 1393 1395 17418
standards [17] -5312 558 5716 581 587 598 618 622 624 7210 733 869 8812 1437 1471 17413
standing [3] - 773 8216 10818
start [7] - 914 294 3217 521 14910 1563 16718
started [2] - 1131 16413
starting [1] - 17810 starts [4] - 5213 559 573 1753
State [1] - 12711 state [4] - 546 548
17
559 697 statement [1] - 1908 statements [1] -19618
stations [1] - 158 status [5] - 810 922 1365 13610 1397
stay [1] - 477 stenographic [1] -1979
step [2] - 5619 16513
Steve [6] - 3716 423 8912 9017 1576 1592
Steves [3] - 16318 16319 1855
STEVEN [50] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 185 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3217 3717 4015 4110 4117 459 473 8717 885 8912 8914 8917 9019 9219 938 9313 9417 957 9512 963 9818 1017 1347 1547 16715 17015 17116 17211 17712 1781 1786 1811 18311 1851 1895 18914 19016
Steven [4] - 19 110 43 44
still [19] - 697 765 9812 1046 11417 12111 1504 1506 15014 16810 16812 17317 1755 1773 1774 17915 1823 1861
stone [1] - 289 stop [1] - 6715 stopgap [7] - 15013 15412 1553 15613 16713 16811 1691
storage [1] - 345 store [2] - 77 1511 storefront [2] - 1211 1714
stories [1] - 181 story [6] - 1210
1311 1719 183 1815 1288
straight [3] - 6413 1476 1926
straightforward [1] -6013
strain [1] - 1413 straining [1] - 776 strategies [1] - 1623 Street [17] - 216 57 516 72 714 125 1218 2316 2318 1087 12615 12617 1319 13316 1399 13915 1402
street [7] - 1284 14514 17615 1793 1795 17910 17911
stress [1] - 15716 strict [2] - 971 986 strikes [1] - 14418 strobe [1] - 1075 struck [2] - 992 15410
structural [1] - 5416 structure [20] - 1311 1316 1416 1516 1610 1616 175 1710 184 1815 196 198 337 501 5417 5418 925 948 949 18115
Structures [1] - 28 structures [8] - 5411 5512 6014 7111 7911 999 1752 1753
Stuart [2] - 116 1606
stuck [1] - 14812 students [1] - 14219 studied [2] - 9011 study [6] - 1531 1579 1581 1585 16815 16817
stuff [7] - 817 8218 8310 10015 11110 11317 1196
stuffs [1] - 1098 subdivided [1] - 189 subject [2] - 9011 15212
submit [4] - 12016 12516 17311 1887
submitted [3] - 3919
17219 subscribe [1] -19617
subsequently [1] -138
substance [1] -17217
substantial [3] -5415 932 13817
substantially [6] -5419 551 552 6617 9015 9410
substituted [1] -12015
subtle [1] - 10813 suburban [1] - 671 suddenly [2] - 1761 1805
sue [1] - 11212 sued [2] - 11215 11218
suffer [1] - 14217 sufficient [3] - 147 14815 1571
suggest [6] - 11916 11919 12012 1886
suggested [4] -5816 16514 1676 18219
suggestion [6] -5918 613 716 15319 16219 17213
suggestions [2] -5219 15912
suing [1] - 11211 Sullivan [5] - 2311 2315 3916 409 421
SULLIVAN [15] -2314 258 2519 263 266 279 2714 2814 305 315 3110 3117 329 491 493
Sullivans [4] - 376 412 4315 4718
summarized [1] -497
summer [2] - 18511 18514
sun [1] - 4813 sunset [3] - 9918 1095 10910
superintendent [1] -839
Superintendent [1] -983
Superior [1] - 11415 supersede [1] - 728
supersedes [2] -6313 7311
superseding [1] -697
supplied [1] - 19513 support [5] - 12510 12511 1527 1627 1769
supposed [6] -10818 1091 11016 11017 11510 1168
surface [3] - 2811 857 859
surprised [1] - 13211 surprising [1] - 4014 survey [1] - 263 surveyed [2] - 251 257
surveyor [1] - 254 surveyors [1] - 483 suspect [2] - 1415 1431
switch [1] - 1144
17713 18115 1822 18512 18719 1891 1923 19211 1934 19316
Teagues [1] - 1271 tear [2] - 173 175 technical [12] - 8519 862 867 911 912 916 10416 14115 1568 1612 16814 16912
technology [1] -14012
Ted [5] - 15217 15313 1811 18312 1854
Teds [2] - 5017 1699
telescope [1] - 1044 temporary [4] -16216 1633 16313 1719
ten [6] - 111 475 1085 10911 11914 13516
tenant [3] - 1312 4017 10312
tenants [1] - 3816 tenants [11] - 1312 1411 1413 282 343 3417 3419 356 363 4613 1042
tend [2] - 5215 10212
tends [1] - 6211 term [8] - 32 34 1158 14217 15613 17318 18517 1888
terms [9] - 216 217 225 6119 779 846 985 1207 1615
testified [1] - 18014 testimony [9] - 2010 239 6718 6814 1114 13814 19513 1965 1978
text [24] - 32 35 5213 5214 534 568 6113 6116 6218 639 6310 7416 1368 1374 1483 16112 16118 16412 17815 1885 1887
T
table [1] - 4016 tackle [2] - 12218 talks [6] - 5815 6316 1078 17615 17916 18119
tall [2] - 4217 4814 tandem [4] - 1411 1417 1419 432
Taylor [4] - 12615 12616 13111 1325
TAYLOR [9] - 12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
TEAGUE [4] - 1081 1085 1265 12611
Teague [40] - 213 5113 524 10719 1086 11116 11517 12110 1221 1224 1227 12311 1259 1267 1304 1411 14912 1502 15010 1528 15311 1626 1646 16412 1667 1697 17611 17618 17710 17711
18
THE [10] - 12 118 1613 673 19516 19717 19718 19719
themselves [1] -1238
THEODORE [28] -76 87 913 101 1018 5016 712 7214 739 7315 7318 7417 1065 1375 1499 1662 17319 17512 1773 17715 17912 1803 1819 18215 1833 18310 1865 18912
theodore [1] - 18 Theodore [1] - 42 theory [1] - 1169 therefor [2] - 19513 1965
therefore [2] - 1366 1391
thereof [1] - 1956 thesis [1] - 11318 theyve [4] - 99 1010 12317
thinking [4] - 522 10713 14413 1835
thinks [1] - 14813 third [6] - 141 143 1817 202 203 16219
THIS [2] - 19516 19717
thoughtful [1] - 1899 thoughts [1] - 14415 thousands [1] -12715
three [11] - 98 156 1715 187 2113 243 489 999 10410 1254 1622
three-foot [2] - 1715 2113
throughout [2] -12912 1768
throw [2] - 15315 18212
throwing [1] - 1477 Tibbs [2] - 18 115 TIBBS [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371
8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
tied [1] - 593 tieing [1] - 7511 tile [4] - 10214 10216 10217 10218
timekeeper [1] - 474 timing [1] - 107 tiny [1] - 1025 title [1] - 33 TO [2] - 1961 19718 today [4] - 393 9613 11819 13819
together [2] - 441 10713
TOM [15] - 2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
Tom [2] - 110 43 tonight [6] - 403 4119 12317 15213 15912 16210
took [2] - 1124 14413
tools [1] - 15713 top [1] - 216 touch [1] - 9811 touches [1] - 133 towards [2] - 2218 13610
town [3] - 1093 1094 11216
towns [1] - 1094 traffic [1] - 1029 training [1] - 14117 transcript [9] - 82 1935 1959 19514 1964 1966 1967 19616 19617
Transcript [1] - 25 TRANSCRIPT [2] -19516 19718
transcription [1] -1979
transcripts [2] - 84 85
trash [1] - 345 treated [1] - 6915 trees [4] - 483 8712
8715 8716 trespass [4] - 5113 704 707 10414
trial [1] - 1132 tried [1] - 1107 trigger [4] - 926 9314 9316 9510
triggered [1] - 11712 triggers [1] - 1056 trim [1] - 441 trip [1] - 10513 triple [2] - 1216 1217
trivial [1] - 10812 trouble [3] - 431 1104 11412
true [2] - 6417 1979 try [16] - 207 538 5913 5919 676 719 845 875 9210 9515 9717 981 12217 1466 1624 18517
trying [18] - 168 626 8118 822 8316 10015 10019 11014 11210 1218 12914 1385 1413 1492 15812 17519 18010 18012
Tuesday [1] - 13 turkeys [1] - 13318 turn [4] - 674 836 8513 1606
turning [3] - 148 1517 1541
tweak [1] - 12316 two [37] - 1013 1310 1312 1319 1412 1417 159 1719 1812 2011 2014 222 3115 3315 3318 3519 362 4317 4318 743 796 802 8616 10712 10916 1134 1349 1405 14013 1533 1534 1548 15617 16418 1817 18316 1869
two-family [1] - 222 two-pronged [2] -802 8616
two-unit [1] - 3519 type [3] - 9918 1034 1037
types [2] - 9413 9415
typically [2] - 359 4411
U
ultimate [1] - 16213 ultimately [1] - 7218 unable [2] - 1119 1904
unaware [1] - 13412 unclear [1] - 8212 uncomfortable [4] -776 17513 1764 18017
unconcern [1] -13210
under [30] - 188 296 3011 462 4613 4616 6111 664 6619 696 719 7216 7410 764 9118 1003 1005 1127 11212 11218 11914 1209 1353 1367 1501 15110 16910 17617 17710 1847
UNDER [1] - 19718 undergoing [1] - 104 underlying [1] - 1351 underneath [1] -1354
undersigned [1] -1974
understood [1] -1293
underutilized [1] -1517
unenforceable [1] -1638
unfortunately [1] -1119
uninstalled [1] -8814
unintended [2] -5811 1841
unit [19] - 142 143 1817 192 1913 203 228 2210 309 3016 3314 3519 364 3616 417 853 8613 8614 999
Unit [1] - 211 units [15] - 210 210 1310 1319 187 1812 1817 199
1912 227 317 3318 359 3510 503
University [2] - 104 109
unless [3] - 9912 1004 12112
UNLESS [1] - 19718 unnecessarily [1] -7819
unreasonable [1] -6613
unreasonably [1] -1517
unusual [1] - 2414 up [53] - 66 713 1010 226 3015 3814 4318 537 541 5713 5718 6217 6511 674 681 727 786 7814 7919 8513 865 8615 8710 8814 924 9217 995 10011 10214 1051 10715 11311 11316 12113 13018 1311 13314 1384 14315 15114 15418 1556 1558 15917 1645 16513 17012 17111 18012 18016 1915 1929
Update [1] - 23 update [2] - 49 1017 updates [2] - 1015 1016
upset [1] - 11114 urban [1] - 3719 urgent [1] - 14019 users [2] - 3411 14214
uses [11] - 1811 5411 5513 5518 7110 7115 8613 997 1009 10415 1408
utilities [1] - 1047 utilize [1] - 9216
V
vague [1] - 19216 valet [1] - 91 valiant [1] - 1218 valid [2] - 911 8312 valuable [1] - 19218
19
van [3] - 11515 1702 1914
VAN [5] - 1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
vapor [1] - 12813 variance [1] - 208 Variance [2] - 204 11910
variety [1] - 618 various [2] - 416 16310
verge [1] - 1814 verify [2] - 6019 897 versed [1] - 699 version [4] - 12013 12214 1696 17112
versions [1] - 17811 versus [4] - 7612 8117 827 1113
vertically [1] - 864 Vice [1] - 18 victim [1] - 6810 Victorian [2] - 127 139
view [3] - 2818 4910 7310
views [1] - 16110 violation [14] - 745 767 11412 1278 12815 13113 13118 1321 13410 13518 1361 1362 13611 14915
violations [6] - 1165 12715 12818 1327 13217 1449
violators [1] - 13212 visible [1] - 1116 visually [1] - 6019 volume [5] - 184 674 19512 19514 1966
vote [2] - 401 1814 voting [3] - 4118 513 15311
1534 1535 1536 1758 18814
wash [1] - 857 wattage [2] - 8412 13010
watts [1] - 842 ways [5] - 214 5513 15816 16319 17113
wear [1] - 1469 week [2] - 510 1016 weeks [5] - 1013 406 11819 13317 1869
weighing [2] - 14619 1472
weight [1] - 1689 weird [1] - 853 Wellens [3] - 13911 13913 1401
WELLENS [4] -13912 13916 13919 14316
whatevers [1] -10716
whatsoever [2] -1455 17516
wheel [2] - 1564 WHEN [1] - 19517 WHEREOF [1] -19711
whole [9] - 305 467 769 9111 1122 11315 1167 11912 1305
wholeheartedly [2] -8014 1576
width [3] - 4314 4316 458
wife [2] - 2317 13619
wildlife [2] - 13312 William [2] - 18 115 WILLIAM [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371 8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
WILLIAMS [4] - 3513 3517 3610 3614
Williams [2] - 3514 1399
wind [1] - 14314
window [8] - 1713 2017 284 5911 952 956 958 1798
windows [1] - 383 WINTER [19] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3717 4015 4110 4117 473 8914 8917
Winter [2] - 19 43 WINTERS [25] - 514 65 611 616 79 711 718 374 422 428 4216 4312 456 8319 8610 8714 8718 8810 8910 13017 1311 14314 1446 1539 15318
winters [1] - 15511 Winters [4] - 19 43 1447 15313
wipe [1] - 1117 wise [1] - 10013 wish [4] - 3212 13910 1445 1486
wished [1] - 9612 wishes [1] - 532 wisteria [1] - 442 WITH [1] - 19516 withdrawing [1] -12513
withstanding [1] -1595
WITNESS [1] - 19711 wonder [3] - 292 3019 14416
wonderful [1] - 4111 wondering [5] - 810 2618 10116 1666 16715
wood [3] - 301 346 348
wooden [1] - 2611 word [1] - 10614 words [2] - 14414 1838
works [3] - 9114 11115 15816
Works [1] - 14511 world [3] - 468 1044 1897
worried [1] - 1519 worries [1] - 14511 worth [2] - 6518 772 write [6] - 10015
10513 1225 15518 1561 1929
write-up [1] - 1929 writing [4] - 10019 1247 1323 13918
written [19] - 362 5118 555 723 747 757 768 929 937 9515 1217 1224 1373 13712 13714 13718 1567 18719 19217
wrote [2] - 1153 1163
wwwreportersinc com [1] - 119
Y
yard [12] - 1410 245 2418 2716 291 3318 3519 363 3615 3616 415 8712
yards [2] - 3710 3816
year [4] - 98 8711 1405 1578
years [12] - 98 2319 251 10911 10916 1134 12819 13516 1405 14013 15814 1895
yellow [1] - 1058 yourself [1] - 914
Z
Zelinski [2] - 1974 19713
zero [1] - 12010 Zipcar [1] - 1510 Zone [2] - 14313 1448
zones [7] - 625 12915 12917 1301 1438 1439 14311
Zoning [109] - 24 213 52 55 818 4013 505 534 546 547 5410 5413 554 556 588 5912 5914 6219 642 643 6411 6417 684
6816 695 6914 6915 702 7016 719 7113 758 774 812 822 8314 866 8816 904 945 947 9416 9510 9518 962 972 9916 1052 1054 10512 10514 1061 1098 11118 11217 1164 11816 12411 12511 1278 12719 12815 1296 12911 1306 13419 1356 1369 1407 14113 1426 14417 1454 14518 1462 1465 14611 14614 14710 14918 1501 1509 15019 1543 1552 1555 15519 15615 15810 15817 15818 1597 15914 1616 1617 16112 16117 16118 1649 1659 1687 17718 17813 18011 18510 1884
zoning [2] - 6819 1005
W
wait [1] - 1897 waiting [1] - 15019 walk [1] - 885 walking [1] - 1511 walkways [1] - 17411 wall [5] - 262 681 6810 851 1828
wants [6] - 492
20
3
Permitted in the City of Cambridge to remove the term indirect from the text create a new Section 722 Lighting Restrictions for the City of Cambridge and modify the title of Section 720 Illumination to read Section 723 Lighting Restrictions for Residential Districts and remove the term indirect from the text
KeyWord Index
4
P R O C E E D I N G S
(Sitting Members Hugh Russell H Theodore
Cohen Pamela Winters Steven Winter Tom
Sieniewicz Steven Cohen Catherine Preston
Connolly)
HUGH RUSSELL Good evening This
is the meeting of the Cambridge Planning
Board So the first item on our agenda is an
update and we have before us a great new list
of work were going to be doing in the next
couple of months And so is there any other
news to relate from the -- does the Council
have their midsummer meeting soon
LIZA PADEN So the City Council
will be meeting on July 29th and they will
have the various discussions and everything
else that theyre going to jam pack into that
one meeting
HUGH RUSSELL Okay If there are
5
no questions then well go to the next item
on our agenda which is the Board of Zoning
Appeal cases
LIZA PADEN These are the Board of
Zoning Appeal cases to be heard on July 25th
The case at the bottom is the 288 Norfolk
Street And that case is going to come back
to you in August with a revision to their
plans This was the one that you looked at
last week and had some constructive
criticism
Are there any other cases that the
Board would like to look at
PAMELA WINTERS Liza I have a
question I just -- the 38 Sacramento
Street I have to put my glasses on I
think its a good idea for -- is that retail
space now empty
LIZA PADEN Yes So its been a
6
retail space over time on that location So
even though its in the C-1 it has a retail
facade in that ground floor that corner
retail space
PAMELA WINTERS Well Im always
you know up for having retail spaces
particularly in that neighborhood So my
feeling is that I would like to see that
filled if it is a retail shop
LIZA PADEN Yes
PAMELA WINTERS I dont know if my
colleagues agree with me but I would like to
encourage that
HUGH RUSSELL Youre probably
living closer to that spot than any of us
PAMELA WINTERS Yes What was it
before Liza do you remember
LIZA PADEN Its been a variety of
things
7
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Liza
that used to be the Oxford Street Realty
office right
LIZA PADEN Yes real estate and
insurance office Thank you
H THEODORE COHEN Its been sort
of a kids clothing store most recently I
think
PAMELA WINTERS Right
LIZA PADEN Right Thank you
PAMELA WINTERS Well I would just
like to encourage retail you know that
being filled up so thats it
And well be getting the Norfolk Street
one later
LIZA PADEN August 6th its going
to come back to you
PAMELA WINTERS Okay thank you
LIZA PADEN Thats it
8
HUGH RUSSELL Thats it
Is there a transcript
LIZA PADEN And were working
through the transcripts So theres no new
transcripts yet
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
H THEODORE COHEN Liza can I ask
a question There was an article in the
Cambridge Chronicle about the Kaya Ka Hotel
I was wondering if you knew what the status
of that was
LIZA PADEN So the Kaya Ka Hotel I
dont remember exactly when the Special
Permit was granted by the Planning Board but
theres been a Special Permit for the use and
some dimensional changes in the Overlay
District which were the result of the
rezoning for that particular Zoning District
And then they came back for an amendment to
9
the Planning Board to address the valet
parking arrangement that they wanted to have
in the basement and they had to reconfigure
the driveway because their desire to have a
shared driveway with the abutter it fell
through So that Special Permit I dont
know if you remember but at the end of the
year for the last three years I believe
theyve come in and theyve requested an
extension of the Special Permit So thats a
valid permit and its -- the expiration date
is now December of 2013
H THEODORE COHEN And the article
indicated they were about to start
construction
LIZA PADEN Right We have not
seen the construction drawings yet and we
havent reviewed them for the conditions of
the Planning Board Special Permit
10
H THEODORE COHEN And on another
matter I recommend to all my colleagues and
all the public to take a look at the church
next to Lesley University which is undergoing
a lot of activity and it looks like its
about to be moved shortly
Do you have any timing on that
LIZA PADEN No But Lesley
University has an extensive construction site
that theyve put up on-line and they have an
overall construction plan that covers the
entire duration of the construction and then
they have the next two weeks in action So
theres also an e-mail list that you can
access there and get put on updates of when
they send out the updates every week youll
get an update
H THEODORE COHEN Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL I guess well take a
11
ten or an eight minute recess until 720 for
our next scheduled business
LIZA PADEN Right
(A short recess was taken)
(William Tibbs seated)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay the magic hour
has arrived It is now 720 and we can go on
to our 720 public hearing Planning Board
case 282 533 Putnam Avenue
GREGORY COLLING Hi Would it be
better if I placed the boards facing the
audience I didnt bring an easel with me
HUGH RUSSELL Liza will assist you
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
My name is Greg Colling Im an
architect with Merrimack Design based in
Amesbury Massachusetts and Im representing
Lianne Bensley Shes the owner of 533
Putnam Avenue Shes unfortunately unable to
12
attend this evening but several members of
her family are here on her behalf
So 533 Putnam Avenue is on -- well
Putnam Avenue between Brookline and Acorn
Street Its on the south side of Putnam
Avenue Its roughly a 5000 square foot
lot It has a Victorian half house on one
side Its a half a house Its built in
1869 Its a second empire house And then
on the left side of the lot is a one-story
storefront building that has a series of six
garage bays on the back side of it that have
been added That was built initially in
1922
The abutting properties are 539 Putnam
Avenue Its a triple decker Its a green
triple decker on the left And then the
other abutting properties are on Acorn Street
which is behind the half house
13
LIZA PADEN This is Acorn
GREGORY COLLING And its also --
the corner touches 285 Brookline The
propertys been owned by Li Bensley since
1996 Her husband whos now deceased ran a
construction business with Li and they ran
that business there until 2004 And she
subsequently moved out of Cambridge and has
been renting the Victorian house The half
house is actually two dwelling units And
then the one-story accessory structure is --
has two tenants and it has a business tenant
Its a non-conforming use The residence is
in a Residence C District
So the owner is proposing to convert
the non-conforming accessory structure into a
single-family owner-occupied residence which
is non-conforming Its because there are
two units already on the property So this
14
would be a -- were proposing to add a third
unit on the property
And in addition to adding a third unit
on the property were proposing a reduction
in parking Currently there is a driveway a
12-foot driveway that goes from the front of
the lot to the back There isnt sufficient
turning radius to enter the garage bays
because of an egress stair and a deck that
was built in the yard so currently its used
as tandem parking for the business tenants
According to the owner the two apartment
tenants do not use the driveway at all
So were hoping to -- that youll
allow us to convert this non-conforming
structure into a single-family residence
Were proposing to have two tandem parking
spaces for the use of the owner which I
understand that tandem parking isnt allowed
15
or its not recognized as a legal parking
space So it would be in effect were
continuing the same amount of parking which
is one legal parking space on that property
In addition were providing bicycle parking
on the property for three bicycle spaces
And there is also -- theres a map that weve
brought that shows the bus stations that are
nearby There are two bus routes that are
nearby and also Zipcar locations and theres
a grocery store thats within walking
distance
So we feel that our proposal will
minimally impact the neighborhood We feel
that taking a non-conforming accessory
structure thats deteriorated and
underutilized and turning that into a
single-family residence will be an
enhancement to the neighborhood and to the
16
community
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
STEVEN WINTER May I ask a
question
I want to make sure that I know which
building which place youre talking about
and Im just trying to get my head around
what it is and where it is Is this the
structure that used to be a news distribution
-- newspaper distribution back in the day
Does anybody know that
MEMBER FROM THE AUDIENCE Yes
STEVEN WINTER So I know what that
is now So the only work that were talking
about doing is not to the larger structure
which is owned by the proponent but the work
is on that series of --
GREGORY COLLING Correct
17
STEVEN WINTER -- spaces And is
it to renovate existing bricks and mortar or
is it to tear down and build new
GREGORY COLLING Were proposing to
reuse the existing structure and not tear it
down We do have to remove -- in the rear
corner the deterioration is such that we have
to replace the masonry in the back of the
building But were proposing to work within
the existing structure Were not proposing
any changes to the front of the bidding other
than taking out a door on the side and
replacing that with a window to match the
storefront And we are proposing a
three-foot overhang on the driveway side
which is invisible really to any any
adjacent properties as a covered entry
STEVEN WINTER And is this is the
plan then for one single story not two
18
stories
GREGORY COLLING Correct Were
not proposing a second story Were working
with then the existing volume structure
STEVEN COHEN In your application
you describe this as being an owner-occupied
Is that the plan that the three units will
remain under common ownership Its not
being you know the lots being subdivided
or condoized or --
GREGORY COLLING No the owner uses
the other two existing residential units on
the property for rental income and then she
will continue that and she will be living in
the one-story accessory structure
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre requesting a
third unit on the site but also all the units
will be less than the minimum area size is
that correct
19
GREGORY COLLING Right theyre
less than 1800 square feet per unit Right
WILLIAM TIBBS Okay
HUGH RUSSELL This is a 528
proposal on a conversion of a non-residential
structure for residential use so its looked
at differently There the rule is that you
can divide the structure into 1100 square
foot units
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL And the actual gross
area is for 300 units -- 320 square feet is
going to be one unit so it meets that
standard
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
(Ahmed Nur Seated)
HUGH RUSSELL So the relief youre
seeking is a conversion reduction of the
20
required parking and 5822 and thats
(inaudible) The third thing is the getting
the third unit by Special Permit process not
by a Variance process
GREGORY COLLING It was recommended
by the Building Inspector that I go through
the Special Permit process rather than try to
seek a variance
HUGH RUSSELL Shall we go to public
testimony
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have two
quick questions
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
TOM SIENIEWICZ Sorry two quick
questions One the openings on the it
would be looks like the east side of the
property the window openings those are
existing the ones that are close to the
property
21
GREGORY COLLING Correct
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay And then can
you just --
STEVEN WINTER Which ones are
these Could you point that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ The ones at the top
of the drawing
STEVEN WINTER Yes okay Thank
you
LIZA PADEN This is the shared
property line
TOM SIENIEWICZ And then the
extension of the three-foot overhang on the
-- over the door is --
GREGORY COLLING Want me to point
that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ If you could just
point that out
GREGORY COLLING Yeah that
22
proposed cantilever roof is right here This
is the existing two-family house thats on
the property
TOM SIENIEWICZ Yes
And so then in terms of the open space
how does that divide up relative to the
units on the -- is it assigned to one of
every unit
GREGORY COLLING Its assigned to
this unit
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Are there any other
questions
STEVEN WINTER Actually I do
Mr Chair just one more
The smaller dark square does that
represent a part of the buildings on the
property Its down towards the bottom
LIZA PADEN This
23
STEVEN WINTER Yes that
GREGORY COLLING Thats an abutting
property Thats 186
STEVEN WINTER Thats not what
were talking about
GREGORY COLLING Correct
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Okay so were going
to go to public testimony And by
coincidence the first person to speak is
Mark Sullivan who lives at (Inaudible) Go
to the podium and give your name and your
address
MARK SULLIVAN Good evening Im
Mark Sullivan the owner and occupier of 6
and 8 Acorn Street which is the black square
on the plan that we see there My wife Ann
and I own 6 and 8 Acorn Street Weve -- in
October will be 29 years in the neighborhood
24
That property is very familiar to me We
look out every morning as I make coffee and
all of our -- all three the bedrooms in the
house are very very closely directly
overlook the yard part of the property And
thats thats where most of my questions
relate to for this renovation And this is
the first time Ive been involved in such a
process so Im -- pardon me if Im not asking
the right questions whatever they may be
I guess -- so theres a couple of
things that Im interested to know about if
theres a possibility given this building is
unusual and theres a request for a you
know a different approach if in that case
any setback requirements are different
Because if we if we look on the plan the
yard plan that hedge that is close to my
house -- I dont think that property line has
25
been surveyed in the 29 years that Ive been
there And it just seems to me that -- and
if Im correct it almost looks like theres
some surveyor marks on some of the other
sides of the plan
GREGORY COLLING We had the
property surveyed
MARK SULLIVAN The property between
Liannes property and mine I didnt see
numbers here
GREGORY COLLING I believe it was
HUGH RUSSELL With the Boards
indulgence I think we can allow this sort of
dialogue
TOM SIENIEWICZ Thats fine
GREGORY COLLING This is your
property right here and you have space behind
your house
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
26
GREGORY COLLING The property line
is right against the party wall
MARK SULLIVAN Okay so that survey
was done recently
GREGORY COLLING Right
MARK SULLIVAN So with the
plantings that are proposed the -- one of my
concerns is being able to access the rear of
my house for necessary repair you know
painting etcetera etcetera Currently its
a wooden deck which you can see in I think
its your photo 10 that you have in the
package which will also give you an idea of
how close we are in this little enclave So
my concern is obviously not wanting to cause
any damage to that if -- and I do need to do
some renovations to the exterior of my house
quite shortly So again Im wondering if
the plan is to bring those plantings right to
27
the property line or whatever required you
know inward movement or setback might be in
this particular case
GREGORY COLLING Well I think we
showed for privacy purposes we showed a
hedge thats on thats against the property
line It wouldnt extend over your property
but its on -- against that boundary
MARK SULLIVAN Right And how high
does that going to be
GREGORY COLLING We havent
determined that yet but Im sure thats
something we can work out with Li
MARK SULLIVAN The other thing I
just wanted to call to attention is going to
be the use of the yard and the materials
used I mentioned some concern about noise
Ive spoken to Lianne you know certainly I
certainly dont think shes going to be
28
having the sorts of parties that previous
tenants have had Weve also have had a
break-in on our first floor which is why you
see grates on the window But you know
those were past days But because of the
way you know the buildings kind of create
this amplified almost noise effect Im
just -- Lianne said that theres going to be
maybe a crushed stone material used
GREGORY COLLING Yeah there will
be permeable surface back there and theres
one paved portion of the area thats closer
to the building
MARK SULLIVAN And then something
also I dont see in the plan I guess the
language thats used is the work will be --
will occur entirely within the footprint of
the building But in my view theres going
to be significant demolition and new
29
construction required in that yard area So
I wonder you know if theres a plan on how
long thats going to -- when that might
start How long that might go on What the
nature of that work might be Again thats
its literally right under our noses so I
would just like to understand what that might
look like
GREGORY COLLING Well again our
primary focus has been to get through the
Special Permit process and we developed a
plan Theres more work that needs to be
done to develop the landscape but we have a
proposal here that we brought to this meeting
and thats you know basically a schematic
plan for what we intend to do And Im sure
that you know we have we can work with you
if you have an issue with the hedge but I
think were again were improving the
30
space Were taking out that wood deck
thats rotted thats with the garbage cans
back there And were planning on creating a
nice space that I think youll be pleased
MARK SULLIVAN It will look a whole
lot better than it looks currently And
again the -- and so the other related issue
when I spoke with Lianne and I mentioned this
to you that this air conditioning unit
thats shown in the exterior that she did
say her plan is to move it under the stairs
but since that is not shown in this kind of
drawing you know I would have a great
interest in that occurring because of the
you know the noise that comes right up from
that fairly large unit and we hear it we
certainly hear it in our house And its
great that she says that she plans to do
that But I just wonder how that would be
31
kind of confirmed through the planning and
the iteration
HUGH RUSSELL We can do that We
can make that a condition of a permit
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
Will there be any air conditioning
units on the roof
GREGORY COLLING Not to my
knowledge
MARK SULLIVAN And is there any
outdoor lighting plan
GREGORY COLLING We havent
developed an outdoor lighting plan other than
to have recessed lights at the cantilevered
roofs Just two little spots that light and
demarcate the entrance to the building
MARK SULLIVAN Uh-huh
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh youve asked
our indulgence but I think we should proceed
32
on
HUGH RUSSELL Continue on
WILLIAM TIBBS And the conversation
youre having you can continue to have
and --
STEVEN WINTER And you should
WILLIAM TIBBS -- but we need to
get back on this
MARK SULLIVAN Great thank you
very much
HUGH RUSSELL Okay Does anyone
else wish to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I see no one
wanting to speak So now we will discuss
this proposal
STEVEN COHEN Well Ill start if
nobody else will Its currently a
non-conforming use a non-conforming
33
dimensionally in many respects And with the
changes I dont think any of the
non-conformities are being exacerbated In
many respects from the use to the open space
that the situation is being improved in
almost every aspect I think its a great
way to use this non-conforming structure and
I think its a great idea great proposal
and a great plan for this lot
HUGH RUSSELL Bill
WILLIAM TIBBS I guess I have a
question for the proponent You said that
the -- all the open space was going to be
used by the converted unit and so theres no
open space available for the existing two
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
Theres safe access on to the property for
the two rental units but the rear yard will
be private and dedicated to the proposed
34
residence
WILLIAM TIBBS And how is the open
space being used currently by those tenants
GREGORY COLLING It isnt Its
basically a trash storage area
WILLIAM TIBBS What about the wood
deck
GREGORY COLLING And the wood deck
to my knowledge I havent seen it used
WILLIAM TIBBS I mean what was its
purpose What were the users of the deck
Was it a commercial --
GREGORY COLLING Im not sure
WILLIAM TIBBS Was it commercial
use
SAM BENSLEY People would go out
there and have a drink and tenants in the
building
WILLIAM TIBBS The tenants --
35
HUGH RUSSELL Could you give us
your name please
SAME BENSLEY Sam Bensley
WILLIAM TIBBS Other than for me
the idea of the renovation makes sense Not
allowing the tenants who even though they
may not have used it that deck obviously was
there for their use to -- when you have we
typically like to see if there are units on
the property that all of the units there have
some benefit from the open space
GREGORY COLLING Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS Actually can I say
something My name is Chris Williams Im
Ms Bensleys brother
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS And I think I can
point out a couple of things Firs it that
there is a front yard to the two-unit
36
building Its very small And the leases
that weve written for both of the two
tenants do not include the yard at all They
only include the rental unit itself So
they dont even really have access to the
backyard They havent really used it as Sam
said And they dont use it now
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre saying that
the existing leases --
CHRIS WILLIAMS The existing leases
do not --
WILLIAM TIBBS -- theyre not
allowed to use --
CHRIS WILLIAMS They dont allow
them to use the yard The only lease is to
the actual unit itself and not to the yard
GREGORY COLLING Obviously privacy
having a private outdoor space is important
to the owner
37
WILLIAM TIBBS Its also important
to other people too
GREGORY COLLING Right
PAMELA WINTERS Yes
HUGH RUSSELL Its not completely
private because of Mr Sullivans house So
its a you know a semi-private space
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL One that I would
characterize most peoples yards in
Cambridge
GREGORY COLLING Semi-private
HUGH RUSSELL Yes You may control
who comes into it but many people look at
the open spaces
Steve
STEVEN WINTER The semi-private
concept is very nice I like that And it
really is living in a dense urban
38
environment Believe me theres going to be
interaction and contact between the people in
the windows and the people on the ground I
mean theres -- theyre neighbors and thats
going to happen so we want to make it the
best experience for all of them
I need clarification on the rooftop
mechanicals So I need for the proponent to
say clearly there are no rooftop mechanicals
or there are rooftop mechanicals and this is
what they are So thats simply something
that we need clarification on
And I -- I -- just because it was
brought up I think that we are going to need
clarification on the existing lease defining
the tenants access to the side yards Now
Im not sure what I would say if it didnt
say that but I think as long as its been
brought forward we just need to confirm
39
that I feel And if my colleagues feel
differently you know just tell me and I
realize Im being in a bad mood today or
whatever it is we can do that
And I think the lighting is also really
important to us And weve got a lot of
folks in the city who are concerned about the
lighting
Mr Chair is there a -- theres a
lighting plan that the proponent can provide
us right that shows where the lights are
and what directions they go that would assure
us and the neighbors that the lighting will
not interfere with their private spaces
HUGH RUSSELL Such a plan could be
prepared and shown to Mr Sullivan and it
could you know discuss it and come to an
understanding of what made sense and it can
be submitted to us or submitted as a
40
condition you know of the vote I think my
preference is since I dont hear you know
much opposition tonight there are details to
be worked out but the concept seems to be
acceptable So Id rather not you know
delay our approval by a month or six weeks
but Id like to have a process to make sure
that the details are worked out that
Mr Sullivan has consulted and has an
opportunity to discuss his matters with his
abutter And I think whats been represented
to us is that the outdoor space is more
diametric than the Zoning of the building and
its not surprising that we would do that
STEVEN WINTER Okay let me then --
let me take off the table confirming that the
leases -- to the tenant leases define whether
they can or cannot I think Im okay with
that And I concur Mr Chair with what you
41
had said but I do believe that we need to be
respectful of Mr Sullivans areas of
interest which are accessing the rear of his
house the height of the hedges the use of
the yard materials and its permeability that
are next to him and noise related
particularly the air conditioning unit I
think those are real concerns
GREGORY COLLING Sure
STEVEN WINTER I also agree this is
a great plan Its a wonderful use Its a
family that you know has been in Cambridge
for a long time and I think its -- and it
reuses a building in quite a nice way I
congratulate you on the design
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
STEVEN WINTER So yes I concur
And I wouldnt mind voting it appropriately
tonight to move it forward but I do want to
42
make sure that Mr Sullivan is taken care of
PAMELA WINTERS Could I just say
one thing I concur with what Steve just
said and particularly living so close to the
air conditioning that could be really
bothersome
GREGORY COLLING I understand
PAMELA WINTERS Yes And also the
height of the hedge just because Ive gone
through this myself you know this issue
myself You know do you have any idea as to
what kind of hedging or height you want to
put in there
GREGORY COLLING It would probably
be a hue thats shoulder height
PAMELA WINTERS Hues are great
And hues grow to be eight feet tall and
theyre inexpensive So that might be a good
choice
43
And I dont have any trouble with the
tandem parking so I just wanted to mention
that too
And also I think its important for the
abutter to get into you know if he has to
have some roofing done or something done on
the side of his house its important for him
to get into that little area
GREGORY COLLING Im sure that Li
would be amenable to working with Mark on
that
PAMELA WINTERS Great Okay
HUGH RUSSELL Its a practical
matter if its only the width between
Mr Sullivans house and the hedge it
appears to me the width of a kitchen counter
So its about two feet You cant actually
put a ladder up against the house in two
feet so theyre going to have to work
44
together And you know when I trim my
wisteria I put my ladder on my next-door
neighbors property and you know sometimes
I ask her and sometimes I assume the
permission thats been granted in the past
carries over You know if hes planning to
do some work it might be smart to maybe not
plant the hedge until the work is done if
that you know if that can be worked out as
an arrangement
GREGORY COLLING Well typically
the landscape work is the last piece thats
done so that might be something that we can
work out I think -- I wasnt aware that
Mark had a concern about the location of the
condenser and were certainly more than happy
to work with him and address any of his
concerns And Im sure Li you know shes a
great neighbor and I think that shed be more
45
than happy to address any of Marks concerns
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I propose that
we attach a condition that the air
conditioner be you know removed at some
distance from the property line
PAMELA WINTERS I agree
HUGH RUSSELL A distance maybe
being a width of the L on the half house
STEVEN COHEN If I could add one
comment about that condenser Frankly if
its a loud condenser moving it even that
distance isnt going to make an enormous
amount of difference I think the real key
to the condenser is not as much the location
but getting a quiet condenser And Im not
quite sure what the Cambridge noise ordinance
says about the noise level of condenser but
theyre available extremely quiet nowadays
and I dont know that its within our
46
jurisdiction to actually specify the decibel
level here But I think under the
circumstances and just being a good neighbor
with a fellow whos already expressed a
concern about it I think you would be well
advised to find an extremely quiet condenser
They cost a few bucks more but not a whole
lot more and it would make a world of
difference
As for the property line it is what it
is It is where it is Theres nothing we
can do to change that And frankly if the
tenants under the leases have rights to
outdoor space theres nothing that we can do
here to in any way compromise their rights
under those leases But maybe we can
encourage to do something about the noise
from the condenser
GREGORY COLLING I think thats
47
something thats -- that we certainly can
work with Mark on
STEVEN WINTER May I remind the
Chair just to be a timekeeper we are at
eight oclock We are at ten till eight and
just to remind the Chair that we are working
hard to stay on the schedule
HUGH RUSSELL So we can dilly
dally around for six minutes because
otherwise well have to take another break
But Ahmed did you want to say
something
AHMED NUR Okay I think most of
the points have been covered by my colleagues
definitely for the approval of this
renovation One concern that I share with --
and I think a lot of people said the same
thing but Im concerned with Mark Sullivans
case The rear of the house Im assuming
48
the shrubs the houses are too close So
wherever the property line might be for the
surveyors I mean trees outgrow and you dont
want to cover (inaudible) And obviously by
rule hes going to come down to chop it
Its his right to do that
GREGORY COLLING Right Theres an
access alley for servicing the facade of that
house on the property Theres about a three
foot path against the house
AHMED NUR And also I cant really
see whether that facade where the shrubs are
where the east or southern sun and if its
going to be eight foot tall it might block or
overshadow his kitchen or whatever it is near
the rear of the house
GREGORY COLLING I dont think the
hedge was planned to be eight feet
AHMED NUR Okay
49
MARK SULLIVAN May I speak
AHMED NUR Mark wants to speak
MARK SULLIVAN Just to make a
comment clear Im not interested in an eight
foot hedge either because I think the space
will look quite nice And as you folks have
summarized you know our concerns are
primarily noise some of which we can easily
work out with Lianne and some is mechanical
To be able to borrow an improved view would
be nice
HUGH RUSSELL Ready to act on this
Would someone like to put forward the motion
referring to the application for the specific
relief sought
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair Id like
to -- and fellow Board Members Id like to
make a motion that the application for a
Special Permit to convert a non-residential
50
structure to residential use to reduce the
amount of required parking and to occupy the
lot with more dwelling units than would be
allowed dimensionally The conventional C
Zoning District dimensional regulations be
allowed based on the findings of this Board
and also on conditions as discussed by this
Board Im not sure what they are at the
moment specifically but relating
specifically to conversations that he will
have with his immediate abutter relating to
concerns about lighting and sound and
landscaping details And maintenance access
rights over the property Thats the motion
BRIAN MURPHY So moved
H THEODORE COHEN Second
HUGH RUSSELL I heard Teds second
first
Is there discussion on the motion
51
All those in favor of the motion
(Raising hands)
HUGH RUSSELL All members voting in
favor And thats it
Thank you for a very clear presentation
and a great architectural job
GREGORY COLLING Thank you very
much
(A short recess was taken)
HUGH RUSSELL All right we can
begin now on the next item on the agenda
which is a discussion of a recommendation on
the Teague Petition on light trespass And
we had a public hearing and before we made
comments those comments were referred to the
staff And Jeff Roberts and other people on
the staff have thought about those and come
back with a written response to what we
brought to them So I think what wed like
52
to do is start with Jeff presenting the work
that hes done and the thinking and the
rationale behind it Then well ask
Mr Teague to respond to that and then we
will decide what were going to say to the
Council
So please proceed
JEFF ROBERTS Thank you Mr Chair
Jeff Roberts CDD
I just wanted to briefly go over mostly
just the proposed modifications which are in
the package that we sent to the Board It
starts following the text of the draft
recommendation On the text of the draft
recommendation itself is as we tend to do
sometimes we take the Boards comments and
form it into a draft recommendation And
certainly were all open to hearing the
Boards comments and suggestions about
53
revisions that we can then take back and
modify as the Board wishes But I wanted to
take a moment to go over some of the proposed
text that comes after -- the Zoning text that
comes after that in order to address some of
the questions because some questions have
come up since this came out We wanted to
try to address those right off the bat
In general the intent of the proposed
modifications is to retain the same overall
scope as the petition and to create some
clearer standards that rely less on
discretionary enforcement That was an issue
that the Planning Board raised at the last
hearing But one of the considerations that
we have is to keep within the scope of the
initial petition and not to deviate largely
from that scope which would require a
possible re-advertisement of the petition
54
The one particular issue thats come up
that we have -- I feel that we maybe havent
addressed fully is the question of how this
applies to existing lighting And this is
a -- this is an issue thats covered broadly
in Zoning by the state laws that enable
Municipal Zoning Rules and this comes from
Chapter 40A Section 6 of the state laws
which says -- and Im skipping a little bit
but basically says A Zoning Ordinance or
by-law shall not apply to structures or uses
lawfully in existence or lawfully begun but
shall -- before that Zoning change was
adopted but shall apply to any change or
substantial extension of such use to any
reconstruction extension or structural
change of such structure and to any
alteration of a structure to provide for its
use for a substantially different purpose or
55
for the same purpose in a substantially
different manner that was substantially
greater extent And thats the overall
framework within which the Zoning Ordinance
is written
In Cambridge the Zoning Ordinance we
also have Article 8 which is a which is a
general set of standards on non-conformity
which starts with that state law provision
and adds some other instances where for one
reason or another the City allows
non-conforming structures or non-conforming
uses to continue in certain specific ways
So based on this overall framework
its our understanding that whether the
original petition language were put forward
or in the case of the modified language it
would apply to new buildings new uses and
significant alterations that -- to buildings
56
or to lighting and would not compel existing
property owners who installed their lighting
you know in a way that was legal at the
time before this petition was advertised
would not compel them to change their
lighting or to take down any existing
fixtures
In fact the proposed text is meant to
clarify that the non-conformity rules
wouldnt necessarily apply to maintain an
existing non-conforming lighting light when
you do when you do significant alterations
to a building So its meant to clarify that
any change you make to a building to a use
or to the lighting on a building has to be
brought into conformance with what the new
regulations are
So thats just one overall piece And
then Id like to just take a quick step
57
through some of the -- what the provisions
actually are And it says it says Page 1
of 6 where it starts but its several pages
into the document Im sorry about the page
numbering
The first page covers the definitions
which are included thats included in the
original petition There are some small
changes for clarity and directness of
application Some additions borrowed
from other -- which weve borrowed a little
bit by looking at other Ordinances that had
been actually brought up at the public
hearings and Ive spent a little bit of time
looking through those and comparing the
standards that are proposed with standards
that are in existence in some other places
and some that might have been held up as
models And in particular thats the
58
standards having to do with the illuminance
rating and the illuminance and that factors
in later on So Ill just skip ahead with
that
On page 2 the applicability again
makes it clear where were enforcing these
standards which would be really any in any
instance where Zoning rules do apply And we
included some exceptions in response to the
Planning Boards comment about will this be
possibly too extensive or have unintended
consequences Some of these exceptions are
present in the original petition Some have
been added For instance in A where it
talks about city lighting thats a provision
thats suggested to make sure that the City
essentially doesnt get in its own way For
instance if there was a situation in a
public park where the neighbors were
59
concerned about safety and made a request to
the City to increase lighting the Citys
hands wouldnt then be tied by its own
Ordinance to be able to respond to that kind
of a public concern
Indoor lighting is included because I
think that in most other Ordinances the
illumination standards do specify outdoor
lighting Indoor lighting can be very
difficult to enforce If somebody put a lamp
in their window would you then have to take
a Zoning enforcement action Its a
difficult scenario in which to try to apply a
Zoning enforcement
And the abandon new provision was
actually one that was taken from -- which is
on page 3 I believe was taken -- it was a
suggestion thats included from other
Ordinances again to try to to the extent
60
possible facilitate the replacement of old
non-conforming fixtures with with newer
conforming fixtures and not to allow people
to use the fact that the light hasnt been --
its been sort of not on for a long time to
then do something that might not otherwise be
in conformance
The rest of page 3 makes it makes a
change in the language on the regulation to
clarify that whats being regulated are the
things that cause the light rather than light
itself thats being regulated It is more
straightforward in my opinion to regulate
physical fixtures and structures in a way
that can be directly observed and enforced
The overall regulation remains based on the
sort of the principle that was described by
the petitioner which is that you can
visually verify whether a light is -- is in
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conformance or potentially not in
conformance And I think it was the Boards
suggestion that perhaps there could be a
recourse that then a property owner could
either then fix the problem or could provide
some evidence that the light actually is in
conformance with what those specific
standards are
We did I should note on again that
the burden really would be on the installer
And under B I think as well as A and C on
that page we can you know we can add the
text that the installer has demonstrated I
think that would be your reasonable standard
that was just as a clerical matter It was
just left out of the text
The -- there was a comment that about
the half a foot candle 05 foot candles and
in terms of whether that was a too high a
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standard There are other -- there are
actually a range of standards that are used
in many other Ordinances They have
different standards that apply to different
zones and different districts and to be
consistent with the petition were trying to
figure out something that could apply
citywide So 05 may be you know may be on
the high end Other cities use 035 02
01 or sometimes as low as 005 but that
tends to be again where theres a
separation between residential districts and
non-residential districts And we can look
at that a little more or talk about that a
little more
And then I just wanted to make a
comment too because this was brought up in
723 thats retaining the existing text in
the Zoning I think there may have been some
63
confusion as to whether that is meant to
imply that this continues to only apply only
in Residence A B C and C1 districts which
is not the case The new regulations would
apply citywide If there was concern about
these regulations and whether or not they
would apply to other districts such as
Residence C-2 we could add Residence C-2 to
that list as an amendment to that text but
the petition didnt actually amend that text
so we left it we left it as is
Another consideration is to say that
the new regulation supersedes the old
regulation and maybe theres no need to have
it at all and it could be deleted
The next page on page 4 is -- it talks
about enforcement And this is again based
on the -- its the sort of core of the
petition that this should be a
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complaint-driven enforcement There is a
general provision Article 9 of the Zoning
for a person to to request a Zoning
enforcement and this is just a way to
provide some more detail to that process
where in this particular case were looking
at this as a special case there would be a
process of recording a specific item and then
having the owner have a chance to respond and
then at that point being able to move forward
with other avenues of Zoning enforcement just
to provide opportunities where these issues
can be resolved in a straight forward manner
There is one note one comment that was
made to me that it says in 7242 the owner
of any property intends and it actually is
true that in the Zoning its not necessarily
a property owner but any aggrieved person
So it could be a renter who could file that
65
kind of complaint So that would be a
recommended change to this That is to say
instead of the owner of any property just any
individual could make that request
The rest of it is very similar to the
petition We did add one note that says that
just to -- I guess a clarifying note and
its on page 6 where the -- they talk about
parking regulations that the lighting must
conform to the requirements of Article 7
Again just to kind of button things up And
there was a question also that was raised
about I think outside of this it wasnt in
the petition but whether one foot -- what is
one foot candle be the appropriate standard
recommended standard for a parking lot And
its a question thats difficult to answer
but it it may be worth the Citys
consideration at some point --
66
HUGH RUSSELL When we do parking
lots half a free candle is the lowest level
You look at -- because the light is much
brighter under the luminaire theres a
minimum number and theres a ratio between
the brightest and the least bright portion
because of that ratio gets very high the eye
adjusts and so you have to keep that range
down But for that reason I would think
spilling a half a foot candle on somebody
elses property which is a reasonable
standard for a parking lot would be an
unreasonable spill standard And I think we
should not be allowed to spill as much light
as would allow your next-door neighbor to
have in a parking lot So maybe it should
be you know substantially lower and maybe a
02 setting you know And it certainly
worked under Ordinances where its 01 but
67
youre in more suburban locations where its
more easy to achieve that
MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE Can you
turn the volume up on the microphone so we
can hear you better
HUGH RUSSELL Ill try to move
closer to the microphone You werent here
earlier when we were having the feedback
problems Im hoping we can go back to our
regular meeting room sooner rather than later
where its a little bit easier there
So sorry Jeff I interrupted you
JEFF ROBERTS Thats fine
I think thats actually a good point
to you know in order for me to stop and to
let the Board ask questions or respond
HUGH RUSSELL So I guess my
question is based on the public testimony
many people came in and they said theres
68
this awful wall pack that somebody put up a
while ago and its really annoying And what
Im hearing you say is that because of the
way that the Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning
enabling network we cant we cant solve
that problem Is there a way to solve that
through the municipal lighting or should we
recommend to the Council that they pursue
that question Because to me its you know
having been the victim of wall packs in the
past and I got my neighbor to do a pretty
good job of fixing it eventually but I --
personally Im aware of that and I think we
heard this testimony And so is -- how do
you -- is it possible to deal with that if
you cant do it in Zoning some other way
JEFF ROBERTS Well Im not -- I
have to admit first that Im not an expert on
non-zoning legal matters but I can tell you
69
what Ive found in you know in just my
reading
Well first of all there is a
Municipal Code which is separate from the
Zoning Ordinance which doesnt it is not
established under Chapter 40-A but does
still have to adhere to any superseding state
laws or regulations so And again Im
not well enough versed in that to give
specific answers I -- but for you know
there is an examine in Cambridge for
example where you can look at the noise
ordinance in Cambridge where that is part of
the Zoning Code and its not part of the
Zoning Ordinance and its treated and
enforced in a you know different mechanism
I do know that because it was
recommended by the Board to look at other
examples that we have looked at Newtons
70
Newton Mass Code and they do have
requirements in their Zoning that apply to
you know new development new lighting but
they also have a light trespass provision
within their Ordinance on I believe its
miscellaneous finds and offenses that
discusses the amount of light trespass thats
allowed on an adjacent property And I
cant I cant say because I dont have any
firsthand examples whether thats been used
to enforce enforce an Ordinance on a
situation that was pre-existing I just
got -- actually I just got through one of
their former plans They had experience of
reviewing it through site plan review for
Zoning and making sure the lighting is
conforming that way but not whether there was
enforcement done in a different way
HUGH RUSSELL Do we have other
71
questions for Jeff
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
Jeff I think you did a great job The staff
did a great job And first Ill go back to
the last issue which is I would make a
recommendation or suggestion to City Council
or the staff that somebody ask the Law
Department because I think it is indeed a
problem under the Zoning Enabling Act to try
to deal with pre-existing non-conforming uses
or structures and that whether one could as
an analog to the noise ordinance adopt a
light ordinance at the site of Zoning which
might be immediately applicable to existing
uses
I -- the first question I have is in
your Section 723 where theres the
reference at the very end Proposed addition
shall conform to the requirements of Section
72
722 above
Is that intended to bring in the as
written currently not exceed one half foot
candle at any point beyond the property line
JEFF ROBERTS Yes That added
language I would characterize it as sort of
a buttoning up Just to make it clear that
723 doesnt supersede 722 but rather that
this is a sort of an additional set of -- and
it remains as additional set of standards and
requirements that -- but that 722 also
applies with regard to the shielding and the
spill --
H THEODORE COHEN Right right I
just wanted it to be clear in my mind that if
there were some spill under 723 but it did
not exceed the half foot candle or whatever
standard was ultimately agreed upon that
that would be okay
73
JEFF ROBERTS I -- as long as it --
yes if it meets all -- if it meets all the
standards If its only -- if it is
continuous and of indirect note and other
definitions but if its -- if it prevents
direct light from any other property and
shall conform -- oh Im sorry now I
understand what youre asking
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not view --
JEFF ROBERTS 723 supersedes 722
Well that may be that may be a concern I
guess if it is -- if that if that language
creates ambiguity --
H THEODORE COHEN Let me rephrase
it
JEFF ROBERTS Yes
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not -- in going after the people who
74
we really want to go after we are not making
every property owner every house owner who
has got a house you know with a light two
feet from their abutting property owners
property line is not going to be in violation
of this if it complies with whatever minimal
standard has been written into the Ordinance
And so as I read 722 if it wasnt more than
05 foot candle if you know that was okay
and I wanted to be clear that under 723 the
same standard would apply
JEFF ROBERTS Yes I would say that
is the intent But I think youve noted
something that could potentially being
resolved an ambiguity that could be resolved
by the text
H THEODORE COHEN Okay I dont
have the you know the knowledge or
background to say what the right level is
75
Ill have to take you know Hughs or
staffs determination of what is the proper
level
The comment you made on 7242
changing owner of any property to an
individual gives me some discomfort because
the way its been written now it relates as
you know a lot of Special Permits or Zoning
enforcement relates to aggrieved party within
300 feet or abutters to abutters and just
changing it to an individual is not tieing it
to some particular location And so I would
ask that you think about that again if you
want to go away from the owner of a property
that it somehow -- I mean I mean we dont
-- we want people who have a legitimate right
to be able to complain about it but not
necessarily someone whos a half mile away
saying oh I dont like the way that light
76
looks when I drive by So I would just be
careful about that
I had been concerned about the
overreach of everything under the original
language And I still am concerned about the
fact that if you can see it it can be deemed
a violation but I think the provision youve
written in here in 7242 ameliorates my
concerns a lot that there is this whole
process so that were not going to have
frivolous complaints being made or complaints
that you know neighbors versus neighbors
who just happen to be right next to each
other and saying well you know your porch
light is too bright because I can see it So
Im much more comfortable with that
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have a
comment and a question Jeff and I also
wanted to compliment you on how carefully you
77
listened and how much better this is since
the last time we saw it I think its worth
emphasis that the issue of standing which is
sort of cemented in the law of Zoning really
be more carefully articulated here I too
am uncomfortable about straining from that
issue Its abutters and abutters to
abutters and the 300-foot radius is I think
what I would be looking for in terms of
aggrieved parties as a definition But the
thing that Im missing the most I think
from a nearly perfect redrafted section here
and looking at the Section 641 at the end
which is entitled Purpose made me think
that I was missing that in the illumination
section sort of just a general couple of
sentences at the beginning to say why are we
concerned about this in the city of
Cambridge And obviously were concerned
78
about the spilling of light on to adjacent
properties and the effect it might have on
the ability of those adjacent property owners
to enjoy their property And I think its
another thing missing And its interesting
that this diagram is up here on the screen
because the aggrieved party is gesturing at
the ground and looking at his neighbor But
actually theres another condition that the
section of the Ordinance could address which
is which is the night sky And I think that
thats another purpose of this Ordinance
which is to control the effective light
spilling up into the night sky which is an
issue of environmental concern increasingly
in this country and I think Cambridge should
take credit for and also highlight its
concern about the issue that light should not
unnecessarily spill into the night sky So I
79
really think the Ordinance and the diagram on
the right of the screen shows in fact the
lighting fixture thats doing both of those
things and thats correctly I think what we
should be concerned about And thank you
just two minor points
Thanks Jeff
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Well
first I want to say you talking about the
Rule of 40-A and the non-conforming
structures I think because this has come to
us from people who are dealing with this
problem now I would really like to see
included in your memo and the language that
you very carefully drafted with some changes
that my fellow board members that I think
articulated well Id like to see in our
memo a recommendation that City Council
really take up the approach that you
80
described Newton has which is that the
two-pronged approach The General Ordinance
to deal with the problem that is there now
where one property owner is creating a
nuisance for the other property owner so that
they can get some relief from existing
things but also that going forward we would
have that ongoing review and pro-active
dealing with this so that we dont create
those situations in the future
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes go ahead
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to agree
wholeheartedly with what you just said and
also I want to agree that I think we -- the
changes that you made to this from my
perspective are an improvement And I think
you hit upon a lot of the core issues that we
were concerned about The problem I think
81
that you have what you stated was within the
confines of a Zoning Petition You can only
change so much before it becomes something
else And I guess my recommendation would be
that the -- we actually look at with a
non-conforming piece it just -- its great
for new stuff but it doesnt do anything
about the current situation and I think
there may be some better mechanisms
So my recommendation would be that the
City really take this on but it actually
become a petition from -- that we work on to
get it right That would then you remember
at the first hearing I commented about the
fact that we probably -- it would be good to
have a consultant to help us with things half
of a lit candle versus something else And
if you had a city process where youre trying
to solve that you can do that So I think
82
as I said I think what this petition is
trying to do is very very good but Zoning
is always a proved mechanism to do it And I
am a little concerned Specifically I think
there is a -- Im concerned about what
constitutes a change Were talking about a
fixture versus a building so that -- and you
have the license that says if its new
construction yes But if youre altering or
changing it but what if you alter or change
the light fixture I mean that gets -- that
definition to me gets very unclear If a
light fixture is one light to the left and
they want to change it is that a change To
me it gets a little confusing The initial
standing I would agree also is the fact it
has to be and we just cant have people who
are renting and stuff like that this could
be a nightmare And I guess Im very
83
concerned about the the Section 2-point -- I
mean 7242 which is really the enforcement
piece And I think you will get a lot of
frivolous complaints They may not be
frivolous in the mind of the person
complaining but it may turn out to the
frivolous And even if it isnt frivolous
Im just concerned that it may get a lot I
mean the poor superintendent of buildings is
just going to get a lot of this stuff And
you know you get a complaint you have to
determine that the complaints valid Im
just concerned about that So I think you
know Municipal Code andor Zoning
combination just has a better approach to me
to solving as opposed to trying to just doing
it all
And thats all
PAMELA WINTERS Thanks Hugh
84
Is this on Im just curious I dont
know what a foot candle is How many watts
like for a bulb is it
JEFF ROBERTS Thats hard to say
So Ill try to do this in very laymens
terms Theres -- in lighting theres such
thing as theres luminance and then theres
illuminance And luminance is like your
bulb So if you have a 60-watt light bulb
thats -- I think somewhere around to
determine like 850 900 luminance which is
the -- because wattage is always different
depending on what kind of light you have
You measure the brightness of the light in
luminance and thats just the point source
of light
Illuminance means how much light youre
casting on something thats away So what --
the light that just that bulb is casting on
85
the floor or the wall is called illuminance
And its measured in -- foot candles are kind
of a weird unit I actually dont know how
it came about but its also I believe
equivalent to luminance per square foot So
its like imagining a light sort of creating
a wash over over a surface So its really
the intensity of the light spread over a
surface that its that its shining on So
you basically measure it and you use whats
called a lux meter You cant measure it if
you have sort of a room where you can just
turn on one light source you can hold up a
lux meter and get a reading on what the
illuminance is thats being a -- what that
means is that the further you get away from
the light source the illuminance or the foot
candles goes down And I should say too
and this could be a technical point that was
86
made to me and addressed to me that the
illuminance is generally as a technical
standard is measured horizontally against the
ground and vertically on a you know sort of
up and down direction And that could be
also clarified in the Zoning I think as a
technical point just to make sure its
consistent with what the professional
standards are
PAMELA WINTERS Well I was just a
little bit concerned about 723 because I
know in our house we have a driveway that the
front unit uses and we do too And also we
have our back unit And if we didnt have
the lighting up there we have sort of a
two-pronged lighting fixture one which goes
to the driveway and one which goes into
behind the gate in our backyard It would
it would really it would be pitch black
87
there and it would cause real security
issues But again its like we use --
like I dont know 50-watt bulbs so I dont
know what candle measurement would be but
you know we do try to you know we shine it
on those particular areas But Im sure some
of it you know does get reflected to some
of the neighbor -- I dont know
You know we also have an arbor and we
would put up Christmas lights around the
arbor all year actually and so -- we also
have plighting in the trees in our yard
HUGH RUSSELL Night sky
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah -- no no no
because the trees block the you know just
the trees block the --
STEVEN COHEN Youre going to jail
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah maybe I
shouldnt have said anything Anyway so I
88
guess I have an issue about that So I dont
know do you have any comments on that
JEFF ROBERTS No I mean I
think --
STEVEN COHEN Walk away
JEFF ROBERTS Youve done a good
job of I think illustrating the complexity of
enforcing these regulations in a way
thats --
PAMELA WINTERS I know
JEFF ROBERTS -- this sets you
know a clear set of standards and is as a
complaint-driven enforcement mechanism So
if you went up and uninstalled that light and
if you were you know installing that you
know whatever after the Zoning was
advertised and someone had a complaint with
it they would hopefully come to you first
and see if you could redirect it and you
89
know kind of give you their permission that
its okay But if not they could you know
they could -- if your light was not you
know shielded as its been described and
pointed downwards they could take a photo of
it send it to the Building Commissioner and
they could then they could ask you to verify
that your lighting is within the acceptable
parameters
PAMELA WINTERS Poor Building
Commissioner Boy Anyway go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Steve you want to
go
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair may I
speak
HUGH RUSSELL Go ahead
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
Mr Chair I simply wanted to concur that
with the general direction that the
90
conversation is going I concur with my
colleagues And I also would like to echo
the sentiment that the presentation of the
Zoning and the side bar Jeff the
explanations in them have made this a really
good exercise Jeff thank you for that
HUGH RUSSELL Id like to comment
that first several board members havent
spoken yet and secondly we have the
proponent of the original petition before us
who has studied the subject and studied the
proposal before us and I think we need to
listen to him And we have other members of
the public here And since theres something
substantially different in our
recommendation we need to listen to them
So I think Steve and Ahmed and I have
some comments too
STEVEN COHEN Jeff to the extent
91
that this is technical I dont have the
technical experience or knowledge to second
guess you And you seem to have made
yourself an expert in this area of lighting
over the passed few months But in general
on technical matters Im very much inclined
to defer to the analysis and research and
thought and efforts by you and the staff So
I think that youve done great on that The
thing to me thats most interesting and just
understand most important is this whole
question of non-conformity To the extent
that all of this is just prospective I think
it works reasonably well from every
perspective and including from an enforcement
perspective Its the non-conformities I
just want to ask you a little bit more about
first of all just under 40A6 as
interpreted as applied here what sort of
92
changes would would bring a fixture out of a
legal non-conforming status Clearly
replacing the fixture its got to be brought
up to Code If youre making changes
alterations to the structure other than the
fixture does that at any point trigger a
requirement
JEFF ROBERTS Well it could And
thats the way weve essentially written it
to try to be as encompassing in scope as
possible to not provide any kind of
non-conformity exceptions that would allow
someone whos making an alteration that
requires a Building Permit or even an
Electrical Permit to install to install new
lighting To utilize the non-conformity
rules to be able to leave something up
thats not conforming
STEVEN COHEN So Im not sure Im
93
understanding what youre saying So if
somebodys making a substantial change and --
but it doesnt involve the fixture are you
saying they do have to bring it into
conformity
JEFF ROBERTS If we -- in the
proposal that weve written --
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS -- and we have
specified that And if you do specify that
you can require that a property owner do
that
STEVEN COHEN And as youve
proposed it here what is the trigger point
I mean what is the extent of change that
would trigger the requirement
JEFF ROBERTS It would essentially
be that if youre it would be -- at least
the enforcement path would be you need to get
94
a permit for -- from Inspectional Services
to to make an alteration to the building or
to change the use of the building in a way
that it falls within that definition of where
Zoning regulations can apply And thats
and theres -- and its sort of laid out in
Article 8 of the Zoning It says that any
alteration to the exterior of the structure
any alteration of the structure to
accommodate a different use substantially
different use than whats there at the time
and any enlargement of a use those are
those are the types of things or any
enlargement of a building those are the
types of things that you then have to if you
do that you have to comply with Zoning
STEVEN COHEN So bear with me I
wanted to work through this a little bit If
Im adding an addition to my house then my
95
lighting must -- all of the lighting must
comply If Im adding a window to my
existing house do I have to bring lighting
into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS If its just a
replacement of an existing window
STEVEN COHEN Say Im enlarging an
opening or adding a new window
JEFF ROBERTS Right Then that
would trigger a Zoning review for Zoning
compliance --
STEVEN COHEN So it has to be
brought into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS Right So thats the
way its currently written again to try to
maintain the expansiveness and the scope of
the petition thats been proposed But the
Zoning could specify could be more specific
about where you do and where you dont
96
require that lighting be brought into
conformance with the Zoning Code
STEVEN COHEN I mean obviously
youve put some thought into this and this is
what youre recommending Do you have any
concern that that might be an overly broad
requirement basically anybody doing anything
with their house other than painting or
repairs theyre going to have to bring all
their lighting into compliance Its more
than grandfathering everything Its not as
much as the proponents originally wished for
which is apply everywhere today I mean
whats your thought Do you see -- do you
have any concerns about this or are you
pretty comfortable and confident about that
recommendation
JEFF ROBERTS I would say that
there are concerns about that Its
97
generally more strict than in other aspects
of Zoning where you may be allowed to
maintain an existing non-conformity as long
as the work -- thats sort of what I meant
when I referred to Article 8 Article 8 has
certain rules that say that you can if you
do some work that doesnt affect an existing
non-conformity then you can sort of keep
that non-conformity And the question is
really whats the desired outcome Is it to
just allow lighting to be replaced with
better lighting during the -- you know
during the natural course of its life Is
it you know burns out or no longer
functional or when youre -- or just when
youre building new buildings Or is it to
try as quickly as possible to bring as much
lighting as possible into conformance with
whats with whats desired
98
And I guess I can try to characterize
who because Ive had conversations with the
Building Commissioner the Superintendent
about what the what the impact is going to
be in terms of enforcement and it does
require some more strict requirements for
someone whos for instance you know just
changing the use of a building If they have
an office building and theyre putting in a
restaurant and they dont really want to
touch the outside of the building
Inspectional Services would still demand that
they show a lighting plan with all of their
existing lighting And if it doesnt
conform then show a plan that you know pay
whatever it costs to bring it into
compliance
STEVEN COHEN Just a couple more
quick questions
99
Again on the question of
non-conformity you know it struck me that
you know while some people might consider to
be onerous to have -- to bring all the
lighting up to compliance that maybe there
might be some basis for distinction between
commercial and residential uses And even
with residential perhaps between you know
multi-unit and structures and say three
families or smaller just a thought about
that possible distinction
And I guess one final thought unless
Im mistaken if my memory serves me
correctly the sign code and the sign
ordinance which I think is part of the
Zoning my recollection is that there is
there was something in there when it was
originally passed essentially a sunset type
law that for certain kinds of non-conforming
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signs they were permitted to remain in
existence but only for a limited period of
time I dont know how that slipped under
40A unless maybe the sign ordinance deemed to
be non-zoning or under the police power or
something but it if Im right in my
recollection it might offer another avenue
for thought in the way of dealing with
non-conforming uses
WILLIAM TIBBS Can I just real
quick just as a follow up to just what you
were just saying I just -- I just want to I
guess you remind us that process-wise the
petitioner made a petition we made comments
and Jeff was trying to write stuff relative
to our comments I didnt want you to feel
that Jeff was making a recommendation back to
us Hes just making recommendations and to
us -- hes just trying to get some writing
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which reflects what he thought he was hearing
which I thought he did a very good job of
This isnt a proposal from the City to us
Its really a proposal as to how to change
the language within the parameters of the
permit process
STEVEN COHEN I see
WILLIAM TIBBS He has limits to
what he can do
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Thank you
Jeff you dont have to answer these
right now but I just want you to basically
give it a thought or maybe consider if its
not I really couldnt find the language but
I was wondering about lights and dynamics in
motion Such as the city grows in night with
cyclists that we have all these flashing
lights that are head on with cars and we
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have the City of Cambridge -- we had the City
had after market head lamps you know you
see one thats manufactured correctly thats
illuminating beautifully and youll see a
tiny light of maybe even like a one foot
candle you know combination and also facing
the wrong way kind of blinding people so on
and so forth so I just thought of have you
thought about with traffic Thats one
And second comment that I wanted to
make is as engineers when we build buildings
we tend to have lights blend in with the
indoor or outdoor environment You know for
example if we were to put up a tile in a
sonar or something we would put the lighting
in first and then put the tile in so then we
can see the shadow it produces on the tile
You know as opposed to installing the tile
first and then putting the light in So
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have you considered or will you consider the
architectural impact the lights might have on
an environment How hot it is in there
What type of material it is And is it
bundled material if the lights are shining on
a bundled material produce a shadow you
know type
Thats all
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I have four
comments I think its important that we not
restrict the complaint process to owners of
property because if youre a tenant in say
a multi-family building and youre aggrieved
because somebody -- you may be impossible to
convince the owner of your apartment building
to bring a complaint and there could be many
reasons why the owner might not
I think you mentioned the abutters and
abutters to abutters in Cambridge but maybe
104
expanding that to allow people who are at
least tenants to also bring those complaints
Historical note dark sky The largest
telescope in the world was located in
Cambridge Massachusetts in about 1855 And
that instrument is still in Cambridge
although its utilities have been somewhat
diminished both because its only 15 inches
in diameter and secondly the parking lot
lights around the observatory cut off three
magnitudes of what they can see through it
and the night sky I think we should
recommend the City in its consideration of
light trespass really need to hire experts
And I mean uses have repeatedly that think
the CE Department has the technical expertise
to really get the fine grain I think we do
not have that expertise and thats just
going to have to be part of the process And
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I wouldnt want to hold up the enactment of
the Zoning piece but it might be that well
come back and say no youve got to make some
small adjustments to the Zoning in the
context of the other one We can do that
Fourth point is what triggers the
clients And I want to remind people of the
yellow sheet that we now get In order to do
almost anything to a house in the city
because almost every house is non-conforming
the exterior of the house has to go before
the Zoning Board and so you might want to
write in that when you make the trip to the
Zoning Board youve also got to demonstrate
that youre lighting
Changing light fixtures in the context
of a renovation plan isnt the huge part of
the plan but it might have a big impact on
the results to some of the people And if
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the Zoning Board was also looking at that
these questions and asking those questions
during their reviews we might get some more
places where we -- that would be in effect
H THEODORE COHEN Just one
clarifying Jeff Im sorry In 723
theres a reference any permanent lighting
permitted by the pre-exempt shall be shall be
continuous and direct etcetera etcetera
Many of us have outdoor lighting for
driveways and porches that are on motion
detectors so that theyre only on when
somebody is entering or leaving is that
does the word continuous mean that things
like that would not be permitted
JEFF ROBERTS That was a question
that crossed my mind as well but not really
something that was included in the scope of
the petition so I didnt I didnt look into
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that very closely to see how they enforce it
I dont believe that a motion sensor light is
considered a non-continuous light I think a
non-continuous light refers to flashing or
strobe I guess
HUGH RUSSELL You mentioned at some
point that possibly 723 (inaudible) is one
provision in it that it talks about the
decorative lighting that might be added in
the 722 list of things of exceptions And
as I think if -- we had several discussions
about what how do these two things work
together and youre thinking I think that
you could probably just delete 723 so that
that confusion didnt come up And take
whatevers in it that isnt in the rest of it
and put it in the rest
Okay if we are complete with our
comments Id like Mr Teague to critique us
108
CHARLES TEAGUE You dont really
want me to critique you
WILLIAM TIBBS Sure Briefly
critique us
CHARLES TEAGUE Im on the ten
minute clock here Charles Teague 23
Edmunds Street and you have caught me out
This was a Band-Aid This was going to be a
quick thing despite and despite being a
quick thing by attorneys engineers
architects lighting experts so you know
it looks trivial to small amount of changes
but it was subtle The last time we were
here there was a question of as why you could
see the light elements on the pitches of good
lights And thats because you can see the
elements on the pitches of good light if
youre standing where the light is supposed
to be and you cant see it where light is not
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supposed to be And so and yes all your
discussion about -- so I spent an hour on the
phone with the firm who is the town the
towns -- the solicitors for the town of
Ashland reviewed their sunset clauses Its
a Municipal Code And yes the proper
lighting ordinance is in the Municipal Code
Everybody stuffs it in the Zoning where you
run into the grandfathering problem So once
you get out you can do the sunset clauses
you can expire something after ten years
And he showed me the examples on the signs
And so yeah this is all wrong We
shouldnt spend a lot of time on this We
should have just got it over with you know
two years ago but here we are So Im not
exactly -- so just on process you had a long
discussion of process the last time And now
this is gone through the Ordinance Committee
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CDD was there participated Was referred
favorably to the full Council I say its
not the time for a major rewrite And the
trouble I have is that theres major
differences outcomes and a lot about
enforcement and a lot about grandfathering
What I tried to do very -- and we -- its
basically because as Jeff astutely pointed
out is that he used an entirely different
method He refers to the fixture I refer
to the light And he thought it was more
clear to refer to the fixture but once you
do that youre explicitly grandfathering
everything And I was trying to see if we
can if we can sneak by And because this
was supposed to be a quick fix And then
youre supposed to go off and do a real
Municipal Ordinance with real professionals
and a real budget which I dont have
111
The reason why its important and lets
go back public health public safety
Theres the safety of too much light versus
too little light We had expert testimony on
health direct light or we just went over
why the visible and good lights And the
scope and were afraid of this wipe of
enforcement Enforcement one of the things
about enforcement is that if its simple you
can handle more stuff But simplicity I
lets say people dont go down to the
Building Commissioner and ask him to enforce
things They come to community meetings and
theyre really upset and they ask me And
thats how enforcement works in my
neighborhood And its Charles Teague that
goes down to the Building Department
Theres not a lot of enforcement in Zoning
going on And so and it comes through you
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know the neighborhood experts So and then
theres the whole grandfather issue
So there we go Theres the good
light You can -- I took this picture
consciously so that you could see the
lighting elements and then youve got the arm
under the Mount Auburn Hospital and Im on
their property in their driveway and thats
good light And theres the area to be lit
So anyways what were trying to avoid
is legal And we dont want neighbors suing
neighbors but they can They can sue under
the nuisance on their reasonable use and
enjoyment And so the lawyers I talked with
just gone through this in Lincoln They sued
because there was -- the town wouldnt
enforce the one line of the Zoning Ordinance
and they also sued under nuisances There
were other things in the case but its the
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fees in the six figures They started in
2008 They finished their trial this March
in 2013 and he says the decision could take
two years So this is not what we want the
citizens of Cambridge to have to do to get
relief
And so back to grandfathering Granted
if youre replacing light thats fine Its
not grandfathered And the key is the
burden And its its the same Its
basically the same to put up a good light as
a bad light Bulb replacement you know I
dont know sometimes to replace a bulb is
you know in this day and time its just as
hard -- easy to replace the whole fixture if
you have to go up high and bring up a crane
and all that stuff
So but my thesis and we dont know
whether this will work but this was the
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attempt and this was why I defined an
entirely different than the way Jeff defined
it is the light requires predicate acts
You have to switch it on You have to pay
the bill You have to change the bulb
Those are conscious acts that you do
otherwise the light wouldnt be doing bad
things And lastly you know if we actually
go and memorialize that all existing lights
are grandfathered theres a bunch of lights
out there that could have been enforced
They are in violation The trouble were
missing is the explicit definitions and we
could have gone through the appeal process
through the BZA or to Superior Court and we
could have got some resolution So there
still is another path to getting resolution
But going back to the previous slide it
isnt really something you want neighbors to
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be doing
So this is this is a commentary from
Bobrowski who wrote the handbook on land use
And hes talking about the restrictions on
the site the external restrictions And
hes talking about how theres no reported
(inaudible) decisions on the grandfather
section So but hope springs the term But
at this end this was never meant to be such a
process It was supposed to be a quick fix
get in and get out and then hopefully a real
lighting ordinance would happen but I cant
do the real lighting ordinance
So the building -- we sat down with
Councillor van Beuzekom and I sat down with
the Building Commissioner and he says he can
enforce the Teague Petition When they go
and they basically do light enforcement by
asking nicely And the next thing is so you
116
cant see the bulb They have people adjust
the lights so you cant see the bulb which
is basically what I wrote I memorialized
And he didnt really know how many Zoning
violations but its a small number And he
asked CDD to consult the Law Department on
the whole grandfathering thing So thats
supposed to be in process But not with my
not with my legal theory
But anyways on -- he looked at CDD
petition He had a series of -- to my --
because Im the neighborhood enforcer
because people come to me I go down to the
Building Department and so I sort of know how
they work And so I went down with Ranjit
He goes well thats nice but we dont have
staff at night So he didnt like the
illumination definition He goes we dont
staff at night We dont have instruments
117
We dont know how to use them
On pulling a Building Permit he would
say well wed actually have to go down there
and look to see if there were actual bad
lights where now people bring in plans
Which you could require a plan for I dont
know you know putting on your dog house or
something but I dont know when external
plans are required But then he went on in
his very practical concern its a lot of --
on the change of use its not going to get
triggered very often because so often he says
they dont need a Building Permit to change
the use So on the aging out of fixtures
he goes he says theres no way we can know
when that fixture was last gone He didnt
like those ones where this where its
referring to the bulb And then there was a
section which said on the certificate of
118
occupancy you would actually have to get
plans And he goes well often times a
homeowner comes down hes going to sell his
house or getting a new insurance policy and
theyll want to give them a Certificate of
Occupancy and this is an onerous expense for
so many So -- and then they have an
existing process So what happens is they
get a complaint in they run over there they
look at the thing and they come back and
they make it and they make their decision
And they send out their letters And either
theyre gonna decide to enforce or not
enforce Either person can appeal within 30
days After 30 days its final his decision
is final The Zoning Ordinance Section 1021
says its a $50 fee Their sheet says $100
Ill have to speak to him about that But I
spoke today its six weeks to get a hearing
119
And we have an experienced guy And Ive
seen you guys spend hours and hours resolving
neighborhood -- you send them in the back
room and they come back out Its even at
one in the morning you guys are working this
stuff out Ive seen them do it for a
garbage shed whether the garbage shed could
have a roof on it or not
Now Ranjit didnt like 722A because
only the BZA could issue a Variance So so
then the Kelly Beady guy came in with some
foot candle things just a whole bunch of
details But thats really thats really
Im under my ten minutes right All set
So my final thing is what I would
suggest I would suggest -- well I suggest
the correct answer is the municipal lighting
and we all know that And thats the way it
should be done So I suggest that As for
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this I think this is a major change Its a
change in how its basic fundamental premise
of how its defined and it has these
implications in enforcement because it
requires because now it requires
instrumentation and people at night and
implications in terms of grandfathering
Grandfathering I dont know maybe weve
got 10 percent or 20 percent shot but under
the other way of defining it its zero It
absolutely nails down every existing light
So I would suggest that that petition -- the
other version is so different I dont think
its -- and were at the end of the process
I dont think it should be substituted If
you guys decide to submit it as a Planning
Board petition that would be okay but I
would not I would not I think theyre just
too fundamentally different creatures
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Thank you
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I find this very interesting because
the -- I know I have problems with the
petition as written and even though Jeffs
efforts were very valiant in trying to
incorporate some of our concerns in it I
think Mr Teague has just shown that new
position still has a lot of problems
associated with it So I think unless we
have a process that comes up with something
that is been thought through and worked out
I think I really have a problem with the
petition as it was (Inaudible)
HUGH RUSSELL That last sentence
confused me I didnt hear it I guess Did
you say that you had a problem with the
122
Teague petition or you didnt have a problem
with it
WILLIAM TIBBS I have a problem
with the Teague petition as written and
Jeffs attempts to write different language
which would help solve some of the problems
we all discussed But I think Mr Teague is
just saying that he doesnt feel that the --
he feels that those changes -- actually
changes it enough so that its a very
different thing And even his presentation
shows some of the complexities particularly
as you talk to other city officials with the
CDD version of his petition So its
problematic and I think to me its just very
very clear that its an issue that I think we
all feel its something we should try to
tackle but we should just tackle in a
different way whether its a Planning Board
123
petition Council petition or something And
I know the concern that we had earlier was
that you know these things just take a
long long time and was it something that we
could quickly pass and then work on later
But Im not comfortable with that approach
For me I -- Ill let the other board members
speak for themselves
HUGH RUSSELL Im with you on
the -- I would not want to recommend the
Teague petition to the Council And I would
not do any action want -- I wouldnt want to
just avoid the question because then the
Council might feel that if were not
responding to it we wouldnt respond So my
preference is to ask the staff to tweak the
language based on what theyve heard tonight
and forward the revised language to the
Council and to -- with a discussion that says
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that this is the best we can do in the time
available Its a very complicated issue
and that they should you know and then
theyll have to decide do they want to put
something in place now Do they want to
postpone it Do they want to engage in a
process of writing a Municipal Ordinance
And it seems to me those kinds of questions
are the questions that the Council you know
were offering advice as to what we think can
be done within the Zoning Ordinance and were
offering our comments that we were pretty
content with whats proposed but we
understand its not perfect Now --
WILLIAM TIBBS I think you need to
quantify we
HUGH RUSSELL Thats quite right
and Im not sure everybodys there
Also there are other people who would
125
like to speak and I think we ought to hear
them So maybe we should hold our comments
until that happens
So well agree to the three minute
standard for comments
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
TOM SIENIEWICZ Im sorry just one
point Did not Mr Teague say that he would
not support the altered drafting of this
piece of Zoning couldnt support it Was
that what he was indicating he was
withdrawing his petition I had that sense
I dont know
HUGH RUSSELL No I think what
hes saying is we submit our recommendation
to Council he was going to speak against
that recommendation and certainly thats his
right And Council has to decide make that
126
decision I mean -- were not proposing this
as a friendly amendment Were proposing
this as a recommendation from this Board
based on the language we have
CHARLES TEAGUE Just to clarify I
was actually hoping you would recommend the
Teague petition because the last time we were
here because --
HUGH RUSSELL Yes you made that
argument
CHARLES TEAGUE Right
HUGH RUSSELL I understand that
Thank you
So on our list the first person is
Kenneth Taylor of 2 Craigy Street
KENNETH TAYLOR Im Ken Taylor 2
Craigy Street Ive listened to what the
Planning Board has said before Ive heard
public complaints and public interest about
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making changes I see Mr Teagues petition
I understand there are issues related to
that I see the Community Developments
response to your request to comment on that
and improve it My reaction as a layman is
that if you pass -- if you recommend the CD
proposal you risk memorializing
grandfathering the violation of the Zoning
Ordinance which was passed in 1962
Now one question that perhaps Jeff
could explain to me is in the State Code you
quoted Shall lawfully in existence any
condition lawfully in existence
Since 1962 there have been hundreds and
thousands of code violations that have never
been enforced Now does the fact that they
have not been enforced means -- mean that
theyre lawful And does that give them
legitimacy In the case of making Zoning
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changes I know of a condition where an
existing house I was going to buy had a curb
cut for a driveway that was too close to an
intersection of a public street And it was
non-conforming and it was grandfathered until
you made a change And it was non-conforming
until the code was changed The codes never
been changed on this A six-story building
apartment house built in 1940 probably had
incandescent lights to begin with if any at
all And then in 1960 they added more
powerful incandescents In 1970 they added
sodium vapor In 2012 they added HID Now
probably every one of those except the
incandescent was in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance So my question to you is what
permits grandfathering among all these
violations that have existed for that many
years Is it because the City chose not to
129
enforce the law Thats a general question
Secondly Im confused about the
recommendation about 723 If I understood
it correctly Jeff you said that you can
delete the paragraph altogether because all
of the Zoning applies to all of the city So
if I understand that theres no special
provision for residential areas and so it
doesnt make any difference I dont
understand why theres this paragraph if
youre going to enforce this Zoning Ordinance
throughout the entire city If that isnt
the case I think you need to at least expand
the language If youre seriously trying to
cover these residential zones you need to
expand the language to cover the edges of
these zones which are impacted by other
districts adjacent to the buildings in other
districts should not be allowed to impact on
130
these residential zones
I think the final question it seems to
me which I believe is related and again I
havent talked to Mr Teague about this is
related to the issue of the whole basis for
the Zoning Ordinance If its based on the
light source rather than the fixture then
theres no reason why you can ask existing
owners either to conform with the new code or
to reduce the wattage in their fixture to the
extent possible to the minimum to bring it in
as close to conformance as possible And
that would mean that a 400-watt HID bulb
could be a 100-watt HID bulb And that would
significantly reduce the problem without
causing an owner to replace the fixture
PAMELA WINTERS Sir your time is
up
KENNETH TAYLOR Excuse me
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PAMELA WINTERS Your time is up
KENNETH TAYLOR Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Theres some
provocative questions there but I think well
just get through some of the comments and
then go there
Second person was Jo M Solet
JO M SOLET Thank you for your
attention Jo M Solet 15 Berkeley Street
I would like to first of all second
what you heard from Mr Taylor I think we
do not want to confer legitimacy on lights
existing lights that are now in violation
And if you doubt that they are there I can
tell you the light about which I spoke to you
at our last meeting I did have the city come
and look at it They told me it was in
violation and they actually and Mr Sean
OGrady told me when I had found all the
132
lights in violation in my neighborhood I
could call him back And I have that in
writing by e-mail So I didnt feel it was
my job to do that but if it will help
Mr Taylor who doesnt live that far away
from me and I will -- well find the
violations and make sure that theyre not
grandfathered for you
I do think there is a backlog of
unconcern about this problem Im also
surprised about the what I see as a hardship
concern about the violators It seems to me
that changing a bulb or adding a hood to an
existing light is not that serious a
hardship And if we discover that there are
folks who have a hardship then maybe we
should be charging for violations and using
the money to help those who have a hardship
come into compliance It could be done
133
Because our concern includes health and
safety the grandfathering piece is really a
serious one because it would leave in place
the things that are currently affecting
health and safety and I want to offer a nod
to Mr Russell and to Mr Sieniewicz for
raising the night sky issue and add that in
talking about this city lighting issues with
the Circadian rhythm experts and the sleep
division at Harvard Medical School
Another issue that was raised was that
of wildlife If you doubt that wildlife is
at issue here imagine when you are taking a
neighborhood and basically giving up night
Youre making it light all the time In our
neighborhood on Berkeley Street within the
passed couple of weeks sighted have been a
grey fox turkeys deer raccoons raccoons
during the day by the way because its day
134
all the time and maybe they dont know when
they should be sleeping rabbits moles and
opossums So theyre confused about when
its night and day and thats not good for
us People are confused about it too
Thanks for your time
STEVEN COHEN Mr Chair Im sorry
if I might interrupt for just a moment Both
of the first two speakers made reference to
lighting being in violation And if there is
some sort of a regulation of existing
lighting thats something that Im unaware
of that I havent heard come out
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
So Jeff is it correct that paragraph
723 is part of the Ordinance now
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
Mr Chair and excuse me for not reviewing
my -- my sort of shorthand of Zoning changes
135
So all of the underlying portions are the
changes to the Ordinance page -- on page 3
the portion under 723 line item 723 is not
there but that paragraph underneath it
constitutes the entirety of current Section
720 of the Zoning Ordinance So that is
currently in the Ordinance The petition
proposed to leave it in the Ordinance and --
HUGH RUSSELL And how long has it
been in the Ordinance
JEFF ROBERTS I do not know the
answer to that question
HUGH RUSSELL A long time right
JEFF ROBERTS Its been for
sometime And any -- it was not during the
ten years that Ive been here So the -- so
any lighting that was established since that
time thats found to be in violation and I
think this -- I wont sidetrack But any
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lighting thats known to be in violation or
found to be in violation of that Ordinance
since that time will -- its considered
illegally non-conforming Its not -- it
doesnt have a legal conforming status just
because it was ignored And therefore it --
this the proposed -- whether the under the
proposed text or the modified text the new
Zoning would not confer any special -- new
special status towards lighting that was in
violation at the time that it was installed
HUGH RUSSELL Okay So what were
saying is that outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 Districts since
this was put in the Ordinance which I
believe is quite was probably decades ago
is -- do you know exactly
KENNETH TAYLOR Yes the historian
for Community Development informed my wife
137
that there have been no changes in the
lighting ordinance since it was originally
written So that goes back to the original
text of the Ordinance
H THEODORE COHEN When was that
HUGH RUSSELL I do not believe this
paragraph goes back to 1924
KENNETH TAYLOR No no 1962
HUGH RUSSELL 62 So thats the
date
KENNETH TAYLOR Thats when the
Ordinance was written
HUGH RUSSELL The Ordinance was
written in 1920 --
KENNETH TAYLOR Its a 50-year-old
Ordinance It hasnt been changed since
HUGH RUSSELL Sir the Ordinance
was written in 1924 There were major
revisions in 1943 and 1962 And then since
138
1970 the Ordinance has perhaps quadrupled in
size to the establishment of special
districts The question is when did this
paragraph show up And I believe the answer
that youre trying to tell me 1962 So that
says -- so if you will allow me to finish my
thought here that says that in those
districts that are enumerated a light that
shines a direct light on an adjacent
property is not grandfathered
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
HUGH RUSSELL Now that doesnt
help the people in Residence C-2 Districts
and I believe some of the testimony before us
were people who are in those districts But
so that -- so by this little discussion weve
learned that in you know a substantial
portion of the city someone should be able to
go down today and get enforcement And so
139
therefore it probably is a reason to -- you
may want to make that clearer in the
Ordinance that this standard as we talk
about enforcement and grandfathering that
this was the standard Anything thats in
conformance doesnt have legal non-conforming
status That would I believe that helps
Now Id like to continue with the
hearing and Marjorie Williams of Green Street
do you wish to speak Or is it Marjorie
Wellens (phonetic)
MARILYN WELLENS You mean Marilyn
Wellens
HUGH RUSSELL Do you live at 651
Green Street
MARILYN WELLENS I do
HUGH RUSSELL Im sorry I couldnt
read your writing but I certainly know you
MARILYN WELLENS Yes So my name
140
is Marilyn Wellens and I live at 651 Green
Street We abut a Business B-1 District on
Massachusetts Avenue The building at 1030
Massachusetts Avenue was recently con --
within the last year and a half two years
was converted from office to lab use And
the Zoning Ordinance considers these
equivalent uses I can assure you that they
are not neither for lighting nor for noise
nor for height The reason Im here is that
weve had quite a lesson in this in modern
technology and the way that Cambridge is
going over the last two years So that I
have Im afraid scattered notes in response
to some of the Boards comments and I
havent put them in any particular order so
if you will indulge me I will just sort of
speak out
I would say that the matter is urgent
141
that Mr Teague has brought to the Board and
the Council and the Citys attention The
strain of trying to have quiet enjoyment of
ones property is very difficult And I
would suspect that the places where it is
possible are rapidly diminishing And only
the very very choicest residential districts
of the city will be immune and maybe they --
even they wont if the development thats
planned and on the Boards continuance So
Im concerned about the assumption that there
will be all these frivolous complaints What
weve just heard recently is that the Zoning
Ordinance lacks enforcement ability either
through the technical expertise of staff who
are required or asked to enforce it or they
lack the training they lack the money they
lack the expertise they lack the equipment
So that this -- remedying this is not simply
142
a matter of law its a matter of budget and
its a matter of will and committing to
taking care of the health and safety of the
population of Cambridge And that I
understand is the primary impulse and
justification for the Zoning Ordinance Now
thats why were here and thats why youre
dealing with this And as Doctor Solet has
told you repeatedly that light as well as
noise have major major health consequences
And this is another example of what has been
called the privatization of profit and the
socialization of the costs So that you have
the developers and the users maximizing
lowering their own costs by failing
adequately to protect public health and the
rest of us suffer and its a longer term
problem but if youre concerned about the
educational level of the students in
143
Cambridge I suspect that you will pay close
attention to both light and noise and how
they affect people
And so I was bit concerned with the
assumption that you might have lacks -- and
this may have been my missed hearing that it
might be possible to have laxer standards for
persons living in denser zones or in
commercial zones because I dont see any
reason why anyone living in any of those
zones would be less harmed by the noxious
effect of light than people living in an A
Zone
PAMELA WINTERS If you could wind
down your comments please your time is up
MARILYN WELLENS All right And
so I would again encourage you to act on
this and I would ask that the city develop
the capacity to enforce and develop the will
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to enforce and I ask the Board to participate
in that
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Thank you
Does anyone else wish to be heard
ROBERT WINTERS Hi my name is
Robert Winters I hadnt planned to come
here I do live in a BA-1 Zone I probably
could claim I have five multiple violations
right now on either side of me but I have no
skin in this game I have no desire to file
complaints or anything but something I was
thinking before -- Hugh Russell actually took
the words right out of my mouth And heres
my thoughts that I heard earlier and just to
say them right now I wonder why must this
matter be a part of the Zoning Ordinance at
all It strikes me that all of the
shortcomings and misgivings and like what
145
about grandfathering this or that could all
be resolved if simply this was made part of a
municipal comprehensive municipal light
ordinance that had nothing to do with Zoning
whatsoever
When I have as I have complaints
about neighbors with rodent infestation you
know you call the rodent people If theres
a problem with improper disposal of rubbish
you call Inspectional Services and Public
Works Nobody worries about whether the
rubbish cans were grandfathered in from an
earlier era when they carried ashes out to
the street You know these are living
documents they can be changed to meet with
the times It seems thats the right way to
go Just generally speaking I think we
burden the Zoning Ordinance with far too
much It shouldnt even have quadrupled in
146
size There are so many things We depend
far too much on the Zoning Ordinance to solve
too many problems I believe shortly well
be getting some recommendations coming as
part of an another Zoning Petition where
theyre going to try to tell us from where we
must buy our electricity for example Why
not go and tell what color shirts our
children should wear or whether they should
speak multiple languages and have that be
part of the Zoning Ordinance So my remedy
is simply this Why not simply recommend to
the City Council that they sever this entire
section out of the Zoning Ordinance and
re-craft it as part of the municipal
ordinance on a comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance period and just take this
completely out There should be no need for
Community Development Department weighing in
147
on lighting standards any more than they
should be weighing in on whether the rats or
the garbage cans are properly laid out
outside So I would put the challenge to the
City Councillors and have the Planning Board
come straight out and say that Since were
throwing this ball into your court make this
the best damn municipal lighting ordinance
you can possibly draft and lets take it
right out of Zoning entirely
HUGH RUSSELL Mr John
JOHN HAWKINSON John Hawkinson 84
Mass Ave I just wanted to make explicit I
think an implicit request I heard in
Charlies presentation and that was to the
extent that you request Community Development
do further work on this That you request
that they caucus with Commissioner
Singanayagam and make sure that their
148
recommendations are consistent with his
understanding of enforceability or if not
that theres text explaining how not or why
not
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Does anyone else wish
to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Im just going to
comment on a previous comment and one --
there were several farther back which is if
we are stuck with what the Commissioner of
Buildings thinks he can do with present
staff and the present work rules that may not
be sufficient to protect the population And
so its important to know -- to get Ranjits
take on it because hes you know hes a
very dedicated public servant but at the
same time you know do you have to go beyond
149
that Maybe thats the point
So now we get to the point of trying to
see if we can -- do we have a consensus on
what we would recommend to the Council or do
we have -- I have a feeling were not quite
at a consensus and I dont think were going
to get there But Id be happy to get some
advice from my colleagues
H THEODORE COHEN Im happy to
start I think -- well I think as I
expressed at the last hearing that the
Teague Petition is fundamentally flawed and
overbroad And I had a lot of concerns about
it particularly about you know how you
determine whether theres a violation and
what one does to enforce it And a
grandfathering is a very significant issue in
Zoning I have a litigated cases about it
Ive litigated cases about light and how they
150
fall under Zoning and I could not personally
recommend the Teague Petition as originally
drafted I think that what staff has done
addressed a lot of my concerns and I still
think its overbroad in a lot of areas I
still think that it does not address the
issue fully and certainly doesnt address
the grandfathering issue which I dont think
Zoning can If the rest of the Board felt
comfortable with the Teague with the
revision by CDD I think I could go along
with a recommendation to the City Council
that this was in some sense a stopgap measure
that still had a lot of questions and still
needed to be worked upon and that City
Council ought to hire an expert and probably
the best thing was to have either just a
municipal ordinance or a municipal ordinance
and some waiting reference into the Zoning
151
Ordinance But I do think that this is an
issue you know that needs more thought by
people who are really expert in the field to
determine exactly what will address future
issues and probably more importantly what
can address existing issues that we want to
address and how it does not unreasonably
impact upon the small property owners the
small home owners who are -- Im worried are
all going to be in non-conformance under
this and also what is the best way to
enforce things And you know obviously the
Building Department you know has a limited
budget And you know its going to be up
to the City Council and the City Manager to
decide you know what is the really
important issues that the city is facing and
what they are going to budget for And if
they feel that dealing with this light issue
152
is a primary concern then they may have to
hire more people to deal with enforcement
If they think its less of an important
concern then you know other building
issues then they will appropriately staff
things And so thats where I come out on
this that I personally could not support
recommending the Teague Petition as
originally presented to the City Council with
a lot of reservations I could go along with
a recommendation of what CDD has revised and
subject to further revisions in accordance
with our discussion tonight
AHMED NUR Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Ill be really fast I
do concur everything that Ted just said I
am not also in favor of the proposal and in
favor of recommending to City Council It
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really needs careful study with experts
When it comes to lighting noise music I
have two daughters that share one room and
the two of them are the opposites One wants
the light off one wants the light on One
wants the music down and so it -- its not
something simple that we can just sit here
and say yay or nay on this
PAMELA WINTERS I agree with my
colleagues I really dont feel comfortable
about voting for the Teague Petition as
drafted I really agree particularly with
what Ted had to say and also Robert Winters
I thought made -- and we are not related I
just want to throw that in
WILLIAM TIBBS I was going to ask
that question
PAMELA WINTERS No we are not
related but I do -- I liked your suggestion
154
of making -- turning this into a municipal
ordinance similar to sound or you know
whatever rather than a Zoning Ordinance And
I think thats about all I had to say So
that was quick
Go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Generally I concur
with all that was said I have two
observations First of all something that
Charlie said really struck me during his
presentation and that is that he conceived
of this as a quick fix As a stopgap in
measuring -- acknowledging that this isnt
really the ideal way to address the problem
That the right way to address it is for the
city to hire an appropriate expert personnel
and to you know put some time and real work
into this and come up with an appropriate
well engineered municipal ordinance Well I
155
guess we all agree that thats the right way
to go The notion of using the Zoning Code
as a quick fix as a stopgap measure sort of
procedurally doesnt seem like the right way
to use Zoning And once adopted it takes on
a life of its own and what if it ends up
being in conflict with what the experts come
up with later It doesnt seem like the
right approach I agree that the approach --
I agree with what has been said by
Mr Winters and the other members here The
way to go is to call upon the City Council to
address this head on in the appropriate and
expert way
My second observation though is Im
blown away to discover that theres already a
provision in the Code which in essence hasnt
been enforced So gosh we can write all
sorts of Zoning Ordinances here Whats the
156
difference what we write if the existing
regulations arent being enforced You know
so it seems to me before we start reinventing
the wheel and making the wheel even fancier
than it already is lets figure out how to
enforce the existing regulation And
actually as written as I look at it it
aint bad It doesnt have all the technical
requirements and references to foot candles
and luminance and so forth but the
principles that it espouse is right on And
frankly if I were to recommend anything as a
short-term stopgap measure well maybe just
make that same provision applicable to other
Zoning Districts as well Boy thats a real
quick fix You know the recommendation
would you know encompass maybe one or two
sentences and you know then you know
lets focus on enforcement and that would be
157
sufficient to hold the fort for a while the
City Council you know addresses this matter
in a more appropriate and professional
manner
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I would
like to agree wholeheartedly with what Steve
just said As much as I -- it really pains
me to think of going into a multi-year or
even multi-month study on this I do think
its the right thing to do I think that
this needs to be done through general
municipal ordinance and that requires time
And I do think that we need to use the tools
that are at our disposal to give some
immediate relief And I would really want to
stress that in the City Council that if that
means appropriating additional funds for
Inspectional Services or whatever it means
that there needs to be some recourse for
158
people to get some relief now while the study
is going on And that you know its the
fact that we havent been able to enforce it
previously does not excuse continuing to do
so while we study a way to do it later
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say I
disagree with -- I agree with what you both
have said
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think what were
discovering in Zoning is a pretty blunt
instrument and these are some pretty fine
issues that are -- that were trying to
figure out how we can control But
nonetheless in my experience almost 20 years
now working pretty intensely with this Code
there are ways in which government works
pretty well the Zoning Board and the Planning
Board I might add and the Zoning Code to
some degree helps to a large degree helps
159
with the way that this community runs And I
really appreciate Steve pointing out the fact
that the Code already has an Ordinance in
there
That not withstanding I believe the
rightful place for at least some components
of this lighting control is within the Zoning
Code Its a physical environments It
relates to the building and it relates to
building science And so youre right the
modified petition is not perfect We have
more suggestions tonight about how to make it
a little better I think it adds adds meat
to the Zoning Code which can be enforced both
with the Building Department and through the
other mechanisms that I referenced here And
so Im generally in favor of sending it up to
the City Council with the recommendations
that came with the first speaker to consider
160
the municipal ordinance to have enforcement
to deal with the issue of grandfathering and
hire an expert to get the actual metrics of
drafting correctly
HUGH RUSSELL So often at this
time we turn to the Stuart and Brian and Jeff
and say okay you got it
JEFF ROBERTS This is one where I
may want to go over some of what was said and
see if thats what is -- what the way things
are intended to go
So is it the -- maybe this is a
question I shouldnt be asking but is it the
Boards consensus -- it seems pretty clear
that the recommendation should include the
recommendation to initiate a process of
developing a more comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance as part of the municipal
code engaging the help of an experienced
161
professional to develop something that has
to help advise on the technical details So
thats that is certainly something that
would be included
In terms of the recommendation on the
Zoning Petition the Board would recommend
the Zoning language the modified Zoning
language that was proposed I know that I
think in the last set of comments there were
maybe different views on what exactly would
be -- would exactly would or should be
included in the text the Zoning text
modifications that are recommended to the
Board Whether it be the fuller set of
changes that was that was sent to the Board
or whether it be a smaller set of changes
only affecting the existing Zoning existing
paragraph of Zoning text
HUGH RUSSELL So I would -- what I
162
heard from my colleagues is that that
Council can consider three different
strategies for an interim regulation that
would be in place to try to help out the way
things are
One is the Teague Petition which we do
not support
The second is the language that youve
drafted and with some modifications based on
our discussion tonight And theres no real
enthusiasm for that because we feel that
primary recommendation of getting municipal
ordinance is the right ultimate solution
If the Council felt they wanted to act
now we would feel -- most of us that
enacting the language was a temporary measure
that might be effective in some cases and
probably wouldnt cause great harm
The third suggestion came from my
163
colleague Mr Cohen which was a very simple
thing to take the 720 regulation and make
it apply citywide as a temporary measure I
think the problem that Council would have to
address in taking that stance is its not
being -- its not being enforced now Is it
not being enforced because it is
unenforceable or is it for some other reason
And that could be a discussion that could be
held between the City Manager and his various
departments and staff about you know if
they were to say well rely on this as a
temporary measure how can we get better
enforcement as to what this actually says
particularly if it were extended to be
citywide
So thats kind of what I heard and I
elaborated a little bit on Steves proposal
In some ways I like Steves proposal the
164
best
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes I do too
JEFF ROBERTS If I could
Mr Chair I mean I think this is a
discussion that maybe came up if you all
remember way back in the original Teague
Petition when the discussion really was
around what is this what is the issue with
the existing Zoning language and what does it
do and what does it not do And we found
that there really were some limitations in
the text and I think that Mr Teague had
really started this process by pointing out
what some of those limitations are
One being that the district only
applies in certain districts which through
enforcement has been taken to -- or at least
cause confusion when theres two adjoining
districts where a business district or a
165
higher density residential district abuts a
lower density residential district and its
not clear what that language is meant to
mean And that could be at the most minor
basic level that could be clarified to say
that any to make sure that its clear that
the effect on any residential property in
those districts is something that should be
enforced for or should be where the Zoning
should be applied and should be -- and
anything should be -- anything that affects
those properties should be reviewed in
compliance Or another step up would be to
as was suggested maybe make it just a
citywide provision which may have certain
impacts on commercial districts and
commercial properties that might not be in
the same level of conformance
HUGH RUSSELL Might be citywide to
166
falling on citywide residential property
H THEODORE COHEN I Jeff the
point you just raised is a concern I have
and you know it may be its a good idea to
amend 723 to make it citywide But Im
wondering if its in the scope of what the
Teague Petition was and what was advertised
because it certainly you know it may be
that it applies to so many other people in
commercial and industrial districts who may
not have come to our hearing or to you know
the Ordinance Committee because they were not
concerned about what they saw as applying
only in residential districts So you know
I think thats something that staff and maybe
the City Solicitors office would have to
review to see whether making such a change
would be within the scope of the petition
And if not then maybe you know we ought to
167
bring -- come back with a very short you
know Planning Board amendment to do that
you know publish it and notify it and let
the citywide have an opportunity to comment
on it And you know coming out of that
maybe what you suggested is that its not
citywide then only you know the impact on
any residential district or any residential
property
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I just want to be very clear that I am
not comfortable with the CDC language as a
stopgap So I just want to make that very
clear
STEVEN COHEN Im just wondering if
a consensus of any sort is reached on the
Board maybe the way to go on this is to
actually start from scratch You know work
on some sort of modification of the existing
168
Section the 723 re-advertise it to make
sure that theres no issues there and ask
the CDD to propose a modification of that
paragraph only this time its an actual
proposal on your part And eventually
perhaps get to the point where its the
Planning Board proposing a Zoning
modification to the City Council which you
know might carry some some extra weight
with the understanding that it is still
something of a stopgap Because maybe that
the appropriate procedure is still to hire
experts and not making our own guesses about
technical matters but you know actually
doing an appropriate study But again I
think the language there is pretty good
And you know with some study on your part
Jeff I think maybe we could arrive someplace
that you know you serve as a pretty good
169
stopgap you know pending adoption of a
full-fledged municipal ordinance
HUGH RUSSELL Speaking against that
notion I would hope that in the 13 days
between now and the City Council midsummer
meeting a cliff notes version of that could
be accomplished I think the Teague Petition
intention was to be effective citywide and
so I think you can probably address Teds
concern of -- because it -- whats under
consideration is a citywide effect Its a
technical legal question and has to be
addressed by the Solicitor but I think
theres some hope that could actually -- and
I think the Council would like to put
something on the books now and rather than
something that we know is going to be interim
or informal So I you know its like I
think part of our difficulty is going to be
170
municipal calendar because as far as I know
-- maybe I can ask Councillor van Beuzekom
are any of the committees of the Council
going to be meeting between now and the
midsummer meeting
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM There
could be a special meeting but theres
nothing planned right now
HUGH RUSSELL Right Okay
So its within the possibility that
this could be advanced somewhere on the
Council level We dont have to come up with
the answer that they can adopt Thats
helpful
STEVEN COHEN The procedure aside
for a moment what about the notion of asking
CDD based on the discussions weve had here
asking CDD to propose a modification of that
provision
171
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I think thats
a productive thing to do
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Say that
again
HUGH RUSSELL And the question is
should we then not forward the language that
Jeff has proposed to us I mean in some
sense its out there in the blogosphere but
if our judgment is that we want a temporary
expedient we want it to be simple then
maybe we should just say draft up the simple
cliff notes version that alters that
paragraph in ways that give it the most --
make it the most effective paragraph that we
can
STEVEN COHEN And I think on a
parallel path not within our power that the
City Council might well call upon the City
Manager to report on the question of
172
enforcement of the existing provision So
you know we understand what the limitations
of enforcement are here And if there are
limitations and there may very well be then
we have to deal with that kind of reality
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I mean I think
there must be limitations because you know
its not city policy to ignore complaints and
not the citizens But they havent been able
to do it So theres something there
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS So I could just make
a suggestion or maybe its more of an offer
that we could within the recommendations --
so as long as the Board has reached some
sense some consensus and some clarity as to
what the substance of what the proposed
change would be to the existing language
that can be drafted and submitted along with
173
the recommendation to the Council We can
also include the Board can include in the
recommendation that the Law Department the
City Solicitor be consulted as long as its
within the scope of the original petition
If its been -- we would confer with the Law
Department on that as well If its
determined that that is okay it could --
that could be moved forward on If not it
could be the Planning Board could opt to
submit that as its own petition to the
Council It would restart the hearing
process but it would it could immediately
be put into the queue And if filed before
if my (inaudible) calendar is correct if
filed pretty much at the beginning of the
fall could still be acted upon by the end of
the Council term
H THEODORE COHEN Can I ask a
174
question
Jeff do you know you know in recent
buildings and commercial and industrial
districts are there outdoor floodlights
JEFF ROBERTS There usually are
If theres a parking facility theres often
you know lighting Exactly what the form of
the lighting is not something that I look at
in great scrutiny in my day-to-day work but
anything with an outdoor parking facility
outdoor walkways equipment entrances well
have well have lighting I think that by
modern standards and you know Ive gone
around looking at different -- as weve been
talking about this as looking at different
buildings and properties around the city to
see what kind of lighting they have and using
the standard can you see the fixtures or can
you see the bulb and you know is anything
175
reflecting is there a -- I think that as you
advance from older structures to newer
structures you find that the lighting starts
to look more like what I think this proposal
intends it to look like But you still do
have those instances where an owner of an
existing building for one reason or another
wants to have better lighting on the parking
lot and they install the most expedient
fixture which is that thats offensive to
neighbors
H THEODORE COHEN Well Im
personally uncomfortable with just doing just
a quick fix and saying lets make 723
applicable citywide without our having heard
anything whatsoever from any commercial or
industrial property owners one way or the
other about that And you know were
trying to avoid grandfathering things but if
176
suddenly were grandfathering parking lots
all over Kendall Square and you know in
lots of other areas of the city maybe thats
the answer but Im uncomfortable doing it
without having a hearing on it thats going
to address that issue So I dont know that
I think that the quick fix to just say make
723 applicable throughout the city is
something that I would support
HUGH RUSSELL So Im looking at
what I believe is the Teague Petition Its
addressed to the honorable City Council and
it says Petition And so I -- looking at
that it seems to me there is language in it
that talks about off-street parking
facilities abutting or facing residential
premises shall not fall under the scope of
the Teague Petition and use his regulatory
language So thats already out there in the
177
proposal
The 723 --
H THEODORE COHEN But still that
language is still referring to only Residence
A B C and C-1 Districts
HUGH RUSSELL I dont believe so
I believe theres another section that refers
to -- so Im looking at this one which I
think is broader And that might be the
limit to which we can go under the Teague --
by implementing Teague
STEVEN COHEN Im sorry isnt the
Teague Petition citywide Am I missing
something
H THEODORE COHEN No because it
was only amended certain -- as I read it it
was only amended certain provisions of the
Zoning Ordinance and adding some additional
language
178
STEVEN COHEN So your read is that
the petition applies only to what
HUGH RUSSELL The parts of the
petition apply to A B C and C-1 Districts
as I read it
STEVEN COHEN Really
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
JEFF ROBERTS Well I believe and
Im looking at it right now and kind of
starting at the beginning and I hope we dont
have different versions of this but the
proposal is to insert -- the main proposal is
on a page which begins Amend the Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Cambridge by doing
the following Insert the following text
after Section 7230 elimination etcetera
And then down at the bottom of the page it
says 722 lighting restrictions for the
City of Cambridge No direct light shall be
179
allowed on any abutting property on any
property abutting an abutting property on
any property across the street from those
properties and on any properties within 300
feet of luminaire and on any street a
property shall explicitly include any
buildings on said property and prohibiting
any direct light from entering the window or
any other openings The luminaire intended
to light a street is allowed to light said
street
H THEODORE COHEN Right I agree
with that But then that does not change --
I mean that just says you cant have light
on abutting property Its you still have
the language in 723 which again talks about
you know no outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 So if were
going to say lets make 723 applicable
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citywide--
JO M SOLET Can you use the mic
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
If youre saying we cant use 723
applicable citywide then suddenly youre
saying in any non-residential district you
cant have outdoor floodlighting which you
now indicated it probably does exist I
mean this is the problem with you know
trying to you know make a quick fix
amendment to Zoning at the you know the
eleventh hour and trying to come up with
something that we havent really previously
discussed that people havent testified on
one way or the other and maybe thats maybe
thats where we should end up Im just
very very uncomfortable doing it right now
and recommending to City Council that this is
what we think you should do as a quick fix
181
STEVEN COHEN But well Ted --
actually my reaction to what youre saying is
the most shocking part is that at this late
moment on the verge of taking a vote that
were actually not even clear whether the
Petition that weve been talking about for
these last two meetings apply citywide or
only to those residential districts
H THEODORE COHEN Well I think
some things proposed do apply citywide but
some provisions were not being -- did not
apply citywide were not being amended
HUGH RUSSELL I -- some of the
language wasnt being amended but the
structure of the Teague Petition is to say
is to focus on light being cast from fixtures
and it says you cant -- a light cant fall
on somebody elses property citywide
Now 723 talks about a device that
182
accomplishes that or fails to accomplish
that But I think in Teague and if you
will Roberts its still citywide And so
I you know some -- the fact that they --
theyre talking about a light falling on
somebody elses property whether -- I dont
think its any different whether it comes
from a floodlight or a wall pack or not
Its -- thats what was advertised Any
commercial property owner had an opportunity
to read this language and say gee I can no
longer throw light on somebody elses
property And as it happens nobody came and
said that was a problem
H THEODORE COHEN I dont disagree
with that but I dont know that just simply
saying if you make 723 citywide youre not
changing other things And that is why I
suggested --
183
HUGH RUSSELL This is an
architectlawyer discussion
H THEODORE COHEN Right Its an
architectlawyer discussion and I --
HUGH RUSSELL Im thinking an
architect weve got to be able to accomplish
the principle Here the lawyer is saying we
have to actually make the words right I
dont disagree with you
H THEODORE COHEN Correct
STEVEN COHEN And where I agree
with what Ted is saying and the reason I
would send it back to CDD is you know for
us to make a quick judgment here yeah I
said earlier hey all it takes is a sentence
or two Well thats easy for me to say I
would like staff to take a closer look at it
and then sort of work through the
ramifications and then you know whether
184
theyre unintended consequences and so forth
and then come back to us with some sort of a
recommendation But thats the drafting and
the professional who are planning the issue
Youre raising the legal issue of whether
certain interests have received adequate
notice under the law of a change that will
affect them And while I disagree with your
interpretation I think it does apply
citywide I also see that because of Section
723 its at very least ambiguous on what the
Ordinance discovers So Im respectful of
the concern that you raised And as we
talked about it amongst ourselves we werent
clear among ourselves whether this you know
Petition was applicable citywide or only to
these residential districts
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY
Mr Chair
185
STEVEN COHEN So if were not
clear I mean you know what does that say
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I think
that practical implication of both Ted and
Steves comments given that we wont be
meeting again until after the City Council
meeting is that if were going to see
another round of markups from CDD and have a
chance to discuss them then we are not
proposing a specific change to the Zoning
Ordinance for the summer meeting We are not
endorsing the Teague Petition and were
saying that there isnt a quick fix that can
be enacted this summer There may be a quick
fix that can be enacted before the end of
this Council and that we would continue to
try to do But that the long-term goal would
be a citywide lighting ordinance and any
quick fix we are going to propose is language
186
that we still need to work on and theyll be
seeing in the fall
HUGH RUSSELL So do people agree
with that It sounds pretty good to me
H THEODORE COHEN I do
HUGH RUSSELL The only caveat that
I would make is that Council might say hey
were going to ask the Law Department to do
that quick fix in the next two weeks
WILLIAM TIBBS Well thats their
issue
HUGH RUSSELL And if they can
accomplish that they might be able to
accomplish that We cannot
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL Thats the important
part
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL If were going to do
187
it we have to do what she said
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
HUGH RUSSELL So I think we almost
reached -- Ahmed
AHMED NUR We did We did
I also would add that maybe we should
change the language to -- from grandfathering
to grandmothering because lights lights are
actually controlled better laid in the house
Im only kidding
WILLIAM TIBBS Did you get the last
comment I think
JEFF ROBERTS Okay so to recap
the recommendation -- I wont go back over
what you said but the recommendation is what
was just stated regarding -- including the
municipal -- recommendation by the municipal
ordinance advising that you know that the
concerns with the Teague Petition as written
188
the complications with proposing a quick fix
at this point and to and so I guess the
question is is the Planning Board decision
then not to recommend any specific Zoning
text changes to the Council but rather to
suggest that the Planning Board continue to
work on that issue and submit text changes
for the fall term the fall session of the
Council
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
AHMED NUR That sounds good
HUGH RUSSELL I think that except I
would put the work as conditional If the
Council wants us to work on that well put
that on our agenda early in the fall because
they can because they may --
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY They
may preempt us
HUGH RUSSELL They may find a quick
189
fix They may enact Teague All of that is
within their power
Were saying what we can do and we
cant fix it now
STEVEN COHEN And for 50 years of
non-enforcement of the existing provisions I
dont think its the end of the world to wait
a few extra months to do this in a careful
thoughtful
JO M SOLET Can they enforce
whats in place now at least
H THEODORE COHEN Yes
JO M SOLET Do you recommend that
STEVEN COHEN Yes
HUGH RUSSELL We dont generally --
KENNETH TAYLOR Can you make a
recommendation
JO M SOLET Including your
recommendation that there is a law thats not
190
being enforced and while were rewriting it
we would at least like attention to that
HUGH RUSSELL I think we can --
might comment that the Board is unable to
understand why paragraph 720 does not
apparently -- is not able to be enforced
KENNETH TAYLOR Not being enforced
HUGH RUSSELL Thats a statement
which could provide some relief in some
cases it does not seem to be able to be
enforced in -- thats part of the reason we
cant act to fix it because we dont know
whats wrong with it
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Thats
right
STEVEN COHEN But Jo were not
going away
JO M SOLET Im not either I
dont want it to be immortal before I see
191
this
HUGH RUSSELL So I believe we are
now adjourned
JOHN HAWKINSON Councillor van
Beuzekom has her hand up
HUGH RUSSELL Oh Councillor
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM I have one
thing to clarify
HUGH RUSSELL Sure we would be
happy to hear it
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Because I
dont want to by myself to be the sole
conveyor of all the incredible back and forth
between all you guys and between the people
that came to speak So what I dont know is
how much of this draft memo is going to be
shared with the Council Because aside from
what you said this is not out in the
blogosphere People dont really know about
192
this But the -- I think what needs to be
conveyed to the Council is what you dont
like about the Teague Petition So we didnt
really hear that Its kind of in this memo
but you didnt really talk about it You
went straight to CDD making recommendations
that are not going to be forwarded to the
Council But Im hoping that there can be a
write-up in the memo that accompanies the
decision explaining exactly what about the
Teague Petition doesnt work Because it is
citywide and thats what the CDD proposed
There was an attempt to figure out how to
make it more enforceable and Ranjit thought
I can enforce it this way I cant really
enforce it because its too vague the way the
720 is currently written So I think that
would be really valuable to send that
information to the Council
193
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think Mr Chair
at the first hearing we discussed in detail
what specifically were the Boards objections
to the Teague Petition so theres a record
of that in the transcript
HUGH RUSSELL Right And also the
Roberts draft is actually a response to those
points So you can pull out of the draft
what what were the pieces that were being
fixed and why why we felt the need to be
fixed And we can --
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM So it
wont be --
HUGH RUSSELL It wont we wont
give you the Roberts draft but well tell
you whats wrong with Teague because we owe
you that one at least in our opinion
Okay now were adjourned
(Whereupon at 1030 pm the
194
Planning Board Adjourned)
195
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INSTRUCTIONS
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REPLACE THIS PAGE OF THE TRANSCRIPT WITH THE
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196
ATTACH TO PLANNING BOARD DATE 71613 REP CAZ
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______________________
197
C E R T I F I C A T E
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS BRISTOL SS
I Catherine Lawson Zelinski a Certified Shorthand Reporter the undersigned Notary Public certify that
I am not related to any of the parties in this matter by blood or marriage and that I am in no way interested in the outcome of this matter
I further certify that the testimony hereinbefore set forth is a true and accurate transcription of my stenographic notes to the best of my knowledge skill and ability
IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of September 2013
Catherine L Zelinski Notary Public Certified Shorthand Reporter License No 147703
My Commission Expires April 23 2015
THE FOREGOING CERTIFICATION OF THIS TRANSCRIPT DOES NOT APPLY TO ANY REPRODUCTION OF THE SAME BY ANY MEANS UNLESS UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL ANDOR DIRECTION OF THE CERTIFYING REPORTER
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Building [13] - 206 896 8910 9214 983 11112 11117 11516 11614 1172 11713 15113
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71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
Catherine [4] - 111 44 1974 19713
caucus [1] - 14718 caught [1] - 1087 causing [1] - 13016 caveat [1] - 1866 CAZ [1] - 1962 CD [1] - 1276 CDC [1] - 16712 CDD [14] - 529 1101 1166 11610 12214 15011 15211 1683 17017 17018 18313 1858 1926 19212
CE [1] - 10416
9315 943 1014 1145 11711 11713 1201 1202 1286 16617 17218 17913 1847 18510 1877 1964
CHANGE [6] - 1969 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614
changed [4] - 1287 1288 13716 14515
changes [22] - 816 1711 332 579 7915 8016 921 924 10812 1229 12210 1271 1281 13419 1352 1371 16115 16116
1885 1887 17814 17819 1552 15517 8315 1026 651 8311 8813 19512 19617 18018 1856 15815 15818 comfortable [6] - 8817 10311
changing [7] - 755 Citys [3] - 592 1593 1598 7616 9616 1236 10316 1189 7511 8210 988 6518 1412 15914 15010 15310 complaints [1] -10516 13213 citywide [26] - 628 code [5] - 9914 16712 8312 18218 635 1633 16316 12715 1287 coming [2] - 1464 complaint-driven [2]
Chapter [2] - 548 16515 16519 1309 16019 1675 - 641 8813 696 1661 1665 1674 codes [1] - 1287 comment [16] - 4510 complaints [9] -
characterize [3] - 1677 1698 coffee [1] - 242 494 5810 6117 7611 834 1042 3710 726 981 16911 17515 Cohen [5] - 18 110 6217 6414 754 12619 14112
charging [1] - 13217 17713 1801 43 44 1631 7618 907 10210 14412 1456 CHARLES [4] - 1081 1805 1817 COHEN [59] - 76 87 1274 14810 1728
1085 1265 18110 18112 913 101 1018 1674 18712 complete [1] - 10718 12611 18118 1823 185 3217 459 1904 completed [1] - 1956
Charles [3] - 213 18217 18410 5016 712 7214 commentary [1] - COMPLETED [1] -1086 11116 18416 18518 739 7315 7318 1152 19517
Charlie [1] - 15410 19212 7417 8717 885 commented [1] - completely [2] - 375 Charlies [1] - 14715 Citywide [1] - 15 8912 9019 9219 8114 14618 children [1] - 1469 claim [1] - 1449 938 9313 9417 comments [18] - complexities [1] -
choice [1] - 4219 clarification [3] - 957 9512 963 5115 5216 5219 12212
choicest [1] - 1417 387 3812 3815 9818 1017 1065 882 9018 10014 complexity [1] - 887
chop [1] - 485 clarified [2] - 866 1347 1375 1499 10016 10310 compliance [8] - 954
chose [1] - 12819 1655 1547 1662 10719 12412 9511 9513 9610
CHRIS [4] - 3513 clarify [5] - 569 16715 17015 1252 1255 1315 9817 995 13219
3517 3610 3614 5613 6010 1265 17116 17211 14015 14315 16513
Chris [1] - 3514 1918 17319 17512 1619 1855 complicated [1] -
Christmas [1] - 8710 clarifying [2] - 657 1773 17712 commercial [10] - 1242
Chronicle [1] - 89 1066 17715 1781 3412 3414 997 complications [1] -
church [1] - 103 clarity [2] - 579 1786 17912 1439 16516 1881
Circadian [1] - 1339 17216 1803 1811 1819 16517 16610 complies [1] - 746
circumstances [1] -463
cities [1] - 629 citizens [2] - 1135 1729
CITY [1] - 12 city [20] - 397 5815 7718 8118 10117 1059 12213 1296 12912 13116 1338 13818 1418 14318 15117 15416 1728 17416 1763 1768
City [41] - 113 23 214 31 33 414 5511 5816 592 716 7918 8111 1013 1021 10413 12819 14613 1475 15012 15015 15115 1529 15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 16310 16616 1688 1695 17118 1734 17612
clauses [2] - 1095 10910
clear [17] - 494 515 586 727 7215 7410 8812 11012 12216 16014 1653 1656 16711 16714 1815 18415 1852
clearer [2] - 5312 1392
clearly [2] - 389 922 clerical [1] - 6115 clients [1] - 1057 cliff [2] - 1696 17112
clock [1] - 1086 close [8] - 2018 2418 2614 424 481 1283 13012 1431
closely [2] - 244 1071
closer [4] - 615 2812 677 18317
clothing [1] - 77 Code [16] - 694 6914 701 8314 924 962 1096 1097 12711
18215 1833 18310 18311 1851 1865 1895 18912 18914 19016
coincidence [1] -2310
colleague [1] - 1631 colleagues [8] - 612 102 391 4714 902 1498 15310 1621
COLLING [47] - 1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
Colling [1] - 1115 color [1] - 1468
1743 17516 18210
Commission [1] -19716
Commissioner [7] -896 8911 983 11112 11516 14718 14812
Committee [2] -10919 16612
committees [1] -1703
committing [1] -1422
common [1] - 188 COMMONWEALTH [1] - 1972
community [3] - 161 11113 1591
Community [9] - 113 115 23 1273 13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
comparing [1] - 5715 compel [2] - 561 565
complain [1] - 7517 complaining [1] -836
complaint [8] - 641
compliment [1] -7619
comply [2] - 9416 952
components [1] -1596
comprehensive [3] -1453 14616 16017
compromise [1] -4615
con [1] - 1404 conceived [1] -15411
concept [2] - 3718 404
concern [22] - 2615 2717 4415 465 4716 595 635 739 7312 7318 7815 7818 966 11710 1232 13212 1331 1521 1524 1663 16910 18413
concerned [19] - 397 4718 591 763 765 7718 7719 795 8019 824 825 831 838 8313 8611
combination [2] -
4
14111 14218 1434 16613
concerns [13] - 268 418 4418 451 497 5012 769 9615 9619 1219 14913 1504 18719
concur [7] - 4019 4117 423 8918 901 15217 1547
condenser [8] -4416 4510 4511 4514 4515 4517 466 4618
condition [6] - 314 401 453 789 12713 1281
conditional [1] -18813
conditioner [1] - 454 conditioning [4] -309 316 417 425
conditions [2] - 918 507
condoized [1] - 1810 confer [3] - 13112 1369 1736
confident [1] - 9616 confines [1] - 812 confirm [1] - 3819 confirmed [1] - 311 confirming [1] - 4016 conflict [1] - 1557 conform [5] - 6510 7119 737 9815 1309
conformance [11] -5616 607 611 612 617 962 9718 13012 1396 15110 16518
conforming [27] -1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 603 7017 7110 7910 816 922 9218 9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1365 1396
conformities [2] -333 9116
conformity [10] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 935 973 978 979 992
confused [4] -12118 1292 1343 1345
confusing [1] - 8215 confusion [3] - 631 10715 16418
congratulate [1] -4115
Connolly [2] - 111 45
CONNOLLY [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
conscious [1] - 1146 consciously [1] -1125
consensus [5] -1493 1496 16014 16716 17216
consequences [3] -5812 14210 1841
consider [5] - 993 10114 1031 15919 1622
consideration [4] -6312 6519 10413 16911
considerations [1] -5315
considered [3] -1031 1073 1363
considers [1] - 1407 consistent [3] - 626 868 1481
constitutes [2] - 826 1355
constructed [1] - 211 construction [8] -915 917 109 1011 1012 136 291 829
constructive [1] -510
consult [1] - 1166 consultant [1] - 8116 consulted [2] - 409 1734
contact [1] - 382 content [1] - 12413 context [2] - 1055 10516
continuance [1] -14110
continue [7] - 1814 322 324 5513 1398 18516
1886 Continued [2] - 219 219
continues [1] - 632 continuing [2] - 153 1584
continuous [5] - 734 1069 10614 1073 1074
CONTROL [1] -19719
control [4] - 3713 7813 15813 1597
controlled [1] - 1879 conventional [1] -504
conversation [2] -323 901
conversations [2] -5010 982
Conversion [1] - 28 conversion [2] - 195 1919
convert [4] - 27 1315 1415 4919
converted [2] - 3314 1406
conveyed [1] - 1922 conveyor [1] - 19113 convince [1] - 10315 copy [1] - 1956 core [2] - 6318 8018 corner [3] - 63 133 177
correct [14] - 1619 182 1819 1916 211 236 253 3316 11917 13415 13417 13811 17315 18310
correction [1] - 1965 corrections [2] -19512 19617
correctly [5] - 794 9914 1023 1294 1604
cost [1] - 467 costs [3] - 9816 14213 14215
Council [50] - 412 414 526 688 716 7918 1102 1231 12311 12314 12319 1249 12517 12519 1412 14613 1494 15012 15016 15115 1529
15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 1622 16214 1634 1688 1695 16915 1703 17012 17118 1731 17312 17318 17612 18018 1856 18516 1867 1885 1889 18814 19117 1922 1928 19219
COUNCILLOR [5] -1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
Councillor [3] -11515 1702 1916
councillor [1] - 1914 Councillors [1] -1475
counter [1] - 4316 country [1] - 7816 couple [6] - 411 2411 3518 7716 9818 13317
course [1] - 9713 Court [1] - 11415 court [1] - 1477 cover [3] - 484 12915 12916
covered [3] - 1717 4714 545
covers [2] - 1011 576
craft [1] - 14615 Craigy [2] - 12615 12617
crane [1] - 11316 create [5] - 214 32 286 5311 809
creates [1] - 7314 creating [3] - 303 804 856
creatures [1] - 12019 credit [1] - 7817 criticism [1] - 511 critique [3] - 10719 1082 1084
crossed [1] - 10617 crushed [1] - 289 curb [1] - 1282 curious [1] - 841 current [2] - 818 1355
cut [2] - 10410 1283 cyclists [1] - 10118
D
dally [1] - 479 damage [1] - 2616 damn [1] - 1478 dark [2] - 2216 1043 Dash [1] - 116 DATE [1] - 1961 date [3] - 911 13710 1966
daughters [1] - 1533 day-to-day [1] - 1749 days [4] - 285 11815 1694
deal [6] - 6815 7110 803 1522 1602 1725
dealing [5] - 7912 809 1008 1428 15119
decades [1] - 13616 deceased [1] - 135 December [1] - 912 decibel [1] - 461 decide [6] - 525 11813 12016 1244 12519 15116
decision [6] - 1133 11811 11815 1261 1883 19210
decisions [1] - 1157 deck [7] - 149 2611 301 347 348 3411 357
decker [2] - 1216 1217
decorative [1] - 1079 dedicated [2] - 3319 14818
deemed [2] - 766 1004
deer [1] - 13318 defer [1] - 917 define [1] - 4017 defined [4] - 217 1141 1142 1203
defining [2] - 3815 12010
definitely [1] - 4715 definition [4] - 7710 8212 944 11618
definitions [4] - 214 576 735 11413
degree [2] - 15819 delay [1] - 406 delete [2] - 10714 1295
deleted [1] - 6315
5
delivered [4] - 1953 1957 1958 19510
demand [1] - 9812 demarcate [1] - 3116 demolition [1] - 2819 demonstrate [1] -10514
demonstrated [1] -6113
dense [1] - 3719 denser [1] - 1438 density [2] - 1651 1652
Department [13] -718 10416 11117 1166 11614 14619 15113 15915 1733 1737 1868 1954 1959
departments [1] -16311
describe [1] - 186 described [3] - 6017 801 894
Design [2] - 216 1116
design [1] - 4115 desire [2] - 94 14411
desired [2] - 9710 9719
despite [2] - 1089 detail [2] - 645 1932 details [5] - 403 408 5013 11913 1612
detectors [1] - 10612 deteriorated [1] -1516
deterioration [1] -177
determination [1] -752
determine [4] - 8312 8411 14915 1514
determined [3] - 211 2712 1738
develop [4] - 2913 14318 14319 1611
developed [2] - 2911 3113
developers [1] -14214
developing [1] -16017
Development [8] -113 115 23
13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
development [2] -703 1419
Developments [1] -1273
deviate [1] - 5317 device [1] - 18119 diagram [2] - 786 791
dialogue [1] - 2514 diameter [1] - 1049 diametric [1] - 4013 difference [4] - 4513 469 1299 1561
differences [1] -1105
different [26] - 2415 2416 5419 552 624 625 6916 7018 8412 9015 9410 9411 1109 1142 12013 12019 1225 12211 12219 16110 1622 17414 17415 17811 1827
differently [2] - 197 392
difficult [4] - 5910 5913 6517 1414
difficulty [1] - 16919 dilly [1] - 478 dimensional [2] -816 505
dimensionally [2] -331 504
diminished [1] -1048
diminishing [1] -1416
direct [6] - 736 1069 1115 1389 17819 1798
DIRECT [1] - 19719 Direct [1] - 215 direction [2] - 865 8919
DIRECTION [1] -19719
directions [1] - 3912 directly [2] - 244 6015
directness [1] - 579 disagree [4] - 1587 18215 1839 1848
discomfort [1] - 756 discover [2] - 13215
15516 discovering [1] -15810
discovers [1] - 18412 discretionary [1] -5313
discuss [4] - 3215 3917 4010 1859
discussed [4] - 507 1227 18014 1932
discusses [1] - 707 discussion [13] -5019 5112 1092 10918 12319 13816 15213 16210 1639 1645 1647 1832 1834
discussions [3] -416 10711 17017
disposal [2] - 1459 15714
distance [4] - 1512 455 457 4512
distinction [2] - 996 9911
distribution [3] -1610 1611 1968
District [5] - 817 818 1314 505 1402
district [6] - 16415 16419 1651 1652 1678 1806
Districts [6] - 34 13614 13813 15615 1775 1784
districts [20] - 625 6212 6213 633 637 12918 12919 1383 1388 13815 1417 16416 16419 1658 16516 16610 16614 1744 1818 18417
divide [2] - 198 226 division [1] - 13310 DO [1] - 1965 Doctor [1] - 1428 document [1] - 574 documents [1] -14515
DOES [1] - 19718 dog [1] - 1177 done [15] - 264 2913 436 448
4413 522 7018 886 919 11919 12411 13219 1503 15711
door [4] - 1712 2114 442 6615
doubt [2] - 13114 13312
down [21] - 173 176 2218 485 566 669 8518 865 11111 11117 11514 11515 11613 11615 1173 1183 12011 13819 14315 1536 17817
downwards [1] - 895 draft [9] - 5213 5214 5217 1479 17111 19116 1937 1938 19315
drafted [5] - 7915 1503 15312 1629 17219
drafting [3] - 12510 1604 1843
drawing [2] - 217 3013
drawings [1] - 917 drink [1] - 3417 drive [1] - 761 driven [2] - 641 8813
driveway [10] - 94 95 145 146 1413 1715 8612 8617 1128 1283
driveways [1] -10611
duration [1] - 1012 during [6] - 9712 9713 1063 13319 13515 15410
Dwelling [1] - 210 dwelling [3] - 210 1310 503
dynamics [1] - 10116
easy [3] - 672 11315 18316
echo [1] - 902 edges [1] - 12916 Edmunds [1] - 1087 educational [1] -14219
effect [7] - 152 287 782 1064 14312 1657 16911
effective [4] - 7813 16217 1698 17114
efforts [2] - 918 1218
egress [1] - 149 eight [7] - 111 4217 475 4814 4818 494
either [9] - 495 615 11812 11814 1309 14114 14410 15017 19018
elaborated [1] -16318
Electrical [1] - 9215 electricity [1] - 1467 elements [3] - 10815 10817 1126
eleventh [1] - 18012 elimination [1] -17816
emphasis [1] - 773 empire [1] - 129 empty [1] - 518 enable [1] - 546 enabling [1] - 685 Enabling [1] - 719 enact [1] - 1891 enacted [2] - 18514 18515
enacting [1] - 16216 enactment [1] - 1051 enclave [1] - 2614 encompass [1] -15617
encompassing [1] -9210
encourage [4] - 613 712 4617 14317
end [10] - 97 629 7118 7713 1159 12014 17317 18016 18515 1897
endorsing [1] -18512
ends [1] - 1556 enforce [21] - 5910 7011 1071
E
e-mail [2] - 1014 1323
early [1] - 18815 easel [1] - 1112 easier [1] - 6711 easily [1] - 498 east [2] - 2016 4813
6
11112 11217 1109 1142 7217 19210 222 4112 10313 11517 11813 14710 except [3] - 12814 explanations [1] - fancier [1] - 1564 11814 1291 entirety [1] - 1355 18812 19616 905 far [4] - 1325 14518 12911 14116 entitled [1] - 7714 exceptions [4] - 589 explicit [2] - 11413 1462 1701 14319 1441 entrance [1] - 3116 5812 9212 14713 fast [1] - 15216 14916 15112 entrances [1] - 10710 explicitly [2] - 11013 favor [5] - 511 514 1566 1583 17411 excuse [3] - 13019 1796 15218 15219 18910 19215 entry [1] - 1717 13418 1584 expressed [2] - 464 15917 19216 enumerated [1] - exempt [1] - 1068 14911 favorably [1] - 1102
enforceability [1] - 1388 exercise [1] - 906 extend [1] - 277 fee [1] - 11817 1482 environment [3] - exist [1] - 1808 extended [1] - 16315 feedback [1] - 678
enforceable [1] - 381 10213 1033 existed [1] - 12818 extension [4] - 910 fees [1] - 1131 19214 environmental [1] - existence [5] - 5412 2113 5415 5416 feet [9] - 192 1912
enforced [15] - 6015 7815 5717 1002 extensive [2] - 109 4217 4317 4319 6916 11411 environments [1] - 12712 12713 5811 4818 744 7510 12716 12717 1598 existing [45] - 27 extent [7] - 553 1795 15518 1562 equipment [2] - 172 175 1710 5919 9019 9112 fell [1] - 95 15914 1636 14118 17411 184 1812 2018 9315 13011 fellow [3] - 464 1637 1659 1901 equivalent [2] - 855 222 3315 369 14716 4917 7916 1906 1907 1408 3610 3815 544 exterior [4] - 2617 felt [3] - 1509 19011 era [1] - 14513 561 566 5611 3010 948 10511 16214 19310
enforcement [33] - Errata [4] - 1952 6218 7012 7110 external [2] - 1155 few [3] - 467 915 5313 5912 5914 1955 19513 7114 806 953 1178 1898 6317 641 644 1967 956 973 977 extra [2] - 1689 field [1] - 1513 6411 7018 759 ERRATA [3] - 1951 9814 1149 1188 1898 figure [4] - 627 832 8813 9115 19517 1963 12011 1282 extremely [2] - 4518 1565 15813 9319 985 1106 errata [1] - 1966 1308 13113 466 19213 1118 1119 espouse [1] - 15611 13214 13411 eye [1] - 667 figures [1] - 1131 11115 11118 essence [1] - 15517 1516 1561 1566 file [2] - 6419 14411 11518 1204 13819 1394
essentially [4] -5817 929 9317
16117 1649 16719 1721
F filed [2] - 17314 17316
14114 1522 15619 1601 16314 16417 1721 1723 1896
enforcer [1] - 11612 enforcing [2] - 586 888
engage [1] - 1246 engaging [1] - 16019 engineered [1] -15419
engineers [2] -10211 10810
enhancement [1] -1519
enjoy [1] - 784 enjoyment [2] -11214 1413
enlargement [2] -9412 9414
enlarging [1] - 957 enormous [1] - 4512 enter [1] - 148 entering [2] - 10613 1798
enthusiasm [1] -16211
9918 established [2] - 696 13517
establishment [1] -1382
estate [1] - 74 et [1] - 213 etcetera [5] - 2610 1069 17816
evening [3] - 46 121 2314
eventually [2] - 6812 1685
everywhere [1] -9613
evidence [1] - 616 exacerbated [1] -333
exactly [8] - 813 10917 13617 1514 16110 16111 1747 19210
examine [1] - 6911 example [4] - 6912 10214 14211 1467
17218 1757 1896
expand [2] - 12913 12916
expanding [1] - 1041 expansiveness [1] -9516
expedient [2] -17110 1759
expense [1] - 1186 experience [4] - 386 7014 912 15814
experienced [2] -1191 16019
expert [8] - 6818 914 1114 15016 1513 15416 15514 1603
expertise [4] - 10416 10418 14115 14118
experts [7] - 10414 10811 1121 1339 1531 1557 16813
expiration [1] - 911 expire [1] - 10911
facade [3] - 63 488 4812
facilitate [1] - 601 facilities [1] - 17616 Facilities [1] - 216 facility [2] - 1746 17410
facing [4] - 1111 1026 15117 17616
fact [10] - 568 604 766 792 8115 8216 12716 1583 1592 1824
factors [1] - 582 failing [1] - 14215 fails [1] - 1821 fairly [1] - 3016 fall [8] - 1501 17317 17617 18117 1862 1888 18815
falling [2] - 1661 1825
falls [1] - 944 familiar [1] - 241
filled [2] - 69 713 final [5] - 9912 11815 11816 11915 1302
findings [1] - 506 fine [5] - 2515 6713 10417 1138 15811
finish [1] - 1386 finished [1] - 1132 firm [1] - 1093 firs [1] - 3518 first [23] - 48 2310 248 283 5018 576 6818 693 714 7116 799 8114 8818 908 9118 10216 10219 12614 13110 1349 1549 15919 1932
firsthand [1] - 7010 five [1] - 1449 fix [18] - 615 11016 11510 15412 1553 15616
entire [3] - 1012 examples [3] - 6919 Expires [1] - 19716 families [1] - 9910 17514 1767 12912 14613 7010 10912 explain [1] - 12711 family [7] - 122 18010 18019
entirely [4] - 2817 exceed [2] - 723 explaining [2] - 1483 1317 1416 1518 18513 18515
7
8 18519 1869 1739 15816 657 6717 7313 hearing [15] - 118 1881 1891 1894 forwarded [1] - 1927 grain [1] - 10417 814 8219 881 5114 5218 5315 19012 four [1] - 1039 grandfather [2] - 913 981 9912 683 8114 1011
fixed [2] - 19310 fourth [1] - 1056 1122 1157 10013 1075 11819 1399 19311 fox [1] - 13318 grandfathered [6] - 12118 1551 1436 14911
fixing [1] - 6812 framework [2] - 554 1139 11410 1882 16611 17312 fixture [17] - 793 5514 1285 1328 guesses [1] - 16813 1765 1932 827 8211 8213 8616 921 923
frankly [3] - 4510 4612 15612
13810 14512 grandfathering [19] -
guy [2] - 1191 11911
hearings [1] - 5714 HEARINGS [1] - 26
926 933 11010 free [1] - 662 9611 1099 1106 guys [4] - 1192 hedge [8] - 2418 11012 11315 11716 1307
friendly [1] - 1262 frivolous [6] - 7611
11013 1137 1167 1207 1208
1195 12016 19114
276 2918 429 4315 448 4818
13010 13016 17510
834 835 837 14112
1278 12817 1332 1394 1451 H
495 hedges [1] - 414
fixtures [8] - 567 FROM [1] - 1613 14917 1508 hedging [1] - 4212 602 603 6014 10516 11714 17418 18116
flashing [2] - 10118 1074
flawed [1] - 14912 fledged [1] - 1692 floodlight [1] - 1828 floodlighting [3] -13613 17917 1807
floodlights [1] - 1744 floor [4] - 211 63 283 851
focus [3] - 2910 15619 18116
folks [3] - 397 496 13216
follow [1] - 10011 Following [1] - 219 following [4] - 214 5213 17815
foot [22] - 126 1715 199 2113 4810 4814 495 6118 6514 6515 6610 723 7217 749 842 852 855 8517 1025 11912 1569
footprint [1] - 2817 FOR [1] - 12 foregoing [1] - 19616 FOREGOING [1] -19717
form [2] - 5217 1747
former [1] - 7014 fort [1] - 1571 forth [5] - 1028 15610 1841 19113 1979
forward [10] - 3819 4119 4913 5516 6410 6413 807 12318 1716
front [4] - 146 1711 3519 8613
full [2] - 1102 1692 full-fledged [1] -1692
fuller [1] - 16114 fully [2] - 543 1507 functional [1] - 9715 fundamental [1] -1202
fundamentally [2] -12019 14912
funds [1] - 15717 future [2] - 8010 1514
G
game [1] - 14411 garage [2] - 1212 148
garbage [4] - 302 1197 1473
gate [1] - 8618 gee [1] - 18211 GENERAL [2] - 12 22
general [8] - 539 558 642 7716 8919 915 1291 15711
General [2] - 218 802
generally [6] - 862 971 14517 1547 15917 18915
gesturing [1] - 787 given [2] - 2413 1855
glare [1] - 216 glasses [1] - 516 goal [1] - 18517 gonna [1] - 11813 gosh [1] - 15518 government [1] -
1602 17519 1761 1877
grandmothering [1] -1878
granted [3] - 814 445 1137
grates [1] - 284 Great [1] - 4312 great [18] - 49 3013 3018 329 336 338 339 4111 4216 4419 516 713 714 816 919 16218 1749
greater [2] - 210 553
green [1] - 1216 Green [3] - 1399 13915 1401
Greg [1] - 1115 GREGORY [47] -1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
grey [1] - 13318 grocery [1] - 1511 gross [2] - 211 1911 ground [4] - 63 383 788 864
grow [1] - 4217 grows [1] - 10117 guess [18] - 1019 2411 2815 3311
half [13] - 127 128 1219 139 458 6118 662 6610 723 7217 7518 8116 1405
hand [2] - 1915 19711
handbook [1] - 1153 handle [1] - 11110 hands [1] - 593 hands) [1] - 512 happy [5] - 4416 451 1497 1499 19110
hard [3] - 477 844 11315
hardship [4] - 13211 13215 13216 13218
harm [1] - 16218 harmed [1] - 14311 Harvard [1] - 13310 HAWKINSON [2] -14712 1914
Hawkinson [1] -14712
head [4] - 168 10119 1022 15513
health [7] - 1112 1115 1331 1335 1423 14210 14216
hear [8] - 3016 3017 402 675 12118 1251 19110 1924
heard [14] - 55 5017 6814 12317 12618 13111 13413 14113 1445 14415 14714 1621 16317 17515
HEARING [1] - 12
height [5] - 414 429 4212 4215 14010
held [2] - 5718 16310
help [8] - 8116 1226 1324 13218 13813 16019 1612 1624
helpful [1] - 17014 helps [3] - 1397 15819
hereby [1] - 19617 hereinbefore [1] -1979
hereunto [1] - 19711 hi [1] - 1110 Hi [1] - 1446 HID [3] - 12813 13013 13014
high [5] - 279 6119 629 667 11316
higher [1] - 1651 highlight [1] - 7817 hire [6] - 10414 15016 1522 15416 1603 16812
historian [1] - 13618 historical [1] - 1043 hit [1] - 8018 hold [4] - 8513 1051 1252 1571
home [1] - 1519 homeowner [1] -1183
honorable [1] -17612
hood [1] - 13213 hope [4] - 1158 1694 16914 17810
hopefully [2] - 8818 11511
hoping [4] - 1414
9 679 1266 1928 1835 1863 1866 10310 1111 indulge [1] - 14017 494 1977
horizontally [1] - 863 18612 18616 14816 15117 indulgence [2] - interesting [3] - 785 Hospital [1] - 1127 18619 1873 1523 18616 2513 3119 9110 1215 hot [1] - 1033 18812 18819 importantly [1] - industrial [3] - interests [1] - 1846
Hotel [2] - 89 812 18915 1903 1515 16610 1743 interfere [1] - 3914
hour [3] - 116 1092 1908 1912 1916 impossible [1] - 17517 interim [2] - 1623 18012 1919 1936 10314 inexpensive [1] - 16917
hours [2] - 1192 house [37] - 127
19314 Hugh [8] - 17 42
improper [1] - 1459 improve [1] - 1275
4218 infestation [1] - 1457
interpretation [1] -1849
128 129 1219 139 1310 222 244 2419 2518 269 2617 3017
3118 8011 8319 1212 14413 15214
Hughs [1] - 751
improved [2] - 335 4910
improvement [1] -8017
informal [1] - 16918 information [1] -19219
informed [1] - 13619
interpreted [1] - 9119 interrupt [1] - 1348 interrupted [1] -6712
376 414 437 hundreds [1] - 12714 improving [1] - 2919 initial [2] - 5317 intersection [1] -4315 4318 458 husband [1] - 135 impulse [1] - 1425 8215 1284 4719 489 4810 4816 742 743 I
IN [1] - 19711 inaudible [3] - 1077
initiate [1] - 16016 insert [2] - 17812
invisible [1] - 1716 involve [1] - 933
8612 9419 953 1157 17315 17815 involved [1] - 248 968 1059 10510 10511 1177 1184 1282 1289 1879
houses [1] - 481 hue [1] - 4215 hues [2] - 4216 4217
huge [1] - 10517 HUGH [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693 1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831
idea [6] - 517 2613 338 355 4211 1664
ideal [1] - 15414 ignore [1] - 1728 ignored [1] - 1366 illegally [1] - 1364 illuminance [8] - 581 582 848 8417 851 8515 8517 862
illuminating [1] -1024
illumination [3] -598 7715 11618
Illumination [1] - 33 illustrating [1] - 887 imagine [1] - 13313 imagining [1] - 856 immediate [2] - 5011 15715
immediately [2] -7114 17313
immortal [1] - 19019 immune [1] - 1418 impact [7] - 1514 984 1032 10518 12919 1518 1677
impacted [1] - 12917 impacts [1] - 16516 implementing [1] -17711
implication [1] -1854
implications [2] -1204 1207
implicit [1] - 14714 imply [1] - 632 important [12] -3618 371 396 434 437 9111
inaudible) [2] - 202 484
Inaudible) [2] - 2311 12116
INC [1] - 117 incandescent [2] -12810 12815
incandescents [1] -12812
inches [1] - 1048 inclined [1] - 916 include [6] - 363 364 16015 1732 1796
included [9] - 577 589 596 5918 7914 10618 1614 16112
includes [1] - 1331 including [3] - 9115 18716 18918
income [1] - 1813 incorporate [1] -1219
increase [1] - 592 increasingly [1] -7815
incredible [1] -19113
indeed [1] - 718 Index [1] - 36 indicate [1] - 19512 indicated [2] - 914 1808
indicating [1] -12512
Indirect [1] - 215 indirect [3] - 32 34 734
individual [3] - 654 756 7511
indoor [3] - 596 599 10213
Inspectional [4] -941 9812 14510 15718
Inspector [1] - 206 install [3] - 9215 1759
installed [2] - 562 13611
installer [2] - 6110 6113
installing [2] - 8815 10218
instance [4] - 588 5814 5818 987
instances [2] - 5510 1756
instead [1] - 653 INSTRUCTIONS [3] -1951 19511 1964
instructions [1] -1968
instrument [2] -1046 15811
instrumentation [1] -1206
instruments [1] -11619
insurance [2] - 75 1184
intend [1] - 2916 intended [3] - 722 16011 1799
intends [2] - 6416 1755
intensely [1] - 15815 intensity [1] - 858 intent [2] - 539 7413 intention [1] - 1698 interaction [1] - 382 interest [3] - 3014 413 12619
interested [3] - 2412
inward [1] - 272 issue [32] - 2918 307 4210 5313 541 545 715 773 777 7815 7818 881 1122 11910 12216 1242 1305 1337 13311 13313 14917 1507 1508 1512 15119 1602 1648 1766 1844 1845 18611 1887
issues [11] - 6412 8018 872 1272 1338 1515 1516 15117 1525 15812 1682
item [5] - 48 51 5111 648 1353
iteration [1] - 312 itself [6] - 364 3616 5215 6012 19514 1966
J
jail [1] - 8717 jam [1] - 417 Jeff [25] - 5116 521 529 6712 711 713 7618 797 904 906 9019 10015 10017 10112 1066 1108 1142 12710 1294 13415 1606 1662 16818 1717 1742
JEFF [31] - 528
6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514 9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
Jeffs [2] - 1217 1225
Jo [3] - 1317 1319 19016
JO [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
job [7] - 516 6812 713 714 887 1012 1324
John [2] - 14711 14712
JOHN [2] - 14712 1914
judgment [2] - 1719 18314
July [3] - 13 415 55
jurisdiction [1] - 461 justification [1] -1426
kinds [2] - 9919 1248
kitchen [2] - 4316 4815
knowledge [5] - 319 349 7418 912 19710
known [1] - 1361
L
lab [1] - 1406 lack [4] - 14117 14118
lacks [2] - 14114 1435
ladder [2] - 4318 442
laid [3] - 946 1473 1879
Lamp [1] - 215 lamp [1] - 5910 lamps [1] - 1022 land [1] - 1153 landscape [2] - 2913 4412
landscaping [1] -5013
language [35] - 2816 5516 5517 609 726 7313 765 7914 1015 10115 1225 12317 12318 1264 12914 12916 1617 1618 1628 16216 1649 1653 16712 16816 1716 17218 17614 17619 1774 17719 17916 18114 18211 18519 1877
languages [1] -14610
large [2] - 3016 15819
largely [1] - 5317 larger [1] - 1616 largest [1] - 1043 last [18] - 510 98 4412 5314 715 772 10813 10918 11716 12117 1267 13116 1405 14013 14911 1619 1817 18711
lastly [1] - 1148 late [1] - 1813 law [8] - 5411 559 774 9919 1291 1421 1847 18919
Law [5] - 717 1166 1733 1736 1868
lawful [1] - 12718 lawfully [4] - 5412 12712 12713
laws [3] - 546 548 698
Lawson [1] - 1974 lawyer [1] - 1837 lawyers [1] - 11214 laxer [1] - 1437 layman [1] - 1275 laymens [1] - 845 learned [1] - 13817 lease [2] - 3615 3815
leases [7] - 361 369 3610 4017 4613 4616
least [10] - 666 9318 1042 12913 1596 16417 18411 18911 1902 19317
leave [3] - 9217 1333 1358
leaving [1] - 10613 left [6] - 1210 1217 6116 6311 8213
legal [11] - 151 154 563 6819 922 11211 1169 1365 1396 16912 1845
legitimacy [2] -12719 13112
legitimate [1] - 7516 Lesley [2] - 104 108 less [5] - 1818 192 5312 14311 1523
lesson [1] - 14011 letters [1] - 11812 level [9] - 4517 462 662 7419 753 14219 1655 16518 17012
Li [5] - 134 136 2713 439 4418
Lianne [6] - 212 1118 2718 288 308 499
Liannes [1] - 259 license [1] - 828
License [1] - 19715 life [2] - 9713 1556 Light [2] - 215 215 light [82] - 3115 5113 5611 604 6011 6019 616 663 6614 704 707 7113 736 743 7519 7615 781 7813 7818 8211 8213 849 8413 8414 8416 8417 8419 856 858 8513 8517 8814 893 1025 10219 10414 10516 1072 1073 1074 10815 10817 10818 10819 11011 1113 1114 1115 1124 1129 1138 11311 11312 1143 1147 11518 12011 1307 13115 13214 13315 1388 1389 1429 1432 14312 1453 14919 15119 1535 17819 1798 17910 17914 18116 18117 1825 18212
Lighting [2] - 32 34 lighting [73] - 3111 3113 395 398 3910 3913 5012 544 561 562 566 5611 5615 5815 592 596 599 659 687 703 7016 793 846 8615 8616 898 914 9216 951 953 961 9610 9711 9712 9718 9813 9814 995 10215 10515 1067 10610 1079 10811 1097 1126 11512 11513 11917 1338 13410 13412 13517 1361 13610 1372 1409 14617 1471 1478 1532 1597
16018 1747 1748 17412 17417 1753 1758 17818 18518
lights [22] - 217 3114 3911 8710 10116 10119 10212 1032 1035 10410 10816 1116 1149 11410 1162 1175 12810 13112 13113 1321 1878
limit [1] - 17710 limitations [5] -16411 16414 1722 1724 1727
Limitations [1] - 218 limited [2] - 1002 15113
limits [1] - 1018 Lincoln [1] - 11215 LINE [1] - 1969 line [13] - 1010 2111 2419 261 271 277 455 4610 482 724 745 11217 1353
list [5] - 49 1014 639 10710 12614
listen [2] - 9013 9016
listened [2] - 771 12617
lit [2] - 8117 1129 literally [1] - 296 litigated [2] - 14918 14919
live [4] - 1325 13914 1401 1448
lives [1] - 2311 living [8] - 615 1814 3719 424 1438 14310 14312 14514
Liza [6] - 115 514 617 71 87 1113
LIZA [17] - 414 54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
located [1] - 1044 location [4] - 61 4415 4514 7512
K
Kaya [2] - 89 812 keep [3] - 5316 668 978
Kelly [1] - 11911 Ken [1] - 12616 Kendall [1] - 1762 Kenneth [1] - 12615 KENNETH [9] -12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
key [2] - 4513 1139 KeyWord [1] - 36 kidding [1] - 18710 kids [1] - 77 kind [17] - 286 3012 311 4212 594 651 6511 8413 852 891 9211 1027 16317 1725 17417 1789 1924
10
locations [2] - 1510 1023 15717 15718 2717 308 10318 modified [4] - 5517 671 map [1] - 157 MEANS [1] - 19718 1076 1368 15911
long-term [1] - 18517 March [1] - 1132 meant [6] - 568 Merrimack [1] - 1116 1617 look [22] - 513 103 MARILYN [4] - 5613 631 974 meter [2] - 8511 modify [2] - 33 532 242 2417 298 13912 13916 1159 1653 8514 moles [1] - 1342 305 3714 496 13919 14316 measure [9] - 8414 method [1] - 11010 moment [5] - 509 6213 663 6912 Marilyn [2] - 13912 8510 8511 metrics [1] - 1603 533 1348 17016 6918 815 10619 1401 15013 1553 mic [1] - 1802 1814 1174 11810 Marjorie [2] - 1399 15613 16216 microphone [2] - money [2] - 13218 13117 1567 13910 1633 16313 674 677 14117 1748 1754 1755 mark [1] - 492 measured [2] - 852 midsummer [3] - month [2] - 406 18317 Mark [6] - 2311 863 413 1695 1705 1579
looked [4] - 59 196 2315 4310 4415 measurement [1] - might [39] - 272 months [3] - 411 6919 11610 472 4718 874 293 294 295 915 1898
looking [13] - 5712 MARK [15] - 2314 measuring [1] - 297 4218 447 mood [1] - 393 5715 646 779 258 2519 263 15413 4413 482 4814 morning [2] - 242 7713 788 1061 266 279 2714 meat [1] - 15913 5718 606 7114 1195 17414 17415 2814 305 315 mechanical [1] - 499 782 966 993 mortar [1] - 172 17610 17613 3110 3117 329 mechanicals [3] - 996 1007 1032 most [14] - 77 246 1778 1789 491 493 388 389 3810 10317 1052 3710 4713 597
looks [6] - 105 Marks [1] - 451 mechanism [3] - 10512 10518 7711 9110 9111 2016 253 306 market [1] - 1022 6916 823 8813 1063 1079 16215 1654 761 10812 marks [3] - 254 mechanisms [2] - 12314 1348 17113 17114
lots [1] - 189 19514 1966 819 15916 1435 1437 1759 1813 loud [1] - 4511 markups [1] - 1858 Medical [1] - 13310 15818 16217 mostly [1] - 5210 low [1] - 6210 marriage [1] - 1976 meet [1] - 14515 16517 16519 motion [8] - 4913 lower [2] - 6617 masonry [1] - 178 Meeting [1] - 25 1689 17118 4918 5014 5019 1652 Mass [2] - 701 meeting [14] - 47 1779 1867 511 10117
lowering [1] - 14215 14713 413 415 418 18613 1904 10611 1072 lowest [1] - 662 MASSACHUSETTS 2914 6710 mile [1] - 7518 Mount [1] - 1127 Luminaire [1] - 215 [1] - 1972 13116 1696 mind [4] - 4118 mouth [1] - 14414 luminaire [3] - 664 Massachusetts [6] - 1704 1705 1707 7215 835 10617 move [4] - 3011 1795 1799 15 16 1117 1856 1857 mine [1] - 259 4119 6410 676
luminance [6] - 847 1045 1403 1404 18511 minimal [1] - 746 moved [4] - 106 848 8411 8415 match [1] - 1713 meetings [2] - 11113 minimally [1] - 1514 138 5015 1739 855 15610 material [4] - 289 1817 minimum [4] - 211 movement [1] - 272
lux [2] - 8511 8514 1034 1035 1036 materials [2] - 2716
meets [3] - 1913 732
1818 665 13011 minor [2] - 796
moving [1] - 4511 multi [4] - 999
M 415 matter [11] - 102
MEMBER [2] - 1613 673
1654 minute [3] - 111
10313 1578 1579
magic [1] - 116 magnitudes [1] -10411
mail [2] - 1014 1323 main [1] - 17812 maintain [3] - 5610 9516 973
maintenance [1] -5013
Maintenance [1] -216
major [6] - 1103
4314 6115 14019 1421 1422 14417 1572 1976 1977
matters [4] - 4010 6819 916 16814
maximizing [1] -14214
mean [25] - 3410 384 483 7515 8211 832 839 883 9315 963 9613 10415
Member [7] - 18 19 19 110 110 111 111
members [7] - 121 513 7916 908 9013 1237 15511
Members [2] - 42 4917
memo [5] - 7914 7918 19116 1924 1929
memorialize [1] -
1086 1254 minutes [2] - 479 11914
miscellaneous [1] -706
misgivings [1] -14419
missed [1] - 1436 missing [5] - 7711 7715 785 11413 17713
mistaken [1] - 9913 models [1] - 5719
multi-family [1] -10313
multi-month [1] -1579
multi-unit [1] - 999 multi-year [1] - 1578 multiple [2] - 1449 14610
municipal [20] - 687 11917 1453 14615 14616 1478 15018 1541 15419
1104 1201 10614 1261 1149 modern [2] - 14011 15712 1601 13718 14210 12717 13013 memorialized [1] - 17413 16017 16018
Manager [4] - 113 13912 1644 1163 modification [4] - 16212 1692 15115 16310 1654 1717 1726 memorializing [1] - 16719 1683 1701 18717 17119 17914 1809 1277 1688 17018 Municipal [7] - 547
manager [1] - 23 1852 memory [1] - 9913 modifications [4] - 694 8314 1096 manner [3] - 552 means [5] - 8417 mention [1] - 432 5211 5310 1097 11018 6413 1574 8516 12717 mentioned [4] - 16113 1629 1247
manufactured [1] -
11
Murphy [2] - 113 23 MURPHY [1] - 5015 music [2] - 1532 1536
must [6] - 659 951 14416 1467 1727
N
nails [1] - 12011 name [6] - 1115 2312 352 3514 13919 1446
natural [1] - 9713 nature [1] - 295 nay [1] - 1538 near [1] - 4815 nearby [2] - 159 1510
nearly [1] - 7712 necessarily [3] -5610 6417 7518
necessary [1] - 269 need [21] - 2616 327 387 388 3812 3814 3819 411 6314 9012 9016 9319 10414 11713 12415 12913 12915 14618 15713 1861 19310
needed [1] - 15015 needs [6] - 2912 1512 1531 15711 15719 1921
neighbor [6] - 4419 463 6615 6811 788 878
neighbors [1] - 443 neighborhood [11] -67 1514 1519 2319 11116 1121 11612 1193 1321 13314 13316
neighbors [10] - 384 3913 5819 7612 11211 11212 11419 1457 17511
network [1] - 685 never [3] - 1159 12715 1287
new [25] - 211 214 32 49 84 173 2819 5518 5616 5915 634 6313
703 817 828 9215 958 9716 1184 12110 1309 1368 1369
newer [2] - 602 1752
news [2] - 412 1610 newspaper [1] - 1611 Newton [2] - 701 801
Newtons [1] - 6919 next [13] - 410 51 104 1013 112 416 442 5111 6316 6615 7613 11519 1869
next-door [2] - 442 6615
nice [6] - 304 3718 4114 496 4911 11616
nicely [1] - 11519 night [12] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 10117 10412 11617 11619 1206 1337 13314 1344
nightmare [1] - 8219 nobody [3] - 3218 14511 18213
noise [14] - 2717 287 3015 416 4516 4517 4617 498 6912 7112 1409 14210 1432 1532
Non [2] - 27 28 non [44] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 195 3219 333 337 4919 558 5512 569 5611 602 6213 6819 7110 7910 816 9112 9116 922 9212 9216 973 978 979 992 9919 1005 1009 10510 1073 1074 1285 1286 1364 1396 15110 1806 1896
non-conformance [1] - 15110
non-conforming [23] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 7110 7910 816 922
9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1396
non-conformities [2] - 333 9116
non-conformity [9] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 973 978 979 992
non-continuous [2] -1073 1074
non-enforcement [1] - 1896
non-residential [4] -195 4919 6213 1806
Non-Residential [2] -27 28
non-zoning [2] -6819 1005
nonetheless [1] -15814
Norfolk [2] - 56 714 noses [1] - 296 NOT [3] - 19514 1965 19718
Notary [3] - 1967 1975 19714
notations [2] -19514 1966
note [7] - 619 6414 656 657 734 1043 1964
noted [2] - 7413 19617
notes [4] - 14014 1696 17112 1979
nothing [4] - 4611 4614 1454 1708
notice [1] - 1847 notify [1] - 1673 notion [3] - 1552 1694 17016
nowadays [1] - 4518 noxious [1] - 14311 nuisance [2] - 805 11213
nuisances [1] -11218
number [3] - 210 665 1165
numbering [1] - 575 numbers [1] - 2510 NUR [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
Nur [2] - 111 1917
O 8616 8617 9912 1023 1025 1029 1055 1065 1077 1118 11217 1195 1258 12710 12814 1333 14810 14916 1533 1534 1535 15617 1608 1626 16415 1757 17517 1778 18015 1917 19317
ones [1] - 1414 one-story [3] - 1210 1311 1815
onerous [2] - 994 1186
ones [4] - 2018 214 216 11717
ongoing [1] - 808 open [8] - 225 334 3313 3315 342 3511 3715 5218
opening [1] - 958 openings [3] - 2015 2017 1799
opinion [2] - 6013 19317
opossums [1] - 1343 opportunities [1] -6412
opportunity [3] -4010 1674 18210
opposed [2] - 8316 10218
opposites [1] - 1534 opposition [1] - 403 opt [1] - 17310 order [4] - 535 6715 1058 14016
Ordinance [56] - 214 5410 554 556 594 684 695 6915 705 7011 747 7810 7812 791 802 10919 11018 11217 11816 1247 12411 1279 12816 12911 1306 13416 1352 1356 1357 1358 13510 1362 13615 1374 13712 13713 13716 13717 1381
oclock [1] - 475 OGrady [1] - 13119 objections [1] - 1933 observation [1] -15515
observations [1] -1549
observatory [1] -10410
observed [1] - 6015 obviously [7] - 2615 357 3617 484 7719 963 15112
occupancy [1] - 1181 Occupancy [1] -1186
occupied [2] - 1317 186
occupier [1] - 2315 occupy [1] - 502 occur [1] - 2817 occurring [1] - 3014 October [1] - 2319 OF [7] - 12 673 19516 1972 19717 19718 19719
Off-Street [1] - 216 off-street [1] - 17615 offenses [1] - 706 offensive [1] - 17510 offer [3] - 1007 1335 17213
offering [2] - 12410 12412
office [5] - 73 75 989 1406 16616
OFFICIAL [1] - 118 officials [1] - 12213 often [5] - 11712 1182 1605 1746
old [2] - 601 6313 older [1] - 1752 on-line [1] - 1010 once [3] - 1099 11012 1555
one [68] - 418 59 715 127 1210 1311 154 1719 1815 1913 2015 227 2215 267 2812 3214 379 423 459 4716 5315 541 5510 5618 5916 6414 656 6514 6515 7013 7111 723 804 8213 8513
12
13 1393 1407 overreach [1] - 764 711 718 374 9918 1279 person [7] - 2310 14114 1426 overshadow [1] - 422 428 4216 13317 643 6418 835 14417 14518 4815 4312 456 8319 past [3] - 285 445 11814 12614 1462 14611 owe [1] - 19316 8610 8714 8718 6811 1317 14614 1511 own [7] - 2318 8810 8910 path [4] - 4810 personally [4] -1543 1593 5817 593 14215 13017 1311 9319 11417 6813 1501 1527 16612 17718 1556 16813 14314 1539 17117 17513 17814 18412 17311 15318 paved [1] - 2812 personnel [1] -18511 owned [2] - 134 Pamela [2] - 19 43 pay [3] - 9815 1144 15416
ordinance [25] - 1617 paragraph [11] - 1431 persons [1] - 1438 4516 6913 7112 7113 9915 1004 1097 11512 11513 1372
owner [26] - 1118 1315 1317 1412 1418 186 1811 2315 3619 614
1295 12910 13415 1354 1377 1384 16118 1684
PB282 [1] - 27 pending [1] - 1691 people [38] - 3416 372 3714 382
perspective [3] -8017 9115 9116
Petition [25] - 5113 812 11517 1465
1454 14616 649 6415 6418 17113 17114 383 4717 5116 14912 1502 14617 1478 653 742 755 1905 603 6719 7319 1528 15311 15018 1542 7514 804 805 Paragraph [1] - 217 7516 7912 8217 1616 1626 1647 15419 15712 9311 10315 parallel [1] - 17117 993 1027 1041 1667 1697 1601 16018 16213 1692
10317 13016 1756 18210
parameters [2] - 899 1015
1057 10519 11111 1161
17611 17613 17618 17713
18518 18718 Ordinances [6] -5712 597 5919 623 6619 15519
owners [1] - 744 owner-occupied [2] -1317 186
owners [7] - 562
pardon [1] - 249 park [1] - 5819 parking [23] - 92 145 1411 1417
11613 1175 1206 12419 1345 13813 13815 1433
1816 18115 18416 18512 18719 1923 19211 1934
ORIGINAL [1] - 1958 783 10311 1309 1419 151 153 14312 1458 petition [40] - 217 original [10] - 5516 1518 1519 154 155 201 1513 1522 1581 5311 5317 5319 578 5813 764 17517 432 502 659 1669 18014 5516 564 578 9010 1373 1646 1735 1952 1959
ownership [1] - 188 Oxford [1] - 72
6516 661 6612 6616 1049 1746
1863 19114 19119
5813 626 6310 6319 656 6514
originally [5] - 9612 17410 1758 peoples [1] - 3710 8112 821 9010 9918 1372 1502 1529
P 1761 17615 Parking [2] - 29 216
per [3] - 211 192 855
9517 10014 10619 11611
otherwise [3] - 4710 606 1147
ought [3] - 1251 15016 16619
ourselves [2] -18414 18415
outcome [2] - 9710 1977
pm [2] - 14 19319 pack [3] - 417 681 1828
package [2] - 2613 5212
packs [1] - 6810 PADEN [17] - 414
part [20] - 2217 245 6913 6914 9915 10419 10517 13416 14417 1452 1465 14611 14615 16018 1685 16817 16919
percent [2] - 1209 perfect [3] - 7712 12414 15911
perhaps [5] - 613 998 12710 1381 1686
period [2] - 1002 14617
12012 12017 1217 12116 1221 1224 12214 1231 12311 12513 1267 1271 1357 15911 16618 1735 17311
outcomes [1] - 1105 outdoor [14] - 3111 3113 3618 4012 4614 598 10213 10610 13613 1744 17410 17411 17917
54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
Paden [1] - 115
1813 18617 19011
participate [1] - 1441 participated [1] -1101
particular [8] - 818 273 541 5719
permanent [1] - 1067 permeability [1] -415
permeable [1] - 2811 permissible [1] - 210 permission [2] - 445 891
1782 1784 petitioner [2] - 6018 10014
phone [1] - 1093 phonetic [1] - 13911 photo [2] - 2612 895
1807 outgrow [1] - 483 outside [3] - 6513 9811 1474
overall [6] - 1011 5310 553 5514
PAGE [2] - 19516 1969
page [13] - 574 576 585 5917 608 6112 6316 658 1352 17813
646 7512 876 14016
particularly [7] - 67 417 424 12212 14914 15312 16315
Permit [14] - 27 814 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 9214 9215 1172 11713
physical [2] - 6014 1598
picture [1] - 1124 piece [7] - 4412 5618 816 833 1052 12511
5618 6016 overbroad [2] -14913 1505
overhang [2] - 1715 2113
Overlay [1] - 816 overlook [1] - 245 overly [1] - 966
17817 Page [3] - 219 572 1967
pages [1] - 573 pains [1] - 1577 painting [2] - 2610 968
PAMELA [24] - 514 65 611 616 79
parties [3] - 281 7710 1976
parts [1] - 1783 party [4] - 262 759 787 1957
pass [2] - 1235 1276
passed [4] - 915
permit [5] - 210 911 314 941 1016
Permits [1] - 758 permits [1] - 12817 Permitted [1] - 31 permitted [3] - 1001 1068 10615
1332 pieces [1] - 1939 pitch [1] - 8619 pitches [2] - 10815 10817
place [6] - 167 1245 1333 1596 1624 18911
placed [1] - 1111 portion [4] - 2812 primarily [1] - 498 1797 proposing [14] -places [3] - 5717 666 1353 13818 primary [4] - 2910 pronged [2] - 802 1315 141 144 1064 1415 portions [2] - 215 1425 1521 8616 1417 174 179
plan [25] - 1011 1351 16212 proper [2] - 752 1710 1714 183 1719 187 2317 position [1] - 12111 principle [2] - 6017 1096 1261 1262 1687 2417 2418 255 possibility [2] - 2413 1837 properly [1] - 1473 18510 1881
2619 2815 292 17010 principles [1] - properties [9] - 1215 prospective [1] -2912 2916 3011 possible [11] - 5319 15611 1218 1717 782 9113 3111 3113 339 601 6815 9211 privacy [2] - 275 16512 16517 protect [2] - 14216 3910 3915 4111 9717 9718 9911 3617 17416 1794 14815 7015 9813 9815 13011 13012 private [7] - 3319 property [70] - 1319 proved [1] - 823 10517 10518 1416 1437 3618 376 377 142 144 154 provide [7] - 3910 1176 possibly [3] - 5811 3712 3717 3914 156 1813 2017 5418 615 645
planned [4] - 4818 1077 1479 privatization [1] - 2019 2111 223 6412 9211 1909 14110 1447 postpone [1] - 1246 14212 2218 233 241 providing [1] - 155 1708 potentially [2] - 611 pro [1] - 808 245 2419 257 provision [13] - 559
PLANNING [2] - 12 7414 pro-active [1] - 808 258 259 2517 5815 5915 642 1961 power [3] - 1005 problem [19] - 615 261 271 276 704 767 1078
Planning [21] - 47 17117 1892 686 719 7913 277 3317 3510 1298 15517 814 91 919 powerful [1] - 12812 803 8019 1099 443 455 4610 15614 16515 118 5314 5810 practical [3] - 4313 12115 12119 482 489 5014 17019 1721 12016 12219 11710 1854 1221 1223 562 614 6416 provisions [4] - 571 12618 1475 pre [3] - 7012 7110 13015 13210 6418 653 6611 17717 18111 15817 1672 1068 14218 1459 708 724 736 1896 1687 17310 pre-exempt [1] - 15414 1634 742 744 745 provocative [1] -1883 1886 1941 1068 1809 18214 755 7514 783 1314 19512 1964 pre-existing [2] - problematic [1] - 784 804 805 Public [4] - 14510 19616 7012 7110 12215 9311 10312 1967 1975
planning [4] - 303 predicate [1] - 1143 problems [5] - 679 1128 13810 19714 311 446 1844 preempt [1] - 18818 1216 12111 1414 1518 1657 public [17] - 103
plans [6] - 59 3018 preference [2] - 402 1226 1463 1661 1679 118 209 239 7014 1175 1179 12316 procedurally [1] - 17517 1791 5114 5713 5819 1182 premise [1] - 1202 1554 1792 1793 1796 595 6718 9014
plant [1] - 448 premises [1] - 17617 procedure [2] - 1797 17915 1112 12619 plantings [2] - 267 2619
pleased [1] - 304 plighting [1] - 8712 podium [1] - 2312 point [21] - 215 2115 2118 3518 6410 6519 6714 724 8415 8519 867 926 9314 1056 1077 1259 1491 1492 1663 1686 1882
pointed [2] - 895 1108
pointing [2] - 1592 16413
points [3] - 4714 796 1938
police [1] - 1005 policy [2] - 1184 1728
poor [2] - 839 8910 population [2] -1424 14815
porch [1] - 7614 porches [1] - 10611
prepared [1] - 3916 present [3] - 5813 14813 14814
presentation [5] -515 903 12211 14715 15411
presented [1] - 1529 presenting [1] - 521 Preston [2] - 111 44 PRESTON [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
pretty [12] - 6811 9616 12412 15810 15811 15815 15817 16014 16816 16819 17316 1864
prevents [1] - 735 previous [3] - 281 11418 14810
previously [2] -1584 18013
16812 17015 proceed [2] - 3119 527
process [26] - 203 204 207 249 2911 407 645 648 7610 8118 10013 1016 10311 10419 10917 10918 11414 11510 1168 1188 12014 12113 1247 16016 16413 17313
process-wise [1] -10013
produce [1] - 1036 produces [1] - 10217 productive [1] - 1712 professional [4] -868 1573 1611 1844
professionals [1] -11018
profit [1] - 14212 prohibiting [1] -
18118 1826 18210 18213
propertys [1] - 134 proponent [5] - 1617 3312 388 3910 9010
proponents [1] -9612
proposal [18] - 1513 195 2914 3216 338 9012 937 1013 1014 1277 15218 16318 16319 1685 1754 1771 17812
propose [4] - 452 1683 17018 18519
proposed [20] - 221 267 3319 5211 533 539 568 5716 7118 9314 9517 12413 1358 1367 1368 1618 1717 17217 18110 19212
1284 14216 14818
PUBLIC [1] - 26 publish [1] - 1673 pull [1] - 1938 pulling [1] - 1172 Purpose [1] - 7714 purpose [4] - 3411 5419 551 7812
purposes [1] - 275 pursuant [1] - 28 pursue [1] - 688 put [26] - 516 1010 1015 4213 4318 442 4913 5516 5910 681 8710 964 10214 10215 10216 10717 11311 1244 13615 14016 1474 15417 16915 17314 18813 18814
Putnam [7] - 27 119 1119 123 124 125 1215
14
putting [3] - 989 10219 1177
rating [1] - 582 ratio [2] - 665 667 rationale [1] - 523 rats [1] - 1472 re [3] - 5319 14615 1681
re-advertise [1] -1681
re-advertisement [1] -5319
re-craft [1] - 14615 reached [3] - 16716 17215 1874
reaction [2] - 1275 1812
read [8] - 33 748 13918 17716 1781 1785 18211 19616
reading [4] - 692 8514 19512 1964
ready [1] - 4912 real [13] - 74 418 4513 871 10010 11017 11018 11019 11511 11513 15417 15615 16210
reality [1] - 1725 realize [1] - 393 really [56] - 1716 365 366 3719 395 425 4811 587 6110 682 741 774 791 7913 7919 8111 832 857 8619 905 9710 9810 1014 10115 10414 10417 10617 1081 11114 11419 1164 11913 12115 1332 1513 15116 15216 1531 15310 15312 15410 15414 1577 15715 1592 1647 16411 16413 1786 18013 19119 1924 1925 19215 19218
Realty [1] - 72 rear [6] - 176 268 3318 413 4719 4816
reason [12] - 5511
669 1111 1308 1391 14010 14310 1638 1757 18312 19011 1965
REASON [6] - 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614 19615
reasonable [3] -6114 6611 11213
reasonably [1] -9114
reasons [2] - 10317 19513
recap [1] - 18713 RECEIVED [1] -19518
received [1] - 1846 recent [1] - 1742 recently [4] - 77 264 1404 14113
recess [3] - 111 114 519
recessed [1] - 3114 recognized [1] - 151 recollection [2] -9916 1007
recommend [13] -102 688 10413 12310 1266 1276 14612 1494 1502 15612 1616 1884 18913
recommendation [30] - 5112 5214 5215 5217 716 7918 814 8110 9016 9617 10017 12516 12518 1263 1293 15012 15211 15616 16015 16016 1615 16212 1731 1733 1843 18714 18715 18717 18917 18919
recommendations [6] - 10018 1464 1481 15918 17214 1926
recommended [5] -205 652 6516 6918 16113
recommending [4] -965 1528 15219 18018
reconfigure [1] - 93 reconstruction [1] -5416
record [3] - 1934 1957 19618
RECORD [1] - 118 recording [1] - 648 recourse [2] - 614 15719
redirect [1] - 8819 redrafted [1] - 7712 reduce [3] - 501 13010 13015
Reduction [1] - 29 reduction [2] - 144 1919
refer [2] - 11010 11012
Refer [1] - 1967 reference [4] - 7118 1067 1349 15019
referenced [1] -15916
references [1] - 1569 referred [3] - 5115 975 1101
referring [3] - 4914 11718 1774
refers [3] - 1074 11010 1777
reflected [1] - 877 reflecting [1] - 1751 reflection [1] - 217 reflects [1] - 1011 regard [1] - 7212 regarding [1] - 18716 regular [1] - 6710 regulate [1] - 6013 regulated [2] - 6010 6012
regulation [8] - 609 6016 6313 6314 13411 1566 1623 1632
regulations [9] - 505 5617 634 636 659 698 888 945 1562
regulatory [1] -17618
reinventing [1] -1563
relate [2] - 412 247 related [8] - 307 416 1272 1303 1305 15314 15319 1976
relates [4] - 757 759 1599
relating [2] - 509
5011 relative [2] - 226 10015
relief [7] - 1918 4915 806 1136 15715 1581 1909
rely [2] - 5312 16312
remain [2] - 188 1001
remains [2] - 6016 7210
remedy [1] - 14611 remedying [1] -14119
remember [5] - 617 813 97 8113 1646
remind [4] - 473 476 10013 1057
remove [3] - 31 34 176
removed [1] - 454 renovate [1] - 172 renovation [4] - 247 355 4716 10517
renovations [1] -2617
rental [3] - 1813 3318 364
renter [1] - 6419 renting [2] - 139 8218
REP [1] - 1962 repair [1] - 269 repairs [1] - 969 repeatedly [2] -10415 1429
rephrase [1] - 7315 REPLACE [1] -19516
replace [5] - 216 178 11313 11315 13016
replaced [1] - 9711 replacement [3] -601 956 11312
replacing [3] - 1713 923 1138
report [1] - 17119 reported [1] - 1156 Reporter [2] - 1974 19714
REPORTER [1] -19719
REPORTERS [1] -117
represent [1] - 2217 represented [1] -4011
Q
quadrupled [2] -1381 14519
quantify [1] - 12416 questions [17] - 51 2012 2015 2213 246 2410 536 6716 711 9819 1062 1248 1249 1314 15014
queue [1] - 17314 quick [24] - 2012 2014 5619 9819 10011 1089 10810 11016 11510 1545 15412 1553 15616 17514 1767 18010 18019 18314 18513 18514 18519 1869 1881 18819
quickly [2] - 9717 1235
quiet [4] - 4515 4518 466 1413
quite [8] - 2618 4114 4516 496 12417 13616 14011 1495
quoted [1] - 12712
R
rabbits [1] - 1342 raccoons [2] - 13318 radius [2] - 148 778 raised [5] - 5314 6512 13311 1663 18413
raising [2] - 1337 1845
Raising [1] - 512 ramifications [1] -18319
ran [2] - 135 136 range [2] - 622 668 Ranjit [3] - 11615 1199 19214
Ranjits [1] - 14816 rapidly [1] - 1416 rather [9] - 207 405 6011 6710 728 1307 1543 16916 1885
15
representing [1] -1117
REPRODUCTION [1] - 19718
request [8] - 2414 591 643 654 1274 14714 14716 14717
requested [1] - 99 requesting [1] - 1816 require [5] - 5318 9311 961 986 1176
Required [1] - 29 required [6] - 201 271 291 502 1179 14116
required) [1] - 1967 requirement [3] -927 9316 967
requirements [7] -2416 6510 702 7119 7211 986 1569
requires [5] - 9214 1143 1205 15712
research [1] - 917 reservations [1] -15210
residence [5] - 1313 1317 1416 1518 341
Residence [8] -1314 633 638 13614 13813 1774 17918
residential [24] -1812 195 196 4919 501 6212 6213 997 998 1298 12915 1301 1417 1651 1652 1657 1661 16614 1678 17616 1806 1818 18417
Residential [5] - 27 28 28 29 34
resolution [2] -11416 11417
resolved [4] - 6413 7415 1452
resolving [1] - 1192 respectful [2] - 412 18412
respects [2] - 331 334
respond [5] - 524 594 649 6716 12315
responding [1] -12315
Response [1] - 1488 response [5] - 5118 589 1274 14014 1937
Response) [1] - 3213 rest [6] - 608 655 10716 10717 14217 1509
restart [1] - 17312 restaurant [1] - 9810 restrict [1] - 10311 Restrictions [2] - 32 34
restrictions [3] -1154 1155 17818
result [1] - 817 results [1] - 10519 retail [7] - 517 61 62 64 66 69 712
retain [1] - 5310 retaining [1] - 6218 reuse [1] - 175 reuses [1] - 4114 review [4] - 7015 808 9510 16617
reviewed [3] - 918 1095 16512
reviewing [2] - 7015 13418
reviews [1] - 1063 revised [2] - 12318 15211
revision [2] - 58 15011
revisions [3] - 531 13719 15212
rewrite [1] - 1103 rewriting [1] - 1901 rezoning [1] - 818 rhythm [1] - 1339 rightful [1] - 1596 rights [3] - 4613 4615 5014
risk [1] - 1277 ROBERT [1] - 1446 Robert [2] - 1447 15313
Roberts [5] - 5116 529 1823 1937 19315
ROBERTS [31] - 528 6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514
9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
rodent [2] - 1457 1458
Roger [1] - 116 roof [3] - 221 317 1198
roofing [1] - 436 roofs [1] - 3115 rooftop [3] - 387 389 3810
room [4] - 6710 8512 1194 1533
rotted [1] - 302 roughly [1] - 126 round [1] - 1858 routes [1] - 159 rubbish [2] - 1459 14512
Rule [1] - 7910 rule [2] - 197 485 Rules [1] - 547 rules [5] - 569 588 9217 976 14814
run [2] - 1099 1189 runs [1] - 1591 RUSSELL [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693
1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831 1835 1863 1866 18612 18616 18619 1873 18812 18819 18915 1903 1908 1912 1916 1919 1936 19314
Russell [4] - 17 42 1336 14413
section [7] - 7712 7716 7810 1158 11719 14614 1777
Sections [1] - 215 security [1] - 871 see [42] - 68 2317 259 2611 284 2815 3214 359 4812 766 7615 7913 7917 8819 9614 1017 1023 1024 10217 10411 1071 10815 10816 10819 11014 1125 1161 1162 1174 1271 1273 13211 1439 1493 16010 16617 17417 17418 17419 18410 1857 19019
seeing [1] - 1862 seek [1] - 208 seeking [1] - 1919 seem [4] - 913 1554 1558 19010
sell [1] - 1183 semi [3] - 377 3712 3717
semi-private [3] -377 3712 3717
send [6] - 1016 896 11812 1193 18313 19218
sending [1] - 15917 Senior [1] - 15 sense [6] - 355 3918 12513 15013 1718 17216
sensor [1] - 1072 sent [2] - 5212 16115
sentence [2] - 12117 18315
sentences [2] - 7717 15618
sentiment [1] - 903 separate [1] - 694 separation [1] - 6212 September [1] -19711
series [3] - 1211 1618 11611
serious [2] - 13214 1333
seriously [1] - 12914
S
Sacramento [1] - 515 safe [1] - 3317 safety [6] - 591 1112 1113 1332 1335 1423
SAM [1] - 3416 Sam [2] - 353 366 SAME [2] - 353 19718
sat [2] - 11514 11515
saw [2] - 772 16613 scattered [1] - 14014 scenario [1] - 5913 schedule [1] - 477 scheduled [1] - 112 schematic [1] - 2915 School [1] - 13310 science [1] - 15910 scope [11] - 5311 5316 5318 9210 9516 10618 1117 1666 16618 1735 17617
scratch [1] - 16718 screen [2] - 786 792 scrutiny [1] - 1749 Sean [1] - 13118 Seated [1] - 1917 seated [1] - 115 second [10] - 129 183 5016 5017 912 10210 1317 13110 15515 1628
secondly [3] - 909 1049 1292
Section [16] - 28 29 29 32 33 548 7117 7119 7713 831 11816 1355 1681 17816 18410
16
servant [1] - 14818 serve [1] - 16819 serves [1] - 9913 Services [4] - 941 9812 14510 15718
servicing [1] - 488 session [1] - 1888 set [10] - 558 729 7210 8812 11914 1619 16114 16116 1979 19711
setback [2] - 2416 272
sets [1] - 8811 setting [1] - 6618 sever [1] - 14613 several [5] - 121 573 908 10711 14811
shadow [2] - 10217 1036
shall [12] - 209 5411 5413 5414 7119 737 1068 12712 17617 17819 1796
share [2] - 4716 1533
shared [3] - 95 2110 19117
shed [2] - 1197 sheet [4] - 1058 11817 1965 1966
Sheet [4] - 1952 1955 19513 1968
SHEET [3] - 1951 19517 1963
shielded [1] - 894 shielding [1] - 7212 shine [1] - 875 shines [1] - 1389 shining [2] - 859 1035
shirts [1] - 1468 shocking [1] - 1813 shop [1] - 69 short [4] - 114 519 15613 1671
short-term [1] -15613
shortcomings [1] -14419
Shorthand [2] -1974 19714
shorthand [1] -13419
shortly [3] - 106
2618 1463 shot [1] - 1209 shoulder [1] - 4215 show [3] - 9813 9815 1384
showed [3] - 275 10912
shown [4] - 3010 3012 3916 12110
shows [4] - 158 3911 792 12212
shrubs [2] - 481 4812
side [11] - 125 128 1210 1212 1712 1715 2016 3816 437 904 14410
sides [1] - 255 sidetrack [1] - 13519 Sieniewicz [3] - 110 44 1336
SIENIEWICZ [15] -2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
sighted [1] - 13317 sign [4] - 9914 1004 19513
Sign [1] - 1966 SIGNATURE [1] -1951
signed [1] - 1956 SIGNED [1] - 19517 significant [4] -2819 5519 5612 14917
significantly [1] -13015
Signs [1] - 218 signs [2] - 1001 10912
similar [2] - 655 1542
simple [5] - 1119 1537 1631 17110 17111
simplicity [1] - 11110 simply [7] - 3811 8918 14119 1452 14612 18216
Singanayagam [1] -14719
single [4] - 1317 1416 1518 1719
single-family [3] -1317 1416 1518
sit [1] - 1537
site [5] - 109 1817 7015 7113 1155
Sitting [1] - 42 situation [4] - 335 5818 7012 818
situations [1] - 8010 six [6] - 1211 406 479 1131 11819 1288
six-story [1] - 1288 size [3] - 1818 1382 1461
skill [1] - 19710 skin [1] - 14411 skip [1] - 583 skipping [1] - 549 sky [7] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 1043 10412 1337
sleep [1] - 1339 sleeping [1] - 1342 slide [1] - 11418 slipped [1] - 1003 small [7] - 361 578 1054 10812 1165 1518 1519
smaller [3] - 2216 9910 16116
smart [1] - 447 sneak [1] - 11015 so [1] - 698 socialization [1] -14213
sodium [1] - 12813 sole [1] - 19112 Solet [3] - 1317 1319 1428
SOLET [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
Solicitor [2] - 16913 1734
Solicitors [1] -16616
solicitors [1] - 1094 solution [1] - 16213 solve [5] - 685 686 8119 1226 1462
solving [1] - 8316 someone [6] - 4913 7518 8817 9213 987 13818
someplace [1] -16818
sometime [1] - 13515 sometimes [5] - 443 444 5216 6210 11313
somewhat [1] - 1047 somewhere [2] -
8410 17011 sonar [1] - 10215 soon [1] - 413 sooner [1] - 6710 sorry [11] - 2014 574 6712 712 737 1066 1258 1347 13917 17712 1803
sort [26] - 76 2513 605 6017 6318 726 729 774 7716 856 8512 864 8615 9119 946 974 978 11614 13411 13419 14017 1553 16716 16719 18318 1842
sorts [2] - 281 15519
sought [1] - 4915 sound [2] - 5012 1542
sounds [2] - 1864 18811
source [4] - 8415 8513 8517 1307
south [1] - 125 southern [1] - 4813 space [19] - 518 61 64 152 154 225 2517 301 304 334 3313 3315 343 3511 3618 377 4012 4614 495
Space [1] - 27 spaces [6] - 66 1418 156 171 3715 3914
speaker [1] - 15919 speakers [1] - 1349 speaking [2] - 14517 1693
special [6] - 647 1297 1369 13610 1382 1707
Special [11] - 27 813 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 758
specific [8] - 4914 5513 617 648 6910 9518 18510 1884
specifically [4] - 509 5010 824 1933
specified [1] - 9310 specify [4] - 461 598 9310 9518
spend [2] - 10914 1192
spent [2] - 5714 1092
spill [5] - 6613 6614 7213 7216 7819
spilling [3] - 6610 781 7814
spoken [2] - 2718 909
spot [1] - 615 spots [1] - 3115 spread [1] - 858 springs [1] - 1158 Square [1] - 1762 square [7] - 126 192 198 1912 2216 2316 855
SS [1] - 1973 Staff [1] - 115 staff [15] - 5116 5117 713 717 918 11617 11619 12316 14115 14814 1503 1525 16311 16615 18317
staffs [1] - 752 stair [1] - 149 stairs [1] - 3011 stance [1] - 1635 standard [15] - 1914 6114 621 6515 6516 6612 6613 7218 747 7411 863 1255 1393 1395 17418
standards [17] -5312 558 5716 581 587 598 618 622 624 7210 733 869 8812 1437 1471 17413
standing [3] - 773 8216 10818
start [7] - 914 294 3217 521 14910 1563 16718
started [2] - 1131 16413
starting [1] - 17810 starts [4] - 5213 559 573 1753
State [1] - 12711 state [4] - 546 548
17
559 697 statement [1] - 1908 statements [1] -19618
stations [1] - 158 status [5] - 810 922 1365 13610 1397
stay [1] - 477 stenographic [1] -1979
step [2] - 5619 16513
Steve [6] - 3716 423 8912 9017 1576 1592
Steves [3] - 16318 16319 1855
STEVEN [50] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 185 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3217 3717 4015 4110 4117 459 473 8717 885 8912 8914 8917 9019 9219 938 9313 9417 957 9512 963 9818 1017 1347 1547 16715 17015 17116 17211 17712 1781 1786 1811 18311 1851 1895 18914 19016
Steven [4] - 19 110 43 44
still [19] - 697 765 9812 1046 11417 12111 1504 1506 15014 16810 16812 17317 1755 1773 1774 17915 1823 1861
stone [1] - 289 stop [1] - 6715 stopgap [7] - 15013 15412 1553 15613 16713 16811 1691
storage [1] - 345 store [2] - 77 1511 storefront [2] - 1211 1714
stories [1] - 181 story [6] - 1210
1311 1719 183 1815 1288
straight [3] - 6413 1476 1926
straightforward [1] -6013
strain [1] - 1413 straining [1] - 776 strategies [1] - 1623 Street [17] - 216 57 516 72 714 125 1218 2316 2318 1087 12615 12617 1319 13316 1399 13915 1402
street [7] - 1284 14514 17615 1793 1795 17910 17911
stress [1] - 15716 strict [2] - 971 986 strikes [1] - 14418 strobe [1] - 1075 struck [2] - 992 15410
structural [1] - 5416 structure [20] - 1311 1316 1416 1516 1610 1616 175 1710 184 1815 196 198 337 501 5417 5418 925 948 949 18115
Structures [1] - 28 structures [8] - 5411 5512 6014 7111 7911 999 1752 1753
Stuart [2] - 116 1606
stuck [1] - 14812 students [1] - 14219 studied [2] - 9011 study [6] - 1531 1579 1581 1585 16815 16817
stuff [7] - 817 8218 8310 10015 11110 11317 1196
stuffs [1] - 1098 subdivided [1] - 189 subject [2] - 9011 15212
submit [4] - 12016 12516 17311 1887
submitted [3] - 3919
17219 subscribe [1] -19617
subsequently [1] -138
substance [1] -17217
substantial [3] -5415 932 13817
substantially [6] -5419 551 552 6617 9015 9410
substituted [1] -12015
subtle [1] - 10813 suburban [1] - 671 suddenly [2] - 1761 1805
sue [1] - 11212 sued [2] - 11215 11218
suffer [1] - 14217 sufficient [3] - 147 14815 1571
suggest [6] - 11916 11919 12012 1886
suggested [4] -5816 16514 1676 18219
suggestion [6] -5918 613 716 15319 16219 17213
suggestions [2] -5219 15912
suing [1] - 11211 Sullivan [5] - 2311 2315 3916 409 421
SULLIVAN [15] -2314 258 2519 263 266 279 2714 2814 305 315 3110 3117 329 491 493
Sullivans [4] - 376 412 4315 4718
summarized [1] -497
summer [2] - 18511 18514
sun [1] - 4813 sunset [3] - 9918 1095 10910
superintendent [1] -839
Superintendent [1] -983
Superior [1] - 11415 supersede [1] - 728
supersedes [2] -6313 7311
superseding [1] -697
supplied [1] - 19513 support [5] - 12510 12511 1527 1627 1769
supposed [6] -10818 1091 11016 11017 11510 1168
surface [3] - 2811 857 859
surprised [1] - 13211 surprising [1] - 4014 survey [1] - 263 surveyed [2] - 251 257
surveyor [1] - 254 surveyors [1] - 483 suspect [2] - 1415 1431
switch [1] - 1144
17713 18115 1822 18512 18719 1891 1923 19211 1934 19316
Teagues [1] - 1271 tear [2] - 173 175 technical [12] - 8519 862 867 911 912 916 10416 14115 1568 1612 16814 16912
technology [1] -14012
Ted [5] - 15217 15313 1811 18312 1854
Teds [2] - 5017 1699
telescope [1] - 1044 temporary [4] -16216 1633 16313 1719
ten [6] - 111 475 1085 10911 11914 13516
tenant [3] - 1312 4017 10312
tenants [1] - 3816 tenants [11] - 1312 1411 1413 282 343 3417 3419 356 363 4613 1042
tend [2] - 5215 10212
tends [1] - 6211 term [8] - 32 34 1158 14217 15613 17318 18517 1888
terms [9] - 216 217 225 6119 779 846 985 1207 1615
testified [1] - 18014 testimony [9] - 2010 239 6718 6814 1114 13814 19513 1965 1978
text [24] - 32 35 5213 5214 534 568 6113 6116 6218 639 6310 7416 1368 1374 1483 16112 16118 16412 17815 1885 1887
T
table [1] - 4016 tackle [2] - 12218 talks [6] - 5815 6316 1078 17615 17916 18119
tall [2] - 4217 4814 tandem [4] - 1411 1417 1419 432
Taylor [4] - 12615 12616 13111 1325
TAYLOR [9] - 12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
TEAGUE [4] - 1081 1085 1265 12611
Teague [40] - 213 5113 524 10719 1086 11116 11517 12110 1221 1224 1227 12311 1259 1267 1304 1411 14912 1502 15010 1528 15311 1626 1646 16412 1667 1697 17611 17618 17710 17711
18
THE [10] - 12 118 1613 673 19516 19717 19718 19719
themselves [1] -1238
THEODORE [28] -76 87 913 101 1018 5016 712 7214 739 7315 7318 7417 1065 1375 1499 1662 17319 17512 1773 17715 17912 1803 1819 18215 1833 18310 1865 18912
theodore [1] - 18 Theodore [1] - 42 theory [1] - 1169 therefor [2] - 19513 1965
therefore [2] - 1366 1391
thereof [1] - 1956 thesis [1] - 11318 theyve [4] - 99 1010 12317
thinking [4] - 522 10713 14413 1835
thinks [1] - 14813 third [6] - 141 143 1817 202 203 16219
THIS [2] - 19516 19717
thoughtful [1] - 1899 thoughts [1] - 14415 thousands [1] -12715
three [11] - 98 156 1715 187 2113 243 489 999 10410 1254 1622
three-foot [2] - 1715 2113
throughout [2] -12912 1768
throw [2] - 15315 18212
throwing [1] - 1477 Tibbs [2] - 18 115 TIBBS [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371
8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
tied [1] - 593 tieing [1] - 7511 tile [4] - 10214 10216 10217 10218
timekeeper [1] - 474 timing [1] - 107 tiny [1] - 1025 title [1] - 33 TO [2] - 1961 19718 today [4] - 393 9613 11819 13819
together [2] - 441 10713
TOM [15] - 2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
Tom [2] - 110 43 tonight [6] - 403 4119 12317 15213 15912 16210
took [2] - 1124 14413
tools [1] - 15713 top [1] - 216 touch [1] - 9811 touches [1] - 133 towards [2] - 2218 13610
town [3] - 1093 1094 11216
towns [1] - 1094 traffic [1] - 1029 training [1] - 14117 transcript [9] - 82 1935 1959 19514 1964 1966 1967 19616 19617
Transcript [1] - 25 TRANSCRIPT [2] -19516 19718
transcription [1] -1979
transcripts [2] - 84 85
trash [1] - 345 treated [1] - 6915 trees [4] - 483 8712
8715 8716 trespass [4] - 5113 704 707 10414
trial [1] - 1132 tried [1] - 1107 trigger [4] - 926 9314 9316 9510
triggered [1] - 11712 triggers [1] - 1056 trim [1] - 441 trip [1] - 10513 triple [2] - 1216 1217
trivial [1] - 10812 trouble [3] - 431 1104 11412
true [2] - 6417 1979 try [16] - 207 538 5913 5919 676 719 845 875 9210 9515 9717 981 12217 1466 1624 18517
trying [18] - 168 626 8118 822 8316 10015 10019 11014 11210 1218 12914 1385 1413 1492 15812 17519 18010 18012
Tuesday [1] - 13 turkeys [1] - 13318 turn [4] - 674 836 8513 1606
turning [3] - 148 1517 1541
tweak [1] - 12316 two [37] - 1013 1310 1312 1319 1412 1417 159 1719 1812 2011 2014 222 3115 3315 3318 3519 362 4317 4318 743 796 802 8616 10712 10916 1134 1349 1405 14013 1533 1534 1548 15617 16418 1817 18316 1869
two-family [1] - 222 two-pronged [2] -802 8616
two-unit [1] - 3519 type [3] - 9918 1034 1037
types [2] - 9413 9415
typically [2] - 359 4411
U
ultimate [1] - 16213 ultimately [1] - 7218 unable [2] - 1119 1904
unaware [1] - 13412 unclear [1] - 8212 uncomfortable [4] -776 17513 1764 18017
unconcern [1] -13210
under [30] - 188 296 3011 462 4613 4616 6111 664 6619 696 719 7216 7410 764 9118 1003 1005 1127 11212 11218 11914 1209 1353 1367 1501 15110 16910 17617 17710 1847
UNDER [1] - 19718 undergoing [1] - 104 underlying [1] - 1351 underneath [1] -1354
undersigned [1] -1974
understood [1] -1293
underutilized [1] -1517
unenforceable [1] -1638
unfortunately [1] -1119
uninstalled [1] -8814
unintended [2] -5811 1841
unit [19] - 142 143 1817 192 1913 203 228 2210 309 3016 3314 3519 364 3616 417 853 8613 8614 999
Unit [1] - 211 units [15] - 210 210 1310 1319 187 1812 1817 199
1912 227 317 3318 359 3510 503
University [2] - 104 109
unless [3] - 9912 1004 12112
UNLESS [1] - 19718 unnecessarily [1] -7819
unreasonable [1] -6613
unreasonably [1] -1517
unusual [1] - 2414 up [53] - 66 713 1010 226 3015 3814 4318 537 541 5713 5718 6217 6511 674 681 727 786 7814 7919 8513 865 8615 8710 8814 924 9217 995 10011 10214 1051 10715 11311 11316 12113 13018 1311 13314 1384 14315 15114 15418 1556 1558 15917 1645 16513 17012 17111 18012 18016 1915 1929
Update [1] - 23 update [2] - 49 1017 updates [2] - 1015 1016
upset [1] - 11114 urban [1] - 3719 urgent [1] - 14019 users [2] - 3411 14214
uses [11] - 1811 5411 5513 5518 7110 7115 8613 997 1009 10415 1408
utilities [1] - 1047 utilize [1] - 9216
V
vague [1] - 19216 valet [1] - 91 valiant [1] - 1218 valid [2] - 911 8312 valuable [1] - 19218
19
van [3] - 11515 1702 1914
VAN [5] - 1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
vapor [1] - 12813 variance [1] - 208 Variance [2] - 204 11910
variety [1] - 618 various [2] - 416 16310
verge [1] - 1814 verify [2] - 6019 897 versed [1] - 699 version [4] - 12013 12214 1696 17112
versions [1] - 17811 versus [4] - 7612 8117 827 1113
vertically [1] - 864 Vice [1] - 18 victim [1] - 6810 Victorian [2] - 127 139
view [3] - 2818 4910 7310
views [1] - 16110 violation [14] - 745 767 11412 1278 12815 13113 13118 1321 13410 13518 1361 1362 13611 14915
violations [6] - 1165 12715 12818 1327 13217 1449
violators [1] - 13212 visible [1] - 1116 visually [1] - 6019 volume [5] - 184 674 19512 19514 1966
vote [2] - 401 1814 voting [3] - 4118 513 15311
1534 1535 1536 1758 18814
wash [1] - 857 wattage [2] - 8412 13010
watts [1] - 842 ways [5] - 214 5513 15816 16319 17113
wear [1] - 1469 week [2] - 510 1016 weeks [5] - 1013 406 11819 13317 1869
weighing [2] - 14619 1472
weight [1] - 1689 weird [1] - 853 Wellens [3] - 13911 13913 1401
WELLENS [4] -13912 13916 13919 14316
whatevers [1] -10716
whatsoever [2] -1455 17516
wheel [2] - 1564 WHEN [1] - 19517 WHEREOF [1] -19711
whole [9] - 305 467 769 9111 1122 11315 1167 11912 1305
wholeheartedly [2] -8014 1576
width [3] - 4314 4316 458
wife [2] - 2317 13619
wildlife [2] - 13312 William [2] - 18 115 WILLIAM [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371 8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
WILLIAMS [4] - 3513 3517 3610 3614
Williams [2] - 3514 1399
wind [1] - 14314
window [8] - 1713 2017 284 5911 952 956 958 1798
windows [1] - 383 WINTER [19] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3717 4015 4110 4117 473 8914 8917
Winter [2] - 19 43 WINTERS [25] - 514 65 611 616 79 711 718 374 422 428 4216 4312 456 8319 8610 8714 8718 8810 8910 13017 1311 14314 1446 1539 15318
winters [1] - 15511 Winters [4] - 19 43 1447 15313
wipe [1] - 1117 wise [1] - 10013 wish [4] - 3212 13910 1445 1486
wished [1] - 9612 wishes [1] - 532 wisteria [1] - 442 WITH [1] - 19516 withdrawing [1] -12513
withstanding [1] -1595
WITNESS [1] - 19711 wonder [3] - 292 3019 14416
wonderful [1] - 4111 wondering [5] - 810 2618 10116 1666 16715
wood [3] - 301 346 348
wooden [1] - 2611 word [1] - 10614 words [2] - 14414 1838
works [3] - 9114 11115 15816
Works [1] - 14511 world [3] - 468 1044 1897
worried [1] - 1519 worries [1] - 14511 worth [2] - 6518 772 write [6] - 10015
10513 1225 15518 1561 1929
write-up [1] - 1929 writing [4] - 10019 1247 1323 13918
written [19] - 362 5118 555 723 747 757 768 929 937 9515 1217 1224 1373 13712 13714 13718 1567 18719 19217
wrote [2] - 1153 1163
wwwreportersinc com [1] - 119
Y
yard [12] - 1410 245 2418 2716 291 3318 3519 363 3615 3616 415 8712
yards [2] - 3710 3816
year [4] - 98 8711 1405 1578
years [12] - 98 2319 251 10911 10916 1134 12819 13516 1405 14013 15814 1895
yellow [1] - 1058 yourself [1] - 914
Z
Zelinski [2] - 1974 19713
zero [1] - 12010 Zipcar [1] - 1510 Zone [2] - 14313 1448
zones [7] - 625 12915 12917 1301 1438 1439 14311
Zoning [109] - 24 213 52 55 818 4013 505 534 546 547 5410 5413 554 556 588 5912 5914 6219 642 643 6411 6417 684
6816 695 6914 6915 702 7016 719 7113 758 774 812 822 8314 866 8816 904 945 947 9416 9510 9518 962 972 9916 1052 1054 10512 10514 1061 1098 11118 11217 1164 11816 12411 12511 1278 12719 12815 1296 12911 1306 13419 1356 1369 1407 14113 1426 14417 1454 14518 1462 1465 14611 14614 14710 14918 1501 1509 15019 1543 1552 1555 15519 15615 15810 15817 15818 1597 15914 1616 1617 16112 16117 16118 1649 1659 1687 17718 17813 18011 18510 1884
zoning [2] - 6819 1005
W
wait [1] - 1897 waiting [1] - 15019 walk [1] - 885 walking [1] - 1511 walkways [1] - 17411 wall [5] - 262 681 6810 851 1828
wants [6] - 492
20
4
P R O C E E D I N G S
(Sitting Members Hugh Russell H Theodore
Cohen Pamela Winters Steven Winter Tom
Sieniewicz Steven Cohen Catherine Preston
Connolly)
HUGH RUSSELL Good evening This
is the meeting of the Cambridge Planning
Board So the first item on our agenda is an
update and we have before us a great new list
of work were going to be doing in the next
couple of months And so is there any other
news to relate from the -- does the Council
have their midsummer meeting soon
LIZA PADEN So the City Council
will be meeting on July 29th and they will
have the various discussions and everything
else that theyre going to jam pack into that
one meeting
HUGH RUSSELL Okay If there are
5
no questions then well go to the next item
on our agenda which is the Board of Zoning
Appeal cases
LIZA PADEN These are the Board of
Zoning Appeal cases to be heard on July 25th
The case at the bottom is the 288 Norfolk
Street And that case is going to come back
to you in August with a revision to their
plans This was the one that you looked at
last week and had some constructive
criticism
Are there any other cases that the
Board would like to look at
PAMELA WINTERS Liza I have a
question I just -- the 38 Sacramento
Street I have to put my glasses on I
think its a good idea for -- is that retail
space now empty
LIZA PADEN Yes So its been a
6
retail space over time on that location So
even though its in the C-1 it has a retail
facade in that ground floor that corner
retail space
PAMELA WINTERS Well Im always
you know up for having retail spaces
particularly in that neighborhood So my
feeling is that I would like to see that
filled if it is a retail shop
LIZA PADEN Yes
PAMELA WINTERS I dont know if my
colleagues agree with me but I would like to
encourage that
HUGH RUSSELL Youre probably
living closer to that spot than any of us
PAMELA WINTERS Yes What was it
before Liza do you remember
LIZA PADEN Its been a variety of
things
7
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Liza
that used to be the Oxford Street Realty
office right
LIZA PADEN Yes real estate and
insurance office Thank you
H THEODORE COHEN Its been sort
of a kids clothing store most recently I
think
PAMELA WINTERS Right
LIZA PADEN Right Thank you
PAMELA WINTERS Well I would just
like to encourage retail you know that
being filled up so thats it
And well be getting the Norfolk Street
one later
LIZA PADEN August 6th its going
to come back to you
PAMELA WINTERS Okay thank you
LIZA PADEN Thats it
8
HUGH RUSSELL Thats it
Is there a transcript
LIZA PADEN And were working
through the transcripts So theres no new
transcripts yet
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
H THEODORE COHEN Liza can I ask
a question There was an article in the
Cambridge Chronicle about the Kaya Ka Hotel
I was wondering if you knew what the status
of that was
LIZA PADEN So the Kaya Ka Hotel I
dont remember exactly when the Special
Permit was granted by the Planning Board but
theres been a Special Permit for the use and
some dimensional changes in the Overlay
District which were the result of the
rezoning for that particular Zoning District
And then they came back for an amendment to
9
the Planning Board to address the valet
parking arrangement that they wanted to have
in the basement and they had to reconfigure
the driveway because their desire to have a
shared driveway with the abutter it fell
through So that Special Permit I dont
know if you remember but at the end of the
year for the last three years I believe
theyve come in and theyve requested an
extension of the Special Permit So thats a
valid permit and its -- the expiration date
is now December of 2013
H THEODORE COHEN And the article
indicated they were about to start
construction
LIZA PADEN Right We have not
seen the construction drawings yet and we
havent reviewed them for the conditions of
the Planning Board Special Permit
10
H THEODORE COHEN And on another
matter I recommend to all my colleagues and
all the public to take a look at the church
next to Lesley University which is undergoing
a lot of activity and it looks like its
about to be moved shortly
Do you have any timing on that
LIZA PADEN No But Lesley
University has an extensive construction site
that theyve put up on-line and they have an
overall construction plan that covers the
entire duration of the construction and then
they have the next two weeks in action So
theres also an e-mail list that you can
access there and get put on updates of when
they send out the updates every week youll
get an update
H THEODORE COHEN Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL I guess well take a
11
ten or an eight minute recess until 720 for
our next scheduled business
LIZA PADEN Right
(A short recess was taken)
(William Tibbs seated)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay the magic hour
has arrived It is now 720 and we can go on
to our 720 public hearing Planning Board
case 282 533 Putnam Avenue
GREGORY COLLING Hi Would it be
better if I placed the boards facing the
audience I didnt bring an easel with me
HUGH RUSSELL Liza will assist you
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
My name is Greg Colling Im an
architect with Merrimack Design based in
Amesbury Massachusetts and Im representing
Lianne Bensley Shes the owner of 533
Putnam Avenue Shes unfortunately unable to
12
attend this evening but several members of
her family are here on her behalf
So 533 Putnam Avenue is on -- well
Putnam Avenue between Brookline and Acorn
Street Its on the south side of Putnam
Avenue Its roughly a 5000 square foot
lot It has a Victorian half house on one
side Its a half a house Its built in
1869 Its a second empire house And then
on the left side of the lot is a one-story
storefront building that has a series of six
garage bays on the back side of it that have
been added That was built initially in
1922
The abutting properties are 539 Putnam
Avenue Its a triple decker Its a green
triple decker on the left And then the
other abutting properties are on Acorn Street
which is behind the half house
13
LIZA PADEN This is Acorn
GREGORY COLLING And its also --
the corner touches 285 Brookline The
propertys been owned by Li Bensley since
1996 Her husband whos now deceased ran a
construction business with Li and they ran
that business there until 2004 And she
subsequently moved out of Cambridge and has
been renting the Victorian house The half
house is actually two dwelling units And
then the one-story accessory structure is --
has two tenants and it has a business tenant
Its a non-conforming use The residence is
in a Residence C District
So the owner is proposing to convert
the non-conforming accessory structure into a
single-family owner-occupied residence which
is non-conforming Its because there are
two units already on the property So this
14
would be a -- were proposing to add a third
unit on the property
And in addition to adding a third unit
on the property were proposing a reduction
in parking Currently there is a driveway a
12-foot driveway that goes from the front of
the lot to the back There isnt sufficient
turning radius to enter the garage bays
because of an egress stair and a deck that
was built in the yard so currently its used
as tandem parking for the business tenants
According to the owner the two apartment
tenants do not use the driveway at all
So were hoping to -- that youll
allow us to convert this non-conforming
structure into a single-family residence
Were proposing to have two tandem parking
spaces for the use of the owner which I
understand that tandem parking isnt allowed
15
or its not recognized as a legal parking
space So it would be in effect were
continuing the same amount of parking which
is one legal parking space on that property
In addition were providing bicycle parking
on the property for three bicycle spaces
And there is also -- theres a map that weve
brought that shows the bus stations that are
nearby There are two bus routes that are
nearby and also Zipcar locations and theres
a grocery store thats within walking
distance
So we feel that our proposal will
minimally impact the neighborhood We feel
that taking a non-conforming accessory
structure thats deteriorated and
underutilized and turning that into a
single-family residence will be an
enhancement to the neighborhood and to the
16
community
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
STEVEN WINTER May I ask a
question
I want to make sure that I know which
building which place youre talking about
and Im just trying to get my head around
what it is and where it is Is this the
structure that used to be a news distribution
-- newspaper distribution back in the day
Does anybody know that
MEMBER FROM THE AUDIENCE Yes
STEVEN WINTER So I know what that
is now So the only work that were talking
about doing is not to the larger structure
which is owned by the proponent but the work
is on that series of --
GREGORY COLLING Correct
17
STEVEN WINTER -- spaces And is
it to renovate existing bricks and mortar or
is it to tear down and build new
GREGORY COLLING Were proposing to
reuse the existing structure and not tear it
down We do have to remove -- in the rear
corner the deterioration is such that we have
to replace the masonry in the back of the
building But were proposing to work within
the existing structure Were not proposing
any changes to the front of the bidding other
than taking out a door on the side and
replacing that with a window to match the
storefront And we are proposing a
three-foot overhang on the driveway side
which is invisible really to any any
adjacent properties as a covered entry
STEVEN WINTER And is this is the
plan then for one single story not two
18
stories
GREGORY COLLING Correct Were
not proposing a second story Were working
with then the existing volume structure
STEVEN COHEN In your application
you describe this as being an owner-occupied
Is that the plan that the three units will
remain under common ownership Its not
being you know the lots being subdivided
or condoized or --
GREGORY COLLING No the owner uses
the other two existing residential units on
the property for rental income and then she
will continue that and she will be living in
the one-story accessory structure
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre requesting a
third unit on the site but also all the units
will be less than the minimum area size is
that correct
19
GREGORY COLLING Right theyre
less than 1800 square feet per unit Right
WILLIAM TIBBS Okay
HUGH RUSSELL This is a 528
proposal on a conversion of a non-residential
structure for residential use so its looked
at differently There the rule is that you
can divide the structure into 1100 square
foot units
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL And the actual gross
area is for 300 units -- 320 square feet is
going to be one unit so it meets that
standard
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
(Ahmed Nur Seated)
HUGH RUSSELL So the relief youre
seeking is a conversion reduction of the
20
required parking and 5822 and thats
(inaudible) The third thing is the getting
the third unit by Special Permit process not
by a Variance process
GREGORY COLLING It was recommended
by the Building Inspector that I go through
the Special Permit process rather than try to
seek a variance
HUGH RUSSELL Shall we go to public
testimony
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have two
quick questions
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
TOM SIENIEWICZ Sorry two quick
questions One the openings on the it
would be looks like the east side of the
property the window openings those are
existing the ones that are close to the
property
21
GREGORY COLLING Correct
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay And then can
you just --
STEVEN WINTER Which ones are
these Could you point that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ The ones at the top
of the drawing
STEVEN WINTER Yes okay Thank
you
LIZA PADEN This is the shared
property line
TOM SIENIEWICZ And then the
extension of the three-foot overhang on the
-- over the door is --
GREGORY COLLING Want me to point
that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ If you could just
point that out
GREGORY COLLING Yeah that
22
proposed cantilever roof is right here This
is the existing two-family house thats on
the property
TOM SIENIEWICZ Yes
And so then in terms of the open space
how does that divide up relative to the
units on the -- is it assigned to one of
every unit
GREGORY COLLING Its assigned to
this unit
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Are there any other
questions
STEVEN WINTER Actually I do
Mr Chair just one more
The smaller dark square does that
represent a part of the buildings on the
property Its down towards the bottom
LIZA PADEN This
23
STEVEN WINTER Yes that
GREGORY COLLING Thats an abutting
property Thats 186
STEVEN WINTER Thats not what
were talking about
GREGORY COLLING Correct
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Okay so were going
to go to public testimony And by
coincidence the first person to speak is
Mark Sullivan who lives at (Inaudible) Go
to the podium and give your name and your
address
MARK SULLIVAN Good evening Im
Mark Sullivan the owner and occupier of 6
and 8 Acorn Street which is the black square
on the plan that we see there My wife Ann
and I own 6 and 8 Acorn Street Weve -- in
October will be 29 years in the neighborhood
24
That property is very familiar to me We
look out every morning as I make coffee and
all of our -- all three the bedrooms in the
house are very very closely directly
overlook the yard part of the property And
thats thats where most of my questions
relate to for this renovation And this is
the first time Ive been involved in such a
process so Im -- pardon me if Im not asking
the right questions whatever they may be
I guess -- so theres a couple of
things that Im interested to know about if
theres a possibility given this building is
unusual and theres a request for a you
know a different approach if in that case
any setback requirements are different
Because if we if we look on the plan the
yard plan that hedge that is close to my
house -- I dont think that property line has
25
been surveyed in the 29 years that Ive been
there And it just seems to me that -- and
if Im correct it almost looks like theres
some surveyor marks on some of the other
sides of the plan
GREGORY COLLING We had the
property surveyed
MARK SULLIVAN The property between
Liannes property and mine I didnt see
numbers here
GREGORY COLLING I believe it was
HUGH RUSSELL With the Boards
indulgence I think we can allow this sort of
dialogue
TOM SIENIEWICZ Thats fine
GREGORY COLLING This is your
property right here and you have space behind
your house
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
26
GREGORY COLLING The property line
is right against the party wall
MARK SULLIVAN Okay so that survey
was done recently
GREGORY COLLING Right
MARK SULLIVAN So with the
plantings that are proposed the -- one of my
concerns is being able to access the rear of
my house for necessary repair you know
painting etcetera etcetera Currently its
a wooden deck which you can see in I think
its your photo 10 that you have in the
package which will also give you an idea of
how close we are in this little enclave So
my concern is obviously not wanting to cause
any damage to that if -- and I do need to do
some renovations to the exterior of my house
quite shortly So again Im wondering if
the plan is to bring those plantings right to
27
the property line or whatever required you
know inward movement or setback might be in
this particular case
GREGORY COLLING Well I think we
showed for privacy purposes we showed a
hedge thats on thats against the property
line It wouldnt extend over your property
but its on -- against that boundary
MARK SULLIVAN Right And how high
does that going to be
GREGORY COLLING We havent
determined that yet but Im sure thats
something we can work out with Li
MARK SULLIVAN The other thing I
just wanted to call to attention is going to
be the use of the yard and the materials
used I mentioned some concern about noise
Ive spoken to Lianne you know certainly I
certainly dont think shes going to be
28
having the sorts of parties that previous
tenants have had Weve also have had a
break-in on our first floor which is why you
see grates on the window But you know
those were past days But because of the
way you know the buildings kind of create
this amplified almost noise effect Im
just -- Lianne said that theres going to be
maybe a crushed stone material used
GREGORY COLLING Yeah there will
be permeable surface back there and theres
one paved portion of the area thats closer
to the building
MARK SULLIVAN And then something
also I dont see in the plan I guess the
language thats used is the work will be --
will occur entirely within the footprint of
the building But in my view theres going
to be significant demolition and new
29
construction required in that yard area So
I wonder you know if theres a plan on how
long thats going to -- when that might
start How long that might go on What the
nature of that work might be Again thats
its literally right under our noses so I
would just like to understand what that might
look like
GREGORY COLLING Well again our
primary focus has been to get through the
Special Permit process and we developed a
plan Theres more work that needs to be
done to develop the landscape but we have a
proposal here that we brought to this meeting
and thats you know basically a schematic
plan for what we intend to do And Im sure
that you know we have we can work with you
if you have an issue with the hedge but I
think were again were improving the
30
space Were taking out that wood deck
thats rotted thats with the garbage cans
back there And were planning on creating a
nice space that I think youll be pleased
MARK SULLIVAN It will look a whole
lot better than it looks currently And
again the -- and so the other related issue
when I spoke with Lianne and I mentioned this
to you that this air conditioning unit
thats shown in the exterior that she did
say her plan is to move it under the stairs
but since that is not shown in this kind of
drawing you know I would have a great
interest in that occurring because of the
you know the noise that comes right up from
that fairly large unit and we hear it we
certainly hear it in our house And its
great that she says that she plans to do
that But I just wonder how that would be
31
kind of confirmed through the planning and
the iteration
HUGH RUSSELL We can do that We
can make that a condition of a permit
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
Will there be any air conditioning
units on the roof
GREGORY COLLING Not to my
knowledge
MARK SULLIVAN And is there any
outdoor lighting plan
GREGORY COLLING We havent
developed an outdoor lighting plan other than
to have recessed lights at the cantilevered
roofs Just two little spots that light and
demarcate the entrance to the building
MARK SULLIVAN Uh-huh
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh youve asked
our indulgence but I think we should proceed
32
on
HUGH RUSSELL Continue on
WILLIAM TIBBS And the conversation
youre having you can continue to have
and --
STEVEN WINTER And you should
WILLIAM TIBBS -- but we need to
get back on this
MARK SULLIVAN Great thank you
very much
HUGH RUSSELL Okay Does anyone
else wish to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I see no one
wanting to speak So now we will discuss
this proposal
STEVEN COHEN Well Ill start if
nobody else will Its currently a
non-conforming use a non-conforming
33
dimensionally in many respects And with the
changes I dont think any of the
non-conformities are being exacerbated In
many respects from the use to the open space
that the situation is being improved in
almost every aspect I think its a great
way to use this non-conforming structure and
I think its a great idea great proposal
and a great plan for this lot
HUGH RUSSELL Bill
WILLIAM TIBBS I guess I have a
question for the proponent You said that
the -- all the open space was going to be
used by the converted unit and so theres no
open space available for the existing two
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
Theres safe access on to the property for
the two rental units but the rear yard will
be private and dedicated to the proposed
34
residence
WILLIAM TIBBS And how is the open
space being used currently by those tenants
GREGORY COLLING It isnt Its
basically a trash storage area
WILLIAM TIBBS What about the wood
deck
GREGORY COLLING And the wood deck
to my knowledge I havent seen it used
WILLIAM TIBBS I mean what was its
purpose What were the users of the deck
Was it a commercial --
GREGORY COLLING Im not sure
WILLIAM TIBBS Was it commercial
use
SAM BENSLEY People would go out
there and have a drink and tenants in the
building
WILLIAM TIBBS The tenants --
35
HUGH RUSSELL Could you give us
your name please
SAME BENSLEY Sam Bensley
WILLIAM TIBBS Other than for me
the idea of the renovation makes sense Not
allowing the tenants who even though they
may not have used it that deck obviously was
there for their use to -- when you have we
typically like to see if there are units on
the property that all of the units there have
some benefit from the open space
GREGORY COLLING Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS Actually can I say
something My name is Chris Williams Im
Ms Bensleys brother
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS And I think I can
point out a couple of things Firs it that
there is a front yard to the two-unit
36
building Its very small And the leases
that weve written for both of the two
tenants do not include the yard at all They
only include the rental unit itself So
they dont even really have access to the
backyard They havent really used it as Sam
said And they dont use it now
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre saying that
the existing leases --
CHRIS WILLIAMS The existing leases
do not --
WILLIAM TIBBS -- theyre not
allowed to use --
CHRIS WILLIAMS They dont allow
them to use the yard The only lease is to
the actual unit itself and not to the yard
GREGORY COLLING Obviously privacy
having a private outdoor space is important
to the owner
37
WILLIAM TIBBS Its also important
to other people too
GREGORY COLLING Right
PAMELA WINTERS Yes
HUGH RUSSELL Its not completely
private because of Mr Sullivans house So
its a you know a semi-private space
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL One that I would
characterize most peoples yards in
Cambridge
GREGORY COLLING Semi-private
HUGH RUSSELL Yes You may control
who comes into it but many people look at
the open spaces
Steve
STEVEN WINTER The semi-private
concept is very nice I like that And it
really is living in a dense urban
38
environment Believe me theres going to be
interaction and contact between the people in
the windows and the people on the ground I
mean theres -- theyre neighbors and thats
going to happen so we want to make it the
best experience for all of them
I need clarification on the rooftop
mechanicals So I need for the proponent to
say clearly there are no rooftop mechanicals
or there are rooftop mechanicals and this is
what they are So thats simply something
that we need clarification on
And I -- I -- just because it was
brought up I think that we are going to need
clarification on the existing lease defining
the tenants access to the side yards Now
Im not sure what I would say if it didnt
say that but I think as long as its been
brought forward we just need to confirm
39
that I feel And if my colleagues feel
differently you know just tell me and I
realize Im being in a bad mood today or
whatever it is we can do that
And I think the lighting is also really
important to us And weve got a lot of
folks in the city who are concerned about the
lighting
Mr Chair is there a -- theres a
lighting plan that the proponent can provide
us right that shows where the lights are
and what directions they go that would assure
us and the neighbors that the lighting will
not interfere with their private spaces
HUGH RUSSELL Such a plan could be
prepared and shown to Mr Sullivan and it
could you know discuss it and come to an
understanding of what made sense and it can
be submitted to us or submitted as a
40
condition you know of the vote I think my
preference is since I dont hear you know
much opposition tonight there are details to
be worked out but the concept seems to be
acceptable So Id rather not you know
delay our approval by a month or six weeks
but Id like to have a process to make sure
that the details are worked out that
Mr Sullivan has consulted and has an
opportunity to discuss his matters with his
abutter And I think whats been represented
to us is that the outdoor space is more
diametric than the Zoning of the building and
its not surprising that we would do that
STEVEN WINTER Okay let me then --
let me take off the table confirming that the
leases -- to the tenant leases define whether
they can or cannot I think Im okay with
that And I concur Mr Chair with what you
41
had said but I do believe that we need to be
respectful of Mr Sullivans areas of
interest which are accessing the rear of his
house the height of the hedges the use of
the yard materials and its permeability that
are next to him and noise related
particularly the air conditioning unit I
think those are real concerns
GREGORY COLLING Sure
STEVEN WINTER I also agree this is
a great plan Its a wonderful use Its a
family that you know has been in Cambridge
for a long time and I think its -- and it
reuses a building in quite a nice way I
congratulate you on the design
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
STEVEN WINTER So yes I concur
And I wouldnt mind voting it appropriately
tonight to move it forward but I do want to
42
make sure that Mr Sullivan is taken care of
PAMELA WINTERS Could I just say
one thing I concur with what Steve just
said and particularly living so close to the
air conditioning that could be really
bothersome
GREGORY COLLING I understand
PAMELA WINTERS Yes And also the
height of the hedge just because Ive gone
through this myself you know this issue
myself You know do you have any idea as to
what kind of hedging or height you want to
put in there
GREGORY COLLING It would probably
be a hue thats shoulder height
PAMELA WINTERS Hues are great
And hues grow to be eight feet tall and
theyre inexpensive So that might be a good
choice
43
And I dont have any trouble with the
tandem parking so I just wanted to mention
that too
And also I think its important for the
abutter to get into you know if he has to
have some roofing done or something done on
the side of his house its important for him
to get into that little area
GREGORY COLLING Im sure that Li
would be amenable to working with Mark on
that
PAMELA WINTERS Great Okay
HUGH RUSSELL Its a practical
matter if its only the width between
Mr Sullivans house and the hedge it
appears to me the width of a kitchen counter
So its about two feet You cant actually
put a ladder up against the house in two
feet so theyre going to have to work
44
together And you know when I trim my
wisteria I put my ladder on my next-door
neighbors property and you know sometimes
I ask her and sometimes I assume the
permission thats been granted in the past
carries over You know if hes planning to
do some work it might be smart to maybe not
plant the hedge until the work is done if
that you know if that can be worked out as
an arrangement
GREGORY COLLING Well typically
the landscape work is the last piece thats
done so that might be something that we can
work out I think -- I wasnt aware that
Mark had a concern about the location of the
condenser and were certainly more than happy
to work with him and address any of his
concerns And Im sure Li you know shes a
great neighbor and I think that shed be more
45
than happy to address any of Marks concerns
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I propose that
we attach a condition that the air
conditioner be you know removed at some
distance from the property line
PAMELA WINTERS I agree
HUGH RUSSELL A distance maybe
being a width of the L on the half house
STEVEN COHEN If I could add one
comment about that condenser Frankly if
its a loud condenser moving it even that
distance isnt going to make an enormous
amount of difference I think the real key
to the condenser is not as much the location
but getting a quiet condenser And Im not
quite sure what the Cambridge noise ordinance
says about the noise level of condenser but
theyre available extremely quiet nowadays
and I dont know that its within our
46
jurisdiction to actually specify the decibel
level here But I think under the
circumstances and just being a good neighbor
with a fellow whos already expressed a
concern about it I think you would be well
advised to find an extremely quiet condenser
They cost a few bucks more but not a whole
lot more and it would make a world of
difference
As for the property line it is what it
is It is where it is Theres nothing we
can do to change that And frankly if the
tenants under the leases have rights to
outdoor space theres nothing that we can do
here to in any way compromise their rights
under those leases But maybe we can
encourage to do something about the noise
from the condenser
GREGORY COLLING I think thats
47
something thats -- that we certainly can
work with Mark on
STEVEN WINTER May I remind the
Chair just to be a timekeeper we are at
eight oclock We are at ten till eight and
just to remind the Chair that we are working
hard to stay on the schedule
HUGH RUSSELL So we can dilly
dally around for six minutes because
otherwise well have to take another break
But Ahmed did you want to say
something
AHMED NUR Okay I think most of
the points have been covered by my colleagues
definitely for the approval of this
renovation One concern that I share with --
and I think a lot of people said the same
thing but Im concerned with Mark Sullivans
case The rear of the house Im assuming
48
the shrubs the houses are too close So
wherever the property line might be for the
surveyors I mean trees outgrow and you dont
want to cover (inaudible) And obviously by
rule hes going to come down to chop it
Its his right to do that
GREGORY COLLING Right Theres an
access alley for servicing the facade of that
house on the property Theres about a three
foot path against the house
AHMED NUR And also I cant really
see whether that facade where the shrubs are
where the east or southern sun and if its
going to be eight foot tall it might block or
overshadow his kitchen or whatever it is near
the rear of the house
GREGORY COLLING I dont think the
hedge was planned to be eight feet
AHMED NUR Okay
49
MARK SULLIVAN May I speak
AHMED NUR Mark wants to speak
MARK SULLIVAN Just to make a
comment clear Im not interested in an eight
foot hedge either because I think the space
will look quite nice And as you folks have
summarized you know our concerns are
primarily noise some of which we can easily
work out with Lianne and some is mechanical
To be able to borrow an improved view would
be nice
HUGH RUSSELL Ready to act on this
Would someone like to put forward the motion
referring to the application for the specific
relief sought
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair Id like
to -- and fellow Board Members Id like to
make a motion that the application for a
Special Permit to convert a non-residential
50
structure to residential use to reduce the
amount of required parking and to occupy the
lot with more dwelling units than would be
allowed dimensionally The conventional C
Zoning District dimensional regulations be
allowed based on the findings of this Board
and also on conditions as discussed by this
Board Im not sure what they are at the
moment specifically but relating
specifically to conversations that he will
have with his immediate abutter relating to
concerns about lighting and sound and
landscaping details And maintenance access
rights over the property Thats the motion
BRIAN MURPHY So moved
H THEODORE COHEN Second
HUGH RUSSELL I heard Teds second
first
Is there discussion on the motion
51
All those in favor of the motion
(Raising hands)
HUGH RUSSELL All members voting in
favor And thats it
Thank you for a very clear presentation
and a great architectural job
GREGORY COLLING Thank you very
much
(A short recess was taken)
HUGH RUSSELL All right we can
begin now on the next item on the agenda
which is a discussion of a recommendation on
the Teague Petition on light trespass And
we had a public hearing and before we made
comments those comments were referred to the
staff And Jeff Roberts and other people on
the staff have thought about those and come
back with a written response to what we
brought to them So I think what wed like
52
to do is start with Jeff presenting the work
that hes done and the thinking and the
rationale behind it Then well ask
Mr Teague to respond to that and then we
will decide what were going to say to the
Council
So please proceed
JEFF ROBERTS Thank you Mr Chair
Jeff Roberts CDD
I just wanted to briefly go over mostly
just the proposed modifications which are in
the package that we sent to the Board It
starts following the text of the draft
recommendation On the text of the draft
recommendation itself is as we tend to do
sometimes we take the Boards comments and
form it into a draft recommendation And
certainly were all open to hearing the
Boards comments and suggestions about
53
revisions that we can then take back and
modify as the Board wishes But I wanted to
take a moment to go over some of the proposed
text that comes after -- the Zoning text that
comes after that in order to address some of
the questions because some questions have
come up since this came out We wanted to
try to address those right off the bat
In general the intent of the proposed
modifications is to retain the same overall
scope as the petition and to create some
clearer standards that rely less on
discretionary enforcement That was an issue
that the Planning Board raised at the last
hearing But one of the considerations that
we have is to keep within the scope of the
initial petition and not to deviate largely
from that scope which would require a
possible re-advertisement of the petition
54
The one particular issue thats come up
that we have -- I feel that we maybe havent
addressed fully is the question of how this
applies to existing lighting And this is
a -- this is an issue thats covered broadly
in Zoning by the state laws that enable
Municipal Zoning Rules and this comes from
Chapter 40A Section 6 of the state laws
which says -- and Im skipping a little bit
but basically says A Zoning Ordinance or
by-law shall not apply to structures or uses
lawfully in existence or lawfully begun but
shall -- before that Zoning change was
adopted but shall apply to any change or
substantial extension of such use to any
reconstruction extension or structural
change of such structure and to any
alteration of a structure to provide for its
use for a substantially different purpose or
55
for the same purpose in a substantially
different manner that was substantially
greater extent And thats the overall
framework within which the Zoning Ordinance
is written
In Cambridge the Zoning Ordinance we
also have Article 8 which is a which is a
general set of standards on non-conformity
which starts with that state law provision
and adds some other instances where for one
reason or another the City allows
non-conforming structures or non-conforming
uses to continue in certain specific ways
So based on this overall framework
its our understanding that whether the
original petition language were put forward
or in the case of the modified language it
would apply to new buildings new uses and
significant alterations that -- to buildings
56
or to lighting and would not compel existing
property owners who installed their lighting
you know in a way that was legal at the
time before this petition was advertised
would not compel them to change their
lighting or to take down any existing
fixtures
In fact the proposed text is meant to
clarify that the non-conformity rules
wouldnt necessarily apply to maintain an
existing non-conforming lighting light when
you do when you do significant alterations
to a building So its meant to clarify that
any change you make to a building to a use
or to the lighting on a building has to be
brought into conformance with what the new
regulations are
So thats just one overall piece And
then Id like to just take a quick step
57
through some of the -- what the provisions
actually are And it says it says Page 1
of 6 where it starts but its several pages
into the document Im sorry about the page
numbering
The first page covers the definitions
which are included thats included in the
original petition There are some small
changes for clarity and directness of
application Some additions borrowed
from other -- which weve borrowed a little
bit by looking at other Ordinances that had
been actually brought up at the public
hearings and Ive spent a little bit of time
looking through those and comparing the
standards that are proposed with standards
that are in existence in some other places
and some that might have been held up as
models And in particular thats the
58
standards having to do with the illuminance
rating and the illuminance and that factors
in later on So Ill just skip ahead with
that
On page 2 the applicability again
makes it clear where were enforcing these
standards which would be really any in any
instance where Zoning rules do apply And we
included some exceptions in response to the
Planning Boards comment about will this be
possibly too extensive or have unintended
consequences Some of these exceptions are
present in the original petition Some have
been added For instance in A where it
talks about city lighting thats a provision
thats suggested to make sure that the City
essentially doesnt get in its own way For
instance if there was a situation in a
public park where the neighbors were
59
concerned about safety and made a request to
the City to increase lighting the Citys
hands wouldnt then be tied by its own
Ordinance to be able to respond to that kind
of a public concern
Indoor lighting is included because I
think that in most other Ordinances the
illumination standards do specify outdoor
lighting Indoor lighting can be very
difficult to enforce If somebody put a lamp
in their window would you then have to take
a Zoning enforcement action Its a
difficult scenario in which to try to apply a
Zoning enforcement
And the abandon new provision was
actually one that was taken from -- which is
on page 3 I believe was taken -- it was a
suggestion thats included from other
Ordinances again to try to to the extent
60
possible facilitate the replacement of old
non-conforming fixtures with with newer
conforming fixtures and not to allow people
to use the fact that the light hasnt been --
its been sort of not on for a long time to
then do something that might not otherwise be
in conformance
The rest of page 3 makes it makes a
change in the language on the regulation to
clarify that whats being regulated are the
things that cause the light rather than light
itself thats being regulated It is more
straightforward in my opinion to regulate
physical fixtures and structures in a way
that can be directly observed and enforced
The overall regulation remains based on the
sort of the principle that was described by
the petitioner which is that you can
visually verify whether a light is -- is in
61
conformance or potentially not in
conformance And I think it was the Boards
suggestion that perhaps there could be a
recourse that then a property owner could
either then fix the problem or could provide
some evidence that the light actually is in
conformance with what those specific
standards are
We did I should note on again that
the burden really would be on the installer
And under B I think as well as A and C on
that page we can you know we can add the
text that the installer has demonstrated I
think that would be your reasonable standard
that was just as a clerical matter It was
just left out of the text
The -- there was a comment that about
the half a foot candle 05 foot candles and
in terms of whether that was a too high a
62
standard There are other -- there are
actually a range of standards that are used
in many other Ordinances They have
different standards that apply to different
zones and different districts and to be
consistent with the petition were trying to
figure out something that could apply
citywide So 05 may be you know may be on
the high end Other cities use 035 02
01 or sometimes as low as 005 but that
tends to be again where theres a
separation between residential districts and
non-residential districts And we can look
at that a little more or talk about that a
little more
And then I just wanted to make a
comment too because this was brought up in
723 thats retaining the existing text in
the Zoning I think there may have been some
63
confusion as to whether that is meant to
imply that this continues to only apply only
in Residence A B C and C1 districts which
is not the case The new regulations would
apply citywide If there was concern about
these regulations and whether or not they
would apply to other districts such as
Residence C-2 we could add Residence C-2 to
that list as an amendment to that text but
the petition didnt actually amend that text
so we left it we left it as is
Another consideration is to say that
the new regulation supersedes the old
regulation and maybe theres no need to have
it at all and it could be deleted
The next page on page 4 is -- it talks
about enforcement And this is again based
on the -- its the sort of core of the
petition that this should be a
64
complaint-driven enforcement There is a
general provision Article 9 of the Zoning
for a person to to request a Zoning
enforcement and this is just a way to
provide some more detail to that process
where in this particular case were looking
at this as a special case there would be a
process of recording a specific item and then
having the owner have a chance to respond and
then at that point being able to move forward
with other avenues of Zoning enforcement just
to provide opportunities where these issues
can be resolved in a straight forward manner
There is one note one comment that was
made to me that it says in 7242 the owner
of any property intends and it actually is
true that in the Zoning its not necessarily
a property owner but any aggrieved person
So it could be a renter who could file that
65
kind of complaint So that would be a
recommended change to this That is to say
instead of the owner of any property just any
individual could make that request
The rest of it is very similar to the
petition We did add one note that says that
just to -- I guess a clarifying note and
its on page 6 where the -- they talk about
parking regulations that the lighting must
conform to the requirements of Article 7
Again just to kind of button things up And
there was a question also that was raised
about I think outside of this it wasnt in
the petition but whether one foot -- what is
one foot candle be the appropriate standard
recommended standard for a parking lot And
its a question thats difficult to answer
but it it may be worth the Citys
consideration at some point --
66
HUGH RUSSELL When we do parking
lots half a free candle is the lowest level
You look at -- because the light is much
brighter under the luminaire theres a
minimum number and theres a ratio between
the brightest and the least bright portion
because of that ratio gets very high the eye
adjusts and so you have to keep that range
down But for that reason I would think
spilling a half a foot candle on somebody
elses property which is a reasonable
standard for a parking lot would be an
unreasonable spill standard And I think we
should not be allowed to spill as much light
as would allow your next-door neighbor to
have in a parking lot So maybe it should
be you know substantially lower and maybe a
02 setting you know And it certainly
worked under Ordinances where its 01 but
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youre in more suburban locations where its
more easy to achieve that
MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE Can you
turn the volume up on the microphone so we
can hear you better
HUGH RUSSELL Ill try to move
closer to the microphone You werent here
earlier when we were having the feedback
problems Im hoping we can go back to our
regular meeting room sooner rather than later
where its a little bit easier there
So sorry Jeff I interrupted you
JEFF ROBERTS Thats fine
I think thats actually a good point
to you know in order for me to stop and to
let the Board ask questions or respond
HUGH RUSSELL So I guess my
question is based on the public testimony
many people came in and they said theres
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this awful wall pack that somebody put up a
while ago and its really annoying And what
Im hearing you say is that because of the
way that the Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning
enabling network we cant we cant solve
that problem Is there a way to solve that
through the municipal lighting or should we
recommend to the Council that they pursue
that question Because to me its you know
having been the victim of wall packs in the
past and I got my neighbor to do a pretty
good job of fixing it eventually but I --
personally Im aware of that and I think we
heard this testimony And so is -- how do
you -- is it possible to deal with that if
you cant do it in Zoning some other way
JEFF ROBERTS Well Im not -- I
have to admit first that Im not an expert on
non-zoning legal matters but I can tell you
69
what Ive found in you know in just my
reading
Well first of all there is a
Municipal Code which is separate from the
Zoning Ordinance which doesnt it is not
established under Chapter 40-A but does
still have to adhere to any superseding state
laws or regulations so And again Im
not well enough versed in that to give
specific answers I -- but for you know
there is an examine in Cambridge for
example where you can look at the noise
ordinance in Cambridge where that is part of
the Zoning Code and its not part of the
Zoning Ordinance and its treated and
enforced in a you know different mechanism
I do know that because it was
recommended by the Board to look at other
examples that we have looked at Newtons
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Newton Mass Code and they do have
requirements in their Zoning that apply to
you know new development new lighting but
they also have a light trespass provision
within their Ordinance on I believe its
miscellaneous finds and offenses that
discusses the amount of light trespass thats
allowed on an adjacent property And I
cant I cant say because I dont have any
firsthand examples whether thats been used
to enforce enforce an Ordinance on a
situation that was pre-existing I just
got -- actually I just got through one of
their former plans They had experience of
reviewing it through site plan review for
Zoning and making sure the lighting is
conforming that way but not whether there was
enforcement done in a different way
HUGH RUSSELL Do we have other
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questions for Jeff
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
Jeff I think you did a great job The staff
did a great job And first Ill go back to
the last issue which is I would make a
recommendation or suggestion to City Council
or the staff that somebody ask the Law
Department because I think it is indeed a
problem under the Zoning Enabling Act to try
to deal with pre-existing non-conforming uses
or structures and that whether one could as
an analog to the noise ordinance adopt a
light ordinance at the site of Zoning which
might be immediately applicable to existing
uses
I -- the first question I have is in
your Section 723 where theres the
reference at the very end Proposed addition
shall conform to the requirements of Section
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722 above
Is that intended to bring in the as
written currently not exceed one half foot
candle at any point beyond the property line
JEFF ROBERTS Yes That added
language I would characterize it as sort of
a buttoning up Just to make it clear that
723 doesnt supersede 722 but rather that
this is a sort of an additional set of -- and
it remains as additional set of standards and
requirements that -- but that 722 also
applies with regard to the shielding and the
spill --
H THEODORE COHEN Right right I
just wanted it to be clear in my mind that if
there were some spill under 723 but it did
not exceed the half foot candle or whatever
standard was ultimately agreed upon that
that would be okay
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JEFF ROBERTS I -- as long as it --
yes if it meets all -- if it meets all the
standards If its only -- if it is
continuous and of indirect note and other
definitions but if its -- if it prevents
direct light from any other property and
shall conform -- oh Im sorry now I
understand what youre asking
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not view --
JEFF ROBERTS 723 supersedes 722
Well that may be that may be a concern I
guess if it is -- if that if that language
creates ambiguity --
H THEODORE COHEN Let me rephrase
it
JEFF ROBERTS Yes
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not -- in going after the people who
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we really want to go after we are not making
every property owner every house owner who
has got a house you know with a light two
feet from their abutting property owners
property line is not going to be in violation
of this if it complies with whatever minimal
standard has been written into the Ordinance
And so as I read 722 if it wasnt more than
05 foot candle if you know that was okay
and I wanted to be clear that under 723 the
same standard would apply
JEFF ROBERTS Yes I would say that
is the intent But I think youve noted
something that could potentially being
resolved an ambiguity that could be resolved
by the text
H THEODORE COHEN Okay I dont
have the you know the knowledge or
background to say what the right level is
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Ill have to take you know Hughs or
staffs determination of what is the proper
level
The comment you made on 7242
changing owner of any property to an
individual gives me some discomfort because
the way its been written now it relates as
you know a lot of Special Permits or Zoning
enforcement relates to aggrieved party within
300 feet or abutters to abutters and just
changing it to an individual is not tieing it
to some particular location And so I would
ask that you think about that again if you
want to go away from the owner of a property
that it somehow -- I mean I mean we dont
-- we want people who have a legitimate right
to be able to complain about it but not
necessarily someone whos a half mile away
saying oh I dont like the way that light
76
looks when I drive by So I would just be
careful about that
I had been concerned about the
overreach of everything under the original
language And I still am concerned about the
fact that if you can see it it can be deemed
a violation but I think the provision youve
written in here in 7242 ameliorates my
concerns a lot that there is this whole
process so that were not going to have
frivolous complaints being made or complaints
that you know neighbors versus neighbors
who just happen to be right next to each
other and saying well you know your porch
light is too bright because I can see it So
Im much more comfortable with that
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have a
comment and a question Jeff and I also
wanted to compliment you on how carefully you
77
listened and how much better this is since
the last time we saw it I think its worth
emphasis that the issue of standing which is
sort of cemented in the law of Zoning really
be more carefully articulated here I too
am uncomfortable about straining from that
issue Its abutters and abutters to
abutters and the 300-foot radius is I think
what I would be looking for in terms of
aggrieved parties as a definition But the
thing that Im missing the most I think
from a nearly perfect redrafted section here
and looking at the Section 641 at the end
which is entitled Purpose made me think
that I was missing that in the illumination
section sort of just a general couple of
sentences at the beginning to say why are we
concerned about this in the city of
Cambridge And obviously were concerned
78
about the spilling of light on to adjacent
properties and the effect it might have on
the ability of those adjacent property owners
to enjoy their property And I think its
another thing missing And its interesting
that this diagram is up here on the screen
because the aggrieved party is gesturing at
the ground and looking at his neighbor But
actually theres another condition that the
section of the Ordinance could address which
is which is the night sky And I think that
thats another purpose of this Ordinance
which is to control the effective light
spilling up into the night sky which is an
issue of environmental concern increasingly
in this country and I think Cambridge should
take credit for and also highlight its
concern about the issue that light should not
unnecessarily spill into the night sky So I
79
really think the Ordinance and the diagram on
the right of the screen shows in fact the
lighting fixture thats doing both of those
things and thats correctly I think what we
should be concerned about And thank you
just two minor points
Thanks Jeff
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Well
first I want to say you talking about the
Rule of 40-A and the non-conforming
structures I think because this has come to
us from people who are dealing with this
problem now I would really like to see
included in your memo and the language that
you very carefully drafted with some changes
that my fellow board members that I think
articulated well Id like to see in our
memo a recommendation that City Council
really take up the approach that you
80
described Newton has which is that the
two-pronged approach The General Ordinance
to deal with the problem that is there now
where one property owner is creating a
nuisance for the other property owner so that
they can get some relief from existing
things but also that going forward we would
have that ongoing review and pro-active
dealing with this so that we dont create
those situations in the future
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes go ahead
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to agree
wholeheartedly with what you just said and
also I want to agree that I think we -- the
changes that you made to this from my
perspective are an improvement And I think
you hit upon a lot of the core issues that we
were concerned about The problem I think
81
that you have what you stated was within the
confines of a Zoning Petition You can only
change so much before it becomes something
else And I guess my recommendation would be
that the -- we actually look at with a
non-conforming piece it just -- its great
for new stuff but it doesnt do anything
about the current situation and I think
there may be some better mechanisms
So my recommendation would be that the
City really take this on but it actually
become a petition from -- that we work on to
get it right That would then you remember
at the first hearing I commented about the
fact that we probably -- it would be good to
have a consultant to help us with things half
of a lit candle versus something else And
if you had a city process where youre trying
to solve that you can do that So I think
82
as I said I think what this petition is
trying to do is very very good but Zoning
is always a proved mechanism to do it And I
am a little concerned Specifically I think
there is a -- Im concerned about what
constitutes a change Were talking about a
fixture versus a building so that -- and you
have the license that says if its new
construction yes But if youre altering or
changing it but what if you alter or change
the light fixture I mean that gets -- that
definition to me gets very unclear If a
light fixture is one light to the left and
they want to change it is that a change To
me it gets a little confusing The initial
standing I would agree also is the fact it
has to be and we just cant have people who
are renting and stuff like that this could
be a nightmare And I guess Im very
83
concerned about the the Section 2-point -- I
mean 7242 which is really the enforcement
piece And I think you will get a lot of
frivolous complaints They may not be
frivolous in the mind of the person
complaining but it may turn out to the
frivolous And even if it isnt frivolous
Im just concerned that it may get a lot I
mean the poor superintendent of buildings is
just going to get a lot of this stuff And
you know you get a complaint you have to
determine that the complaints valid Im
just concerned about that So I think you
know Municipal Code andor Zoning
combination just has a better approach to me
to solving as opposed to trying to just doing
it all
And thats all
PAMELA WINTERS Thanks Hugh
84
Is this on Im just curious I dont
know what a foot candle is How many watts
like for a bulb is it
JEFF ROBERTS Thats hard to say
So Ill try to do this in very laymens
terms Theres -- in lighting theres such
thing as theres luminance and then theres
illuminance And luminance is like your
bulb So if you have a 60-watt light bulb
thats -- I think somewhere around to
determine like 850 900 luminance which is
the -- because wattage is always different
depending on what kind of light you have
You measure the brightness of the light in
luminance and thats just the point source
of light
Illuminance means how much light youre
casting on something thats away So what --
the light that just that bulb is casting on
85
the floor or the wall is called illuminance
And its measured in -- foot candles are kind
of a weird unit I actually dont know how
it came about but its also I believe
equivalent to luminance per square foot So
its like imagining a light sort of creating
a wash over over a surface So its really
the intensity of the light spread over a
surface that its that its shining on So
you basically measure it and you use whats
called a lux meter You cant measure it if
you have sort of a room where you can just
turn on one light source you can hold up a
lux meter and get a reading on what the
illuminance is thats being a -- what that
means is that the further you get away from
the light source the illuminance or the foot
candles goes down And I should say too
and this could be a technical point that was
86
made to me and addressed to me that the
illuminance is generally as a technical
standard is measured horizontally against the
ground and vertically on a you know sort of
up and down direction And that could be
also clarified in the Zoning I think as a
technical point just to make sure its
consistent with what the professional
standards are
PAMELA WINTERS Well I was just a
little bit concerned about 723 because I
know in our house we have a driveway that the
front unit uses and we do too And also we
have our back unit And if we didnt have
the lighting up there we have sort of a
two-pronged lighting fixture one which goes
to the driveway and one which goes into
behind the gate in our backyard It would
it would really it would be pitch black
87
there and it would cause real security
issues But again its like we use --
like I dont know 50-watt bulbs so I dont
know what candle measurement would be but
you know we do try to you know we shine it
on those particular areas But Im sure some
of it you know does get reflected to some
of the neighbor -- I dont know
You know we also have an arbor and we
would put up Christmas lights around the
arbor all year actually and so -- we also
have plighting in the trees in our yard
HUGH RUSSELL Night sky
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah -- no no no
because the trees block the you know just
the trees block the --
STEVEN COHEN Youre going to jail
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah maybe I
shouldnt have said anything Anyway so I
88
guess I have an issue about that So I dont
know do you have any comments on that
JEFF ROBERTS No I mean I
think --
STEVEN COHEN Walk away
JEFF ROBERTS Youve done a good
job of I think illustrating the complexity of
enforcing these regulations in a way
thats --
PAMELA WINTERS I know
JEFF ROBERTS -- this sets you
know a clear set of standards and is as a
complaint-driven enforcement mechanism So
if you went up and uninstalled that light and
if you were you know installing that you
know whatever after the Zoning was
advertised and someone had a complaint with
it they would hopefully come to you first
and see if you could redirect it and you
89
know kind of give you their permission that
its okay But if not they could you know
they could -- if your light was not you
know shielded as its been described and
pointed downwards they could take a photo of
it send it to the Building Commissioner and
they could then they could ask you to verify
that your lighting is within the acceptable
parameters
PAMELA WINTERS Poor Building
Commissioner Boy Anyway go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Steve you want to
go
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair may I
speak
HUGH RUSSELL Go ahead
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
Mr Chair I simply wanted to concur that
with the general direction that the
90
conversation is going I concur with my
colleagues And I also would like to echo
the sentiment that the presentation of the
Zoning and the side bar Jeff the
explanations in them have made this a really
good exercise Jeff thank you for that
HUGH RUSSELL Id like to comment
that first several board members havent
spoken yet and secondly we have the
proponent of the original petition before us
who has studied the subject and studied the
proposal before us and I think we need to
listen to him And we have other members of
the public here And since theres something
substantially different in our
recommendation we need to listen to them
So I think Steve and Ahmed and I have
some comments too
STEVEN COHEN Jeff to the extent
91
that this is technical I dont have the
technical experience or knowledge to second
guess you And you seem to have made
yourself an expert in this area of lighting
over the passed few months But in general
on technical matters Im very much inclined
to defer to the analysis and research and
thought and efforts by you and the staff So
I think that youve done great on that The
thing to me thats most interesting and just
understand most important is this whole
question of non-conformity To the extent
that all of this is just prospective I think
it works reasonably well from every
perspective and including from an enforcement
perspective Its the non-conformities I
just want to ask you a little bit more about
first of all just under 40A6 as
interpreted as applied here what sort of
92
changes would would bring a fixture out of a
legal non-conforming status Clearly
replacing the fixture its got to be brought
up to Code If youre making changes
alterations to the structure other than the
fixture does that at any point trigger a
requirement
JEFF ROBERTS Well it could And
thats the way weve essentially written it
to try to be as encompassing in scope as
possible to not provide any kind of
non-conformity exceptions that would allow
someone whos making an alteration that
requires a Building Permit or even an
Electrical Permit to install to install new
lighting To utilize the non-conformity
rules to be able to leave something up
thats not conforming
STEVEN COHEN So Im not sure Im
93
understanding what youre saying So if
somebodys making a substantial change and --
but it doesnt involve the fixture are you
saying they do have to bring it into
conformity
JEFF ROBERTS If we -- in the
proposal that weve written --
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS -- and we have
specified that And if you do specify that
you can require that a property owner do
that
STEVEN COHEN And as youve
proposed it here what is the trigger point
I mean what is the extent of change that
would trigger the requirement
JEFF ROBERTS It would essentially
be that if youre it would be -- at least
the enforcement path would be you need to get
94
a permit for -- from Inspectional Services
to to make an alteration to the building or
to change the use of the building in a way
that it falls within that definition of where
Zoning regulations can apply And thats
and theres -- and its sort of laid out in
Article 8 of the Zoning It says that any
alteration to the exterior of the structure
any alteration of the structure to
accommodate a different use substantially
different use than whats there at the time
and any enlargement of a use those are
those are the types of things or any
enlargement of a building those are the
types of things that you then have to if you
do that you have to comply with Zoning
STEVEN COHEN So bear with me I
wanted to work through this a little bit If
Im adding an addition to my house then my
95
lighting must -- all of the lighting must
comply If Im adding a window to my
existing house do I have to bring lighting
into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS If its just a
replacement of an existing window
STEVEN COHEN Say Im enlarging an
opening or adding a new window
JEFF ROBERTS Right Then that
would trigger a Zoning review for Zoning
compliance --
STEVEN COHEN So it has to be
brought into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS Right So thats the
way its currently written again to try to
maintain the expansiveness and the scope of
the petition thats been proposed But the
Zoning could specify could be more specific
about where you do and where you dont
96
require that lighting be brought into
conformance with the Zoning Code
STEVEN COHEN I mean obviously
youve put some thought into this and this is
what youre recommending Do you have any
concern that that might be an overly broad
requirement basically anybody doing anything
with their house other than painting or
repairs theyre going to have to bring all
their lighting into compliance Its more
than grandfathering everything Its not as
much as the proponents originally wished for
which is apply everywhere today I mean
whats your thought Do you see -- do you
have any concerns about this or are you
pretty comfortable and confident about that
recommendation
JEFF ROBERTS I would say that
there are concerns about that Its
97
generally more strict than in other aspects
of Zoning where you may be allowed to
maintain an existing non-conformity as long
as the work -- thats sort of what I meant
when I referred to Article 8 Article 8 has
certain rules that say that you can if you
do some work that doesnt affect an existing
non-conformity then you can sort of keep
that non-conformity And the question is
really whats the desired outcome Is it to
just allow lighting to be replaced with
better lighting during the -- you know
during the natural course of its life Is
it you know burns out or no longer
functional or when youre -- or just when
youre building new buildings Or is it to
try as quickly as possible to bring as much
lighting as possible into conformance with
whats with whats desired
98
And I guess I can try to characterize
who because Ive had conversations with the
Building Commissioner the Superintendent
about what the what the impact is going to
be in terms of enforcement and it does
require some more strict requirements for
someone whos for instance you know just
changing the use of a building If they have
an office building and theyre putting in a
restaurant and they dont really want to
touch the outside of the building
Inspectional Services would still demand that
they show a lighting plan with all of their
existing lighting And if it doesnt
conform then show a plan that you know pay
whatever it costs to bring it into
compliance
STEVEN COHEN Just a couple more
quick questions
99
Again on the question of
non-conformity you know it struck me that
you know while some people might consider to
be onerous to have -- to bring all the
lighting up to compliance that maybe there
might be some basis for distinction between
commercial and residential uses And even
with residential perhaps between you know
multi-unit and structures and say three
families or smaller just a thought about
that possible distinction
And I guess one final thought unless
Im mistaken if my memory serves me
correctly the sign code and the sign
ordinance which I think is part of the
Zoning my recollection is that there is
there was something in there when it was
originally passed essentially a sunset type
law that for certain kinds of non-conforming
100
signs they were permitted to remain in
existence but only for a limited period of
time I dont know how that slipped under
40A unless maybe the sign ordinance deemed to
be non-zoning or under the police power or
something but it if Im right in my
recollection it might offer another avenue
for thought in the way of dealing with
non-conforming uses
WILLIAM TIBBS Can I just real
quick just as a follow up to just what you
were just saying I just -- I just want to I
guess you remind us that process-wise the
petitioner made a petition we made comments
and Jeff was trying to write stuff relative
to our comments I didnt want you to feel
that Jeff was making a recommendation back to
us Hes just making recommendations and to
us -- hes just trying to get some writing
101
which reflects what he thought he was hearing
which I thought he did a very good job of
This isnt a proposal from the City to us
Its really a proposal as to how to change
the language within the parameters of the
permit process
STEVEN COHEN I see
WILLIAM TIBBS He has limits to
what he can do
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Thank you
Jeff you dont have to answer these
right now but I just want you to basically
give it a thought or maybe consider if its
not I really couldnt find the language but
I was wondering about lights and dynamics in
motion Such as the city grows in night with
cyclists that we have all these flashing
lights that are head on with cars and we
102
have the City of Cambridge -- we had the City
had after market head lamps you know you
see one thats manufactured correctly thats
illuminating beautifully and youll see a
tiny light of maybe even like a one foot
candle you know combination and also facing
the wrong way kind of blinding people so on
and so forth so I just thought of have you
thought about with traffic Thats one
And second comment that I wanted to
make is as engineers when we build buildings
we tend to have lights blend in with the
indoor or outdoor environment You know for
example if we were to put up a tile in a
sonar or something we would put the lighting
in first and then put the tile in so then we
can see the shadow it produces on the tile
You know as opposed to installing the tile
first and then putting the light in So
103
have you considered or will you consider the
architectural impact the lights might have on
an environment How hot it is in there
What type of material it is And is it
bundled material if the lights are shining on
a bundled material produce a shadow you
know type
Thats all
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I have four
comments I think its important that we not
restrict the complaint process to owners of
property because if youre a tenant in say
a multi-family building and youre aggrieved
because somebody -- you may be impossible to
convince the owner of your apartment building
to bring a complaint and there could be many
reasons why the owner might not
I think you mentioned the abutters and
abutters to abutters in Cambridge but maybe
104
expanding that to allow people who are at
least tenants to also bring those complaints
Historical note dark sky The largest
telescope in the world was located in
Cambridge Massachusetts in about 1855 And
that instrument is still in Cambridge
although its utilities have been somewhat
diminished both because its only 15 inches
in diameter and secondly the parking lot
lights around the observatory cut off three
magnitudes of what they can see through it
and the night sky I think we should
recommend the City in its consideration of
light trespass really need to hire experts
And I mean uses have repeatedly that think
the CE Department has the technical expertise
to really get the fine grain I think we do
not have that expertise and thats just
going to have to be part of the process And
105
I wouldnt want to hold up the enactment of
the Zoning piece but it might be that well
come back and say no youve got to make some
small adjustments to the Zoning in the
context of the other one We can do that
Fourth point is what triggers the
clients And I want to remind people of the
yellow sheet that we now get In order to do
almost anything to a house in the city
because almost every house is non-conforming
the exterior of the house has to go before
the Zoning Board and so you might want to
write in that when you make the trip to the
Zoning Board youve also got to demonstrate
that youre lighting
Changing light fixtures in the context
of a renovation plan isnt the huge part of
the plan but it might have a big impact on
the results to some of the people And if
106
the Zoning Board was also looking at that
these questions and asking those questions
during their reviews we might get some more
places where we -- that would be in effect
H THEODORE COHEN Just one
clarifying Jeff Im sorry In 723
theres a reference any permanent lighting
permitted by the pre-exempt shall be shall be
continuous and direct etcetera etcetera
Many of us have outdoor lighting for
driveways and porches that are on motion
detectors so that theyre only on when
somebody is entering or leaving is that
does the word continuous mean that things
like that would not be permitted
JEFF ROBERTS That was a question
that crossed my mind as well but not really
something that was included in the scope of
the petition so I didnt I didnt look into
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that very closely to see how they enforce it
I dont believe that a motion sensor light is
considered a non-continuous light I think a
non-continuous light refers to flashing or
strobe I guess
HUGH RUSSELL You mentioned at some
point that possibly 723 (inaudible) is one
provision in it that it talks about the
decorative lighting that might be added in
the 722 list of things of exceptions And
as I think if -- we had several discussions
about what how do these two things work
together and youre thinking I think that
you could probably just delete 723 so that
that confusion didnt come up And take
whatevers in it that isnt in the rest of it
and put it in the rest
Okay if we are complete with our
comments Id like Mr Teague to critique us
108
CHARLES TEAGUE You dont really
want me to critique you
WILLIAM TIBBS Sure Briefly
critique us
CHARLES TEAGUE Im on the ten
minute clock here Charles Teague 23
Edmunds Street and you have caught me out
This was a Band-Aid This was going to be a
quick thing despite and despite being a
quick thing by attorneys engineers
architects lighting experts so you know
it looks trivial to small amount of changes
but it was subtle The last time we were
here there was a question of as why you could
see the light elements on the pitches of good
lights And thats because you can see the
elements on the pitches of good light if
youre standing where the light is supposed
to be and you cant see it where light is not
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supposed to be And so and yes all your
discussion about -- so I spent an hour on the
phone with the firm who is the town the
towns -- the solicitors for the town of
Ashland reviewed their sunset clauses Its
a Municipal Code And yes the proper
lighting ordinance is in the Municipal Code
Everybody stuffs it in the Zoning where you
run into the grandfathering problem So once
you get out you can do the sunset clauses
you can expire something after ten years
And he showed me the examples on the signs
And so yeah this is all wrong We
shouldnt spend a lot of time on this We
should have just got it over with you know
two years ago but here we are So Im not
exactly -- so just on process you had a long
discussion of process the last time And now
this is gone through the Ordinance Committee
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CDD was there participated Was referred
favorably to the full Council I say its
not the time for a major rewrite And the
trouble I have is that theres major
differences outcomes and a lot about
enforcement and a lot about grandfathering
What I tried to do very -- and we -- its
basically because as Jeff astutely pointed
out is that he used an entirely different
method He refers to the fixture I refer
to the light And he thought it was more
clear to refer to the fixture but once you
do that youre explicitly grandfathering
everything And I was trying to see if we
can if we can sneak by And because this
was supposed to be a quick fix And then
youre supposed to go off and do a real
Municipal Ordinance with real professionals
and a real budget which I dont have
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The reason why its important and lets
go back public health public safety
Theres the safety of too much light versus
too little light We had expert testimony on
health direct light or we just went over
why the visible and good lights And the
scope and were afraid of this wipe of
enforcement Enforcement one of the things
about enforcement is that if its simple you
can handle more stuff But simplicity I
lets say people dont go down to the
Building Commissioner and ask him to enforce
things They come to community meetings and
theyre really upset and they ask me And
thats how enforcement works in my
neighborhood And its Charles Teague that
goes down to the Building Department
Theres not a lot of enforcement in Zoning
going on And so and it comes through you
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know the neighborhood experts So and then
theres the whole grandfather issue
So there we go Theres the good
light You can -- I took this picture
consciously so that you could see the
lighting elements and then youve got the arm
under the Mount Auburn Hospital and Im on
their property in their driveway and thats
good light And theres the area to be lit
So anyways what were trying to avoid
is legal And we dont want neighbors suing
neighbors but they can They can sue under
the nuisance on their reasonable use and
enjoyment And so the lawyers I talked with
just gone through this in Lincoln They sued
because there was -- the town wouldnt
enforce the one line of the Zoning Ordinance
and they also sued under nuisances There
were other things in the case but its the
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fees in the six figures They started in
2008 They finished their trial this March
in 2013 and he says the decision could take
two years So this is not what we want the
citizens of Cambridge to have to do to get
relief
And so back to grandfathering Granted
if youre replacing light thats fine Its
not grandfathered And the key is the
burden And its its the same Its
basically the same to put up a good light as
a bad light Bulb replacement you know I
dont know sometimes to replace a bulb is
you know in this day and time its just as
hard -- easy to replace the whole fixture if
you have to go up high and bring up a crane
and all that stuff
So but my thesis and we dont know
whether this will work but this was the
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attempt and this was why I defined an
entirely different than the way Jeff defined
it is the light requires predicate acts
You have to switch it on You have to pay
the bill You have to change the bulb
Those are conscious acts that you do
otherwise the light wouldnt be doing bad
things And lastly you know if we actually
go and memorialize that all existing lights
are grandfathered theres a bunch of lights
out there that could have been enforced
They are in violation The trouble were
missing is the explicit definitions and we
could have gone through the appeal process
through the BZA or to Superior Court and we
could have got some resolution So there
still is another path to getting resolution
But going back to the previous slide it
isnt really something you want neighbors to
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be doing
So this is this is a commentary from
Bobrowski who wrote the handbook on land use
And hes talking about the restrictions on
the site the external restrictions And
hes talking about how theres no reported
(inaudible) decisions on the grandfather
section So but hope springs the term But
at this end this was never meant to be such a
process It was supposed to be a quick fix
get in and get out and then hopefully a real
lighting ordinance would happen but I cant
do the real lighting ordinance
So the building -- we sat down with
Councillor van Beuzekom and I sat down with
the Building Commissioner and he says he can
enforce the Teague Petition When they go
and they basically do light enforcement by
asking nicely And the next thing is so you
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cant see the bulb They have people adjust
the lights so you cant see the bulb which
is basically what I wrote I memorialized
And he didnt really know how many Zoning
violations but its a small number And he
asked CDD to consult the Law Department on
the whole grandfathering thing So thats
supposed to be in process But not with my
not with my legal theory
But anyways on -- he looked at CDD
petition He had a series of -- to my --
because Im the neighborhood enforcer
because people come to me I go down to the
Building Department and so I sort of know how
they work And so I went down with Ranjit
He goes well thats nice but we dont have
staff at night So he didnt like the
illumination definition He goes we dont
staff at night We dont have instruments
117
We dont know how to use them
On pulling a Building Permit he would
say well wed actually have to go down there
and look to see if there were actual bad
lights where now people bring in plans
Which you could require a plan for I dont
know you know putting on your dog house or
something but I dont know when external
plans are required But then he went on in
his very practical concern its a lot of --
on the change of use its not going to get
triggered very often because so often he says
they dont need a Building Permit to change
the use So on the aging out of fixtures
he goes he says theres no way we can know
when that fixture was last gone He didnt
like those ones where this where its
referring to the bulb And then there was a
section which said on the certificate of
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occupancy you would actually have to get
plans And he goes well often times a
homeowner comes down hes going to sell his
house or getting a new insurance policy and
theyll want to give them a Certificate of
Occupancy and this is an onerous expense for
so many So -- and then they have an
existing process So what happens is they
get a complaint in they run over there they
look at the thing and they come back and
they make it and they make their decision
And they send out their letters And either
theyre gonna decide to enforce or not
enforce Either person can appeal within 30
days After 30 days its final his decision
is final The Zoning Ordinance Section 1021
says its a $50 fee Their sheet says $100
Ill have to speak to him about that But I
spoke today its six weeks to get a hearing
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And we have an experienced guy And Ive
seen you guys spend hours and hours resolving
neighborhood -- you send them in the back
room and they come back out Its even at
one in the morning you guys are working this
stuff out Ive seen them do it for a
garbage shed whether the garbage shed could
have a roof on it or not
Now Ranjit didnt like 722A because
only the BZA could issue a Variance So so
then the Kelly Beady guy came in with some
foot candle things just a whole bunch of
details But thats really thats really
Im under my ten minutes right All set
So my final thing is what I would
suggest I would suggest -- well I suggest
the correct answer is the municipal lighting
and we all know that And thats the way it
should be done So I suggest that As for
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this I think this is a major change Its a
change in how its basic fundamental premise
of how its defined and it has these
implications in enforcement because it
requires because now it requires
instrumentation and people at night and
implications in terms of grandfathering
Grandfathering I dont know maybe weve
got 10 percent or 20 percent shot but under
the other way of defining it its zero It
absolutely nails down every existing light
So I would suggest that that petition -- the
other version is so different I dont think
its -- and were at the end of the process
I dont think it should be substituted If
you guys decide to submit it as a Planning
Board petition that would be okay but I
would not I would not I think theyre just
too fundamentally different creatures
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Thank you
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I find this very interesting because
the -- I know I have problems with the
petition as written and even though Jeffs
efforts were very valiant in trying to
incorporate some of our concerns in it I
think Mr Teague has just shown that new
position still has a lot of problems
associated with it So I think unless we
have a process that comes up with something
that is been thought through and worked out
I think I really have a problem with the
petition as it was (Inaudible)
HUGH RUSSELL That last sentence
confused me I didnt hear it I guess Did
you say that you had a problem with the
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Teague petition or you didnt have a problem
with it
WILLIAM TIBBS I have a problem
with the Teague petition as written and
Jeffs attempts to write different language
which would help solve some of the problems
we all discussed But I think Mr Teague is
just saying that he doesnt feel that the --
he feels that those changes -- actually
changes it enough so that its a very
different thing And even his presentation
shows some of the complexities particularly
as you talk to other city officials with the
CDD version of his petition So its
problematic and I think to me its just very
very clear that its an issue that I think we
all feel its something we should try to
tackle but we should just tackle in a
different way whether its a Planning Board
123
petition Council petition or something And
I know the concern that we had earlier was
that you know these things just take a
long long time and was it something that we
could quickly pass and then work on later
But Im not comfortable with that approach
For me I -- Ill let the other board members
speak for themselves
HUGH RUSSELL Im with you on
the -- I would not want to recommend the
Teague petition to the Council And I would
not do any action want -- I wouldnt want to
just avoid the question because then the
Council might feel that if were not
responding to it we wouldnt respond So my
preference is to ask the staff to tweak the
language based on what theyve heard tonight
and forward the revised language to the
Council and to -- with a discussion that says
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that this is the best we can do in the time
available Its a very complicated issue
and that they should you know and then
theyll have to decide do they want to put
something in place now Do they want to
postpone it Do they want to engage in a
process of writing a Municipal Ordinance
And it seems to me those kinds of questions
are the questions that the Council you know
were offering advice as to what we think can
be done within the Zoning Ordinance and were
offering our comments that we were pretty
content with whats proposed but we
understand its not perfect Now --
WILLIAM TIBBS I think you need to
quantify we
HUGH RUSSELL Thats quite right
and Im not sure everybodys there
Also there are other people who would
125
like to speak and I think we ought to hear
them So maybe we should hold our comments
until that happens
So well agree to the three minute
standard for comments
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
TOM SIENIEWICZ Im sorry just one
point Did not Mr Teague say that he would
not support the altered drafting of this
piece of Zoning couldnt support it Was
that what he was indicating he was
withdrawing his petition I had that sense
I dont know
HUGH RUSSELL No I think what
hes saying is we submit our recommendation
to Council he was going to speak against
that recommendation and certainly thats his
right And Council has to decide make that
126
decision I mean -- were not proposing this
as a friendly amendment Were proposing
this as a recommendation from this Board
based on the language we have
CHARLES TEAGUE Just to clarify I
was actually hoping you would recommend the
Teague petition because the last time we were
here because --
HUGH RUSSELL Yes you made that
argument
CHARLES TEAGUE Right
HUGH RUSSELL I understand that
Thank you
So on our list the first person is
Kenneth Taylor of 2 Craigy Street
KENNETH TAYLOR Im Ken Taylor 2
Craigy Street Ive listened to what the
Planning Board has said before Ive heard
public complaints and public interest about
127
making changes I see Mr Teagues petition
I understand there are issues related to
that I see the Community Developments
response to your request to comment on that
and improve it My reaction as a layman is
that if you pass -- if you recommend the CD
proposal you risk memorializing
grandfathering the violation of the Zoning
Ordinance which was passed in 1962
Now one question that perhaps Jeff
could explain to me is in the State Code you
quoted Shall lawfully in existence any
condition lawfully in existence
Since 1962 there have been hundreds and
thousands of code violations that have never
been enforced Now does the fact that they
have not been enforced means -- mean that
theyre lawful And does that give them
legitimacy In the case of making Zoning
128
changes I know of a condition where an
existing house I was going to buy had a curb
cut for a driveway that was too close to an
intersection of a public street And it was
non-conforming and it was grandfathered until
you made a change And it was non-conforming
until the code was changed The codes never
been changed on this A six-story building
apartment house built in 1940 probably had
incandescent lights to begin with if any at
all And then in 1960 they added more
powerful incandescents In 1970 they added
sodium vapor In 2012 they added HID Now
probably every one of those except the
incandescent was in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance So my question to you is what
permits grandfathering among all these
violations that have existed for that many
years Is it because the City chose not to
129
enforce the law Thats a general question
Secondly Im confused about the
recommendation about 723 If I understood
it correctly Jeff you said that you can
delete the paragraph altogether because all
of the Zoning applies to all of the city So
if I understand that theres no special
provision for residential areas and so it
doesnt make any difference I dont
understand why theres this paragraph if
youre going to enforce this Zoning Ordinance
throughout the entire city If that isnt
the case I think you need to at least expand
the language If youre seriously trying to
cover these residential zones you need to
expand the language to cover the edges of
these zones which are impacted by other
districts adjacent to the buildings in other
districts should not be allowed to impact on
130
these residential zones
I think the final question it seems to
me which I believe is related and again I
havent talked to Mr Teague about this is
related to the issue of the whole basis for
the Zoning Ordinance If its based on the
light source rather than the fixture then
theres no reason why you can ask existing
owners either to conform with the new code or
to reduce the wattage in their fixture to the
extent possible to the minimum to bring it in
as close to conformance as possible And
that would mean that a 400-watt HID bulb
could be a 100-watt HID bulb And that would
significantly reduce the problem without
causing an owner to replace the fixture
PAMELA WINTERS Sir your time is
up
KENNETH TAYLOR Excuse me
131
PAMELA WINTERS Your time is up
KENNETH TAYLOR Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Theres some
provocative questions there but I think well
just get through some of the comments and
then go there
Second person was Jo M Solet
JO M SOLET Thank you for your
attention Jo M Solet 15 Berkeley Street
I would like to first of all second
what you heard from Mr Taylor I think we
do not want to confer legitimacy on lights
existing lights that are now in violation
And if you doubt that they are there I can
tell you the light about which I spoke to you
at our last meeting I did have the city come
and look at it They told me it was in
violation and they actually and Mr Sean
OGrady told me when I had found all the
132
lights in violation in my neighborhood I
could call him back And I have that in
writing by e-mail So I didnt feel it was
my job to do that but if it will help
Mr Taylor who doesnt live that far away
from me and I will -- well find the
violations and make sure that theyre not
grandfathered for you
I do think there is a backlog of
unconcern about this problem Im also
surprised about the what I see as a hardship
concern about the violators It seems to me
that changing a bulb or adding a hood to an
existing light is not that serious a
hardship And if we discover that there are
folks who have a hardship then maybe we
should be charging for violations and using
the money to help those who have a hardship
come into compliance It could be done
133
Because our concern includes health and
safety the grandfathering piece is really a
serious one because it would leave in place
the things that are currently affecting
health and safety and I want to offer a nod
to Mr Russell and to Mr Sieniewicz for
raising the night sky issue and add that in
talking about this city lighting issues with
the Circadian rhythm experts and the sleep
division at Harvard Medical School
Another issue that was raised was that
of wildlife If you doubt that wildlife is
at issue here imagine when you are taking a
neighborhood and basically giving up night
Youre making it light all the time In our
neighborhood on Berkeley Street within the
passed couple of weeks sighted have been a
grey fox turkeys deer raccoons raccoons
during the day by the way because its day
134
all the time and maybe they dont know when
they should be sleeping rabbits moles and
opossums So theyre confused about when
its night and day and thats not good for
us People are confused about it too
Thanks for your time
STEVEN COHEN Mr Chair Im sorry
if I might interrupt for just a moment Both
of the first two speakers made reference to
lighting being in violation And if there is
some sort of a regulation of existing
lighting thats something that Im unaware
of that I havent heard come out
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
So Jeff is it correct that paragraph
723 is part of the Ordinance now
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
Mr Chair and excuse me for not reviewing
my -- my sort of shorthand of Zoning changes
135
So all of the underlying portions are the
changes to the Ordinance page -- on page 3
the portion under 723 line item 723 is not
there but that paragraph underneath it
constitutes the entirety of current Section
720 of the Zoning Ordinance So that is
currently in the Ordinance The petition
proposed to leave it in the Ordinance and --
HUGH RUSSELL And how long has it
been in the Ordinance
JEFF ROBERTS I do not know the
answer to that question
HUGH RUSSELL A long time right
JEFF ROBERTS Its been for
sometime And any -- it was not during the
ten years that Ive been here So the -- so
any lighting that was established since that
time thats found to be in violation and I
think this -- I wont sidetrack But any
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lighting thats known to be in violation or
found to be in violation of that Ordinance
since that time will -- its considered
illegally non-conforming Its not -- it
doesnt have a legal conforming status just
because it was ignored And therefore it --
this the proposed -- whether the under the
proposed text or the modified text the new
Zoning would not confer any special -- new
special status towards lighting that was in
violation at the time that it was installed
HUGH RUSSELL Okay So what were
saying is that outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 Districts since
this was put in the Ordinance which I
believe is quite was probably decades ago
is -- do you know exactly
KENNETH TAYLOR Yes the historian
for Community Development informed my wife
137
that there have been no changes in the
lighting ordinance since it was originally
written So that goes back to the original
text of the Ordinance
H THEODORE COHEN When was that
HUGH RUSSELL I do not believe this
paragraph goes back to 1924
KENNETH TAYLOR No no 1962
HUGH RUSSELL 62 So thats the
date
KENNETH TAYLOR Thats when the
Ordinance was written
HUGH RUSSELL The Ordinance was
written in 1920 --
KENNETH TAYLOR Its a 50-year-old
Ordinance It hasnt been changed since
HUGH RUSSELL Sir the Ordinance
was written in 1924 There were major
revisions in 1943 and 1962 And then since
138
1970 the Ordinance has perhaps quadrupled in
size to the establishment of special
districts The question is when did this
paragraph show up And I believe the answer
that youre trying to tell me 1962 So that
says -- so if you will allow me to finish my
thought here that says that in those
districts that are enumerated a light that
shines a direct light on an adjacent
property is not grandfathered
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
HUGH RUSSELL Now that doesnt
help the people in Residence C-2 Districts
and I believe some of the testimony before us
were people who are in those districts But
so that -- so by this little discussion weve
learned that in you know a substantial
portion of the city someone should be able to
go down today and get enforcement And so
139
therefore it probably is a reason to -- you
may want to make that clearer in the
Ordinance that this standard as we talk
about enforcement and grandfathering that
this was the standard Anything thats in
conformance doesnt have legal non-conforming
status That would I believe that helps
Now Id like to continue with the
hearing and Marjorie Williams of Green Street
do you wish to speak Or is it Marjorie
Wellens (phonetic)
MARILYN WELLENS You mean Marilyn
Wellens
HUGH RUSSELL Do you live at 651
Green Street
MARILYN WELLENS I do
HUGH RUSSELL Im sorry I couldnt
read your writing but I certainly know you
MARILYN WELLENS Yes So my name
140
is Marilyn Wellens and I live at 651 Green
Street We abut a Business B-1 District on
Massachusetts Avenue The building at 1030
Massachusetts Avenue was recently con --
within the last year and a half two years
was converted from office to lab use And
the Zoning Ordinance considers these
equivalent uses I can assure you that they
are not neither for lighting nor for noise
nor for height The reason Im here is that
weve had quite a lesson in this in modern
technology and the way that Cambridge is
going over the last two years So that I
have Im afraid scattered notes in response
to some of the Boards comments and I
havent put them in any particular order so
if you will indulge me I will just sort of
speak out
I would say that the matter is urgent
141
that Mr Teague has brought to the Board and
the Council and the Citys attention The
strain of trying to have quiet enjoyment of
ones property is very difficult And I
would suspect that the places where it is
possible are rapidly diminishing And only
the very very choicest residential districts
of the city will be immune and maybe they --
even they wont if the development thats
planned and on the Boards continuance So
Im concerned about the assumption that there
will be all these frivolous complaints What
weve just heard recently is that the Zoning
Ordinance lacks enforcement ability either
through the technical expertise of staff who
are required or asked to enforce it or they
lack the training they lack the money they
lack the expertise they lack the equipment
So that this -- remedying this is not simply
142
a matter of law its a matter of budget and
its a matter of will and committing to
taking care of the health and safety of the
population of Cambridge And that I
understand is the primary impulse and
justification for the Zoning Ordinance Now
thats why were here and thats why youre
dealing with this And as Doctor Solet has
told you repeatedly that light as well as
noise have major major health consequences
And this is another example of what has been
called the privatization of profit and the
socialization of the costs So that you have
the developers and the users maximizing
lowering their own costs by failing
adequately to protect public health and the
rest of us suffer and its a longer term
problem but if youre concerned about the
educational level of the students in
143
Cambridge I suspect that you will pay close
attention to both light and noise and how
they affect people
And so I was bit concerned with the
assumption that you might have lacks -- and
this may have been my missed hearing that it
might be possible to have laxer standards for
persons living in denser zones or in
commercial zones because I dont see any
reason why anyone living in any of those
zones would be less harmed by the noxious
effect of light than people living in an A
Zone
PAMELA WINTERS If you could wind
down your comments please your time is up
MARILYN WELLENS All right And
so I would again encourage you to act on
this and I would ask that the city develop
the capacity to enforce and develop the will
144
to enforce and I ask the Board to participate
in that
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Thank you
Does anyone else wish to be heard
ROBERT WINTERS Hi my name is
Robert Winters I hadnt planned to come
here I do live in a BA-1 Zone I probably
could claim I have five multiple violations
right now on either side of me but I have no
skin in this game I have no desire to file
complaints or anything but something I was
thinking before -- Hugh Russell actually took
the words right out of my mouth And heres
my thoughts that I heard earlier and just to
say them right now I wonder why must this
matter be a part of the Zoning Ordinance at
all It strikes me that all of the
shortcomings and misgivings and like what
145
about grandfathering this or that could all
be resolved if simply this was made part of a
municipal comprehensive municipal light
ordinance that had nothing to do with Zoning
whatsoever
When I have as I have complaints
about neighbors with rodent infestation you
know you call the rodent people If theres
a problem with improper disposal of rubbish
you call Inspectional Services and Public
Works Nobody worries about whether the
rubbish cans were grandfathered in from an
earlier era when they carried ashes out to
the street You know these are living
documents they can be changed to meet with
the times It seems thats the right way to
go Just generally speaking I think we
burden the Zoning Ordinance with far too
much It shouldnt even have quadrupled in
146
size There are so many things We depend
far too much on the Zoning Ordinance to solve
too many problems I believe shortly well
be getting some recommendations coming as
part of an another Zoning Petition where
theyre going to try to tell us from where we
must buy our electricity for example Why
not go and tell what color shirts our
children should wear or whether they should
speak multiple languages and have that be
part of the Zoning Ordinance So my remedy
is simply this Why not simply recommend to
the City Council that they sever this entire
section out of the Zoning Ordinance and
re-craft it as part of the municipal
ordinance on a comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance period and just take this
completely out There should be no need for
Community Development Department weighing in
147
on lighting standards any more than they
should be weighing in on whether the rats or
the garbage cans are properly laid out
outside So I would put the challenge to the
City Councillors and have the Planning Board
come straight out and say that Since were
throwing this ball into your court make this
the best damn municipal lighting ordinance
you can possibly draft and lets take it
right out of Zoning entirely
HUGH RUSSELL Mr John
JOHN HAWKINSON John Hawkinson 84
Mass Ave I just wanted to make explicit I
think an implicit request I heard in
Charlies presentation and that was to the
extent that you request Community Development
do further work on this That you request
that they caucus with Commissioner
Singanayagam and make sure that their
148
recommendations are consistent with his
understanding of enforceability or if not
that theres text explaining how not or why
not
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Does anyone else wish
to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Im just going to
comment on a previous comment and one --
there were several farther back which is if
we are stuck with what the Commissioner of
Buildings thinks he can do with present
staff and the present work rules that may not
be sufficient to protect the population And
so its important to know -- to get Ranjits
take on it because hes you know hes a
very dedicated public servant but at the
same time you know do you have to go beyond
149
that Maybe thats the point
So now we get to the point of trying to
see if we can -- do we have a consensus on
what we would recommend to the Council or do
we have -- I have a feeling were not quite
at a consensus and I dont think were going
to get there But Id be happy to get some
advice from my colleagues
H THEODORE COHEN Im happy to
start I think -- well I think as I
expressed at the last hearing that the
Teague Petition is fundamentally flawed and
overbroad And I had a lot of concerns about
it particularly about you know how you
determine whether theres a violation and
what one does to enforce it And a
grandfathering is a very significant issue in
Zoning I have a litigated cases about it
Ive litigated cases about light and how they
150
fall under Zoning and I could not personally
recommend the Teague Petition as originally
drafted I think that what staff has done
addressed a lot of my concerns and I still
think its overbroad in a lot of areas I
still think that it does not address the
issue fully and certainly doesnt address
the grandfathering issue which I dont think
Zoning can If the rest of the Board felt
comfortable with the Teague with the
revision by CDD I think I could go along
with a recommendation to the City Council
that this was in some sense a stopgap measure
that still had a lot of questions and still
needed to be worked upon and that City
Council ought to hire an expert and probably
the best thing was to have either just a
municipal ordinance or a municipal ordinance
and some waiting reference into the Zoning
151
Ordinance But I do think that this is an
issue you know that needs more thought by
people who are really expert in the field to
determine exactly what will address future
issues and probably more importantly what
can address existing issues that we want to
address and how it does not unreasonably
impact upon the small property owners the
small home owners who are -- Im worried are
all going to be in non-conformance under
this and also what is the best way to
enforce things And you know obviously the
Building Department you know has a limited
budget And you know its going to be up
to the City Council and the City Manager to
decide you know what is the really
important issues that the city is facing and
what they are going to budget for And if
they feel that dealing with this light issue
152
is a primary concern then they may have to
hire more people to deal with enforcement
If they think its less of an important
concern then you know other building
issues then they will appropriately staff
things And so thats where I come out on
this that I personally could not support
recommending the Teague Petition as
originally presented to the City Council with
a lot of reservations I could go along with
a recommendation of what CDD has revised and
subject to further revisions in accordance
with our discussion tonight
AHMED NUR Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Ill be really fast I
do concur everything that Ted just said I
am not also in favor of the proposal and in
favor of recommending to City Council It
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really needs careful study with experts
When it comes to lighting noise music I
have two daughters that share one room and
the two of them are the opposites One wants
the light off one wants the light on One
wants the music down and so it -- its not
something simple that we can just sit here
and say yay or nay on this
PAMELA WINTERS I agree with my
colleagues I really dont feel comfortable
about voting for the Teague Petition as
drafted I really agree particularly with
what Ted had to say and also Robert Winters
I thought made -- and we are not related I
just want to throw that in
WILLIAM TIBBS I was going to ask
that question
PAMELA WINTERS No we are not
related but I do -- I liked your suggestion
154
of making -- turning this into a municipal
ordinance similar to sound or you know
whatever rather than a Zoning Ordinance And
I think thats about all I had to say So
that was quick
Go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Generally I concur
with all that was said I have two
observations First of all something that
Charlie said really struck me during his
presentation and that is that he conceived
of this as a quick fix As a stopgap in
measuring -- acknowledging that this isnt
really the ideal way to address the problem
That the right way to address it is for the
city to hire an appropriate expert personnel
and to you know put some time and real work
into this and come up with an appropriate
well engineered municipal ordinance Well I
155
guess we all agree that thats the right way
to go The notion of using the Zoning Code
as a quick fix as a stopgap measure sort of
procedurally doesnt seem like the right way
to use Zoning And once adopted it takes on
a life of its own and what if it ends up
being in conflict with what the experts come
up with later It doesnt seem like the
right approach I agree that the approach --
I agree with what has been said by
Mr Winters and the other members here The
way to go is to call upon the City Council to
address this head on in the appropriate and
expert way
My second observation though is Im
blown away to discover that theres already a
provision in the Code which in essence hasnt
been enforced So gosh we can write all
sorts of Zoning Ordinances here Whats the
156
difference what we write if the existing
regulations arent being enforced You know
so it seems to me before we start reinventing
the wheel and making the wheel even fancier
than it already is lets figure out how to
enforce the existing regulation And
actually as written as I look at it it
aint bad It doesnt have all the technical
requirements and references to foot candles
and luminance and so forth but the
principles that it espouse is right on And
frankly if I were to recommend anything as a
short-term stopgap measure well maybe just
make that same provision applicable to other
Zoning Districts as well Boy thats a real
quick fix You know the recommendation
would you know encompass maybe one or two
sentences and you know then you know
lets focus on enforcement and that would be
157
sufficient to hold the fort for a while the
City Council you know addresses this matter
in a more appropriate and professional
manner
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I would
like to agree wholeheartedly with what Steve
just said As much as I -- it really pains
me to think of going into a multi-year or
even multi-month study on this I do think
its the right thing to do I think that
this needs to be done through general
municipal ordinance and that requires time
And I do think that we need to use the tools
that are at our disposal to give some
immediate relief And I would really want to
stress that in the City Council that if that
means appropriating additional funds for
Inspectional Services or whatever it means
that there needs to be some recourse for
158
people to get some relief now while the study
is going on And that you know its the
fact that we havent been able to enforce it
previously does not excuse continuing to do
so while we study a way to do it later
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say I
disagree with -- I agree with what you both
have said
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think what were
discovering in Zoning is a pretty blunt
instrument and these are some pretty fine
issues that are -- that were trying to
figure out how we can control But
nonetheless in my experience almost 20 years
now working pretty intensely with this Code
there are ways in which government works
pretty well the Zoning Board and the Planning
Board I might add and the Zoning Code to
some degree helps to a large degree helps
159
with the way that this community runs And I
really appreciate Steve pointing out the fact
that the Code already has an Ordinance in
there
That not withstanding I believe the
rightful place for at least some components
of this lighting control is within the Zoning
Code Its a physical environments It
relates to the building and it relates to
building science And so youre right the
modified petition is not perfect We have
more suggestions tonight about how to make it
a little better I think it adds adds meat
to the Zoning Code which can be enforced both
with the Building Department and through the
other mechanisms that I referenced here And
so Im generally in favor of sending it up to
the City Council with the recommendations
that came with the first speaker to consider
160
the municipal ordinance to have enforcement
to deal with the issue of grandfathering and
hire an expert to get the actual metrics of
drafting correctly
HUGH RUSSELL So often at this
time we turn to the Stuart and Brian and Jeff
and say okay you got it
JEFF ROBERTS This is one where I
may want to go over some of what was said and
see if thats what is -- what the way things
are intended to go
So is it the -- maybe this is a
question I shouldnt be asking but is it the
Boards consensus -- it seems pretty clear
that the recommendation should include the
recommendation to initiate a process of
developing a more comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance as part of the municipal
code engaging the help of an experienced
161
professional to develop something that has
to help advise on the technical details So
thats that is certainly something that
would be included
In terms of the recommendation on the
Zoning Petition the Board would recommend
the Zoning language the modified Zoning
language that was proposed I know that I
think in the last set of comments there were
maybe different views on what exactly would
be -- would exactly would or should be
included in the text the Zoning text
modifications that are recommended to the
Board Whether it be the fuller set of
changes that was that was sent to the Board
or whether it be a smaller set of changes
only affecting the existing Zoning existing
paragraph of Zoning text
HUGH RUSSELL So I would -- what I
162
heard from my colleagues is that that
Council can consider three different
strategies for an interim regulation that
would be in place to try to help out the way
things are
One is the Teague Petition which we do
not support
The second is the language that youve
drafted and with some modifications based on
our discussion tonight And theres no real
enthusiasm for that because we feel that
primary recommendation of getting municipal
ordinance is the right ultimate solution
If the Council felt they wanted to act
now we would feel -- most of us that
enacting the language was a temporary measure
that might be effective in some cases and
probably wouldnt cause great harm
The third suggestion came from my
163
colleague Mr Cohen which was a very simple
thing to take the 720 regulation and make
it apply citywide as a temporary measure I
think the problem that Council would have to
address in taking that stance is its not
being -- its not being enforced now Is it
not being enforced because it is
unenforceable or is it for some other reason
And that could be a discussion that could be
held between the City Manager and his various
departments and staff about you know if
they were to say well rely on this as a
temporary measure how can we get better
enforcement as to what this actually says
particularly if it were extended to be
citywide
So thats kind of what I heard and I
elaborated a little bit on Steves proposal
In some ways I like Steves proposal the
164
best
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes I do too
JEFF ROBERTS If I could
Mr Chair I mean I think this is a
discussion that maybe came up if you all
remember way back in the original Teague
Petition when the discussion really was
around what is this what is the issue with
the existing Zoning language and what does it
do and what does it not do And we found
that there really were some limitations in
the text and I think that Mr Teague had
really started this process by pointing out
what some of those limitations are
One being that the district only
applies in certain districts which through
enforcement has been taken to -- or at least
cause confusion when theres two adjoining
districts where a business district or a
165
higher density residential district abuts a
lower density residential district and its
not clear what that language is meant to
mean And that could be at the most minor
basic level that could be clarified to say
that any to make sure that its clear that
the effect on any residential property in
those districts is something that should be
enforced for or should be where the Zoning
should be applied and should be -- and
anything should be -- anything that affects
those properties should be reviewed in
compliance Or another step up would be to
as was suggested maybe make it just a
citywide provision which may have certain
impacts on commercial districts and
commercial properties that might not be in
the same level of conformance
HUGH RUSSELL Might be citywide to
166
falling on citywide residential property
H THEODORE COHEN I Jeff the
point you just raised is a concern I have
and you know it may be its a good idea to
amend 723 to make it citywide But Im
wondering if its in the scope of what the
Teague Petition was and what was advertised
because it certainly you know it may be
that it applies to so many other people in
commercial and industrial districts who may
not have come to our hearing or to you know
the Ordinance Committee because they were not
concerned about what they saw as applying
only in residential districts So you know
I think thats something that staff and maybe
the City Solicitors office would have to
review to see whether making such a change
would be within the scope of the petition
And if not then maybe you know we ought to
167
bring -- come back with a very short you
know Planning Board amendment to do that
you know publish it and notify it and let
the citywide have an opportunity to comment
on it And you know coming out of that
maybe what you suggested is that its not
citywide then only you know the impact on
any residential district or any residential
property
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I just want to be very clear that I am
not comfortable with the CDC language as a
stopgap So I just want to make that very
clear
STEVEN COHEN Im just wondering if
a consensus of any sort is reached on the
Board maybe the way to go on this is to
actually start from scratch You know work
on some sort of modification of the existing
168
Section the 723 re-advertise it to make
sure that theres no issues there and ask
the CDD to propose a modification of that
paragraph only this time its an actual
proposal on your part And eventually
perhaps get to the point where its the
Planning Board proposing a Zoning
modification to the City Council which you
know might carry some some extra weight
with the understanding that it is still
something of a stopgap Because maybe that
the appropriate procedure is still to hire
experts and not making our own guesses about
technical matters but you know actually
doing an appropriate study But again I
think the language there is pretty good
And you know with some study on your part
Jeff I think maybe we could arrive someplace
that you know you serve as a pretty good
169
stopgap you know pending adoption of a
full-fledged municipal ordinance
HUGH RUSSELL Speaking against that
notion I would hope that in the 13 days
between now and the City Council midsummer
meeting a cliff notes version of that could
be accomplished I think the Teague Petition
intention was to be effective citywide and
so I think you can probably address Teds
concern of -- because it -- whats under
consideration is a citywide effect Its a
technical legal question and has to be
addressed by the Solicitor but I think
theres some hope that could actually -- and
I think the Council would like to put
something on the books now and rather than
something that we know is going to be interim
or informal So I you know its like I
think part of our difficulty is going to be
170
municipal calendar because as far as I know
-- maybe I can ask Councillor van Beuzekom
are any of the committees of the Council
going to be meeting between now and the
midsummer meeting
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM There
could be a special meeting but theres
nothing planned right now
HUGH RUSSELL Right Okay
So its within the possibility that
this could be advanced somewhere on the
Council level We dont have to come up with
the answer that they can adopt Thats
helpful
STEVEN COHEN The procedure aside
for a moment what about the notion of asking
CDD based on the discussions weve had here
asking CDD to propose a modification of that
provision
171
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I think thats
a productive thing to do
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Say that
again
HUGH RUSSELL And the question is
should we then not forward the language that
Jeff has proposed to us I mean in some
sense its out there in the blogosphere but
if our judgment is that we want a temporary
expedient we want it to be simple then
maybe we should just say draft up the simple
cliff notes version that alters that
paragraph in ways that give it the most --
make it the most effective paragraph that we
can
STEVEN COHEN And I think on a
parallel path not within our power that the
City Council might well call upon the City
Manager to report on the question of
172
enforcement of the existing provision So
you know we understand what the limitations
of enforcement are here And if there are
limitations and there may very well be then
we have to deal with that kind of reality
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I mean I think
there must be limitations because you know
its not city policy to ignore complaints and
not the citizens But they havent been able
to do it So theres something there
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS So I could just make
a suggestion or maybe its more of an offer
that we could within the recommendations --
so as long as the Board has reached some
sense some consensus and some clarity as to
what the substance of what the proposed
change would be to the existing language
that can be drafted and submitted along with
173
the recommendation to the Council We can
also include the Board can include in the
recommendation that the Law Department the
City Solicitor be consulted as long as its
within the scope of the original petition
If its been -- we would confer with the Law
Department on that as well If its
determined that that is okay it could --
that could be moved forward on If not it
could be the Planning Board could opt to
submit that as its own petition to the
Council It would restart the hearing
process but it would it could immediately
be put into the queue And if filed before
if my (inaudible) calendar is correct if
filed pretty much at the beginning of the
fall could still be acted upon by the end of
the Council term
H THEODORE COHEN Can I ask a
174
question
Jeff do you know you know in recent
buildings and commercial and industrial
districts are there outdoor floodlights
JEFF ROBERTS There usually are
If theres a parking facility theres often
you know lighting Exactly what the form of
the lighting is not something that I look at
in great scrutiny in my day-to-day work but
anything with an outdoor parking facility
outdoor walkways equipment entrances well
have well have lighting I think that by
modern standards and you know Ive gone
around looking at different -- as weve been
talking about this as looking at different
buildings and properties around the city to
see what kind of lighting they have and using
the standard can you see the fixtures or can
you see the bulb and you know is anything
175
reflecting is there a -- I think that as you
advance from older structures to newer
structures you find that the lighting starts
to look more like what I think this proposal
intends it to look like But you still do
have those instances where an owner of an
existing building for one reason or another
wants to have better lighting on the parking
lot and they install the most expedient
fixture which is that thats offensive to
neighbors
H THEODORE COHEN Well Im
personally uncomfortable with just doing just
a quick fix and saying lets make 723
applicable citywide without our having heard
anything whatsoever from any commercial or
industrial property owners one way or the
other about that And you know were
trying to avoid grandfathering things but if
176
suddenly were grandfathering parking lots
all over Kendall Square and you know in
lots of other areas of the city maybe thats
the answer but Im uncomfortable doing it
without having a hearing on it thats going
to address that issue So I dont know that
I think that the quick fix to just say make
723 applicable throughout the city is
something that I would support
HUGH RUSSELL So Im looking at
what I believe is the Teague Petition Its
addressed to the honorable City Council and
it says Petition And so I -- looking at
that it seems to me there is language in it
that talks about off-street parking
facilities abutting or facing residential
premises shall not fall under the scope of
the Teague Petition and use his regulatory
language So thats already out there in the
177
proposal
The 723 --
H THEODORE COHEN But still that
language is still referring to only Residence
A B C and C-1 Districts
HUGH RUSSELL I dont believe so
I believe theres another section that refers
to -- so Im looking at this one which I
think is broader And that might be the
limit to which we can go under the Teague --
by implementing Teague
STEVEN COHEN Im sorry isnt the
Teague Petition citywide Am I missing
something
H THEODORE COHEN No because it
was only amended certain -- as I read it it
was only amended certain provisions of the
Zoning Ordinance and adding some additional
language
178
STEVEN COHEN So your read is that
the petition applies only to what
HUGH RUSSELL The parts of the
petition apply to A B C and C-1 Districts
as I read it
STEVEN COHEN Really
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
JEFF ROBERTS Well I believe and
Im looking at it right now and kind of
starting at the beginning and I hope we dont
have different versions of this but the
proposal is to insert -- the main proposal is
on a page which begins Amend the Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Cambridge by doing
the following Insert the following text
after Section 7230 elimination etcetera
And then down at the bottom of the page it
says 722 lighting restrictions for the
City of Cambridge No direct light shall be
179
allowed on any abutting property on any
property abutting an abutting property on
any property across the street from those
properties and on any properties within 300
feet of luminaire and on any street a
property shall explicitly include any
buildings on said property and prohibiting
any direct light from entering the window or
any other openings The luminaire intended
to light a street is allowed to light said
street
H THEODORE COHEN Right I agree
with that But then that does not change --
I mean that just says you cant have light
on abutting property Its you still have
the language in 723 which again talks about
you know no outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 So if were
going to say lets make 723 applicable
180
citywide--
JO M SOLET Can you use the mic
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
If youre saying we cant use 723
applicable citywide then suddenly youre
saying in any non-residential district you
cant have outdoor floodlighting which you
now indicated it probably does exist I
mean this is the problem with you know
trying to you know make a quick fix
amendment to Zoning at the you know the
eleventh hour and trying to come up with
something that we havent really previously
discussed that people havent testified on
one way or the other and maybe thats maybe
thats where we should end up Im just
very very uncomfortable doing it right now
and recommending to City Council that this is
what we think you should do as a quick fix
181
STEVEN COHEN But well Ted --
actually my reaction to what youre saying is
the most shocking part is that at this late
moment on the verge of taking a vote that
were actually not even clear whether the
Petition that weve been talking about for
these last two meetings apply citywide or
only to those residential districts
H THEODORE COHEN Well I think
some things proposed do apply citywide but
some provisions were not being -- did not
apply citywide were not being amended
HUGH RUSSELL I -- some of the
language wasnt being amended but the
structure of the Teague Petition is to say
is to focus on light being cast from fixtures
and it says you cant -- a light cant fall
on somebody elses property citywide
Now 723 talks about a device that
182
accomplishes that or fails to accomplish
that But I think in Teague and if you
will Roberts its still citywide And so
I you know some -- the fact that they --
theyre talking about a light falling on
somebody elses property whether -- I dont
think its any different whether it comes
from a floodlight or a wall pack or not
Its -- thats what was advertised Any
commercial property owner had an opportunity
to read this language and say gee I can no
longer throw light on somebody elses
property And as it happens nobody came and
said that was a problem
H THEODORE COHEN I dont disagree
with that but I dont know that just simply
saying if you make 723 citywide youre not
changing other things And that is why I
suggested --
183
HUGH RUSSELL This is an
architectlawyer discussion
H THEODORE COHEN Right Its an
architectlawyer discussion and I --
HUGH RUSSELL Im thinking an
architect weve got to be able to accomplish
the principle Here the lawyer is saying we
have to actually make the words right I
dont disagree with you
H THEODORE COHEN Correct
STEVEN COHEN And where I agree
with what Ted is saying and the reason I
would send it back to CDD is you know for
us to make a quick judgment here yeah I
said earlier hey all it takes is a sentence
or two Well thats easy for me to say I
would like staff to take a closer look at it
and then sort of work through the
ramifications and then you know whether
184
theyre unintended consequences and so forth
and then come back to us with some sort of a
recommendation But thats the drafting and
the professional who are planning the issue
Youre raising the legal issue of whether
certain interests have received adequate
notice under the law of a change that will
affect them And while I disagree with your
interpretation I think it does apply
citywide I also see that because of Section
723 its at very least ambiguous on what the
Ordinance discovers So Im respectful of
the concern that you raised And as we
talked about it amongst ourselves we werent
clear among ourselves whether this you know
Petition was applicable citywide or only to
these residential districts
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY
Mr Chair
185
STEVEN COHEN So if were not
clear I mean you know what does that say
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I think
that practical implication of both Ted and
Steves comments given that we wont be
meeting again until after the City Council
meeting is that if were going to see
another round of markups from CDD and have a
chance to discuss them then we are not
proposing a specific change to the Zoning
Ordinance for the summer meeting We are not
endorsing the Teague Petition and were
saying that there isnt a quick fix that can
be enacted this summer There may be a quick
fix that can be enacted before the end of
this Council and that we would continue to
try to do But that the long-term goal would
be a citywide lighting ordinance and any
quick fix we are going to propose is language
186
that we still need to work on and theyll be
seeing in the fall
HUGH RUSSELL So do people agree
with that It sounds pretty good to me
H THEODORE COHEN I do
HUGH RUSSELL The only caveat that
I would make is that Council might say hey
were going to ask the Law Department to do
that quick fix in the next two weeks
WILLIAM TIBBS Well thats their
issue
HUGH RUSSELL And if they can
accomplish that they might be able to
accomplish that We cannot
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL Thats the important
part
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL If were going to do
187
it we have to do what she said
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
HUGH RUSSELL So I think we almost
reached -- Ahmed
AHMED NUR We did We did
I also would add that maybe we should
change the language to -- from grandfathering
to grandmothering because lights lights are
actually controlled better laid in the house
Im only kidding
WILLIAM TIBBS Did you get the last
comment I think
JEFF ROBERTS Okay so to recap
the recommendation -- I wont go back over
what you said but the recommendation is what
was just stated regarding -- including the
municipal -- recommendation by the municipal
ordinance advising that you know that the
concerns with the Teague Petition as written
188
the complications with proposing a quick fix
at this point and to and so I guess the
question is is the Planning Board decision
then not to recommend any specific Zoning
text changes to the Council but rather to
suggest that the Planning Board continue to
work on that issue and submit text changes
for the fall term the fall session of the
Council
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
AHMED NUR That sounds good
HUGH RUSSELL I think that except I
would put the work as conditional If the
Council wants us to work on that well put
that on our agenda early in the fall because
they can because they may --
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY They
may preempt us
HUGH RUSSELL They may find a quick
189
fix They may enact Teague All of that is
within their power
Were saying what we can do and we
cant fix it now
STEVEN COHEN And for 50 years of
non-enforcement of the existing provisions I
dont think its the end of the world to wait
a few extra months to do this in a careful
thoughtful
JO M SOLET Can they enforce
whats in place now at least
H THEODORE COHEN Yes
JO M SOLET Do you recommend that
STEVEN COHEN Yes
HUGH RUSSELL We dont generally --
KENNETH TAYLOR Can you make a
recommendation
JO M SOLET Including your
recommendation that there is a law thats not
190
being enforced and while were rewriting it
we would at least like attention to that
HUGH RUSSELL I think we can --
might comment that the Board is unable to
understand why paragraph 720 does not
apparently -- is not able to be enforced
KENNETH TAYLOR Not being enforced
HUGH RUSSELL Thats a statement
which could provide some relief in some
cases it does not seem to be able to be
enforced in -- thats part of the reason we
cant act to fix it because we dont know
whats wrong with it
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Thats
right
STEVEN COHEN But Jo were not
going away
JO M SOLET Im not either I
dont want it to be immortal before I see
191
this
HUGH RUSSELL So I believe we are
now adjourned
JOHN HAWKINSON Councillor van
Beuzekom has her hand up
HUGH RUSSELL Oh Councillor
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM I have one
thing to clarify
HUGH RUSSELL Sure we would be
happy to hear it
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Because I
dont want to by myself to be the sole
conveyor of all the incredible back and forth
between all you guys and between the people
that came to speak So what I dont know is
how much of this draft memo is going to be
shared with the Council Because aside from
what you said this is not out in the
blogosphere People dont really know about
192
this But the -- I think what needs to be
conveyed to the Council is what you dont
like about the Teague Petition So we didnt
really hear that Its kind of in this memo
but you didnt really talk about it You
went straight to CDD making recommendations
that are not going to be forwarded to the
Council But Im hoping that there can be a
write-up in the memo that accompanies the
decision explaining exactly what about the
Teague Petition doesnt work Because it is
citywide and thats what the CDD proposed
There was an attempt to figure out how to
make it more enforceable and Ranjit thought
I can enforce it this way I cant really
enforce it because its too vague the way the
720 is currently written So I think that
would be really valuable to send that
information to the Council
193
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think Mr Chair
at the first hearing we discussed in detail
what specifically were the Boards objections
to the Teague Petition so theres a record
of that in the transcript
HUGH RUSSELL Right And also the
Roberts draft is actually a response to those
points So you can pull out of the draft
what what were the pieces that were being
fixed and why why we felt the need to be
fixed And we can --
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM So it
wont be --
HUGH RUSSELL It wont we wont
give you the Roberts draft but well tell
you whats wrong with Teague because we owe
you that one at least in our opinion
Okay now were adjourned
(Whereupon at 1030 pm the
194
Planning Board Adjourned)
195
ERRATA SHEET AND SIGNATURE INSTRUCTIONS
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been delivered to Community Development
Department
When the Errata Sheet has been
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be delivered to each party of record and the
ORIGINAL delivered to Community Development
Department to whom the original transcript
was delivered
INSTRUCTIONS
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REPLACE THIS PAGE OF THE TRANSCRIPT WITH THE
COMPLETED AND SIGNED ERRATA SHEET WHEN
RECEIVED
196
ATTACH TO PLANNING BOARD DATE 71613 REP CAZ
ERRATA SHEET
INSTRUCTIONS After reading the transcript of Planning Board note any change or correction to testimony and the reason therefor on this sheet DO NOT make any marks or notations on the transcript volume itself Sign and date this errata sheet (before a Notary Public if required) Refer to Page 194 of the transcript for Errata Sheet distribution instructions
PAGE LINE _______ ________ CHANGE _______________
REASON _______________ _______ ________ CHANGE _______________
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I have read the foregoing transcript of Planning Board and except for any corrections or changes noted above I hereby subscribe to the transcript as an accurate record of the statements made
______________________
197
C E R T I F I C A T E
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS BRISTOL SS
I Catherine Lawson Zelinski a Certified Shorthand Reporter the undersigned Notary Public certify that
I am not related to any of the parties in this matter by blood or marriage and that I am in no way interested in the outcome of this matter
I further certify that the testimony hereinbefore set forth is a true and accurate transcription of my stenographic notes to the best of my knowledge skill and ability
IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of September 2013
Catherine L Zelinski Notary Public Certified Shorthand Reporter License No 147703
My Commission Expires April 23 2015
THE FOREGOING CERTIFICATION OF THIS TRANSCRIPT DOES NOT APPLY TO ANY REPRODUCTION OF THE SAME BY ANY MEANS UNLESS UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL ANDOR DIRECTION OF THE CERTIFYING REPORTER
$
$100 [1] - 11817 $50 [1] - 11817
20 [2] - 1209 15814 2004 [1] - 137 2008 [1] - 1132 2012 [1] - 12813 2013 [4] - 13 912 1133 19711
2015 [1] - 19716 23 [2] - 1086 19716 25th [1] - 55 282 [1] - 119 285 [1] - 133 288 [1] - 56 29 [2] - 2319 251 29th [1] - 415
3
3 [3] - 5917 608 1352
30 [2] - 11814 11815
6390396 [1] - 118 651 [2] - 13914 1401
6th [1] - 716
7
7 [1] - 6510 715(B [1] - 218 720 [5] - 33 1356 1632 1905 19217
722 [8] - 32 721 728 7211 7311 748 10710 17818
722A [1] - 1199 723 [26] - 34 6218 7117 728 7216 7311 7410 8611 1066 1077
18613 1906 19010
absolutely [1] -12011
abut [1] - 1402 abuts [1] - 1651 abutter [4] - 95 4011 435 5011
abutters [8] - 7510 777 778 10318 10319
abutting [9] - 1215 1218 232 744 17616 1791 1792 17915
acceptable [2] - 405 898
access [7] - 1015 268 3317 365 3816 488 5013
accessing [1] - 413 accessory [4] - 1311
1876 added [7] - 1213 5814 725 1079 12811 12812 12813
adding [6] - 143 9419 952 958 13213 17718
addition [4] - 143 155 7118 9419
additional [4] - 729 7210 15717 17718
additions [1] - 5710 address [18] - 91 2313 4417 451 535 538 7810 1506 1507 1514 1516 1517 15414 15415 15513 1635 1699 1766
62 [1] - 1379
0
005 [1] - 6210 01 [2] - 6210 6619 02 [2] - 629 6618 035 [1] - 629 05 [3] - 6118 628 749
1 300 [3] - 1912 7510 10714 1293 1316 1515 1815 addressed [5] - 543
1 [1] - 572 1794 13416 1353 accommodate [1] - 861 1504 16913
10 [2] - 2612 1209 300-foot [1] - 778 1665 1681 9410 17612
1021 [1] - 11816 100-watt [1] - 13014 1030 [1] - 1403 1030 [1] - 19319 1100 [1] - 198 12-foot [1] - 146 13 [1] - 1694 147703 [1] - 19715 15 [2] - 1048 1319 15th [1] - 19711 16 [1] - 13
320 [1] - 1912 38 [1] - 515
4
4 [1] - 6316 40-A [2] - 696 7910 400-watt [1] - 13013 40A [2] - 548 1004 40A6 [1] - 9118
17514 1768 1772 17916 17919 1804 18119 18217 18411
7230 [1] - 17816 7242 [4] - 6415 754 768 832
71613 [1] - 1961 705 [1] - 14 720 [3] - 111 117
accompanies [1] -1929
accomplish [4] -1821 1836 18613 18614
accomplished [1] -1697
accomplishes [1] -1821
accordance [1] -15212
addresses [1] - 1572 adds [3] - 5510 15913
adequate [1] - 1846 adequately [1] -14216
adhere [1] - 697 adjacent [6] - 1717 708 781 783 12918 1389
adjoining [1] - 16418
186 [1] - 233 1800 [1] - 192 1855 [1] - 1045
5 118
8
according [1] - 1412 accurate [2] - 19617 1979
adjourned [2] - 1913 19318
Adjourned [1] - 1941
1869 [1] - 129 5000 [1] - 126 achieve [1] - 672 adjust [1] - 1161
1920 [1] - 13714 528 [1] - 194 8 [6] - 2316 2318 acknowledging [1] - adjustments [1] -
1922 [1] - 1214 5282 [2] - 28 29 557 947 975 15413 1054
1924 [2] - 1377 5822 [1] - 201 806 [1] - 15 Acorn [5] - 124 adjusts [1] - 668
13718 50 [1] - 1895 84 [1] - 14712 1218 131 2316 admit [1] - 6818
194 [1] - 1967 50-watt [1] - 873 850 [1] - 8411 2318 adopt [2] - 7112
1940 [1] - 1289 50-year-old [1] - act [4] - 4912 17013
1943 [1] - 13719 1960 [1] - 12811
13715 533 [4] - 27 119
9 14317 16214 19012
adopted [2] - 5414 1555
1962 [5] - 1279 1118 123 Act [1] - 719 adoption [1] - 1691
12714 1378 539 [1] - 1215 9 [1] - 642 acted [1] - 17317 Adoption [1] - 25
13719 1385 900 [1] - 8411 action [3] - 1013 advance [1] - 1752
1970 [2] - 12812 1381
6 A
5912 12312 active [1] - 808
advanced [1] - 17011 advertise [1] - 1681
1996 [1] - 135 activity [1] - 105 advertised [4] - 564 6 [5] - 2315 2318 548 573 658
6351 [1] - 29 641 [2] - 215 7713 646 [1] - 216 60-watt [1] - 849 6177867783617
abandon [1] - 5915 ability [3] - 783 14114 19710
able [13] - 268 4910 594 6410 7517 9217 13818 1583 1729 1836
acts [2] - 1143 1146 actual [5] - 1911 3616 1174 1603 1684
add [8] - 141 459 6112 638 656 1337 15818
8817 1667 1829 advertisement [1] -5319
advice [2] - 12410 1498
advise [1] - 1612 advised [1] - 466
2
2 [3] - 585 12615 12616
2-point [1] - 831
1
advising [1] - 18718 affect [3] - 977 1433 1848
affecting [2] - 1334 16117
affects [1] - 16511 afraid [2] - 1117 14014
agenda [4] - 48 52 5111 18815
aggrieved [5] - 6418 759 7710 787 10313
aging [1] - 11714 ago [3] - 682 10916 13616
agree [17] - 612 4110 456 8013 8015 8216 1254 1539 15312 1551 1559 15510 1576 1587 17912 18311 1863
agreed [1] - 7218 ahead [5] - 583 8012 8911 8916 1546
AHMED [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
ahmed [2] - 10110 15215
Ahmed [5] - 111 1917 4711 9017 1874
Aid [1] - 1088 aint [1] - 1568 air [5] - 309 316 417 425 453
al [1] - 213 alley [1] - 488 allow [9] - 1415 2513 3614 603 6615 9212 9711 1041 1386
allowed [10] - 1419 3613 504 506 6614 708 972 12919 1791 17910
allowing [1] - 356 allows [1] - 5511 almost [7] - 253 287 336 1059 10510 15814 1873
alter [1] - 8210 alteration [5] - 5418
9213 942 948 949
alterations [3] -5519 5612 925
altered [1] - 12510 altering [1] - 829 alters [1] - 17112 altogether [1] - 1295 ambiguity [2] - 7314 7415
ambiguous [1] -18411
ameliorates [1] - 768 amenable [1] - 4310 Amend [1] - 17813 amend [5] - 213 215 217 6310 1665
amended [4] - 17716 17717 18112 18114
amendment [5] -819 639 1262 1672 18011
Amesbury [1] - 1117 amount [5] - 153 4513 502 707 10812
amplified [1] - 287 analog [1] - 7112 analysis [1] - 917 AND [2] - 1951 19517
ANDOR [1] - 19719 Ann [1] - 2317 annoying [1] - 682 answer [7] - 6517 10112 11917 13512 1384 17013 1764
answers [1] - 6910 ANY [2] - 19718 19718
anyway [2] - 8719 8911
anyways [2] - 11210 11610
apartment [3] - 1412 10315 1289
Appeal [3] - 24 53 55
appeal [2] - 11414 11814
applicability [1] - 585 applicable [7] - 7114 15614 17515 1768 17919 1805 18416
applicant [1] - 212 application [4] - 185 4914 4918 5710
applied [2] - 9119 16510
applies [6] - 544 7212 1296 16416 1669 1782
apply [21] - 5411 5414 5518 5610 588 5913 624 627 632 635 637 702 7411 945 9613 1633 1784 1817 18110 18112 1849
APPLY [1] - 19718 applying [1] - 16613 appreciate [1] - 1592 approach [7] - 2415 7919 802 8315 1236 1559
appropriate [7] -6515 15416 15418 15513 1573 16812 16815
appropriately [2] -4118 1525
appropriating [1] -15717
approval [2] - 406 4715
april [1] - 19716 arbor [2] - 879 8711 architect [2] - 1116 1836
architectlawyer [2] -1832 1834
architects [1] -10811
architectural [2] -516 1032
Area [1] - 211 area [9] - 211 1818 1912 2812 291 345 438 914 1129
areas [5] - 412 876 1298 1505 1763
argument [1] - 12610 arm [1] - 1126 arrangement [2] - 92 4410
arrive [1] - 16818 arrived [1] - 117 Article [5] - 557 642 6510 947 975
article [3] - 88 913 975
articulated [2] - 775
7917 ashes [1] - 14513 Ashland [1] - 1095 aside [2] - 17015 19117
aspect [1] - 336 aspects [1] - 971 assigned [2] - 227 229
assist [1] - 1113 Assistant [2] - 113 23
Associate [1] - 111 associated [1] -12112
assume [1] - 444 assuming [1] - 4719 assumption [2] -14111 1435
assure [2] - 3912 1408
astutely [1] - 1108 ATTACH [1] - 1961 attach [1] - 453 attempt [2] - 1141 19213
attempts [1] - 1225 attend [1] - 121 attention [5] - 2715 1319 1412 1432 1902
attorneys [1] - 10810 Auburn [1] - 1127 AUDIENCE [2] -1613 673
audience [1] - 1112 August [2] - 58 716 available [3] - 3315 4518 1242
Ave [1] - 14713 avenue [1] - 1007 Avenue [10] - 15 27 119 1119 123 124 126 1216 1403 1404
avenues [1] - 6411 avoid [3] - 11210 12313 17519
aware [2] - 4414 6813
awful [1] - 681
8618 bad [5] - 393 11312 1147 1174 1568
ball [1] - 1477 Band [1] - 1088 Band-Aid [1] - 1088 bar [1] - 904 based [11] - 1116 506 5514 6016 6317 6718 12317 1264 1306 1629 17017
basement [1] - 93 basic [2] - 1202 1655
basis [2] - 996 1305 bat [1] - 538 bays [2] - 1212 148 Beady [1] - 11911 bear [1] - 9417 beautifully [1] - 1024 become [1] - 8112 becomes [1] - 813 bedrooms [1] - 243 begin [2] - 5111 12810
beginning [3] - 7717 17316 17810
begins [1] - 17813 begun [1] - 5412 behalf [1] - 122 behind [4] - 1219 2517 523 8618
benefit [1] - 3511 Bensley [4] - 212 1118 134 353
BENSLEY [2] - 3416 353
Bensleys [1] - 3515 Berkeley [2] - 1319 13316
best [7] - 386 1241 1478 15017 15111 1641 19710
better [11] - 1111 306 675 771 819 8315 9712 15913 16313 1758 1879
between [13] - 124 258 382 4314 6212 665 996 998 16310 1695 1704 19114
Beuzekom [3] -11515 1702 1915
BEUZEKOM [5] -1706 1713 1917
B
B-1 [1] - 1402 BA-1 [1] - 1448 background [1] -7419
backlog [1] - 1329 backyard [2] - 366
2
3 19111 19312 bottom [3] - 56 15915 724 7217 749 cemented [1] - 774
beyond [2] - 724 2218 17817 buildings [11] - 2217 8117 842 874 Center [1] - 15 14819 boundary [1] - 278 286 5518 5519 1026 11912 certain [8] - 5513
bicycle [2] - 155 boy [2] - 8911 839 9716 10211 candles [4] - 6118 976 9919 16416 156 15615 12918 1743 852 8518 1569 16515 17716
bidding [1] - 1711 break [2] - 283 4710 17416 1797 cannot [2] - 4018 17717 1846 big [1] - 10518 break-in [1] - 283 Buildings [1] - 14813 18614 certainly [12] - 2718 Bill [1] - 3310 BRIAN [1] - 5015 built [4] - 128 1213 cans [3] - 302 2719 3017 4416 bill [1] - 1145 Brian [3] - 113 23 1410 1289 14512 1473 471 5218 6618
bit [9] - 549 5712 1606 bulb [14] - 843 849 cantilever [1] - 221 12518 13918
5714 6711 8611 bricks [1] - 172 8419 11312 cantilevered [1] - 1507 1613 1668
9117 9418 1434 16318
briefly [2] - 5210 1083
11313 1145 1161 1162
3114 capacity [1] - 14319
certificate [1] -11719
black [2] - 2316 8619
bright [2] - 666 7615
11718 13013 13014 13213
CAPTURING [1] -118
Certificate [1] - 1185 CERTIFICATION [1] -
blend [1] - 10212 blinding [1] - 1027 block [3] - 4814 8715 8716
blogosphere [2] -1718 19119
brighter [1] - 664 brightest [1] - 666 brightness [1] - 8414 bring [16] - 1112 2619 722 921 934 953 969
17419 bulbs [1] - 873 bunch [2] - 11410 11912
bundled [2] - 1035 1036
care [2] - 421 1423 careful [3] - 762 1531 1898
carefully [3] - 7619 775 7915
carried [1] - 14513
19717 Certified [2] - 1974 19714
certify [2] - 1975 1978
CERTIFYING [1] -
blood [1] - 1976 9717 9816 994 burden [3] - 6110 carries [1] - 446 19719
blown [1] - 15516 blunt [1] - 15810
10316 1042 11316 1175
11310 14518 burns [1] - 9714
carry [1] - 1689 cars [1] - 10119
chair [14] - 162 2215 399 4019
Board [46] - 24 48 13011 1671 bus [2] - 158 159 case [13] - 56 57 4916 528 8914
52 54 513 814 BRISTOL [1] - 1973 business [6] - 112 119 2415 273 8918 1256 1347
91 919 118 broad [1] - 966 136 137 1312 4719 5517 634 13418 1644
4917 506 508 broader [1] - 1779 1411 16419 646 647 11219 18419 1931
5212 532 5314 6716 6918
broadly [1] - 545 Brookline [2] - 124
BUSINESS [1] - 22 Business [1] - 1402
12719 12913 Cases [1] - 24
Chair [4] - 17 18 474 476
10512 10514 133 button [1] - 6511 cases [7] - 53 55 challenge [1] - 1474
1061 12017 brother [1] - 3515 buttoning [1] - 727 512 14918 chance [2] - 649
12219 1263 12618 1411
brought [12] - 158 2914 3814 3819
buy [2] - 1282 1467 BY [1] - 19718
14919 16217 19010
1859 change [30] - 4612
1441 1475 1509 5119 5616 5713 by-law [1] - 5411 cast [1] - 18116 5413 5414 5417 15817 15818 1616 16114
6217 923 9513 961 1411
BZA [2] - 11415 11910
casting [2] - 8418 8419
565 5614 609 652 813 826
16115 1672 bucks [1] - 467 CATHERINE [11] - 8210 8214 932 16717 1687 17215 1732 17310 1883 1886 1904 1941 19512 1964 19616
BOARD [2] - 12 1961
board [3] - 7916 908 1237
Boards [9] - 2512 5216 5219 5810 612 14015 14110 16014 1933
boards [1] - 1111 Bobrowski [1] - 1153 books [1] - 16916 Boothe [1] - 116 borrow [1] - 4910 borrowed [2] - 5710 5711
bothersome [1] - 426
budget [4] - 11019 1421 15114 15118
build [2] - 173 10211
building [31] - 1211 167 179 2413 2813 2818 3116 3418 361 4013 4114 5613 5614 5615 827 942 943 9414 9716 988 989 9811 10313 10315 11514 1288 1403 1524 1599 15910 1757
Building [13] - 206 896 8910 9214 983 11112 11117 11516 11614 1172 11713 15113
C
C-1 [5] - 62 13614 1775 1784 17918
C-2 [3] - 638 13813 C1 [1] - 633 calendar [2] - 1701 17315
CAMBRIDGE [1] - 12 Cambridge [25] - 16 214 31 33 47 89 138 3711 4112 4516 556 6911 6913 7719 7816 1021 10319 1045 1046 1135 14012 1424 1431 17814 17819
candle [12] - 6118 6515 662 6610
71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
Catherine [4] - 111 44 1974 19713
caucus [1] - 14718 caught [1] - 1087 causing [1] - 13016 caveat [1] - 1866 CAZ [1] - 1962 CD [1] - 1276 CDC [1] - 16712 CDD [14] - 529 1101 1166 11610 12214 15011 15211 1683 17017 17018 18313 1858 1926 19212
CE [1] - 10416
9315 943 1014 1145 11711 11713 1201 1202 1286 16617 17218 17913 1847 18510 1877 1964
CHANGE [6] - 1969 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614
changed [4] - 1287 1288 13716 14515
changes [22] - 816 1711 332 579 7915 8016 921 924 10812 1229 12210 1271 1281 13419 1352 1371 16115 16116
1885 1887 17814 17819 1552 15517 8315 1026 651 8311 8813 19512 19617 18018 1856 15815 15818 comfortable [6] - 8817 10311
changing [7] - 755 Citys [3] - 592 1593 1598 7616 9616 1236 10316 1189 7511 8210 988 6518 1412 15914 15010 15310 complaints [1] -10516 13213 citywide [26] - 628 code [5] - 9914 16712 8312 18218 635 1633 16316 12715 1287 coming [2] - 1464 complaint-driven [2]
Chapter [2] - 548 16515 16519 1309 16019 1675 - 641 8813 696 1661 1665 1674 codes [1] - 1287 comment [16] - 4510 complaints [9] -
characterize [3] - 1677 1698 coffee [1] - 242 494 5810 6117 7611 834 1042 3710 726 981 16911 17515 Cohen [5] - 18 110 6217 6414 754 12619 14112
charging [1] - 13217 17713 1801 43 44 1631 7618 907 10210 14412 1456 CHARLES [4] - 1081 1805 1817 COHEN [59] - 76 87 1274 14810 1728
1085 1265 18110 18112 913 101 1018 1674 18712 complete [1] - 10718 12611 18118 1823 185 3217 459 1904 completed [1] - 1956
Charles [3] - 213 18217 18410 5016 712 7214 commentary [1] - COMPLETED [1] -1086 11116 18416 18518 739 7315 7318 1152 19517
Charlie [1] - 15410 19212 7417 8717 885 commented [1] - completely [2] - 375 Charlies [1] - 14715 Citywide [1] - 15 8912 9019 9219 8114 14618 children [1] - 1469 claim [1] - 1449 938 9313 9417 comments [18] - complexities [1] -
choice [1] - 4219 clarification [3] - 957 9512 963 5115 5216 5219 12212
choicest [1] - 1417 387 3812 3815 9818 1017 1065 882 9018 10014 complexity [1] - 887
chop [1] - 485 clarified [2] - 866 1347 1375 1499 10016 10310 compliance [8] - 954
chose [1] - 12819 1655 1547 1662 10719 12412 9511 9513 9610
CHRIS [4] - 3513 clarify [5] - 569 16715 17015 1252 1255 1315 9817 995 13219
3517 3610 3614 5613 6010 1265 17116 17211 14015 14315 16513
Chris [1] - 3514 1918 17319 17512 1619 1855 complicated [1] -
Christmas [1] - 8710 clarifying [2] - 657 1773 17712 commercial [10] - 1242
Chronicle [1] - 89 1066 17715 1781 3412 3414 997 complications [1] -
church [1] - 103 clarity [2] - 579 1786 17912 1439 16516 1881
Circadian [1] - 1339 17216 1803 1811 1819 16517 16610 complies [1] - 746
circumstances [1] -463
cities [1] - 629 citizens [2] - 1135 1729
CITY [1] - 12 city [20] - 397 5815 7718 8118 10117 1059 12213 1296 12912 13116 1338 13818 1418 14318 15117 15416 1728 17416 1763 1768
City [41] - 113 23 214 31 33 414 5511 5816 592 716 7918 8111 1013 1021 10413 12819 14613 1475 15012 15015 15115 1529 15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 16310 16616 1688 1695 17118 1734 17612
clauses [2] - 1095 10910
clear [17] - 494 515 586 727 7215 7410 8812 11012 12216 16014 1653 1656 16711 16714 1815 18415 1852
clearer [2] - 5312 1392
clearly [2] - 389 922 clerical [1] - 6115 clients [1] - 1057 cliff [2] - 1696 17112
clock [1] - 1086 close [8] - 2018 2418 2614 424 481 1283 13012 1431
closely [2] - 244 1071
closer [4] - 615 2812 677 18317
clothing [1] - 77 Code [16] - 694 6914 701 8314 924 962 1096 1097 12711
18215 1833 18310 18311 1851 1865 1895 18912 18914 19016
coincidence [1] -2310
colleague [1] - 1631 colleagues [8] - 612 102 391 4714 902 1498 15310 1621
COLLING [47] - 1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
Colling [1] - 1115 color [1] - 1468
1743 17516 18210
Commission [1] -19716
Commissioner [7] -896 8911 983 11112 11516 14718 14812
Committee [2] -10919 16612
committees [1] -1703
committing [1] -1422
common [1] - 188 COMMONWEALTH [1] - 1972
community [3] - 161 11113 1591
Community [9] - 113 115 23 1273 13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
comparing [1] - 5715 compel [2] - 561 565
complain [1] - 7517 complaining [1] -836
complaint [8] - 641
compliment [1] -7619
comply [2] - 9416 952
components [1] -1596
comprehensive [3] -1453 14616 16017
compromise [1] -4615
con [1] - 1404 conceived [1] -15411
concept [2] - 3718 404
concern [22] - 2615 2717 4415 465 4716 595 635 739 7312 7318 7815 7818 966 11710 1232 13212 1331 1521 1524 1663 16910 18413
concerned [19] - 397 4718 591 763 765 7718 7719 795 8019 824 825 831 838 8313 8611
combination [2] -
4
14111 14218 1434 16613
concerns [13] - 268 418 4418 451 497 5012 769 9615 9619 1219 14913 1504 18719
concur [7] - 4019 4117 423 8918 901 15217 1547
condenser [8] -4416 4510 4511 4514 4515 4517 466 4618
condition [6] - 314 401 453 789 12713 1281
conditional [1] -18813
conditioner [1] - 454 conditioning [4] -309 316 417 425
conditions [2] - 918 507
condoized [1] - 1810 confer [3] - 13112 1369 1736
confident [1] - 9616 confines [1] - 812 confirm [1] - 3819 confirmed [1] - 311 confirming [1] - 4016 conflict [1] - 1557 conform [5] - 6510 7119 737 9815 1309
conformance [11] -5616 607 611 612 617 962 9718 13012 1396 15110 16518
conforming [27] -1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 603 7017 7110 7910 816 922 9218 9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1365 1396
conformities [2] -333 9116
conformity [10] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 935 973 978 979 992
confused [4] -12118 1292 1343 1345
confusing [1] - 8215 confusion [3] - 631 10715 16418
congratulate [1] -4115
Connolly [2] - 111 45
CONNOLLY [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
conscious [1] - 1146 consciously [1] -1125
consensus [5] -1493 1496 16014 16716 17216
consequences [3] -5812 14210 1841
consider [5] - 993 10114 1031 15919 1622
consideration [4] -6312 6519 10413 16911
considerations [1] -5315
considered [3] -1031 1073 1363
considers [1] - 1407 consistent [3] - 626 868 1481
constitutes [2] - 826 1355
constructed [1] - 211 construction [8] -915 917 109 1011 1012 136 291 829
constructive [1] -510
consult [1] - 1166 consultant [1] - 8116 consulted [2] - 409 1734
contact [1] - 382 content [1] - 12413 context [2] - 1055 10516
continuance [1] -14110
continue [7] - 1814 322 324 5513 1398 18516
1886 Continued [2] - 219 219
continues [1] - 632 continuing [2] - 153 1584
continuous [5] - 734 1069 10614 1073 1074
CONTROL [1] -19719
control [4] - 3713 7813 15813 1597
controlled [1] - 1879 conventional [1] -504
conversation [2] -323 901
conversations [2] -5010 982
Conversion [1] - 28 conversion [2] - 195 1919
convert [4] - 27 1315 1415 4919
converted [2] - 3314 1406
conveyed [1] - 1922 conveyor [1] - 19113 convince [1] - 10315 copy [1] - 1956 core [2] - 6318 8018 corner [3] - 63 133 177
correct [14] - 1619 182 1819 1916 211 236 253 3316 11917 13415 13417 13811 17315 18310
correction [1] - 1965 corrections [2] -19512 19617
correctly [5] - 794 9914 1023 1294 1604
cost [1] - 467 costs [3] - 9816 14213 14215
Council [50] - 412 414 526 688 716 7918 1102 1231 12311 12314 12319 1249 12517 12519 1412 14613 1494 15012 15016 15115 1529
15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 1622 16214 1634 1688 1695 16915 1703 17012 17118 1731 17312 17318 17612 18018 1856 18516 1867 1885 1889 18814 19117 1922 1928 19219
COUNCILLOR [5] -1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
Councillor [3] -11515 1702 1916
councillor [1] - 1914 Councillors [1] -1475
counter [1] - 4316 country [1] - 7816 couple [6] - 411 2411 3518 7716 9818 13317
course [1] - 9713 Court [1] - 11415 court [1] - 1477 cover [3] - 484 12915 12916
covered [3] - 1717 4714 545
covers [2] - 1011 576
craft [1] - 14615 Craigy [2] - 12615 12617
crane [1] - 11316 create [5] - 214 32 286 5311 809
creates [1] - 7314 creating [3] - 303 804 856
creatures [1] - 12019 credit [1] - 7817 criticism [1] - 511 critique [3] - 10719 1082 1084
crossed [1] - 10617 crushed [1] - 289 curb [1] - 1282 curious [1] - 841 current [2] - 818 1355
cut [2] - 10410 1283 cyclists [1] - 10118
D
dally [1] - 479 damage [1] - 2616 damn [1] - 1478 dark [2] - 2216 1043 Dash [1] - 116 DATE [1] - 1961 date [3] - 911 13710 1966
daughters [1] - 1533 day-to-day [1] - 1749 days [4] - 285 11815 1694
deal [6] - 6815 7110 803 1522 1602 1725
dealing [5] - 7912 809 1008 1428 15119
decades [1] - 13616 deceased [1] - 135 December [1] - 912 decibel [1] - 461 decide [6] - 525 11813 12016 1244 12519 15116
decision [6] - 1133 11811 11815 1261 1883 19210
decisions [1] - 1157 deck [7] - 149 2611 301 347 348 3411 357
decker [2] - 1216 1217
decorative [1] - 1079 dedicated [2] - 3319 14818
deemed [2] - 766 1004
deer [1] - 13318 defer [1] - 917 define [1] - 4017 defined [4] - 217 1141 1142 1203
defining [2] - 3815 12010
definitely [1] - 4715 definition [4] - 7710 8212 944 11618
definitions [4] - 214 576 735 11413
degree [2] - 15819 delay [1] - 406 delete [2] - 10714 1295
deleted [1] - 6315
5
delivered [4] - 1953 1957 1958 19510
demand [1] - 9812 demarcate [1] - 3116 demolition [1] - 2819 demonstrate [1] -10514
demonstrated [1] -6113
dense [1] - 3719 denser [1] - 1438 density [2] - 1651 1652
Department [13] -718 10416 11117 1166 11614 14619 15113 15915 1733 1737 1868 1954 1959
departments [1] -16311
describe [1] - 186 described [3] - 6017 801 894
Design [2] - 216 1116
design [1] - 4115 desire [2] - 94 14411
desired [2] - 9710 9719
despite [2] - 1089 detail [2] - 645 1932 details [5] - 403 408 5013 11913 1612
detectors [1] - 10612 deteriorated [1] -1516
deterioration [1] -177
determination [1] -752
determine [4] - 8312 8411 14915 1514
determined [3] - 211 2712 1738
develop [4] - 2913 14318 14319 1611
developed [2] - 2911 3113
developers [1] -14214
developing [1] -16017
Development [8] -113 115 23
13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
development [2] -703 1419
Developments [1] -1273
deviate [1] - 5317 device [1] - 18119 diagram [2] - 786 791
dialogue [1] - 2514 diameter [1] - 1049 diametric [1] - 4013 difference [4] - 4513 469 1299 1561
differences [1] -1105
different [26] - 2415 2416 5419 552 624 625 6916 7018 8412 9015 9410 9411 1109 1142 12013 12019 1225 12211 12219 16110 1622 17414 17415 17811 1827
differently [2] - 197 392
difficult [4] - 5910 5913 6517 1414
difficulty [1] - 16919 dilly [1] - 478 dimensional [2] -816 505
dimensionally [2] -331 504
diminished [1] -1048
diminishing [1] -1416
direct [6] - 736 1069 1115 1389 17819 1798
DIRECT [1] - 19719 Direct [1] - 215 direction [2] - 865 8919
DIRECTION [1] -19719
directions [1] - 3912 directly [2] - 244 6015
directness [1] - 579 disagree [4] - 1587 18215 1839 1848
discomfort [1] - 756 discover [2] - 13215
15516 discovering [1] -15810
discovers [1] - 18412 discretionary [1] -5313
discuss [4] - 3215 3917 4010 1859
discussed [4] - 507 1227 18014 1932
discusses [1] - 707 discussion [13] -5019 5112 1092 10918 12319 13816 15213 16210 1639 1645 1647 1832 1834
discussions [3] -416 10711 17017
disposal [2] - 1459 15714
distance [4] - 1512 455 457 4512
distinction [2] - 996 9911
distribution [3] -1610 1611 1968
District [5] - 817 818 1314 505 1402
district [6] - 16415 16419 1651 1652 1678 1806
Districts [6] - 34 13614 13813 15615 1775 1784
districts [20] - 625 6212 6213 633 637 12918 12919 1383 1388 13815 1417 16416 16419 1658 16516 16610 16614 1744 1818 18417
divide [2] - 198 226 division [1] - 13310 DO [1] - 1965 Doctor [1] - 1428 document [1] - 574 documents [1] -14515
DOES [1] - 19718 dog [1] - 1177 done [15] - 264 2913 436 448
4413 522 7018 886 919 11919 12411 13219 1503 15711
door [4] - 1712 2114 442 6615
doubt [2] - 13114 13312
down [21] - 173 176 2218 485 566 669 8518 865 11111 11117 11514 11515 11613 11615 1173 1183 12011 13819 14315 1536 17817
downwards [1] - 895 draft [9] - 5213 5214 5217 1479 17111 19116 1937 1938 19315
drafted [5] - 7915 1503 15312 1629 17219
drafting [3] - 12510 1604 1843
drawing [2] - 217 3013
drawings [1] - 917 drink [1] - 3417 drive [1] - 761 driven [2] - 641 8813
driveway [10] - 94 95 145 146 1413 1715 8612 8617 1128 1283
driveways [1] -10611
duration [1] - 1012 during [6] - 9712 9713 1063 13319 13515 15410
Dwelling [1] - 210 dwelling [3] - 210 1310 503
dynamics [1] - 10116
easy [3] - 672 11315 18316
echo [1] - 902 edges [1] - 12916 Edmunds [1] - 1087 educational [1] -14219
effect [7] - 152 287 782 1064 14312 1657 16911
effective [4] - 7813 16217 1698 17114
efforts [2] - 918 1218
egress [1] - 149 eight [7] - 111 4217 475 4814 4818 494
either [9] - 495 615 11812 11814 1309 14114 14410 15017 19018
elaborated [1] -16318
Electrical [1] - 9215 electricity [1] - 1467 elements [3] - 10815 10817 1126
eleventh [1] - 18012 elimination [1] -17816
emphasis [1] - 773 empire [1] - 129 empty [1] - 518 enable [1] - 546 enabling [1] - 685 Enabling [1] - 719 enact [1] - 1891 enacted [2] - 18514 18515
enacting [1] - 16216 enactment [1] - 1051 enclave [1] - 2614 encompass [1] -15617
encompassing [1] -9210
encourage [4] - 613 712 4617 14317
end [10] - 97 629 7118 7713 1159 12014 17317 18016 18515 1897
endorsing [1] -18512
ends [1] - 1556 enforce [21] - 5910 7011 1071
E
e-mail [2] - 1014 1323
early [1] - 18815 easel [1] - 1112 easier [1] - 6711 easily [1] - 498 east [2] - 2016 4813
6
11112 11217 1109 1142 7217 19210 222 4112 10313 11517 11813 14710 except [3] - 12814 explanations [1] - fancier [1] - 1564 11814 1291 entirety [1] - 1355 18812 19616 905 far [4] - 1325 14518 12911 14116 entitled [1] - 7714 exceptions [4] - 589 explicit [2] - 11413 1462 1701 14319 1441 entrance [1] - 3116 5812 9212 14713 fast [1] - 15216 14916 15112 entrances [1] - 10710 explicitly [2] - 11013 favor [5] - 511 514 1566 1583 17411 excuse [3] - 13019 1796 15218 15219 18910 19215 entry [1] - 1717 13418 1584 expressed [2] - 464 15917 19216 enumerated [1] - exempt [1] - 1068 14911 favorably [1] - 1102
enforceability [1] - 1388 exercise [1] - 906 extend [1] - 277 fee [1] - 11817 1482 environment [3] - exist [1] - 1808 extended [1] - 16315 feedback [1] - 678
enforceable [1] - 381 10213 1033 existed [1] - 12818 extension [4] - 910 fees [1] - 1131 19214 environmental [1] - existence [5] - 5412 2113 5415 5416 feet [9] - 192 1912
enforced [15] - 6015 7815 5717 1002 extensive [2] - 109 4217 4317 4319 6916 11411 environments [1] - 12712 12713 5811 4818 744 7510 12716 12717 1598 existing [45] - 27 extent [7] - 553 1795 15518 1562 equipment [2] - 172 175 1710 5919 9019 9112 fell [1] - 95 15914 1636 14118 17411 184 1812 2018 9315 13011 fellow [3] - 464 1637 1659 1901 equivalent [2] - 855 222 3315 369 14716 4917 7916 1906 1907 1408 3610 3815 544 exterior [4] - 2617 felt [3] - 1509 19011 era [1] - 14513 561 566 5611 3010 948 10511 16214 19310
enforcement [33] - Errata [4] - 1952 6218 7012 7110 external [2] - 1155 few [3] - 467 915 5313 5912 5914 1955 19513 7114 806 953 1178 1898 6317 641 644 1967 956 973 977 extra [2] - 1689 field [1] - 1513 6411 7018 759 ERRATA [3] - 1951 9814 1149 1188 1898 figure [4] - 627 832 8813 9115 19517 1963 12011 1282 extremely [2] - 4518 1565 15813 9319 985 1106 errata [1] - 1966 1308 13113 466 19213 1118 1119 espouse [1] - 15611 13214 13411 eye [1] - 667 figures [1] - 1131 11115 11118 essence [1] - 15517 1516 1561 1566 file [2] - 6419 14411 11518 1204 13819 1394
essentially [4] -5817 929 9317
16117 1649 16719 1721
F filed [2] - 17314 17316
14114 1522 15619 1601 16314 16417 1721 1723 1896
enforcer [1] - 11612 enforcing [2] - 586 888
engage [1] - 1246 engaging [1] - 16019 engineered [1] -15419
engineers [2] -10211 10810
enhancement [1] -1519
enjoy [1] - 784 enjoyment [2] -11214 1413
enlargement [2] -9412 9414
enlarging [1] - 957 enormous [1] - 4512 enter [1] - 148 entering [2] - 10613 1798
enthusiasm [1] -16211
9918 established [2] - 696 13517
establishment [1] -1382
estate [1] - 74 et [1] - 213 etcetera [5] - 2610 1069 17816
evening [3] - 46 121 2314
eventually [2] - 6812 1685
everywhere [1] -9613
evidence [1] - 616 exacerbated [1] -333
exactly [8] - 813 10917 13617 1514 16110 16111 1747 19210
examine [1] - 6911 example [4] - 6912 10214 14211 1467
17218 1757 1896
expand [2] - 12913 12916
expanding [1] - 1041 expansiveness [1] -9516
expedient [2] -17110 1759
expense [1] - 1186 experience [4] - 386 7014 912 15814
experienced [2] -1191 16019
expert [8] - 6818 914 1114 15016 1513 15416 15514 1603
expertise [4] - 10416 10418 14115 14118
experts [7] - 10414 10811 1121 1339 1531 1557 16813
expiration [1] - 911 expire [1] - 10911
facade [3] - 63 488 4812
facilitate [1] - 601 facilities [1] - 17616 Facilities [1] - 216 facility [2] - 1746 17410
facing [4] - 1111 1026 15117 17616
fact [10] - 568 604 766 792 8115 8216 12716 1583 1592 1824
factors [1] - 582 failing [1] - 14215 fails [1] - 1821 fairly [1] - 3016 fall [8] - 1501 17317 17617 18117 1862 1888 18815
falling [2] - 1661 1825
falls [1] - 944 familiar [1] - 241
filled [2] - 69 713 final [5] - 9912 11815 11816 11915 1302
findings [1] - 506 fine [5] - 2515 6713 10417 1138 15811
finish [1] - 1386 finished [1] - 1132 firm [1] - 1093 firs [1] - 3518 first [23] - 48 2310 248 283 5018 576 6818 693 714 7116 799 8114 8818 908 9118 10216 10219 12614 13110 1349 1549 15919 1932
firsthand [1] - 7010 five [1] - 1449 fix [18] - 615 11016 11510 15412 1553 15616
entire [3] - 1012 examples [3] - 6919 Expires [1] - 19716 families [1] - 9910 17514 1767 12912 14613 7010 10912 explain [1] - 12711 family [7] - 122 18010 18019
entirely [4] - 2817 exceed [2] - 723 explaining [2] - 1483 1317 1416 1518 18513 18515
7
8 18519 1869 1739 15816 657 6717 7313 hearing [15] - 118 1881 1891 1894 forwarded [1] - 1927 grain [1] - 10417 814 8219 881 5114 5218 5315 19012 four [1] - 1039 grandfather [2] - 913 981 9912 683 8114 1011
fixed [2] - 19310 fourth [1] - 1056 1122 1157 10013 1075 11819 1399 19311 fox [1] - 13318 grandfathered [6] - 12118 1551 1436 14911
fixing [1] - 6812 framework [2] - 554 1139 11410 1882 16611 17312 fixture [17] - 793 5514 1285 1328 guesses [1] - 16813 1765 1932 827 8211 8213 8616 921 923
frankly [3] - 4510 4612 15612
13810 14512 grandfathering [19] -
guy [2] - 1191 11911
hearings [1] - 5714 HEARINGS [1] - 26
926 933 11010 free [1] - 662 9611 1099 1106 guys [4] - 1192 hedge [8] - 2418 11012 11315 11716 1307
friendly [1] - 1262 frivolous [6] - 7611
11013 1137 1167 1207 1208
1195 12016 19114
276 2918 429 4315 448 4818
13010 13016 17510
834 835 837 14112
1278 12817 1332 1394 1451 H
495 hedges [1] - 414
fixtures [8] - 567 FROM [1] - 1613 14917 1508 hedging [1] - 4212 602 603 6014 10516 11714 17418 18116
flashing [2] - 10118 1074
flawed [1] - 14912 fledged [1] - 1692 floodlight [1] - 1828 floodlighting [3] -13613 17917 1807
floodlights [1] - 1744 floor [4] - 211 63 283 851
focus [3] - 2910 15619 18116
folks [3] - 397 496 13216
follow [1] - 10011 Following [1] - 219 following [4] - 214 5213 17815
foot [22] - 126 1715 199 2113 4810 4814 495 6118 6514 6515 6610 723 7217 749 842 852 855 8517 1025 11912 1569
footprint [1] - 2817 FOR [1] - 12 foregoing [1] - 19616 FOREGOING [1] -19717
form [2] - 5217 1747
former [1] - 7014 fort [1] - 1571 forth [5] - 1028 15610 1841 19113 1979
forward [10] - 3819 4119 4913 5516 6410 6413 807 12318 1716
front [4] - 146 1711 3519 8613
full [2] - 1102 1692 full-fledged [1] -1692
fuller [1] - 16114 fully [2] - 543 1507 functional [1] - 9715 fundamental [1] -1202
fundamentally [2] -12019 14912
funds [1] - 15717 future [2] - 8010 1514
G
game [1] - 14411 garage [2] - 1212 148
garbage [4] - 302 1197 1473
gate [1] - 8618 gee [1] - 18211 GENERAL [2] - 12 22
general [8] - 539 558 642 7716 8919 915 1291 15711
General [2] - 218 802
generally [6] - 862 971 14517 1547 15917 18915
gesturing [1] - 787 given [2] - 2413 1855
glare [1] - 216 glasses [1] - 516 goal [1] - 18517 gonna [1] - 11813 gosh [1] - 15518 government [1] -
1602 17519 1761 1877
grandmothering [1] -1878
granted [3] - 814 445 1137
grates [1] - 284 Great [1] - 4312 great [18] - 49 3013 3018 329 336 338 339 4111 4216 4419 516 713 714 816 919 16218 1749
greater [2] - 210 553
green [1] - 1216 Green [3] - 1399 13915 1401
Greg [1] - 1115 GREGORY [47] -1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
grey [1] - 13318 grocery [1] - 1511 gross [2] - 211 1911 ground [4] - 63 383 788 864
grow [1] - 4217 grows [1] - 10117 guess [18] - 1019 2411 2815 3311
half [13] - 127 128 1219 139 458 6118 662 6610 723 7217 7518 8116 1405
hand [2] - 1915 19711
handbook [1] - 1153 handle [1] - 11110 hands [1] - 593 hands) [1] - 512 happy [5] - 4416 451 1497 1499 19110
hard [3] - 477 844 11315
hardship [4] - 13211 13215 13216 13218
harm [1] - 16218 harmed [1] - 14311 Harvard [1] - 13310 HAWKINSON [2] -14712 1914
Hawkinson [1] -14712
head [4] - 168 10119 1022 15513
health [7] - 1112 1115 1331 1335 1423 14210 14216
hear [8] - 3016 3017 402 675 12118 1251 19110 1924
heard [14] - 55 5017 6814 12317 12618 13111 13413 14113 1445 14415 14714 1621 16317 17515
HEARING [1] - 12
height [5] - 414 429 4212 4215 14010
held [2] - 5718 16310
help [8] - 8116 1226 1324 13218 13813 16019 1612 1624
helpful [1] - 17014 helps [3] - 1397 15819
hereby [1] - 19617 hereinbefore [1] -1979
hereunto [1] - 19711 hi [1] - 1110 Hi [1] - 1446 HID [3] - 12813 13013 13014
high [5] - 279 6119 629 667 11316
higher [1] - 1651 highlight [1] - 7817 hire [6] - 10414 15016 1522 15416 1603 16812
historian [1] - 13618 historical [1] - 1043 hit [1] - 8018 hold [4] - 8513 1051 1252 1571
home [1] - 1519 homeowner [1] -1183
honorable [1] -17612
hood [1] - 13213 hope [4] - 1158 1694 16914 17810
hopefully [2] - 8818 11511
hoping [4] - 1414
9 679 1266 1928 1835 1863 1866 10310 1111 indulge [1] - 14017 494 1977
horizontally [1] - 863 18612 18616 14816 15117 indulgence [2] - interesting [3] - 785 Hospital [1] - 1127 18619 1873 1523 18616 2513 3119 9110 1215 hot [1] - 1033 18812 18819 importantly [1] - industrial [3] - interests [1] - 1846
Hotel [2] - 89 812 18915 1903 1515 16610 1743 interfere [1] - 3914
hour [3] - 116 1092 1908 1912 1916 impossible [1] - 17517 interim [2] - 1623 18012 1919 1936 10314 inexpensive [1] - 16917
hours [2] - 1192 house [37] - 127
19314 Hugh [8] - 17 42
improper [1] - 1459 improve [1] - 1275
4218 infestation [1] - 1457
interpretation [1] -1849
128 129 1219 139 1310 222 244 2419 2518 269 2617 3017
3118 8011 8319 1212 14413 15214
Hughs [1] - 751
improved [2] - 335 4910
improvement [1] -8017
informal [1] - 16918 information [1] -19219
informed [1] - 13619
interpreted [1] - 9119 interrupt [1] - 1348 interrupted [1] -6712
376 414 437 hundreds [1] - 12714 improving [1] - 2919 initial [2] - 5317 intersection [1] -4315 4318 458 husband [1] - 135 impulse [1] - 1425 8215 1284 4719 489 4810 4816 742 743 I
IN [1] - 19711 inaudible [3] - 1077
initiate [1] - 16016 insert [2] - 17812
invisible [1] - 1716 involve [1] - 933
8612 9419 953 1157 17315 17815 involved [1] - 248 968 1059 10510 10511 1177 1184 1282 1289 1879
houses [1] - 481 hue [1] - 4215 hues [2] - 4216 4217
huge [1] - 10517 HUGH [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693 1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831
idea [6] - 517 2613 338 355 4211 1664
ideal [1] - 15414 ignore [1] - 1728 ignored [1] - 1366 illegally [1] - 1364 illuminance [8] - 581 582 848 8417 851 8515 8517 862
illuminating [1] -1024
illumination [3] -598 7715 11618
Illumination [1] - 33 illustrating [1] - 887 imagine [1] - 13313 imagining [1] - 856 immediate [2] - 5011 15715
immediately [2] -7114 17313
immortal [1] - 19019 immune [1] - 1418 impact [7] - 1514 984 1032 10518 12919 1518 1677
impacted [1] - 12917 impacts [1] - 16516 implementing [1] -17711
implication [1] -1854
implications [2] -1204 1207
implicit [1] - 14714 imply [1] - 632 important [12] -3618 371 396 434 437 9111
inaudible) [2] - 202 484
Inaudible) [2] - 2311 12116
INC [1] - 117 incandescent [2] -12810 12815
incandescents [1] -12812
inches [1] - 1048 inclined [1] - 916 include [6] - 363 364 16015 1732 1796
included [9] - 577 589 596 5918 7914 10618 1614 16112
includes [1] - 1331 including [3] - 9115 18716 18918
income [1] - 1813 incorporate [1] -1219
increase [1] - 592 increasingly [1] -7815
incredible [1] -19113
indeed [1] - 718 Index [1] - 36 indicate [1] - 19512 indicated [2] - 914 1808
indicating [1] -12512
Indirect [1] - 215 indirect [3] - 32 34 734
individual [3] - 654 756 7511
indoor [3] - 596 599 10213
Inspectional [4] -941 9812 14510 15718
Inspector [1] - 206 install [3] - 9215 1759
installed [2] - 562 13611
installer [2] - 6110 6113
installing [2] - 8815 10218
instance [4] - 588 5814 5818 987
instances [2] - 5510 1756
instead [1] - 653 INSTRUCTIONS [3] -1951 19511 1964
instructions [1] -1968
instrument [2] -1046 15811
instrumentation [1] -1206
instruments [1] -11619
insurance [2] - 75 1184
intend [1] - 2916 intended [3] - 722 16011 1799
intends [2] - 6416 1755
intensely [1] - 15815 intensity [1] - 858 intent [2] - 539 7413 intention [1] - 1698 interaction [1] - 382 interest [3] - 3014 413 12619
interested [3] - 2412
inward [1] - 272 issue [32] - 2918 307 4210 5313 541 545 715 773 777 7815 7818 881 1122 11910 12216 1242 1305 1337 13311 13313 14917 1507 1508 1512 15119 1602 1648 1766 1844 1845 18611 1887
issues [11] - 6412 8018 872 1272 1338 1515 1516 15117 1525 15812 1682
item [5] - 48 51 5111 648 1353
iteration [1] - 312 itself [6] - 364 3616 5215 6012 19514 1966
J
jail [1] - 8717 jam [1] - 417 Jeff [25] - 5116 521 529 6712 711 713 7618 797 904 906 9019 10015 10017 10112 1066 1108 1142 12710 1294 13415 1606 1662 16818 1717 1742
JEFF [31] - 528
6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514 9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
Jeffs [2] - 1217 1225
Jo [3] - 1317 1319 19016
JO [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
job [7] - 516 6812 713 714 887 1012 1324
John [2] - 14711 14712
JOHN [2] - 14712 1914
judgment [2] - 1719 18314
July [3] - 13 415 55
jurisdiction [1] - 461 justification [1] -1426
kinds [2] - 9919 1248
kitchen [2] - 4316 4815
knowledge [5] - 319 349 7418 912 19710
known [1] - 1361
L
lab [1] - 1406 lack [4] - 14117 14118
lacks [2] - 14114 1435
ladder [2] - 4318 442
laid [3] - 946 1473 1879
Lamp [1] - 215 lamp [1] - 5910 lamps [1] - 1022 land [1] - 1153 landscape [2] - 2913 4412
landscaping [1] -5013
language [35] - 2816 5516 5517 609 726 7313 765 7914 1015 10115 1225 12317 12318 1264 12914 12916 1617 1618 1628 16216 1649 1653 16712 16816 1716 17218 17614 17619 1774 17719 17916 18114 18211 18519 1877
languages [1] -14610
large [2] - 3016 15819
largely [1] - 5317 larger [1] - 1616 largest [1] - 1043 last [18] - 510 98 4412 5314 715 772 10813 10918 11716 12117 1267 13116 1405 14013 14911 1619 1817 18711
lastly [1] - 1148 late [1] - 1813 law [8] - 5411 559 774 9919 1291 1421 1847 18919
Law [5] - 717 1166 1733 1736 1868
lawful [1] - 12718 lawfully [4] - 5412 12712 12713
laws [3] - 546 548 698
Lawson [1] - 1974 lawyer [1] - 1837 lawyers [1] - 11214 laxer [1] - 1437 layman [1] - 1275 laymens [1] - 845 learned [1] - 13817 lease [2] - 3615 3815
leases [7] - 361 369 3610 4017 4613 4616
least [10] - 666 9318 1042 12913 1596 16417 18411 18911 1902 19317
leave [3] - 9217 1333 1358
leaving [1] - 10613 left [6] - 1210 1217 6116 6311 8213
legal [11] - 151 154 563 6819 922 11211 1169 1365 1396 16912 1845
legitimacy [2] -12719 13112
legitimate [1] - 7516 Lesley [2] - 104 108 less [5] - 1818 192 5312 14311 1523
lesson [1] - 14011 letters [1] - 11812 level [9] - 4517 462 662 7419 753 14219 1655 16518 17012
Li [5] - 134 136 2713 439 4418
Lianne [6] - 212 1118 2718 288 308 499
Liannes [1] - 259 license [1] - 828
License [1] - 19715 life [2] - 9713 1556 Light [2] - 215 215 light [82] - 3115 5113 5611 604 6011 6019 616 663 6614 704 707 7113 736 743 7519 7615 781 7813 7818 8211 8213 849 8413 8414 8416 8417 8419 856 858 8513 8517 8814 893 1025 10219 10414 10516 1072 1073 1074 10815 10817 10818 10819 11011 1113 1114 1115 1124 1129 1138 11311 11312 1143 1147 11518 12011 1307 13115 13214 13315 1388 1389 1429 1432 14312 1453 14919 15119 1535 17819 1798 17910 17914 18116 18117 1825 18212
Lighting [2] - 32 34 lighting [73] - 3111 3113 395 398 3910 3913 5012 544 561 562 566 5611 5615 5815 592 596 599 659 687 703 7016 793 846 8615 8616 898 914 9216 951 953 961 9610 9711 9712 9718 9813 9814 995 10215 10515 1067 10610 1079 10811 1097 1126 11512 11513 11917 1338 13410 13412 13517 1361 13610 1372 1409 14617 1471 1478 1532 1597
16018 1747 1748 17412 17417 1753 1758 17818 18518
lights [22] - 217 3114 3911 8710 10116 10119 10212 1032 1035 10410 10816 1116 1149 11410 1162 1175 12810 13112 13113 1321 1878
limit [1] - 17710 limitations [5] -16411 16414 1722 1724 1727
Limitations [1] - 218 limited [2] - 1002 15113
limits [1] - 1018 Lincoln [1] - 11215 LINE [1] - 1969 line [13] - 1010 2111 2419 261 271 277 455 4610 482 724 745 11217 1353
list [5] - 49 1014 639 10710 12614
listen [2] - 9013 9016
listened [2] - 771 12617
lit [2] - 8117 1129 literally [1] - 296 litigated [2] - 14918 14919
live [4] - 1325 13914 1401 1448
lives [1] - 2311 living [8] - 615 1814 3719 424 1438 14310 14312 14514
Liza [6] - 115 514 617 71 87 1113
LIZA [17] - 414 54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
located [1] - 1044 location [4] - 61 4415 4514 7512
K
Kaya [2] - 89 812 keep [3] - 5316 668 978
Kelly [1] - 11911 Ken [1] - 12616 Kendall [1] - 1762 Kenneth [1] - 12615 KENNETH [9] -12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
key [2] - 4513 1139 KeyWord [1] - 36 kidding [1] - 18710 kids [1] - 77 kind [17] - 286 3012 311 4212 594 651 6511 8413 852 891 9211 1027 16317 1725 17417 1789 1924
10
locations [2] - 1510 1023 15717 15718 2717 308 10318 modified [4] - 5517 671 map [1] - 157 MEANS [1] - 19718 1076 1368 15911
long-term [1] - 18517 March [1] - 1132 meant [6] - 568 Merrimack [1] - 1116 1617 look [22] - 513 103 MARILYN [4] - 5613 631 974 meter [2] - 8511 modify [2] - 33 532 242 2417 298 13912 13916 1159 1653 8514 moles [1] - 1342 305 3714 496 13919 14316 measure [9] - 8414 method [1] - 11010 moment [5] - 509 6213 663 6912 Marilyn [2] - 13912 8510 8511 metrics [1] - 1603 533 1348 17016 6918 815 10619 1401 15013 1553 mic [1] - 1802 1814 1174 11810 Marjorie [2] - 1399 15613 16216 microphone [2] - money [2] - 13218 13117 1567 13910 1633 16313 674 677 14117 1748 1754 1755 mark [1] - 492 measured [2] - 852 midsummer [3] - month [2] - 406 18317 Mark [6] - 2311 863 413 1695 1705 1579
looked [4] - 59 196 2315 4310 4415 measurement [1] - might [39] - 272 months [3] - 411 6919 11610 472 4718 874 293 294 295 915 1898
looking [13] - 5712 MARK [15] - 2314 measuring [1] - 297 4218 447 mood [1] - 393 5715 646 779 258 2519 263 15413 4413 482 4814 morning [2] - 242 7713 788 1061 266 279 2714 meat [1] - 15913 5718 606 7114 1195 17414 17415 2814 305 315 mechanical [1] - 499 782 966 993 mortar [1] - 172 17610 17613 3110 3117 329 mechanicals [3] - 996 1007 1032 most [14] - 77 246 1778 1789 491 493 388 389 3810 10317 1052 3710 4713 597
looks [6] - 105 Marks [1] - 451 mechanism [3] - 10512 10518 7711 9110 9111 2016 253 306 market [1] - 1022 6916 823 8813 1063 1079 16215 1654 761 10812 marks [3] - 254 mechanisms [2] - 12314 1348 17113 17114
lots [1] - 189 19514 1966 819 15916 1435 1437 1759 1813 loud [1] - 4511 markups [1] - 1858 Medical [1] - 13310 15818 16217 mostly [1] - 5210 low [1] - 6210 marriage [1] - 1976 meet [1] - 14515 16517 16519 motion [8] - 4913 lower [2] - 6617 masonry [1] - 178 Meeting [1] - 25 1689 17118 4918 5014 5019 1652 Mass [2] - 701 meeting [14] - 47 1779 1867 511 10117
lowering [1] - 14215 14713 413 415 418 18613 1904 10611 1072 lowest [1] - 662 MASSACHUSETTS 2914 6710 mile [1] - 7518 Mount [1] - 1127 Luminaire [1] - 215 [1] - 1972 13116 1696 mind [4] - 4118 mouth [1] - 14414 luminaire [3] - 664 Massachusetts [6] - 1704 1705 1707 7215 835 10617 move [4] - 3011 1795 1799 15 16 1117 1856 1857 mine [1] - 259 4119 6410 676
luminance [6] - 847 1045 1403 1404 18511 minimal [1] - 746 moved [4] - 106 848 8411 8415 match [1] - 1713 meetings [2] - 11113 minimally [1] - 1514 138 5015 1739 855 15610 material [4] - 289 1817 minimum [4] - 211 movement [1] - 272
lux [2] - 8511 8514 1034 1035 1036 materials [2] - 2716
meets [3] - 1913 732
1818 665 13011 minor [2] - 796
moving [1] - 4511 multi [4] - 999
M 415 matter [11] - 102
MEMBER [2] - 1613 673
1654 minute [3] - 111
10313 1578 1579
magic [1] - 116 magnitudes [1] -10411
mail [2] - 1014 1323 main [1] - 17812 maintain [3] - 5610 9516 973
maintenance [1] -5013
Maintenance [1] -216
major [6] - 1103
4314 6115 14019 1421 1422 14417 1572 1976 1977
matters [4] - 4010 6819 916 16814
maximizing [1] -14214
mean [25] - 3410 384 483 7515 8211 832 839 883 9315 963 9613 10415
Member [7] - 18 19 19 110 110 111 111
members [7] - 121 513 7916 908 9013 1237 15511
Members [2] - 42 4917
memo [5] - 7914 7918 19116 1924 1929
memorialize [1] -
1086 1254 minutes [2] - 479 11914
miscellaneous [1] -706
misgivings [1] -14419
missed [1] - 1436 missing [5] - 7711 7715 785 11413 17713
mistaken [1] - 9913 models [1] - 5719
multi-family [1] -10313
multi-month [1] -1579
multi-unit [1] - 999 multi-year [1] - 1578 multiple [2] - 1449 14610
municipal [20] - 687 11917 1453 14615 14616 1478 15018 1541 15419
1104 1201 10614 1261 1149 modern [2] - 14011 15712 1601 13718 14210 12717 13013 memorialized [1] - 17413 16017 16018
Manager [4] - 113 13912 1644 1163 modification [4] - 16212 1692 15115 16310 1654 1717 1726 memorializing [1] - 16719 1683 1701 18717 17119 17914 1809 1277 1688 17018 Municipal [7] - 547
manager [1] - 23 1852 memory [1] - 9913 modifications [4] - 694 8314 1096 manner [3] - 552 means [5] - 8417 mention [1] - 432 5211 5310 1097 11018 6413 1574 8516 12717 mentioned [4] - 16113 1629 1247
manufactured [1] -
11
Murphy [2] - 113 23 MURPHY [1] - 5015 music [2] - 1532 1536
must [6] - 659 951 14416 1467 1727
N
nails [1] - 12011 name [6] - 1115 2312 352 3514 13919 1446
natural [1] - 9713 nature [1] - 295 nay [1] - 1538 near [1] - 4815 nearby [2] - 159 1510
nearly [1] - 7712 necessarily [3] -5610 6417 7518
necessary [1] - 269 need [21] - 2616 327 387 388 3812 3814 3819 411 6314 9012 9016 9319 10414 11713 12415 12913 12915 14618 15713 1861 19310
needed [1] - 15015 needs [6] - 2912 1512 1531 15711 15719 1921
neighbor [6] - 4419 463 6615 6811 788 878
neighbors [1] - 443 neighborhood [11] -67 1514 1519 2319 11116 1121 11612 1193 1321 13314 13316
neighbors [10] - 384 3913 5819 7612 11211 11212 11419 1457 17511
network [1] - 685 never [3] - 1159 12715 1287
new [25] - 211 214 32 49 84 173 2819 5518 5616 5915 634 6313
703 817 828 9215 958 9716 1184 12110 1309 1368 1369
newer [2] - 602 1752
news [2] - 412 1610 newspaper [1] - 1611 Newton [2] - 701 801
Newtons [1] - 6919 next [13] - 410 51 104 1013 112 416 442 5111 6316 6615 7613 11519 1869
next-door [2] - 442 6615
nice [6] - 304 3718 4114 496 4911 11616
nicely [1] - 11519 night [12] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 10117 10412 11617 11619 1206 1337 13314 1344
nightmare [1] - 8219 nobody [3] - 3218 14511 18213
noise [14] - 2717 287 3015 416 4516 4517 4617 498 6912 7112 1409 14210 1432 1532
Non [2] - 27 28 non [44] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 195 3219 333 337 4919 558 5512 569 5611 602 6213 6819 7110 7910 816 9112 9116 922 9212 9216 973 978 979 992 9919 1005 1009 10510 1073 1074 1285 1286 1364 1396 15110 1806 1896
non-conformance [1] - 15110
non-conforming [23] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 7110 7910 816 922
9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1396
non-conformities [2] - 333 9116
non-conformity [9] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 973 978 979 992
non-continuous [2] -1073 1074
non-enforcement [1] - 1896
non-residential [4] -195 4919 6213 1806
Non-Residential [2] -27 28
non-zoning [2] -6819 1005
nonetheless [1] -15814
Norfolk [2] - 56 714 noses [1] - 296 NOT [3] - 19514 1965 19718
Notary [3] - 1967 1975 19714
notations [2] -19514 1966
note [7] - 619 6414 656 657 734 1043 1964
noted [2] - 7413 19617
notes [4] - 14014 1696 17112 1979
nothing [4] - 4611 4614 1454 1708
notice [1] - 1847 notify [1] - 1673 notion [3] - 1552 1694 17016
nowadays [1] - 4518 noxious [1] - 14311 nuisance [2] - 805 11213
nuisances [1] -11218
number [3] - 210 665 1165
numbering [1] - 575 numbers [1] - 2510 NUR [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
Nur [2] - 111 1917
O 8616 8617 9912 1023 1025 1029 1055 1065 1077 1118 11217 1195 1258 12710 12814 1333 14810 14916 1533 1534 1535 15617 1608 1626 16415 1757 17517 1778 18015 1917 19317
ones [1] - 1414 one-story [3] - 1210 1311 1815
onerous [2] - 994 1186
ones [4] - 2018 214 216 11717
ongoing [1] - 808 open [8] - 225 334 3313 3315 342 3511 3715 5218
opening [1] - 958 openings [3] - 2015 2017 1799
opinion [2] - 6013 19317
opossums [1] - 1343 opportunities [1] -6412
opportunity [3] -4010 1674 18210
opposed [2] - 8316 10218
opposites [1] - 1534 opposition [1] - 403 opt [1] - 17310 order [4] - 535 6715 1058 14016
Ordinance [56] - 214 5410 554 556 594 684 695 6915 705 7011 747 7810 7812 791 802 10919 11018 11217 11816 1247 12411 1279 12816 12911 1306 13416 1352 1356 1357 1358 13510 1362 13615 1374 13712 13713 13716 13717 1381
oclock [1] - 475 OGrady [1] - 13119 objections [1] - 1933 observation [1] -15515
observations [1] -1549
observatory [1] -10410
observed [1] - 6015 obviously [7] - 2615 357 3617 484 7719 963 15112
occupancy [1] - 1181 Occupancy [1] -1186
occupied [2] - 1317 186
occupier [1] - 2315 occupy [1] - 502 occur [1] - 2817 occurring [1] - 3014 October [1] - 2319 OF [7] - 12 673 19516 1972 19717 19718 19719
Off-Street [1] - 216 off-street [1] - 17615 offenses [1] - 706 offensive [1] - 17510 offer [3] - 1007 1335 17213
offering [2] - 12410 12412
office [5] - 73 75 989 1406 16616
OFFICIAL [1] - 118 officials [1] - 12213 often [5] - 11712 1182 1605 1746
old [2] - 601 6313 older [1] - 1752 on-line [1] - 1010 once [3] - 1099 11012 1555
one [68] - 418 59 715 127 1210 1311 154 1719 1815 1913 2015 227 2215 267 2812 3214 379 423 459 4716 5315 541 5510 5618 5916 6414 656 6514 6515 7013 7111 723 804 8213 8513
12
13 1393 1407 overreach [1] - 764 711 718 374 9918 1279 person [7] - 2310 14114 1426 overshadow [1] - 422 428 4216 13317 643 6418 835 14417 14518 4815 4312 456 8319 past [3] - 285 445 11814 12614 1462 14611 owe [1] - 19316 8610 8714 8718 6811 1317 14614 1511 own [7] - 2318 8810 8910 path [4] - 4810 personally [4] -1543 1593 5817 593 14215 13017 1311 9319 11417 6813 1501 1527 16612 17718 1556 16813 14314 1539 17117 17513 17814 18412 17311 15318 paved [1] - 2812 personnel [1] -18511 owned [2] - 134 Pamela [2] - 19 43 pay [3] - 9815 1144 15416
ordinance [25] - 1617 paragraph [11] - 1431 persons [1] - 1438 4516 6913 7112 7113 9915 1004 1097 11512 11513 1372
owner [26] - 1118 1315 1317 1412 1418 186 1811 2315 3619 614
1295 12910 13415 1354 1377 1384 16118 1684
PB282 [1] - 27 pending [1] - 1691 people [38] - 3416 372 3714 382
perspective [3] -8017 9115 9116
Petition [25] - 5113 812 11517 1465
1454 14616 649 6415 6418 17113 17114 383 4717 5116 14912 1502 14617 1478 653 742 755 1905 603 6719 7319 1528 15311 15018 1542 7514 804 805 Paragraph [1] - 217 7516 7912 8217 1616 1626 1647 15419 15712 9311 10315 parallel [1] - 17117 993 1027 1041 1667 1697 1601 16018 16213 1692
10317 13016 1756 18210
parameters [2] - 899 1015
1057 10519 11111 1161
17611 17613 17618 17713
18518 18718 Ordinances [6] -5712 597 5919 623 6619 15519
owners [1] - 744 owner-occupied [2] -1317 186
owners [7] - 562
pardon [1] - 249 park [1] - 5819 parking [23] - 92 145 1411 1417
11613 1175 1206 12419 1345 13813 13815 1433
1816 18115 18416 18512 18719 1923 19211 1934
ORIGINAL [1] - 1958 783 10311 1309 1419 151 153 14312 1458 petition [40] - 217 original [10] - 5516 1518 1519 154 155 201 1513 1522 1581 5311 5317 5319 578 5813 764 17517 432 502 659 1669 18014 5516 564 578 9010 1373 1646 1735 1952 1959
ownership [1] - 188 Oxford [1] - 72
6516 661 6612 6616 1049 1746
1863 19114 19119
5813 626 6310 6319 656 6514
originally [5] - 9612 17410 1758 peoples [1] - 3710 8112 821 9010 9918 1372 1502 1529
P 1761 17615 Parking [2] - 29 216
per [3] - 211 192 855
9517 10014 10619 11611
otherwise [3] - 4710 606 1147
ought [3] - 1251 15016 16619
ourselves [2] -18414 18415
outcome [2] - 9710 1977
pm [2] - 14 19319 pack [3] - 417 681 1828
package [2] - 2613 5212
packs [1] - 6810 PADEN [17] - 414
part [20] - 2217 245 6913 6914 9915 10419 10517 13416 14417 1452 1465 14611 14615 16018 1685 16817 16919
percent [2] - 1209 perfect [3] - 7712 12414 15911
perhaps [5] - 613 998 12710 1381 1686
period [2] - 1002 14617
12012 12017 1217 12116 1221 1224 12214 1231 12311 12513 1267 1271 1357 15911 16618 1735 17311
outcomes [1] - 1105 outdoor [14] - 3111 3113 3618 4012 4614 598 10213 10610 13613 1744 17410 17411 17917
54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
Paden [1] - 115
1813 18617 19011
participate [1] - 1441 participated [1] -1101
particular [8] - 818 273 541 5719
permanent [1] - 1067 permeability [1] -415
permeable [1] - 2811 permissible [1] - 210 permission [2] - 445 891
1782 1784 petitioner [2] - 6018 10014
phone [1] - 1093 phonetic [1] - 13911 photo [2] - 2612 895
1807 outgrow [1] - 483 outside [3] - 6513 9811 1474
overall [6] - 1011 5310 553 5514
PAGE [2] - 19516 1969
page [13] - 574 576 585 5917 608 6112 6316 658 1352 17813
646 7512 876 14016
particularly [7] - 67 417 424 12212 14914 15312 16315
Permit [14] - 27 814 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 9214 9215 1172 11713
physical [2] - 6014 1598
picture [1] - 1124 piece [7] - 4412 5618 816 833 1052 12511
5618 6016 overbroad [2] -14913 1505
overhang [2] - 1715 2113
Overlay [1] - 816 overlook [1] - 245 overly [1] - 966
17817 Page [3] - 219 572 1967
pages [1] - 573 pains [1] - 1577 painting [2] - 2610 968
PAMELA [24] - 514 65 611 616 79
parties [3] - 281 7710 1976
parts [1] - 1783 party [4] - 262 759 787 1957
pass [2] - 1235 1276
passed [4] - 915
permit [5] - 210 911 314 941 1016
Permits [1] - 758 permits [1] - 12817 Permitted [1] - 31 permitted [3] - 1001 1068 10615
1332 pieces [1] - 1939 pitch [1] - 8619 pitches [2] - 10815 10817
place [6] - 167 1245 1333 1596 1624 18911
placed [1] - 1111 portion [4] - 2812 primarily [1] - 498 1797 proposing [14] -places [3] - 5717 666 1353 13818 primary [4] - 2910 pronged [2] - 802 1315 141 144 1064 1415 portions [2] - 215 1425 1521 8616 1417 174 179
plan [25] - 1011 1351 16212 proper [2] - 752 1710 1714 183 1719 187 2317 position [1] - 12111 principle [2] - 6017 1096 1261 1262 1687 2417 2418 255 possibility [2] - 2413 1837 properly [1] - 1473 18510 1881
2619 2815 292 17010 principles [1] - properties [9] - 1215 prospective [1] -2912 2916 3011 possible [11] - 5319 15611 1218 1717 782 9113 3111 3113 339 601 6815 9211 privacy [2] - 275 16512 16517 protect [2] - 14216 3910 3915 4111 9717 9718 9911 3617 17416 1794 14815 7015 9813 9815 13011 13012 private [7] - 3319 property [70] - 1319 proved [1] - 823 10517 10518 1416 1437 3618 376 377 142 144 154 provide [7] - 3910 1176 possibly [3] - 5811 3712 3717 3914 156 1813 2017 5418 615 645
planned [4] - 4818 1077 1479 privatization [1] - 2019 2111 223 6412 9211 1909 14110 1447 postpone [1] - 1246 14212 2218 233 241 providing [1] - 155 1708 potentially [2] - 611 pro [1] - 808 245 2419 257 provision [13] - 559
PLANNING [2] - 12 7414 pro-active [1] - 808 258 259 2517 5815 5915 642 1961 power [3] - 1005 problem [19] - 615 261 271 276 704 767 1078
Planning [21] - 47 17117 1892 686 719 7913 277 3317 3510 1298 15517 814 91 919 powerful [1] - 12812 803 8019 1099 443 455 4610 15614 16515 118 5314 5810 practical [3] - 4313 12115 12119 482 489 5014 17019 1721 12016 12219 11710 1854 1221 1223 562 614 6416 provisions [4] - 571 12618 1475 pre [3] - 7012 7110 13015 13210 6418 653 6611 17717 18111 15817 1672 1068 14218 1459 708 724 736 1896 1687 17310 pre-exempt [1] - 15414 1634 742 744 745 provocative [1] -1883 1886 1941 1068 1809 18214 755 7514 783 1314 19512 1964 pre-existing [2] - problematic [1] - 784 804 805 Public [4] - 14510 19616 7012 7110 12215 9311 10312 1967 1975
planning [4] - 303 predicate [1] - 1143 problems [5] - 679 1128 13810 19714 311 446 1844 preempt [1] - 18818 1216 12111 1414 1518 1657 public [17] - 103
plans [6] - 59 3018 preference [2] - 402 1226 1463 1661 1679 118 209 239 7014 1175 1179 12316 procedurally [1] - 17517 1791 5114 5713 5819 1182 premise [1] - 1202 1554 1792 1793 1796 595 6718 9014
plant [1] - 448 premises [1] - 17617 procedure [2] - 1797 17915 1112 12619 plantings [2] - 267 2619
pleased [1] - 304 plighting [1] - 8712 podium [1] - 2312 point [21] - 215 2115 2118 3518 6410 6519 6714 724 8415 8519 867 926 9314 1056 1077 1259 1491 1492 1663 1686 1882
pointed [2] - 895 1108
pointing [2] - 1592 16413
points [3] - 4714 796 1938
police [1] - 1005 policy [2] - 1184 1728
poor [2] - 839 8910 population [2] -1424 14815
porch [1] - 7614 porches [1] - 10611
prepared [1] - 3916 present [3] - 5813 14813 14814
presentation [5] -515 903 12211 14715 15411
presented [1] - 1529 presenting [1] - 521 Preston [2] - 111 44 PRESTON [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
pretty [12] - 6811 9616 12412 15810 15811 15815 15817 16014 16816 16819 17316 1864
prevents [1] - 735 previous [3] - 281 11418 14810
previously [2] -1584 18013
16812 17015 proceed [2] - 3119 527
process [26] - 203 204 207 249 2911 407 645 648 7610 8118 10013 1016 10311 10419 10917 10918 11414 11510 1168 1188 12014 12113 1247 16016 16413 17313
process-wise [1] -10013
produce [1] - 1036 produces [1] - 10217 productive [1] - 1712 professional [4] -868 1573 1611 1844
professionals [1] -11018
profit [1] - 14212 prohibiting [1] -
18118 1826 18210 18213
propertys [1] - 134 proponent [5] - 1617 3312 388 3910 9010
proponents [1] -9612
proposal [18] - 1513 195 2914 3216 338 9012 937 1013 1014 1277 15218 16318 16319 1685 1754 1771 17812
propose [4] - 452 1683 17018 18519
proposed [20] - 221 267 3319 5211 533 539 568 5716 7118 9314 9517 12413 1358 1367 1368 1618 1717 17217 18110 19212
1284 14216 14818
PUBLIC [1] - 26 publish [1] - 1673 pull [1] - 1938 pulling [1] - 1172 Purpose [1] - 7714 purpose [4] - 3411 5419 551 7812
purposes [1] - 275 pursuant [1] - 28 pursue [1] - 688 put [26] - 516 1010 1015 4213 4318 442 4913 5516 5910 681 8710 964 10214 10215 10216 10717 11311 1244 13615 14016 1474 15417 16915 17314 18813 18814
Putnam [7] - 27 119 1119 123 124 125 1215
14
putting [3] - 989 10219 1177
rating [1] - 582 ratio [2] - 665 667 rationale [1] - 523 rats [1] - 1472 re [3] - 5319 14615 1681
re-advertise [1] -1681
re-advertisement [1] -5319
re-craft [1] - 14615 reached [3] - 16716 17215 1874
reaction [2] - 1275 1812
read [8] - 33 748 13918 17716 1781 1785 18211 19616
reading [4] - 692 8514 19512 1964
ready [1] - 4912 real [13] - 74 418 4513 871 10010 11017 11018 11019 11511 11513 15417 15615 16210
reality [1] - 1725 realize [1] - 393 really [56] - 1716 365 366 3719 395 425 4811 587 6110 682 741 774 791 7913 7919 8111 832 857 8619 905 9710 9810 1014 10115 10414 10417 10617 1081 11114 11419 1164 11913 12115 1332 1513 15116 15216 1531 15310 15312 15410 15414 1577 15715 1592 1647 16411 16413 1786 18013 19119 1924 1925 19215 19218
Realty [1] - 72 rear [6] - 176 268 3318 413 4719 4816
reason [12] - 5511
669 1111 1308 1391 14010 14310 1638 1757 18312 19011 1965
REASON [6] - 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614 19615
reasonable [3] -6114 6611 11213
reasonably [1] -9114
reasons [2] - 10317 19513
recap [1] - 18713 RECEIVED [1] -19518
received [1] - 1846 recent [1] - 1742 recently [4] - 77 264 1404 14113
recess [3] - 111 114 519
recessed [1] - 3114 recognized [1] - 151 recollection [2] -9916 1007
recommend [13] -102 688 10413 12310 1266 1276 14612 1494 1502 15612 1616 1884 18913
recommendation [30] - 5112 5214 5215 5217 716 7918 814 8110 9016 9617 10017 12516 12518 1263 1293 15012 15211 15616 16015 16016 1615 16212 1731 1733 1843 18714 18715 18717 18917 18919
recommendations [6] - 10018 1464 1481 15918 17214 1926
recommended [5] -205 652 6516 6918 16113
recommending [4] -965 1528 15219 18018
reconfigure [1] - 93 reconstruction [1] -5416
record [3] - 1934 1957 19618
RECORD [1] - 118 recording [1] - 648 recourse [2] - 614 15719
redirect [1] - 8819 redrafted [1] - 7712 reduce [3] - 501 13010 13015
Reduction [1] - 29 reduction [2] - 144 1919
refer [2] - 11010 11012
Refer [1] - 1967 reference [4] - 7118 1067 1349 15019
referenced [1] -15916
references [1] - 1569 referred [3] - 5115 975 1101
referring [3] - 4914 11718 1774
refers [3] - 1074 11010 1777
reflected [1] - 877 reflecting [1] - 1751 reflection [1] - 217 reflects [1] - 1011 regard [1] - 7212 regarding [1] - 18716 regular [1] - 6710 regulate [1] - 6013 regulated [2] - 6010 6012
regulation [8] - 609 6016 6313 6314 13411 1566 1623 1632
regulations [9] - 505 5617 634 636 659 698 888 945 1562
regulatory [1] -17618
reinventing [1] -1563
relate [2] - 412 247 related [8] - 307 416 1272 1303 1305 15314 15319 1976
relates [4] - 757 759 1599
relating [2] - 509
5011 relative [2] - 226 10015
relief [7] - 1918 4915 806 1136 15715 1581 1909
rely [2] - 5312 16312
remain [2] - 188 1001
remains [2] - 6016 7210
remedy [1] - 14611 remedying [1] -14119
remember [5] - 617 813 97 8113 1646
remind [4] - 473 476 10013 1057
remove [3] - 31 34 176
removed [1] - 454 renovate [1] - 172 renovation [4] - 247 355 4716 10517
renovations [1] -2617
rental [3] - 1813 3318 364
renter [1] - 6419 renting [2] - 139 8218
REP [1] - 1962 repair [1] - 269 repairs [1] - 969 repeatedly [2] -10415 1429
rephrase [1] - 7315 REPLACE [1] -19516
replace [5] - 216 178 11313 11315 13016
replaced [1] - 9711 replacement [3] -601 956 11312
replacing [3] - 1713 923 1138
report [1] - 17119 reported [1] - 1156 Reporter [2] - 1974 19714
REPORTER [1] -19719
REPORTERS [1] -117
represent [1] - 2217 represented [1] -4011
Q
quadrupled [2] -1381 14519
quantify [1] - 12416 questions [17] - 51 2012 2015 2213 246 2410 536 6716 711 9819 1062 1248 1249 1314 15014
queue [1] - 17314 quick [24] - 2012 2014 5619 9819 10011 1089 10810 11016 11510 1545 15412 1553 15616 17514 1767 18010 18019 18314 18513 18514 18519 1869 1881 18819
quickly [2] - 9717 1235
quiet [4] - 4515 4518 466 1413
quite [8] - 2618 4114 4516 496 12417 13616 14011 1495
quoted [1] - 12712
R
rabbits [1] - 1342 raccoons [2] - 13318 radius [2] - 148 778 raised [5] - 5314 6512 13311 1663 18413
raising [2] - 1337 1845
Raising [1] - 512 ramifications [1] -18319
ran [2] - 135 136 range [2] - 622 668 Ranjit [3] - 11615 1199 19214
Ranjits [1] - 14816 rapidly [1] - 1416 rather [9] - 207 405 6011 6710 728 1307 1543 16916 1885
15
representing [1] -1117
REPRODUCTION [1] - 19718
request [8] - 2414 591 643 654 1274 14714 14716 14717
requested [1] - 99 requesting [1] - 1816 require [5] - 5318 9311 961 986 1176
Required [1] - 29 required [6] - 201 271 291 502 1179 14116
required) [1] - 1967 requirement [3] -927 9316 967
requirements [7] -2416 6510 702 7119 7211 986 1569
requires [5] - 9214 1143 1205 15712
research [1] - 917 reservations [1] -15210
residence [5] - 1313 1317 1416 1518 341
Residence [8] -1314 633 638 13614 13813 1774 17918
residential [24] -1812 195 196 4919 501 6212 6213 997 998 1298 12915 1301 1417 1651 1652 1657 1661 16614 1678 17616 1806 1818 18417
Residential [5] - 27 28 28 29 34
resolution [2] -11416 11417
resolved [4] - 6413 7415 1452
resolving [1] - 1192 respectful [2] - 412 18412
respects [2] - 331 334
respond [5] - 524 594 649 6716 12315
responding [1] -12315
Response [1] - 1488 response [5] - 5118 589 1274 14014 1937
Response) [1] - 3213 rest [6] - 608 655 10716 10717 14217 1509
restart [1] - 17312 restaurant [1] - 9810 restrict [1] - 10311 Restrictions [2] - 32 34
restrictions [3] -1154 1155 17818
result [1] - 817 results [1] - 10519 retail [7] - 517 61 62 64 66 69 712
retain [1] - 5310 retaining [1] - 6218 reuse [1] - 175 reuses [1] - 4114 review [4] - 7015 808 9510 16617
reviewed [3] - 918 1095 16512
reviewing [2] - 7015 13418
reviews [1] - 1063 revised [2] - 12318 15211
revision [2] - 58 15011
revisions [3] - 531 13719 15212
rewrite [1] - 1103 rewriting [1] - 1901 rezoning [1] - 818 rhythm [1] - 1339 rightful [1] - 1596 rights [3] - 4613 4615 5014
risk [1] - 1277 ROBERT [1] - 1446 Robert [2] - 1447 15313
Roberts [5] - 5116 529 1823 1937 19315
ROBERTS [31] - 528 6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514
9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
rodent [2] - 1457 1458
Roger [1] - 116 roof [3] - 221 317 1198
roofing [1] - 436 roofs [1] - 3115 rooftop [3] - 387 389 3810
room [4] - 6710 8512 1194 1533
rotted [1] - 302 roughly [1] - 126 round [1] - 1858 routes [1] - 159 rubbish [2] - 1459 14512
Rule [1] - 7910 rule [2] - 197 485 Rules [1] - 547 rules [5] - 569 588 9217 976 14814
run [2] - 1099 1189 runs [1] - 1591 RUSSELL [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693
1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831 1835 1863 1866 18612 18616 18619 1873 18812 18819 18915 1903 1908 1912 1916 1919 1936 19314
Russell [4] - 17 42 1336 14413
section [7] - 7712 7716 7810 1158 11719 14614 1777
Sections [1] - 215 security [1] - 871 see [42] - 68 2317 259 2611 284 2815 3214 359 4812 766 7615 7913 7917 8819 9614 1017 1023 1024 10217 10411 1071 10815 10816 10819 11014 1125 1161 1162 1174 1271 1273 13211 1439 1493 16010 16617 17417 17418 17419 18410 1857 19019
seeing [1] - 1862 seek [1] - 208 seeking [1] - 1919 seem [4] - 913 1554 1558 19010
sell [1] - 1183 semi [3] - 377 3712 3717
semi-private [3] -377 3712 3717
send [6] - 1016 896 11812 1193 18313 19218
sending [1] - 15917 Senior [1] - 15 sense [6] - 355 3918 12513 15013 1718 17216
sensor [1] - 1072 sent [2] - 5212 16115
sentence [2] - 12117 18315
sentences [2] - 7717 15618
sentiment [1] - 903 separate [1] - 694 separation [1] - 6212 September [1] -19711
series [3] - 1211 1618 11611
serious [2] - 13214 1333
seriously [1] - 12914
S
Sacramento [1] - 515 safe [1] - 3317 safety [6] - 591 1112 1113 1332 1335 1423
SAM [1] - 3416 Sam [2] - 353 366 SAME [2] - 353 19718
sat [2] - 11514 11515
saw [2] - 772 16613 scattered [1] - 14014 scenario [1] - 5913 schedule [1] - 477 scheduled [1] - 112 schematic [1] - 2915 School [1] - 13310 science [1] - 15910 scope [11] - 5311 5316 5318 9210 9516 10618 1117 1666 16618 1735 17617
scratch [1] - 16718 screen [2] - 786 792 scrutiny [1] - 1749 Sean [1] - 13118 Seated [1] - 1917 seated [1] - 115 second [10] - 129 183 5016 5017 912 10210 1317 13110 15515 1628
secondly [3] - 909 1049 1292
Section [16] - 28 29 29 32 33 548 7117 7119 7713 831 11816 1355 1681 17816 18410
16
servant [1] - 14818 serve [1] - 16819 serves [1] - 9913 Services [4] - 941 9812 14510 15718
servicing [1] - 488 session [1] - 1888 set [10] - 558 729 7210 8812 11914 1619 16114 16116 1979 19711
setback [2] - 2416 272
sets [1] - 8811 setting [1] - 6618 sever [1] - 14613 several [5] - 121 573 908 10711 14811
shadow [2] - 10217 1036
shall [12] - 209 5411 5413 5414 7119 737 1068 12712 17617 17819 1796
share [2] - 4716 1533
shared [3] - 95 2110 19117
shed [2] - 1197 sheet [4] - 1058 11817 1965 1966
Sheet [4] - 1952 1955 19513 1968
SHEET [3] - 1951 19517 1963
shielded [1] - 894 shielding [1] - 7212 shine [1] - 875 shines [1] - 1389 shining [2] - 859 1035
shirts [1] - 1468 shocking [1] - 1813 shop [1] - 69 short [4] - 114 519 15613 1671
short-term [1] -15613
shortcomings [1] -14419
Shorthand [2] -1974 19714
shorthand [1] -13419
shortly [3] - 106
2618 1463 shot [1] - 1209 shoulder [1] - 4215 show [3] - 9813 9815 1384
showed [3] - 275 10912
shown [4] - 3010 3012 3916 12110
shows [4] - 158 3911 792 12212
shrubs [2] - 481 4812
side [11] - 125 128 1210 1212 1712 1715 2016 3816 437 904 14410
sides [1] - 255 sidetrack [1] - 13519 Sieniewicz [3] - 110 44 1336
SIENIEWICZ [15] -2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
sighted [1] - 13317 sign [4] - 9914 1004 19513
Sign [1] - 1966 SIGNATURE [1] -1951
signed [1] - 1956 SIGNED [1] - 19517 significant [4] -2819 5519 5612 14917
significantly [1] -13015
Signs [1] - 218 signs [2] - 1001 10912
similar [2] - 655 1542
simple [5] - 1119 1537 1631 17110 17111
simplicity [1] - 11110 simply [7] - 3811 8918 14119 1452 14612 18216
Singanayagam [1] -14719
single [4] - 1317 1416 1518 1719
single-family [3] -1317 1416 1518
sit [1] - 1537
site [5] - 109 1817 7015 7113 1155
Sitting [1] - 42 situation [4] - 335 5818 7012 818
situations [1] - 8010 six [6] - 1211 406 479 1131 11819 1288
six-story [1] - 1288 size [3] - 1818 1382 1461
skill [1] - 19710 skin [1] - 14411 skip [1] - 583 skipping [1] - 549 sky [7] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 1043 10412 1337
sleep [1] - 1339 sleeping [1] - 1342 slide [1] - 11418 slipped [1] - 1003 small [7] - 361 578 1054 10812 1165 1518 1519
smaller [3] - 2216 9910 16116
smart [1] - 447 sneak [1] - 11015 so [1] - 698 socialization [1] -14213
sodium [1] - 12813 sole [1] - 19112 Solet [3] - 1317 1319 1428
SOLET [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
Solicitor [2] - 16913 1734
Solicitors [1] -16616
solicitors [1] - 1094 solution [1] - 16213 solve [5] - 685 686 8119 1226 1462
solving [1] - 8316 someone [6] - 4913 7518 8817 9213 987 13818
someplace [1] -16818
sometime [1] - 13515 sometimes [5] - 443 444 5216 6210 11313
somewhat [1] - 1047 somewhere [2] -
8410 17011 sonar [1] - 10215 soon [1] - 413 sooner [1] - 6710 sorry [11] - 2014 574 6712 712 737 1066 1258 1347 13917 17712 1803
sort [26] - 76 2513 605 6017 6318 726 729 774 7716 856 8512 864 8615 9119 946 974 978 11614 13411 13419 14017 1553 16716 16719 18318 1842
sorts [2] - 281 15519
sought [1] - 4915 sound [2] - 5012 1542
sounds [2] - 1864 18811
source [4] - 8415 8513 8517 1307
south [1] - 125 southern [1] - 4813 space [19] - 518 61 64 152 154 225 2517 301 304 334 3313 3315 343 3511 3618 377 4012 4614 495
Space [1] - 27 spaces [6] - 66 1418 156 171 3715 3914
speaker [1] - 15919 speakers [1] - 1349 speaking [2] - 14517 1693
special [6] - 647 1297 1369 13610 1382 1707
Special [11] - 27 813 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 758
specific [8] - 4914 5513 617 648 6910 9518 18510 1884
specifically [4] - 509 5010 824 1933
specified [1] - 9310 specify [4] - 461 598 9310 9518
spend [2] - 10914 1192
spent [2] - 5714 1092
spill [5] - 6613 6614 7213 7216 7819
spilling [3] - 6610 781 7814
spoken [2] - 2718 909
spot [1] - 615 spots [1] - 3115 spread [1] - 858 springs [1] - 1158 Square [1] - 1762 square [7] - 126 192 198 1912 2216 2316 855
SS [1] - 1973 Staff [1] - 115 staff [15] - 5116 5117 713 717 918 11617 11619 12316 14115 14814 1503 1525 16311 16615 18317
staffs [1] - 752 stair [1] - 149 stairs [1] - 3011 stance [1] - 1635 standard [15] - 1914 6114 621 6515 6516 6612 6613 7218 747 7411 863 1255 1393 1395 17418
standards [17] -5312 558 5716 581 587 598 618 622 624 7210 733 869 8812 1437 1471 17413
standing [3] - 773 8216 10818
start [7] - 914 294 3217 521 14910 1563 16718
started [2] - 1131 16413
starting [1] - 17810 starts [4] - 5213 559 573 1753
State [1] - 12711 state [4] - 546 548
17
559 697 statement [1] - 1908 statements [1] -19618
stations [1] - 158 status [5] - 810 922 1365 13610 1397
stay [1] - 477 stenographic [1] -1979
step [2] - 5619 16513
Steve [6] - 3716 423 8912 9017 1576 1592
Steves [3] - 16318 16319 1855
STEVEN [50] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 185 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3217 3717 4015 4110 4117 459 473 8717 885 8912 8914 8917 9019 9219 938 9313 9417 957 9512 963 9818 1017 1347 1547 16715 17015 17116 17211 17712 1781 1786 1811 18311 1851 1895 18914 19016
Steven [4] - 19 110 43 44
still [19] - 697 765 9812 1046 11417 12111 1504 1506 15014 16810 16812 17317 1755 1773 1774 17915 1823 1861
stone [1] - 289 stop [1] - 6715 stopgap [7] - 15013 15412 1553 15613 16713 16811 1691
storage [1] - 345 store [2] - 77 1511 storefront [2] - 1211 1714
stories [1] - 181 story [6] - 1210
1311 1719 183 1815 1288
straight [3] - 6413 1476 1926
straightforward [1] -6013
strain [1] - 1413 straining [1] - 776 strategies [1] - 1623 Street [17] - 216 57 516 72 714 125 1218 2316 2318 1087 12615 12617 1319 13316 1399 13915 1402
street [7] - 1284 14514 17615 1793 1795 17910 17911
stress [1] - 15716 strict [2] - 971 986 strikes [1] - 14418 strobe [1] - 1075 struck [2] - 992 15410
structural [1] - 5416 structure [20] - 1311 1316 1416 1516 1610 1616 175 1710 184 1815 196 198 337 501 5417 5418 925 948 949 18115
Structures [1] - 28 structures [8] - 5411 5512 6014 7111 7911 999 1752 1753
Stuart [2] - 116 1606
stuck [1] - 14812 students [1] - 14219 studied [2] - 9011 study [6] - 1531 1579 1581 1585 16815 16817
stuff [7] - 817 8218 8310 10015 11110 11317 1196
stuffs [1] - 1098 subdivided [1] - 189 subject [2] - 9011 15212
submit [4] - 12016 12516 17311 1887
submitted [3] - 3919
17219 subscribe [1] -19617
subsequently [1] -138
substance [1] -17217
substantial [3] -5415 932 13817
substantially [6] -5419 551 552 6617 9015 9410
substituted [1] -12015
subtle [1] - 10813 suburban [1] - 671 suddenly [2] - 1761 1805
sue [1] - 11212 sued [2] - 11215 11218
suffer [1] - 14217 sufficient [3] - 147 14815 1571
suggest [6] - 11916 11919 12012 1886
suggested [4] -5816 16514 1676 18219
suggestion [6] -5918 613 716 15319 16219 17213
suggestions [2] -5219 15912
suing [1] - 11211 Sullivan [5] - 2311 2315 3916 409 421
SULLIVAN [15] -2314 258 2519 263 266 279 2714 2814 305 315 3110 3117 329 491 493
Sullivans [4] - 376 412 4315 4718
summarized [1] -497
summer [2] - 18511 18514
sun [1] - 4813 sunset [3] - 9918 1095 10910
superintendent [1] -839
Superintendent [1] -983
Superior [1] - 11415 supersede [1] - 728
supersedes [2] -6313 7311
superseding [1] -697
supplied [1] - 19513 support [5] - 12510 12511 1527 1627 1769
supposed [6] -10818 1091 11016 11017 11510 1168
surface [3] - 2811 857 859
surprised [1] - 13211 surprising [1] - 4014 survey [1] - 263 surveyed [2] - 251 257
surveyor [1] - 254 surveyors [1] - 483 suspect [2] - 1415 1431
switch [1] - 1144
17713 18115 1822 18512 18719 1891 1923 19211 1934 19316
Teagues [1] - 1271 tear [2] - 173 175 technical [12] - 8519 862 867 911 912 916 10416 14115 1568 1612 16814 16912
technology [1] -14012
Ted [5] - 15217 15313 1811 18312 1854
Teds [2] - 5017 1699
telescope [1] - 1044 temporary [4] -16216 1633 16313 1719
ten [6] - 111 475 1085 10911 11914 13516
tenant [3] - 1312 4017 10312
tenants [1] - 3816 tenants [11] - 1312 1411 1413 282 343 3417 3419 356 363 4613 1042
tend [2] - 5215 10212
tends [1] - 6211 term [8] - 32 34 1158 14217 15613 17318 18517 1888
terms [9] - 216 217 225 6119 779 846 985 1207 1615
testified [1] - 18014 testimony [9] - 2010 239 6718 6814 1114 13814 19513 1965 1978
text [24] - 32 35 5213 5214 534 568 6113 6116 6218 639 6310 7416 1368 1374 1483 16112 16118 16412 17815 1885 1887
T
table [1] - 4016 tackle [2] - 12218 talks [6] - 5815 6316 1078 17615 17916 18119
tall [2] - 4217 4814 tandem [4] - 1411 1417 1419 432
Taylor [4] - 12615 12616 13111 1325
TAYLOR [9] - 12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
TEAGUE [4] - 1081 1085 1265 12611
Teague [40] - 213 5113 524 10719 1086 11116 11517 12110 1221 1224 1227 12311 1259 1267 1304 1411 14912 1502 15010 1528 15311 1626 1646 16412 1667 1697 17611 17618 17710 17711
18
THE [10] - 12 118 1613 673 19516 19717 19718 19719
themselves [1] -1238
THEODORE [28] -76 87 913 101 1018 5016 712 7214 739 7315 7318 7417 1065 1375 1499 1662 17319 17512 1773 17715 17912 1803 1819 18215 1833 18310 1865 18912
theodore [1] - 18 Theodore [1] - 42 theory [1] - 1169 therefor [2] - 19513 1965
therefore [2] - 1366 1391
thereof [1] - 1956 thesis [1] - 11318 theyve [4] - 99 1010 12317
thinking [4] - 522 10713 14413 1835
thinks [1] - 14813 third [6] - 141 143 1817 202 203 16219
THIS [2] - 19516 19717
thoughtful [1] - 1899 thoughts [1] - 14415 thousands [1] -12715
three [11] - 98 156 1715 187 2113 243 489 999 10410 1254 1622
three-foot [2] - 1715 2113
throughout [2] -12912 1768
throw [2] - 15315 18212
throwing [1] - 1477 Tibbs [2] - 18 115 TIBBS [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371
8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
tied [1] - 593 tieing [1] - 7511 tile [4] - 10214 10216 10217 10218
timekeeper [1] - 474 timing [1] - 107 tiny [1] - 1025 title [1] - 33 TO [2] - 1961 19718 today [4] - 393 9613 11819 13819
together [2] - 441 10713
TOM [15] - 2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
Tom [2] - 110 43 tonight [6] - 403 4119 12317 15213 15912 16210
took [2] - 1124 14413
tools [1] - 15713 top [1] - 216 touch [1] - 9811 touches [1] - 133 towards [2] - 2218 13610
town [3] - 1093 1094 11216
towns [1] - 1094 traffic [1] - 1029 training [1] - 14117 transcript [9] - 82 1935 1959 19514 1964 1966 1967 19616 19617
Transcript [1] - 25 TRANSCRIPT [2] -19516 19718
transcription [1] -1979
transcripts [2] - 84 85
trash [1] - 345 treated [1] - 6915 trees [4] - 483 8712
8715 8716 trespass [4] - 5113 704 707 10414
trial [1] - 1132 tried [1] - 1107 trigger [4] - 926 9314 9316 9510
triggered [1] - 11712 triggers [1] - 1056 trim [1] - 441 trip [1] - 10513 triple [2] - 1216 1217
trivial [1] - 10812 trouble [3] - 431 1104 11412
true [2] - 6417 1979 try [16] - 207 538 5913 5919 676 719 845 875 9210 9515 9717 981 12217 1466 1624 18517
trying [18] - 168 626 8118 822 8316 10015 10019 11014 11210 1218 12914 1385 1413 1492 15812 17519 18010 18012
Tuesday [1] - 13 turkeys [1] - 13318 turn [4] - 674 836 8513 1606
turning [3] - 148 1517 1541
tweak [1] - 12316 two [37] - 1013 1310 1312 1319 1412 1417 159 1719 1812 2011 2014 222 3115 3315 3318 3519 362 4317 4318 743 796 802 8616 10712 10916 1134 1349 1405 14013 1533 1534 1548 15617 16418 1817 18316 1869
two-family [1] - 222 two-pronged [2] -802 8616
two-unit [1] - 3519 type [3] - 9918 1034 1037
types [2] - 9413 9415
typically [2] - 359 4411
U
ultimate [1] - 16213 ultimately [1] - 7218 unable [2] - 1119 1904
unaware [1] - 13412 unclear [1] - 8212 uncomfortable [4] -776 17513 1764 18017
unconcern [1] -13210
under [30] - 188 296 3011 462 4613 4616 6111 664 6619 696 719 7216 7410 764 9118 1003 1005 1127 11212 11218 11914 1209 1353 1367 1501 15110 16910 17617 17710 1847
UNDER [1] - 19718 undergoing [1] - 104 underlying [1] - 1351 underneath [1] -1354
undersigned [1] -1974
understood [1] -1293
underutilized [1] -1517
unenforceable [1] -1638
unfortunately [1] -1119
uninstalled [1] -8814
unintended [2] -5811 1841
unit [19] - 142 143 1817 192 1913 203 228 2210 309 3016 3314 3519 364 3616 417 853 8613 8614 999
Unit [1] - 211 units [15] - 210 210 1310 1319 187 1812 1817 199
1912 227 317 3318 359 3510 503
University [2] - 104 109
unless [3] - 9912 1004 12112
UNLESS [1] - 19718 unnecessarily [1] -7819
unreasonable [1] -6613
unreasonably [1] -1517
unusual [1] - 2414 up [53] - 66 713 1010 226 3015 3814 4318 537 541 5713 5718 6217 6511 674 681 727 786 7814 7919 8513 865 8615 8710 8814 924 9217 995 10011 10214 1051 10715 11311 11316 12113 13018 1311 13314 1384 14315 15114 15418 1556 1558 15917 1645 16513 17012 17111 18012 18016 1915 1929
Update [1] - 23 update [2] - 49 1017 updates [2] - 1015 1016
upset [1] - 11114 urban [1] - 3719 urgent [1] - 14019 users [2] - 3411 14214
uses [11] - 1811 5411 5513 5518 7110 7115 8613 997 1009 10415 1408
utilities [1] - 1047 utilize [1] - 9216
V
vague [1] - 19216 valet [1] - 91 valiant [1] - 1218 valid [2] - 911 8312 valuable [1] - 19218
19
van [3] - 11515 1702 1914
VAN [5] - 1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
vapor [1] - 12813 variance [1] - 208 Variance [2] - 204 11910
variety [1] - 618 various [2] - 416 16310
verge [1] - 1814 verify [2] - 6019 897 versed [1] - 699 version [4] - 12013 12214 1696 17112
versions [1] - 17811 versus [4] - 7612 8117 827 1113
vertically [1] - 864 Vice [1] - 18 victim [1] - 6810 Victorian [2] - 127 139
view [3] - 2818 4910 7310
views [1] - 16110 violation [14] - 745 767 11412 1278 12815 13113 13118 1321 13410 13518 1361 1362 13611 14915
violations [6] - 1165 12715 12818 1327 13217 1449
violators [1] - 13212 visible [1] - 1116 visually [1] - 6019 volume [5] - 184 674 19512 19514 1966
vote [2] - 401 1814 voting [3] - 4118 513 15311
1534 1535 1536 1758 18814
wash [1] - 857 wattage [2] - 8412 13010
watts [1] - 842 ways [5] - 214 5513 15816 16319 17113
wear [1] - 1469 week [2] - 510 1016 weeks [5] - 1013 406 11819 13317 1869
weighing [2] - 14619 1472
weight [1] - 1689 weird [1] - 853 Wellens [3] - 13911 13913 1401
WELLENS [4] -13912 13916 13919 14316
whatevers [1] -10716
whatsoever [2] -1455 17516
wheel [2] - 1564 WHEN [1] - 19517 WHEREOF [1] -19711
whole [9] - 305 467 769 9111 1122 11315 1167 11912 1305
wholeheartedly [2] -8014 1576
width [3] - 4314 4316 458
wife [2] - 2317 13619
wildlife [2] - 13312 William [2] - 18 115 WILLIAM [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371 8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
WILLIAMS [4] - 3513 3517 3610 3614
Williams [2] - 3514 1399
wind [1] - 14314
window [8] - 1713 2017 284 5911 952 956 958 1798
windows [1] - 383 WINTER [19] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3717 4015 4110 4117 473 8914 8917
Winter [2] - 19 43 WINTERS [25] - 514 65 611 616 79 711 718 374 422 428 4216 4312 456 8319 8610 8714 8718 8810 8910 13017 1311 14314 1446 1539 15318
winters [1] - 15511 Winters [4] - 19 43 1447 15313
wipe [1] - 1117 wise [1] - 10013 wish [4] - 3212 13910 1445 1486
wished [1] - 9612 wishes [1] - 532 wisteria [1] - 442 WITH [1] - 19516 withdrawing [1] -12513
withstanding [1] -1595
WITNESS [1] - 19711 wonder [3] - 292 3019 14416
wonderful [1] - 4111 wondering [5] - 810 2618 10116 1666 16715
wood [3] - 301 346 348
wooden [1] - 2611 word [1] - 10614 words [2] - 14414 1838
works [3] - 9114 11115 15816
Works [1] - 14511 world [3] - 468 1044 1897
worried [1] - 1519 worries [1] - 14511 worth [2] - 6518 772 write [6] - 10015
10513 1225 15518 1561 1929
write-up [1] - 1929 writing [4] - 10019 1247 1323 13918
written [19] - 362 5118 555 723 747 757 768 929 937 9515 1217 1224 1373 13712 13714 13718 1567 18719 19217
wrote [2] - 1153 1163
wwwreportersinc com [1] - 119
Y
yard [12] - 1410 245 2418 2716 291 3318 3519 363 3615 3616 415 8712
yards [2] - 3710 3816
year [4] - 98 8711 1405 1578
years [12] - 98 2319 251 10911 10916 1134 12819 13516 1405 14013 15814 1895
yellow [1] - 1058 yourself [1] - 914
Z
Zelinski [2] - 1974 19713
zero [1] - 12010 Zipcar [1] - 1510 Zone [2] - 14313 1448
zones [7] - 625 12915 12917 1301 1438 1439 14311
Zoning [109] - 24 213 52 55 818 4013 505 534 546 547 5410 5413 554 556 588 5912 5914 6219 642 643 6411 6417 684
6816 695 6914 6915 702 7016 719 7113 758 774 812 822 8314 866 8816 904 945 947 9416 9510 9518 962 972 9916 1052 1054 10512 10514 1061 1098 11118 11217 1164 11816 12411 12511 1278 12719 12815 1296 12911 1306 13419 1356 1369 1407 14113 1426 14417 1454 14518 1462 1465 14611 14614 14710 14918 1501 1509 15019 1543 1552 1555 15519 15615 15810 15817 15818 1597 15914 1616 1617 16112 16117 16118 1649 1659 1687 17718 17813 18011 18510 1884
zoning [2] - 6819 1005
W
wait [1] - 1897 waiting [1] - 15019 walk [1] - 885 walking [1] - 1511 walkways [1] - 17411 wall [5] - 262 681 6810 851 1828
wants [6] - 492
20
5
no questions then well go to the next item
on our agenda which is the Board of Zoning
Appeal cases
LIZA PADEN These are the Board of
Zoning Appeal cases to be heard on July 25th
The case at the bottom is the 288 Norfolk
Street And that case is going to come back
to you in August with a revision to their
plans This was the one that you looked at
last week and had some constructive
criticism
Are there any other cases that the
Board would like to look at
PAMELA WINTERS Liza I have a
question I just -- the 38 Sacramento
Street I have to put my glasses on I
think its a good idea for -- is that retail
space now empty
LIZA PADEN Yes So its been a
6
retail space over time on that location So
even though its in the C-1 it has a retail
facade in that ground floor that corner
retail space
PAMELA WINTERS Well Im always
you know up for having retail spaces
particularly in that neighborhood So my
feeling is that I would like to see that
filled if it is a retail shop
LIZA PADEN Yes
PAMELA WINTERS I dont know if my
colleagues agree with me but I would like to
encourage that
HUGH RUSSELL Youre probably
living closer to that spot than any of us
PAMELA WINTERS Yes What was it
before Liza do you remember
LIZA PADEN Its been a variety of
things
7
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Liza
that used to be the Oxford Street Realty
office right
LIZA PADEN Yes real estate and
insurance office Thank you
H THEODORE COHEN Its been sort
of a kids clothing store most recently I
think
PAMELA WINTERS Right
LIZA PADEN Right Thank you
PAMELA WINTERS Well I would just
like to encourage retail you know that
being filled up so thats it
And well be getting the Norfolk Street
one later
LIZA PADEN August 6th its going
to come back to you
PAMELA WINTERS Okay thank you
LIZA PADEN Thats it
8
HUGH RUSSELL Thats it
Is there a transcript
LIZA PADEN And were working
through the transcripts So theres no new
transcripts yet
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
H THEODORE COHEN Liza can I ask
a question There was an article in the
Cambridge Chronicle about the Kaya Ka Hotel
I was wondering if you knew what the status
of that was
LIZA PADEN So the Kaya Ka Hotel I
dont remember exactly when the Special
Permit was granted by the Planning Board but
theres been a Special Permit for the use and
some dimensional changes in the Overlay
District which were the result of the
rezoning for that particular Zoning District
And then they came back for an amendment to
9
the Planning Board to address the valet
parking arrangement that they wanted to have
in the basement and they had to reconfigure
the driveway because their desire to have a
shared driveway with the abutter it fell
through So that Special Permit I dont
know if you remember but at the end of the
year for the last three years I believe
theyve come in and theyve requested an
extension of the Special Permit So thats a
valid permit and its -- the expiration date
is now December of 2013
H THEODORE COHEN And the article
indicated they were about to start
construction
LIZA PADEN Right We have not
seen the construction drawings yet and we
havent reviewed them for the conditions of
the Planning Board Special Permit
10
H THEODORE COHEN And on another
matter I recommend to all my colleagues and
all the public to take a look at the church
next to Lesley University which is undergoing
a lot of activity and it looks like its
about to be moved shortly
Do you have any timing on that
LIZA PADEN No But Lesley
University has an extensive construction site
that theyve put up on-line and they have an
overall construction plan that covers the
entire duration of the construction and then
they have the next two weeks in action So
theres also an e-mail list that you can
access there and get put on updates of when
they send out the updates every week youll
get an update
H THEODORE COHEN Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL I guess well take a
11
ten or an eight minute recess until 720 for
our next scheduled business
LIZA PADEN Right
(A short recess was taken)
(William Tibbs seated)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay the magic hour
has arrived It is now 720 and we can go on
to our 720 public hearing Planning Board
case 282 533 Putnam Avenue
GREGORY COLLING Hi Would it be
better if I placed the boards facing the
audience I didnt bring an easel with me
HUGH RUSSELL Liza will assist you
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
My name is Greg Colling Im an
architect with Merrimack Design based in
Amesbury Massachusetts and Im representing
Lianne Bensley Shes the owner of 533
Putnam Avenue Shes unfortunately unable to
12
attend this evening but several members of
her family are here on her behalf
So 533 Putnam Avenue is on -- well
Putnam Avenue between Brookline and Acorn
Street Its on the south side of Putnam
Avenue Its roughly a 5000 square foot
lot It has a Victorian half house on one
side Its a half a house Its built in
1869 Its a second empire house And then
on the left side of the lot is a one-story
storefront building that has a series of six
garage bays on the back side of it that have
been added That was built initially in
1922
The abutting properties are 539 Putnam
Avenue Its a triple decker Its a green
triple decker on the left And then the
other abutting properties are on Acorn Street
which is behind the half house
13
LIZA PADEN This is Acorn
GREGORY COLLING And its also --
the corner touches 285 Brookline The
propertys been owned by Li Bensley since
1996 Her husband whos now deceased ran a
construction business with Li and they ran
that business there until 2004 And she
subsequently moved out of Cambridge and has
been renting the Victorian house The half
house is actually two dwelling units And
then the one-story accessory structure is --
has two tenants and it has a business tenant
Its a non-conforming use The residence is
in a Residence C District
So the owner is proposing to convert
the non-conforming accessory structure into a
single-family owner-occupied residence which
is non-conforming Its because there are
two units already on the property So this
14
would be a -- were proposing to add a third
unit on the property
And in addition to adding a third unit
on the property were proposing a reduction
in parking Currently there is a driveway a
12-foot driveway that goes from the front of
the lot to the back There isnt sufficient
turning radius to enter the garage bays
because of an egress stair and a deck that
was built in the yard so currently its used
as tandem parking for the business tenants
According to the owner the two apartment
tenants do not use the driveway at all
So were hoping to -- that youll
allow us to convert this non-conforming
structure into a single-family residence
Were proposing to have two tandem parking
spaces for the use of the owner which I
understand that tandem parking isnt allowed
15
or its not recognized as a legal parking
space So it would be in effect were
continuing the same amount of parking which
is one legal parking space on that property
In addition were providing bicycle parking
on the property for three bicycle spaces
And there is also -- theres a map that weve
brought that shows the bus stations that are
nearby There are two bus routes that are
nearby and also Zipcar locations and theres
a grocery store thats within walking
distance
So we feel that our proposal will
minimally impact the neighborhood We feel
that taking a non-conforming accessory
structure thats deteriorated and
underutilized and turning that into a
single-family residence will be an
enhancement to the neighborhood and to the
16
community
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
STEVEN WINTER May I ask a
question
I want to make sure that I know which
building which place youre talking about
and Im just trying to get my head around
what it is and where it is Is this the
structure that used to be a news distribution
-- newspaper distribution back in the day
Does anybody know that
MEMBER FROM THE AUDIENCE Yes
STEVEN WINTER So I know what that
is now So the only work that were talking
about doing is not to the larger structure
which is owned by the proponent but the work
is on that series of --
GREGORY COLLING Correct
17
STEVEN WINTER -- spaces And is
it to renovate existing bricks and mortar or
is it to tear down and build new
GREGORY COLLING Were proposing to
reuse the existing structure and not tear it
down We do have to remove -- in the rear
corner the deterioration is such that we have
to replace the masonry in the back of the
building But were proposing to work within
the existing structure Were not proposing
any changes to the front of the bidding other
than taking out a door on the side and
replacing that with a window to match the
storefront And we are proposing a
three-foot overhang on the driveway side
which is invisible really to any any
adjacent properties as a covered entry
STEVEN WINTER And is this is the
plan then for one single story not two
18
stories
GREGORY COLLING Correct Were
not proposing a second story Were working
with then the existing volume structure
STEVEN COHEN In your application
you describe this as being an owner-occupied
Is that the plan that the three units will
remain under common ownership Its not
being you know the lots being subdivided
or condoized or --
GREGORY COLLING No the owner uses
the other two existing residential units on
the property for rental income and then she
will continue that and she will be living in
the one-story accessory structure
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre requesting a
third unit on the site but also all the units
will be less than the minimum area size is
that correct
19
GREGORY COLLING Right theyre
less than 1800 square feet per unit Right
WILLIAM TIBBS Okay
HUGH RUSSELL This is a 528
proposal on a conversion of a non-residential
structure for residential use so its looked
at differently There the rule is that you
can divide the structure into 1100 square
foot units
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL And the actual gross
area is for 300 units -- 320 square feet is
going to be one unit so it meets that
standard
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
(Ahmed Nur Seated)
HUGH RUSSELL So the relief youre
seeking is a conversion reduction of the
20
required parking and 5822 and thats
(inaudible) The third thing is the getting
the third unit by Special Permit process not
by a Variance process
GREGORY COLLING It was recommended
by the Building Inspector that I go through
the Special Permit process rather than try to
seek a variance
HUGH RUSSELL Shall we go to public
testimony
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have two
quick questions
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
TOM SIENIEWICZ Sorry two quick
questions One the openings on the it
would be looks like the east side of the
property the window openings those are
existing the ones that are close to the
property
21
GREGORY COLLING Correct
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay And then can
you just --
STEVEN WINTER Which ones are
these Could you point that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ The ones at the top
of the drawing
STEVEN WINTER Yes okay Thank
you
LIZA PADEN This is the shared
property line
TOM SIENIEWICZ And then the
extension of the three-foot overhang on the
-- over the door is --
GREGORY COLLING Want me to point
that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ If you could just
point that out
GREGORY COLLING Yeah that
22
proposed cantilever roof is right here This
is the existing two-family house thats on
the property
TOM SIENIEWICZ Yes
And so then in terms of the open space
how does that divide up relative to the
units on the -- is it assigned to one of
every unit
GREGORY COLLING Its assigned to
this unit
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Are there any other
questions
STEVEN WINTER Actually I do
Mr Chair just one more
The smaller dark square does that
represent a part of the buildings on the
property Its down towards the bottom
LIZA PADEN This
23
STEVEN WINTER Yes that
GREGORY COLLING Thats an abutting
property Thats 186
STEVEN WINTER Thats not what
were talking about
GREGORY COLLING Correct
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Okay so were going
to go to public testimony And by
coincidence the first person to speak is
Mark Sullivan who lives at (Inaudible) Go
to the podium and give your name and your
address
MARK SULLIVAN Good evening Im
Mark Sullivan the owner and occupier of 6
and 8 Acorn Street which is the black square
on the plan that we see there My wife Ann
and I own 6 and 8 Acorn Street Weve -- in
October will be 29 years in the neighborhood
24
That property is very familiar to me We
look out every morning as I make coffee and
all of our -- all three the bedrooms in the
house are very very closely directly
overlook the yard part of the property And
thats thats where most of my questions
relate to for this renovation And this is
the first time Ive been involved in such a
process so Im -- pardon me if Im not asking
the right questions whatever they may be
I guess -- so theres a couple of
things that Im interested to know about if
theres a possibility given this building is
unusual and theres a request for a you
know a different approach if in that case
any setback requirements are different
Because if we if we look on the plan the
yard plan that hedge that is close to my
house -- I dont think that property line has
25
been surveyed in the 29 years that Ive been
there And it just seems to me that -- and
if Im correct it almost looks like theres
some surveyor marks on some of the other
sides of the plan
GREGORY COLLING We had the
property surveyed
MARK SULLIVAN The property between
Liannes property and mine I didnt see
numbers here
GREGORY COLLING I believe it was
HUGH RUSSELL With the Boards
indulgence I think we can allow this sort of
dialogue
TOM SIENIEWICZ Thats fine
GREGORY COLLING This is your
property right here and you have space behind
your house
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
26
GREGORY COLLING The property line
is right against the party wall
MARK SULLIVAN Okay so that survey
was done recently
GREGORY COLLING Right
MARK SULLIVAN So with the
plantings that are proposed the -- one of my
concerns is being able to access the rear of
my house for necessary repair you know
painting etcetera etcetera Currently its
a wooden deck which you can see in I think
its your photo 10 that you have in the
package which will also give you an idea of
how close we are in this little enclave So
my concern is obviously not wanting to cause
any damage to that if -- and I do need to do
some renovations to the exterior of my house
quite shortly So again Im wondering if
the plan is to bring those plantings right to
27
the property line or whatever required you
know inward movement or setback might be in
this particular case
GREGORY COLLING Well I think we
showed for privacy purposes we showed a
hedge thats on thats against the property
line It wouldnt extend over your property
but its on -- against that boundary
MARK SULLIVAN Right And how high
does that going to be
GREGORY COLLING We havent
determined that yet but Im sure thats
something we can work out with Li
MARK SULLIVAN The other thing I
just wanted to call to attention is going to
be the use of the yard and the materials
used I mentioned some concern about noise
Ive spoken to Lianne you know certainly I
certainly dont think shes going to be
28
having the sorts of parties that previous
tenants have had Weve also have had a
break-in on our first floor which is why you
see grates on the window But you know
those were past days But because of the
way you know the buildings kind of create
this amplified almost noise effect Im
just -- Lianne said that theres going to be
maybe a crushed stone material used
GREGORY COLLING Yeah there will
be permeable surface back there and theres
one paved portion of the area thats closer
to the building
MARK SULLIVAN And then something
also I dont see in the plan I guess the
language thats used is the work will be --
will occur entirely within the footprint of
the building But in my view theres going
to be significant demolition and new
29
construction required in that yard area So
I wonder you know if theres a plan on how
long thats going to -- when that might
start How long that might go on What the
nature of that work might be Again thats
its literally right under our noses so I
would just like to understand what that might
look like
GREGORY COLLING Well again our
primary focus has been to get through the
Special Permit process and we developed a
plan Theres more work that needs to be
done to develop the landscape but we have a
proposal here that we brought to this meeting
and thats you know basically a schematic
plan for what we intend to do And Im sure
that you know we have we can work with you
if you have an issue with the hedge but I
think were again were improving the
30
space Were taking out that wood deck
thats rotted thats with the garbage cans
back there And were planning on creating a
nice space that I think youll be pleased
MARK SULLIVAN It will look a whole
lot better than it looks currently And
again the -- and so the other related issue
when I spoke with Lianne and I mentioned this
to you that this air conditioning unit
thats shown in the exterior that she did
say her plan is to move it under the stairs
but since that is not shown in this kind of
drawing you know I would have a great
interest in that occurring because of the
you know the noise that comes right up from
that fairly large unit and we hear it we
certainly hear it in our house And its
great that she says that she plans to do
that But I just wonder how that would be
31
kind of confirmed through the planning and
the iteration
HUGH RUSSELL We can do that We
can make that a condition of a permit
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
Will there be any air conditioning
units on the roof
GREGORY COLLING Not to my
knowledge
MARK SULLIVAN And is there any
outdoor lighting plan
GREGORY COLLING We havent
developed an outdoor lighting plan other than
to have recessed lights at the cantilevered
roofs Just two little spots that light and
demarcate the entrance to the building
MARK SULLIVAN Uh-huh
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh youve asked
our indulgence but I think we should proceed
32
on
HUGH RUSSELL Continue on
WILLIAM TIBBS And the conversation
youre having you can continue to have
and --
STEVEN WINTER And you should
WILLIAM TIBBS -- but we need to
get back on this
MARK SULLIVAN Great thank you
very much
HUGH RUSSELL Okay Does anyone
else wish to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I see no one
wanting to speak So now we will discuss
this proposal
STEVEN COHEN Well Ill start if
nobody else will Its currently a
non-conforming use a non-conforming
33
dimensionally in many respects And with the
changes I dont think any of the
non-conformities are being exacerbated In
many respects from the use to the open space
that the situation is being improved in
almost every aspect I think its a great
way to use this non-conforming structure and
I think its a great idea great proposal
and a great plan for this lot
HUGH RUSSELL Bill
WILLIAM TIBBS I guess I have a
question for the proponent You said that
the -- all the open space was going to be
used by the converted unit and so theres no
open space available for the existing two
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
Theres safe access on to the property for
the two rental units but the rear yard will
be private and dedicated to the proposed
34
residence
WILLIAM TIBBS And how is the open
space being used currently by those tenants
GREGORY COLLING It isnt Its
basically a trash storage area
WILLIAM TIBBS What about the wood
deck
GREGORY COLLING And the wood deck
to my knowledge I havent seen it used
WILLIAM TIBBS I mean what was its
purpose What were the users of the deck
Was it a commercial --
GREGORY COLLING Im not sure
WILLIAM TIBBS Was it commercial
use
SAM BENSLEY People would go out
there and have a drink and tenants in the
building
WILLIAM TIBBS The tenants --
35
HUGH RUSSELL Could you give us
your name please
SAME BENSLEY Sam Bensley
WILLIAM TIBBS Other than for me
the idea of the renovation makes sense Not
allowing the tenants who even though they
may not have used it that deck obviously was
there for their use to -- when you have we
typically like to see if there are units on
the property that all of the units there have
some benefit from the open space
GREGORY COLLING Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS Actually can I say
something My name is Chris Williams Im
Ms Bensleys brother
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS And I think I can
point out a couple of things Firs it that
there is a front yard to the two-unit
36
building Its very small And the leases
that weve written for both of the two
tenants do not include the yard at all They
only include the rental unit itself So
they dont even really have access to the
backyard They havent really used it as Sam
said And they dont use it now
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre saying that
the existing leases --
CHRIS WILLIAMS The existing leases
do not --
WILLIAM TIBBS -- theyre not
allowed to use --
CHRIS WILLIAMS They dont allow
them to use the yard The only lease is to
the actual unit itself and not to the yard
GREGORY COLLING Obviously privacy
having a private outdoor space is important
to the owner
37
WILLIAM TIBBS Its also important
to other people too
GREGORY COLLING Right
PAMELA WINTERS Yes
HUGH RUSSELL Its not completely
private because of Mr Sullivans house So
its a you know a semi-private space
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL One that I would
characterize most peoples yards in
Cambridge
GREGORY COLLING Semi-private
HUGH RUSSELL Yes You may control
who comes into it but many people look at
the open spaces
Steve
STEVEN WINTER The semi-private
concept is very nice I like that And it
really is living in a dense urban
38
environment Believe me theres going to be
interaction and contact between the people in
the windows and the people on the ground I
mean theres -- theyre neighbors and thats
going to happen so we want to make it the
best experience for all of them
I need clarification on the rooftop
mechanicals So I need for the proponent to
say clearly there are no rooftop mechanicals
or there are rooftop mechanicals and this is
what they are So thats simply something
that we need clarification on
And I -- I -- just because it was
brought up I think that we are going to need
clarification on the existing lease defining
the tenants access to the side yards Now
Im not sure what I would say if it didnt
say that but I think as long as its been
brought forward we just need to confirm
39
that I feel And if my colleagues feel
differently you know just tell me and I
realize Im being in a bad mood today or
whatever it is we can do that
And I think the lighting is also really
important to us And weve got a lot of
folks in the city who are concerned about the
lighting
Mr Chair is there a -- theres a
lighting plan that the proponent can provide
us right that shows where the lights are
and what directions they go that would assure
us and the neighbors that the lighting will
not interfere with their private spaces
HUGH RUSSELL Such a plan could be
prepared and shown to Mr Sullivan and it
could you know discuss it and come to an
understanding of what made sense and it can
be submitted to us or submitted as a
40
condition you know of the vote I think my
preference is since I dont hear you know
much opposition tonight there are details to
be worked out but the concept seems to be
acceptable So Id rather not you know
delay our approval by a month or six weeks
but Id like to have a process to make sure
that the details are worked out that
Mr Sullivan has consulted and has an
opportunity to discuss his matters with his
abutter And I think whats been represented
to us is that the outdoor space is more
diametric than the Zoning of the building and
its not surprising that we would do that
STEVEN WINTER Okay let me then --
let me take off the table confirming that the
leases -- to the tenant leases define whether
they can or cannot I think Im okay with
that And I concur Mr Chair with what you
41
had said but I do believe that we need to be
respectful of Mr Sullivans areas of
interest which are accessing the rear of his
house the height of the hedges the use of
the yard materials and its permeability that
are next to him and noise related
particularly the air conditioning unit I
think those are real concerns
GREGORY COLLING Sure
STEVEN WINTER I also agree this is
a great plan Its a wonderful use Its a
family that you know has been in Cambridge
for a long time and I think its -- and it
reuses a building in quite a nice way I
congratulate you on the design
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
STEVEN WINTER So yes I concur
And I wouldnt mind voting it appropriately
tonight to move it forward but I do want to
42
make sure that Mr Sullivan is taken care of
PAMELA WINTERS Could I just say
one thing I concur with what Steve just
said and particularly living so close to the
air conditioning that could be really
bothersome
GREGORY COLLING I understand
PAMELA WINTERS Yes And also the
height of the hedge just because Ive gone
through this myself you know this issue
myself You know do you have any idea as to
what kind of hedging or height you want to
put in there
GREGORY COLLING It would probably
be a hue thats shoulder height
PAMELA WINTERS Hues are great
And hues grow to be eight feet tall and
theyre inexpensive So that might be a good
choice
43
And I dont have any trouble with the
tandem parking so I just wanted to mention
that too
And also I think its important for the
abutter to get into you know if he has to
have some roofing done or something done on
the side of his house its important for him
to get into that little area
GREGORY COLLING Im sure that Li
would be amenable to working with Mark on
that
PAMELA WINTERS Great Okay
HUGH RUSSELL Its a practical
matter if its only the width between
Mr Sullivans house and the hedge it
appears to me the width of a kitchen counter
So its about two feet You cant actually
put a ladder up against the house in two
feet so theyre going to have to work
44
together And you know when I trim my
wisteria I put my ladder on my next-door
neighbors property and you know sometimes
I ask her and sometimes I assume the
permission thats been granted in the past
carries over You know if hes planning to
do some work it might be smart to maybe not
plant the hedge until the work is done if
that you know if that can be worked out as
an arrangement
GREGORY COLLING Well typically
the landscape work is the last piece thats
done so that might be something that we can
work out I think -- I wasnt aware that
Mark had a concern about the location of the
condenser and were certainly more than happy
to work with him and address any of his
concerns And Im sure Li you know shes a
great neighbor and I think that shed be more
45
than happy to address any of Marks concerns
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I propose that
we attach a condition that the air
conditioner be you know removed at some
distance from the property line
PAMELA WINTERS I agree
HUGH RUSSELL A distance maybe
being a width of the L on the half house
STEVEN COHEN If I could add one
comment about that condenser Frankly if
its a loud condenser moving it even that
distance isnt going to make an enormous
amount of difference I think the real key
to the condenser is not as much the location
but getting a quiet condenser And Im not
quite sure what the Cambridge noise ordinance
says about the noise level of condenser but
theyre available extremely quiet nowadays
and I dont know that its within our
46
jurisdiction to actually specify the decibel
level here But I think under the
circumstances and just being a good neighbor
with a fellow whos already expressed a
concern about it I think you would be well
advised to find an extremely quiet condenser
They cost a few bucks more but not a whole
lot more and it would make a world of
difference
As for the property line it is what it
is It is where it is Theres nothing we
can do to change that And frankly if the
tenants under the leases have rights to
outdoor space theres nothing that we can do
here to in any way compromise their rights
under those leases But maybe we can
encourage to do something about the noise
from the condenser
GREGORY COLLING I think thats
47
something thats -- that we certainly can
work with Mark on
STEVEN WINTER May I remind the
Chair just to be a timekeeper we are at
eight oclock We are at ten till eight and
just to remind the Chair that we are working
hard to stay on the schedule
HUGH RUSSELL So we can dilly
dally around for six minutes because
otherwise well have to take another break
But Ahmed did you want to say
something
AHMED NUR Okay I think most of
the points have been covered by my colleagues
definitely for the approval of this
renovation One concern that I share with --
and I think a lot of people said the same
thing but Im concerned with Mark Sullivans
case The rear of the house Im assuming
48
the shrubs the houses are too close So
wherever the property line might be for the
surveyors I mean trees outgrow and you dont
want to cover (inaudible) And obviously by
rule hes going to come down to chop it
Its his right to do that
GREGORY COLLING Right Theres an
access alley for servicing the facade of that
house on the property Theres about a three
foot path against the house
AHMED NUR And also I cant really
see whether that facade where the shrubs are
where the east or southern sun and if its
going to be eight foot tall it might block or
overshadow his kitchen or whatever it is near
the rear of the house
GREGORY COLLING I dont think the
hedge was planned to be eight feet
AHMED NUR Okay
49
MARK SULLIVAN May I speak
AHMED NUR Mark wants to speak
MARK SULLIVAN Just to make a
comment clear Im not interested in an eight
foot hedge either because I think the space
will look quite nice And as you folks have
summarized you know our concerns are
primarily noise some of which we can easily
work out with Lianne and some is mechanical
To be able to borrow an improved view would
be nice
HUGH RUSSELL Ready to act on this
Would someone like to put forward the motion
referring to the application for the specific
relief sought
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair Id like
to -- and fellow Board Members Id like to
make a motion that the application for a
Special Permit to convert a non-residential
50
structure to residential use to reduce the
amount of required parking and to occupy the
lot with more dwelling units than would be
allowed dimensionally The conventional C
Zoning District dimensional regulations be
allowed based on the findings of this Board
and also on conditions as discussed by this
Board Im not sure what they are at the
moment specifically but relating
specifically to conversations that he will
have with his immediate abutter relating to
concerns about lighting and sound and
landscaping details And maintenance access
rights over the property Thats the motion
BRIAN MURPHY So moved
H THEODORE COHEN Second
HUGH RUSSELL I heard Teds second
first
Is there discussion on the motion
51
All those in favor of the motion
(Raising hands)
HUGH RUSSELL All members voting in
favor And thats it
Thank you for a very clear presentation
and a great architectural job
GREGORY COLLING Thank you very
much
(A short recess was taken)
HUGH RUSSELL All right we can
begin now on the next item on the agenda
which is a discussion of a recommendation on
the Teague Petition on light trespass And
we had a public hearing and before we made
comments those comments were referred to the
staff And Jeff Roberts and other people on
the staff have thought about those and come
back with a written response to what we
brought to them So I think what wed like
52
to do is start with Jeff presenting the work
that hes done and the thinking and the
rationale behind it Then well ask
Mr Teague to respond to that and then we
will decide what were going to say to the
Council
So please proceed
JEFF ROBERTS Thank you Mr Chair
Jeff Roberts CDD
I just wanted to briefly go over mostly
just the proposed modifications which are in
the package that we sent to the Board It
starts following the text of the draft
recommendation On the text of the draft
recommendation itself is as we tend to do
sometimes we take the Boards comments and
form it into a draft recommendation And
certainly were all open to hearing the
Boards comments and suggestions about
53
revisions that we can then take back and
modify as the Board wishes But I wanted to
take a moment to go over some of the proposed
text that comes after -- the Zoning text that
comes after that in order to address some of
the questions because some questions have
come up since this came out We wanted to
try to address those right off the bat
In general the intent of the proposed
modifications is to retain the same overall
scope as the petition and to create some
clearer standards that rely less on
discretionary enforcement That was an issue
that the Planning Board raised at the last
hearing But one of the considerations that
we have is to keep within the scope of the
initial petition and not to deviate largely
from that scope which would require a
possible re-advertisement of the petition
54
The one particular issue thats come up
that we have -- I feel that we maybe havent
addressed fully is the question of how this
applies to existing lighting And this is
a -- this is an issue thats covered broadly
in Zoning by the state laws that enable
Municipal Zoning Rules and this comes from
Chapter 40A Section 6 of the state laws
which says -- and Im skipping a little bit
but basically says A Zoning Ordinance or
by-law shall not apply to structures or uses
lawfully in existence or lawfully begun but
shall -- before that Zoning change was
adopted but shall apply to any change or
substantial extension of such use to any
reconstruction extension or structural
change of such structure and to any
alteration of a structure to provide for its
use for a substantially different purpose or
55
for the same purpose in a substantially
different manner that was substantially
greater extent And thats the overall
framework within which the Zoning Ordinance
is written
In Cambridge the Zoning Ordinance we
also have Article 8 which is a which is a
general set of standards on non-conformity
which starts with that state law provision
and adds some other instances where for one
reason or another the City allows
non-conforming structures or non-conforming
uses to continue in certain specific ways
So based on this overall framework
its our understanding that whether the
original petition language were put forward
or in the case of the modified language it
would apply to new buildings new uses and
significant alterations that -- to buildings
56
or to lighting and would not compel existing
property owners who installed their lighting
you know in a way that was legal at the
time before this petition was advertised
would not compel them to change their
lighting or to take down any existing
fixtures
In fact the proposed text is meant to
clarify that the non-conformity rules
wouldnt necessarily apply to maintain an
existing non-conforming lighting light when
you do when you do significant alterations
to a building So its meant to clarify that
any change you make to a building to a use
or to the lighting on a building has to be
brought into conformance with what the new
regulations are
So thats just one overall piece And
then Id like to just take a quick step
57
through some of the -- what the provisions
actually are And it says it says Page 1
of 6 where it starts but its several pages
into the document Im sorry about the page
numbering
The first page covers the definitions
which are included thats included in the
original petition There are some small
changes for clarity and directness of
application Some additions borrowed
from other -- which weve borrowed a little
bit by looking at other Ordinances that had
been actually brought up at the public
hearings and Ive spent a little bit of time
looking through those and comparing the
standards that are proposed with standards
that are in existence in some other places
and some that might have been held up as
models And in particular thats the
58
standards having to do with the illuminance
rating and the illuminance and that factors
in later on So Ill just skip ahead with
that
On page 2 the applicability again
makes it clear where were enforcing these
standards which would be really any in any
instance where Zoning rules do apply And we
included some exceptions in response to the
Planning Boards comment about will this be
possibly too extensive or have unintended
consequences Some of these exceptions are
present in the original petition Some have
been added For instance in A where it
talks about city lighting thats a provision
thats suggested to make sure that the City
essentially doesnt get in its own way For
instance if there was a situation in a
public park where the neighbors were
59
concerned about safety and made a request to
the City to increase lighting the Citys
hands wouldnt then be tied by its own
Ordinance to be able to respond to that kind
of a public concern
Indoor lighting is included because I
think that in most other Ordinances the
illumination standards do specify outdoor
lighting Indoor lighting can be very
difficult to enforce If somebody put a lamp
in their window would you then have to take
a Zoning enforcement action Its a
difficult scenario in which to try to apply a
Zoning enforcement
And the abandon new provision was
actually one that was taken from -- which is
on page 3 I believe was taken -- it was a
suggestion thats included from other
Ordinances again to try to to the extent
60
possible facilitate the replacement of old
non-conforming fixtures with with newer
conforming fixtures and not to allow people
to use the fact that the light hasnt been --
its been sort of not on for a long time to
then do something that might not otherwise be
in conformance
The rest of page 3 makes it makes a
change in the language on the regulation to
clarify that whats being regulated are the
things that cause the light rather than light
itself thats being regulated It is more
straightforward in my opinion to regulate
physical fixtures and structures in a way
that can be directly observed and enforced
The overall regulation remains based on the
sort of the principle that was described by
the petitioner which is that you can
visually verify whether a light is -- is in
61
conformance or potentially not in
conformance And I think it was the Boards
suggestion that perhaps there could be a
recourse that then a property owner could
either then fix the problem or could provide
some evidence that the light actually is in
conformance with what those specific
standards are
We did I should note on again that
the burden really would be on the installer
And under B I think as well as A and C on
that page we can you know we can add the
text that the installer has demonstrated I
think that would be your reasonable standard
that was just as a clerical matter It was
just left out of the text
The -- there was a comment that about
the half a foot candle 05 foot candles and
in terms of whether that was a too high a
62
standard There are other -- there are
actually a range of standards that are used
in many other Ordinances They have
different standards that apply to different
zones and different districts and to be
consistent with the petition were trying to
figure out something that could apply
citywide So 05 may be you know may be on
the high end Other cities use 035 02
01 or sometimes as low as 005 but that
tends to be again where theres a
separation between residential districts and
non-residential districts And we can look
at that a little more or talk about that a
little more
And then I just wanted to make a
comment too because this was brought up in
723 thats retaining the existing text in
the Zoning I think there may have been some
63
confusion as to whether that is meant to
imply that this continues to only apply only
in Residence A B C and C1 districts which
is not the case The new regulations would
apply citywide If there was concern about
these regulations and whether or not they
would apply to other districts such as
Residence C-2 we could add Residence C-2 to
that list as an amendment to that text but
the petition didnt actually amend that text
so we left it we left it as is
Another consideration is to say that
the new regulation supersedes the old
regulation and maybe theres no need to have
it at all and it could be deleted
The next page on page 4 is -- it talks
about enforcement And this is again based
on the -- its the sort of core of the
petition that this should be a
64
complaint-driven enforcement There is a
general provision Article 9 of the Zoning
for a person to to request a Zoning
enforcement and this is just a way to
provide some more detail to that process
where in this particular case were looking
at this as a special case there would be a
process of recording a specific item and then
having the owner have a chance to respond and
then at that point being able to move forward
with other avenues of Zoning enforcement just
to provide opportunities where these issues
can be resolved in a straight forward manner
There is one note one comment that was
made to me that it says in 7242 the owner
of any property intends and it actually is
true that in the Zoning its not necessarily
a property owner but any aggrieved person
So it could be a renter who could file that
65
kind of complaint So that would be a
recommended change to this That is to say
instead of the owner of any property just any
individual could make that request
The rest of it is very similar to the
petition We did add one note that says that
just to -- I guess a clarifying note and
its on page 6 where the -- they talk about
parking regulations that the lighting must
conform to the requirements of Article 7
Again just to kind of button things up And
there was a question also that was raised
about I think outside of this it wasnt in
the petition but whether one foot -- what is
one foot candle be the appropriate standard
recommended standard for a parking lot And
its a question thats difficult to answer
but it it may be worth the Citys
consideration at some point --
66
HUGH RUSSELL When we do parking
lots half a free candle is the lowest level
You look at -- because the light is much
brighter under the luminaire theres a
minimum number and theres a ratio between
the brightest and the least bright portion
because of that ratio gets very high the eye
adjusts and so you have to keep that range
down But for that reason I would think
spilling a half a foot candle on somebody
elses property which is a reasonable
standard for a parking lot would be an
unreasonable spill standard And I think we
should not be allowed to spill as much light
as would allow your next-door neighbor to
have in a parking lot So maybe it should
be you know substantially lower and maybe a
02 setting you know And it certainly
worked under Ordinances where its 01 but
67
youre in more suburban locations where its
more easy to achieve that
MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE Can you
turn the volume up on the microphone so we
can hear you better
HUGH RUSSELL Ill try to move
closer to the microphone You werent here
earlier when we were having the feedback
problems Im hoping we can go back to our
regular meeting room sooner rather than later
where its a little bit easier there
So sorry Jeff I interrupted you
JEFF ROBERTS Thats fine
I think thats actually a good point
to you know in order for me to stop and to
let the Board ask questions or respond
HUGH RUSSELL So I guess my
question is based on the public testimony
many people came in and they said theres
68
this awful wall pack that somebody put up a
while ago and its really annoying And what
Im hearing you say is that because of the
way that the Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning
enabling network we cant we cant solve
that problem Is there a way to solve that
through the municipal lighting or should we
recommend to the Council that they pursue
that question Because to me its you know
having been the victim of wall packs in the
past and I got my neighbor to do a pretty
good job of fixing it eventually but I --
personally Im aware of that and I think we
heard this testimony And so is -- how do
you -- is it possible to deal with that if
you cant do it in Zoning some other way
JEFF ROBERTS Well Im not -- I
have to admit first that Im not an expert on
non-zoning legal matters but I can tell you
69
what Ive found in you know in just my
reading
Well first of all there is a
Municipal Code which is separate from the
Zoning Ordinance which doesnt it is not
established under Chapter 40-A but does
still have to adhere to any superseding state
laws or regulations so And again Im
not well enough versed in that to give
specific answers I -- but for you know
there is an examine in Cambridge for
example where you can look at the noise
ordinance in Cambridge where that is part of
the Zoning Code and its not part of the
Zoning Ordinance and its treated and
enforced in a you know different mechanism
I do know that because it was
recommended by the Board to look at other
examples that we have looked at Newtons
70
Newton Mass Code and they do have
requirements in their Zoning that apply to
you know new development new lighting but
they also have a light trespass provision
within their Ordinance on I believe its
miscellaneous finds and offenses that
discusses the amount of light trespass thats
allowed on an adjacent property And I
cant I cant say because I dont have any
firsthand examples whether thats been used
to enforce enforce an Ordinance on a
situation that was pre-existing I just
got -- actually I just got through one of
their former plans They had experience of
reviewing it through site plan review for
Zoning and making sure the lighting is
conforming that way but not whether there was
enforcement done in a different way
HUGH RUSSELL Do we have other
71
questions for Jeff
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
Jeff I think you did a great job The staff
did a great job And first Ill go back to
the last issue which is I would make a
recommendation or suggestion to City Council
or the staff that somebody ask the Law
Department because I think it is indeed a
problem under the Zoning Enabling Act to try
to deal with pre-existing non-conforming uses
or structures and that whether one could as
an analog to the noise ordinance adopt a
light ordinance at the site of Zoning which
might be immediately applicable to existing
uses
I -- the first question I have is in
your Section 723 where theres the
reference at the very end Proposed addition
shall conform to the requirements of Section
72
722 above
Is that intended to bring in the as
written currently not exceed one half foot
candle at any point beyond the property line
JEFF ROBERTS Yes That added
language I would characterize it as sort of
a buttoning up Just to make it clear that
723 doesnt supersede 722 but rather that
this is a sort of an additional set of -- and
it remains as additional set of standards and
requirements that -- but that 722 also
applies with regard to the shielding and the
spill --
H THEODORE COHEN Right right I
just wanted it to be clear in my mind that if
there were some spill under 723 but it did
not exceed the half foot candle or whatever
standard was ultimately agreed upon that
that would be okay
73
JEFF ROBERTS I -- as long as it --
yes if it meets all -- if it meets all the
standards If its only -- if it is
continuous and of indirect note and other
definitions but if its -- if it prevents
direct light from any other property and
shall conform -- oh Im sorry now I
understand what youre asking
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not view --
JEFF ROBERTS 723 supersedes 722
Well that may be that may be a concern I
guess if it is -- if that if that language
creates ambiguity --
H THEODORE COHEN Let me rephrase
it
JEFF ROBERTS Yes
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not -- in going after the people who
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we really want to go after we are not making
every property owner every house owner who
has got a house you know with a light two
feet from their abutting property owners
property line is not going to be in violation
of this if it complies with whatever minimal
standard has been written into the Ordinance
And so as I read 722 if it wasnt more than
05 foot candle if you know that was okay
and I wanted to be clear that under 723 the
same standard would apply
JEFF ROBERTS Yes I would say that
is the intent But I think youve noted
something that could potentially being
resolved an ambiguity that could be resolved
by the text
H THEODORE COHEN Okay I dont
have the you know the knowledge or
background to say what the right level is
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Ill have to take you know Hughs or
staffs determination of what is the proper
level
The comment you made on 7242
changing owner of any property to an
individual gives me some discomfort because
the way its been written now it relates as
you know a lot of Special Permits or Zoning
enforcement relates to aggrieved party within
300 feet or abutters to abutters and just
changing it to an individual is not tieing it
to some particular location And so I would
ask that you think about that again if you
want to go away from the owner of a property
that it somehow -- I mean I mean we dont
-- we want people who have a legitimate right
to be able to complain about it but not
necessarily someone whos a half mile away
saying oh I dont like the way that light
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looks when I drive by So I would just be
careful about that
I had been concerned about the
overreach of everything under the original
language And I still am concerned about the
fact that if you can see it it can be deemed
a violation but I think the provision youve
written in here in 7242 ameliorates my
concerns a lot that there is this whole
process so that were not going to have
frivolous complaints being made or complaints
that you know neighbors versus neighbors
who just happen to be right next to each
other and saying well you know your porch
light is too bright because I can see it So
Im much more comfortable with that
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have a
comment and a question Jeff and I also
wanted to compliment you on how carefully you
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listened and how much better this is since
the last time we saw it I think its worth
emphasis that the issue of standing which is
sort of cemented in the law of Zoning really
be more carefully articulated here I too
am uncomfortable about straining from that
issue Its abutters and abutters to
abutters and the 300-foot radius is I think
what I would be looking for in terms of
aggrieved parties as a definition But the
thing that Im missing the most I think
from a nearly perfect redrafted section here
and looking at the Section 641 at the end
which is entitled Purpose made me think
that I was missing that in the illumination
section sort of just a general couple of
sentences at the beginning to say why are we
concerned about this in the city of
Cambridge And obviously were concerned
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about the spilling of light on to adjacent
properties and the effect it might have on
the ability of those adjacent property owners
to enjoy their property And I think its
another thing missing And its interesting
that this diagram is up here on the screen
because the aggrieved party is gesturing at
the ground and looking at his neighbor But
actually theres another condition that the
section of the Ordinance could address which
is which is the night sky And I think that
thats another purpose of this Ordinance
which is to control the effective light
spilling up into the night sky which is an
issue of environmental concern increasingly
in this country and I think Cambridge should
take credit for and also highlight its
concern about the issue that light should not
unnecessarily spill into the night sky So I
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really think the Ordinance and the diagram on
the right of the screen shows in fact the
lighting fixture thats doing both of those
things and thats correctly I think what we
should be concerned about And thank you
just two minor points
Thanks Jeff
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Well
first I want to say you talking about the
Rule of 40-A and the non-conforming
structures I think because this has come to
us from people who are dealing with this
problem now I would really like to see
included in your memo and the language that
you very carefully drafted with some changes
that my fellow board members that I think
articulated well Id like to see in our
memo a recommendation that City Council
really take up the approach that you
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described Newton has which is that the
two-pronged approach The General Ordinance
to deal with the problem that is there now
where one property owner is creating a
nuisance for the other property owner so that
they can get some relief from existing
things but also that going forward we would
have that ongoing review and pro-active
dealing with this so that we dont create
those situations in the future
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes go ahead
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to agree
wholeheartedly with what you just said and
also I want to agree that I think we -- the
changes that you made to this from my
perspective are an improvement And I think
you hit upon a lot of the core issues that we
were concerned about The problem I think
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that you have what you stated was within the
confines of a Zoning Petition You can only
change so much before it becomes something
else And I guess my recommendation would be
that the -- we actually look at with a
non-conforming piece it just -- its great
for new stuff but it doesnt do anything
about the current situation and I think
there may be some better mechanisms
So my recommendation would be that the
City really take this on but it actually
become a petition from -- that we work on to
get it right That would then you remember
at the first hearing I commented about the
fact that we probably -- it would be good to
have a consultant to help us with things half
of a lit candle versus something else And
if you had a city process where youre trying
to solve that you can do that So I think
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as I said I think what this petition is
trying to do is very very good but Zoning
is always a proved mechanism to do it And I
am a little concerned Specifically I think
there is a -- Im concerned about what
constitutes a change Were talking about a
fixture versus a building so that -- and you
have the license that says if its new
construction yes But if youre altering or
changing it but what if you alter or change
the light fixture I mean that gets -- that
definition to me gets very unclear If a
light fixture is one light to the left and
they want to change it is that a change To
me it gets a little confusing The initial
standing I would agree also is the fact it
has to be and we just cant have people who
are renting and stuff like that this could
be a nightmare And I guess Im very
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concerned about the the Section 2-point -- I
mean 7242 which is really the enforcement
piece And I think you will get a lot of
frivolous complaints They may not be
frivolous in the mind of the person
complaining but it may turn out to the
frivolous And even if it isnt frivolous
Im just concerned that it may get a lot I
mean the poor superintendent of buildings is
just going to get a lot of this stuff And
you know you get a complaint you have to
determine that the complaints valid Im
just concerned about that So I think you
know Municipal Code andor Zoning
combination just has a better approach to me
to solving as opposed to trying to just doing
it all
And thats all
PAMELA WINTERS Thanks Hugh
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Is this on Im just curious I dont
know what a foot candle is How many watts
like for a bulb is it
JEFF ROBERTS Thats hard to say
So Ill try to do this in very laymens
terms Theres -- in lighting theres such
thing as theres luminance and then theres
illuminance And luminance is like your
bulb So if you have a 60-watt light bulb
thats -- I think somewhere around to
determine like 850 900 luminance which is
the -- because wattage is always different
depending on what kind of light you have
You measure the brightness of the light in
luminance and thats just the point source
of light
Illuminance means how much light youre
casting on something thats away So what --
the light that just that bulb is casting on
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the floor or the wall is called illuminance
And its measured in -- foot candles are kind
of a weird unit I actually dont know how
it came about but its also I believe
equivalent to luminance per square foot So
its like imagining a light sort of creating
a wash over over a surface So its really
the intensity of the light spread over a
surface that its that its shining on So
you basically measure it and you use whats
called a lux meter You cant measure it if
you have sort of a room where you can just
turn on one light source you can hold up a
lux meter and get a reading on what the
illuminance is thats being a -- what that
means is that the further you get away from
the light source the illuminance or the foot
candles goes down And I should say too
and this could be a technical point that was
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made to me and addressed to me that the
illuminance is generally as a technical
standard is measured horizontally against the
ground and vertically on a you know sort of
up and down direction And that could be
also clarified in the Zoning I think as a
technical point just to make sure its
consistent with what the professional
standards are
PAMELA WINTERS Well I was just a
little bit concerned about 723 because I
know in our house we have a driveway that the
front unit uses and we do too And also we
have our back unit And if we didnt have
the lighting up there we have sort of a
two-pronged lighting fixture one which goes
to the driveway and one which goes into
behind the gate in our backyard It would
it would really it would be pitch black
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there and it would cause real security
issues But again its like we use --
like I dont know 50-watt bulbs so I dont
know what candle measurement would be but
you know we do try to you know we shine it
on those particular areas But Im sure some
of it you know does get reflected to some
of the neighbor -- I dont know
You know we also have an arbor and we
would put up Christmas lights around the
arbor all year actually and so -- we also
have plighting in the trees in our yard
HUGH RUSSELL Night sky
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah -- no no no
because the trees block the you know just
the trees block the --
STEVEN COHEN Youre going to jail
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah maybe I
shouldnt have said anything Anyway so I
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guess I have an issue about that So I dont
know do you have any comments on that
JEFF ROBERTS No I mean I
think --
STEVEN COHEN Walk away
JEFF ROBERTS Youve done a good
job of I think illustrating the complexity of
enforcing these regulations in a way
thats --
PAMELA WINTERS I know
JEFF ROBERTS -- this sets you
know a clear set of standards and is as a
complaint-driven enforcement mechanism So
if you went up and uninstalled that light and
if you were you know installing that you
know whatever after the Zoning was
advertised and someone had a complaint with
it they would hopefully come to you first
and see if you could redirect it and you
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know kind of give you their permission that
its okay But if not they could you know
they could -- if your light was not you
know shielded as its been described and
pointed downwards they could take a photo of
it send it to the Building Commissioner and
they could then they could ask you to verify
that your lighting is within the acceptable
parameters
PAMELA WINTERS Poor Building
Commissioner Boy Anyway go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Steve you want to
go
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair may I
speak
HUGH RUSSELL Go ahead
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
Mr Chair I simply wanted to concur that
with the general direction that the
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conversation is going I concur with my
colleagues And I also would like to echo
the sentiment that the presentation of the
Zoning and the side bar Jeff the
explanations in them have made this a really
good exercise Jeff thank you for that
HUGH RUSSELL Id like to comment
that first several board members havent
spoken yet and secondly we have the
proponent of the original petition before us
who has studied the subject and studied the
proposal before us and I think we need to
listen to him And we have other members of
the public here And since theres something
substantially different in our
recommendation we need to listen to them
So I think Steve and Ahmed and I have
some comments too
STEVEN COHEN Jeff to the extent
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that this is technical I dont have the
technical experience or knowledge to second
guess you And you seem to have made
yourself an expert in this area of lighting
over the passed few months But in general
on technical matters Im very much inclined
to defer to the analysis and research and
thought and efforts by you and the staff So
I think that youve done great on that The
thing to me thats most interesting and just
understand most important is this whole
question of non-conformity To the extent
that all of this is just prospective I think
it works reasonably well from every
perspective and including from an enforcement
perspective Its the non-conformities I
just want to ask you a little bit more about
first of all just under 40A6 as
interpreted as applied here what sort of
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changes would would bring a fixture out of a
legal non-conforming status Clearly
replacing the fixture its got to be brought
up to Code If youre making changes
alterations to the structure other than the
fixture does that at any point trigger a
requirement
JEFF ROBERTS Well it could And
thats the way weve essentially written it
to try to be as encompassing in scope as
possible to not provide any kind of
non-conformity exceptions that would allow
someone whos making an alteration that
requires a Building Permit or even an
Electrical Permit to install to install new
lighting To utilize the non-conformity
rules to be able to leave something up
thats not conforming
STEVEN COHEN So Im not sure Im
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understanding what youre saying So if
somebodys making a substantial change and --
but it doesnt involve the fixture are you
saying they do have to bring it into
conformity
JEFF ROBERTS If we -- in the
proposal that weve written --
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS -- and we have
specified that And if you do specify that
you can require that a property owner do
that
STEVEN COHEN And as youve
proposed it here what is the trigger point
I mean what is the extent of change that
would trigger the requirement
JEFF ROBERTS It would essentially
be that if youre it would be -- at least
the enforcement path would be you need to get
94
a permit for -- from Inspectional Services
to to make an alteration to the building or
to change the use of the building in a way
that it falls within that definition of where
Zoning regulations can apply And thats
and theres -- and its sort of laid out in
Article 8 of the Zoning It says that any
alteration to the exterior of the structure
any alteration of the structure to
accommodate a different use substantially
different use than whats there at the time
and any enlargement of a use those are
those are the types of things or any
enlargement of a building those are the
types of things that you then have to if you
do that you have to comply with Zoning
STEVEN COHEN So bear with me I
wanted to work through this a little bit If
Im adding an addition to my house then my
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lighting must -- all of the lighting must
comply If Im adding a window to my
existing house do I have to bring lighting
into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS If its just a
replacement of an existing window
STEVEN COHEN Say Im enlarging an
opening or adding a new window
JEFF ROBERTS Right Then that
would trigger a Zoning review for Zoning
compliance --
STEVEN COHEN So it has to be
brought into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS Right So thats the
way its currently written again to try to
maintain the expansiveness and the scope of
the petition thats been proposed But the
Zoning could specify could be more specific
about where you do and where you dont
96
require that lighting be brought into
conformance with the Zoning Code
STEVEN COHEN I mean obviously
youve put some thought into this and this is
what youre recommending Do you have any
concern that that might be an overly broad
requirement basically anybody doing anything
with their house other than painting or
repairs theyre going to have to bring all
their lighting into compliance Its more
than grandfathering everything Its not as
much as the proponents originally wished for
which is apply everywhere today I mean
whats your thought Do you see -- do you
have any concerns about this or are you
pretty comfortable and confident about that
recommendation
JEFF ROBERTS I would say that
there are concerns about that Its
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generally more strict than in other aspects
of Zoning where you may be allowed to
maintain an existing non-conformity as long
as the work -- thats sort of what I meant
when I referred to Article 8 Article 8 has
certain rules that say that you can if you
do some work that doesnt affect an existing
non-conformity then you can sort of keep
that non-conformity And the question is
really whats the desired outcome Is it to
just allow lighting to be replaced with
better lighting during the -- you know
during the natural course of its life Is
it you know burns out or no longer
functional or when youre -- or just when
youre building new buildings Or is it to
try as quickly as possible to bring as much
lighting as possible into conformance with
whats with whats desired
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And I guess I can try to characterize
who because Ive had conversations with the
Building Commissioner the Superintendent
about what the what the impact is going to
be in terms of enforcement and it does
require some more strict requirements for
someone whos for instance you know just
changing the use of a building If they have
an office building and theyre putting in a
restaurant and they dont really want to
touch the outside of the building
Inspectional Services would still demand that
they show a lighting plan with all of their
existing lighting And if it doesnt
conform then show a plan that you know pay
whatever it costs to bring it into
compliance
STEVEN COHEN Just a couple more
quick questions
99
Again on the question of
non-conformity you know it struck me that
you know while some people might consider to
be onerous to have -- to bring all the
lighting up to compliance that maybe there
might be some basis for distinction between
commercial and residential uses And even
with residential perhaps between you know
multi-unit and structures and say three
families or smaller just a thought about
that possible distinction
And I guess one final thought unless
Im mistaken if my memory serves me
correctly the sign code and the sign
ordinance which I think is part of the
Zoning my recollection is that there is
there was something in there when it was
originally passed essentially a sunset type
law that for certain kinds of non-conforming
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signs they were permitted to remain in
existence but only for a limited period of
time I dont know how that slipped under
40A unless maybe the sign ordinance deemed to
be non-zoning or under the police power or
something but it if Im right in my
recollection it might offer another avenue
for thought in the way of dealing with
non-conforming uses
WILLIAM TIBBS Can I just real
quick just as a follow up to just what you
were just saying I just -- I just want to I
guess you remind us that process-wise the
petitioner made a petition we made comments
and Jeff was trying to write stuff relative
to our comments I didnt want you to feel
that Jeff was making a recommendation back to
us Hes just making recommendations and to
us -- hes just trying to get some writing
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which reflects what he thought he was hearing
which I thought he did a very good job of
This isnt a proposal from the City to us
Its really a proposal as to how to change
the language within the parameters of the
permit process
STEVEN COHEN I see
WILLIAM TIBBS He has limits to
what he can do
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Thank you
Jeff you dont have to answer these
right now but I just want you to basically
give it a thought or maybe consider if its
not I really couldnt find the language but
I was wondering about lights and dynamics in
motion Such as the city grows in night with
cyclists that we have all these flashing
lights that are head on with cars and we
102
have the City of Cambridge -- we had the City
had after market head lamps you know you
see one thats manufactured correctly thats
illuminating beautifully and youll see a
tiny light of maybe even like a one foot
candle you know combination and also facing
the wrong way kind of blinding people so on
and so forth so I just thought of have you
thought about with traffic Thats one
And second comment that I wanted to
make is as engineers when we build buildings
we tend to have lights blend in with the
indoor or outdoor environment You know for
example if we were to put up a tile in a
sonar or something we would put the lighting
in first and then put the tile in so then we
can see the shadow it produces on the tile
You know as opposed to installing the tile
first and then putting the light in So
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have you considered or will you consider the
architectural impact the lights might have on
an environment How hot it is in there
What type of material it is And is it
bundled material if the lights are shining on
a bundled material produce a shadow you
know type
Thats all
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I have four
comments I think its important that we not
restrict the complaint process to owners of
property because if youre a tenant in say
a multi-family building and youre aggrieved
because somebody -- you may be impossible to
convince the owner of your apartment building
to bring a complaint and there could be many
reasons why the owner might not
I think you mentioned the abutters and
abutters to abutters in Cambridge but maybe
104
expanding that to allow people who are at
least tenants to also bring those complaints
Historical note dark sky The largest
telescope in the world was located in
Cambridge Massachusetts in about 1855 And
that instrument is still in Cambridge
although its utilities have been somewhat
diminished both because its only 15 inches
in diameter and secondly the parking lot
lights around the observatory cut off three
magnitudes of what they can see through it
and the night sky I think we should
recommend the City in its consideration of
light trespass really need to hire experts
And I mean uses have repeatedly that think
the CE Department has the technical expertise
to really get the fine grain I think we do
not have that expertise and thats just
going to have to be part of the process And
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I wouldnt want to hold up the enactment of
the Zoning piece but it might be that well
come back and say no youve got to make some
small adjustments to the Zoning in the
context of the other one We can do that
Fourth point is what triggers the
clients And I want to remind people of the
yellow sheet that we now get In order to do
almost anything to a house in the city
because almost every house is non-conforming
the exterior of the house has to go before
the Zoning Board and so you might want to
write in that when you make the trip to the
Zoning Board youve also got to demonstrate
that youre lighting
Changing light fixtures in the context
of a renovation plan isnt the huge part of
the plan but it might have a big impact on
the results to some of the people And if
106
the Zoning Board was also looking at that
these questions and asking those questions
during their reviews we might get some more
places where we -- that would be in effect
H THEODORE COHEN Just one
clarifying Jeff Im sorry In 723
theres a reference any permanent lighting
permitted by the pre-exempt shall be shall be
continuous and direct etcetera etcetera
Many of us have outdoor lighting for
driveways and porches that are on motion
detectors so that theyre only on when
somebody is entering or leaving is that
does the word continuous mean that things
like that would not be permitted
JEFF ROBERTS That was a question
that crossed my mind as well but not really
something that was included in the scope of
the petition so I didnt I didnt look into
107
that very closely to see how they enforce it
I dont believe that a motion sensor light is
considered a non-continuous light I think a
non-continuous light refers to flashing or
strobe I guess
HUGH RUSSELL You mentioned at some
point that possibly 723 (inaudible) is one
provision in it that it talks about the
decorative lighting that might be added in
the 722 list of things of exceptions And
as I think if -- we had several discussions
about what how do these two things work
together and youre thinking I think that
you could probably just delete 723 so that
that confusion didnt come up And take
whatevers in it that isnt in the rest of it
and put it in the rest
Okay if we are complete with our
comments Id like Mr Teague to critique us
108
CHARLES TEAGUE You dont really
want me to critique you
WILLIAM TIBBS Sure Briefly
critique us
CHARLES TEAGUE Im on the ten
minute clock here Charles Teague 23
Edmunds Street and you have caught me out
This was a Band-Aid This was going to be a
quick thing despite and despite being a
quick thing by attorneys engineers
architects lighting experts so you know
it looks trivial to small amount of changes
but it was subtle The last time we were
here there was a question of as why you could
see the light elements on the pitches of good
lights And thats because you can see the
elements on the pitches of good light if
youre standing where the light is supposed
to be and you cant see it where light is not
109
supposed to be And so and yes all your
discussion about -- so I spent an hour on the
phone with the firm who is the town the
towns -- the solicitors for the town of
Ashland reviewed their sunset clauses Its
a Municipal Code And yes the proper
lighting ordinance is in the Municipal Code
Everybody stuffs it in the Zoning where you
run into the grandfathering problem So once
you get out you can do the sunset clauses
you can expire something after ten years
And he showed me the examples on the signs
And so yeah this is all wrong We
shouldnt spend a lot of time on this We
should have just got it over with you know
two years ago but here we are So Im not
exactly -- so just on process you had a long
discussion of process the last time And now
this is gone through the Ordinance Committee
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CDD was there participated Was referred
favorably to the full Council I say its
not the time for a major rewrite And the
trouble I have is that theres major
differences outcomes and a lot about
enforcement and a lot about grandfathering
What I tried to do very -- and we -- its
basically because as Jeff astutely pointed
out is that he used an entirely different
method He refers to the fixture I refer
to the light And he thought it was more
clear to refer to the fixture but once you
do that youre explicitly grandfathering
everything And I was trying to see if we
can if we can sneak by And because this
was supposed to be a quick fix And then
youre supposed to go off and do a real
Municipal Ordinance with real professionals
and a real budget which I dont have
111
The reason why its important and lets
go back public health public safety
Theres the safety of too much light versus
too little light We had expert testimony on
health direct light or we just went over
why the visible and good lights And the
scope and were afraid of this wipe of
enforcement Enforcement one of the things
about enforcement is that if its simple you
can handle more stuff But simplicity I
lets say people dont go down to the
Building Commissioner and ask him to enforce
things They come to community meetings and
theyre really upset and they ask me And
thats how enforcement works in my
neighborhood And its Charles Teague that
goes down to the Building Department
Theres not a lot of enforcement in Zoning
going on And so and it comes through you
112
know the neighborhood experts So and then
theres the whole grandfather issue
So there we go Theres the good
light You can -- I took this picture
consciously so that you could see the
lighting elements and then youve got the arm
under the Mount Auburn Hospital and Im on
their property in their driveway and thats
good light And theres the area to be lit
So anyways what were trying to avoid
is legal And we dont want neighbors suing
neighbors but they can They can sue under
the nuisance on their reasonable use and
enjoyment And so the lawyers I talked with
just gone through this in Lincoln They sued
because there was -- the town wouldnt
enforce the one line of the Zoning Ordinance
and they also sued under nuisances There
were other things in the case but its the
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fees in the six figures They started in
2008 They finished their trial this March
in 2013 and he says the decision could take
two years So this is not what we want the
citizens of Cambridge to have to do to get
relief
And so back to grandfathering Granted
if youre replacing light thats fine Its
not grandfathered And the key is the
burden And its its the same Its
basically the same to put up a good light as
a bad light Bulb replacement you know I
dont know sometimes to replace a bulb is
you know in this day and time its just as
hard -- easy to replace the whole fixture if
you have to go up high and bring up a crane
and all that stuff
So but my thesis and we dont know
whether this will work but this was the
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attempt and this was why I defined an
entirely different than the way Jeff defined
it is the light requires predicate acts
You have to switch it on You have to pay
the bill You have to change the bulb
Those are conscious acts that you do
otherwise the light wouldnt be doing bad
things And lastly you know if we actually
go and memorialize that all existing lights
are grandfathered theres a bunch of lights
out there that could have been enforced
They are in violation The trouble were
missing is the explicit definitions and we
could have gone through the appeal process
through the BZA or to Superior Court and we
could have got some resolution So there
still is another path to getting resolution
But going back to the previous slide it
isnt really something you want neighbors to
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be doing
So this is this is a commentary from
Bobrowski who wrote the handbook on land use
And hes talking about the restrictions on
the site the external restrictions And
hes talking about how theres no reported
(inaudible) decisions on the grandfather
section So but hope springs the term But
at this end this was never meant to be such a
process It was supposed to be a quick fix
get in and get out and then hopefully a real
lighting ordinance would happen but I cant
do the real lighting ordinance
So the building -- we sat down with
Councillor van Beuzekom and I sat down with
the Building Commissioner and he says he can
enforce the Teague Petition When they go
and they basically do light enforcement by
asking nicely And the next thing is so you
116
cant see the bulb They have people adjust
the lights so you cant see the bulb which
is basically what I wrote I memorialized
And he didnt really know how many Zoning
violations but its a small number And he
asked CDD to consult the Law Department on
the whole grandfathering thing So thats
supposed to be in process But not with my
not with my legal theory
But anyways on -- he looked at CDD
petition He had a series of -- to my --
because Im the neighborhood enforcer
because people come to me I go down to the
Building Department and so I sort of know how
they work And so I went down with Ranjit
He goes well thats nice but we dont have
staff at night So he didnt like the
illumination definition He goes we dont
staff at night We dont have instruments
117
We dont know how to use them
On pulling a Building Permit he would
say well wed actually have to go down there
and look to see if there were actual bad
lights where now people bring in plans
Which you could require a plan for I dont
know you know putting on your dog house or
something but I dont know when external
plans are required But then he went on in
his very practical concern its a lot of --
on the change of use its not going to get
triggered very often because so often he says
they dont need a Building Permit to change
the use So on the aging out of fixtures
he goes he says theres no way we can know
when that fixture was last gone He didnt
like those ones where this where its
referring to the bulb And then there was a
section which said on the certificate of
118
occupancy you would actually have to get
plans And he goes well often times a
homeowner comes down hes going to sell his
house or getting a new insurance policy and
theyll want to give them a Certificate of
Occupancy and this is an onerous expense for
so many So -- and then they have an
existing process So what happens is they
get a complaint in they run over there they
look at the thing and they come back and
they make it and they make their decision
And they send out their letters And either
theyre gonna decide to enforce or not
enforce Either person can appeal within 30
days After 30 days its final his decision
is final The Zoning Ordinance Section 1021
says its a $50 fee Their sheet says $100
Ill have to speak to him about that But I
spoke today its six weeks to get a hearing
119
And we have an experienced guy And Ive
seen you guys spend hours and hours resolving
neighborhood -- you send them in the back
room and they come back out Its even at
one in the morning you guys are working this
stuff out Ive seen them do it for a
garbage shed whether the garbage shed could
have a roof on it or not
Now Ranjit didnt like 722A because
only the BZA could issue a Variance So so
then the Kelly Beady guy came in with some
foot candle things just a whole bunch of
details But thats really thats really
Im under my ten minutes right All set
So my final thing is what I would
suggest I would suggest -- well I suggest
the correct answer is the municipal lighting
and we all know that And thats the way it
should be done So I suggest that As for
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this I think this is a major change Its a
change in how its basic fundamental premise
of how its defined and it has these
implications in enforcement because it
requires because now it requires
instrumentation and people at night and
implications in terms of grandfathering
Grandfathering I dont know maybe weve
got 10 percent or 20 percent shot but under
the other way of defining it its zero It
absolutely nails down every existing light
So I would suggest that that petition -- the
other version is so different I dont think
its -- and were at the end of the process
I dont think it should be substituted If
you guys decide to submit it as a Planning
Board petition that would be okay but I
would not I would not I think theyre just
too fundamentally different creatures
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Thank you
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I find this very interesting because
the -- I know I have problems with the
petition as written and even though Jeffs
efforts were very valiant in trying to
incorporate some of our concerns in it I
think Mr Teague has just shown that new
position still has a lot of problems
associated with it So I think unless we
have a process that comes up with something
that is been thought through and worked out
I think I really have a problem with the
petition as it was (Inaudible)
HUGH RUSSELL That last sentence
confused me I didnt hear it I guess Did
you say that you had a problem with the
122
Teague petition or you didnt have a problem
with it
WILLIAM TIBBS I have a problem
with the Teague petition as written and
Jeffs attempts to write different language
which would help solve some of the problems
we all discussed But I think Mr Teague is
just saying that he doesnt feel that the --
he feels that those changes -- actually
changes it enough so that its a very
different thing And even his presentation
shows some of the complexities particularly
as you talk to other city officials with the
CDD version of his petition So its
problematic and I think to me its just very
very clear that its an issue that I think we
all feel its something we should try to
tackle but we should just tackle in a
different way whether its a Planning Board
123
petition Council petition or something And
I know the concern that we had earlier was
that you know these things just take a
long long time and was it something that we
could quickly pass and then work on later
But Im not comfortable with that approach
For me I -- Ill let the other board members
speak for themselves
HUGH RUSSELL Im with you on
the -- I would not want to recommend the
Teague petition to the Council And I would
not do any action want -- I wouldnt want to
just avoid the question because then the
Council might feel that if were not
responding to it we wouldnt respond So my
preference is to ask the staff to tweak the
language based on what theyve heard tonight
and forward the revised language to the
Council and to -- with a discussion that says
124
that this is the best we can do in the time
available Its a very complicated issue
and that they should you know and then
theyll have to decide do they want to put
something in place now Do they want to
postpone it Do they want to engage in a
process of writing a Municipal Ordinance
And it seems to me those kinds of questions
are the questions that the Council you know
were offering advice as to what we think can
be done within the Zoning Ordinance and were
offering our comments that we were pretty
content with whats proposed but we
understand its not perfect Now --
WILLIAM TIBBS I think you need to
quantify we
HUGH RUSSELL Thats quite right
and Im not sure everybodys there
Also there are other people who would
125
like to speak and I think we ought to hear
them So maybe we should hold our comments
until that happens
So well agree to the three minute
standard for comments
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
TOM SIENIEWICZ Im sorry just one
point Did not Mr Teague say that he would
not support the altered drafting of this
piece of Zoning couldnt support it Was
that what he was indicating he was
withdrawing his petition I had that sense
I dont know
HUGH RUSSELL No I think what
hes saying is we submit our recommendation
to Council he was going to speak against
that recommendation and certainly thats his
right And Council has to decide make that
126
decision I mean -- were not proposing this
as a friendly amendment Were proposing
this as a recommendation from this Board
based on the language we have
CHARLES TEAGUE Just to clarify I
was actually hoping you would recommend the
Teague petition because the last time we were
here because --
HUGH RUSSELL Yes you made that
argument
CHARLES TEAGUE Right
HUGH RUSSELL I understand that
Thank you
So on our list the first person is
Kenneth Taylor of 2 Craigy Street
KENNETH TAYLOR Im Ken Taylor 2
Craigy Street Ive listened to what the
Planning Board has said before Ive heard
public complaints and public interest about
127
making changes I see Mr Teagues petition
I understand there are issues related to
that I see the Community Developments
response to your request to comment on that
and improve it My reaction as a layman is
that if you pass -- if you recommend the CD
proposal you risk memorializing
grandfathering the violation of the Zoning
Ordinance which was passed in 1962
Now one question that perhaps Jeff
could explain to me is in the State Code you
quoted Shall lawfully in existence any
condition lawfully in existence
Since 1962 there have been hundreds and
thousands of code violations that have never
been enforced Now does the fact that they
have not been enforced means -- mean that
theyre lawful And does that give them
legitimacy In the case of making Zoning
128
changes I know of a condition where an
existing house I was going to buy had a curb
cut for a driveway that was too close to an
intersection of a public street And it was
non-conforming and it was grandfathered until
you made a change And it was non-conforming
until the code was changed The codes never
been changed on this A six-story building
apartment house built in 1940 probably had
incandescent lights to begin with if any at
all And then in 1960 they added more
powerful incandescents In 1970 they added
sodium vapor In 2012 they added HID Now
probably every one of those except the
incandescent was in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance So my question to you is what
permits grandfathering among all these
violations that have existed for that many
years Is it because the City chose not to
129
enforce the law Thats a general question
Secondly Im confused about the
recommendation about 723 If I understood
it correctly Jeff you said that you can
delete the paragraph altogether because all
of the Zoning applies to all of the city So
if I understand that theres no special
provision for residential areas and so it
doesnt make any difference I dont
understand why theres this paragraph if
youre going to enforce this Zoning Ordinance
throughout the entire city If that isnt
the case I think you need to at least expand
the language If youre seriously trying to
cover these residential zones you need to
expand the language to cover the edges of
these zones which are impacted by other
districts adjacent to the buildings in other
districts should not be allowed to impact on
130
these residential zones
I think the final question it seems to
me which I believe is related and again I
havent talked to Mr Teague about this is
related to the issue of the whole basis for
the Zoning Ordinance If its based on the
light source rather than the fixture then
theres no reason why you can ask existing
owners either to conform with the new code or
to reduce the wattage in their fixture to the
extent possible to the minimum to bring it in
as close to conformance as possible And
that would mean that a 400-watt HID bulb
could be a 100-watt HID bulb And that would
significantly reduce the problem without
causing an owner to replace the fixture
PAMELA WINTERS Sir your time is
up
KENNETH TAYLOR Excuse me
131
PAMELA WINTERS Your time is up
KENNETH TAYLOR Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Theres some
provocative questions there but I think well
just get through some of the comments and
then go there
Second person was Jo M Solet
JO M SOLET Thank you for your
attention Jo M Solet 15 Berkeley Street
I would like to first of all second
what you heard from Mr Taylor I think we
do not want to confer legitimacy on lights
existing lights that are now in violation
And if you doubt that they are there I can
tell you the light about which I spoke to you
at our last meeting I did have the city come
and look at it They told me it was in
violation and they actually and Mr Sean
OGrady told me when I had found all the
132
lights in violation in my neighborhood I
could call him back And I have that in
writing by e-mail So I didnt feel it was
my job to do that but if it will help
Mr Taylor who doesnt live that far away
from me and I will -- well find the
violations and make sure that theyre not
grandfathered for you
I do think there is a backlog of
unconcern about this problem Im also
surprised about the what I see as a hardship
concern about the violators It seems to me
that changing a bulb or adding a hood to an
existing light is not that serious a
hardship And if we discover that there are
folks who have a hardship then maybe we
should be charging for violations and using
the money to help those who have a hardship
come into compliance It could be done
133
Because our concern includes health and
safety the grandfathering piece is really a
serious one because it would leave in place
the things that are currently affecting
health and safety and I want to offer a nod
to Mr Russell and to Mr Sieniewicz for
raising the night sky issue and add that in
talking about this city lighting issues with
the Circadian rhythm experts and the sleep
division at Harvard Medical School
Another issue that was raised was that
of wildlife If you doubt that wildlife is
at issue here imagine when you are taking a
neighborhood and basically giving up night
Youre making it light all the time In our
neighborhood on Berkeley Street within the
passed couple of weeks sighted have been a
grey fox turkeys deer raccoons raccoons
during the day by the way because its day
134
all the time and maybe they dont know when
they should be sleeping rabbits moles and
opossums So theyre confused about when
its night and day and thats not good for
us People are confused about it too
Thanks for your time
STEVEN COHEN Mr Chair Im sorry
if I might interrupt for just a moment Both
of the first two speakers made reference to
lighting being in violation And if there is
some sort of a regulation of existing
lighting thats something that Im unaware
of that I havent heard come out
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
So Jeff is it correct that paragraph
723 is part of the Ordinance now
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
Mr Chair and excuse me for not reviewing
my -- my sort of shorthand of Zoning changes
135
So all of the underlying portions are the
changes to the Ordinance page -- on page 3
the portion under 723 line item 723 is not
there but that paragraph underneath it
constitutes the entirety of current Section
720 of the Zoning Ordinance So that is
currently in the Ordinance The petition
proposed to leave it in the Ordinance and --
HUGH RUSSELL And how long has it
been in the Ordinance
JEFF ROBERTS I do not know the
answer to that question
HUGH RUSSELL A long time right
JEFF ROBERTS Its been for
sometime And any -- it was not during the
ten years that Ive been here So the -- so
any lighting that was established since that
time thats found to be in violation and I
think this -- I wont sidetrack But any
136
lighting thats known to be in violation or
found to be in violation of that Ordinance
since that time will -- its considered
illegally non-conforming Its not -- it
doesnt have a legal conforming status just
because it was ignored And therefore it --
this the proposed -- whether the under the
proposed text or the modified text the new
Zoning would not confer any special -- new
special status towards lighting that was in
violation at the time that it was installed
HUGH RUSSELL Okay So what were
saying is that outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 Districts since
this was put in the Ordinance which I
believe is quite was probably decades ago
is -- do you know exactly
KENNETH TAYLOR Yes the historian
for Community Development informed my wife
137
that there have been no changes in the
lighting ordinance since it was originally
written So that goes back to the original
text of the Ordinance
H THEODORE COHEN When was that
HUGH RUSSELL I do not believe this
paragraph goes back to 1924
KENNETH TAYLOR No no 1962
HUGH RUSSELL 62 So thats the
date
KENNETH TAYLOR Thats when the
Ordinance was written
HUGH RUSSELL The Ordinance was
written in 1920 --
KENNETH TAYLOR Its a 50-year-old
Ordinance It hasnt been changed since
HUGH RUSSELL Sir the Ordinance
was written in 1924 There were major
revisions in 1943 and 1962 And then since
138
1970 the Ordinance has perhaps quadrupled in
size to the establishment of special
districts The question is when did this
paragraph show up And I believe the answer
that youre trying to tell me 1962 So that
says -- so if you will allow me to finish my
thought here that says that in those
districts that are enumerated a light that
shines a direct light on an adjacent
property is not grandfathered
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
HUGH RUSSELL Now that doesnt
help the people in Residence C-2 Districts
and I believe some of the testimony before us
were people who are in those districts But
so that -- so by this little discussion weve
learned that in you know a substantial
portion of the city someone should be able to
go down today and get enforcement And so
139
therefore it probably is a reason to -- you
may want to make that clearer in the
Ordinance that this standard as we talk
about enforcement and grandfathering that
this was the standard Anything thats in
conformance doesnt have legal non-conforming
status That would I believe that helps
Now Id like to continue with the
hearing and Marjorie Williams of Green Street
do you wish to speak Or is it Marjorie
Wellens (phonetic)
MARILYN WELLENS You mean Marilyn
Wellens
HUGH RUSSELL Do you live at 651
Green Street
MARILYN WELLENS I do
HUGH RUSSELL Im sorry I couldnt
read your writing but I certainly know you
MARILYN WELLENS Yes So my name
140
is Marilyn Wellens and I live at 651 Green
Street We abut a Business B-1 District on
Massachusetts Avenue The building at 1030
Massachusetts Avenue was recently con --
within the last year and a half two years
was converted from office to lab use And
the Zoning Ordinance considers these
equivalent uses I can assure you that they
are not neither for lighting nor for noise
nor for height The reason Im here is that
weve had quite a lesson in this in modern
technology and the way that Cambridge is
going over the last two years So that I
have Im afraid scattered notes in response
to some of the Boards comments and I
havent put them in any particular order so
if you will indulge me I will just sort of
speak out
I would say that the matter is urgent
141
that Mr Teague has brought to the Board and
the Council and the Citys attention The
strain of trying to have quiet enjoyment of
ones property is very difficult And I
would suspect that the places where it is
possible are rapidly diminishing And only
the very very choicest residential districts
of the city will be immune and maybe they --
even they wont if the development thats
planned and on the Boards continuance So
Im concerned about the assumption that there
will be all these frivolous complaints What
weve just heard recently is that the Zoning
Ordinance lacks enforcement ability either
through the technical expertise of staff who
are required or asked to enforce it or they
lack the training they lack the money they
lack the expertise they lack the equipment
So that this -- remedying this is not simply
142
a matter of law its a matter of budget and
its a matter of will and committing to
taking care of the health and safety of the
population of Cambridge And that I
understand is the primary impulse and
justification for the Zoning Ordinance Now
thats why were here and thats why youre
dealing with this And as Doctor Solet has
told you repeatedly that light as well as
noise have major major health consequences
And this is another example of what has been
called the privatization of profit and the
socialization of the costs So that you have
the developers and the users maximizing
lowering their own costs by failing
adequately to protect public health and the
rest of us suffer and its a longer term
problem but if youre concerned about the
educational level of the students in
143
Cambridge I suspect that you will pay close
attention to both light and noise and how
they affect people
And so I was bit concerned with the
assumption that you might have lacks -- and
this may have been my missed hearing that it
might be possible to have laxer standards for
persons living in denser zones or in
commercial zones because I dont see any
reason why anyone living in any of those
zones would be less harmed by the noxious
effect of light than people living in an A
Zone
PAMELA WINTERS If you could wind
down your comments please your time is up
MARILYN WELLENS All right And
so I would again encourage you to act on
this and I would ask that the city develop
the capacity to enforce and develop the will
144
to enforce and I ask the Board to participate
in that
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Thank you
Does anyone else wish to be heard
ROBERT WINTERS Hi my name is
Robert Winters I hadnt planned to come
here I do live in a BA-1 Zone I probably
could claim I have five multiple violations
right now on either side of me but I have no
skin in this game I have no desire to file
complaints or anything but something I was
thinking before -- Hugh Russell actually took
the words right out of my mouth And heres
my thoughts that I heard earlier and just to
say them right now I wonder why must this
matter be a part of the Zoning Ordinance at
all It strikes me that all of the
shortcomings and misgivings and like what
145
about grandfathering this or that could all
be resolved if simply this was made part of a
municipal comprehensive municipal light
ordinance that had nothing to do with Zoning
whatsoever
When I have as I have complaints
about neighbors with rodent infestation you
know you call the rodent people If theres
a problem with improper disposal of rubbish
you call Inspectional Services and Public
Works Nobody worries about whether the
rubbish cans were grandfathered in from an
earlier era when they carried ashes out to
the street You know these are living
documents they can be changed to meet with
the times It seems thats the right way to
go Just generally speaking I think we
burden the Zoning Ordinance with far too
much It shouldnt even have quadrupled in
146
size There are so many things We depend
far too much on the Zoning Ordinance to solve
too many problems I believe shortly well
be getting some recommendations coming as
part of an another Zoning Petition where
theyre going to try to tell us from where we
must buy our electricity for example Why
not go and tell what color shirts our
children should wear or whether they should
speak multiple languages and have that be
part of the Zoning Ordinance So my remedy
is simply this Why not simply recommend to
the City Council that they sever this entire
section out of the Zoning Ordinance and
re-craft it as part of the municipal
ordinance on a comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance period and just take this
completely out There should be no need for
Community Development Department weighing in
147
on lighting standards any more than they
should be weighing in on whether the rats or
the garbage cans are properly laid out
outside So I would put the challenge to the
City Councillors and have the Planning Board
come straight out and say that Since were
throwing this ball into your court make this
the best damn municipal lighting ordinance
you can possibly draft and lets take it
right out of Zoning entirely
HUGH RUSSELL Mr John
JOHN HAWKINSON John Hawkinson 84
Mass Ave I just wanted to make explicit I
think an implicit request I heard in
Charlies presentation and that was to the
extent that you request Community Development
do further work on this That you request
that they caucus with Commissioner
Singanayagam and make sure that their
148
recommendations are consistent with his
understanding of enforceability or if not
that theres text explaining how not or why
not
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Does anyone else wish
to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Im just going to
comment on a previous comment and one --
there were several farther back which is if
we are stuck with what the Commissioner of
Buildings thinks he can do with present
staff and the present work rules that may not
be sufficient to protect the population And
so its important to know -- to get Ranjits
take on it because hes you know hes a
very dedicated public servant but at the
same time you know do you have to go beyond
149
that Maybe thats the point
So now we get to the point of trying to
see if we can -- do we have a consensus on
what we would recommend to the Council or do
we have -- I have a feeling were not quite
at a consensus and I dont think were going
to get there But Id be happy to get some
advice from my colleagues
H THEODORE COHEN Im happy to
start I think -- well I think as I
expressed at the last hearing that the
Teague Petition is fundamentally flawed and
overbroad And I had a lot of concerns about
it particularly about you know how you
determine whether theres a violation and
what one does to enforce it And a
grandfathering is a very significant issue in
Zoning I have a litigated cases about it
Ive litigated cases about light and how they
150
fall under Zoning and I could not personally
recommend the Teague Petition as originally
drafted I think that what staff has done
addressed a lot of my concerns and I still
think its overbroad in a lot of areas I
still think that it does not address the
issue fully and certainly doesnt address
the grandfathering issue which I dont think
Zoning can If the rest of the Board felt
comfortable with the Teague with the
revision by CDD I think I could go along
with a recommendation to the City Council
that this was in some sense a stopgap measure
that still had a lot of questions and still
needed to be worked upon and that City
Council ought to hire an expert and probably
the best thing was to have either just a
municipal ordinance or a municipal ordinance
and some waiting reference into the Zoning
151
Ordinance But I do think that this is an
issue you know that needs more thought by
people who are really expert in the field to
determine exactly what will address future
issues and probably more importantly what
can address existing issues that we want to
address and how it does not unreasonably
impact upon the small property owners the
small home owners who are -- Im worried are
all going to be in non-conformance under
this and also what is the best way to
enforce things And you know obviously the
Building Department you know has a limited
budget And you know its going to be up
to the City Council and the City Manager to
decide you know what is the really
important issues that the city is facing and
what they are going to budget for And if
they feel that dealing with this light issue
152
is a primary concern then they may have to
hire more people to deal with enforcement
If they think its less of an important
concern then you know other building
issues then they will appropriately staff
things And so thats where I come out on
this that I personally could not support
recommending the Teague Petition as
originally presented to the City Council with
a lot of reservations I could go along with
a recommendation of what CDD has revised and
subject to further revisions in accordance
with our discussion tonight
AHMED NUR Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Ill be really fast I
do concur everything that Ted just said I
am not also in favor of the proposal and in
favor of recommending to City Council It
153
really needs careful study with experts
When it comes to lighting noise music I
have two daughters that share one room and
the two of them are the opposites One wants
the light off one wants the light on One
wants the music down and so it -- its not
something simple that we can just sit here
and say yay or nay on this
PAMELA WINTERS I agree with my
colleagues I really dont feel comfortable
about voting for the Teague Petition as
drafted I really agree particularly with
what Ted had to say and also Robert Winters
I thought made -- and we are not related I
just want to throw that in
WILLIAM TIBBS I was going to ask
that question
PAMELA WINTERS No we are not
related but I do -- I liked your suggestion
154
of making -- turning this into a municipal
ordinance similar to sound or you know
whatever rather than a Zoning Ordinance And
I think thats about all I had to say So
that was quick
Go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Generally I concur
with all that was said I have two
observations First of all something that
Charlie said really struck me during his
presentation and that is that he conceived
of this as a quick fix As a stopgap in
measuring -- acknowledging that this isnt
really the ideal way to address the problem
That the right way to address it is for the
city to hire an appropriate expert personnel
and to you know put some time and real work
into this and come up with an appropriate
well engineered municipal ordinance Well I
155
guess we all agree that thats the right way
to go The notion of using the Zoning Code
as a quick fix as a stopgap measure sort of
procedurally doesnt seem like the right way
to use Zoning And once adopted it takes on
a life of its own and what if it ends up
being in conflict with what the experts come
up with later It doesnt seem like the
right approach I agree that the approach --
I agree with what has been said by
Mr Winters and the other members here The
way to go is to call upon the City Council to
address this head on in the appropriate and
expert way
My second observation though is Im
blown away to discover that theres already a
provision in the Code which in essence hasnt
been enforced So gosh we can write all
sorts of Zoning Ordinances here Whats the
156
difference what we write if the existing
regulations arent being enforced You know
so it seems to me before we start reinventing
the wheel and making the wheel even fancier
than it already is lets figure out how to
enforce the existing regulation And
actually as written as I look at it it
aint bad It doesnt have all the technical
requirements and references to foot candles
and luminance and so forth but the
principles that it espouse is right on And
frankly if I were to recommend anything as a
short-term stopgap measure well maybe just
make that same provision applicable to other
Zoning Districts as well Boy thats a real
quick fix You know the recommendation
would you know encompass maybe one or two
sentences and you know then you know
lets focus on enforcement and that would be
157
sufficient to hold the fort for a while the
City Council you know addresses this matter
in a more appropriate and professional
manner
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I would
like to agree wholeheartedly with what Steve
just said As much as I -- it really pains
me to think of going into a multi-year or
even multi-month study on this I do think
its the right thing to do I think that
this needs to be done through general
municipal ordinance and that requires time
And I do think that we need to use the tools
that are at our disposal to give some
immediate relief And I would really want to
stress that in the City Council that if that
means appropriating additional funds for
Inspectional Services or whatever it means
that there needs to be some recourse for
158
people to get some relief now while the study
is going on And that you know its the
fact that we havent been able to enforce it
previously does not excuse continuing to do
so while we study a way to do it later
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say I
disagree with -- I agree with what you both
have said
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think what were
discovering in Zoning is a pretty blunt
instrument and these are some pretty fine
issues that are -- that were trying to
figure out how we can control But
nonetheless in my experience almost 20 years
now working pretty intensely with this Code
there are ways in which government works
pretty well the Zoning Board and the Planning
Board I might add and the Zoning Code to
some degree helps to a large degree helps
159
with the way that this community runs And I
really appreciate Steve pointing out the fact
that the Code already has an Ordinance in
there
That not withstanding I believe the
rightful place for at least some components
of this lighting control is within the Zoning
Code Its a physical environments It
relates to the building and it relates to
building science And so youre right the
modified petition is not perfect We have
more suggestions tonight about how to make it
a little better I think it adds adds meat
to the Zoning Code which can be enforced both
with the Building Department and through the
other mechanisms that I referenced here And
so Im generally in favor of sending it up to
the City Council with the recommendations
that came with the first speaker to consider
160
the municipal ordinance to have enforcement
to deal with the issue of grandfathering and
hire an expert to get the actual metrics of
drafting correctly
HUGH RUSSELL So often at this
time we turn to the Stuart and Brian and Jeff
and say okay you got it
JEFF ROBERTS This is one where I
may want to go over some of what was said and
see if thats what is -- what the way things
are intended to go
So is it the -- maybe this is a
question I shouldnt be asking but is it the
Boards consensus -- it seems pretty clear
that the recommendation should include the
recommendation to initiate a process of
developing a more comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance as part of the municipal
code engaging the help of an experienced
161
professional to develop something that has
to help advise on the technical details So
thats that is certainly something that
would be included
In terms of the recommendation on the
Zoning Petition the Board would recommend
the Zoning language the modified Zoning
language that was proposed I know that I
think in the last set of comments there were
maybe different views on what exactly would
be -- would exactly would or should be
included in the text the Zoning text
modifications that are recommended to the
Board Whether it be the fuller set of
changes that was that was sent to the Board
or whether it be a smaller set of changes
only affecting the existing Zoning existing
paragraph of Zoning text
HUGH RUSSELL So I would -- what I
162
heard from my colleagues is that that
Council can consider three different
strategies for an interim regulation that
would be in place to try to help out the way
things are
One is the Teague Petition which we do
not support
The second is the language that youve
drafted and with some modifications based on
our discussion tonight And theres no real
enthusiasm for that because we feel that
primary recommendation of getting municipal
ordinance is the right ultimate solution
If the Council felt they wanted to act
now we would feel -- most of us that
enacting the language was a temporary measure
that might be effective in some cases and
probably wouldnt cause great harm
The third suggestion came from my
163
colleague Mr Cohen which was a very simple
thing to take the 720 regulation and make
it apply citywide as a temporary measure I
think the problem that Council would have to
address in taking that stance is its not
being -- its not being enforced now Is it
not being enforced because it is
unenforceable or is it for some other reason
And that could be a discussion that could be
held between the City Manager and his various
departments and staff about you know if
they were to say well rely on this as a
temporary measure how can we get better
enforcement as to what this actually says
particularly if it were extended to be
citywide
So thats kind of what I heard and I
elaborated a little bit on Steves proposal
In some ways I like Steves proposal the
164
best
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes I do too
JEFF ROBERTS If I could
Mr Chair I mean I think this is a
discussion that maybe came up if you all
remember way back in the original Teague
Petition when the discussion really was
around what is this what is the issue with
the existing Zoning language and what does it
do and what does it not do And we found
that there really were some limitations in
the text and I think that Mr Teague had
really started this process by pointing out
what some of those limitations are
One being that the district only
applies in certain districts which through
enforcement has been taken to -- or at least
cause confusion when theres two adjoining
districts where a business district or a
165
higher density residential district abuts a
lower density residential district and its
not clear what that language is meant to
mean And that could be at the most minor
basic level that could be clarified to say
that any to make sure that its clear that
the effect on any residential property in
those districts is something that should be
enforced for or should be where the Zoning
should be applied and should be -- and
anything should be -- anything that affects
those properties should be reviewed in
compliance Or another step up would be to
as was suggested maybe make it just a
citywide provision which may have certain
impacts on commercial districts and
commercial properties that might not be in
the same level of conformance
HUGH RUSSELL Might be citywide to
166
falling on citywide residential property
H THEODORE COHEN I Jeff the
point you just raised is a concern I have
and you know it may be its a good idea to
amend 723 to make it citywide But Im
wondering if its in the scope of what the
Teague Petition was and what was advertised
because it certainly you know it may be
that it applies to so many other people in
commercial and industrial districts who may
not have come to our hearing or to you know
the Ordinance Committee because they were not
concerned about what they saw as applying
only in residential districts So you know
I think thats something that staff and maybe
the City Solicitors office would have to
review to see whether making such a change
would be within the scope of the petition
And if not then maybe you know we ought to
167
bring -- come back with a very short you
know Planning Board amendment to do that
you know publish it and notify it and let
the citywide have an opportunity to comment
on it And you know coming out of that
maybe what you suggested is that its not
citywide then only you know the impact on
any residential district or any residential
property
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I just want to be very clear that I am
not comfortable with the CDC language as a
stopgap So I just want to make that very
clear
STEVEN COHEN Im just wondering if
a consensus of any sort is reached on the
Board maybe the way to go on this is to
actually start from scratch You know work
on some sort of modification of the existing
168
Section the 723 re-advertise it to make
sure that theres no issues there and ask
the CDD to propose a modification of that
paragraph only this time its an actual
proposal on your part And eventually
perhaps get to the point where its the
Planning Board proposing a Zoning
modification to the City Council which you
know might carry some some extra weight
with the understanding that it is still
something of a stopgap Because maybe that
the appropriate procedure is still to hire
experts and not making our own guesses about
technical matters but you know actually
doing an appropriate study But again I
think the language there is pretty good
And you know with some study on your part
Jeff I think maybe we could arrive someplace
that you know you serve as a pretty good
169
stopgap you know pending adoption of a
full-fledged municipal ordinance
HUGH RUSSELL Speaking against that
notion I would hope that in the 13 days
between now and the City Council midsummer
meeting a cliff notes version of that could
be accomplished I think the Teague Petition
intention was to be effective citywide and
so I think you can probably address Teds
concern of -- because it -- whats under
consideration is a citywide effect Its a
technical legal question and has to be
addressed by the Solicitor but I think
theres some hope that could actually -- and
I think the Council would like to put
something on the books now and rather than
something that we know is going to be interim
or informal So I you know its like I
think part of our difficulty is going to be
170
municipal calendar because as far as I know
-- maybe I can ask Councillor van Beuzekom
are any of the committees of the Council
going to be meeting between now and the
midsummer meeting
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM There
could be a special meeting but theres
nothing planned right now
HUGH RUSSELL Right Okay
So its within the possibility that
this could be advanced somewhere on the
Council level We dont have to come up with
the answer that they can adopt Thats
helpful
STEVEN COHEN The procedure aside
for a moment what about the notion of asking
CDD based on the discussions weve had here
asking CDD to propose a modification of that
provision
171
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I think thats
a productive thing to do
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Say that
again
HUGH RUSSELL And the question is
should we then not forward the language that
Jeff has proposed to us I mean in some
sense its out there in the blogosphere but
if our judgment is that we want a temporary
expedient we want it to be simple then
maybe we should just say draft up the simple
cliff notes version that alters that
paragraph in ways that give it the most --
make it the most effective paragraph that we
can
STEVEN COHEN And I think on a
parallel path not within our power that the
City Council might well call upon the City
Manager to report on the question of
172
enforcement of the existing provision So
you know we understand what the limitations
of enforcement are here And if there are
limitations and there may very well be then
we have to deal with that kind of reality
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I mean I think
there must be limitations because you know
its not city policy to ignore complaints and
not the citizens But they havent been able
to do it So theres something there
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS So I could just make
a suggestion or maybe its more of an offer
that we could within the recommendations --
so as long as the Board has reached some
sense some consensus and some clarity as to
what the substance of what the proposed
change would be to the existing language
that can be drafted and submitted along with
173
the recommendation to the Council We can
also include the Board can include in the
recommendation that the Law Department the
City Solicitor be consulted as long as its
within the scope of the original petition
If its been -- we would confer with the Law
Department on that as well If its
determined that that is okay it could --
that could be moved forward on If not it
could be the Planning Board could opt to
submit that as its own petition to the
Council It would restart the hearing
process but it would it could immediately
be put into the queue And if filed before
if my (inaudible) calendar is correct if
filed pretty much at the beginning of the
fall could still be acted upon by the end of
the Council term
H THEODORE COHEN Can I ask a
174
question
Jeff do you know you know in recent
buildings and commercial and industrial
districts are there outdoor floodlights
JEFF ROBERTS There usually are
If theres a parking facility theres often
you know lighting Exactly what the form of
the lighting is not something that I look at
in great scrutiny in my day-to-day work but
anything with an outdoor parking facility
outdoor walkways equipment entrances well
have well have lighting I think that by
modern standards and you know Ive gone
around looking at different -- as weve been
talking about this as looking at different
buildings and properties around the city to
see what kind of lighting they have and using
the standard can you see the fixtures or can
you see the bulb and you know is anything
175
reflecting is there a -- I think that as you
advance from older structures to newer
structures you find that the lighting starts
to look more like what I think this proposal
intends it to look like But you still do
have those instances where an owner of an
existing building for one reason or another
wants to have better lighting on the parking
lot and they install the most expedient
fixture which is that thats offensive to
neighbors
H THEODORE COHEN Well Im
personally uncomfortable with just doing just
a quick fix and saying lets make 723
applicable citywide without our having heard
anything whatsoever from any commercial or
industrial property owners one way or the
other about that And you know were
trying to avoid grandfathering things but if
176
suddenly were grandfathering parking lots
all over Kendall Square and you know in
lots of other areas of the city maybe thats
the answer but Im uncomfortable doing it
without having a hearing on it thats going
to address that issue So I dont know that
I think that the quick fix to just say make
723 applicable throughout the city is
something that I would support
HUGH RUSSELL So Im looking at
what I believe is the Teague Petition Its
addressed to the honorable City Council and
it says Petition And so I -- looking at
that it seems to me there is language in it
that talks about off-street parking
facilities abutting or facing residential
premises shall not fall under the scope of
the Teague Petition and use his regulatory
language So thats already out there in the
177
proposal
The 723 --
H THEODORE COHEN But still that
language is still referring to only Residence
A B C and C-1 Districts
HUGH RUSSELL I dont believe so
I believe theres another section that refers
to -- so Im looking at this one which I
think is broader And that might be the
limit to which we can go under the Teague --
by implementing Teague
STEVEN COHEN Im sorry isnt the
Teague Petition citywide Am I missing
something
H THEODORE COHEN No because it
was only amended certain -- as I read it it
was only amended certain provisions of the
Zoning Ordinance and adding some additional
language
178
STEVEN COHEN So your read is that
the petition applies only to what
HUGH RUSSELL The parts of the
petition apply to A B C and C-1 Districts
as I read it
STEVEN COHEN Really
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
JEFF ROBERTS Well I believe and
Im looking at it right now and kind of
starting at the beginning and I hope we dont
have different versions of this but the
proposal is to insert -- the main proposal is
on a page which begins Amend the Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Cambridge by doing
the following Insert the following text
after Section 7230 elimination etcetera
And then down at the bottom of the page it
says 722 lighting restrictions for the
City of Cambridge No direct light shall be
179
allowed on any abutting property on any
property abutting an abutting property on
any property across the street from those
properties and on any properties within 300
feet of luminaire and on any street a
property shall explicitly include any
buildings on said property and prohibiting
any direct light from entering the window or
any other openings The luminaire intended
to light a street is allowed to light said
street
H THEODORE COHEN Right I agree
with that But then that does not change --
I mean that just says you cant have light
on abutting property Its you still have
the language in 723 which again talks about
you know no outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 So if were
going to say lets make 723 applicable
180
citywide--
JO M SOLET Can you use the mic
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
If youre saying we cant use 723
applicable citywide then suddenly youre
saying in any non-residential district you
cant have outdoor floodlighting which you
now indicated it probably does exist I
mean this is the problem with you know
trying to you know make a quick fix
amendment to Zoning at the you know the
eleventh hour and trying to come up with
something that we havent really previously
discussed that people havent testified on
one way or the other and maybe thats maybe
thats where we should end up Im just
very very uncomfortable doing it right now
and recommending to City Council that this is
what we think you should do as a quick fix
181
STEVEN COHEN But well Ted --
actually my reaction to what youre saying is
the most shocking part is that at this late
moment on the verge of taking a vote that
were actually not even clear whether the
Petition that weve been talking about for
these last two meetings apply citywide or
only to those residential districts
H THEODORE COHEN Well I think
some things proposed do apply citywide but
some provisions were not being -- did not
apply citywide were not being amended
HUGH RUSSELL I -- some of the
language wasnt being amended but the
structure of the Teague Petition is to say
is to focus on light being cast from fixtures
and it says you cant -- a light cant fall
on somebody elses property citywide
Now 723 talks about a device that
182
accomplishes that or fails to accomplish
that But I think in Teague and if you
will Roberts its still citywide And so
I you know some -- the fact that they --
theyre talking about a light falling on
somebody elses property whether -- I dont
think its any different whether it comes
from a floodlight or a wall pack or not
Its -- thats what was advertised Any
commercial property owner had an opportunity
to read this language and say gee I can no
longer throw light on somebody elses
property And as it happens nobody came and
said that was a problem
H THEODORE COHEN I dont disagree
with that but I dont know that just simply
saying if you make 723 citywide youre not
changing other things And that is why I
suggested --
183
HUGH RUSSELL This is an
architectlawyer discussion
H THEODORE COHEN Right Its an
architectlawyer discussion and I --
HUGH RUSSELL Im thinking an
architect weve got to be able to accomplish
the principle Here the lawyer is saying we
have to actually make the words right I
dont disagree with you
H THEODORE COHEN Correct
STEVEN COHEN And where I agree
with what Ted is saying and the reason I
would send it back to CDD is you know for
us to make a quick judgment here yeah I
said earlier hey all it takes is a sentence
or two Well thats easy for me to say I
would like staff to take a closer look at it
and then sort of work through the
ramifications and then you know whether
184
theyre unintended consequences and so forth
and then come back to us with some sort of a
recommendation But thats the drafting and
the professional who are planning the issue
Youre raising the legal issue of whether
certain interests have received adequate
notice under the law of a change that will
affect them And while I disagree with your
interpretation I think it does apply
citywide I also see that because of Section
723 its at very least ambiguous on what the
Ordinance discovers So Im respectful of
the concern that you raised And as we
talked about it amongst ourselves we werent
clear among ourselves whether this you know
Petition was applicable citywide or only to
these residential districts
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY
Mr Chair
185
STEVEN COHEN So if were not
clear I mean you know what does that say
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I think
that practical implication of both Ted and
Steves comments given that we wont be
meeting again until after the City Council
meeting is that if were going to see
another round of markups from CDD and have a
chance to discuss them then we are not
proposing a specific change to the Zoning
Ordinance for the summer meeting We are not
endorsing the Teague Petition and were
saying that there isnt a quick fix that can
be enacted this summer There may be a quick
fix that can be enacted before the end of
this Council and that we would continue to
try to do But that the long-term goal would
be a citywide lighting ordinance and any
quick fix we are going to propose is language
186
that we still need to work on and theyll be
seeing in the fall
HUGH RUSSELL So do people agree
with that It sounds pretty good to me
H THEODORE COHEN I do
HUGH RUSSELL The only caveat that
I would make is that Council might say hey
were going to ask the Law Department to do
that quick fix in the next two weeks
WILLIAM TIBBS Well thats their
issue
HUGH RUSSELL And if they can
accomplish that they might be able to
accomplish that We cannot
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL Thats the important
part
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL If were going to do
187
it we have to do what she said
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
HUGH RUSSELL So I think we almost
reached -- Ahmed
AHMED NUR We did We did
I also would add that maybe we should
change the language to -- from grandfathering
to grandmothering because lights lights are
actually controlled better laid in the house
Im only kidding
WILLIAM TIBBS Did you get the last
comment I think
JEFF ROBERTS Okay so to recap
the recommendation -- I wont go back over
what you said but the recommendation is what
was just stated regarding -- including the
municipal -- recommendation by the municipal
ordinance advising that you know that the
concerns with the Teague Petition as written
188
the complications with proposing a quick fix
at this point and to and so I guess the
question is is the Planning Board decision
then not to recommend any specific Zoning
text changes to the Council but rather to
suggest that the Planning Board continue to
work on that issue and submit text changes
for the fall term the fall session of the
Council
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
AHMED NUR That sounds good
HUGH RUSSELL I think that except I
would put the work as conditional If the
Council wants us to work on that well put
that on our agenda early in the fall because
they can because they may --
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY They
may preempt us
HUGH RUSSELL They may find a quick
189
fix They may enact Teague All of that is
within their power
Were saying what we can do and we
cant fix it now
STEVEN COHEN And for 50 years of
non-enforcement of the existing provisions I
dont think its the end of the world to wait
a few extra months to do this in a careful
thoughtful
JO M SOLET Can they enforce
whats in place now at least
H THEODORE COHEN Yes
JO M SOLET Do you recommend that
STEVEN COHEN Yes
HUGH RUSSELL We dont generally --
KENNETH TAYLOR Can you make a
recommendation
JO M SOLET Including your
recommendation that there is a law thats not
190
being enforced and while were rewriting it
we would at least like attention to that
HUGH RUSSELL I think we can --
might comment that the Board is unable to
understand why paragraph 720 does not
apparently -- is not able to be enforced
KENNETH TAYLOR Not being enforced
HUGH RUSSELL Thats a statement
which could provide some relief in some
cases it does not seem to be able to be
enforced in -- thats part of the reason we
cant act to fix it because we dont know
whats wrong with it
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Thats
right
STEVEN COHEN But Jo were not
going away
JO M SOLET Im not either I
dont want it to be immortal before I see
191
this
HUGH RUSSELL So I believe we are
now adjourned
JOHN HAWKINSON Councillor van
Beuzekom has her hand up
HUGH RUSSELL Oh Councillor
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM I have one
thing to clarify
HUGH RUSSELL Sure we would be
happy to hear it
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Because I
dont want to by myself to be the sole
conveyor of all the incredible back and forth
between all you guys and between the people
that came to speak So what I dont know is
how much of this draft memo is going to be
shared with the Council Because aside from
what you said this is not out in the
blogosphere People dont really know about
192
this But the -- I think what needs to be
conveyed to the Council is what you dont
like about the Teague Petition So we didnt
really hear that Its kind of in this memo
but you didnt really talk about it You
went straight to CDD making recommendations
that are not going to be forwarded to the
Council But Im hoping that there can be a
write-up in the memo that accompanies the
decision explaining exactly what about the
Teague Petition doesnt work Because it is
citywide and thats what the CDD proposed
There was an attempt to figure out how to
make it more enforceable and Ranjit thought
I can enforce it this way I cant really
enforce it because its too vague the way the
720 is currently written So I think that
would be really valuable to send that
information to the Council
193
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think Mr Chair
at the first hearing we discussed in detail
what specifically were the Boards objections
to the Teague Petition so theres a record
of that in the transcript
HUGH RUSSELL Right And also the
Roberts draft is actually a response to those
points So you can pull out of the draft
what what were the pieces that were being
fixed and why why we felt the need to be
fixed And we can --
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM So it
wont be --
HUGH RUSSELL It wont we wont
give you the Roberts draft but well tell
you whats wrong with Teague because we owe
you that one at least in our opinion
Okay now were adjourned
(Whereupon at 1030 pm the
194
Planning Board Adjourned)
195
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$100 [1] - 11817 $50 [1] - 11817
20 [2] - 1209 15814 2004 [1] - 137 2008 [1] - 1132 2012 [1] - 12813 2013 [4] - 13 912 1133 19711
2015 [1] - 19716 23 [2] - 1086 19716 25th [1] - 55 282 [1] - 119 285 [1] - 133 288 [1] - 56 29 [2] - 2319 251 29th [1] - 415
3
3 [3] - 5917 608 1352
30 [2] - 11814 11815
6390396 [1] - 118 651 [2] - 13914 1401
6th [1] - 716
7
7 [1] - 6510 715(B [1] - 218 720 [5] - 33 1356 1632 1905 19217
722 [8] - 32 721 728 7211 7311 748 10710 17818
722A [1] - 1199 723 [26] - 34 6218 7117 728 7216 7311 7410 8611 1066 1077
18613 1906 19010
absolutely [1] -12011
abut [1] - 1402 abuts [1] - 1651 abutter [4] - 95 4011 435 5011
abutters [8] - 7510 777 778 10318 10319
abutting [9] - 1215 1218 232 744 17616 1791 1792 17915
acceptable [2] - 405 898
access [7] - 1015 268 3317 365 3816 488 5013
accessing [1] - 413 accessory [4] - 1311
1876 added [7] - 1213 5814 725 1079 12811 12812 12813
adding [6] - 143 9419 952 958 13213 17718
addition [4] - 143 155 7118 9419
additional [4] - 729 7210 15717 17718
additions [1] - 5710 address [18] - 91 2313 4417 451 535 538 7810 1506 1507 1514 1516 1517 15414 15415 15513 1635 1699 1766
62 [1] - 1379
0
005 [1] - 6210 01 [2] - 6210 6619 02 [2] - 629 6618 035 [1] - 629 05 [3] - 6118 628 749
1 300 [3] - 1912 7510 10714 1293 1316 1515 1815 addressed [5] - 543
1 [1] - 572 1794 13416 1353 accommodate [1] - 861 1504 16913
10 [2] - 2612 1209 300-foot [1] - 778 1665 1681 9410 17612
1021 [1] - 11816 100-watt [1] - 13014 1030 [1] - 1403 1030 [1] - 19319 1100 [1] - 198 12-foot [1] - 146 13 [1] - 1694 147703 [1] - 19715 15 [2] - 1048 1319 15th [1] - 19711 16 [1] - 13
320 [1] - 1912 38 [1] - 515
4
4 [1] - 6316 40-A [2] - 696 7910 400-watt [1] - 13013 40A [2] - 548 1004 40A6 [1] - 9118
17514 1768 1772 17916 17919 1804 18119 18217 18411
7230 [1] - 17816 7242 [4] - 6415 754 768 832
71613 [1] - 1961 705 [1] - 14 720 [3] - 111 117
accompanies [1] -1929
accomplish [4] -1821 1836 18613 18614
accomplished [1] -1697
accomplishes [1] -1821
accordance [1] -15212
addresses [1] - 1572 adds [3] - 5510 15913
adequate [1] - 1846 adequately [1] -14216
adhere [1] - 697 adjacent [6] - 1717 708 781 783 12918 1389
adjoining [1] - 16418
186 [1] - 233 1800 [1] - 192 1855 [1] - 1045
5 118
8
according [1] - 1412 accurate [2] - 19617 1979
adjourned [2] - 1913 19318
Adjourned [1] - 1941
1869 [1] - 129 5000 [1] - 126 achieve [1] - 672 adjust [1] - 1161
1920 [1] - 13714 528 [1] - 194 8 [6] - 2316 2318 acknowledging [1] - adjustments [1] -
1922 [1] - 1214 5282 [2] - 28 29 557 947 975 15413 1054
1924 [2] - 1377 5822 [1] - 201 806 [1] - 15 Acorn [5] - 124 adjusts [1] - 668
13718 50 [1] - 1895 84 [1] - 14712 1218 131 2316 admit [1] - 6818
194 [1] - 1967 50-watt [1] - 873 850 [1] - 8411 2318 adopt [2] - 7112
1940 [1] - 1289 50-year-old [1] - act [4] - 4912 17013
1943 [1] - 13719 1960 [1] - 12811
13715 533 [4] - 27 119
9 14317 16214 19012
adopted [2] - 5414 1555
1962 [5] - 1279 1118 123 Act [1] - 719 adoption [1] - 1691
12714 1378 539 [1] - 1215 9 [1] - 642 acted [1] - 17317 Adoption [1] - 25
13719 1385 900 [1] - 8411 action [3] - 1013 advance [1] - 1752
1970 [2] - 12812 1381
6 A
5912 12312 active [1] - 808
advanced [1] - 17011 advertise [1] - 1681
1996 [1] - 135 activity [1] - 105 advertised [4] - 564 6 [5] - 2315 2318 548 573 658
6351 [1] - 29 641 [2] - 215 7713 646 [1] - 216 60-watt [1] - 849 6177867783617
abandon [1] - 5915 ability [3] - 783 14114 19710
able [13] - 268 4910 594 6410 7517 9217 13818 1583 1729 1836
acts [2] - 1143 1146 actual [5] - 1911 3616 1174 1603 1684
add [8] - 141 459 6112 638 656 1337 15818
8817 1667 1829 advertisement [1] -5319
advice [2] - 12410 1498
advise [1] - 1612 advised [1] - 466
2
2 [3] - 585 12615 12616
2-point [1] - 831
1
advising [1] - 18718 affect [3] - 977 1433 1848
affecting [2] - 1334 16117
affects [1] - 16511 afraid [2] - 1117 14014
agenda [4] - 48 52 5111 18815
aggrieved [5] - 6418 759 7710 787 10313
aging [1] - 11714 ago [3] - 682 10916 13616
agree [17] - 612 4110 456 8013 8015 8216 1254 1539 15312 1551 1559 15510 1576 1587 17912 18311 1863
agreed [1] - 7218 ahead [5] - 583 8012 8911 8916 1546
AHMED [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
ahmed [2] - 10110 15215
Ahmed [5] - 111 1917 4711 9017 1874
Aid [1] - 1088 aint [1] - 1568 air [5] - 309 316 417 425 453
al [1] - 213 alley [1] - 488 allow [9] - 1415 2513 3614 603 6615 9212 9711 1041 1386
allowed [10] - 1419 3613 504 506 6614 708 972 12919 1791 17910
allowing [1] - 356 allows [1] - 5511 almost [7] - 253 287 336 1059 10510 15814 1873
alter [1] - 8210 alteration [5] - 5418
9213 942 948 949
alterations [3] -5519 5612 925
altered [1] - 12510 altering [1] - 829 alters [1] - 17112 altogether [1] - 1295 ambiguity [2] - 7314 7415
ambiguous [1] -18411
ameliorates [1] - 768 amenable [1] - 4310 Amend [1] - 17813 amend [5] - 213 215 217 6310 1665
amended [4] - 17716 17717 18112 18114
amendment [5] -819 639 1262 1672 18011
Amesbury [1] - 1117 amount [5] - 153 4513 502 707 10812
amplified [1] - 287 analog [1] - 7112 analysis [1] - 917 AND [2] - 1951 19517
ANDOR [1] - 19719 Ann [1] - 2317 annoying [1] - 682 answer [7] - 6517 10112 11917 13512 1384 17013 1764
answers [1] - 6910 ANY [2] - 19718 19718
anyway [2] - 8719 8911
anyways [2] - 11210 11610
apartment [3] - 1412 10315 1289
Appeal [3] - 24 53 55
appeal [2] - 11414 11814
applicability [1] - 585 applicable [7] - 7114 15614 17515 1768 17919 1805 18416
applicant [1] - 212 application [4] - 185 4914 4918 5710
applied [2] - 9119 16510
applies [6] - 544 7212 1296 16416 1669 1782
apply [21] - 5411 5414 5518 5610 588 5913 624 627 632 635 637 702 7411 945 9613 1633 1784 1817 18110 18112 1849
APPLY [1] - 19718 applying [1] - 16613 appreciate [1] - 1592 approach [7] - 2415 7919 802 8315 1236 1559
appropriate [7] -6515 15416 15418 15513 1573 16812 16815
appropriately [2] -4118 1525
appropriating [1] -15717
approval [2] - 406 4715
april [1] - 19716 arbor [2] - 879 8711 architect [2] - 1116 1836
architectlawyer [2] -1832 1834
architects [1] -10811
architectural [2] -516 1032
Area [1] - 211 area [9] - 211 1818 1912 2812 291 345 438 914 1129
areas [5] - 412 876 1298 1505 1763
argument [1] - 12610 arm [1] - 1126 arrangement [2] - 92 4410
arrive [1] - 16818 arrived [1] - 117 Article [5] - 557 642 6510 947 975
article [3] - 88 913 975
articulated [2] - 775
7917 ashes [1] - 14513 Ashland [1] - 1095 aside [2] - 17015 19117
aspect [1] - 336 aspects [1] - 971 assigned [2] - 227 229
assist [1] - 1113 Assistant [2] - 113 23
Associate [1] - 111 associated [1] -12112
assume [1] - 444 assuming [1] - 4719 assumption [2] -14111 1435
assure [2] - 3912 1408
astutely [1] - 1108 ATTACH [1] - 1961 attach [1] - 453 attempt [2] - 1141 19213
attempts [1] - 1225 attend [1] - 121 attention [5] - 2715 1319 1412 1432 1902
attorneys [1] - 10810 Auburn [1] - 1127 AUDIENCE [2] -1613 673
audience [1] - 1112 August [2] - 58 716 available [3] - 3315 4518 1242
Ave [1] - 14713 avenue [1] - 1007 Avenue [10] - 15 27 119 1119 123 124 126 1216 1403 1404
avenues [1] - 6411 avoid [3] - 11210 12313 17519
aware [2] - 4414 6813
awful [1] - 681
8618 bad [5] - 393 11312 1147 1174 1568
ball [1] - 1477 Band [1] - 1088 Band-Aid [1] - 1088 bar [1] - 904 based [11] - 1116 506 5514 6016 6317 6718 12317 1264 1306 1629 17017
basement [1] - 93 basic [2] - 1202 1655
basis [2] - 996 1305 bat [1] - 538 bays [2] - 1212 148 Beady [1] - 11911 bear [1] - 9417 beautifully [1] - 1024 become [1] - 8112 becomes [1] - 813 bedrooms [1] - 243 begin [2] - 5111 12810
beginning [3] - 7717 17316 17810
begins [1] - 17813 begun [1] - 5412 behalf [1] - 122 behind [4] - 1219 2517 523 8618
benefit [1] - 3511 Bensley [4] - 212 1118 134 353
BENSLEY [2] - 3416 353
Bensleys [1] - 3515 Berkeley [2] - 1319 13316
best [7] - 386 1241 1478 15017 15111 1641 19710
better [11] - 1111 306 675 771 819 8315 9712 15913 16313 1758 1879
between [13] - 124 258 382 4314 6212 665 996 998 16310 1695 1704 19114
Beuzekom [3] -11515 1702 1915
BEUZEKOM [5] -1706 1713 1917
B
B-1 [1] - 1402 BA-1 [1] - 1448 background [1] -7419
backlog [1] - 1329 backyard [2] - 366
2
3 19111 19312 bottom [3] - 56 15915 724 7217 749 cemented [1] - 774
beyond [2] - 724 2218 17817 buildings [11] - 2217 8117 842 874 Center [1] - 15 14819 boundary [1] - 278 286 5518 5519 1026 11912 certain [8] - 5513
bicycle [2] - 155 boy [2] - 8911 839 9716 10211 candles [4] - 6118 976 9919 16416 156 15615 12918 1743 852 8518 1569 16515 17716
bidding [1] - 1711 break [2] - 283 4710 17416 1797 cannot [2] - 4018 17717 1846 big [1] - 10518 break-in [1] - 283 Buildings [1] - 14813 18614 certainly [12] - 2718 Bill [1] - 3310 BRIAN [1] - 5015 built [4] - 128 1213 cans [3] - 302 2719 3017 4416 bill [1] - 1145 Brian [3] - 113 23 1410 1289 14512 1473 471 5218 6618
bit [9] - 549 5712 1606 bulb [14] - 843 849 cantilever [1] - 221 12518 13918
5714 6711 8611 bricks [1] - 172 8419 11312 cantilevered [1] - 1507 1613 1668
9117 9418 1434 16318
briefly [2] - 5210 1083
11313 1145 1161 1162
3114 capacity [1] - 14319
certificate [1] -11719
black [2] - 2316 8619
bright [2] - 666 7615
11718 13013 13014 13213
CAPTURING [1] -118
Certificate [1] - 1185 CERTIFICATION [1] -
blend [1] - 10212 blinding [1] - 1027 block [3] - 4814 8715 8716
blogosphere [2] -1718 19119
brighter [1] - 664 brightest [1] - 666 brightness [1] - 8414 bring [16] - 1112 2619 722 921 934 953 969
17419 bulbs [1] - 873 bunch [2] - 11410 11912
bundled [2] - 1035 1036
care [2] - 421 1423 careful [3] - 762 1531 1898
carefully [3] - 7619 775 7915
carried [1] - 14513
19717 Certified [2] - 1974 19714
certify [2] - 1975 1978
CERTIFYING [1] -
blood [1] - 1976 9717 9816 994 burden [3] - 6110 carries [1] - 446 19719
blown [1] - 15516 blunt [1] - 15810
10316 1042 11316 1175
11310 14518 burns [1] - 9714
carry [1] - 1689 cars [1] - 10119
chair [14] - 162 2215 399 4019
Board [46] - 24 48 13011 1671 bus [2] - 158 159 case [13] - 56 57 4916 528 8914
52 54 513 814 BRISTOL [1] - 1973 business [6] - 112 119 2415 273 8918 1256 1347
91 919 118 broad [1] - 966 136 137 1312 4719 5517 634 13418 1644
4917 506 508 broader [1] - 1779 1411 16419 646 647 11219 18419 1931
5212 532 5314 6716 6918
broadly [1] - 545 Brookline [2] - 124
BUSINESS [1] - 22 Business [1] - 1402
12719 12913 Cases [1] - 24
Chair [4] - 17 18 474 476
10512 10514 133 button [1] - 6511 cases [7] - 53 55 challenge [1] - 1474
1061 12017 brother [1] - 3515 buttoning [1] - 727 512 14918 chance [2] - 649
12219 1263 12618 1411
brought [12] - 158 2914 3814 3819
buy [2] - 1282 1467 BY [1] - 19718
14919 16217 19010
1859 change [30] - 4612
1441 1475 1509 5119 5616 5713 by-law [1] - 5411 cast [1] - 18116 5413 5414 5417 15817 15818 1616 16114
6217 923 9513 961 1411
BZA [2] - 11415 11910
casting [2] - 8418 8419
565 5614 609 652 813 826
16115 1672 bucks [1] - 467 CATHERINE [11] - 8210 8214 932 16717 1687 17215 1732 17310 1883 1886 1904 1941 19512 1964 19616
BOARD [2] - 12 1961
board [3] - 7916 908 1237
Boards [9] - 2512 5216 5219 5810 612 14015 14110 16014 1933
boards [1] - 1111 Bobrowski [1] - 1153 books [1] - 16916 Boothe [1] - 116 borrow [1] - 4910 borrowed [2] - 5710 5711
bothersome [1] - 426
budget [4] - 11019 1421 15114 15118
build [2] - 173 10211
building [31] - 1211 167 179 2413 2813 2818 3116 3418 361 4013 4114 5613 5614 5615 827 942 943 9414 9716 988 989 9811 10313 10315 11514 1288 1403 1524 1599 15910 1757
Building [13] - 206 896 8910 9214 983 11112 11117 11516 11614 1172 11713 15113
C
C-1 [5] - 62 13614 1775 1784 17918
C-2 [3] - 638 13813 C1 [1] - 633 calendar [2] - 1701 17315
CAMBRIDGE [1] - 12 Cambridge [25] - 16 214 31 33 47 89 138 3711 4112 4516 556 6911 6913 7719 7816 1021 10319 1045 1046 1135 14012 1424 1431 17814 17819
candle [12] - 6118 6515 662 6610
71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
Catherine [4] - 111 44 1974 19713
caucus [1] - 14718 caught [1] - 1087 causing [1] - 13016 caveat [1] - 1866 CAZ [1] - 1962 CD [1] - 1276 CDC [1] - 16712 CDD [14] - 529 1101 1166 11610 12214 15011 15211 1683 17017 17018 18313 1858 1926 19212
CE [1] - 10416
9315 943 1014 1145 11711 11713 1201 1202 1286 16617 17218 17913 1847 18510 1877 1964
CHANGE [6] - 1969 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614
changed [4] - 1287 1288 13716 14515
changes [22] - 816 1711 332 579 7915 8016 921 924 10812 1229 12210 1271 1281 13419 1352 1371 16115 16116
1885 1887 17814 17819 1552 15517 8315 1026 651 8311 8813 19512 19617 18018 1856 15815 15818 comfortable [6] - 8817 10311
changing [7] - 755 Citys [3] - 592 1593 1598 7616 9616 1236 10316 1189 7511 8210 988 6518 1412 15914 15010 15310 complaints [1] -10516 13213 citywide [26] - 628 code [5] - 9914 16712 8312 18218 635 1633 16316 12715 1287 coming [2] - 1464 complaint-driven [2]
Chapter [2] - 548 16515 16519 1309 16019 1675 - 641 8813 696 1661 1665 1674 codes [1] - 1287 comment [16] - 4510 complaints [9] -
characterize [3] - 1677 1698 coffee [1] - 242 494 5810 6117 7611 834 1042 3710 726 981 16911 17515 Cohen [5] - 18 110 6217 6414 754 12619 14112
charging [1] - 13217 17713 1801 43 44 1631 7618 907 10210 14412 1456 CHARLES [4] - 1081 1805 1817 COHEN [59] - 76 87 1274 14810 1728
1085 1265 18110 18112 913 101 1018 1674 18712 complete [1] - 10718 12611 18118 1823 185 3217 459 1904 completed [1] - 1956
Charles [3] - 213 18217 18410 5016 712 7214 commentary [1] - COMPLETED [1] -1086 11116 18416 18518 739 7315 7318 1152 19517
Charlie [1] - 15410 19212 7417 8717 885 commented [1] - completely [2] - 375 Charlies [1] - 14715 Citywide [1] - 15 8912 9019 9219 8114 14618 children [1] - 1469 claim [1] - 1449 938 9313 9417 comments [18] - complexities [1] -
choice [1] - 4219 clarification [3] - 957 9512 963 5115 5216 5219 12212
choicest [1] - 1417 387 3812 3815 9818 1017 1065 882 9018 10014 complexity [1] - 887
chop [1] - 485 clarified [2] - 866 1347 1375 1499 10016 10310 compliance [8] - 954
chose [1] - 12819 1655 1547 1662 10719 12412 9511 9513 9610
CHRIS [4] - 3513 clarify [5] - 569 16715 17015 1252 1255 1315 9817 995 13219
3517 3610 3614 5613 6010 1265 17116 17211 14015 14315 16513
Chris [1] - 3514 1918 17319 17512 1619 1855 complicated [1] -
Christmas [1] - 8710 clarifying [2] - 657 1773 17712 commercial [10] - 1242
Chronicle [1] - 89 1066 17715 1781 3412 3414 997 complications [1] -
church [1] - 103 clarity [2] - 579 1786 17912 1439 16516 1881
Circadian [1] - 1339 17216 1803 1811 1819 16517 16610 complies [1] - 746
circumstances [1] -463
cities [1] - 629 citizens [2] - 1135 1729
CITY [1] - 12 city [20] - 397 5815 7718 8118 10117 1059 12213 1296 12912 13116 1338 13818 1418 14318 15117 15416 1728 17416 1763 1768
City [41] - 113 23 214 31 33 414 5511 5816 592 716 7918 8111 1013 1021 10413 12819 14613 1475 15012 15015 15115 1529 15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 16310 16616 1688 1695 17118 1734 17612
clauses [2] - 1095 10910
clear [17] - 494 515 586 727 7215 7410 8812 11012 12216 16014 1653 1656 16711 16714 1815 18415 1852
clearer [2] - 5312 1392
clearly [2] - 389 922 clerical [1] - 6115 clients [1] - 1057 cliff [2] - 1696 17112
clock [1] - 1086 close [8] - 2018 2418 2614 424 481 1283 13012 1431
closely [2] - 244 1071
closer [4] - 615 2812 677 18317
clothing [1] - 77 Code [16] - 694 6914 701 8314 924 962 1096 1097 12711
18215 1833 18310 18311 1851 1865 1895 18912 18914 19016
coincidence [1] -2310
colleague [1] - 1631 colleagues [8] - 612 102 391 4714 902 1498 15310 1621
COLLING [47] - 1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
Colling [1] - 1115 color [1] - 1468
1743 17516 18210
Commission [1] -19716
Commissioner [7] -896 8911 983 11112 11516 14718 14812
Committee [2] -10919 16612
committees [1] -1703
committing [1] -1422
common [1] - 188 COMMONWEALTH [1] - 1972
community [3] - 161 11113 1591
Community [9] - 113 115 23 1273 13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
comparing [1] - 5715 compel [2] - 561 565
complain [1] - 7517 complaining [1] -836
complaint [8] - 641
compliment [1] -7619
comply [2] - 9416 952
components [1] -1596
comprehensive [3] -1453 14616 16017
compromise [1] -4615
con [1] - 1404 conceived [1] -15411
concept [2] - 3718 404
concern [22] - 2615 2717 4415 465 4716 595 635 739 7312 7318 7815 7818 966 11710 1232 13212 1331 1521 1524 1663 16910 18413
concerned [19] - 397 4718 591 763 765 7718 7719 795 8019 824 825 831 838 8313 8611
combination [2] -
4
14111 14218 1434 16613
concerns [13] - 268 418 4418 451 497 5012 769 9615 9619 1219 14913 1504 18719
concur [7] - 4019 4117 423 8918 901 15217 1547
condenser [8] -4416 4510 4511 4514 4515 4517 466 4618
condition [6] - 314 401 453 789 12713 1281
conditional [1] -18813
conditioner [1] - 454 conditioning [4] -309 316 417 425
conditions [2] - 918 507
condoized [1] - 1810 confer [3] - 13112 1369 1736
confident [1] - 9616 confines [1] - 812 confirm [1] - 3819 confirmed [1] - 311 confirming [1] - 4016 conflict [1] - 1557 conform [5] - 6510 7119 737 9815 1309
conformance [11] -5616 607 611 612 617 962 9718 13012 1396 15110 16518
conforming [27] -1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 603 7017 7110 7910 816 922 9218 9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1365 1396
conformities [2] -333 9116
conformity [10] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 935 973 978 979 992
confused [4] -12118 1292 1343 1345
confusing [1] - 8215 confusion [3] - 631 10715 16418
congratulate [1] -4115
Connolly [2] - 111 45
CONNOLLY [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
conscious [1] - 1146 consciously [1] -1125
consensus [5] -1493 1496 16014 16716 17216
consequences [3] -5812 14210 1841
consider [5] - 993 10114 1031 15919 1622
consideration [4] -6312 6519 10413 16911
considerations [1] -5315
considered [3] -1031 1073 1363
considers [1] - 1407 consistent [3] - 626 868 1481
constitutes [2] - 826 1355
constructed [1] - 211 construction [8] -915 917 109 1011 1012 136 291 829
constructive [1] -510
consult [1] - 1166 consultant [1] - 8116 consulted [2] - 409 1734
contact [1] - 382 content [1] - 12413 context [2] - 1055 10516
continuance [1] -14110
continue [7] - 1814 322 324 5513 1398 18516
1886 Continued [2] - 219 219
continues [1] - 632 continuing [2] - 153 1584
continuous [5] - 734 1069 10614 1073 1074
CONTROL [1] -19719
control [4] - 3713 7813 15813 1597
controlled [1] - 1879 conventional [1] -504
conversation [2] -323 901
conversations [2] -5010 982
Conversion [1] - 28 conversion [2] - 195 1919
convert [4] - 27 1315 1415 4919
converted [2] - 3314 1406
conveyed [1] - 1922 conveyor [1] - 19113 convince [1] - 10315 copy [1] - 1956 core [2] - 6318 8018 corner [3] - 63 133 177
correct [14] - 1619 182 1819 1916 211 236 253 3316 11917 13415 13417 13811 17315 18310
correction [1] - 1965 corrections [2] -19512 19617
correctly [5] - 794 9914 1023 1294 1604
cost [1] - 467 costs [3] - 9816 14213 14215
Council [50] - 412 414 526 688 716 7918 1102 1231 12311 12314 12319 1249 12517 12519 1412 14613 1494 15012 15016 15115 1529
15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 1622 16214 1634 1688 1695 16915 1703 17012 17118 1731 17312 17318 17612 18018 1856 18516 1867 1885 1889 18814 19117 1922 1928 19219
COUNCILLOR [5] -1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
Councillor [3] -11515 1702 1916
councillor [1] - 1914 Councillors [1] -1475
counter [1] - 4316 country [1] - 7816 couple [6] - 411 2411 3518 7716 9818 13317
course [1] - 9713 Court [1] - 11415 court [1] - 1477 cover [3] - 484 12915 12916
covered [3] - 1717 4714 545
covers [2] - 1011 576
craft [1] - 14615 Craigy [2] - 12615 12617
crane [1] - 11316 create [5] - 214 32 286 5311 809
creates [1] - 7314 creating [3] - 303 804 856
creatures [1] - 12019 credit [1] - 7817 criticism [1] - 511 critique [3] - 10719 1082 1084
crossed [1] - 10617 crushed [1] - 289 curb [1] - 1282 curious [1] - 841 current [2] - 818 1355
cut [2] - 10410 1283 cyclists [1] - 10118
D
dally [1] - 479 damage [1] - 2616 damn [1] - 1478 dark [2] - 2216 1043 Dash [1] - 116 DATE [1] - 1961 date [3] - 911 13710 1966
daughters [1] - 1533 day-to-day [1] - 1749 days [4] - 285 11815 1694
deal [6] - 6815 7110 803 1522 1602 1725
dealing [5] - 7912 809 1008 1428 15119
decades [1] - 13616 deceased [1] - 135 December [1] - 912 decibel [1] - 461 decide [6] - 525 11813 12016 1244 12519 15116
decision [6] - 1133 11811 11815 1261 1883 19210
decisions [1] - 1157 deck [7] - 149 2611 301 347 348 3411 357
decker [2] - 1216 1217
decorative [1] - 1079 dedicated [2] - 3319 14818
deemed [2] - 766 1004
deer [1] - 13318 defer [1] - 917 define [1] - 4017 defined [4] - 217 1141 1142 1203
defining [2] - 3815 12010
definitely [1] - 4715 definition [4] - 7710 8212 944 11618
definitions [4] - 214 576 735 11413
degree [2] - 15819 delay [1] - 406 delete [2] - 10714 1295
deleted [1] - 6315
5
delivered [4] - 1953 1957 1958 19510
demand [1] - 9812 demarcate [1] - 3116 demolition [1] - 2819 demonstrate [1] -10514
demonstrated [1] -6113
dense [1] - 3719 denser [1] - 1438 density [2] - 1651 1652
Department [13] -718 10416 11117 1166 11614 14619 15113 15915 1733 1737 1868 1954 1959
departments [1] -16311
describe [1] - 186 described [3] - 6017 801 894
Design [2] - 216 1116
design [1] - 4115 desire [2] - 94 14411
desired [2] - 9710 9719
despite [2] - 1089 detail [2] - 645 1932 details [5] - 403 408 5013 11913 1612
detectors [1] - 10612 deteriorated [1] -1516
deterioration [1] -177
determination [1] -752
determine [4] - 8312 8411 14915 1514
determined [3] - 211 2712 1738
develop [4] - 2913 14318 14319 1611
developed [2] - 2911 3113
developers [1] -14214
developing [1] -16017
Development [8] -113 115 23
13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
development [2] -703 1419
Developments [1] -1273
deviate [1] - 5317 device [1] - 18119 diagram [2] - 786 791
dialogue [1] - 2514 diameter [1] - 1049 diametric [1] - 4013 difference [4] - 4513 469 1299 1561
differences [1] -1105
different [26] - 2415 2416 5419 552 624 625 6916 7018 8412 9015 9410 9411 1109 1142 12013 12019 1225 12211 12219 16110 1622 17414 17415 17811 1827
differently [2] - 197 392
difficult [4] - 5910 5913 6517 1414
difficulty [1] - 16919 dilly [1] - 478 dimensional [2] -816 505
dimensionally [2] -331 504
diminished [1] -1048
diminishing [1] -1416
direct [6] - 736 1069 1115 1389 17819 1798
DIRECT [1] - 19719 Direct [1] - 215 direction [2] - 865 8919
DIRECTION [1] -19719
directions [1] - 3912 directly [2] - 244 6015
directness [1] - 579 disagree [4] - 1587 18215 1839 1848
discomfort [1] - 756 discover [2] - 13215
15516 discovering [1] -15810
discovers [1] - 18412 discretionary [1] -5313
discuss [4] - 3215 3917 4010 1859
discussed [4] - 507 1227 18014 1932
discusses [1] - 707 discussion [13] -5019 5112 1092 10918 12319 13816 15213 16210 1639 1645 1647 1832 1834
discussions [3] -416 10711 17017
disposal [2] - 1459 15714
distance [4] - 1512 455 457 4512
distinction [2] - 996 9911
distribution [3] -1610 1611 1968
District [5] - 817 818 1314 505 1402
district [6] - 16415 16419 1651 1652 1678 1806
Districts [6] - 34 13614 13813 15615 1775 1784
districts [20] - 625 6212 6213 633 637 12918 12919 1383 1388 13815 1417 16416 16419 1658 16516 16610 16614 1744 1818 18417
divide [2] - 198 226 division [1] - 13310 DO [1] - 1965 Doctor [1] - 1428 document [1] - 574 documents [1] -14515
DOES [1] - 19718 dog [1] - 1177 done [15] - 264 2913 436 448
4413 522 7018 886 919 11919 12411 13219 1503 15711
door [4] - 1712 2114 442 6615
doubt [2] - 13114 13312
down [21] - 173 176 2218 485 566 669 8518 865 11111 11117 11514 11515 11613 11615 1173 1183 12011 13819 14315 1536 17817
downwards [1] - 895 draft [9] - 5213 5214 5217 1479 17111 19116 1937 1938 19315
drafted [5] - 7915 1503 15312 1629 17219
drafting [3] - 12510 1604 1843
drawing [2] - 217 3013
drawings [1] - 917 drink [1] - 3417 drive [1] - 761 driven [2] - 641 8813
driveway [10] - 94 95 145 146 1413 1715 8612 8617 1128 1283
driveways [1] -10611
duration [1] - 1012 during [6] - 9712 9713 1063 13319 13515 15410
Dwelling [1] - 210 dwelling [3] - 210 1310 503
dynamics [1] - 10116
easy [3] - 672 11315 18316
echo [1] - 902 edges [1] - 12916 Edmunds [1] - 1087 educational [1] -14219
effect [7] - 152 287 782 1064 14312 1657 16911
effective [4] - 7813 16217 1698 17114
efforts [2] - 918 1218
egress [1] - 149 eight [7] - 111 4217 475 4814 4818 494
either [9] - 495 615 11812 11814 1309 14114 14410 15017 19018
elaborated [1] -16318
Electrical [1] - 9215 electricity [1] - 1467 elements [3] - 10815 10817 1126
eleventh [1] - 18012 elimination [1] -17816
emphasis [1] - 773 empire [1] - 129 empty [1] - 518 enable [1] - 546 enabling [1] - 685 Enabling [1] - 719 enact [1] - 1891 enacted [2] - 18514 18515
enacting [1] - 16216 enactment [1] - 1051 enclave [1] - 2614 encompass [1] -15617
encompassing [1] -9210
encourage [4] - 613 712 4617 14317
end [10] - 97 629 7118 7713 1159 12014 17317 18016 18515 1897
endorsing [1] -18512
ends [1] - 1556 enforce [21] - 5910 7011 1071
E
e-mail [2] - 1014 1323
early [1] - 18815 easel [1] - 1112 easier [1] - 6711 easily [1] - 498 east [2] - 2016 4813
6
11112 11217 1109 1142 7217 19210 222 4112 10313 11517 11813 14710 except [3] - 12814 explanations [1] - fancier [1] - 1564 11814 1291 entirety [1] - 1355 18812 19616 905 far [4] - 1325 14518 12911 14116 entitled [1] - 7714 exceptions [4] - 589 explicit [2] - 11413 1462 1701 14319 1441 entrance [1] - 3116 5812 9212 14713 fast [1] - 15216 14916 15112 entrances [1] - 10710 explicitly [2] - 11013 favor [5] - 511 514 1566 1583 17411 excuse [3] - 13019 1796 15218 15219 18910 19215 entry [1] - 1717 13418 1584 expressed [2] - 464 15917 19216 enumerated [1] - exempt [1] - 1068 14911 favorably [1] - 1102
enforceability [1] - 1388 exercise [1] - 906 extend [1] - 277 fee [1] - 11817 1482 environment [3] - exist [1] - 1808 extended [1] - 16315 feedback [1] - 678
enforceable [1] - 381 10213 1033 existed [1] - 12818 extension [4] - 910 fees [1] - 1131 19214 environmental [1] - existence [5] - 5412 2113 5415 5416 feet [9] - 192 1912
enforced [15] - 6015 7815 5717 1002 extensive [2] - 109 4217 4317 4319 6916 11411 environments [1] - 12712 12713 5811 4818 744 7510 12716 12717 1598 existing [45] - 27 extent [7] - 553 1795 15518 1562 equipment [2] - 172 175 1710 5919 9019 9112 fell [1] - 95 15914 1636 14118 17411 184 1812 2018 9315 13011 fellow [3] - 464 1637 1659 1901 equivalent [2] - 855 222 3315 369 14716 4917 7916 1906 1907 1408 3610 3815 544 exterior [4] - 2617 felt [3] - 1509 19011 era [1] - 14513 561 566 5611 3010 948 10511 16214 19310
enforcement [33] - Errata [4] - 1952 6218 7012 7110 external [2] - 1155 few [3] - 467 915 5313 5912 5914 1955 19513 7114 806 953 1178 1898 6317 641 644 1967 956 973 977 extra [2] - 1689 field [1] - 1513 6411 7018 759 ERRATA [3] - 1951 9814 1149 1188 1898 figure [4] - 627 832 8813 9115 19517 1963 12011 1282 extremely [2] - 4518 1565 15813 9319 985 1106 errata [1] - 1966 1308 13113 466 19213 1118 1119 espouse [1] - 15611 13214 13411 eye [1] - 667 figures [1] - 1131 11115 11118 essence [1] - 15517 1516 1561 1566 file [2] - 6419 14411 11518 1204 13819 1394
essentially [4] -5817 929 9317
16117 1649 16719 1721
F filed [2] - 17314 17316
14114 1522 15619 1601 16314 16417 1721 1723 1896
enforcer [1] - 11612 enforcing [2] - 586 888
engage [1] - 1246 engaging [1] - 16019 engineered [1] -15419
engineers [2] -10211 10810
enhancement [1] -1519
enjoy [1] - 784 enjoyment [2] -11214 1413
enlargement [2] -9412 9414
enlarging [1] - 957 enormous [1] - 4512 enter [1] - 148 entering [2] - 10613 1798
enthusiasm [1] -16211
9918 established [2] - 696 13517
establishment [1] -1382
estate [1] - 74 et [1] - 213 etcetera [5] - 2610 1069 17816
evening [3] - 46 121 2314
eventually [2] - 6812 1685
everywhere [1] -9613
evidence [1] - 616 exacerbated [1] -333
exactly [8] - 813 10917 13617 1514 16110 16111 1747 19210
examine [1] - 6911 example [4] - 6912 10214 14211 1467
17218 1757 1896
expand [2] - 12913 12916
expanding [1] - 1041 expansiveness [1] -9516
expedient [2] -17110 1759
expense [1] - 1186 experience [4] - 386 7014 912 15814
experienced [2] -1191 16019
expert [8] - 6818 914 1114 15016 1513 15416 15514 1603
expertise [4] - 10416 10418 14115 14118
experts [7] - 10414 10811 1121 1339 1531 1557 16813
expiration [1] - 911 expire [1] - 10911
facade [3] - 63 488 4812
facilitate [1] - 601 facilities [1] - 17616 Facilities [1] - 216 facility [2] - 1746 17410
facing [4] - 1111 1026 15117 17616
fact [10] - 568 604 766 792 8115 8216 12716 1583 1592 1824
factors [1] - 582 failing [1] - 14215 fails [1] - 1821 fairly [1] - 3016 fall [8] - 1501 17317 17617 18117 1862 1888 18815
falling [2] - 1661 1825
falls [1] - 944 familiar [1] - 241
filled [2] - 69 713 final [5] - 9912 11815 11816 11915 1302
findings [1] - 506 fine [5] - 2515 6713 10417 1138 15811
finish [1] - 1386 finished [1] - 1132 firm [1] - 1093 firs [1] - 3518 first [23] - 48 2310 248 283 5018 576 6818 693 714 7116 799 8114 8818 908 9118 10216 10219 12614 13110 1349 1549 15919 1932
firsthand [1] - 7010 five [1] - 1449 fix [18] - 615 11016 11510 15412 1553 15616
entire [3] - 1012 examples [3] - 6919 Expires [1] - 19716 families [1] - 9910 17514 1767 12912 14613 7010 10912 explain [1] - 12711 family [7] - 122 18010 18019
entirely [4] - 2817 exceed [2] - 723 explaining [2] - 1483 1317 1416 1518 18513 18515
7
8 18519 1869 1739 15816 657 6717 7313 hearing [15] - 118 1881 1891 1894 forwarded [1] - 1927 grain [1] - 10417 814 8219 881 5114 5218 5315 19012 four [1] - 1039 grandfather [2] - 913 981 9912 683 8114 1011
fixed [2] - 19310 fourth [1] - 1056 1122 1157 10013 1075 11819 1399 19311 fox [1] - 13318 grandfathered [6] - 12118 1551 1436 14911
fixing [1] - 6812 framework [2] - 554 1139 11410 1882 16611 17312 fixture [17] - 793 5514 1285 1328 guesses [1] - 16813 1765 1932 827 8211 8213 8616 921 923
frankly [3] - 4510 4612 15612
13810 14512 grandfathering [19] -
guy [2] - 1191 11911
hearings [1] - 5714 HEARINGS [1] - 26
926 933 11010 free [1] - 662 9611 1099 1106 guys [4] - 1192 hedge [8] - 2418 11012 11315 11716 1307
friendly [1] - 1262 frivolous [6] - 7611
11013 1137 1167 1207 1208
1195 12016 19114
276 2918 429 4315 448 4818
13010 13016 17510
834 835 837 14112
1278 12817 1332 1394 1451 H
495 hedges [1] - 414
fixtures [8] - 567 FROM [1] - 1613 14917 1508 hedging [1] - 4212 602 603 6014 10516 11714 17418 18116
flashing [2] - 10118 1074
flawed [1] - 14912 fledged [1] - 1692 floodlight [1] - 1828 floodlighting [3] -13613 17917 1807
floodlights [1] - 1744 floor [4] - 211 63 283 851
focus [3] - 2910 15619 18116
folks [3] - 397 496 13216
follow [1] - 10011 Following [1] - 219 following [4] - 214 5213 17815
foot [22] - 126 1715 199 2113 4810 4814 495 6118 6514 6515 6610 723 7217 749 842 852 855 8517 1025 11912 1569
footprint [1] - 2817 FOR [1] - 12 foregoing [1] - 19616 FOREGOING [1] -19717
form [2] - 5217 1747
former [1] - 7014 fort [1] - 1571 forth [5] - 1028 15610 1841 19113 1979
forward [10] - 3819 4119 4913 5516 6410 6413 807 12318 1716
front [4] - 146 1711 3519 8613
full [2] - 1102 1692 full-fledged [1] -1692
fuller [1] - 16114 fully [2] - 543 1507 functional [1] - 9715 fundamental [1] -1202
fundamentally [2] -12019 14912
funds [1] - 15717 future [2] - 8010 1514
G
game [1] - 14411 garage [2] - 1212 148
garbage [4] - 302 1197 1473
gate [1] - 8618 gee [1] - 18211 GENERAL [2] - 12 22
general [8] - 539 558 642 7716 8919 915 1291 15711
General [2] - 218 802
generally [6] - 862 971 14517 1547 15917 18915
gesturing [1] - 787 given [2] - 2413 1855
glare [1] - 216 glasses [1] - 516 goal [1] - 18517 gonna [1] - 11813 gosh [1] - 15518 government [1] -
1602 17519 1761 1877
grandmothering [1] -1878
granted [3] - 814 445 1137
grates [1] - 284 Great [1] - 4312 great [18] - 49 3013 3018 329 336 338 339 4111 4216 4419 516 713 714 816 919 16218 1749
greater [2] - 210 553
green [1] - 1216 Green [3] - 1399 13915 1401
Greg [1] - 1115 GREGORY [47] -1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
grey [1] - 13318 grocery [1] - 1511 gross [2] - 211 1911 ground [4] - 63 383 788 864
grow [1] - 4217 grows [1] - 10117 guess [18] - 1019 2411 2815 3311
half [13] - 127 128 1219 139 458 6118 662 6610 723 7217 7518 8116 1405
hand [2] - 1915 19711
handbook [1] - 1153 handle [1] - 11110 hands [1] - 593 hands) [1] - 512 happy [5] - 4416 451 1497 1499 19110
hard [3] - 477 844 11315
hardship [4] - 13211 13215 13216 13218
harm [1] - 16218 harmed [1] - 14311 Harvard [1] - 13310 HAWKINSON [2] -14712 1914
Hawkinson [1] -14712
head [4] - 168 10119 1022 15513
health [7] - 1112 1115 1331 1335 1423 14210 14216
hear [8] - 3016 3017 402 675 12118 1251 19110 1924
heard [14] - 55 5017 6814 12317 12618 13111 13413 14113 1445 14415 14714 1621 16317 17515
HEARING [1] - 12
height [5] - 414 429 4212 4215 14010
held [2] - 5718 16310
help [8] - 8116 1226 1324 13218 13813 16019 1612 1624
helpful [1] - 17014 helps [3] - 1397 15819
hereby [1] - 19617 hereinbefore [1] -1979
hereunto [1] - 19711 hi [1] - 1110 Hi [1] - 1446 HID [3] - 12813 13013 13014
high [5] - 279 6119 629 667 11316
higher [1] - 1651 highlight [1] - 7817 hire [6] - 10414 15016 1522 15416 1603 16812
historian [1] - 13618 historical [1] - 1043 hit [1] - 8018 hold [4] - 8513 1051 1252 1571
home [1] - 1519 homeowner [1] -1183
honorable [1] -17612
hood [1] - 13213 hope [4] - 1158 1694 16914 17810
hopefully [2] - 8818 11511
hoping [4] - 1414
9 679 1266 1928 1835 1863 1866 10310 1111 indulge [1] - 14017 494 1977
horizontally [1] - 863 18612 18616 14816 15117 indulgence [2] - interesting [3] - 785 Hospital [1] - 1127 18619 1873 1523 18616 2513 3119 9110 1215 hot [1] - 1033 18812 18819 importantly [1] - industrial [3] - interests [1] - 1846
Hotel [2] - 89 812 18915 1903 1515 16610 1743 interfere [1] - 3914
hour [3] - 116 1092 1908 1912 1916 impossible [1] - 17517 interim [2] - 1623 18012 1919 1936 10314 inexpensive [1] - 16917
hours [2] - 1192 house [37] - 127
19314 Hugh [8] - 17 42
improper [1] - 1459 improve [1] - 1275
4218 infestation [1] - 1457
interpretation [1] -1849
128 129 1219 139 1310 222 244 2419 2518 269 2617 3017
3118 8011 8319 1212 14413 15214
Hughs [1] - 751
improved [2] - 335 4910
improvement [1] -8017
informal [1] - 16918 information [1] -19219
informed [1] - 13619
interpreted [1] - 9119 interrupt [1] - 1348 interrupted [1] -6712
376 414 437 hundreds [1] - 12714 improving [1] - 2919 initial [2] - 5317 intersection [1] -4315 4318 458 husband [1] - 135 impulse [1] - 1425 8215 1284 4719 489 4810 4816 742 743 I
IN [1] - 19711 inaudible [3] - 1077
initiate [1] - 16016 insert [2] - 17812
invisible [1] - 1716 involve [1] - 933
8612 9419 953 1157 17315 17815 involved [1] - 248 968 1059 10510 10511 1177 1184 1282 1289 1879
houses [1] - 481 hue [1] - 4215 hues [2] - 4216 4217
huge [1] - 10517 HUGH [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693 1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831
idea [6] - 517 2613 338 355 4211 1664
ideal [1] - 15414 ignore [1] - 1728 ignored [1] - 1366 illegally [1] - 1364 illuminance [8] - 581 582 848 8417 851 8515 8517 862
illuminating [1] -1024
illumination [3] -598 7715 11618
Illumination [1] - 33 illustrating [1] - 887 imagine [1] - 13313 imagining [1] - 856 immediate [2] - 5011 15715
immediately [2] -7114 17313
immortal [1] - 19019 immune [1] - 1418 impact [7] - 1514 984 1032 10518 12919 1518 1677
impacted [1] - 12917 impacts [1] - 16516 implementing [1] -17711
implication [1] -1854
implications [2] -1204 1207
implicit [1] - 14714 imply [1] - 632 important [12] -3618 371 396 434 437 9111
inaudible) [2] - 202 484
Inaudible) [2] - 2311 12116
INC [1] - 117 incandescent [2] -12810 12815
incandescents [1] -12812
inches [1] - 1048 inclined [1] - 916 include [6] - 363 364 16015 1732 1796
included [9] - 577 589 596 5918 7914 10618 1614 16112
includes [1] - 1331 including [3] - 9115 18716 18918
income [1] - 1813 incorporate [1] -1219
increase [1] - 592 increasingly [1] -7815
incredible [1] -19113
indeed [1] - 718 Index [1] - 36 indicate [1] - 19512 indicated [2] - 914 1808
indicating [1] -12512
Indirect [1] - 215 indirect [3] - 32 34 734
individual [3] - 654 756 7511
indoor [3] - 596 599 10213
Inspectional [4] -941 9812 14510 15718
Inspector [1] - 206 install [3] - 9215 1759
installed [2] - 562 13611
installer [2] - 6110 6113
installing [2] - 8815 10218
instance [4] - 588 5814 5818 987
instances [2] - 5510 1756
instead [1] - 653 INSTRUCTIONS [3] -1951 19511 1964
instructions [1] -1968
instrument [2] -1046 15811
instrumentation [1] -1206
instruments [1] -11619
insurance [2] - 75 1184
intend [1] - 2916 intended [3] - 722 16011 1799
intends [2] - 6416 1755
intensely [1] - 15815 intensity [1] - 858 intent [2] - 539 7413 intention [1] - 1698 interaction [1] - 382 interest [3] - 3014 413 12619
interested [3] - 2412
inward [1] - 272 issue [32] - 2918 307 4210 5313 541 545 715 773 777 7815 7818 881 1122 11910 12216 1242 1305 1337 13311 13313 14917 1507 1508 1512 15119 1602 1648 1766 1844 1845 18611 1887
issues [11] - 6412 8018 872 1272 1338 1515 1516 15117 1525 15812 1682
item [5] - 48 51 5111 648 1353
iteration [1] - 312 itself [6] - 364 3616 5215 6012 19514 1966
J
jail [1] - 8717 jam [1] - 417 Jeff [25] - 5116 521 529 6712 711 713 7618 797 904 906 9019 10015 10017 10112 1066 1108 1142 12710 1294 13415 1606 1662 16818 1717 1742
JEFF [31] - 528
6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514 9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
Jeffs [2] - 1217 1225
Jo [3] - 1317 1319 19016
JO [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
job [7] - 516 6812 713 714 887 1012 1324
John [2] - 14711 14712
JOHN [2] - 14712 1914
judgment [2] - 1719 18314
July [3] - 13 415 55
jurisdiction [1] - 461 justification [1] -1426
kinds [2] - 9919 1248
kitchen [2] - 4316 4815
knowledge [5] - 319 349 7418 912 19710
known [1] - 1361
L
lab [1] - 1406 lack [4] - 14117 14118
lacks [2] - 14114 1435
ladder [2] - 4318 442
laid [3] - 946 1473 1879
Lamp [1] - 215 lamp [1] - 5910 lamps [1] - 1022 land [1] - 1153 landscape [2] - 2913 4412
landscaping [1] -5013
language [35] - 2816 5516 5517 609 726 7313 765 7914 1015 10115 1225 12317 12318 1264 12914 12916 1617 1618 1628 16216 1649 1653 16712 16816 1716 17218 17614 17619 1774 17719 17916 18114 18211 18519 1877
languages [1] -14610
large [2] - 3016 15819
largely [1] - 5317 larger [1] - 1616 largest [1] - 1043 last [18] - 510 98 4412 5314 715 772 10813 10918 11716 12117 1267 13116 1405 14013 14911 1619 1817 18711
lastly [1] - 1148 late [1] - 1813 law [8] - 5411 559 774 9919 1291 1421 1847 18919
Law [5] - 717 1166 1733 1736 1868
lawful [1] - 12718 lawfully [4] - 5412 12712 12713
laws [3] - 546 548 698
Lawson [1] - 1974 lawyer [1] - 1837 lawyers [1] - 11214 laxer [1] - 1437 layman [1] - 1275 laymens [1] - 845 learned [1] - 13817 lease [2] - 3615 3815
leases [7] - 361 369 3610 4017 4613 4616
least [10] - 666 9318 1042 12913 1596 16417 18411 18911 1902 19317
leave [3] - 9217 1333 1358
leaving [1] - 10613 left [6] - 1210 1217 6116 6311 8213
legal [11] - 151 154 563 6819 922 11211 1169 1365 1396 16912 1845
legitimacy [2] -12719 13112
legitimate [1] - 7516 Lesley [2] - 104 108 less [5] - 1818 192 5312 14311 1523
lesson [1] - 14011 letters [1] - 11812 level [9] - 4517 462 662 7419 753 14219 1655 16518 17012
Li [5] - 134 136 2713 439 4418
Lianne [6] - 212 1118 2718 288 308 499
Liannes [1] - 259 license [1] - 828
License [1] - 19715 life [2] - 9713 1556 Light [2] - 215 215 light [82] - 3115 5113 5611 604 6011 6019 616 663 6614 704 707 7113 736 743 7519 7615 781 7813 7818 8211 8213 849 8413 8414 8416 8417 8419 856 858 8513 8517 8814 893 1025 10219 10414 10516 1072 1073 1074 10815 10817 10818 10819 11011 1113 1114 1115 1124 1129 1138 11311 11312 1143 1147 11518 12011 1307 13115 13214 13315 1388 1389 1429 1432 14312 1453 14919 15119 1535 17819 1798 17910 17914 18116 18117 1825 18212
Lighting [2] - 32 34 lighting [73] - 3111 3113 395 398 3910 3913 5012 544 561 562 566 5611 5615 5815 592 596 599 659 687 703 7016 793 846 8615 8616 898 914 9216 951 953 961 9610 9711 9712 9718 9813 9814 995 10215 10515 1067 10610 1079 10811 1097 1126 11512 11513 11917 1338 13410 13412 13517 1361 13610 1372 1409 14617 1471 1478 1532 1597
16018 1747 1748 17412 17417 1753 1758 17818 18518
lights [22] - 217 3114 3911 8710 10116 10119 10212 1032 1035 10410 10816 1116 1149 11410 1162 1175 12810 13112 13113 1321 1878
limit [1] - 17710 limitations [5] -16411 16414 1722 1724 1727
Limitations [1] - 218 limited [2] - 1002 15113
limits [1] - 1018 Lincoln [1] - 11215 LINE [1] - 1969 line [13] - 1010 2111 2419 261 271 277 455 4610 482 724 745 11217 1353
list [5] - 49 1014 639 10710 12614
listen [2] - 9013 9016
listened [2] - 771 12617
lit [2] - 8117 1129 literally [1] - 296 litigated [2] - 14918 14919
live [4] - 1325 13914 1401 1448
lives [1] - 2311 living [8] - 615 1814 3719 424 1438 14310 14312 14514
Liza [6] - 115 514 617 71 87 1113
LIZA [17] - 414 54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
located [1] - 1044 location [4] - 61 4415 4514 7512
K
Kaya [2] - 89 812 keep [3] - 5316 668 978
Kelly [1] - 11911 Ken [1] - 12616 Kendall [1] - 1762 Kenneth [1] - 12615 KENNETH [9] -12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
key [2] - 4513 1139 KeyWord [1] - 36 kidding [1] - 18710 kids [1] - 77 kind [17] - 286 3012 311 4212 594 651 6511 8413 852 891 9211 1027 16317 1725 17417 1789 1924
10
locations [2] - 1510 1023 15717 15718 2717 308 10318 modified [4] - 5517 671 map [1] - 157 MEANS [1] - 19718 1076 1368 15911
long-term [1] - 18517 March [1] - 1132 meant [6] - 568 Merrimack [1] - 1116 1617 look [22] - 513 103 MARILYN [4] - 5613 631 974 meter [2] - 8511 modify [2] - 33 532 242 2417 298 13912 13916 1159 1653 8514 moles [1] - 1342 305 3714 496 13919 14316 measure [9] - 8414 method [1] - 11010 moment [5] - 509 6213 663 6912 Marilyn [2] - 13912 8510 8511 metrics [1] - 1603 533 1348 17016 6918 815 10619 1401 15013 1553 mic [1] - 1802 1814 1174 11810 Marjorie [2] - 1399 15613 16216 microphone [2] - money [2] - 13218 13117 1567 13910 1633 16313 674 677 14117 1748 1754 1755 mark [1] - 492 measured [2] - 852 midsummer [3] - month [2] - 406 18317 Mark [6] - 2311 863 413 1695 1705 1579
looked [4] - 59 196 2315 4310 4415 measurement [1] - might [39] - 272 months [3] - 411 6919 11610 472 4718 874 293 294 295 915 1898
looking [13] - 5712 MARK [15] - 2314 measuring [1] - 297 4218 447 mood [1] - 393 5715 646 779 258 2519 263 15413 4413 482 4814 morning [2] - 242 7713 788 1061 266 279 2714 meat [1] - 15913 5718 606 7114 1195 17414 17415 2814 305 315 mechanical [1] - 499 782 966 993 mortar [1] - 172 17610 17613 3110 3117 329 mechanicals [3] - 996 1007 1032 most [14] - 77 246 1778 1789 491 493 388 389 3810 10317 1052 3710 4713 597
looks [6] - 105 Marks [1] - 451 mechanism [3] - 10512 10518 7711 9110 9111 2016 253 306 market [1] - 1022 6916 823 8813 1063 1079 16215 1654 761 10812 marks [3] - 254 mechanisms [2] - 12314 1348 17113 17114
lots [1] - 189 19514 1966 819 15916 1435 1437 1759 1813 loud [1] - 4511 markups [1] - 1858 Medical [1] - 13310 15818 16217 mostly [1] - 5210 low [1] - 6210 marriage [1] - 1976 meet [1] - 14515 16517 16519 motion [8] - 4913 lower [2] - 6617 masonry [1] - 178 Meeting [1] - 25 1689 17118 4918 5014 5019 1652 Mass [2] - 701 meeting [14] - 47 1779 1867 511 10117
lowering [1] - 14215 14713 413 415 418 18613 1904 10611 1072 lowest [1] - 662 MASSACHUSETTS 2914 6710 mile [1] - 7518 Mount [1] - 1127 Luminaire [1] - 215 [1] - 1972 13116 1696 mind [4] - 4118 mouth [1] - 14414 luminaire [3] - 664 Massachusetts [6] - 1704 1705 1707 7215 835 10617 move [4] - 3011 1795 1799 15 16 1117 1856 1857 mine [1] - 259 4119 6410 676
luminance [6] - 847 1045 1403 1404 18511 minimal [1] - 746 moved [4] - 106 848 8411 8415 match [1] - 1713 meetings [2] - 11113 minimally [1] - 1514 138 5015 1739 855 15610 material [4] - 289 1817 minimum [4] - 211 movement [1] - 272
lux [2] - 8511 8514 1034 1035 1036 materials [2] - 2716
meets [3] - 1913 732
1818 665 13011 minor [2] - 796
moving [1] - 4511 multi [4] - 999
M 415 matter [11] - 102
MEMBER [2] - 1613 673
1654 minute [3] - 111
10313 1578 1579
magic [1] - 116 magnitudes [1] -10411
mail [2] - 1014 1323 main [1] - 17812 maintain [3] - 5610 9516 973
maintenance [1] -5013
Maintenance [1] -216
major [6] - 1103
4314 6115 14019 1421 1422 14417 1572 1976 1977
matters [4] - 4010 6819 916 16814
maximizing [1] -14214
mean [25] - 3410 384 483 7515 8211 832 839 883 9315 963 9613 10415
Member [7] - 18 19 19 110 110 111 111
members [7] - 121 513 7916 908 9013 1237 15511
Members [2] - 42 4917
memo [5] - 7914 7918 19116 1924 1929
memorialize [1] -
1086 1254 minutes [2] - 479 11914
miscellaneous [1] -706
misgivings [1] -14419
missed [1] - 1436 missing [5] - 7711 7715 785 11413 17713
mistaken [1] - 9913 models [1] - 5719
multi-family [1] -10313
multi-month [1] -1579
multi-unit [1] - 999 multi-year [1] - 1578 multiple [2] - 1449 14610
municipal [20] - 687 11917 1453 14615 14616 1478 15018 1541 15419
1104 1201 10614 1261 1149 modern [2] - 14011 15712 1601 13718 14210 12717 13013 memorialized [1] - 17413 16017 16018
Manager [4] - 113 13912 1644 1163 modification [4] - 16212 1692 15115 16310 1654 1717 1726 memorializing [1] - 16719 1683 1701 18717 17119 17914 1809 1277 1688 17018 Municipal [7] - 547
manager [1] - 23 1852 memory [1] - 9913 modifications [4] - 694 8314 1096 manner [3] - 552 means [5] - 8417 mention [1] - 432 5211 5310 1097 11018 6413 1574 8516 12717 mentioned [4] - 16113 1629 1247
manufactured [1] -
11
Murphy [2] - 113 23 MURPHY [1] - 5015 music [2] - 1532 1536
must [6] - 659 951 14416 1467 1727
N
nails [1] - 12011 name [6] - 1115 2312 352 3514 13919 1446
natural [1] - 9713 nature [1] - 295 nay [1] - 1538 near [1] - 4815 nearby [2] - 159 1510
nearly [1] - 7712 necessarily [3] -5610 6417 7518
necessary [1] - 269 need [21] - 2616 327 387 388 3812 3814 3819 411 6314 9012 9016 9319 10414 11713 12415 12913 12915 14618 15713 1861 19310
needed [1] - 15015 needs [6] - 2912 1512 1531 15711 15719 1921
neighbor [6] - 4419 463 6615 6811 788 878
neighbors [1] - 443 neighborhood [11] -67 1514 1519 2319 11116 1121 11612 1193 1321 13314 13316
neighbors [10] - 384 3913 5819 7612 11211 11212 11419 1457 17511
network [1] - 685 never [3] - 1159 12715 1287
new [25] - 211 214 32 49 84 173 2819 5518 5616 5915 634 6313
703 817 828 9215 958 9716 1184 12110 1309 1368 1369
newer [2] - 602 1752
news [2] - 412 1610 newspaper [1] - 1611 Newton [2] - 701 801
Newtons [1] - 6919 next [13] - 410 51 104 1013 112 416 442 5111 6316 6615 7613 11519 1869
next-door [2] - 442 6615
nice [6] - 304 3718 4114 496 4911 11616
nicely [1] - 11519 night [12] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 10117 10412 11617 11619 1206 1337 13314 1344
nightmare [1] - 8219 nobody [3] - 3218 14511 18213
noise [14] - 2717 287 3015 416 4516 4517 4617 498 6912 7112 1409 14210 1432 1532
Non [2] - 27 28 non [44] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 195 3219 333 337 4919 558 5512 569 5611 602 6213 6819 7110 7910 816 9112 9116 922 9212 9216 973 978 979 992 9919 1005 1009 10510 1073 1074 1285 1286 1364 1396 15110 1806 1896
non-conformance [1] - 15110
non-conforming [23] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 7110 7910 816 922
9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1396
non-conformities [2] - 333 9116
non-conformity [9] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 973 978 979 992
non-continuous [2] -1073 1074
non-enforcement [1] - 1896
non-residential [4] -195 4919 6213 1806
Non-Residential [2] -27 28
non-zoning [2] -6819 1005
nonetheless [1] -15814
Norfolk [2] - 56 714 noses [1] - 296 NOT [3] - 19514 1965 19718
Notary [3] - 1967 1975 19714
notations [2] -19514 1966
note [7] - 619 6414 656 657 734 1043 1964
noted [2] - 7413 19617
notes [4] - 14014 1696 17112 1979
nothing [4] - 4611 4614 1454 1708
notice [1] - 1847 notify [1] - 1673 notion [3] - 1552 1694 17016
nowadays [1] - 4518 noxious [1] - 14311 nuisance [2] - 805 11213
nuisances [1] -11218
number [3] - 210 665 1165
numbering [1] - 575 numbers [1] - 2510 NUR [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
Nur [2] - 111 1917
O 8616 8617 9912 1023 1025 1029 1055 1065 1077 1118 11217 1195 1258 12710 12814 1333 14810 14916 1533 1534 1535 15617 1608 1626 16415 1757 17517 1778 18015 1917 19317
ones [1] - 1414 one-story [3] - 1210 1311 1815
onerous [2] - 994 1186
ones [4] - 2018 214 216 11717
ongoing [1] - 808 open [8] - 225 334 3313 3315 342 3511 3715 5218
opening [1] - 958 openings [3] - 2015 2017 1799
opinion [2] - 6013 19317
opossums [1] - 1343 opportunities [1] -6412
opportunity [3] -4010 1674 18210
opposed [2] - 8316 10218
opposites [1] - 1534 opposition [1] - 403 opt [1] - 17310 order [4] - 535 6715 1058 14016
Ordinance [56] - 214 5410 554 556 594 684 695 6915 705 7011 747 7810 7812 791 802 10919 11018 11217 11816 1247 12411 1279 12816 12911 1306 13416 1352 1356 1357 1358 13510 1362 13615 1374 13712 13713 13716 13717 1381
oclock [1] - 475 OGrady [1] - 13119 objections [1] - 1933 observation [1] -15515
observations [1] -1549
observatory [1] -10410
observed [1] - 6015 obviously [7] - 2615 357 3617 484 7719 963 15112
occupancy [1] - 1181 Occupancy [1] -1186
occupied [2] - 1317 186
occupier [1] - 2315 occupy [1] - 502 occur [1] - 2817 occurring [1] - 3014 October [1] - 2319 OF [7] - 12 673 19516 1972 19717 19718 19719
Off-Street [1] - 216 off-street [1] - 17615 offenses [1] - 706 offensive [1] - 17510 offer [3] - 1007 1335 17213
offering [2] - 12410 12412
office [5] - 73 75 989 1406 16616
OFFICIAL [1] - 118 officials [1] - 12213 often [5] - 11712 1182 1605 1746
old [2] - 601 6313 older [1] - 1752 on-line [1] - 1010 once [3] - 1099 11012 1555
one [68] - 418 59 715 127 1210 1311 154 1719 1815 1913 2015 227 2215 267 2812 3214 379 423 459 4716 5315 541 5510 5618 5916 6414 656 6514 6515 7013 7111 723 804 8213 8513
12
13 1393 1407 overreach [1] - 764 711 718 374 9918 1279 person [7] - 2310 14114 1426 overshadow [1] - 422 428 4216 13317 643 6418 835 14417 14518 4815 4312 456 8319 past [3] - 285 445 11814 12614 1462 14611 owe [1] - 19316 8610 8714 8718 6811 1317 14614 1511 own [7] - 2318 8810 8910 path [4] - 4810 personally [4] -1543 1593 5817 593 14215 13017 1311 9319 11417 6813 1501 1527 16612 17718 1556 16813 14314 1539 17117 17513 17814 18412 17311 15318 paved [1] - 2812 personnel [1] -18511 owned [2] - 134 Pamela [2] - 19 43 pay [3] - 9815 1144 15416
ordinance [25] - 1617 paragraph [11] - 1431 persons [1] - 1438 4516 6913 7112 7113 9915 1004 1097 11512 11513 1372
owner [26] - 1118 1315 1317 1412 1418 186 1811 2315 3619 614
1295 12910 13415 1354 1377 1384 16118 1684
PB282 [1] - 27 pending [1] - 1691 people [38] - 3416 372 3714 382
perspective [3] -8017 9115 9116
Petition [25] - 5113 812 11517 1465
1454 14616 649 6415 6418 17113 17114 383 4717 5116 14912 1502 14617 1478 653 742 755 1905 603 6719 7319 1528 15311 15018 1542 7514 804 805 Paragraph [1] - 217 7516 7912 8217 1616 1626 1647 15419 15712 9311 10315 parallel [1] - 17117 993 1027 1041 1667 1697 1601 16018 16213 1692
10317 13016 1756 18210
parameters [2] - 899 1015
1057 10519 11111 1161
17611 17613 17618 17713
18518 18718 Ordinances [6] -5712 597 5919 623 6619 15519
owners [1] - 744 owner-occupied [2] -1317 186
owners [7] - 562
pardon [1] - 249 park [1] - 5819 parking [23] - 92 145 1411 1417
11613 1175 1206 12419 1345 13813 13815 1433
1816 18115 18416 18512 18719 1923 19211 1934
ORIGINAL [1] - 1958 783 10311 1309 1419 151 153 14312 1458 petition [40] - 217 original [10] - 5516 1518 1519 154 155 201 1513 1522 1581 5311 5317 5319 578 5813 764 17517 432 502 659 1669 18014 5516 564 578 9010 1373 1646 1735 1952 1959
ownership [1] - 188 Oxford [1] - 72
6516 661 6612 6616 1049 1746
1863 19114 19119
5813 626 6310 6319 656 6514
originally [5] - 9612 17410 1758 peoples [1] - 3710 8112 821 9010 9918 1372 1502 1529
P 1761 17615 Parking [2] - 29 216
per [3] - 211 192 855
9517 10014 10619 11611
otherwise [3] - 4710 606 1147
ought [3] - 1251 15016 16619
ourselves [2] -18414 18415
outcome [2] - 9710 1977
pm [2] - 14 19319 pack [3] - 417 681 1828
package [2] - 2613 5212
packs [1] - 6810 PADEN [17] - 414
part [20] - 2217 245 6913 6914 9915 10419 10517 13416 14417 1452 1465 14611 14615 16018 1685 16817 16919
percent [2] - 1209 perfect [3] - 7712 12414 15911
perhaps [5] - 613 998 12710 1381 1686
period [2] - 1002 14617
12012 12017 1217 12116 1221 1224 12214 1231 12311 12513 1267 1271 1357 15911 16618 1735 17311
outcomes [1] - 1105 outdoor [14] - 3111 3113 3618 4012 4614 598 10213 10610 13613 1744 17410 17411 17917
54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
Paden [1] - 115
1813 18617 19011
participate [1] - 1441 participated [1] -1101
particular [8] - 818 273 541 5719
permanent [1] - 1067 permeability [1] -415
permeable [1] - 2811 permissible [1] - 210 permission [2] - 445 891
1782 1784 petitioner [2] - 6018 10014
phone [1] - 1093 phonetic [1] - 13911 photo [2] - 2612 895
1807 outgrow [1] - 483 outside [3] - 6513 9811 1474
overall [6] - 1011 5310 553 5514
PAGE [2] - 19516 1969
page [13] - 574 576 585 5917 608 6112 6316 658 1352 17813
646 7512 876 14016
particularly [7] - 67 417 424 12212 14914 15312 16315
Permit [14] - 27 814 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 9214 9215 1172 11713
physical [2] - 6014 1598
picture [1] - 1124 piece [7] - 4412 5618 816 833 1052 12511
5618 6016 overbroad [2] -14913 1505
overhang [2] - 1715 2113
Overlay [1] - 816 overlook [1] - 245 overly [1] - 966
17817 Page [3] - 219 572 1967
pages [1] - 573 pains [1] - 1577 painting [2] - 2610 968
PAMELA [24] - 514 65 611 616 79
parties [3] - 281 7710 1976
parts [1] - 1783 party [4] - 262 759 787 1957
pass [2] - 1235 1276
passed [4] - 915
permit [5] - 210 911 314 941 1016
Permits [1] - 758 permits [1] - 12817 Permitted [1] - 31 permitted [3] - 1001 1068 10615
1332 pieces [1] - 1939 pitch [1] - 8619 pitches [2] - 10815 10817
place [6] - 167 1245 1333 1596 1624 18911
placed [1] - 1111 portion [4] - 2812 primarily [1] - 498 1797 proposing [14] -places [3] - 5717 666 1353 13818 primary [4] - 2910 pronged [2] - 802 1315 141 144 1064 1415 portions [2] - 215 1425 1521 8616 1417 174 179
plan [25] - 1011 1351 16212 proper [2] - 752 1710 1714 183 1719 187 2317 position [1] - 12111 principle [2] - 6017 1096 1261 1262 1687 2417 2418 255 possibility [2] - 2413 1837 properly [1] - 1473 18510 1881
2619 2815 292 17010 principles [1] - properties [9] - 1215 prospective [1] -2912 2916 3011 possible [11] - 5319 15611 1218 1717 782 9113 3111 3113 339 601 6815 9211 privacy [2] - 275 16512 16517 protect [2] - 14216 3910 3915 4111 9717 9718 9911 3617 17416 1794 14815 7015 9813 9815 13011 13012 private [7] - 3319 property [70] - 1319 proved [1] - 823 10517 10518 1416 1437 3618 376 377 142 144 154 provide [7] - 3910 1176 possibly [3] - 5811 3712 3717 3914 156 1813 2017 5418 615 645
planned [4] - 4818 1077 1479 privatization [1] - 2019 2111 223 6412 9211 1909 14110 1447 postpone [1] - 1246 14212 2218 233 241 providing [1] - 155 1708 potentially [2] - 611 pro [1] - 808 245 2419 257 provision [13] - 559
PLANNING [2] - 12 7414 pro-active [1] - 808 258 259 2517 5815 5915 642 1961 power [3] - 1005 problem [19] - 615 261 271 276 704 767 1078
Planning [21] - 47 17117 1892 686 719 7913 277 3317 3510 1298 15517 814 91 919 powerful [1] - 12812 803 8019 1099 443 455 4610 15614 16515 118 5314 5810 practical [3] - 4313 12115 12119 482 489 5014 17019 1721 12016 12219 11710 1854 1221 1223 562 614 6416 provisions [4] - 571 12618 1475 pre [3] - 7012 7110 13015 13210 6418 653 6611 17717 18111 15817 1672 1068 14218 1459 708 724 736 1896 1687 17310 pre-exempt [1] - 15414 1634 742 744 745 provocative [1] -1883 1886 1941 1068 1809 18214 755 7514 783 1314 19512 1964 pre-existing [2] - problematic [1] - 784 804 805 Public [4] - 14510 19616 7012 7110 12215 9311 10312 1967 1975
planning [4] - 303 predicate [1] - 1143 problems [5] - 679 1128 13810 19714 311 446 1844 preempt [1] - 18818 1216 12111 1414 1518 1657 public [17] - 103
plans [6] - 59 3018 preference [2] - 402 1226 1463 1661 1679 118 209 239 7014 1175 1179 12316 procedurally [1] - 17517 1791 5114 5713 5819 1182 premise [1] - 1202 1554 1792 1793 1796 595 6718 9014
plant [1] - 448 premises [1] - 17617 procedure [2] - 1797 17915 1112 12619 plantings [2] - 267 2619
pleased [1] - 304 plighting [1] - 8712 podium [1] - 2312 point [21] - 215 2115 2118 3518 6410 6519 6714 724 8415 8519 867 926 9314 1056 1077 1259 1491 1492 1663 1686 1882
pointed [2] - 895 1108
pointing [2] - 1592 16413
points [3] - 4714 796 1938
police [1] - 1005 policy [2] - 1184 1728
poor [2] - 839 8910 population [2] -1424 14815
porch [1] - 7614 porches [1] - 10611
prepared [1] - 3916 present [3] - 5813 14813 14814
presentation [5] -515 903 12211 14715 15411
presented [1] - 1529 presenting [1] - 521 Preston [2] - 111 44 PRESTON [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
pretty [12] - 6811 9616 12412 15810 15811 15815 15817 16014 16816 16819 17316 1864
prevents [1] - 735 previous [3] - 281 11418 14810
previously [2] -1584 18013
16812 17015 proceed [2] - 3119 527
process [26] - 203 204 207 249 2911 407 645 648 7610 8118 10013 1016 10311 10419 10917 10918 11414 11510 1168 1188 12014 12113 1247 16016 16413 17313
process-wise [1] -10013
produce [1] - 1036 produces [1] - 10217 productive [1] - 1712 professional [4] -868 1573 1611 1844
professionals [1] -11018
profit [1] - 14212 prohibiting [1] -
18118 1826 18210 18213
propertys [1] - 134 proponent [5] - 1617 3312 388 3910 9010
proponents [1] -9612
proposal [18] - 1513 195 2914 3216 338 9012 937 1013 1014 1277 15218 16318 16319 1685 1754 1771 17812
propose [4] - 452 1683 17018 18519
proposed [20] - 221 267 3319 5211 533 539 568 5716 7118 9314 9517 12413 1358 1367 1368 1618 1717 17217 18110 19212
1284 14216 14818
PUBLIC [1] - 26 publish [1] - 1673 pull [1] - 1938 pulling [1] - 1172 Purpose [1] - 7714 purpose [4] - 3411 5419 551 7812
purposes [1] - 275 pursuant [1] - 28 pursue [1] - 688 put [26] - 516 1010 1015 4213 4318 442 4913 5516 5910 681 8710 964 10214 10215 10216 10717 11311 1244 13615 14016 1474 15417 16915 17314 18813 18814
Putnam [7] - 27 119 1119 123 124 125 1215
14
putting [3] - 989 10219 1177
rating [1] - 582 ratio [2] - 665 667 rationale [1] - 523 rats [1] - 1472 re [3] - 5319 14615 1681
re-advertise [1] -1681
re-advertisement [1] -5319
re-craft [1] - 14615 reached [3] - 16716 17215 1874
reaction [2] - 1275 1812
read [8] - 33 748 13918 17716 1781 1785 18211 19616
reading [4] - 692 8514 19512 1964
ready [1] - 4912 real [13] - 74 418 4513 871 10010 11017 11018 11019 11511 11513 15417 15615 16210
reality [1] - 1725 realize [1] - 393 really [56] - 1716 365 366 3719 395 425 4811 587 6110 682 741 774 791 7913 7919 8111 832 857 8619 905 9710 9810 1014 10115 10414 10417 10617 1081 11114 11419 1164 11913 12115 1332 1513 15116 15216 1531 15310 15312 15410 15414 1577 15715 1592 1647 16411 16413 1786 18013 19119 1924 1925 19215 19218
Realty [1] - 72 rear [6] - 176 268 3318 413 4719 4816
reason [12] - 5511
669 1111 1308 1391 14010 14310 1638 1757 18312 19011 1965
REASON [6] - 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614 19615
reasonable [3] -6114 6611 11213
reasonably [1] -9114
reasons [2] - 10317 19513
recap [1] - 18713 RECEIVED [1] -19518
received [1] - 1846 recent [1] - 1742 recently [4] - 77 264 1404 14113
recess [3] - 111 114 519
recessed [1] - 3114 recognized [1] - 151 recollection [2] -9916 1007
recommend [13] -102 688 10413 12310 1266 1276 14612 1494 1502 15612 1616 1884 18913
recommendation [30] - 5112 5214 5215 5217 716 7918 814 8110 9016 9617 10017 12516 12518 1263 1293 15012 15211 15616 16015 16016 1615 16212 1731 1733 1843 18714 18715 18717 18917 18919
recommendations [6] - 10018 1464 1481 15918 17214 1926
recommended [5] -205 652 6516 6918 16113
recommending [4] -965 1528 15219 18018
reconfigure [1] - 93 reconstruction [1] -5416
record [3] - 1934 1957 19618
RECORD [1] - 118 recording [1] - 648 recourse [2] - 614 15719
redirect [1] - 8819 redrafted [1] - 7712 reduce [3] - 501 13010 13015
Reduction [1] - 29 reduction [2] - 144 1919
refer [2] - 11010 11012
Refer [1] - 1967 reference [4] - 7118 1067 1349 15019
referenced [1] -15916
references [1] - 1569 referred [3] - 5115 975 1101
referring [3] - 4914 11718 1774
refers [3] - 1074 11010 1777
reflected [1] - 877 reflecting [1] - 1751 reflection [1] - 217 reflects [1] - 1011 regard [1] - 7212 regarding [1] - 18716 regular [1] - 6710 regulate [1] - 6013 regulated [2] - 6010 6012
regulation [8] - 609 6016 6313 6314 13411 1566 1623 1632
regulations [9] - 505 5617 634 636 659 698 888 945 1562
regulatory [1] -17618
reinventing [1] -1563
relate [2] - 412 247 related [8] - 307 416 1272 1303 1305 15314 15319 1976
relates [4] - 757 759 1599
relating [2] - 509
5011 relative [2] - 226 10015
relief [7] - 1918 4915 806 1136 15715 1581 1909
rely [2] - 5312 16312
remain [2] - 188 1001
remains [2] - 6016 7210
remedy [1] - 14611 remedying [1] -14119
remember [5] - 617 813 97 8113 1646
remind [4] - 473 476 10013 1057
remove [3] - 31 34 176
removed [1] - 454 renovate [1] - 172 renovation [4] - 247 355 4716 10517
renovations [1] -2617
rental [3] - 1813 3318 364
renter [1] - 6419 renting [2] - 139 8218
REP [1] - 1962 repair [1] - 269 repairs [1] - 969 repeatedly [2] -10415 1429
rephrase [1] - 7315 REPLACE [1] -19516
replace [5] - 216 178 11313 11315 13016
replaced [1] - 9711 replacement [3] -601 956 11312
replacing [3] - 1713 923 1138
report [1] - 17119 reported [1] - 1156 Reporter [2] - 1974 19714
REPORTER [1] -19719
REPORTERS [1] -117
represent [1] - 2217 represented [1] -4011
Q
quadrupled [2] -1381 14519
quantify [1] - 12416 questions [17] - 51 2012 2015 2213 246 2410 536 6716 711 9819 1062 1248 1249 1314 15014
queue [1] - 17314 quick [24] - 2012 2014 5619 9819 10011 1089 10810 11016 11510 1545 15412 1553 15616 17514 1767 18010 18019 18314 18513 18514 18519 1869 1881 18819
quickly [2] - 9717 1235
quiet [4] - 4515 4518 466 1413
quite [8] - 2618 4114 4516 496 12417 13616 14011 1495
quoted [1] - 12712
R
rabbits [1] - 1342 raccoons [2] - 13318 radius [2] - 148 778 raised [5] - 5314 6512 13311 1663 18413
raising [2] - 1337 1845
Raising [1] - 512 ramifications [1] -18319
ran [2] - 135 136 range [2] - 622 668 Ranjit [3] - 11615 1199 19214
Ranjits [1] - 14816 rapidly [1] - 1416 rather [9] - 207 405 6011 6710 728 1307 1543 16916 1885
15
representing [1] -1117
REPRODUCTION [1] - 19718
request [8] - 2414 591 643 654 1274 14714 14716 14717
requested [1] - 99 requesting [1] - 1816 require [5] - 5318 9311 961 986 1176
Required [1] - 29 required [6] - 201 271 291 502 1179 14116
required) [1] - 1967 requirement [3] -927 9316 967
requirements [7] -2416 6510 702 7119 7211 986 1569
requires [5] - 9214 1143 1205 15712
research [1] - 917 reservations [1] -15210
residence [5] - 1313 1317 1416 1518 341
Residence [8] -1314 633 638 13614 13813 1774 17918
residential [24] -1812 195 196 4919 501 6212 6213 997 998 1298 12915 1301 1417 1651 1652 1657 1661 16614 1678 17616 1806 1818 18417
Residential [5] - 27 28 28 29 34
resolution [2] -11416 11417
resolved [4] - 6413 7415 1452
resolving [1] - 1192 respectful [2] - 412 18412
respects [2] - 331 334
respond [5] - 524 594 649 6716 12315
responding [1] -12315
Response [1] - 1488 response [5] - 5118 589 1274 14014 1937
Response) [1] - 3213 rest [6] - 608 655 10716 10717 14217 1509
restart [1] - 17312 restaurant [1] - 9810 restrict [1] - 10311 Restrictions [2] - 32 34
restrictions [3] -1154 1155 17818
result [1] - 817 results [1] - 10519 retail [7] - 517 61 62 64 66 69 712
retain [1] - 5310 retaining [1] - 6218 reuse [1] - 175 reuses [1] - 4114 review [4] - 7015 808 9510 16617
reviewed [3] - 918 1095 16512
reviewing [2] - 7015 13418
reviews [1] - 1063 revised [2] - 12318 15211
revision [2] - 58 15011
revisions [3] - 531 13719 15212
rewrite [1] - 1103 rewriting [1] - 1901 rezoning [1] - 818 rhythm [1] - 1339 rightful [1] - 1596 rights [3] - 4613 4615 5014
risk [1] - 1277 ROBERT [1] - 1446 Robert [2] - 1447 15313
Roberts [5] - 5116 529 1823 1937 19315
ROBERTS [31] - 528 6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514
9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
rodent [2] - 1457 1458
Roger [1] - 116 roof [3] - 221 317 1198
roofing [1] - 436 roofs [1] - 3115 rooftop [3] - 387 389 3810
room [4] - 6710 8512 1194 1533
rotted [1] - 302 roughly [1] - 126 round [1] - 1858 routes [1] - 159 rubbish [2] - 1459 14512
Rule [1] - 7910 rule [2] - 197 485 Rules [1] - 547 rules [5] - 569 588 9217 976 14814
run [2] - 1099 1189 runs [1] - 1591 RUSSELL [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693
1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831 1835 1863 1866 18612 18616 18619 1873 18812 18819 18915 1903 1908 1912 1916 1919 1936 19314
Russell [4] - 17 42 1336 14413
section [7] - 7712 7716 7810 1158 11719 14614 1777
Sections [1] - 215 security [1] - 871 see [42] - 68 2317 259 2611 284 2815 3214 359 4812 766 7615 7913 7917 8819 9614 1017 1023 1024 10217 10411 1071 10815 10816 10819 11014 1125 1161 1162 1174 1271 1273 13211 1439 1493 16010 16617 17417 17418 17419 18410 1857 19019
seeing [1] - 1862 seek [1] - 208 seeking [1] - 1919 seem [4] - 913 1554 1558 19010
sell [1] - 1183 semi [3] - 377 3712 3717
semi-private [3] -377 3712 3717
send [6] - 1016 896 11812 1193 18313 19218
sending [1] - 15917 Senior [1] - 15 sense [6] - 355 3918 12513 15013 1718 17216
sensor [1] - 1072 sent [2] - 5212 16115
sentence [2] - 12117 18315
sentences [2] - 7717 15618
sentiment [1] - 903 separate [1] - 694 separation [1] - 6212 September [1] -19711
series [3] - 1211 1618 11611
serious [2] - 13214 1333
seriously [1] - 12914
S
Sacramento [1] - 515 safe [1] - 3317 safety [6] - 591 1112 1113 1332 1335 1423
SAM [1] - 3416 Sam [2] - 353 366 SAME [2] - 353 19718
sat [2] - 11514 11515
saw [2] - 772 16613 scattered [1] - 14014 scenario [1] - 5913 schedule [1] - 477 scheduled [1] - 112 schematic [1] - 2915 School [1] - 13310 science [1] - 15910 scope [11] - 5311 5316 5318 9210 9516 10618 1117 1666 16618 1735 17617
scratch [1] - 16718 screen [2] - 786 792 scrutiny [1] - 1749 Sean [1] - 13118 Seated [1] - 1917 seated [1] - 115 second [10] - 129 183 5016 5017 912 10210 1317 13110 15515 1628
secondly [3] - 909 1049 1292
Section [16] - 28 29 29 32 33 548 7117 7119 7713 831 11816 1355 1681 17816 18410
16
servant [1] - 14818 serve [1] - 16819 serves [1] - 9913 Services [4] - 941 9812 14510 15718
servicing [1] - 488 session [1] - 1888 set [10] - 558 729 7210 8812 11914 1619 16114 16116 1979 19711
setback [2] - 2416 272
sets [1] - 8811 setting [1] - 6618 sever [1] - 14613 several [5] - 121 573 908 10711 14811
shadow [2] - 10217 1036
shall [12] - 209 5411 5413 5414 7119 737 1068 12712 17617 17819 1796
share [2] - 4716 1533
shared [3] - 95 2110 19117
shed [2] - 1197 sheet [4] - 1058 11817 1965 1966
Sheet [4] - 1952 1955 19513 1968
SHEET [3] - 1951 19517 1963
shielded [1] - 894 shielding [1] - 7212 shine [1] - 875 shines [1] - 1389 shining [2] - 859 1035
shirts [1] - 1468 shocking [1] - 1813 shop [1] - 69 short [4] - 114 519 15613 1671
short-term [1] -15613
shortcomings [1] -14419
Shorthand [2] -1974 19714
shorthand [1] -13419
shortly [3] - 106
2618 1463 shot [1] - 1209 shoulder [1] - 4215 show [3] - 9813 9815 1384
showed [3] - 275 10912
shown [4] - 3010 3012 3916 12110
shows [4] - 158 3911 792 12212
shrubs [2] - 481 4812
side [11] - 125 128 1210 1212 1712 1715 2016 3816 437 904 14410
sides [1] - 255 sidetrack [1] - 13519 Sieniewicz [3] - 110 44 1336
SIENIEWICZ [15] -2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
sighted [1] - 13317 sign [4] - 9914 1004 19513
Sign [1] - 1966 SIGNATURE [1] -1951
signed [1] - 1956 SIGNED [1] - 19517 significant [4] -2819 5519 5612 14917
significantly [1] -13015
Signs [1] - 218 signs [2] - 1001 10912
similar [2] - 655 1542
simple [5] - 1119 1537 1631 17110 17111
simplicity [1] - 11110 simply [7] - 3811 8918 14119 1452 14612 18216
Singanayagam [1] -14719
single [4] - 1317 1416 1518 1719
single-family [3] -1317 1416 1518
sit [1] - 1537
site [5] - 109 1817 7015 7113 1155
Sitting [1] - 42 situation [4] - 335 5818 7012 818
situations [1] - 8010 six [6] - 1211 406 479 1131 11819 1288
six-story [1] - 1288 size [3] - 1818 1382 1461
skill [1] - 19710 skin [1] - 14411 skip [1] - 583 skipping [1] - 549 sky [7] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 1043 10412 1337
sleep [1] - 1339 sleeping [1] - 1342 slide [1] - 11418 slipped [1] - 1003 small [7] - 361 578 1054 10812 1165 1518 1519
smaller [3] - 2216 9910 16116
smart [1] - 447 sneak [1] - 11015 so [1] - 698 socialization [1] -14213
sodium [1] - 12813 sole [1] - 19112 Solet [3] - 1317 1319 1428
SOLET [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
Solicitor [2] - 16913 1734
Solicitors [1] -16616
solicitors [1] - 1094 solution [1] - 16213 solve [5] - 685 686 8119 1226 1462
solving [1] - 8316 someone [6] - 4913 7518 8817 9213 987 13818
someplace [1] -16818
sometime [1] - 13515 sometimes [5] - 443 444 5216 6210 11313
somewhat [1] - 1047 somewhere [2] -
8410 17011 sonar [1] - 10215 soon [1] - 413 sooner [1] - 6710 sorry [11] - 2014 574 6712 712 737 1066 1258 1347 13917 17712 1803
sort [26] - 76 2513 605 6017 6318 726 729 774 7716 856 8512 864 8615 9119 946 974 978 11614 13411 13419 14017 1553 16716 16719 18318 1842
sorts [2] - 281 15519
sought [1] - 4915 sound [2] - 5012 1542
sounds [2] - 1864 18811
source [4] - 8415 8513 8517 1307
south [1] - 125 southern [1] - 4813 space [19] - 518 61 64 152 154 225 2517 301 304 334 3313 3315 343 3511 3618 377 4012 4614 495
Space [1] - 27 spaces [6] - 66 1418 156 171 3715 3914
speaker [1] - 15919 speakers [1] - 1349 speaking [2] - 14517 1693
special [6] - 647 1297 1369 13610 1382 1707
Special [11] - 27 813 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 758
specific [8] - 4914 5513 617 648 6910 9518 18510 1884
specifically [4] - 509 5010 824 1933
specified [1] - 9310 specify [4] - 461 598 9310 9518
spend [2] - 10914 1192
spent [2] - 5714 1092
spill [5] - 6613 6614 7213 7216 7819
spilling [3] - 6610 781 7814
spoken [2] - 2718 909
spot [1] - 615 spots [1] - 3115 spread [1] - 858 springs [1] - 1158 Square [1] - 1762 square [7] - 126 192 198 1912 2216 2316 855
SS [1] - 1973 Staff [1] - 115 staff [15] - 5116 5117 713 717 918 11617 11619 12316 14115 14814 1503 1525 16311 16615 18317
staffs [1] - 752 stair [1] - 149 stairs [1] - 3011 stance [1] - 1635 standard [15] - 1914 6114 621 6515 6516 6612 6613 7218 747 7411 863 1255 1393 1395 17418
standards [17] -5312 558 5716 581 587 598 618 622 624 7210 733 869 8812 1437 1471 17413
standing [3] - 773 8216 10818
start [7] - 914 294 3217 521 14910 1563 16718
started [2] - 1131 16413
starting [1] - 17810 starts [4] - 5213 559 573 1753
State [1] - 12711 state [4] - 546 548
17
559 697 statement [1] - 1908 statements [1] -19618
stations [1] - 158 status [5] - 810 922 1365 13610 1397
stay [1] - 477 stenographic [1] -1979
step [2] - 5619 16513
Steve [6] - 3716 423 8912 9017 1576 1592
Steves [3] - 16318 16319 1855
STEVEN [50] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 185 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3217 3717 4015 4110 4117 459 473 8717 885 8912 8914 8917 9019 9219 938 9313 9417 957 9512 963 9818 1017 1347 1547 16715 17015 17116 17211 17712 1781 1786 1811 18311 1851 1895 18914 19016
Steven [4] - 19 110 43 44
still [19] - 697 765 9812 1046 11417 12111 1504 1506 15014 16810 16812 17317 1755 1773 1774 17915 1823 1861
stone [1] - 289 stop [1] - 6715 stopgap [7] - 15013 15412 1553 15613 16713 16811 1691
storage [1] - 345 store [2] - 77 1511 storefront [2] - 1211 1714
stories [1] - 181 story [6] - 1210
1311 1719 183 1815 1288
straight [3] - 6413 1476 1926
straightforward [1] -6013
strain [1] - 1413 straining [1] - 776 strategies [1] - 1623 Street [17] - 216 57 516 72 714 125 1218 2316 2318 1087 12615 12617 1319 13316 1399 13915 1402
street [7] - 1284 14514 17615 1793 1795 17910 17911
stress [1] - 15716 strict [2] - 971 986 strikes [1] - 14418 strobe [1] - 1075 struck [2] - 992 15410
structural [1] - 5416 structure [20] - 1311 1316 1416 1516 1610 1616 175 1710 184 1815 196 198 337 501 5417 5418 925 948 949 18115
Structures [1] - 28 structures [8] - 5411 5512 6014 7111 7911 999 1752 1753
Stuart [2] - 116 1606
stuck [1] - 14812 students [1] - 14219 studied [2] - 9011 study [6] - 1531 1579 1581 1585 16815 16817
stuff [7] - 817 8218 8310 10015 11110 11317 1196
stuffs [1] - 1098 subdivided [1] - 189 subject [2] - 9011 15212
submit [4] - 12016 12516 17311 1887
submitted [3] - 3919
17219 subscribe [1] -19617
subsequently [1] -138
substance [1] -17217
substantial [3] -5415 932 13817
substantially [6] -5419 551 552 6617 9015 9410
substituted [1] -12015
subtle [1] - 10813 suburban [1] - 671 suddenly [2] - 1761 1805
sue [1] - 11212 sued [2] - 11215 11218
suffer [1] - 14217 sufficient [3] - 147 14815 1571
suggest [6] - 11916 11919 12012 1886
suggested [4] -5816 16514 1676 18219
suggestion [6] -5918 613 716 15319 16219 17213
suggestions [2] -5219 15912
suing [1] - 11211 Sullivan [5] - 2311 2315 3916 409 421
SULLIVAN [15] -2314 258 2519 263 266 279 2714 2814 305 315 3110 3117 329 491 493
Sullivans [4] - 376 412 4315 4718
summarized [1] -497
summer [2] - 18511 18514
sun [1] - 4813 sunset [3] - 9918 1095 10910
superintendent [1] -839
Superintendent [1] -983
Superior [1] - 11415 supersede [1] - 728
supersedes [2] -6313 7311
superseding [1] -697
supplied [1] - 19513 support [5] - 12510 12511 1527 1627 1769
supposed [6] -10818 1091 11016 11017 11510 1168
surface [3] - 2811 857 859
surprised [1] - 13211 surprising [1] - 4014 survey [1] - 263 surveyed [2] - 251 257
surveyor [1] - 254 surveyors [1] - 483 suspect [2] - 1415 1431
switch [1] - 1144
17713 18115 1822 18512 18719 1891 1923 19211 1934 19316
Teagues [1] - 1271 tear [2] - 173 175 technical [12] - 8519 862 867 911 912 916 10416 14115 1568 1612 16814 16912
technology [1] -14012
Ted [5] - 15217 15313 1811 18312 1854
Teds [2] - 5017 1699
telescope [1] - 1044 temporary [4] -16216 1633 16313 1719
ten [6] - 111 475 1085 10911 11914 13516
tenant [3] - 1312 4017 10312
tenants [1] - 3816 tenants [11] - 1312 1411 1413 282 343 3417 3419 356 363 4613 1042
tend [2] - 5215 10212
tends [1] - 6211 term [8] - 32 34 1158 14217 15613 17318 18517 1888
terms [9] - 216 217 225 6119 779 846 985 1207 1615
testified [1] - 18014 testimony [9] - 2010 239 6718 6814 1114 13814 19513 1965 1978
text [24] - 32 35 5213 5214 534 568 6113 6116 6218 639 6310 7416 1368 1374 1483 16112 16118 16412 17815 1885 1887
T
table [1] - 4016 tackle [2] - 12218 talks [6] - 5815 6316 1078 17615 17916 18119
tall [2] - 4217 4814 tandem [4] - 1411 1417 1419 432
Taylor [4] - 12615 12616 13111 1325
TAYLOR [9] - 12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
TEAGUE [4] - 1081 1085 1265 12611
Teague [40] - 213 5113 524 10719 1086 11116 11517 12110 1221 1224 1227 12311 1259 1267 1304 1411 14912 1502 15010 1528 15311 1626 1646 16412 1667 1697 17611 17618 17710 17711
18
THE [10] - 12 118 1613 673 19516 19717 19718 19719
themselves [1] -1238
THEODORE [28] -76 87 913 101 1018 5016 712 7214 739 7315 7318 7417 1065 1375 1499 1662 17319 17512 1773 17715 17912 1803 1819 18215 1833 18310 1865 18912
theodore [1] - 18 Theodore [1] - 42 theory [1] - 1169 therefor [2] - 19513 1965
therefore [2] - 1366 1391
thereof [1] - 1956 thesis [1] - 11318 theyve [4] - 99 1010 12317
thinking [4] - 522 10713 14413 1835
thinks [1] - 14813 third [6] - 141 143 1817 202 203 16219
THIS [2] - 19516 19717
thoughtful [1] - 1899 thoughts [1] - 14415 thousands [1] -12715
three [11] - 98 156 1715 187 2113 243 489 999 10410 1254 1622
three-foot [2] - 1715 2113
throughout [2] -12912 1768
throw [2] - 15315 18212
throwing [1] - 1477 Tibbs [2] - 18 115 TIBBS [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371
8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
tied [1] - 593 tieing [1] - 7511 tile [4] - 10214 10216 10217 10218
timekeeper [1] - 474 timing [1] - 107 tiny [1] - 1025 title [1] - 33 TO [2] - 1961 19718 today [4] - 393 9613 11819 13819
together [2] - 441 10713
TOM [15] - 2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
Tom [2] - 110 43 tonight [6] - 403 4119 12317 15213 15912 16210
took [2] - 1124 14413
tools [1] - 15713 top [1] - 216 touch [1] - 9811 touches [1] - 133 towards [2] - 2218 13610
town [3] - 1093 1094 11216
towns [1] - 1094 traffic [1] - 1029 training [1] - 14117 transcript [9] - 82 1935 1959 19514 1964 1966 1967 19616 19617
Transcript [1] - 25 TRANSCRIPT [2] -19516 19718
transcription [1] -1979
transcripts [2] - 84 85
trash [1] - 345 treated [1] - 6915 trees [4] - 483 8712
8715 8716 trespass [4] - 5113 704 707 10414
trial [1] - 1132 tried [1] - 1107 trigger [4] - 926 9314 9316 9510
triggered [1] - 11712 triggers [1] - 1056 trim [1] - 441 trip [1] - 10513 triple [2] - 1216 1217
trivial [1] - 10812 trouble [3] - 431 1104 11412
true [2] - 6417 1979 try [16] - 207 538 5913 5919 676 719 845 875 9210 9515 9717 981 12217 1466 1624 18517
trying [18] - 168 626 8118 822 8316 10015 10019 11014 11210 1218 12914 1385 1413 1492 15812 17519 18010 18012
Tuesday [1] - 13 turkeys [1] - 13318 turn [4] - 674 836 8513 1606
turning [3] - 148 1517 1541
tweak [1] - 12316 two [37] - 1013 1310 1312 1319 1412 1417 159 1719 1812 2011 2014 222 3115 3315 3318 3519 362 4317 4318 743 796 802 8616 10712 10916 1134 1349 1405 14013 1533 1534 1548 15617 16418 1817 18316 1869
two-family [1] - 222 two-pronged [2] -802 8616
two-unit [1] - 3519 type [3] - 9918 1034 1037
types [2] - 9413 9415
typically [2] - 359 4411
U
ultimate [1] - 16213 ultimately [1] - 7218 unable [2] - 1119 1904
unaware [1] - 13412 unclear [1] - 8212 uncomfortable [4] -776 17513 1764 18017
unconcern [1] -13210
under [30] - 188 296 3011 462 4613 4616 6111 664 6619 696 719 7216 7410 764 9118 1003 1005 1127 11212 11218 11914 1209 1353 1367 1501 15110 16910 17617 17710 1847
UNDER [1] - 19718 undergoing [1] - 104 underlying [1] - 1351 underneath [1] -1354
undersigned [1] -1974
understood [1] -1293
underutilized [1] -1517
unenforceable [1] -1638
unfortunately [1] -1119
uninstalled [1] -8814
unintended [2] -5811 1841
unit [19] - 142 143 1817 192 1913 203 228 2210 309 3016 3314 3519 364 3616 417 853 8613 8614 999
Unit [1] - 211 units [15] - 210 210 1310 1319 187 1812 1817 199
1912 227 317 3318 359 3510 503
University [2] - 104 109
unless [3] - 9912 1004 12112
UNLESS [1] - 19718 unnecessarily [1] -7819
unreasonable [1] -6613
unreasonably [1] -1517
unusual [1] - 2414 up [53] - 66 713 1010 226 3015 3814 4318 537 541 5713 5718 6217 6511 674 681 727 786 7814 7919 8513 865 8615 8710 8814 924 9217 995 10011 10214 1051 10715 11311 11316 12113 13018 1311 13314 1384 14315 15114 15418 1556 1558 15917 1645 16513 17012 17111 18012 18016 1915 1929
Update [1] - 23 update [2] - 49 1017 updates [2] - 1015 1016
upset [1] - 11114 urban [1] - 3719 urgent [1] - 14019 users [2] - 3411 14214
uses [11] - 1811 5411 5513 5518 7110 7115 8613 997 1009 10415 1408
utilities [1] - 1047 utilize [1] - 9216
V
vague [1] - 19216 valet [1] - 91 valiant [1] - 1218 valid [2] - 911 8312 valuable [1] - 19218
19
van [3] - 11515 1702 1914
VAN [5] - 1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
vapor [1] - 12813 variance [1] - 208 Variance [2] - 204 11910
variety [1] - 618 various [2] - 416 16310
verge [1] - 1814 verify [2] - 6019 897 versed [1] - 699 version [4] - 12013 12214 1696 17112
versions [1] - 17811 versus [4] - 7612 8117 827 1113
vertically [1] - 864 Vice [1] - 18 victim [1] - 6810 Victorian [2] - 127 139
view [3] - 2818 4910 7310
views [1] - 16110 violation [14] - 745 767 11412 1278 12815 13113 13118 1321 13410 13518 1361 1362 13611 14915
violations [6] - 1165 12715 12818 1327 13217 1449
violators [1] - 13212 visible [1] - 1116 visually [1] - 6019 volume [5] - 184 674 19512 19514 1966
vote [2] - 401 1814 voting [3] - 4118 513 15311
1534 1535 1536 1758 18814
wash [1] - 857 wattage [2] - 8412 13010
watts [1] - 842 ways [5] - 214 5513 15816 16319 17113
wear [1] - 1469 week [2] - 510 1016 weeks [5] - 1013 406 11819 13317 1869
weighing [2] - 14619 1472
weight [1] - 1689 weird [1] - 853 Wellens [3] - 13911 13913 1401
WELLENS [4] -13912 13916 13919 14316
whatevers [1] -10716
whatsoever [2] -1455 17516
wheel [2] - 1564 WHEN [1] - 19517 WHEREOF [1] -19711
whole [9] - 305 467 769 9111 1122 11315 1167 11912 1305
wholeheartedly [2] -8014 1576
width [3] - 4314 4316 458
wife [2] - 2317 13619
wildlife [2] - 13312 William [2] - 18 115 WILLIAM [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371 8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
WILLIAMS [4] - 3513 3517 3610 3614
Williams [2] - 3514 1399
wind [1] - 14314
window [8] - 1713 2017 284 5911 952 956 958 1798
windows [1] - 383 WINTER [19] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3717 4015 4110 4117 473 8914 8917
Winter [2] - 19 43 WINTERS [25] - 514 65 611 616 79 711 718 374 422 428 4216 4312 456 8319 8610 8714 8718 8810 8910 13017 1311 14314 1446 1539 15318
winters [1] - 15511 Winters [4] - 19 43 1447 15313
wipe [1] - 1117 wise [1] - 10013 wish [4] - 3212 13910 1445 1486
wished [1] - 9612 wishes [1] - 532 wisteria [1] - 442 WITH [1] - 19516 withdrawing [1] -12513
withstanding [1] -1595
WITNESS [1] - 19711 wonder [3] - 292 3019 14416
wonderful [1] - 4111 wondering [5] - 810 2618 10116 1666 16715
wood [3] - 301 346 348
wooden [1] - 2611 word [1] - 10614 words [2] - 14414 1838
works [3] - 9114 11115 15816
Works [1] - 14511 world [3] - 468 1044 1897
worried [1] - 1519 worries [1] - 14511 worth [2] - 6518 772 write [6] - 10015
10513 1225 15518 1561 1929
write-up [1] - 1929 writing [4] - 10019 1247 1323 13918
written [19] - 362 5118 555 723 747 757 768 929 937 9515 1217 1224 1373 13712 13714 13718 1567 18719 19217
wrote [2] - 1153 1163
wwwreportersinc com [1] - 119
Y
yard [12] - 1410 245 2418 2716 291 3318 3519 363 3615 3616 415 8712
yards [2] - 3710 3816
year [4] - 98 8711 1405 1578
years [12] - 98 2319 251 10911 10916 1134 12819 13516 1405 14013 15814 1895
yellow [1] - 1058 yourself [1] - 914
Z
Zelinski [2] - 1974 19713
zero [1] - 12010 Zipcar [1] - 1510 Zone [2] - 14313 1448
zones [7] - 625 12915 12917 1301 1438 1439 14311
Zoning [109] - 24 213 52 55 818 4013 505 534 546 547 5410 5413 554 556 588 5912 5914 6219 642 643 6411 6417 684
6816 695 6914 6915 702 7016 719 7113 758 774 812 822 8314 866 8816 904 945 947 9416 9510 9518 962 972 9916 1052 1054 10512 10514 1061 1098 11118 11217 1164 11816 12411 12511 1278 12719 12815 1296 12911 1306 13419 1356 1369 1407 14113 1426 14417 1454 14518 1462 1465 14611 14614 14710 14918 1501 1509 15019 1543 1552 1555 15519 15615 15810 15817 15818 1597 15914 1616 1617 16112 16117 16118 1649 1659 1687 17718 17813 18011 18510 1884
zoning [2] - 6819 1005
W
wait [1] - 1897 waiting [1] - 15019 walk [1] - 885 walking [1] - 1511 walkways [1] - 17411 wall [5] - 262 681 6810 851 1828
wants [6] - 492
20
6
retail space over time on that location So
even though its in the C-1 it has a retail
facade in that ground floor that corner
retail space
PAMELA WINTERS Well Im always
you know up for having retail spaces
particularly in that neighborhood So my
feeling is that I would like to see that
filled if it is a retail shop
LIZA PADEN Yes
PAMELA WINTERS I dont know if my
colleagues agree with me but I would like to
encourage that
HUGH RUSSELL Youre probably
living closer to that spot than any of us
PAMELA WINTERS Yes What was it
before Liza do you remember
LIZA PADEN Its been a variety of
things
7
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Liza
that used to be the Oxford Street Realty
office right
LIZA PADEN Yes real estate and
insurance office Thank you
H THEODORE COHEN Its been sort
of a kids clothing store most recently I
think
PAMELA WINTERS Right
LIZA PADEN Right Thank you
PAMELA WINTERS Well I would just
like to encourage retail you know that
being filled up so thats it
And well be getting the Norfolk Street
one later
LIZA PADEN August 6th its going
to come back to you
PAMELA WINTERS Okay thank you
LIZA PADEN Thats it
8
HUGH RUSSELL Thats it
Is there a transcript
LIZA PADEN And were working
through the transcripts So theres no new
transcripts yet
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
H THEODORE COHEN Liza can I ask
a question There was an article in the
Cambridge Chronicle about the Kaya Ka Hotel
I was wondering if you knew what the status
of that was
LIZA PADEN So the Kaya Ka Hotel I
dont remember exactly when the Special
Permit was granted by the Planning Board but
theres been a Special Permit for the use and
some dimensional changes in the Overlay
District which were the result of the
rezoning for that particular Zoning District
And then they came back for an amendment to
9
the Planning Board to address the valet
parking arrangement that they wanted to have
in the basement and they had to reconfigure
the driveway because their desire to have a
shared driveway with the abutter it fell
through So that Special Permit I dont
know if you remember but at the end of the
year for the last three years I believe
theyve come in and theyve requested an
extension of the Special Permit So thats a
valid permit and its -- the expiration date
is now December of 2013
H THEODORE COHEN And the article
indicated they were about to start
construction
LIZA PADEN Right We have not
seen the construction drawings yet and we
havent reviewed them for the conditions of
the Planning Board Special Permit
10
H THEODORE COHEN And on another
matter I recommend to all my colleagues and
all the public to take a look at the church
next to Lesley University which is undergoing
a lot of activity and it looks like its
about to be moved shortly
Do you have any timing on that
LIZA PADEN No But Lesley
University has an extensive construction site
that theyve put up on-line and they have an
overall construction plan that covers the
entire duration of the construction and then
they have the next two weeks in action So
theres also an e-mail list that you can
access there and get put on updates of when
they send out the updates every week youll
get an update
H THEODORE COHEN Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL I guess well take a
11
ten or an eight minute recess until 720 for
our next scheduled business
LIZA PADEN Right
(A short recess was taken)
(William Tibbs seated)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay the magic hour
has arrived It is now 720 and we can go on
to our 720 public hearing Planning Board
case 282 533 Putnam Avenue
GREGORY COLLING Hi Would it be
better if I placed the boards facing the
audience I didnt bring an easel with me
HUGH RUSSELL Liza will assist you
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
My name is Greg Colling Im an
architect with Merrimack Design based in
Amesbury Massachusetts and Im representing
Lianne Bensley Shes the owner of 533
Putnam Avenue Shes unfortunately unable to
12
attend this evening but several members of
her family are here on her behalf
So 533 Putnam Avenue is on -- well
Putnam Avenue between Brookline and Acorn
Street Its on the south side of Putnam
Avenue Its roughly a 5000 square foot
lot It has a Victorian half house on one
side Its a half a house Its built in
1869 Its a second empire house And then
on the left side of the lot is a one-story
storefront building that has a series of six
garage bays on the back side of it that have
been added That was built initially in
1922
The abutting properties are 539 Putnam
Avenue Its a triple decker Its a green
triple decker on the left And then the
other abutting properties are on Acorn Street
which is behind the half house
13
LIZA PADEN This is Acorn
GREGORY COLLING And its also --
the corner touches 285 Brookline The
propertys been owned by Li Bensley since
1996 Her husband whos now deceased ran a
construction business with Li and they ran
that business there until 2004 And she
subsequently moved out of Cambridge and has
been renting the Victorian house The half
house is actually two dwelling units And
then the one-story accessory structure is --
has two tenants and it has a business tenant
Its a non-conforming use The residence is
in a Residence C District
So the owner is proposing to convert
the non-conforming accessory structure into a
single-family owner-occupied residence which
is non-conforming Its because there are
two units already on the property So this
14
would be a -- were proposing to add a third
unit on the property
And in addition to adding a third unit
on the property were proposing a reduction
in parking Currently there is a driveway a
12-foot driveway that goes from the front of
the lot to the back There isnt sufficient
turning radius to enter the garage bays
because of an egress stair and a deck that
was built in the yard so currently its used
as tandem parking for the business tenants
According to the owner the two apartment
tenants do not use the driveway at all
So were hoping to -- that youll
allow us to convert this non-conforming
structure into a single-family residence
Were proposing to have two tandem parking
spaces for the use of the owner which I
understand that tandem parking isnt allowed
15
or its not recognized as a legal parking
space So it would be in effect were
continuing the same amount of parking which
is one legal parking space on that property
In addition were providing bicycle parking
on the property for three bicycle spaces
And there is also -- theres a map that weve
brought that shows the bus stations that are
nearby There are two bus routes that are
nearby and also Zipcar locations and theres
a grocery store thats within walking
distance
So we feel that our proposal will
minimally impact the neighborhood We feel
that taking a non-conforming accessory
structure thats deteriorated and
underutilized and turning that into a
single-family residence will be an
enhancement to the neighborhood and to the
16
community
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
STEVEN WINTER May I ask a
question
I want to make sure that I know which
building which place youre talking about
and Im just trying to get my head around
what it is and where it is Is this the
structure that used to be a news distribution
-- newspaper distribution back in the day
Does anybody know that
MEMBER FROM THE AUDIENCE Yes
STEVEN WINTER So I know what that
is now So the only work that were talking
about doing is not to the larger structure
which is owned by the proponent but the work
is on that series of --
GREGORY COLLING Correct
17
STEVEN WINTER -- spaces And is
it to renovate existing bricks and mortar or
is it to tear down and build new
GREGORY COLLING Were proposing to
reuse the existing structure and not tear it
down We do have to remove -- in the rear
corner the deterioration is such that we have
to replace the masonry in the back of the
building But were proposing to work within
the existing structure Were not proposing
any changes to the front of the bidding other
than taking out a door on the side and
replacing that with a window to match the
storefront And we are proposing a
three-foot overhang on the driveway side
which is invisible really to any any
adjacent properties as a covered entry
STEVEN WINTER And is this is the
plan then for one single story not two
18
stories
GREGORY COLLING Correct Were
not proposing a second story Were working
with then the existing volume structure
STEVEN COHEN In your application
you describe this as being an owner-occupied
Is that the plan that the three units will
remain under common ownership Its not
being you know the lots being subdivided
or condoized or --
GREGORY COLLING No the owner uses
the other two existing residential units on
the property for rental income and then she
will continue that and she will be living in
the one-story accessory structure
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre requesting a
third unit on the site but also all the units
will be less than the minimum area size is
that correct
19
GREGORY COLLING Right theyre
less than 1800 square feet per unit Right
WILLIAM TIBBS Okay
HUGH RUSSELL This is a 528
proposal on a conversion of a non-residential
structure for residential use so its looked
at differently There the rule is that you
can divide the structure into 1100 square
foot units
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL And the actual gross
area is for 300 units -- 320 square feet is
going to be one unit so it meets that
standard
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
(Ahmed Nur Seated)
HUGH RUSSELL So the relief youre
seeking is a conversion reduction of the
20
required parking and 5822 and thats
(inaudible) The third thing is the getting
the third unit by Special Permit process not
by a Variance process
GREGORY COLLING It was recommended
by the Building Inspector that I go through
the Special Permit process rather than try to
seek a variance
HUGH RUSSELL Shall we go to public
testimony
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have two
quick questions
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
TOM SIENIEWICZ Sorry two quick
questions One the openings on the it
would be looks like the east side of the
property the window openings those are
existing the ones that are close to the
property
21
GREGORY COLLING Correct
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay And then can
you just --
STEVEN WINTER Which ones are
these Could you point that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ The ones at the top
of the drawing
STEVEN WINTER Yes okay Thank
you
LIZA PADEN This is the shared
property line
TOM SIENIEWICZ And then the
extension of the three-foot overhang on the
-- over the door is --
GREGORY COLLING Want me to point
that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ If you could just
point that out
GREGORY COLLING Yeah that
22
proposed cantilever roof is right here This
is the existing two-family house thats on
the property
TOM SIENIEWICZ Yes
And so then in terms of the open space
how does that divide up relative to the
units on the -- is it assigned to one of
every unit
GREGORY COLLING Its assigned to
this unit
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Are there any other
questions
STEVEN WINTER Actually I do
Mr Chair just one more
The smaller dark square does that
represent a part of the buildings on the
property Its down towards the bottom
LIZA PADEN This
23
STEVEN WINTER Yes that
GREGORY COLLING Thats an abutting
property Thats 186
STEVEN WINTER Thats not what
were talking about
GREGORY COLLING Correct
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Okay so were going
to go to public testimony And by
coincidence the first person to speak is
Mark Sullivan who lives at (Inaudible) Go
to the podium and give your name and your
address
MARK SULLIVAN Good evening Im
Mark Sullivan the owner and occupier of 6
and 8 Acorn Street which is the black square
on the plan that we see there My wife Ann
and I own 6 and 8 Acorn Street Weve -- in
October will be 29 years in the neighborhood
24
That property is very familiar to me We
look out every morning as I make coffee and
all of our -- all three the bedrooms in the
house are very very closely directly
overlook the yard part of the property And
thats thats where most of my questions
relate to for this renovation And this is
the first time Ive been involved in such a
process so Im -- pardon me if Im not asking
the right questions whatever they may be
I guess -- so theres a couple of
things that Im interested to know about if
theres a possibility given this building is
unusual and theres a request for a you
know a different approach if in that case
any setback requirements are different
Because if we if we look on the plan the
yard plan that hedge that is close to my
house -- I dont think that property line has
25
been surveyed in the 29 years that Ive been
there And it just seems to me that -- and
if Im correct it almost looks like theres
some surveyor marks on some of the other
sides of the plan
GREGORY COLLING We had the
property surveyed
MARK SULLIVAN The property between
Liannes property and mine I didnt see
numbers here
GREGORY COLLING I believe it was
HUGH RUSSELL With the Boards
indulgence I think we can allow this sort of
dialogue
TOM SIENIEWICZ Thats fine
GREGORY COLLING This is your
property right here and you have space behind
your house
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
26
GREGORY COLLING The property line
is right against the party wall
MARK SULLIVAN Okay so that survey
was done recently
GREGORY COLLING Right
MARK SULLIVAN So with the
plantings that are proposed the -- one of my
concerns is being able to access the rear of
my house for necessary repair you know
painting etcetera etcetera Currently its
a wooden deck which you can see in I think
its your photo 10 that you have in the
package which will also give you an idea of
how close we are in this little enclave So
my concern is obviously not wanting to cause
any damage to that if -- and I do need to do
some renovations to the exterior of my house
quite shortly So again Im wondering if
the plan is to bring those plantings right to
27
the property line or whatever required you
know inward movement or setback might be in
this particular case
GREGORY COLLING Well I think we
showed for privacy purposes we showed a
hedge thats on thats against the property
line It wouldnt extend over your property
but its on -- against that boundary
MARK SULLIVAN Right And how high
does that going to be
GREGORY COLLING We havent
determined that yet but Im sure thats
something we can work out with Li
MARK SULLIVAN The other thing I
just wanted to call to attention is going to
be the use of the yard and the materials
used I mentioned some concern about noise
Ive spoken to Lianne you know certainly I
certainly dont think shes going to be
28
having the sorts of parties that previous
tenants have had Weve also have had a
break-in on our first floor which is why you
see grates on the window But you know
those were past days But because of the
way you know the buildings kind of create
this amplified almost noise effect Im
just -- Lianne said that theres going to be
maybe a crushed stone material used
GREGORY COLLING Yeah there will
be permeable surface back there and theres
one paved portion of the area thats closer
to the building
MARK SULLIVAN And then something
also I dont see in the plan I guess the
language thats used is the work will be --
will occur entirely within the footprint of
the building But in my view theres going
to be significant demolition and new
29
construction required in that yard area So
I wonder you know if theres a plan on how
long thats going to -- when that might
start How long that might go on What the
nature of that work might be Again thats
its literally right under our noses so I
would just like to understand what that might
look like
GREGORY COLLING Well again our
primary focus has been to get through the
Special Permit process and we developed a
plan Theres more work that needs to be
done to develop the landscape but we have a
proposal here that we brought to this meeting
and thats you know basically a schematic
plan for what we intend to do And Im sure
that you know we have we can work with you
if you have an issue with the hedge but I
think were again were improving the
30
space Were taking out that wood deck
thats rotted thats with the garbage cans
back there And were planning on creating a
nice space that I think youll be pleased
MARK SULLIVAN It will look a whole
lot better than it looks currently And
again the -- and so the other related issue
when I spoke with Lianne and I mentioned this
to you that this air conditioning unit
thats shown in the exterior that she did
say her plan is to move it under the stairs
but since that is not shown in this kind of
drawing you know I would have a great
interest in that occurring because of the
you know the noise that comes right up from
that fairly large unit and we hear it we
certainly hear it in our house And its
great that she says that she plans to do
that But I just wonder how that would be
31
kind of confirmed through the planning and
the iteration
HUGH RUSSELL We can do that We
can make that a condition of a permit
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
Will there be any air conditioning
units on the roof
GREGORY COLLING Not to my
knowledge
MARK SULLIVAN And is there any
outdoor lighting plan
GREGORY COLLING We havent
developed an outdoor lighting plan other than
to have recessed lights at the cantilevered
roofs Just two little spots that light and
demarcate the entrance to the building
MARK SULLIVAN Uh-huh
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh youve asked
our indulgence but I think we should proceed
32
on
HUGH RUSSELL Continue on
WILLIAM TIBBS And the conversation
youre having you can continue to have
and --
STEVEN WINTER And you should
WILLIAM TIBBS -- but we need to
get back on this
MARK SULLIVAN Great thank you
very much
HUGH RUSSELL Okay Does anyone
else wish to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I see no one
wanting to speak So now we will discuss
this proposal
STEVEN COHEN Well Ill start if
nobody else will Its currently a
non-conforming use a non-conforming
33
dimensionally in many respects And with the
changes I dont think any of the
non-conformities are being exacerbated In
many respects from the use to the open space
that the situation is being improved in
almost every aspect I think its a great
way to use this non-conforming structure and
I think its a great idea great proposal
and a great plan for this lot
HUGH RUSSELL Bill
WILLIAM TIBBS I guess I have a
question for the proponent You said that
the -- all the open space was going to be
used by the converted unit and so theres no
open space available for the existing two
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
Theres safe access on to the property for
the two rental units but the rear yard will
be private and dedicated to the proposed
34
residence
WILLIAM TIBBS And how is the open
space being used currently by those tenants
GREGORY COLLING It isnt Its
basically a trash storage area
WILLIAM TIBBS What about the wood
deck
GREGORY COLLING And the wood deck
to my knowledge I havent seen it used
WILLIAM TIBBS I mean what was its
purpose What were the users of the deck
Was it a commercial --
GREGORY COLLING Im not sure
WILLIAM TIBBS Was it commercial
use
SAM BENSLEY People would go out
there and have a drink and tenants in the
building
WILLIAM TIBBS The tenants --
35
HUGH RUSSELL Could you give us
your name please
SAME BENSLEY Sam Bensley
WILLIAM TIBBS Other than for me
the idea of the renovation makes sense Not
allowing the tenants who even though they
may not have used it that deck obviously was
there for their use to -- when you have we
typically like to see if there are units on
the property that all of the units there have
some benefit from the open space
GREGORY COLLING Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS Actually can I say
something My name is Chris Williams Im
Ms Bensleys brother
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS And I think I can
point out a couple of things Firs it that
there is a front yard to the two-unit
36
building Its very small And the leases
that weve written for both of the two
tenants do not include the yard at all They
only include the rental unit itself So
they dont even really have access to the
backyard They havent really used it as Sam
said And they dont use it now
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre saying that
the existing leases --
CHRIS WILLIAMS The existing leases
do not --
WILLIAM TIBBS -- theyre not
allowed to use --
CHRIS WILLIAMS They dont allow
them to use the yard The only lease is to
the actual unit itself and not to the yard
GREGORY COLLING Obviously privacy
having a private outdoor space is important
to the owner
37
WILLIAM TIBBS Its also important
to other people too
GREGORY COLLING Right
PAMELA WINTERS Yes
HUGH RUSSELL Its not completely
private because of Mr Sullivans house So
its a you know a semi-private space
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL One that I would
characterize most peoples yards in
Cambridge
GREGORY COLLING Semi-private
HUGH RUSSELL Yes You may control
who comes into it but many people look at
the open spaces
Steve
STEVEN WINTER The semi-private
concept is very nice I like that And it
really is living in a dense urban
38
environment Believe me theres going to be
interaction and contact between the people in
the windows and the people on the ground I
mean theres -- theyre neighbors and thats
going to happen so we want to make it the
best experience for all of them
I need clarification on the rooftop
mechanicals So I need for the proponent to
say clearly there are no rooftop mechanicals
or there are rooftop mechanicals and this is
what they are So thats simply something
that we need clarification on
And I -- I -- just because it was
brought up I think that we are going to need
clarification on the existing lease defining
the tenants access to the side yards Now
Im not sure what I would say if it didnt
say that but I think as long as its been
brought forward we just need to confirm
39
that I feel And if my colleagues feel
differently you know just tell me and I
realize Im being in a bad mood today or
whatever it is we can do that
And I think the lighting is also really
important to us And weve got a lot of
folks in the city who are concerned about the
lighting
Mr Chair is there a -- theres a
lighting plan that the proponent can provide
us right that shows where the lights are
and what directions they go that would assure
us and the neighbors that the lighting will
not interfere with their private spaces
HUGH RUSSELL Such a plan could be
prepared and shown to Mr Sullivan and it
could you know discuss it and come to an
understanding of what made sense and it can
be submitted to us or submitted as a
40
condition you know of the vote I think my
preference is since I dont hear you know
much opposition tonight there are details to
be worked out but the concept seems to be
acceptable So Id rather not you know
delay our approval by a month or six weeks
but Id like to have a process to make sure
that the details are worked out that
Mr Sullivan has consulted and has an
opportunity to discuss his matters with his
abutter And I think whats been represented
to us is that the outdoor space is more
diametric than the Zoning of the building and
its not surprising that we would do that
STEVEN WINTER Okay let me then --
let me take off the table confirming that the
leases -- to the tenant leases define whether
they can or cannot I think Im okay with
that And I concur Mr Chair with what you
41
had said but I do believe that we need to be
respectful of Mr Sullivans areas of
interest which are accessing the rear of his
house the height of the hedges the use of
the yard materials and its permeability that
are next to him and noise related
particularly the air conditioning unit I
think those are real concerns
GREGORY COLLING Sure
STEVEN WINTER I also agree this is
a great plan Its a wonderful use Its a
family that you know has been in Cambridge
for a long time and I think its -- and it
reuses a building in quite a nice way I
congratulate you on the design
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
STEVEN WINTER So yes I concur
And I wouldnt mind voting it appropriately
tonight to move it forward but I do want to
42
make sure that Mr Sullivan is taken care of
PAMELA WINTERS Could I just say
one thing I concur with what Steve just
said and particularly living so close to the
air conditioning that could be really
bothersome
GREGORY COLLING I understand
PAMELA WINTERS Yes And also the
height of the hedge just because Ive gone
through this myself you know this issue
myself You know do you have any idea as to
what kind of hedging or height you want to
put in there
GREGORY COLLING It would probably
be a hue thats shoulder height
PAMELA WINTERS Hues are great
And hues grow to be eight feet tall and
theyre inexpensive So that might be a good
choice
43
And I dont have any trouble with the
tandem parking so I just wanted to mention
that too
And also I think its important for the
abutter to get into you know if he has to
have some roofing done or something done on
the side of his house its important for him
to get into that little area
GREGORY COLLING Im sure that Li
would be amenable to working with Mark on
that
PAMELA WINTERS Great Okay
HUGH RUSSELL Its a practical
matter if its only the width between
Mr Sullivans house and the hedge it
appears to me the width of a kitchen counter
So its about two feet You cant actually
put a ladder up against the house in two
feet so theyre going to have to work
44
together And you know when I trim my
wisteria I put my ladder on my next-door
neighbors property and you know sometimes
I ask her and sometimes I assume the
permission thats been granted in the past
carries over You know if hes planning to
do some work it might be smart to maybe not
plant the hedge until the work is done if
that you know if that can be worked out as
an arrangement
GREGORY COLLING Well typically
the landscape work is the last piece thats
done so that might be something that we can
work out I think -- I wasnt aware that
Mark had a concern about the location of the
condenser and were certainly more than happy
to work with him and address any of his
concerns And Im sure Li you know shes a
great neighbor and I think that shed be more
45
than happy to address any of Marks concerns
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I propose that
we attach a condition that the air
conditioner be you know removed at some
distance from the property line
PAMELA WINTERS I agree
HUGH RUSSELL A distance maybe
being a width of the L on the half house
STEVEN COHEN If I could add one
comment about that condenser Frankly if
its a loud condenser moving it even that
distance isnt going to make an enormous
amount of difference I think the real key
to the condenser is not as much the location
but getting a quiet condenser And Im not
quite sure what the Cambridge noise ordinance
says about the noise level of condenser but
theyre available extremely quiet nowadays
and I dont know that its within our
46
jurisdiction to actually specify the decibel
level here But I think under the
circumstances and just being a good neighbor
with a fellow whos already expressed a
concern about it I think you would be well
advised to find an extremely quiet condenser
They cost a few bucks more but not a whole
lot more and it would make a world of
difference
As for the property line it is what it
is It is where it is Theres nothing we
can do to change that And frankly if the
tenants under the leases have rights to
outdoor space theres nothing that we can do
here to in any way compromise their rights
under those leases But maybe we can
encourage to do something about the noise
from the condenser
GREGORY COLLING I think thats
47
something thats -- that we certainly can
work with Mark on
STEVEN WINTER May I remind the
Chair just to be a timekeeper we are at
eight oclock We are at ten till eight and
just to remind the Chair that we are working
hard to stay on the schedule
HUGH RUSSELL So we can dilly
dally around for six minutes because
otherwise well have to take another break
But Ahmed did you want to say
something
AHMED NUR Okay I think most of
the points have been covered by my colleagues
definitely for the approval of this
renovation One concern that I share with --
and I think a lot of people said the same
thing but Im concerned with Mark Sullivans
case The rear of the house Im assuming
48
the shrubs the houses are too close So
wherever the property line might be for the
surveyors I mean trees outgrow and you dont
want to cover (inaudible) And obviously by
rule hes going to come down to chop it
Its his right to do that
GREGORY COLLING Right Theres an
access alley for servicing the facade of that
house on the property Theres about a three
foot path against the house
AHMED NUR And also I cant really
see whether that facade where the shrubs are
where the east or southern sun and if its
going to be eight foot tall it might block or
overshadow his kitchen or whatever it is near
the rear of the house
GREGORY COLLING I dont think the
hedge was planned to be eight feet
AHMED NUR Okay
49
MARK SULLIVAN May I speak
AHMED NUR Mark wants to speak
MARK SULLIVAN Just to make a
comment clear Im not interested in an eight
foot hedge either because I think the space
will look quite nice And as you folks have
summarized you know our concerns are
primarily noise some of which we can easily
work out with Lianne and some is mechanical
To be able to borrow an improved view would
be nice
HUGH RUSSELL Ready to act on this
Would someone like to put forward the motion
referring to the application for the specific
relief sought
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair Id like
to -- and fellow Board Members Id like to
make a motion that the application for a
Special Permit to convert a non-residential
50
structure to residential use to reduce the
amount of required parking and to occupy the
lot with more dwelling units than would be
allowed dimensionally The conventional C
Zoning District dimensional regulations be
allowed based on the findings of this Board
and also on conditions as discussed by this
Board Im not sure what they are at the
moment specifically but relating
specifically to conversations that he will
have with his immediate abutter relating to
concerns about lighting and sound and
landscaping details And maintenance access
rights over the property Thats the motion
BRIAN MURPHY So moved
H THEODORE COHEN Second
HUGH RUSSELL I heard Teds second
first
Is there discussion on the motion
51
All those in favor of the motion
(Raising hands)
HUGH RUSSELL All members voting in
favor And thats it
Thank you for a very clear presentation
and a great architectural job
GREGORY COLLING Thank you very
much
(A short recess was taken)
HUGH RUSSELL All right we can
begin now on the next item on the agenda
which is a discussion of a recommendation on
the Teague Petition on light trespass And
we had a public hearing and before we made
comments those comments were referred to the
staff And Jeff Roberts and other people on
the staff have thought about those and come
back with a written response to what we
brought to them So I think what wed like
52
to do is start with Jeff presenting the work
that hes done and the thinking and the
rationale behind it Then well ask
Mr Teague to respond to that and then we
will decide what were going to say to the
Council
So please proceed
JEFF ROBERTS Thank you Mr Chair
Jeff Roberts CDD
I just wanted to briefly go over mostly
just the proposed modifications which are in
the package that we sent to the Board It
starts following the text of the draft
recommendation On the text of the draft
recommendation itself is as we tend to do
sometimes we take the Boards comments and
form it into a draft recommendation And
certainly were all open to hearing the
Boards comments and suggestions about
53
revisions that we can then take back and
modify as the Board wishes But I wanted to
take a moment to go over some of the proposed
text that comes after -- the Zoning text that
comes after that in order to address some of
the questions because some questions have
come up since this came out We wanted to
try to address those right off the bat
In general the intent of the proposed
modifications is to retain the same overall
scope as the petition and to create some
clearer standards that rely less on
discretionary enforcement That was an issue
that the Planning Board raised at the last
hearing But one of the considerations that
we have is to keep within the scope of the
initial petition and not to deviate largely
from that scope which would require a
possible re-advertisement of the petition
54
The one particular issue thats come up
that we have -- I feel that we maybe havent
addressed fully is the question of how this
applies to existing lighting And this is
a -- this is an issue thats covered broadly
in Zoning by the state laws that enable
Municipal Zoning Rules and this comes from
Chapter 40A Section 6 of the state laws
which says -- and Im skipping a little bit
but basically says A Zoning Ordinance or
by-law shall not apply to structures or uses
lawfully in existence or lawfully begun but
shall -- before that Zoning change was
adopted but shall apply to any change or
substantial extension of such use to any
reconstruction extension or structural
change of such structure and to any
alteration of a structure to provide for its
use for a substantially different purpose or
55
for the same purpose in a substantially
different manner that was substantially
greater extent And thats the overall
framework within which the Zoning Ordinance
is written
In Cambridge the Zoning Ordinance we
also have Article 8 which is a which is a
general set of standards on non-conformity
which starts with that state law provision
and adds some other instances where for one
reason or another the City allows
non-conforming structures or non-conforming
uses to continue in certain specific ways
So based on this overall framework
its our understanding that whether the
original petition language were put forward
or in the case of the modified language it
would apply to new buildings new uses and
significant alterations that -- to buildings
56
or to lighting and would not compel existing
property owners who installed their lighting
you know in a way that was legal at the
time before this petition was advertised
would not compel them to change their
lighting or to take down any existing
fixtures
In fact the proposed text is meant to
clarify that the non-conformity rules
wouldnt necessarily apply to maintain an
existing non-conforming lighting light when
you do when you do significant alterations
to a building So its meant to clarify that
any change you make to a building to a use
or to the lighting on a building has to be
brought into conformance with what the new
regulations are
So thats just one overall piece And
then Id like to just take a quick step
57
through some of the -- what the provisions
actually are And it says it says Page 1
of 6 where it starts but its several pages
into the document Im sorry about the page
numbering
The first page covers the definitions
which are included thats included in the
original petition There are some small
changes for clarity and directness of
application Some additions borrowed
from other -- which weve borrowed a little
bit by looking at other Ordinances that had
been actually brought up at the public
hearings and Ive spent a little bit of time
looking through those and comparing the
standards that are proposed with standards
that are in existence in some other places
and some that might have been held up as
models And in particular thats the
58
standards having to do with the illuminance
rating and the illuminance and that factors
in later on So Ill just skip ahead with
that
On page 2 the applicability again
makes it clear where were enforcing these
standards which would be really any in any
instance where Zoning rules do apply And we
included some exceptions in response to the
Planning Boards comment about will this be
possibly too extensive or have unintended
consequences Some of these exceptions are
present in the original petition Some have
been added For instance in A where it
talks about city lighting thats a provision
thats suggested to make sure that the City
essentially doesnt get in its own way For
instance if there was a situation in a
public park where the neighbors were
59
concerned about safety and made a request to
the City to increase lighting the Citys
hands wouldnt then be tied by its own
Ordinance to be able to respond to that kind
of a public concern
Indoor lighting is included because I
think that in most other Ordinances the
illumination standards do specify outdoor
lighting Indoor lighting can be very
difficult to enforce If somebody put a lamp
in their window would you then have to take
a Zoning enforcement action Its a
difficult scenario in which to try to apply a
Zoning enforcement
And the abandon new provision was
actually one that was taken from -- which is
on page 3 I believe was taken -- it was a
suggestion thats included from other
Ordinances again to try to to the extent
60
possible facilitate the replacement of old
non-conforming fixtures with with newer
conforming fixtures and not to allow people
to use the fact that the light hasnt been --
its been sort of not on for a long time to
then do something that might not otherwise be
in conformance
The rest of page 3 makes it makes a
change in the language on the regulation to
clarify that whats being regulated are the
things that cause the light rather than light
itself thats being regulated It is more
straightforward in my opinion to regulate
physical fixtures and structures in a way
that can be directly observed and enforced
The overall regulation remains based on the
sort of the principle that was described by
the petitioner which is that you can
visually verify whether a light is -- is in
61
conformance or potentially not in
conformance And I think it was the Boards
suggestion that perhaps there could be a
recourse that then a property owner could
either then fix the problem or could provide
some evidence that the light actually is in
conformance with what those specific
standards are
We did I should note on again that
the burden really would be on the installer
And under B I think as well as A and C on
that page we can you know we can add the
text that the installer has demonstrated I
think that would be your reasonable standard
that was just as a clerical matter It was
just left out of the text
The -- there was a comment that about
the half a foot candle 05 foot candles and
in terms of whether that was a too high a
62
standard There are other -- there are
actually a range of standards that are used
in many other Ordinances They have
different standards that apply to different
zones and different districts and to be
consistent with the petition were trying to
figure out something that could apply
citywide So 05 may be you know may be on
the high end Other cities use 035 02
01 or sometimes as low as 005 but that
tends to be again where theres a
separation between residential districts and
non-residential districts And we can look
at that a little more or talk about that a
little more
And then I just wanted to make a
comment too because this was brought up in
723 thats retaining the existing text in
the Zoning I think there may have been some
63
confusion as to whether that is meant to
imply that this continues to only apply only
in Residence A B C and C1 districts which
is not the case The new regulations would
apply citywide If there was concern about
these regulations and whether or not they
would apply to other districts such as
Residence C-2 we could add Residence C-2 to
that list as an amendment to that text but
the petition didnt actually amend that text
so we left it we left it as is
Another consideration is to say that
the new regulation supersedes the old
regulation and maybe theres no need to have
it at all and it could be deleted
The next page on page 4 is -- it talks
about enforcement And this is again based
on the -- its the sort of core of the
petition that this should be a
64
complaint-driven enforcement There is a
general provision Article 9 of the Zoning
for a person to to request a Zoning
enforcement and this is just a way to
provide some more detail to that process
where in this particular case were looking
at this as a special case there would be a
process of recording a specific item and then
having the owner have a chance to respond and
then at that point being able to move forward
with other avenues of Zoning enforcement just
to provide opportunities where these issues
can be resolved in a straight forward manner
There is one note one comment that was
made to me that it says in 7242 the owner
of any property intends and it actually is
true that in the Zoning its not necessarily
a property owner but any aggrieved person
So it could be a renter who could file that
65
kind of complaint So that would be a
recommended change to this That is to say
instead of the owner of any property just any
individual could make that request
The rest of it is very similar to the
petition We did add one note that says that
just to -- I guess a clarifying note and
its on page 6 where the -- they talk about
parking regulations that the lighting must
conform to the requirements of Article 7
Again just to kind of button things up And
there was a question also that was raised
about I think outside of this it wasnt in
the petition but whether one foot -- what is
one foot candle be the appropriate standard
recommended standard for a parking lot And
its a question thats difficult to answer
but it it may be worth the Citys
consideration at some point --
66
HUGH RUSSELL When we do parking
lots half a free candle is the lowest level
You look at -- because the light is much
brighter under the luminaire theres a
minimum number and theres a ratio between
the brightest and the least bright portion
because of that ratio gets very high the eye
adjusts and so you have to keep that range
down But for that reason I would think
spilling a half a foot candle on somebody
elses property which is a reasonable
standard for a parking lot would be an
unreasonable spill standard And I think we
should not be allowed to spill as much light
as would allow your next-door neighbor to
have in a parking lot So maybe it should
be you know substantially lower and maybe a
02 setting you know And it certainly
worked under Ordinances where its 01 but
67
youre in more suburban locations where its
more easy to achieve that
MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE Can you
turn the volume up on the microphone so we
can hear you better
HUGH RUSSELL Ill try to move
closer to the microphone You werent here
earlier when we were having the feedback
problems Im hoping we can go back to our
regular meeting room sooner rather than later
where its a little bit easier there
So sorry Jeff I interrupted you
JEFF ROBERTS Thats fine
I think thats actually a good point
to you know in order for me to stop and to
let the Board ask questions or respond
HUGH RUSSELL So I guess my
question is based on the public testimony
many people came in and they said theres
68
this awful wall pack that somebody put up a
while ago and its really annoying And what
Im hearing you say is that because of the
way that the Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning
enabling network we cant we cant solve
that problem Is there a way to solve that
through the municipal lighting or should we
recommend to the Council that they pursue
that question Because to me its you know
having been the victim of wall packs in the
past and I got my neighbor to do a pretty
good job of fixing it eventually but I --
personally Im aware of that and I think we
heard this testimony And so is -- how do
you -- is it possible to deal with that if
you cant do it in Zoning some other way
JEFF ROBERTS Well Im not -- I
have to admit first that Im not an expert on
non-zoning legal matters but I can tell you
69
what Ive found in you know in just my
reading
Well first of all there is a
Municipal Code which is separate from the
Zoning Ordinance which doesnt it is not
established under Chapter 40-A but does
still have to adhere to any superseding state
laws or regulations so And again Im
not well enough versed in that to give
specific answers I -- but for you know
there is an examine in Cambridge for
example where you can look at the noise
ordinance in Cambridge where that is part of
the Zoning Code and its not part of the
Zoning Ordinance and its treated and
enforced in a you know different mechanism
I do know that because it was
recommended by the Board to look at other
examples that we have looked at Newtons
70
Newton Mass Code and they do have
requirements in their Zoning that apply to
you know new development new lighting but
they also have a light trespass provision
within their Ordinance on I believe its
miscellaneous finds and offenses that
discusses the amount of light trespass thats
allowed on an adjacent property And I
cant I cant say because I dont have any
firsthand examples whether thats been used
to enforce enforce an Ordinance on a
situation that was pre-existing I just
got -- actually I just got through one of
their former plans They had experience of
reviewing it through site plan review for
Zoning and making sure the lighting is
conforming that way but not whether there was
enforcement done in a different way
HUGH RUSSELL Do we have other
71
questions for Jeff
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
Jeff I think you did a great job The staff
did a great job And first Ill go back to
the last issue which is I would make a
recommendation or suggestion to City Council
or the staff that somebody ask the Law
Department because I think it is indeed a
problem under the Zoning Enabling Act to try
to deal with pre-existing non-conforming uses
or structures and that whether one could as
an analog to the noise ordinance adopt a
light ordinance at the site of Zoning which
might be immediately applicable to existing
uses
I -- the first question I have is in
your Section 723 where theres the
reference at the very end Proposed addition
shall conform to the requirements of Section
72
722 above
Is that intended to bring in the as
written currently not exceed one half foot
candle at any point beyond the property line
JEFF ROBERTS Yes That added
language I would characterize it as sort of
a buttoning up Just to make it clear that
723 doesnt supersede 722 but rather that
this is a sort of an additional set of -- and
it remains as additional set of standards and
requirements that -- but that 722 also
applies with regard to the shielding and the
spill --
H THEODORE COHEN Right right I
just wanted it to be clear in my mind that if
there were some spill under 723 but it did
not exceed the half foot candle or whatever
standard was ultimately agreed upon that
that would be okay
73
JEFF ROBERTS I -- as long as it --
yes if it meets all -- if it meets all the
standards If its only -- if it is
continuous and of indirect note and other
definitions but if its -- if it prevents
direct light from any other property and
shall conform -- oh Im sorry now I
understand what youre asking
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not view --
JEFF ROBERTS 723 supersedes 722
Well that may be that may be a concern I
guess if it is -- if that if that language
creates ambiguity --
H THEODORE COHEN Let me rephrase
it
JEFF ROBERTS Yes
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not -- in going after the people who
74
we really want to go after we are not making
every property owner every house owner who
has got a house you know with a light two
feet from their abutting property owners
property line is not going to be in violation
of this if it complies with whatever minimal
standard has been written into the Ordinance
And so as I read 722 if it wasnt more than
05 foot candle if you know that was okay
and I wanted to be clear that under 723 the
same standard would apply
JEFF ROBERTS Yes I would say that
is the intent But I think youve noted
something that could potentially being
resolved an ambiguity that could be resolved
by the text
H THEODORE COHEN Okay I dont
have the you know the knowledge or
background to say what the right level is
75
Ill have to take you know Hughs or
staffs determination of what is the proper
level
The comment you made on 7242
changing owner of any property to an
individual gives me some discomfort because
the way its been written now it relates as
you know a lot of Special Permits or Zoning
enforcement relates to aggrieved party within
300 feet or abutters to abutters and just
changing it to an individual is not tieing it
to some particular location And so I would
ask that you think about that again if you
want to go away from the owner of a property
that it somehow -- I mean I mean we dont
-- we want people who have a legitimate right
to be able to complain about it but not
necessarily someone whos a half mile away
saying oh I dont like the way that light
76
looks when I drive by So I would just be
careful about that
I had been concerned about the
overreach of everything under the original
language And I still am concerned about the
fact that if you can see it it can be deemed
a violation but I think the provision youve
written in here in 7242 ameliorates my
concerns a lot that there is this whole
process so that were not going to have
frivolous complaints being made or complaints
that you know neighbors versus neighbors
who just happen to be right next to each
other and saying well you know your porch
light is too bright because I can see it So
Im much more comfortable with that
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have a
comment and a question Jeff and I also
wanted to compliment you on how carefully you
77
listened and how much better this is since
the last time we saw it I think its worth
emphasis that the issue of standing which is
sort of cemented in the law of Zoning really
be more carefully articulated here I too
am uncomfortable about straining from that
issue Its abutters and abutters to
abutters and the 300-foot radius is I think
what I would be looking for in terms of
aggrieved parties as a definition But the
thing that Im missing the most I think
from a nearly perfect redrafted section here
and looking at the Section 641 at the end
which is entitled Purpose made me think
that I was missing that in the illumination
section sort of just a general couple of
sentences at the beginning to say why are we
concerned about this in the city of
Cambridge And obviously were concerned
78
about the spilling of light on to adjacent
properties and the effect it might have on
the ability of those adjacent property owners
to enjoy their property And I think its
another thing missing And its interesting
that this diagram is up here on the screen
because the aggrieved party is gesturing at
the ground and looking at his neighbor But
actually theres another condition that the
section of the Ordinance could address which
is which is the night sky And I think that
thats another purpose of this Ordinance
which is to control the effective light
spilling up into the night sky which is an
issue of environmental concern increasingly
in this country and I think Cambridge should
take credit for and also highlight its
concern about the issue that light should not
unnecessarily spill into the night sky So I
79
really think the Ordinance and the diagram on
the right of the screen shows in fact the
lighting fixture thats doing both of those
things and thats correctly I think what we
should be concerned about And thank you
just two minor points
Thanks Jeff
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Well
first I want to say you talking about the
Rule of 40-A and the non-conforming
structures I think because this has come to
us from people who are dealing with this
problem now I would really like to see
included in your memo and the language that
you very carefully drafted with some changes
that my fellow board members that I think
articulated well Id like to see in our
memo a recommendation that City Council
really take up the approach that you
80
described Newton has which is that the
two-pronged approach The General Ordinance
to deal with the problem that is there now
where one property owner is creating a
nuisance for the other property owner so that
they can get some relief from existing
things but also that going forward we would
have that ongoing review and pro-active
dealing with this so that we dont create
those situations in the future
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes go ahead
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to agree
wholeheartedly with what you just said and
also I want to agree that I think we -- the
changes that you made to this from my
perspective are an improvement And I think
you hit upon a lot of the core issues that we
were concerned about The problem I think
81
that you have what you stated was within the
confines of a Zoning Petition You can only
change so much before it becomes something
else And I guess my recommendation would be
that the -- we actually look at with a
non-conforming piece it just -- its great
for new stuff but it doesnt do anything
about the current situation and I think
there may be some better mechanisms
So my recommendation would be that the
City really take this on but it actually
become a petition from -- that we work on to
get it right That would then you remember
at the first hearing I commented about the
fact that we probably -- it would be good to
have a consultant to help us with things half
of a lit candle versus something else And
if you had a city process where youre trying
to solve that you can do that So I think
82
as I said I think what this petition is
trying to do is very very good but Zoning
is always a proved mechanism to do it And I
am a little concerned Specifically I think
there is a -- Im concerned about what
constitutes a change Were talking about a
fixture versus a building so that -- and you
have the license that says if its new
construction yes But if youre altering or
changing it but what if you alter or change
the light fixture I mean that gets -- that
definition to me gets very unclear If a
light fixture is one light to the left and
they want to change it is that a change To
me it gets a little confusing The initial
standing I would agree also is the fact it
has to be and we just cant have people who
are renting and stuff like that this could
be a nightmare And I guess Im very
83
concerned about the the Section 2-point -- I
mean 7242 which is really the enforcement
piece And I think you will get a lot of
frivolous complaints They may not be
frivolous in the mind of the person
complaining but it may turn out to the
frivolous And even if it isnt frivolous
Im just concerned that it may get a lot I
mean the poor superintendent of buildings is
just going to get a lot of this stuff And
you know you get a complaint you have to
determine that the complaints valid Im
just concerned about that So I think you
know Municipal Code andor Zoning
combination just has a better approach to me
to solving as opposed to trying to just doing
it all
And thats all
PAMELA WINTERS Thanks Hugh
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Is this on Im just curious I dont
know what a foot candle is How many watts
like for a bulb is it
JEFF ROBERTS Thats hard to say
So Ill try to do this in very laymens
terms Theres -- in lighting theres such
thing as theres luminance and then theres
illuminance And luminance is like your
bulb So if you have a 60-watt light bulb
thats -- I think somewhere around to
determine like 850 900 luminance which is
the -- because wattage is always different
depending on what kind of light you have
You measure the brightness of the light in
luminance and thats just the point source
of light
Illuminance means how much light youre
casting on something thats away So what --
the light that just that bulb is casting on
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the floor or the wall is called illuminance
And its measured in -- foot candles are kind
of a weird unit I actually dont know how
it came about but its also I believe
equivalent to luminance per square foot So
its like imagining a light sort of creating
a wash over over a surface So its really
the intensity of the light spread over a
surface that its that its shining on So
you basically measure it and you use whats
called a lux meter You cant measure it if
you have sort of a room where you can just
turn on one light source you can hold up a
lux meter and get a reading on what the
illuminance is thats being a -- what that
means is that the further you get away from
the light source the illuminance or the foot
candles goes down And I should say too
and this could be a technical point that was
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made to me and addressed to me that the
illuminance is generally as a technical
standard is measured horizontally against the
ground and vertically on a you know sort of
up and down direction And that could be
also clarified in the Zoning I think as a
technical point just to make sure its
consistent with what the professional
standards are
PAMELA WINTERS Well I was just a
little bit concerned about 723 because I
know in our house we have a driveway that the
front unit uses and we do too And also we
have our back unit And if we didnt have
the lighting up there we have sort of a
two-pronged lighting fixture one which goes
to the driveway and one which goes into
behind the gate in our backyard It would
it would really it would be pitch black
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there and it would cause real security
issues But again its like we use --
like I dont know 50-watt bulbs so I dont
know what candle measurement would be but
you know we do try to you know we shine it
on those particular areas But Im sure some
of it you know does get reflected to some
of the neighbor -- I dont know
You know we also have an arbor and we
would put up Christmas lights around the
arbor all year actually and so -- we also
have plighting in the trees in our yard
HUGH RUSSELL Night sky
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah -- no no no
because the trees block the you know just
the trees block the --
STEVEN COHEN Youre going to jail
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah maybe I
shouldnt have said anything Anyway so I
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guess I have an issue about that So I dont
know do you have any comments on that
JEFF ROBERTS No I mean I
think --
STEVEN COHEN Walk away
JEFF ROBERTS Youve done a good
job of I think illustrating the complexity of
enforcing these regulations in a way
thats --
PAMELA WINTERS I know
JEFF ROBERTS -- this sets you
know a clear set of standards and is as a
complaint-driven enforcement mechanism So
if you went up and uninstalled that light and
if you were you know installing that you
know whatever after the Zoning was
advertised and someone had a complaint with
it they would hopefully come to you first
and see if you could redirect it and you
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know kind of give you their permission that
its okay But if not they could you know
they could -- if your light was not you
know shielded as its been described and
pointed downwards they could take a photo of
it send it to the Building Commissioner and
they could then they could ask you to verify
that your lighting is within the acceptable
parameters
PAMELA WINTERS Poor Building
Commissioner Boy Anyway go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Steve you want to
go
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair may I
speak
HUGH RUSSELL Go ahead
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
Mr Chair I simply wanted to concur that
with the general direction that the
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conversation is going I concur with my
colleagues And I also would like to echo
the sentiment that the presentation of the
Zoning and the side bar Jeff the
explanations in them have made this a really
good exercise Jeff thank you for that
HUGH RUSSELL Id like to comment
that first several board members havent
spoken yet and secondly we have the
proponent of the original petition before us
who has studied the subject and studied the
proposal before us and I think we need to
listen to him And we have other members of
the public here And since theres something
substantially different in our
recommendation we need to listen to them
So I think Steve and Ahmed and I have
some comments too
STEVEN COHEN Jeff to the extent
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that this is technical I dont have the
technical experience or knowledge to second
guess you And you seem to have made
yourself an expert in this area of lighting
over the passed few months But in general
on technical matters Im very much inclined
to defer to the analysis and research and
thought and efforts by you and the staff So
I think that youve done great on that The
thing to me thats most interesting and just
understand most important is this whole
question of non-conformity To the extent
that all of this is just prospective I think
it works reasonably well from every
perspective and including from an enforcement
perspective Its the non-conformities I
just want to ask you a little bit more about
first of all just under 40A6 as
interpreted as applied here what sort of
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changes would would bring a fixture out of a
legal non-conforming status Clearly
replacing the fixture its got to be brought
up to Code If youre making changes
alterations to the structure other than the
fixture does that at any point trigger a
requirement
JEFF ROBERTS Well it could And
thats the way weve essentially written it
to try to be as encompassing in scope as
possible to not provide any kind of
non-conformity exceptions that would allow
someone whos making an alteration that
requires a Building Permit or even an
Electrical Permit to install to install new
lighting To utilize the non-conformity
rules to be able to leave something up
thats not conforming
STEVEN COHEN So Im not sure Im
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understanding what youre saying So if
somebodys making a substantial change and --
but it doesnt involve the fixture are you
saying they do have to bring it into
conformity
JEFF ROBERTS If we -- in the
proposal that weve written --
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS -- and we have
specified that And if you do specify that
you can require that a property owner do
that
STEVEN COHEN And as youve
proposed it here what is the trigger point
I mean what is the extent of change that
would trigger the requirement
JEFF ROBERTS It would essentially
be that if youre it would be -- at least
the enforcement path would be you need to get
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a permit for -- from Inspectional Services
to to make an alteration to the building or
to change the use of the building in a way
that it falls within that definition of where
Zoning regulations can apply And thats
and theres -- and its sort of laid out in
Article 8 of the Zoning It says that any
alteration to the exterior of the structure
any alteration of the structure to
accommodate a different use substantially
different use than whats there at the time
and any enlargement of a use those are
those are the types of things or any
enlargement of a building those are the
types of things that you then have to if you
do that you have to comply with Zoning
STEVEN COHEN So bear with me I
wanted to work through this a little bit If
Im adding an addition to my house then my
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lighting must -- all of the lighting must
comply If Im adding a window to my
existing house do I have to bring lighting
into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS If its just a
replacement of an existing window
STEVEN COHEN Say Im enlarging an
opening or adding a new window
JEFF ROBERTS Right Then that
would trigger a Zoning review for Zoning
compliance --
STEVEN COHEN So it has to be
brought into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS Right So thats the
way its currently written again to try to
maintain the expansiveness and the scope of
the petition thats been proposed But the
Zoning could specify could be more specific
about where you do and where you dont
96
require that lighting be brought into
conformance with the Zoning Code
STEVEN COHEN I mean obviously
youve put some thought into this and this is
what youre recommending Do you have any
concern that that might be an overly broad
requirement basically anybody doing anything
with their house other than painting or
repairs theyre going to have to bring all
their lighting into compliance Its more
than grandfathering everything Its not as
much as the proponents originally wished for
which is apply everywhere today I mean
whats your thought Do you see -- do you
have any concerns about this or are you
pretty comfortable and confident about that
recommendation
JEFF ROBERTS I would say that
there are concerns about that Its
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generally more strict than in other aspects
of Zoning where you may be allowed to
maintain an existing non-conformity as long
as the work -- thats sort of what I meant
when I referred to Article 8 Article 8 has
certain rules that say that you can if you
do some work that doesnt affect an existing
non-conformity then you can sort of keep
that non-conformity And the question is
really whats the desired outcome Is it to
just allow lighting to be replaced with
better lighting during the -- you know
during the natural course of its life Is
it you know burns out or no longer
functional or when youre -- or just when
youre building new buildings Or is it to
try as quickly as possible to bring as much
lighting as possible into conformance with
whats with whats desired
98
And I guess I can try to characterize
who because Ive had conversations with the
Building Commissioner the Superintendent
about what the what the impact is going to
be in terms of enforcement and it does
require some more strict requirements for
someone whos for instance you know just
changing the use of a building If they have
an office building and theyre putting in a
restaurant and they dont really want to
touch the outside of the building
Inspectional Services would still demand that
they show a lighting plan with all of their
existing lighting And if it doesnt
conform then show a plan that you know pay
whatever it costs to bring it into
compliance
STEVEN COHEN Just a couple more
quick questions
99
Again on the question of
non-conformity you know it struck me that
you know while some people might consider to
be onerous to have -- to bring all the
lighting up to compliance that maybe there
might be some basis for distinction between
commercial and residential uses And even
with residential perhaps between you know
multi-unit and structures and say three
families or smaller just a thought about
that possible distinction
And I guess one final thought unless
Im mistaken if my memory serves me
correctly the sign code and the sign
ordinance which I think is part of the
Zoning my recollection is that there is
there was something in there when it was
originally passed essentially a sunset type
law that for certain kinds of non-conforming
100
signs they were permitted to remain in
existence but only for a limited period of
time I dont know how that slipped under
40A unless maybe the sign ordinance deemed to
be non-zoning or under the police power or
something but it if Im right in my
recollection it might offer another avenue
for thought in the way of dealing with
non-conforming uses
WILLIAM TIBBS Can I just real
quick just as a follow up to just what you
were just saying I just -- I just want to I
guess you remind us that process-wise the
petitioner made a petition we made comments
and Jeff was trying to write stuff relative
to our comments I didnt want you to feel
that Jeff was making a recommendation back to
us Hes just making recommendations and to
us -- hes just trying to get some writing
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which reflects what he thought he was hearing
which I thought he did a very good job of
This isnt a proposal from the City to us
Its really a proposal as to how to change
the language within the parameters of the
permit process
STEVEN COHEN I see
WILLIAM TIBBS He has limits to
what he can do
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Thank you
Jeff you dont have to answer these
right now but I just want you to basically
give it a thought or maybe consider if its
not I really couldnt find the language but
I was wondering about lights and dynamics in
motion Such as the city grows in night with
cyclists that we have all these flashing
lights that are head on with cars and we
102
have the City of Cambridge -- we had the City
had after market head lamps you know you
see one thats manufactured correctly thats
illuminating beautifully and youll see a
tiny light of maybe even like a one foot
candle you know combination and also facing
the wrong way kind of blinding people so on
and so forth so I just thought of have you
thought about with traffic Thats one
And second comment that I wanted to
make is as engineers when we build buildings
we tend to have lights blend in with the
indoor or outdoor environment You know for
example if we were to put up a tile in a
sonar or something we would put the lighting
in first and then put the tile in so then we
can see the shadow it produces on the tile
You know as opposed to installing the tile
first and then putting the light in So
103
have you considered or will you consider the
architectural impact the lights might have on
an environment How hot it is in there
What type of material it is And is it
bundled material if the lights are shining on
a bundled material produce a shadow you
know type
Thats all
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I have four
comments I think its important that we not
restrict the complaint process to owners of
property because if youre a tenant in say
a multi-family building and youre aggrieved
because somebody -- you may be impossible to
convince the owner of your apartment building
to bring a complaint and there could be many
reasons why the owner might not
I think you mentioned the abutters and
abutters to abutters in Cambridge but maybe
104
expanding that to allow people who are at
least tenants to also bring those complaints
Historical note dark sky The largest
telescope in the world was located in
Cambridge Massachusetts in about 1855 And
that instrument is still in Cambridge
although its utilities have been somewhat
diminished both because its only 15 inches
in diameter and secondly the parking lot
lights around the observatory cut off three
magnitudes of what they can see through it
and the night sky I think we should
recommend the City in its consideration of
light trespass really need to hire experts
And I mean uses have repeatedly that think
the CE Department has the technical expertise
to really get the fine grain I think we do
not have that expertise and thats just
going to have to be part of the process And
105
I wouldnt want to hold up the enactment of
the Zoning piece but it might be that well
come back and say no youve got to make some
small adjustments to the Zoning in the
context of the other one We can do that
Fourth point is what triggers the
clients And I want to remind people of the
yellow sheet that we now get In order to do
almost anything to a house in the city
because almost every house is non-conforming
the exterior of the house has to go before
the Zoning Board and so you might want to
write in that when you make the trip to the
Zoning Board youve also got to demonstrate
that youre lighting
Changing light fixtures in the context
of a renovation plan isnt the huge part of
the plan but it might have a big impact on
the results to some of the people And if
106
the Zoning Board was also looking at that
these questions and asking those questions
during their reviews we might get some more
places where we -- that would be in effect
H THEODORE COHEN Just one
clarifying Jeff Im sorry In 723
theres a reference any permanent lighting
permitted by the pre-exempt shall be shall be
continuous and direct etcetera etcetera
Many of us have outdoor lighting for
driveways and porches that are on motion
detectors so that theyre only on when
somebody is entering or leaving is that
does the word continuous mean that things
like that would not be permitted
JEFF ROBERTS That was a question
that crossed my mind as well but not really
something that was included in the scope of
the petition so I didnt I didnt look into
107
that very closely to see how they enforce it
I dont believe that a motion sensor light is
considered a non-continuous light I think a
non-continuous light refers to flashing or
strobe I guess
HUGH RUSSELL You mentioned at some
point that possibly 723 (inaudible) is one
provision in it that it talks about the
decorative lighting that might be added in
the 722 list of things of exceptions And
as I think if -- we had several discussions
about what how do these two things work
together and youre thinking I think that
you could probably just delete 723 so that
that confusion didnt come up And take
whatevers in it that isnt in the rest of it
and put it in the rest
Okay if we are complete with our
comments Id like Mr Teague to critique us
108
CHARLES TEAGUE You dont really
want me to critique you
WILLIAM TIBBS Sure Briefly
critique us
CHARLES TEAGUE Im on the ten
minute clock here Charles Teague 23
Edmunds Street and you have caught me out
This was a Band-Aid This was going to be a
quick thing despite and despite being a
quick thing by attorneys engineers
architects lighting experts so you know
it looks trivial to small amount of changes
but it was subtle The last time we were
here there was a question of as why you could
see the light elements on the pitches of good
lights And thats because you can see the
elements on the pitches of good light if
youre standing where the light is supposed
to be and you cant see it where light is not
109
supposed to be And so and yes all your
discussion about -- so I spent an hour on the
phone with the firm who is the town the
towns -- the solicitors for the town of
Ashland reviewed their sunset clauses Its
a Municipal Code And yes the proper
lighting ordinance is in the Municipal Code
Everybody stuffs it in the Zoning where you
run into the grandfathering problem So once
you get out you can do the sunset clauses
you can expire something after ten years
And he showed me the examples on the signs
And so yeah this is all wrong We
shouldnt spend a lot of time on this We
should have just got it over with you know
two years ago but here we are So Im not
exactly -- so just on process you had a long
discussion of process the last time And now
this is gone through the Ordinance Committee
110
CDD was there participated Was referred
favorably to the full Council I say its
not the time for a major rewrite And the
trouble I have is that theres major
differences outcomes and a lot about
enforcement and a lot about grandfathering
What I tried to do very -- and we -- its
basically because as Jeff astutely pointed
out is that he used an entirely different
method He refers to the fixture I refer
to the light And he thought it was more
clear to refer to the fixture but once you
do that youre explicitly grandfathering
everything And I was trying to see if we
can if we can sneak by And because this
was supposed to be a quick fix And then
youre supposed to go off and do a real
Municipal Ordinance with real professionals
and a real budget which I dont have
111
The reason why its important and lets
go back public health public safety
Theres the safety of too much light versus
too little light We had expert testimony on
health direct light or we just went over
why the visible and good lights And the
scope and were afraid of this wipe of
enforcement Enforcement one of the things
about enforcement is that if its simple you
can handle more stuff But simplicity I
lets say people dont go down to the
Building Commissioner and ask him to enforce
things They come to community meetings and
theyre really upset and they ask me And
thats how enforcement works in my
neighborhood And its Charles Teague that
goes down to the Building Department
Theres not a lot of enforcement in Zoning
going on And so and it comes through you
112
know the neighborhood experts So and then
theres the whole grandfather issue
So there we go Theres the good
light You can -- I took this picture
consciously so that you could see the
lighting elements and then youve got the arm
under the Mount Auburn Hospital and Im on
their property in their driveway and thats
good light And theres the area to be lit
So anyways what were trying to avoid
is legal And we dont want neighbors suing
neighbors but they can They can sue under
the nuisance on their reasonable use and
enjoyment And so the lawyers I talked with
just gone through this in Lincoln They sued
because there was -- the town wouldnt
enforce the one line of the Zoning Ordinance
and they also sued under nuisances There
were other things in the case but its the
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fees in the six figures They started in
2008 They finished their trial this March
in 2013 and he says the decision could take
two years So this is not what we want the
citizens of Cambridge to have to do to get
relief
And so back to grandfathering Granted
if youre replacing light thats fine Its
not grandfathered And the key is the
burden And its its the same Its
basically the same to put up a good light as
a bad light Bulb replacement you know I
dont know sometimes to replace a bulb is
you know in this day and time its just as
hard -- easy to replace the whole fixture if
you have to go up high and bring up a crane
and all that stuff
So but my thesis and we dont know
whether this will work but this was the
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attempt and this was why I defined an
entirely different than the way Jeff defined
it is the light requires predicate acts
You have to switch it on You have to pay
the bill You have to change the bulb
Those are conscious acts that you do
otherwise the light wouldnt be doing bad
things And lastly you know if we actually
go and memorialize that all existing lights
are grandfathered theres a bunch of lights
out there that could have been enforced
They are in violation The trouble were
missing is the explicit definitions and we
could have gone through the appeal process
through the BZA or to Superior Court and we
could have got some resolution So there
still is another path to getting resolution
But going back to the previous slide it
isnt really something you want neighbors to
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be doing
So this is this is a commentary from
Bobrowski who wrote the handbook on land use
And hes talking about the restrictions on
the site the external restrictions And
hes talking about how theres no reported
(inaudible) decisions on the grandfather
section So but hope springs the term But
at this end this was never meant to be such a
process It was supposed to be a quick fix
get in and get out and then hopefully a real
lighting ordinance would happen but I cant
do the real lighting ordinance
So the building -- we sat down with
Councillor van Beuzekom and I sat down with
the Building Commissioner and he says he can
enforce the Teague Petition When they go
and they basically do light enforcement by
asking nicely And the next thing is so you
116
cant see the bulb They have people adjust
the lights so you cant see the bulb which
is basically what I wrote I memorialized
And he didnt really know how many Zoning
violations but its a small number And he
asked CDD to consult the Law Department on
the whole grandfathering thing So thats
supposed to be in process But not with my
not with my legal theory
But anyways on -- he looked at CDD
petition He had a series of -- to my --
because Im the neighborhood enforcer
because people come to me I go down to the
Building Department and so I sort of know how
they work And so I went down with Ranjit
He goes well thats nice but we dont have
staff at night So he didnt like the
illumination definition He goes we dont
staff at night We dont have instruments
117
We dont know how to use them
On pulling a Building Permit he would
say well wed actually have to go down there
and look to see if there were actual bad
lights where now people bring in plans
Which you could require a plan for I dont
know you know putting on your dog house or
something but I dont know when external
plans are required But then he went on in
his very practical concern its a lot of --
on the change of use its not going to get
triggered very often because so often he says
they dont need a Building Permit to change
the use So on the aging out of fixtures
he goes he says theres no way we can know
when that fixture was last gone He didnt
like those ones where this where its
referring to the bulb And then there was a
section which said on the certificate of
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occupancy you would actually have to get
plans And he goes well often times a
homeowner comes down hes going to sell his
house or getting a new insurance policy and
theyll want to give them a Certificate of
Occupancy and this is an onerous expense for
so many So -- and then they have an
existing process So what happens is they
get a complaint in they run over there they
look at the thing and they come back and
they make it and they make their decision
And they send out their letters And either
theyre gonna decide to enforce or not
enforce Either person can appeal within 30
days After 30 days its final his decision
is final The Zoning Ordinance Section 1021
says its a $50 fee Their sheet says $100
Ill have to speak to him about that But I
spoke today its six weeks to get a hearing
119
And we have an experienced guy And Ive
seen you guys spend hours and hours resolving
neighborhood -- you send them in the back
room and they come back out Its even at
one in the morning you guys are working this
stuff out Ive seen them do it for a
garbage shed whether the garbage shed could
have a roof on it or not
Now Ranjit didnt like 722A because
only the BZA could issue a Variance So so
then the Kelly Beady guy came in with some
foot candle things just a whole bunch of
details But thats really thats really
Im under my ten minutes right All set
So my final thing is what I would
suggest I would suggest -- well I suggest
the correct answer is the municipal lighting
and we all know that And thats the way it
should be done So I suggest that As for
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this I think this is a major change Its a
change in how its basic fundamental premise
of how its defined and it has these
implications in enforcement because it
requires because now it requires
instrumentation and people at night and
implications in terms of grandfathering
Grandfathering I dont know maybe weve
got 10 percent or 20 percent shot but under
the other way of defining it its zero It
absolutely nails down every existing light
So I would suggest that that petition -- the
other version is so different I dont think
its -- and were at the end of the process
I dont think it should be substituted If
you guys decide to submit it as a Planning
Board petition that would be okay but I
would not I would not I think theyre just
too fundamentally different creatures
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Thank you
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I find this very interesting because
the -- I know I have problems with the
petition as written and even though Jeffs
efforts were very valiant in trying to
incorporate some of our concerns in it I
think Mr Teague has just shown that new
position still has a lot of problems
associated with it So I think unless we
have a process that comes up with something
that is been thought through and worked out
I think I really have a problem with the
petition as it was (Inaudible)
HUGH RUSSELL That last sentence
confused me I didnt hear it I guess Did
you say that you had a problem with the
122
Teague petition or you didnt have a problem
with it
WILLIAM TIBBS I have a problem
with the Teague petition as written and
Jeffs attempts to write different language
which would help solve some of the problems
we all discussed But I think Mr Teague is
just saying that he doesnt feel that the --
he feels that those changes -- actually
changes it enough so that its a very
different thing And even his presentation
shows some of the complexities particularly
as you talk to other city officials with the
CDD version of his petition So its
problematic and I think to me its just very
very clear that its an issue that I think we
all feel its something we should try to
tackle but we should just tackle in a
different way whether its a Planning Board
123
petition Council petition or something And
I know the concern that we had earlier was
that you know these things just take a
long long time and was it something that we
could quickly pass and then work on later
But Im not comfortable with that approach
For me I -- Ill let the other board members
speak for themselves
HUGH RUSSELL Im with you on
the -- I would not want to recommend the
Teague petition to the Council And I would
not do any action want -- I wouldnt want to
just avoid the question because then the
Council might feel that if were not
responding to it we wouldnt respond So my
preference is to ask the staff to tweak the
language based on what theyve heard tonight
and forward the revised language to the
Council and to -- with a discussion that says
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that this is the best we can do in the time
available Its a very complicated issue
and that they should you know and then
theyll have to decide do they want to put
something in place now Do they want to
postpone it Do they want to engage in a
process of writing a Municipal Ordinance
And it seems to me those kinds of questions
are the questions that the Council you know
were offering advice as to what we think can
be done within the Zoning Ordinance and were
offering our comments that we were pretty
content with whats proposed but we
understand its not perfect Now --
WILLIAM TIBBS I think you need to
quantify we
HUGH RUSSELL Thats quite right
and Im not sure everybodys there
Also there are other people who would
125
like to speak and I think we ought to hear
them So maybe we should hold our comments
until that happens
So well agree to the three minute
standard for comments
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
TOM SIENIEWICZ Im sorry just one
point Did not Mr Teague say that he would
not support the altered drafting of this
piece of Zoning couldnt support it Was
that what he was indicating he was
withdrawing his petition I had that sense
I dont know
HUGH RUSSELL No I think what
hes saying is we submit our recommendation
to Council he was going to speak against
that recommendation and certainly thats his
right And Council has to decide make that
126
decision I mean -- were not proposing this
as a friendly amendment Were proposing
this as a recommendation from this Board
based on the language we have
CHARLES TEAGUE Just to clarify I
was actually hoping you would recommend the
Teague petition because the last time we were
here because --
HUGH RUSSELL Yes you made that
argument
CHARLES TEAGUE Right
HUGH RUSSELL I understand that
Thank you
So on our list the first person is
Kenneth Taylor of 2 Craigy Street
KENNETH TAYLOR Im Ken Taylor 2
Craigy Street Ive listened to what the
Planning Board has said before Ive heard
public complaints and public interest about
127
making changes I see Mr Teagues petition
I understand there are issues related to
that I see the Community Developments
response to your request to comment on that
and improve it My reaction as a layman is
that if you pass -- if you recommend the CD
proposal you risk memorializing
grandfathering the violation of the Zoning
Ordinance which was passed in 1962
Now one question that perhaps Jeff
could explain to me is in the State Code you
quoted Shall lawfully in existence any
condition lawfully in existence
Since 1962 there have been hundreds and
thousands of code violations that have never
been enforced Now does the fact that they
have not been enforced means -- mean that
theyre lawful And does that give them
legitimacy In the case of making Zoning
128
changes I know of a condition where an
existing house I was going to buy had a curb
cut for a driveway that was too close to an
intersection of a public street And it was
non-conforming and it was grandfathered until
you made a change And it was non-conforming
until the code was changed The codes never
been changed on this A six-story building
apartment house built in 1940 probably had
incandescent lights to begin with if any at
all And then in 1960 they added more
powerful incandescents In 1970 they added
sodium vapor In 2012 they added HID Now
probably every one of those except the
incandescent was in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance So my question to you is what
permits grandfathering among all these
violations that have existed for that many
years Is it because the City chose not to
129
enforce the law Thats a general question
Secondly Im confused about the
recommendation about 723 If I understood
it correctly Jeff you said that you can
delete the paragraph altogether because all
of the Zoning applies to all of the city So
if I understand that theres no special
provision for residential areas and so it
doesnt make any difference I dont
understand why theres this paragraph if
youre going to enforce this Zoning Ordinance
throughout the entire city If that isnt
the case I think you need to at least expand
the language If youre seriously trying to
cover these residential zones you need to
expand the language to cover the edges of
these zones which are impacted by other
districts adjacent to the buildings in other
districts should not be allowed to impact on
130
these residential zones
I think the final question it seems to
me which I believe is related and again I
havent talked to Mr Teague about this is
related to the issue of the whole basis for
the Zoning Ordinance If its based on the
light source rather than the fixture then
theres no reason why you can ask existing
owners either to conform with the new code or
to reduce the wattage in their fixture to the
extent possible to the minimum to bring it in
as close to conformance as possible And
that would mean that a 400-watt HID bulb
could be a 100-watt HID bulb And that would
significantly reduce the problem without
causing an owner to replace the fixture
PAMELA WINTERS Sir your time is
up
KENNETH TAYLOR Excuse me
131
PAMELA WINTERS Your time is up
KENNETH TAYLOR Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Theres some
provocative questions there but I think well
just get through some of the comments and
then go there
Second person was Jo M Solet
JO M SOLET Thank you for your
attention Jo M Solet 15 Berkeley Street
I would like to first of all second
what you heard from Mr Taylor I think we
do not want to confer legitimacy on lights
existing lights that are now in violation
And if you doubt that they are there I can
tell you the light about which I spoke to you
at our last meeting I did have the city come
and look at it They told me it was in
violation and they actually and Mr Sean
OGrady told me when I had found all the
132
lights in violation in my neighborhood I
could call him back And I have that in
writing by e-mail So I didnt feel it was
my job to do that but if it will help
Mr Taylor who doesnt live that far away
from me and I will -- well find the
violations and make sure that theyre not
grandfathered for you
I do think there is a backlog of
unconcern about this problem Im also
surprised about the what I see as a hardship
concern about the violators It seems to me
that changing a bulb or adding a hood to an
existing light is not that serious a
hardship And if we discover that there are
folks who have a hardship then maybe we
should be charging for violations and using
the money to help those who have a hardship
come into compliance It could be done
133
Because our concern includes health and
safety the grandfathering piece is really a
serious one because it would leave in place
the things that are currently affecting
health and safety and I want to offer a nod
to Mr Russell and to Mr Sieniewicz for
raising the night sky issue and add that in
talking about this city lighting issues with
the Circadian rhythm experts and the sleep
division at Harvard Medical School
Another issue that was raised was that
of wildlife If you doubt that wildlife is
at issue here imagine when you are taking a
neighborhood and basically giving up night
Youre making it light all the time In our
neighborhood on Berkeley Street within the
passed couple of weeks sighted have been a
grey fox turkeys deer raccoons raccoons
during the day by the way because its day
134
all the time and maybe they dont know when
they should be sleeping rabbits moles and
opossums So theyre confused about when
its night and day and thats not good for
us People are confused about it too
Thanks for your time
STEVEN COHEN Mr Chair Im sorry
if I might interrupt for just a moment Both
of the first two speakers made reference to
lighting being in violation And if there is
some sort of a regulation of existing
lighting thats something that Im unaware
of that I havent heard come out
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
So Jeff is it correct that paragraph
723 is part of the Ordinance now
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
Mr Chair and excuse me for not reviewing
my -- my sort of shorthand of Zoning changes
135
So all of the underlying portions are the
changes to the Ordinance page -- on page 3
the portion under 723 line item 723 is not
there but that paragraph underneath it
constitutes the entirety of current Section
720 of the Zoning Ordinance So that is
currently in the Ordinance The petition
proposed to leave it in the Ordinance and --
HUGH RUSSELL And how long has it
been in the Ordinance
JEFF ROBERTS I do not know the
answer to that question
HUGH RUSSELL A long time right
JEFF ROBERTS Its been for
sometime And any -- it was not during the
ten years that Ive been here So the -- so
any lighting that was established since that
time thats found to be in violation and I
think this -- I wont sidetrack But any
136
lighting thats known to be in violation or
found to be in violation of that Ordinance
since that time will -- its considered
illegally non-conforming Its not -- it
doesnt have a legal conforming status just
because it was ignored And therefore it --
this the proposed -- whether the under the
proposed text or the modified text the new
Zoning would not confer any special -- new
special status towards lighting that was in
violation at the time that it was installed
HUGH RUSSELL Okay So what were
saying is that outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 Districts since
this was put in the Ordinance which I
believe is quite was probably decades ago
is -- do you know exactly
KENNETH TAYLOR Yes the historian
for Community Development informed my wife
137
that there have been no changes in the
lighting ordinance since it was originally
written So that goes back to the original
text of the Ordinance
H THEODORE COHEN When was that
HUGH RUSSELL I do not believe this
paragraph goes back to 1924
KENNETH TAYLOR No no 1962
HUGH RUSSELL 62 So thats the
date
KENNETH TAYLOR Thats when the
Ordinance was written
HUGH RUSSELL The Ordinance was
written in 1920 --
KENNETH TAYLOR Its a 50-year-old
Ordinance It hasnt been changed since
HUGH RUSSELL Sir the Ordinance
was written in 1924 There were major
revisions in 1943 and 1962 And then since
138
1970 the Ordinance has perhaps quadrupled in
size to the establishment of special
districts The question is when did this
paragraph show up And I believe the answer
that youre trying to tell me 1962 So that
says -- so if you will allow me to finish my
thought here that says that in those
districts that are enumerated a light that
shines a direct light on an adjacent
property is not grandfathered
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
HUGH RUSSELL Now that doesnt
help the people in Residence C-2 Districts
and I believe some of the testimony before us
were people who are in those districts But
so that -- so by this little discussion weve
learned that in you know a substantial
portion of the city someone should be able to
go down today and get enforcement And so
139
therefore it probably is a reason to -- you
may want to make that clearer in the
Ordinance that this standard as we talk
about enforcement and grandfathering that
this was the standard Anything thats in
conformance doesnt have legal non-conforming
status That would I believe that helps
Now Id like to continue with the
hearing and Marjorie Williams of Green Street
do you wish to speak Or is it Marjorie
Wellens (phonetic)
MARILYN WELLENS You mean Marilyn
Wellens
HUGH RUSSELL Do you live at 651
Green Street
MARILYN WELLENS I do
HUGH RUSSELL Im sorry I couldnt
read your writing but I certainly know you
MARILYN WELLENS Yes So my name
140
is Marilyn Wellens and I live at 651 Green
Street We abut a Business B-1 District on
Massachusetts Avenue The building at 1030
Massachusetts Avenue was recently con --
within the last year and a half two years
was converted from office to lab use And
the Zoning Ordinance considers these
equivalent uses I can assure you that they
are not neither for lighting nor for noise
nor for height The reason Im here is that
weve had quite a lesson in this in modern
technology and the way that Cambridge is
going over the last two years So that I
have Im afraid scattered notes in response
to some of the Boards comments and I
havent put them in any particular order so
if you will indulge me I will just sort of
speak out
I would say that the matter is urgent
141
that Mr Teague has brought to the Board and
the Council and the Citys attention The
strain of trying to have quiet enjoyment of
ones property is very difficult And I
would suspect that the places where it is
possible are rapidly diminishing And only
the very very choicest residential districts
of the city will be immune and maybe they --
even they wont if the development thats
planned and on the Boards continuance So
Im concerned about the assumption that there
will be all these frivolous complaints What
weve just heard recently is that the Zoning
Ordinance lacks enforcement ability either
through the technical expertise of staff who
are required or asked to enforce it or they
lack the training they lack the money they
lack the expertise they lack the equipment
So that this -- remedying this is not simply
142
a matter of law its a matter of budget and
its a matter of will and committing to
taking care of the health and safety of the
population of Cambridge And that I
understand is the primary impulse and
justification for the Zoning Ordinance Now
thats why were here and thats why youre
dealing with this And as Doctor Solet has
told you repeatedly that light as well as
noise have major major health consequences
And this is another example of what has been
called the privatization of profit and the
socialization of the costs So that you have
the developers and the users maximizing
lowering their own costs by failing
adequately to protect public health and the
rest of us suffer and its a longer term
problem but if youre concerned about the
educational level of the students in
143
Cambridge I suspect that you will pay close
attention to both light and noise and how
they affect people
And so I was bit concerned with the
assumption that you might have lacks -- and
this may have been my missed hearing that it
might be possible to have laxer standards for
persons living in denser zones or in
commercial zones because I dont see any
reason why anyone living in any of those
zones would be less harmed by the noxious
effect of light than people living in an A
Zone
PAMELA WINTERS If you could wind
down your comments please your time is up
MARILYN WELLENS All right And
so I would again encourage you to act on
this and I would ask that the city develop
the capacity to enforce and develop the will
144
to enforce and I ask the Board to participate
in that
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Thank you
Does anyone else wish to be heard
ROBERT WINTERS Hi my name is
Robert Winters I hadnt planned to come
here I do live in a BA-1 Zone I probably
could claim I have five multiple violations
right now on either side of me but I have no
skin in this game I have no desire to file
complaints or anything but something I was
thinking before -- Hugh Russell actually took
the words right out of my mouth And heres
my thoughts that I heard earlier and just to
say them right now I wonder why must this
matter be a part of the Zoning Ordinance at
all It strikes me that all of the
shortcomings and misgivings and like what
145
about grandfathering this or that could all
be resolved if simply this was made part of a
municipal comprehensive municipal light
ordinance that had nothing to do with Zoning
whatsoever
When I have as I have complaints
about neighbors with rodent infestation you
know you call the rodent people If theres
a problem with improper disposal of rubbish
you call Inspectional Services and Public
Works Nobody worries about whether the
rubbish cans were grandfathered in from an
earlier era when they carried ashes out to
the street You know these are living
documents they can be changed to meet with
the times It seems thats the right way to
go Just generally speaking I think we
burden the Zoning Ordinance with far too
much It shouldnt even have quadrupled in
146
size There are so many things We depend
far too much on the Zoning Ordinance to solve
too many problems I believe shortly well
be getting some recommendations coming as
part of an another Zoning Petition where
theyre going to try to tell us from where we
must buy our electricity for example Why
not go and tell what color shirts our
children should wear or whether they should
speak multiple languages and have that be
part of the Zoning Ordinance So my remedy
is simply this Why not simply recommend to
the City Council that they sever this entire
section out of the Zoning Ordinance and
re-craft it as part of the municipal
ordinance on a comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance period and just take this
completely out There should be no need for
Community Development Department weighing in
147
on lighting standards any more than they
should be weighing in on whether the rats or
the garbage cans are properly laid out
outside So I would put the challenge to the
City Councillors and have the Planning Board
come straight out and say that Since were
throwing this ball into your court make this
the best damn municipal lighting ordinance
you can possibly draft and lets take it
right out of Zoning entirely
HUGH RUSSELL Mr John
JOHN HAWKINSON John Hawkinson 84
Mass Ave I just wanted to make explicit I
think an implicit request I heard in
Charlies presentation and that was to the
extent that you request Community Development
do further work on this That you request
that they caucus with Commissioner
Singanayagam and make sure that their
148
recommendations are consistent with his
understanding of enforceability or if not
that theres text explaining how not or why
not
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Does anyone else wish
to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Im just going to
comment on a previous comment and one --
there were several farther back which is if
we are stuck with what the Commissioner of
Buildings thinks he can do with present
staff and the present work rules that may not
be sufficient to protect the population And
so its important to know -- to get Ranjits
take on it because hes you know hes a
very dedicated public servant but at the
same time you know do you have to go beyond
149
that Maybe thats the point
So now we get to the point of trying to
see if we can -- do we have a consensus on
what we would recommend to the Council or do
we have -- I have a feeling were not quite
at a consensus and I dont think were going
to get there But Id be happy to get some
advice from my colleagues
H THEODORE COHEN Im happy to
start I think -- well I think as I
expressed at the last hearing that the
Teague Petition is fundamentally flawed and
overbroad And I had a lot of concerns about
it particularly about you know how you
determine whether theres a violation and
what one does to enforce it And a
grandfathering is a very significant issue in
Zoning I have a litigated cases about it
Ive litigated cases about light and how they
150
fall under Zoning and I could not personally
recommend the Teague Petition as originally
drafted I think that what staff has done
addressed a lot of my concerns and I still
think its overbroad in a lot of areas I
still think that it does not address the
issue fully and certainly doesnt address
the grandfathering issue which I dont think
Zoning can If the rest of the Board felt
comfortable with the Teague with the
revision by CDD I think I could go along
with a recommendation to the City Council
that this was in some sense a stopgap measure
that still had a lot of questions and still
needed to be worked upon and that City
Council ought to hire an expert and probably
the best thing was to have either just a
municipal ordinance or a municipal ordinance
and some waiting reference into the Zoning
151
Ordinance But I do think that this is an
issue you know that needs more thought by
people who are really expert in the field to
determine exactly what will address future
issues and probably more importantly what
can address existing issues that we want to
address and how it does not unreasonably
impact upon the small property owners the
small home owners who are -- Im worried are
all going to be in non-conformance under
this and also what is the best way to
enforce things And you know obviously the
Building Department you know has a limited
budget And you know its going to be up
to the City Council and the City Manager to
decide you know what is the really
important issues that the city is facing and
what they are going to budget for And if
they feel that dealing with this light issue
152
is a primary concern then they may have to
hire more people to deal with enforcement
If they think its less of an important
concern then you know other building
issues then they will appropriately staff
things And so thats where I come out on
this that I personally could not support
recommending the Teague Petition as
originally presented to the City Council with
a lot of reservations I could go along with
a recommendation of what CDD has revised and
subject to further revisions in accordance
with our discussion tonight
AHMED NUR Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Ill be really fast I
do concur everything that Ted just said I
am not also in favor of the proposal and in
favor of recommending to City Council It
153
really needs careful study with experts
When it comes to lighting noise music I
have two daughters that share one room and
the two of them are the opposites One wants
the light off one wants the light on One
wants the music down and so it -- its not
something simple that we can just sit here
and say yay or nay on this
PAMELA WINTERS I agree with my
colleagues I really dont feel comfortable
about voting for the Teague Petition as
drafted I really agree particularly with
what Ted had to say and also Robert Winters
I thought made -- and we are not related I
just want to throw that in
WILLIAM TIBBS I was going to ask
that question
PAMELA WINTERS No we are not
related but I do -- I liked your suggestion
154
of making -- turning this into a municipal
ordinance similar to sound or you know
whatever rather than a Zoning Ordinance And
I think thats about all I had to say So
that was quick
Go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Generally I concur
with all that was said I have two
observations First of all something that
Charlie said really struck me during his
presentation and that is that he conceived
of this as a quick fix As a stopgap in
measuring -- acknowledging that this isnt
really the ideal way to address the problem
That the right way to address it is for the
city to hire an appropriate expert personnel
and to you know put some time and real work
into this and come up with an appropriate
well engineered municipal ordinance Well I
155
guess we all agree that thats the right way
to go The notion of using the Zoning Code
as a quick fix as a stopgap measure sort of
procedurally doesnt seem like the right way
to use Zoning And once adopted it takes on
a life of its own and what if it ends up
being in conflict with what the experts come
up with later It doesnt seem like the
right approach I agree that the approach --
I agree with what has been said by
Mr Winters and the other members here The
way to go is to call upon the City Council to
address this head on in the appropriate and
expert way
My second observation though is Im
blown away to discover that theres already a
provision in the Code which in essence hasnt
been enforced So gosh we can write all
sorts of Zoning Ordinances here Whats the
156
difference what we write if the existing
regulations arent being enforced You know
so it seems to me before we start reinventing
the wheel and making the wheel even fancier
than it already is lets figure out how to
enforce the existing regulation And
actually as written as I look at it it
aint bad It doesnt have all the technical
requirements and references to foot candles
and luminance and so forth but the
principles that it espouse is right on And
frankly if I were to recommend anything as a
short-term stopgap measure well maybe just
make that same provision applicable to other
Zoning Districts as well Boy thats a real
quick fix You know the recommendation
would you know encompass maybe one or two
sentences and you know then you know
lets focus on enforcement and that would be
157
sufficient to hold the fort for a while the
City Council you know addresses this matter
in a more appropriate and professional
manner
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I would
like to agree wholeheartedly with what Steve
just said As much as I -- it really pains
me to think of going into a multi-year or
even multi-month study on this I do think
its the right thing to do I think that
this needs to be done through general
municipal ordinance and that requires time
And I do think that we need to use the tools
that are at our disposal to give some
immediate relief And I would really want to
stress that in the City Council that if that
means appropriating additional funds for
Inspectional Services or whatever it means
that there needs to be some recourse for
158
people to get some relief now while the study
is going on And that you know its the
fact that we havent been able to enforce it
previously does not excuse continuing to do
so while we study a way to do it later
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say I
disagree with -- I agree with what you both
have said
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think what were
discovering in Zoning is a pretty blunt
instrument and these are some pretty fine
issues that are -- that were trying to
figure out how we can control But
nonetheless in my experience almost 20 years
now working pretty intensely with this Code
there are ways in which government works
pretty well the Zoning Board and the Planning
Board I might add and the Zoning Code to
some degree helps to a large degree helps
159
with the way that this community runs And I
really appreciate Steve pointing out the fact
that the Code already has an Ordinance in
there
That not withstanding I believe the
rightful place for at least some components
of this lighting control is within the Zoning
Code Its a physical environments It
relates to the building and it relates to
building science And so youre right the
modified petition is not perfect We have
more suggestions tonight about how to make it
a little better I think it adds adds meat
to the Zoning Code which can be enforced both
with the Building Department and through the
other mechanisms that I referenced here And
so Im generally in favor of sending it up to
the City Council with the recommendations
that came with the first speaker to consider
160
the municipal ordinance to have enforcement
to deal with the issue of grandfathering and
hire an expert to get the actual metrics of
drafting correctly
HUGH RUSSELL So often at this
time we turn to the Stuart and Brian and Jeff
and say okay you got it
JEFF ROBERTS This is one where I
may want to go over some of what was said and
see if thats what is -- what the way things
are intended to go
So is it the -- maybe this is a
question I shouldnt be asking but is it the
Boards consensus -- it seems pretty clear
that the recommendation should include the
recommendation to initiate a process of
developing a more comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance as part of the municipal
code engaging the help of an experienced
161
professional to develop something that has
to help advise on the technical details So
thats that is certainly something that
would be included
In terms of the recommendation on the
Zoning Petition the Board would recommend
the Zoning language the modified Zoning
language that was proposed I know that I
think in the last set of comments there were
maybe different views on what exactly would
be -- would exactly would or should be
included in the text the Zoning text
modifications that are recommended to the
Board Whether it be the fuller set of
changes that was that was sent to the Board
or whether it be a smaller set of changes
only affecting the existing Zoning existing
paragraph of Zoning text
HUGH RUSSELL So I would -- what I
162
heard from my colleagues is that that
Council can consider three different
strategies for an interim regulation that
would be in place to try to help out the way
things are
One is the Teague Petition which we do
not support
The second is the language that youve
drafted and with some modifications based on
our discussion tonight And theres no real
enthusiasm for that because we feel that
primary recommendation of getting municipal
ordinance is the right ultimate solution
If the Council felt they wanted to act
now we would feel -- most of us that
enacting the language was a temporary measure
that might be effective in some cases and
probably wouldnt cause great harm
The third suggestion came from my
163
colleague Mr Cohen which was a very simple
thing to take the 720 regulation and make
it apply citywide as a temporary measure I
think the problem that Council would have to
address in taking that stance is its not
being -- its not being enforced now Is it
not being enforced because it is
unenforceable or is it for some other reason
And that could be a discussion that could be
held between the City Manager and his various
departments and staff about you know if
they were to say well rely on this as a
temporary measure how can we get better
enforcement as to what this actually says
particularly if it were extended to be
citywide
So thats kind of what I heard and I
elaborated a little bit on Steves proposal
In some ways I like Steves proposal the
164
best
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes I do too
JEFF ROBERTS If I could
Mr Chair I mean I think this is a
discussion that maybe came up if you all
remember way back in the original Teague
Petition when the discussion really was
around what is this what is the issue with
the existing Zoning language and what does it
do and what does it not do And we found
that there really were some limitations in
the text and I think that Mr Teague had
really started this process by pointing out
what some of those limitations are
One being that the district only
applies in certain districts which through
enforcement has been taken to -- or at least
cause confusion when theres two adjoining
districts where a business district or a
165
higher density residential district abuts a
lower density residential district and its
not clear what that language is meant to
mean And that could be at the most minor
basic level that could be clarified to say
that any to make sure that its clear that
the effect on any residential property in
those districts is something that should be
enforced for or should be where the Zoning
should be applied and should be -- and
anything should be -- anything that affects
those properties should be reviewed in
compliance Or another step up would be to
as was suggested maybe make it just a
citywide provision which may have certain
impacts on commercial districts and
commercial properties that might not be in
the same level of conformance
HUGH RUSSELL Might be citywide to
166
falling on citywide residential property
H THEODORE COHEN I Jeff the
point you just raised is a concern I have
and you know it may be its a good idea to
amend 723 to make it citywide But Im
wondering if its in the scope of what the
Teague Petition was and what was advertised
because it certainly you know it may be
that it applies to so many other people in
commercial and industrial districts who may
not have come to our hearing or to you know
the Ordinance Committee because they were not
concerned about what they saw as applying
only in residential districts So you know
I think thats something that staff and maybe
the City Solicitors office would have to
review to see whether making such a change
would be within the scope of the petition
And if not then maybe you know we ought to
167
bring -- come back with a very short you
know Planning Board amendment to do that
you know publish it and notify it and let
the citywide have an opportunity to comment
on it And you know coming out of that
maybe what you suggested is that its not
citywide then only you know the impact on
any residential district or any residential
property
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I just want to be very clear that I am
not comfortable with the CDC language as a
stopgap So I just want to make that very
clear
STEVEN COHEN Im just wondering if
a consensus of any sort is reached on the
Board maybe the way to go on this is to
actually start from scratch You know work
on some sort of modification of the existing
168
Section the 723 re-advertise it to make
sure that theres no issues there and ask
the CDD to propose a modification of that
paragraph only this time its an actual
proposal on your part And eventually
perhaps get to the point where its the
Planning Board proposing a Zoning
modification to the City Council which you
know might carry some some extra weight
with the understanding that it is still
something of a stopgap Because maybe that
the appropriate procedure is still to hire
experts and not making our own guesses about
technical matters but you know actually
doing an appropriate study But again I
think the language there is pretty good
And you know with some study on your part
Jeff I think maybe we could arrive someplace
that you know you serve as a pretty good
169
stopgap you know pending adoption of a
full-fledged municipal ordinance
HUGH RUSSELL Speaking against that
notion I would hope that in the 13 days
between now and the City Council midsummer
meeting a cliff notes version of that could
be accomplished I think the Teague Petition
intention was to be effective citywide and
so I think you can probably address Teds
concern of -- because it -- whats under
consideration is a citywide effect Its a
technical legal question and has to be
addressed by the Solicitor but I think
theres some hope that could actually -- and
I think the Council would like to put
something on the books now and rather than
something that we know is going to be interim
or informal So I you know its like I
think part of our difficulty is going to be
170
municipal calendar because as far as I know
-- maybe I can ask Councillor van Beuzekom
are any of the committees of the Council
going to be meeting between now and the
midsummer meeting
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM There
could be a special meeting but theres
nothing planned right now
HUGH RUSSELL Right Okay
So its within the possibility that
this could be advanced somewhere on the
Council level We dont have to come up with
the answer that they can adopt Thats
helpful
STEVEN COHEN The procedure aside
for a moment what about the notion of asking
CDD based on the discussions weve had here
asking CDD to propose a modification of that
provision
171
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I think thats
a productive thing to do
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Say that
again
HUGH RUSSELL And the question is
should we then not forward the language that
Jeff has proposed to us I mean in some
sense its out there in the blogosphere but
if our judgment is that we want a temporary
expedient we want it to be simple then
maybe we should just say draft up the simple
cliff notes version that alters that
paragraph in ways that give it the most --
make it the most effective paragraph that we
can
STEVEN COHEN And I think on a
parallel path not within our power that the
City Council might well call upon the City
Manager to report on the question of
172
enforcement of the existing provision So
you know we understand what the limitations
of enforcement are here And if there are
limitations and there may very well be then
we have to deal with that kind of reality
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I mean I think
there must be limitations because you know
its not city policy to ignore complaints and
not the citizens But they havent been able
to do it So theres something there
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS So I could just make
a suggestion or maybe its more of an offer
that we could within the recommendations --
so as long as the Board has reached some
sense some consensus and some clarity as to
what the substance of what the proposed
change would be to the existing language
that can be drafted and submitted along with
173
the recommendation to the Council We can
also include the Board can include in the
recommendation that the Law Department the
City Solicitor be consulted as long as its
within the scope of the original petition
If its been -- we would confer with the Law
Department on that as well If its
determined that that is okay it could --
that could be moved forward on If not it
could be the Planning Board could opt to
submit that as its own petition to the
Council It would restart the hearing
process but it would it could immediately
be put into the queue And if filed before
if my (inaudible) calendar is correct if
filed pretty much at the beginning of the
fall could still be acted upon by the end of
the Council term
H THEODORE COHEN Can I ask a
174
question
Jeff do you know you know in recent
buildings and commercial and industrial
districts are there outdoor floodlights
JEFF ROBERTS There usually are
If theres a parking facility theres often
you know lighting Exactly what the form of
the lighting is not something that I look at
in great scrutiny in my day-to-day work but
anything with an outdoor parking facility
outdoor walkways equipment entrances well
have well have lighting I think that by
modern standards and you know Ive gone
around looking at different -- as weve been
talking about this as looking at different
buildings and properties around the city to
see what kind of lighting they have and using
the standard can you see the fixtures or can
you see the bulb and you know is anything
175
reflecting is there a -- I think that as you
advance from older structures to newer
structures you find that the lighting starts
to look more like what I think this proposal
intends it to look like But you still do
have those instances where an owner of an
existing building for one reason or another
wants to have better lighting on the parking
lot and they install the most expedient
fixture which is that thats offensive to
neighbors
H THEODORE COHEN Well Im
personally uncomfortable with just doing just
a quick fix and saying lets make 723
applicable citywide without our having heard
anything whatsoever from any commercial or
industrial property owners one way or the
other about that And you know were
trying to avoid grandfathering things but if
176
suddenly were grandfathering parking lots
all over Kendall Square and you know in
lots of other areas of the city maybe thats
the answer but Im uncomfortable doing it
without having a hearing on it thats going
to address that issue So I dont know that
I think that the quick fix to just say make
723 applicable throughout the city is
something that I would support
HUGH RUSSELL So Im looking at
what I believe is the Teague Petition Its
addressed to the honorable City Council and
it says Petition And so I -- looking at
that it seems to me there is language in it
that talks about off-street parking
facilities abutting or facing residential
premises shall not fall under the scope of
the Teague Petition and use his regulatory
language So thats already out there in the
177
proposal
The 723 --
H THEODORE COHEN But still that
language is still referring to only Residence
A B C and C-1 Districts
HUGH RUSSELL I dont believe so
I believe theres another section that refers
to -- so Im looking at this one which I
think is broader And that might be the
limit to which we can go under the Teague --
by implementing Teague
STEVEN COHEN Im sorry isnt the
Teague Petition citywide Am I missing
something
H THEODORE COHEN No because it
was only amended certain -- as I read it it
was only amended certain provisions of the
Zoning Ordinance and adding some additional
language
178
STEVEN COHEN So your read is that
the petition applies only to what
HUGH RUSSELL The parts of the
petition apply to A B C and C-1 Districts
as I read it
STEVEN COHEN Really
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
JEFF ROBERTS Well I believe and
Im looking at it right now and kind of
starting at the beginning and I hope we dont
have different versions of this but the
proposal is to insert -- the main proposal is
on a page which begins Amend the Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Cambridge by doing
the following Insert the following text
after Section 7230 elimination etcetera
And then down at the bottom of the page it
says 722 lighting restrictions for the
City of Cambridge No direct light shall be
179
allowed on any abutting property on any
property abutting an abutting property on
any property across the street from those
properties and on any properties within 300
feet of luminaire and on any street a
property shall explicitly include any
buildings on said property and prohibiting
any direct light from entering the window or
any other openings The luminaire intended
to light a street is allowed to light said
street
H THEODORE COHEN Right I agree
with that But then that does not change --
I mean that just says you cant have light
on abutting property Its you still have
the language in 723 which again talks about
you know no outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 So if were
going to say lets make 723 applicable
180
citywide--
JO M SOLET Can you use the mic
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
If youre saying we cant use 723
applicable citywide then suddenly youre
saying in any non-residential district you
cant have outdoor floodlighting which you
now indicated it probably does exist I
mean this is the problem with you know
trying to you know make a quick fix
amendment to Zoning at the you know the
eleventh hour and trying to come up with
something that we havent really previously
discussed that people havent testified on
one way or the other and maybe thats maybe
thats where we should end up Im just
very very uncomfortable doing it right now
and recommending to City Council that this is
what we think you should do as a quick fix
181
STEVEN COHEN But well Ted --
actually my reaction to what youre saying is
the most shocking part is that at this late
moment on the verge of taking a vote that
were actually not even clear whether the
Petition that weve been talking about for
these last two meetings apply citywide or
only to those residential districts
H THEODORE COHEN Well I think
some things proposed do apply citywide but
some provisions were not being -- did not
apply citywide were not being amended
HUGH RUSSELL I -- some of the
language wasnt being amended but the
structure of the Teague Petition is to say
is to focus on light being cast from fixtures
and it says you cant -- a light cant fall
on somebody elses property citywide
Now 723 talks about a device that
182
accomplishes that or fails to accomplish
that But I think in Teague and if you
will Roberts its still citywide And so
I you know some -- the fact that they --
theyre talking about a light falling on
somebody elses property whether -- I dont
think its any different whether it comes
from a floodlight or a wall pack or not
Its -- thats what was advertised Any
commercial property owner had an opportunity
to read this language and say gee I can no
longer throw light on somebody elses
property And as it happens nobody came and
said that was a problem
H THEODORE COHEN I dont disagree
with that but I dont know that just simply
saying if you make 723 citywide youre not
changing other things And that is why I
suggested --
183
HUGH RUSSELL This is an
architectlawyer discussion
H THEODORE COHEN Right Its an
architectlawyer discussion and I --
HUGH RUSSELL Im thinking an
architect weve got to be able to accomplish
the principle Here the lawyer is saying we
have to actually make the words right I
dont disagree with you
H THEODORE COHEN Correct
STEVEN COHEN And where I agree
with what Ted is saying and the reason I
would send it back to CDD is you know for
us to make a quick judgment here yeah I
said earlier hey all it takes is a sentence
or two Well thats easy for me to say I
would like staff to take a closer look at it
and then sort of work through the
ramifications and then you know whether
184
theyre unintended consequences and so forth
and then come back to us with some sort of a
recommendation But thats the drafting and
the professional who are planning the issue
Youre raising the legal issue of whether
certain interests have received adequate
notice under the law of a change that will
affect them And while I disagree with your
interpretation I think it does apply
citywide I also see that because of Section
723 its at very least ambiguous on what the
Ordinance discovers So Im respectful of
the concern that you raised And as we
talked about it amongst ourselves we werent
clear among ourselves whether this you know
Petition was applicable citywide or only to
these residential districts
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY
Mr Chair
185
STEVEN COHEN So if were not
clear I mean you know what does that say
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I think
that practical implication of both Ted and
Steves comments given that we wont be
meeting again until after the City Council
meeting is that if were going to see
another round of markups from CDD and have a
chance to discuss them then we are not
proposing a specific change to the Zoning
Ordinance for the summer meeting We are not
endorsing the Teague Petition and were
saying that there isnt a quick fix that can
be enacted this summer There may be a quick
fix that can be enacted before the end of
this Council and that we would continue to
try to do But that the long-term goal would
be a citywide lighting ordinance and any
quick fix we are going to propose is language
186
that we still need to work on and theyll be
seeing in the fall
HUGH RUSSELL So do people agree
with that It sounds pretty good to me
H THEODORE COHEN I do
HUGH RUSSELL The only caveat that
I would make is that Council might say hey
were going to ask the Law Department to do
that quick fix in the next two weeks
WILLIAM TIBBS Well thats their
issue
HUGH RUSSELL And if they can
accomplish that they might be able to
accomplish that We cannot
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL Thats the important
part
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL If were going to do
187
it we have to do what she said
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
HUGH RUSSELL So I think we almost
reached -- Ahmed
AHMED NUR We did We did
I also would add that maybe we should
change the language to -- from grandfathering
to grandmothering because lights lights are
actually controlled better laid in the house
Im only kidding
WILLIAM TIBBS Did you get the last
comment I think
JEFF ROBERTS Okay so to recap
the recommendation -- I wont go back over
what you said but the recommendation is what
was just stated regarding -- including the
municipal -- recommendation by the municipal
ordinance advising that you know that the
concerns with the Teague Petition as written
188
the complications with proposing a quick fix
at this point and to and so I guess the
question is is the Planning Board decision
then not to recommend any specific Zoning
text changes to the Council but rather to
suggest that the Planning Board continue to
work on that issue and submit text changes
for the fall term the fall session of the
Council
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
AHMED NUR That sounds good
HUGH RUSSELL I think that except I
would put the work as conditional If the
Council wants us to work on that well put
that on our agenda early in the fall because
they can because they may --
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY They
may preempt us
HUGH RUSSELL They may find a quick
189
fix They may enact Teague All of that is
within their power
Were saying what we can do and we
cant fix it now
STEVEN COHEN And for 50 years of
non-enforcement of the existing provisions I
dont think its the end of the world to wait
a few extra months to do this in a careful
thoughtful
JO M SOLET Can they enforce
whats in place now at least
H THEODORE COHEN Yes
JO M SOLET Do you recommend that
STEVEN COHEN Yes
HUGH RUSSELL We dont generally --
KENNETH TAYLOR Can you make a
recommendation
JO M SOLET Including your
recommendation that there is a law thats not
190
being enforced and while were rewriting it
we would at least like attention to that
HUGH RUSSELL I think we can --
might comment that the Board is unable to
understand why paragraph 720 does not
apparently -- is not able to be enforced
KENNETH TAYLOR Not being enforced
HUGH RUSSELL Thats a statement
which could provide some relief in some
cases it does not seem to be able to be
enforced in -- thats part of the reason we
cant act to fix it because we dont know
whats wrong with it
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Thats
right
STEVEN COHEN But Jo were not
going away
JO M SOLET Im not either I
dont want it to be immortal before I see
191
this
HUGH RUSSELL So I believe we are
now adjourned
JOHN HAWKINSON Councillor van
Beuzekom has her hand up
HUGH RUSSELL Oh Councillor
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM I have one
thing to clarify
HUGH RUSSELL Sure we would be
happy to hear it
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Because I
dont want to by myself to be the sole
conveyor of all the incredible back and forth
between all you guys and between the people
that came to speak So what I dont know is
how much of this draft memo is going to be
shared with the Council Because aside from
what you said this is not out in the
blogosphere People dont really know about
192
this But the -- I think what needs to be
conveyed to the Council is what you dont
like about the Teague Petition So we didnt
really hear that Its kind of in this memo
but you didnt really talk about it You
went straight to CDD making recommendations
that are not going to be forwarded to the
Council But Im hoping that there can be a
write-up in the memo that accompanies the
decision explaining exactly what about the
Teague Petition doesnt work Because it is
citywide and thats what the CDD proposed
There was an attempt to figure out how to
make it more enforceable and Ranjit thought
I can enforce it this way I cant really
enforce it because its too vague the way the
720 is currently written So I think that
would be really valuable to send that
information to the Council
193
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think Mr Chair
at the first hearing we discussed in detail
what specifically were the Boards objections
to the Teague Petition so theres a record
of that in the transcript
HUGH RUSSELL Right And also the
Roberts draft is actually a response to those
points So you can pull out of the draft
what what were the pieces that were being
fixed and why why we felt the need to be
fixed And we can --
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM So it
wont be --
HUGH RUSSELL It wont we wont
give you the Roberts draft but well tell
you whats wrong with Teague because we owe
you that one at least in our opinion
Okay now were adjourned
(Whereupon at 1030 pm the
194
Planning Board Adjourned)
195
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197
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al [1] - 213 alley [1] - 488 allow [9] - 1415 2513 3614 603 6615 9212 9711 1041 1386
allowed [10] - 1419 3613 504 506 6614 708 972 12919 1791 17910
allowing [1] - 356 allows [1] - 5511 almost [7] - 253 287 336 1059 10510 15814 1873
alter [1] - 8210 alteration [5] - 5418
9213 942 948 949
alterations [3] -5519 5612 925
altered [1] - 12510 altering [1] - 829 alters [1] - 17112 altogether [1] - 1295 ambiguity [2] - 7314 7415
ambiguous [1] -18411
ameliorates [1] - 768 amenable [1] - 4310 Amend [1] - 17813 amend [5] - 213 215 217 6310 1665
amended [4] - 17716 17717 18112 18114
amendment [5] -819 639 1262 1672 18011
Amesbury [1] - 1117 amount [5] - 153 4513 502 707 10812
amplified [1] - 287 analog [1] - 7112 analysis [1] - 917 AND [2] - 1951 19517
ANDOR [1] - 19719 Ann [1] - 2317 annoying [1] - 682 answer [7] - 6517 10112 11917 13512 1384 17013 1764
answers [1] - 6910 ANY [2] - 19718 19718
anyway [2] - 8719 8911
anyways [2] - 11210 11610
apartment [3] - 1412 10315 1289
Appeal [3] - 24 53 55
appeal [2] - 11414 11814
applicability [1] - 585 applicable [7] - 7114 15614 17515 1768 17919 1805 18416
applicant [1] - 212 application [4] - 185 4914 4918 5710
applied [2] - 9119 16510
applies [6] - 544 7212 1296 16416 1669 1782
apply [21] - 5411 5414 5518 5610 588 5913 624 627 632 635 637 702 7411 945 9613 1633 1784 1817 18110 18112 1849
APPLY [1] - 19718 applying [1] - 16613 appreciate [1] - 1592 approach [7] - 2415 7919 802 8315 1236 1559
appropriate [7] -6515 15416 15418 15513 1573 16812 16815
appropriately [2] -4118 1525
appropriating [1] -15717
approval [2] - 406 4715
april [1] - 19716 arbor [2] - 879 8711 architect [2] - 1116 1836
architectlawyer [2] -1832 1834
architects [1] -10811
architectural [2] -516 1032
Area [1] - 211 area [9] - 211 1818 1912 2812 291 345 438 914 1129
areas [5] - 412 876 1298 1505 1763
argument [1] - 12610 arm [1] - 1126 arrangement [2] - 92 4410
arrive [1] - 16818 arrived [1] - 117 Article [5] - 557 642 6510 947 975
article [3] - 88 913 975
articulated [2] - 775
7917 ashes [1] - 14513 Ashland [1] - 1095 aside [2] - 17015 19117
aspect [1] - 336 aspects [1] - 971 assigned [2] - 227 229
assist [1] - 1113 Assistant [2] - 113 23
Associate [1] - 111 associated [1] -12112
assume [1] - 444 assuming [1] - 4719 assumption [2] -14111 1435
assure [2] - 3912 1408
astutely [1] - 1108 ATTACH [1] - 1961 attach [1] - 453 attempt [2] - 1141 19213
attempts [1] - 1225 attend [1] - 121 attention [5] - 2715 1319 1412 1432 1902
attorneys [1] - 10810 Auburn [1] - 1127 AUDIENCE [2] -1613 673
audience [1] - 1112 August [2] - 58 716 available [3] - 3315 4518 1242
Ave [1] - 14713 avenue [1] - 1007 Avenue [10] - 15 27 119 1119 123 124 126 1216 1403 1404
avenues [1] - 6411 avoid [3] - 11210 12313 17519
aware [2] - 4414 6813
awful [1] - 681
8618 bad [5] - 393 11312 1147 1174 1568
ball [1] - 1477 Band [1] - 1088 Band-Aid [1] - 1088 bar [1] - 904 based [11] - 1116 506 5514 6016 6317 6718 12317 1264 1306 1629 17017
basement [1] - 93 basic [2] - 1202 1655
basis [2] - 996 1305 bat [1] - 538 bays [2] - 1212 148 Beady [1] - 11911 bear [1] - 9417 beautifully [1] - 1024 become [1] - 8112 becomes [1] - 813 bedrooms [1] - 243 begin [2] - 5111 12810
beginning [3] - 7717 17316 17810
begins [1] - 17813 begun [1] - 5412 behalf [1] - 122 behind [4] - 1219 2517 523 8618
benefit [1] - 3511 Bensley [4] - 212 1118 134 353
BENSLEY [2] - 3416 353
Bensleys [1] - 3515 Berkeley [2] - 1319 13316
best [7] - 386 1241 1478 15017 15111 1641 19710
better [11] - 1111 306 675 771 819 8315 9712 15913 16313 1758 1879
between [13] - 124 258 382 4314 6212 665 996 998 16310 1695 1704 19114
Beuzekom [3] -11515 1702 1915
BEUZEKOM [5] -1706 1713 1917
B
B-1 [1] - 1402 BA-1 [1] - 1448 background [1] -7419
backlog [1] - 1329 backyard [2] - 366
2
3 19111 19312 bottom [3] - 56 15915 724 7217 749 cemented [1] - 774
beyond [2] - 724 2218 17817 buildings [11] - 2217 8117 842 874 Center [1] - 15 14819 boundary [1] - 278 286 5518 5519 1026 11912 certain [8] - 5513
bicycle [2] - 155 boy [2] - 8911 839 9716 10211 candles [4] - 6118 976 9919 16416 156 15615 12918 1743 852 8518 1569 16515 17716
bidding [1] - 1711 break [2] - 283 4710 17416 1797 cannot [2] - 4018 17717 1846 big [1] - 10518 break-in [1] - 283 Buildings [1] - 14813 18614 certainly [12] - 2718 Bill [1] - 3310 BRIAN [1] - 5015 built [4] - 128 1213 cans [3] - 302 2719 3017 4416 bill [1] - 1145 Brian [3] - 113 23 1410 1289 14512 1473 471 5218 6618
bit [9] - 549 5712 1606 bulb [14] - 843 849 cantilever [1] - 221 12518 13918
5714 6711 8611 bricks [1] - 172 8419 11312 cantilevered [1] - 1507 1613 1668
9117 9418 1434 16318
briefly [2] - 5210 1083
11313 1145 1161 1162
3114 capacity [1] - 14319
certificate [1] -11719
black [2] - 2316 8619
bright [2] - 666 7615
11718 13013 13014 13213
CAPTURING [1] -118
Certificate [1] - 1185 CERTIFICATION [1] -
blend [1] - 10212 blinding [1] - 1027 block [3] - 4814 8715 8716
blogosphere [2] -1718 19119
brighter [1] - 664 brightest [1] - 666 brightness [1] - 8414 bring [16] - 1112 2619 722 921 934 953 969
17419 bulbs [1] - 873 bunch [2] - 11410 11912
bundled [2] - 1035 1036
care [2] - 421 1423 careful [3] - 762 1531 1898
carefully [3] - 7619 775 7915
carried [1] - 14513
19717 Certified [2] - 1974 19714
certify [2] - 1975 1978
CERTIFYING [1] -
blood [1] - 1976 9717 9816 994 burden [3] - 6110 carries [1] - 446 19719
blown [1] - 15516 blunt [1] - 15810
10316 1042 11316 1175
11310 14518 burns [1] - 9714
carry [1] - 1689 cars [1] - 10119
chair [14] - 162 2215 399 4019
Board [46] - 24 48 13011 1671 bus [2] - 158 159 case [13] - 56 57 4916 528 8914
52 54 513 814 BRISTOL [1] - 1973 business [6] - 112 119 2415 273 8918 1256 1347
91 919 118 broad [1] - 966 136 137 1312 4719 5517 634 13418 1644
4917 506 508 broader [1] - 1779 1411 16419 646 647 11219 18419 1931
5212 532 5314 6716 6918
broadly [1] - 545 Brookline [2] - 124
BUSINESS [1] - 22 Business [1] - 1402
12719 12913 Cases [1] - 24
Chair [4] - 17 18 474 476
10512 10514 133 button [1] - 6511 cases [7] - 53 55 challenge [1] - 1474
1061 12017 brother [1] - 3515 buttoning [1] - 727 512 14918 chance [2] - 649
12219 1263 12618 1411
brought [12] - 158 2914 3814 3819
buy [2] - 1282 1467 BY [1] - 19718
14919 16217 19010
1859 change [30] - 4612
1441 1475 1509 5119 5616 5713 by-law [1] - 5411 cast [1] - 18116 5413 5414 5417 15817 15818 1616 16114
6217 923 9513 961 1411
BZA [2] - 11415 11910
casting [2] - 8418 8419
565 5614 609 652 813 826
16115 1672 bucks [1] - 467 CATHERINE [11] - 8210 8214 932 16717 1687 17215 1732 17310 1883 1886 1904 1941 19512 1964 19616
BOARD [2] - 12 1961
board [3] - 7916 908 1237
Boards [9] - 2512 5216 5219 5810 612 14015 14110 16014 1933
boards [1] - 1111 Bobrowski [1] - 1153 books [1] - 16916 Boothe [1] - 116 borrow [1] - 4910 borrowed [2] - 5710 5711
bothersome [1] - 426
budget [4] - 11019 1421 15114 15118
build [2] - 173 10211
building [31] - 1211 167 179 2413 2813 2818 3116 3418 361 4013 4114 5613 5614 5615 827 942 943 9414 9716 988 989 9811 10313 10315 11514 1288 1403 1524 1599 15910 1757
Building [13] - 206 896 8910 9214 983 11112 11117 11516 11614 1172 11713 15113
C
C-1 [5] - 62 13614 1775 1784 17918
C-2 [3] - 638 13813 C1 [1] - 633 calendar [2] - 1701 17315
CAMBRIDGE [1] - 12 Cambridge [25] - 16 214 31 33 47 89 138 3711 4112 4516 556 6911 6913 7719 7816 1021 10319 1045 1046 1135 14012 1424 1431 17814 17819
candle [12] - 6118 6515 662 6610
71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
Catherine [4] - 111 44 1974 19713
caucus [1] - 14718 caught [1] - 1087 causing [1] - 13016 caveat [1] - 1866 CAZ [1] - 1962 CD [1] - 1276 CDC [1] - 16712 CDD [14] - 529 1101 1166 11610 12214 15011 15211 1683 17017 17018 18313 1858 1926 19212
CE [1] - 10416
9315 943 1014 1145 11711 11713 1201 1202 1286 16617 17218 17913 1847 18510 1877 1964
CHANGE [6] - 1969 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614
changed [4] - 1287 1288 13716 14515
changes [22] - 816 1711 332 579 7915 8016 921 924 10812 1229 12210 1271 1281 13419 1352 1371 16115 16116
1885 1887 17814 17819 1552 15517 8315 1026 651 8311 8813 19512 19617 18018 1856 15815 15818 comfortable [6] - 8817 10311
changing [7] - 755 Citys [3] - 592 1593 1598 7616 9616 1236 10316 1189 7511 8210 988 6518 1412 15914 15010 15310 complaints [1] -10516 13213 citywide [26] - 628 code [5] - 9914 16712 8312 18218 635 1633 16316 12715 1287 coming [2] - 1464 complaint-driven [2]
Chapter [2] - 548 16515 16519 1309 16019 1675 - 641 8813 696 1661 1665 1674 codes [1] - 1287 comment [16] - 4510 complaints [9] -
characterize [3] - 1677 1698 coffee [1] - 242 494 5810 6117 7611 834 1042 3710 726 981 16911 17515 Cohen [5] - 18 110 6217 6414 754 12619 14112
charging [1] - 13217 17713 1801 43 44 1631 7618 907 10210 14412 1456 CHARLES [4] - 1081 1805 1817 COHEN [59] - 76 87 1274 14810 1728
1085 1265 18110 18112 913 101 1018 1674 18712 complete [1] - 10718 12611 18118 1823 185 3217 459 1904 completed [1] - 1956
Charles [3] - 213 18217 18410 5016 712 7214 commentary [1] - COMPLETED [1] -1086 11116 18416 18518 739 7315 7318 1152 19517
Charlie [1] - 15410 19212 7417 8717 885 commented [1] - completely [2] - 375 Charlies [1] - 14715 Citywide [1] - 15 8912 9019 9219 8114 14618 children [1] - 1469 claim [1] - 1449 938 9313 9417 comments [18] - complexities [1] -
choice [1] - 4219 clarification [3] - 957 9512 963 5115 5216 5219 12212
choicest [1] - 1417 387 3812 3815 9818 1017 1065 882 9018 10014 complexity [1] - 887
chop [1] - 485 clarified [2] - 866 1347 1375 1499 10016 10310 compliance [8] - 954
chose [1] - 12819 1655 1547 1662 10719 12412 9511 9513 9610
CHRIS [4] - 3513 clarify [5] - 569 16715 17015 1252 1255 1315 9817 995 13219
3517 3610 3614 5613 6010 1265 17116 17211 14015 14315 16513
Chris [1] - 3514 1918 17319 17512 1619 1855 complicated [1] -
Christmas [1] - 8710 clarifying [2] - 657 1773 17712 commercial [10] - 1242
Chronicle [1] - 89 1066 17715 1781 3412 3414 997 complications [1] -
church [1] - 103 clarity [2] - 579 1786 17912 1439 16516 1881
Circadian [1] - 1339 17216 1803 1811 1819 16517 16610 complies [1] - 746
circumstances [1] -463
cities [1] - 629 citizens [2] - 1135 1729
CITY [1] - 12 city [20] - 397 5815 7718 8118 10117 1059 12213 1296 12912 13116 1338 13818 1418 14318 15117 15416 1728 17416 1763 1768
City [41] - 113 23 214 31 33 414 5511 5816 592 716 7918 8111 1013 1021 10413 12819 14613 1475 15012 15015 15115 1529 15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 16310 16616 1688 1695 17118 1734 17612
clauses [2] - 1095 10910
clear [17] - 494 515 586 727 7215 7410 8812 11012 12216 16014 1653 1656 16711 16714 1815 18415 1852
clearer [2] - 5312 1392
clearly [2] - 389 922 clerical [1] - 6115 clients [1] - 1057 cliff [2] - 1696 17112
clock [1] - 1086 close [8] - 2018 2418 2614 424 481 1283 13012 1431
closely [2] - 244 1071
closer [4] - 615 2812 677 18317
clothing [1] - 77 Code [16] - 694 6914 701 8314 924 962 1096 1097 12711
18215 1833 18310 18311 1851 1865 1895 18912 18914 19016
coincidence [1] -2310
colleague [1] - 1631 colleagues [8] - 612 102 391 4714 902 1498 15310 1621
COLLING [47] - 1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
Colling [1] - 1115 color [1] - 1468
1743 17516 18210
Commission [1] -19716
Commissioner [7] -896 8911 983 11112 11516 14718 14812
Committee [2] -10919 16612
committees [1] -1703
committing [1] -1422
common [1] - 188 COMMONWEALTH [1] - 1972
community [3] - 161 11113 1591
Community [9] - 113 115 23 1273 13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
comparing [1] - 5715 compel [2] - 561 565
complain [1] - 7517 complaining [1] -836
complaint [8] - 641
compliment [1] -7619
comply [2] - 9416 952
components [1] -1596
comprehensive [3] -1453 14616 16017
compromise [1] -4615
con [1] - 1404 conceived [1] -15411
concept [2] - 3718 404
concern [22] - 2615 2717 4415 465 4716 595 635 739 7312 7318 7815 7818 966 11710 1232 13212 1331 1521 1524 1663 16910 18413
concerned [19] - 397 4718 591 763 765 7718 7719 795 8019 824 825 831 838 8313 8611
combination [2] -
4
14111 14218 1434 16613
concerns [13] - 268 418 4418 451 497 5012 769 9615 9619 1219 14913 1504 18719
concur [7] - 4019 4117 423 8918 901 15217 1547
condenser [8] -4416 4510 4511 4514 4515 4517 466 4618
condition [6] - 314 401 453 789 12713 1281
conditional [1] -18813
conditioner [1] - 454 conditioning [4] -309 316 417 425
conditions [2] - 918 507
condoized [1] - 1810 confer [3] - 13112 1369 1736
confident [1] - 9616 confines [1] - 812 confirm [1] - 3819 confirmed [1] - 311 confirming [1] - 4016 conflict [1] - 1557 conform [5] - 6510 7119 737 9815 1309
conformance [11] -5616 607 611 612 617 962 9718 13012 1396 15110 16518
conforming [27] -1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 603 7017 7110 7910 816 922 9218 9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1365 1396
conformities [2] -333 9116
conformity [10] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 935 973 978 979 992
confused [4] -12118 1292 1343 1345
confusing [1] - 8215 confusion [3] - 631 10715 16418
congratulate [1] -4115
Connolly [2] - 111 45
CONNOLLY [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
conscious [1] - 1146 consciously [1] -1125
consensus [5] -1493 1496 16014 16716 17216
consequences [3] -5812 14210 1841
consider [5] - 993 10114 1031 15919 1622
consideration [4] -6312 6519 10413 16911
considerations [1] -5315
considered [3] -1031 1073 1363
considers [1] - 1407 consistent [3] - 626 868 1481
constitutes [2] - 826 1355
constructed [1] - 211 construction [8] -915 917 109 1011 1012 136 291 829
constructive [1] -510
consult [1] - 1166 consultant [1] - 8116 consulted [2] - 409 1734
contact [1] - 382 content [1] - 12413 context [2] - 1055 10516
continuance [1] -14110
continue [7] - 1814 322 324 5513 1398 18516
1886 Continued [2] - 219 219
continues [1] - 632 continuing [2] - 153 1584
continuous [5] - 734 1069 10614 1073 1074
CONTROL [1] -19719
control [4] - 3713 7813 15813 1597
controlled [1] - 1879 conventional [1] -504
conversation [2] -323 901
conversations [2] -5010 982
Conversion [1] - 28 conversion [2] - 195 1919
convert [4] - 27 1315 1415 4919
converted [2] - 3314 1406
conveyed [1] - 1922 conveyor [1] - 19113 convince [1] - 10315 copy [1] - 1956 core [2] - 6318 8018 corner [3] - 63 133 177
correct [14] - 1619 182 1819 1916 211 236 253 3316 11917 13415 13417 13811 17315 18310
correction [1] - 1965 corrections [2] -19512 19617
correctly [5] - 794 9914 1023 1294 1604
cost [1] - 467 costs [3] - 9816 14213 14215
Council [50] - 412 414 526 688 716 7918 1102 1231 12311 12314 12319 1249 12517 12519 1412 14613 1494 15012 15016 15115 1529
15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 1622 16214 1634 1688 1695 16915 1703 17012 17118 1731 17312 17318 17612 18018 1856 18516 1867 1885 1889 18814 19117 1922 1928 19219
COUNCILLOR [5] -1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
Councillor [3] -11515 1702 1916
councillor [1] - 1914 Councillors [1] -1475
counter [1] - 4316 country [1] - 7816 couple [6] - 411 2411 3518 7716 9818 13317
course [1] - 9713 Court [1] - 11415 court [1] - 1477 cover [3] - 484 12915 12916
covered [3] - 1717 4714 545
covers [2] - 1011 576
craft [1] - 14615 Craigy [2] - 12615 12617
crane [1] - 11316 create [5] - 214 32 286 5311 809
creates [1] - 7314 creating [3] - 303 804 856
creatures [1] - 12019 credit [1] - 7817 criticism [1] - 511 critique [3] - 10719 1082 1084
crossed [1] - 10617 crushed [1] - 289 curb [1] - 1282 curious [1] - 841 current [2] - 818 1355
cut [2] - 10410 1283 cyclists [1] - 10118
D
dally [1] - 479 damage [1] - 2616 damn [1] - 1478 dark [2] - 2216 1043 Dash [1] - 116 DATE [1] - 1961 date [3] - 911 13710 1966
daughters [1] - 1533 day-to-day [1] - 1749 days [4] - 285 11815 1694
deal [6] - 6815 7110 803 1522 1602 1725
dealing [5] - 7912 809 1008 1428 15119
decades [1] - 13616 deceased [1] - 135 December [1] - 912 decibel [1] - 461 decide [6] - 525 11813 12016 1244 12519 15116
decision [6] - 1133 11811 11815 1261 1883 19210
decisions [1] - 1157 deck [7] - 149 2611 301 347 348 3411 357
decker [2] - 1216 1217
decorative [1] - 1079 dedicated [2] - 3319 14818
deemed [2] - 766 1004
deer [1] - 13318 defer [1] - 917 define [1] - 4017 defined [4] - 217 1141 1142 1203
defining [2] - 3815 12010
definitely [1] - 4715 definition [4] - 7710 8212 944 11618
definitions [4] - 214 576 735 11413
degree [2] - 15819 delay [1] - 406 delete [2] - 10714 1295
deleted [1] - 6315
5
delivered [4] - 1953 1957 1958 19510
demand [1] - 9812 demarcate [1] - 3116 demolition [1] - 2819 demonstrate [1] -10514
demonstrated [1] -6113
dense [1] - 3719 denser [1] - 1438 density [2] - 1651 1652
Department [13] -718 10416 11117 1166 11614 14619 15113 15915 1733 1737 1868 1954 1959
departments [1] -16311
describe [1] - 186 described [3] - 6017 801 894
Design [2] - 216 1116
design [1] - 4115 desire [2] - 94 14411
desired [2] - 9710 9719
despite [2] - 1089 detail [2] - 645 1932 details [5] - 403 408 5013 11913 1612
detectors [1] - 10612 deteriorated [1] -1516
deterioration [1] -177
determination [1] -752
determine [4] - 8312 8411 14915 1514
determined [3] - 211 2712 1738
develop [4] - 2913 14318 14319 1611
developed [2] - 2911 3113
developers [1] -14214
developing [1] -16017
Development [8] -113 115 23
13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
development [2] -703 1419
Developments [1] -1273
deviate [1] - 5317 device [1] - 18119 diagram [2] - 786 791
dialogue [1] - 2514 diameter [1] - 1049 diametric [1] - 4013 difference [4] - 4513 469 1299 1561
differences [1] -1105
different [26] - 2415 2416 5419 552 624 625 6916 7018 8412 9015 9410 9411 1109 1142 12013 12019 1225 12211 12219 16110 1622 17414 17415 17811 1827
differently [2] - 197 392
difficult [4] - 5910 5913 6517 1414
difficulty [1] - 16919 dilly [1] - 478 dimensional [2] -816 505
dimensionally [2] -331 504
diminished [1] -1048
diminishing [1] -1416
direct [6] - 736 1069 1115 1389 17819 1798
DIRECT [1] - 19719 Direct [1] - 215 direction [2] - 865 8919
DIRECTION [1] -19719
directions [1] - 3912 directly [2] - 244 6015
directness [1] - 579 disagree [4] - 1587 18215 1839 1848
discomfort [1] - 756 discover [2] - 13215
15516 discovering [1] -15810
discovers [1] - 18412 discretionary [1] -5313
discuss [4] - 3215 3917 4010 1859
discussed [4] - 507 1227 18014 1932
discusses [1] - 707 discussion [13] -5019 5112 1092 10918 12319 13816 15213 16210 1639 1645 1647 1832 1834
discussions [3] -416 10711 17017
disposal [2] - 1459 15714
distance [4] - 1512 455 457 4512
distinction [2] - 996 9911
distribution [3] -1610 1611 1968
District [5] - 817 818 1314 505 1402
district [6] - 16415 16419 1651 1652 1678 1806
Districts [6] - 34 13614 13813 15615 1775 1784
districts [20] - 625 6212 6213 633 637 12918 12919 1383 1388 13815 1417 16416 16419 1658 16516 16610 16614 1744 1818 18417
divide [2] - 198 226 division [1] - 13310 DO [1] - 1965 Doctor [1] - 1428 document [1] - 574 documents [1] -14515
DOES [1] - 19718 dog [1] - 1177 done [15] - 264 2913 436 448
4413 522 7018 886 919 11919 12411 13219 1503 15711
door [4] - 1712 2114 442 6615
doubt [2] - 13114 13312
down [21] - 173 176 2218 485 566 669 8518 865 11111 11117 11514 11515 11613 11615 1173 1183 12011 13819 14315 1536 17817
downwards [1] - 895 draft [9] - 5213 5214 5217 1479 17111 19116 1937 1938 19315
drafted [5] - 7915 1503 15312 1629 17219
drafting [3] - 12510 1604 1843
drawing [2] - 217 3013
drawings [1] - 917 drink [1] - 3417 drive [1] - 761 driven [2] - 641 8813
driveway [10] - 94 95 145 146 1413 1715 8612 8617 1128 1283
driveways [1] -10611
duration [1] - 1012 during [6] - 9712 9713 1063 13319 13515 15410
Dwelling [1] - 210 dwelling [3] - 210 1310 503
dynamics [1] - 10116
easy [3] - 672 11315 18316
echo [1] - 902 edges [1] - 12916 Edmunds [1] - 1087 educational [1] -14219
effect [7] - 152 287 782 1064 14312 1657 16911
effective [4] - 7813 16217 1698 17114
efforts [2] - 918 1218
egress [1] - 149 eight [7] - 111 4217 475 4814 4818 494
either [9] - 495 615 11812 11814 1309 14114 14410 15017 19018
elaborated [1] -16318
Electrical [1] - 9215 electricity [1] - 1467 elements [3] - 10815 10817 1126
eleventh [1] - 18012 elimination [1] -17816
emphasis [1] - 773 empire [1] - 129 empty [1] - 518 enable [1] - 546 enabling [1] - 685 Enabling [1] - 719 enact [1] - 1891 enacted [2] - 18514 18515
enacting [1] - 16216 enactment [1] - 1051 enclave [1] - 2614 encompass [1] -15617
encompassing [1] -9210
encourage [4] - 613 712 4617 14317
end [10] - 97 629 7118 7713 1159 12014 17317 18016 18515 1897
endorsing [1] -18512
ends [1] - 1556 enforce [21] - 5910 7011 1071
E
e-mail [2] - 1014 1323
early [1] - 18815 easel [1] - 1112 easier [1] - 6711 easily [1] - 498 east [2] - 2016 4813
6
11112 11217 1109 1142 7217 19210 222 4112 10313 11517 11813 14710 except [3] - 12814 explanations [1] - fancier [1] - 1564 11814 1291 entirety [1] - 1355 18812 19616 905 far [4] - 1325 14518 12911 14116 entitled [1] - 7714 exceptions [4] - 589 explicit [2] - 11413 1462 1701 14319 1441 entrance [1] - 3116 5812 9212 14713 fast [1] - 15216 14916 15112 entrances [1] - 10710 explicitly [2] - 11013 favor [5] - 511 514 1566 1583 17411 excuse [3] - 13019 1796 15218 15219 18910 19215 entry [1] - 1717 13418 1584 expressed [2] - 464 15917 19216 enumerated [1] - exempt [1] - 1068 14911 favorably [1] - 1102
enforceability [1] - 1388 exercise [1] - 906 extend [1] - 277 fee [1] - 11817 1482 environment [3] - exist [1] - 1808 extended [1] - 16315 feedback [1] - 678
enforceable [1] - 381 10213 1033 existed [1] - 12818 extension [4] - 910 fees [1] - 1131 19214 environmental [1] - existence [5] - 5412 2113 5415 5416 feet [9] - 192 1912
enforced [15] - 6015 7815 5717 1002 extensive [2] - 109 4217 4317 4319 6916 11411 environments [1] - 12712 12713 5811 4818 744 7510 12716 12717 1598 existing [45] - 27 extent [7] - 553 1795 15518 1562 equipment [2] - 172 175 1710 5919 9019 9112 fell [1] - 95 15914 1636 14118 17411 184 1812 2018 9315 13011 fellow [3] - 464 1637 1659 1901 equivalent [2] - 855 222 3315 369 14716 4917 7916 1906 1907 1408 3610 3815 544 exterior [4] - 2617 felt [3] - 1509 19011 era [1] - 14513 561 566 5611 3010 948 10511 16214 19310
enforcement [33] - Errata [4] - 1952 6218 7012 7110 external [2] - 1155 few [3] - 467 915 5313 5912 5914 1955 19513 7114 806 953 1178 1898 6317 641 644 1967 956 973 977 extra [2] - 1689 field [1] - 1513 6411 7018 759 ERRATA [3] - 1951 9814 1149 1188 1898 figure [4] - 627 832 8813 9115 19517 1963 12011 1282 extremely [2] - 4518 1565 15813 9319 985 1106 errata [1] - 1966 1308 13113 466 19213 1118 1119 espouse [1] - 15611 13214 13411 eye [1] - 667 figures [1] - 1131 11115 11118 essence [1] - 15517 1516 1561 1566 file [2] - 6419 14411 11518 1204 13819 1394
essentially [4] -5817 929 9317
16117 1649 16719 1721
F filed [2] - 17314 17316
14114 1522 15619 1601 16314 16417 1721 1723 1896
enforcer [1] - 11612 enforcing [2] - 586 888
engage [1] - 1246 engaging [1] - 16019 engineered [1] -15419
engineers [2] -10211 10810
enhancement [1] -1519
enjoy [1] - 784 enjoyment [2] -11214 1413
enlargement [2] -9412 9414
enlarging [1] - 957 enormous [1] - 4512 enter [1] - 148 entering [2] - 10613 1798
enthusiasm [1] -16211
9918 established [2] - 696 13517
establishment [1] -1382
estate [1] - 74 et [1] - 213 etcetera [5] - 2610 1069 17816
evening [3] - 46 121 2314
eventually [2] - 6812 1685
everywhere [1] -9613
evidence [1] - 616 exacerbated [1] -333
exactly [8] - 813 10917 13617 1514 16110 16111 1747 19210
examine [1] - 6911 example [4] - 6912 10214 14211 1467
17218 1757 1896
expand [2] - 12913 12916
expanding [1] - 1041 expansiveness [1] -9516
expedient [2] -17110 1759
expense [1] - 1186 experience [4] - 386 7014 912 15814
experienced [2] -1191 16019
expert [8] - 6818 914 1114 15016 1513 15416 15514 1603
expertise [4] - 10416 10418 14115 14118
experts [7] - 10414 10811 1121 1339 1531 1557 16813
expiration [1] - 911 expire [1] - 10911
facade [3] - 63 488 4812
facilitate [1] - 601 facilities [1] - 17616 Facilities [1] - 216 facility [2] - 1746 17410
facing [4] - 1111 1026 15117 17616
fact [10] - 568 604 766 792 8115 8216 12716 1583 1592 1824
factors [1] - 582 failing [1] - 14215 fails [1] - 1821 fairly [1] - 3016 fall [8] - 1501 17317 17617 18117 1862 1888 18815
falling [2] - 1661 1825
falls [1] - 944 familiar [1] - 241
filled [2] - 69 713 final [5] - 9912 11815 11816 11915 1302
findings [1] - 506 fine [5] - 2515 6713 10417 1138 15811
finish [1] - 1386 finished [1] - 1132 firm [1] - 1093 firs [1] - 3518 first [23] - 48 2310 248 283 5018 576 6818 693 714 7116 799 8114 8818 908 9118 10216 10219 12614 13110 1349 1549 15919 1932
firsthand [1] - 7010 five [1] - 1449 fix [18] - 615 11016 11510 15412 1553 15616
entire [3] - 1012 examples [3] - 6919 Expires [1] - 19716 families [1] - 9910 17514 1767 12912 14613 7010 10912 explain [1] - 12711 family [7] - 122 18010 18019
entirely [4] - 2817 exceed [2] - 723 explaining [2] - 1483 1317 1416 1518 18513 18515
7
8 18519 1869 1739 15816 657 6717 7313 hearing [15] - 118 1881 1891 1894 forwarded [1] - 1927 grain [1] - 10417 814 8219 881 5114 5218 5315 19012 four [1] - 1039 grandfather [2] - 913 981 9912 683 8114 1011
fixed [2] - 19310 fourth [1] - 1056 1122 1157 10013 1075 11819 1399 19311 fox [1] - 13318 grandfathered [6] - 12118 1551 1436 14911
fixing [1] - 6812 framework [2] - 554 1139 11410 1882 16611 17312 fixture [17] - 793 5514 1285 1328 guesses [1] - 16813 1765 1932 827 8211 8213 8616 921 923
frankly [3] - 4510 4612 15612
13810 14512 grandfathering [19] -
guy [2] - 1191 11911
hearings [1] - 5714 HEARINGS [1] - 26
926 933 11010 free [1] - 662 9611 1099 1106 guys [4] - 1192 hedge [8] - 2418 11012 11315 11716 1307
friendly [1] - 1262 frivolous [6] - 7611
11013 1137 1167 1207 1208
1195 12016 19114
276 2918 429 4315 448 4818
13010 13016 17510
834 835 837 14112
1278 12817 1332 1394 1451 H
495 hedges [1] - 414
fixtures [8] - 567 FROM [1] - 1613 14917 1508 hedging [1] - 4212 602 603 6014 10516 11714 17418 18116
flashing [2] - 10118 1074
flawed [1] - 14912 fledged [1] - 1692 floodlight [1] - 1828 floodlighting [3] -13613 17917 1807
floodlights [1] - 1744 floor [4] - 211 63 283 851
focus [3] - 2910 15619 18116
folks [3] - 397 496 13216
follow [1] - 10011 Following [1] - 219 following [4] - 214 5213 17815
foot [22] - 126 1715 199 2113 4810 4814 495 6118 6514 6515 6610 723 7217 749 842 852 855 8517 1025 11912 1569
footprint [1] - 2817 FOR [1] - 12 foregoing [1] - 19616 FOREGOING [1] -19717
form [2] - 5217 1747
former [1] - 7014 fort [1] - 1571 forth [5] - 1028 15610 1841 19113 1979
forward [10] - 3819 4119 4913 5516 6410 6413 807 12318 1716
front [4] - 146 1711 3519 8613
full [2] - 1102 1692 full-fledged [1] -1692
fuller [1] - 16114 fully [2] - 543 1507 functional [1] - 9715 fundamental [1] -1202
fundamentally [2] -12019 14912
funds [1] - 15717 future [2] - 8010 1514
G
game [1] - 14411 garage [2] - 1212 148
garbage [4] - 302 1197 1473
gate [1] - 8618 gee [1] - 18211 GENERAL [2] - 12 22
general [8] - 539 558 642 7716 8919 915 1291 15711
General [2] - 218 802
generally [6] - 862 971 14517 1547 15917 18915
gesturing [1] - 787 given [2] - 2413 1855
glare [1] - 216 glasses [1] - 516 goal [1] - 18517 gonna [1] - 11813 gosh [1] - 15518 government [1] -
1602 17519 1761 1877
grandmothering [1] -1878
granted [3] - 814 445 1137
grates [1] - 284 Great [1] - 4312 great [18] - 49 3013 3018 329 336 338 339 4111 4216 4419 516 713 714 816 919 16218 1749
greater [2] - 210 553
green [1] - 1216 Green [3] - 1399 13915 1401
Greg [1] - 1115 GREGORY [47] -1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
grey [1] - 13318 grocery [1] - 1511 gross [2] - 211 1911 ground [4] - 63 383 788 864
grow [1] - 4217 grows [1] - 10117 guess [18] - 1019 2411 2815 3311
half [13] - 127 128 1219 139 458 6118 662 6610 723 7217 7518 8116 1405
hand [2] - 1915 19711
handbook [1] - 1153 handle [1] - 11110 hands [1] - 593 hands) [1] - 512 happy [5] - 4416 451 1497 1499 19110
hard [3] - 477 844 11315
hardship [4] - 13211 13215 13216 13218
harm [1] - 16218 harmed [1] - 14311 Harvard [1] - 13310 HAWKINSON [2] -14712 1914
Hawkinson [1] -14712
head [4] - 168 10119 1022 15513
health [7] - 1112 1115 1331 1335 1423 14210 14216
hear [8] - 3016 3017 402 675 12118 1251 19110 1924
heard [14] - 55 5017 6814 12317 12618 13111 13413 14113 1445 14415 14714 1621 16317 17515
HEARING [1] - 12
height [5] - 414 429 4212 4215 14010
held [2] - 5718 16310
help [8] - 8116 1226 1324 13218 13813 16019 1612 1624
helpful [1] - 17014 helps [3] - 1397 15819
hereby [1] - 19617 hereinbefore [1] -1979
hereunto [1] - 19711 hi [1] - 1110 Hi [1] - 1446 HID [3] - 12813 13013 13014
high [5] - 279 6119 629 667 11316
higher [1] - 1651 highlight [1] - 7817 hire [6] - 10414 15016 1522 15416 1603 16812
historian [1] - 13618 historical [1] - 1043 hit [1] - 8018 hold [4] - 8513 1051 1252 1571
home [1] - 1519 homeowner [1] -1183
honorable [1] -17612
hood [1] - 13213 hope [4] - 1158 1694 16914 17810
hopefully [2] - 8818 11511
hoping [4] - 1414
9 679 1266 1928 1835 1863 1866 10310 1111 indulge [1] - 14017 494 1977
horizontally [1] - 863 18612 18616 14816 15117 indulgence [2] - interesting [3] - 785 Hospital [1] - 1127 18619 1873 1523 18616 2513 3119 9110 1215 hot [1] - 1033 18812 18819 importantly [1] - industrial [3] - interests [1] - 1846
Hotel [2] - 89 812 18915 1903 1515 16610 1743 interfere [1] - 3914
hour [3] - 116 1092 1908 1912 1916 impossible [1] - 17517 interim [2] - 1623 18012 1919 1936 10314 inexpensive [1] - 16917
hours [2] - 1192 house [37] - 127
19314 Hugh [8] - 17 42
improper [1] - 1459 improve [1] - 1275
4218 infestation [1] - 1457
interpretation [1] -1849
128 129 1219 139 1310 222 244 2419 2518 269 2617 3017
3118 8011 8319 1212 14413 15214
Hughs [1] - 751
improved [2] - 335 4910
improvement [1] -8017
informal [1] - 16918 information [1] -19219
informed [1] - 13619
interpreted [1] - 9119 interrupt [1] - 1348 interrupted [1] -6712
376 414 437 hundreds [1] - 12714 improving [1] - 2919 initial [2] - 5317 intersection [1] -4315 4318 458 husband [1] - 135 impulse [1] - 1425 8215 1284 4719 489 4810 4816 742 743 I
IN [1] - 19711 inaudible [3] - 1077
initiate [1] - 16016 insert [2] - 17812
invisible [1] - 1716 involve [1] - 933
8612 9419 953 1157 17315 17815 involved [1] - 248 968 1059 10510 10511 1177 1184 1282 1289 1879
houses [1] - 481 hue [1] - 4215 hues [2] - 4216 4217
huge [1] - 10517 HUGH [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693 1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831
idea [6] - 517 2613 338 355 4211 1664
ideal [1] - 15414 ignore [1] - 1728 ignored [1] - 1366 illegally [1] - 1364 illuminance [8] - 581 582 848 8417 851 8515 8517 862
illuminating [1] -1024
illumination [3] -598 7715 11618
Illumination [1] - 33 illustrating [1] - 887 imagine [1] - 13313 imagining [1] - 856 immediate [2] - 5011 15715
immediately [2] -7114 17313
immortal [1] - 19019 immune [1] - 1418 impact [7] - 1514 984 1032 10518 12919 1518 1677
impacted [1] - 12917 impacts [1] - 16516 implementing [1] -17711
implication [1] -1854
implications [2] -1204 1207
implicit [1] - 14714 imply [1] - 632 important [12] -3618 371 396 434 437 9111
inaudible) [2] - 202 484
Inaudible) [2] - 2311 12116
INC [1] - 117 incandescent [2] -12810 12815
incandescents [1] -12812
inches [1] - 1048 inclined [1] - 916 include [6] - 363 364 16015 1732 1796
included [9] - 577 589 596 5918 7914 10618 1614 16112
includes [1] - 1331 including [3] - 9115 18716 18918
income [1] - 1813 incorporate [1] -1219
increase [1] - 592 increasingly [1] -7815
incredible [1] -19113
indeed [1] - 718 Index [1] - 36 indicate [1] - 19512 indicated [2] - 914 1808
indicating [1] -12512
Indirect [1] - 215 indirect [3] - 32 34 734
individual [3] - 654 756 7511
indoor [3] - 596 599 10213
Inspectional [4] -941 9812 14510 15718
Inspector [1] - 206 install [3] - 9215 1759
installed [2] - 562 13611
installer [2] - 6110 6113
installing [2] - 8815 10218
instance [4] - 588 5814 5818 987
instances [2] - 5510 1756
instead [1] - 653 INSTRUCTIONS [3] -1951 19511 1964
instructions [1] -1968
instrument [2] -1046 15811
instrumentation [1] -1206
instruments [1] -11619
insurance [2] - 75 1184
intend [1] - 2916 intended [3] - 722 16011 1799
intends [2] - 6416 1755
intensely [1] - 15815 intensity [1] - 858 intent [2] - 539 7413 intention [1] - 1698 interaction [1] - 382 interest [3] - 3014 413 12619
interested [3] - 2412
inward [1] - 272 issue [32] - 2918 307 4210 5313 541 545 715 773 777 7815 7818 881 1122 11910 12216 1242 1305 1337 13311 13313 14917 1507 1508 1512 15119 1602 1648 1766 1844 1845 18611 1887
issues [11] - 6412 8018 872 1272 1338 1515 1516 15117 1525 15812 1682
item [5] - 48 51 5111 648 1353
iteration [1] - 312 itself [6] - 364 3616 5215 6012 19514 1966
J
jail [1] - 8717 jam [1] - 417 Jeff [25] - 5116 521 529 6712 711 713 7618 797 904 906 9019 10015 10017 10112 1066 1108 1142 12710 1294 13415 1606 1662 16818 1717 1742
JEFF [31] - 528
6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514 9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
Jeffs [2] - 1217 1225
Jo [3] - 1317 1319 19016
JO [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
job [7] - 516 6812 713 714 887 1012 1324
John [2] - 14711 14712
JOHN [2] - 14712 1914
judgment [2] - 1719 18314
July [3] - 13 415 55
jurisdiction [1] - 461 justification [1] -1426
kinds [2] - 9919 1248
kitchen [2] - 4316 4815
knowledge [5] - 319 349 7418 912 19710
known [1] - 1361
L
lab [1] - 1406 lack [4] - 14117 14118
lacks [2] - 14114 1435
ladder [2] - 4318 442
laid [3] - 946 1473 1879
Lamp [1] - 215 lamp [1] - 5910 lamps [1] - 1022 land [1] - 1153 landscape [2] - 2913 4412
landscaping [1] -5013
language [35] - 2816 5516 5517 609 726 7313 765 7914 1015 10115 1225 12317 12318 1264 12914 12916 1617 1618 1628 16216 1649 1653 16712 16816 1716 17218 17614 17619 1774 17719 17916 18114 18211 18519 1877
languages [1] -14610
large [2] - 3016 15819
largely [1] - 5317 larger [1] - 1616 largest [1] - 1043 last [18] - 510 98 4412 5314 715 772 10813 10918 11716 12117 1267 13116 1405 14013 14911 1619 1817 18711
lastly [1] - 1148 late [1] - 1813 law [8] - 5411 559 774 9919 1291 1421 1847 18919
Law [5] - 717 1166 1733 1736 1868
lawful [1] - 12718 lawfully [4] - 5412 12712 12713
laws [3] - 546 548 698
Lawson [1] - 1974 lawyer [1] - 1837 lawyers [1] - 11214 laxer [1] - 1437 layman [1] - 1275 laymens [1] - 845 learned [1] - 13817 lease [2] - 3615 3815
leases [7] - 361 369 3610 4017 4613 4616
least [10] - 666 9318 1042 12913 1596 16417 18411 18911 1902 19317
leave [3] - 9217 1333 1358
leaving [1] - 10613 left [6] - 1210 1217 6116 6311 8213
legal [11] - 151 154 563 6819 922 11211 1169 1365 1396 16912 1845
legitimacy [2] -12719 13112
legitimate [1] - 7516 Lesley [2] - 104 108 less [5] - 1818 192 5312 14311 1523
lesson [1] - 14011 letters [1] - 11812 level [9] - 4517 462 662 7419 753 14219 1655 16518 17012
Li [5] - 134 136 2713 439 4418
Lianne [6] - 212 1118 2718 288 308 499
Liannes [1] - 259 license [1] - 828
License [1] - 19715 life [2] - 9713 1556 Light [2] - 215 215 light [82] - 3115 5113 5611 604 6011 6019 616 663 6614 704 707 7113 736 743 7519 7615 781 7813 7818 8211 8213 849 8413 8414 8416 8417 8419 856 858 8513 8517 8814 893 1025 10219 10414 10516 1072 1073 1074 10815 10817 10818 10819 11011 1113 1114 1115 1124 1129 1138 11311 11312 1143 1147 11518 12011 1307 13115 13214 13315 1388 1389 1429 1432 14312 1453 14919 15119 1535 17819 1798 17910 17914 18116 18117 1825 18212
Lighting [2] - 32 34 lighting [73] - 3111 3113 395 398 3910 3913 5012 544 561 562 566 5611 5615 5815 592 596 599 659 687 703 7016 793 846 8615 8616 898 914 9216 951 953 961 9610 9711 9712 9718 9813 9814 995 10215 10515 1067 10610 1079 10811 1097 1126 11512 11513 11917 1338 13410 13412 13517 1361 13610 1372 1409 14617 1471 1478 1532 1597
16018 1747 1748 17412 17417 1753 1758 17818 18518
lights [22] - 217 3114 3911 8710 10116 10119 10212 1032 1035 10410 10816 1116 1149 11410 1162 1175 12810 13112 13113 1321 1878
limit [1] - 17710 limitations [5] -16411 16414 1722 1724 1727
Limitations [1] - 218 limited [2] - 1002 15113
limits [1] - 1018 Lincoln [1] - 11215 LINE [1] - 1969 line [13] - 1010 2111 2419 261 271 277 455 4610 482 724 745 11217 1353
list [5] - 49 1014 639 10710 12614
listen [2] - 9013 9016
listened [2] - 771 12617
lit [2] - 8117 1129 literally [1] - 296 litigated [2] - 14918 14919
live [4] - 1325 13914 1401 1448
lives [1] - 2311 living [8] - 615 1814 3719 424 1438 14310 14312 14514
Liza [6] - 115 514 617 71 87 1113
LIZA [17] - 414 54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
located [1] - 1044 location [4] - 61 4415 4514 7512
K
Kaya [2] - 89 812 keep [3] - 5316 668 978
Kelly [1] - 11911 Ken [1] - 12616 Kendall [1] - 1762 Kenneth [1] - 12615 KENNETH [9] -12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
key [2] - 4513 1139 KeyWord [1] - 36 kidding [1] - 18710 kids [1] - 77 kind [17] - 286 3012 311 4212 594 651 6511 8413 852 891 9211 1027 16317 1725 17417 1789 1924
10
locations [2] - 1510 1023 15717 15718 2717 308 10318 modified [4] - 5517 671 map [1] - 157 MEANS [1] - 19718 1076 1368 15911
long-term [1] - 18517 March [1] - 1132 meant [6] - 568 Merrimack [1] - 1116 1617 look [22] - 513 103 MARILYN [4] - 5613 631 974 meter [2] - 8511 modify [2] - 33 532 242 2417 298 13912 13916 1159 1653 8514 moles [1] - 1342 305 3714 496 13919 14316 measure [9] - 8414 method [1] - 11010 moment [5] - 509 6213 663 6912 Marilyn [2] - 13912 8510 8511 metrics [1] - 1603 533 1348 17016 6918 815 10619 1401 15013 1553 mic [1] - 1802 1814 1174 11810 Marjorie [2] - 1399 15613 16216 microphone [2] - money [2] - 13218 13117 1567 13910 1633 16313 674 677 14117 1748 1754 1755 mark [1] - 492 measured [2] - 852 midsummer [3] - month [2] - 406 18317 Mark [6] - 2311 863 413 1695 1705 1579
looked [4] - 59 196 2315 4310 4415 measurement [1] - might [39] - 272 months [3] - 411 6919 11610 472 4718 874 293 294 295 915 1898
looking [13] - 5712 MARK [15] - 2314 measuring [1] - 297 4218 447 mood [1] - 393 5715 646 779 258 2519 263 15413 4413 482 4814 morning [2] - 242 7713 788 1061 266 279 2714 meat [1] - 15913 5718 606 7114 1195 17414 17415 2814 305 315 mechanical [1] - 499 782 966 993 mortar [1] - 172 17610 17613 3110 3117 329 mechanicals [3] - 996 1007 1032 most [14] - 77 246 1778 1789 491 493 388 389 3810 10317 1052 3710 4713 597
looks [6] - 105 Marks [1] - 451 mechanism [3] - 10512 10518 7711 9110 9111 2016 253 306 market [1] - 1022 6916 823 8813 1063 1079 16215 1654 761 10812 marks [3] - 254 mechanisms [2] - 12314 1348 17113 17114
lots [1] - 189 19514 1966 819 15916 1435 1437 1759 1813 loud [1] - 4511 markups [1] - 1858 Medical [1] - 13310 15818 16217 mostly [1] - 5210 low [1] - 6210 marriage [1] - 1976 meet [1] - 14515 16517 16519 motion [8] - 4913 lower [2] - 6617 masonry [1] - 178 Meeting [1] - 25 1689 17118 4918 5014 5019 1652 Mass [2] - 701 meeting [14] - 47 1779 1867 511 10117
lowering [1] - 14215 14713 413 415 418 18613 1904 10611 1072 lowest [1] - 662 MASSACHUSETTS 2914 6710 mile [1] - 7518 Mount [1] - 1127 Luminaire [1] - 215 [1] - 1972 13116 1696 mind [4] - 4118 mouth [1] - 14414 luminaire [3] - 664 Massachusetts [6] - 1704 1705 1707 7215 835 10617 move [4] - 3011 1795 1799 15 16 1117 1856 1857 mine [1] - 259 4119 6410 676
luminance [6] - 847 1045 1403 1404 18511 minimal [1] - 746 moved [4] - 106 848 8411 8415 match [1] - 1713 meetings [2] - 11113 minimally [1] - 1514 138 5015 1739 855 15610 material [4] - 289 1817 minimum [4] - 211 movement [1] - 272
lux [2] - 8511 8514 1034 1035 1036 materials [2] - 2716
meets [3] - 1913 732
1818 665 13011 minor [2] - 796
moving [1] - 4511 multi [4] - 999
M 415 matter [11] - 102
MEMBER [2] - 1613 673
1654 minute [3] - 111
10313 1578 1579
magic [1] - 116 magnitudes [1] -10411
mail [2] - 1014 1323 main [1] - 17812 maintain [3] - 5610 9516 973
maintenance [1] -5013
Maintenance [1] -216
major [6] - 1103
4314 6115 14019 1421 1422 14417 1572 1976 1977
matters [4] - 4010 6819 916 16814
maximizing [1] -14214
mean [25] - 3410 384 483 7515 8211 832 839 883 9315 963 9613 10415
Member [7] - 18 19 19 110 110 111 111
members [7] - 121 513 7916 908 9013 1237 15511
Members [2] - 42 4917
memo [5] - 7914 7918 19116 1924 1929
memorialize [1] -
1086 1254 minutes [2] - 479 11914
miscellaneous [1] -706
misgivings [1] -14419
missed [1] - 1436 missing [5] - 7711 7715 785 11413 17713
mistaken [1] - 9913 models [1] - 5719
multi-family [1] -10313
multi-month [1] -1579
multi-unit [1] - 999 multi-year [1] - 1578 multiple [2] - 1449 14610
municipal [20] - 687 11917 1453 14615 14616 1478 15018 1541 15419
1104 1201 10614 1261 1149 modern [2] - 14011 15712 1601 13718 14210 12717 13013 memorialized [1] - 17413 16017 16018
Manager [4] - 113 13912 1644 1163 modification [4] - 16212 1692 15115 16310 1654 1717 1726 memorializing [1] - 16719 1683 1701 18717 17119 17914 1809 1277 1688 17018 Municipal [7] - 547
manager [1] - 23 1852 memory [1] - 9913 modifications [4] - 694 8314 1096 manner [3] - 552 means [5] - 8417 mention [1] - 432 5211 5310 1097 11018 6413 1574 8516 12717 mentioned [4] - 16113 1629 1247
manufactured [1] -
11
Murphy [2] - 113 23 MURPHY [1] - 5015 music [2] - 1532 1536
must [6] - 659 951 14416 1467 1727
N
nails [1] - 12011 name [6] - 1115 2312 352 3514 13919 1446
natural [1] - 9713 nature [1] - 295 nay [1] - 1538 near [1] - 4815 nearby [2] - 159 1510
nearly [1] - 7712 necessarily [3] -5610 6417 7518
necessary [1] - 269 need [21] - 2616 327 387 388 3812 3814 3819 411 6314 9012 9016 9319 10414 11713 12415 12913 12915 14618 15713 1861 19310
needed [1] - 15015 needs [6] - 2912 1512 1531 15711 15719 1921
neighbor [6] - 4419 463 6615 6811 788 878
neighbors [1] - 443 neighborhood [11] -67 1514 1519 2319 11116 1121 11612 1193 1321 13314 13316
neighbors [10] - 384 3913 5819 7612 11211 11212 11419 1457 17511
network [1] - 685 never [3] - 1159 12715 1287
new [25] - 211 214 32 49 84 173 2819 5518 5616 5915 634 6313
703 817 828 9215 958 9716 1184 12110 1309 1368 1369
newer [2] - 602 1752
news [2] - 412 1610 newspaper [1] - 1611 Newton [2] - 701 801
Newtons [1] - 6919 next [13] - 410 51 104 1013 112 416 442 5111 6316 6615 7613 11519 1869
next-door [2] - 442 6615
nice [6] - 304 3718 4114 496 4911 11616
nicely [1] - 11519 night [12] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 10117 10412 11617 11619 1206 1337 13314 1344
nightmare [1] - 8219 nobody [3] - 3218 14511 18213
noise [14] - 2717 287 3015 416 4516 4517 4617 498 6912 7112 1409 14210 1432 1532
Non [2] - 27 28 non [44] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 195 3219 333 337 4919 558 5512 569 5611 602 6213 6819 7110 7910 816 9112 9116 922 9212 9216 973 978 979 992 9919 1005 1009 10510 1073 1074 1285 1286 1364 1396 15110 1806 1896
non-conformance [1] - 15110
non-conforming [23] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 7110 7910 816 922
9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1396
non-conformities [2] - 333 9116
non-conformity [9] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 973 978 979 992
non-continuous [2] -1073 1074
non-enforcement [1] - 1896
non-residential [4] -195 4919 6213 1806
Non-Residential [2] -27 28
non-zoning [2] -6819 1005
nonetheless [1] -15814
Norfolk [2] - 56 714 noses [1] - 296 NOT [3] - 19514 1965 19718
Notary [3] - 1967 1975 19714
notations [2] -19514 1966
note [7] - 619 6414 656 657 734 1043 1964
noted [2] - 7413 19617
notes [4] - 14014 1696 17112 1979
nothing [4] - 4611 4614 1454 1708
notice [1] - 1847 notify [1] - 1673 notion [3] - 1552 1694 17016
nowadays [1] - 4518 noxious [1] - 14311 nuisance [2] - 805 11213
nuisances [1] -11218
number [3] - 210 665 1165
numbering [1] - 575 numbers [1] - 2510 NUR [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
Nur [2] - 111 1917
O 8616 8617 9912 1023 1025 1029 1055 1065 1077 1118 11217 1195 1258 12710 12814 1333 14810 14916 1533 1534 1535 15617 1608 1626 16415 1757 17517 1778 18015 1917 19317
ones [1] - 1414 one-story [3] - 1210 1311 1815
onerous [2] - 994 1186
ones [4] - 2018 214 216 11717
ongoing [1] - 808 open [8] - 225 334 3313 3315 342 3511 3715 5218
opening [1] - 958 openings [3] - 2015 2017 1799
opinion [2] - 6013 19317
opossums [1] - 1343 opportunities [1] -6412
opportunity [3] -4010 1674 18210
opposed [2] - 8316 10218
opposites [1] - 1534 opposition [1] - 403 opt [1] - 17310 order [4] - 535 6715 1058 14016
Ordinance [56] - 214 5410 554 556 594 684 695 6915 705 7011 747 7810 7812 791 802 10919 11018 11217 11816 1247 12411 1279 12816 12911 1306 13416 1352 1356 1357 1358 13510 1362 13615 1374 13712 13713 13716 13717 1381
oclock [1] - 475 OGrady [1] - 13119 objections [1] - 1933 observation [1] -15515
observations [1] -1549
observatory [1] -10410
observed [1] - 6015 obviously [7] - 2615 357 3617 484 7719 963 15112
occupancy [1] - 1181 Occupancy [1] -1186
occupied [2] - 1317 186
occupier [1] - 2315 occupy [1] - 502 occur [1] - 2817 occurring [1] - 3014 October [1] - 2319 OF [7] - 12 673 19516 1972 19717 19718 19719
Off-Street [1] - 216 off-street [1] - 17615 offenses [1] - 706 offensive [1] - 17510 offer [3] - 1007 1335 17213
offering [2] - 12410 12412
office [5] - 73 75 989 1406 16616
OFFICIAL [1] - 118 officials [1] - 12213 often [5] - 11712 1182 1605 1746
old [2] - 601 6313 older [1] - 1752 on-line [1] - 1010 once [3] - 1099 11012 1555
one [68] - 418 59 715 127 1210 1311 154 1719 1815 1913 2015 227 2215 267 2812 3214 379 423 459 4716 5315 541 5510 5618 5916 6414 656 6514 6515 7013 7111 723 804 8213 8513
12
13 1393 1407 overreach [1] - 764 711 718 374 9918 1279 person [7] - 2310 14114 1426 overshadow [1] - 422 428 4216 13317 643 6418 835 14417 14518 4815 4312 456 8319 past [3] - 285 445 11814 12614 1462 14611 owe [1] - 19316 8610 8714 8718 6811 1317 14614 1511 own [7] - 2318 8810 8910 path [4] - 4810 personally [4] -1543 1593 5817 593 14215 13017 1311 9319 11417 6813 1501 1527 16612 17718 1556 16813 14314 1539 17117 17513 17814 18412 17311 15318 paved [1] - 2812 personnel [1] -18511 owned [2] - 134 Pamela [2] - 19 43 pay [3] - 9815 1144 15416
ordinance [25] - 1617 paragraph [11] - 1431 persons [1] - 1438 4516 6913 7112 7113 9915 1004 1097 11512 11513 1372
owner [26] - 1118 1315 1317 1412 1418 186 1811 2315 3619 614
1295 12910 13415 1354 1377 1384 16118 1684
PB282 [1] - 27 pending [1] - 1691 people [38] - 3416 372 3714 382
perspective [3] -8017 9115 9116
Petition [25] - 5113 812 11517 1465
1454 14616 649 6415 6418 17113 17114 383 4717 5116 14912 1502 14617 1478 653 742 755 1905 603 6719 7319 1528 15311 15018 1542 7514 804 805 Paragraph [1] - 217 7516 7912 8217 1616 1626 1647 15419 15712 9311 10315 parallel [1] - 17117 993 1027 1041 1667 1697 1601 16018 16213 1692
10317 13016 1756 18210
parameters [2] - 899 1015
1057 10519 11111 1161
17611 17613 17618 17713
18518 18718 Ordinances [6] -5712 597 5919 623 6619 15519
owners [1] - 744 owner-occupied [2] -1317 186
owners [7] - 562
pardon [1] - 249 park [1] - 5819 parking [23] - 92 145 1411 1417
11613 1175 1206 12419 1345 13813 13815 1433
1816 18115 18416 18512 18719 1923 19211 1934
ORIGINAL [1] - 1958 783 10311 1309 1419 151 153 14312 1458 petition [40] - 217 original [10] - 5516 1518 1519 154 155 201 1513 1522 1581 5311 5317 5319 578 5813 764 17517 432 502 659 1669 18014 5516 564 578 9010 1373 1646 1735 1952 1959
ownership [1] - 188 Oxford [1] - 72
6516 661 6612 6616 1049 1746
1863 19114 19119
5813 626 6310 6319 656 6514
originally [5] - 9612 17410 1758 peoples [1] - 3710 8112 821 9010 9918 1372 1502 1529
P 1761 17615 Parking [2] - 29 216
per [3] - 211 192 855
9517 10014 10619 11611
otherwise [3] - 4710 606 1147
ought [3] - 1251 15016 16619
ourselves [2] -18414 18415
outcome [2] - 9710 1977
pm [2] - 14 19319 pack [3] - 417 681 1828
package [2] - 2613 5212
packs [1] - 6810 PADEN [17] - 414
part [20] - 2217 245 6913 6914 9915 10419 10517 13416 14417 1452 1465 14611 14615 16018 1685 16817 16919
percent [2] - 1209 perfect [3] - 7712 12414 15911
perhaps [5] - 613 998 12710 1381 1686
period [2] - 1002 14617
12012 12017 1217 12116 1221 1224 12214 1231 12311 12513 1267 1271 1357 15911 16618 1735 17311
outcomes [1] - 1105 outdoor [14] - 3111 3113 3618 4012 4614 598 10213 10610 13613 1744 17410 17411 17917
54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
Paden [1] - 115
1813 18617 19011
participate [1] - 1441 participated [1] -1101
particular [8] - 818 273 541 5719
permanent [1] - 1067 permeability [1] -415
permeable [1] - 2811 permissible [1] - 210 permission [2] - 445 891
1782 1784 petitioner [2] - 6018 10014
phone [1] - 1093 phonetic [1] - 13911 photo [2] - 2612 895
1807 outgrow [1] - 483 outside [3] - 6513 9811 1474
overall [6] - 1011 5310 553 5514
PAGE [2] - 19516 1969
page [13] - 574 576 585 5917 608 6112 6316 658 1352 17813
646 7512 876 14016
particularly [7] - 67 417 424 12212 14914 15312 16315
Permit [14] - 27 814 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 9214 9215 1172 11713
physical [2] - 6014 1598
picture [1] - 1124 piece [7] - 4412 5618 816 833 1052 12511
5618 6016 overbroad [2] -14913 1505
overhang [2] - 1715 2113
Overlay [1] - 816 overlook [1] - 245 overly [1] - 966
17817 Page [3] - 219 572 1967
pages [1] - 573 pains [1] - 1577 painting [2] - 2610 968
PAMELA [24] - 514 65 611 616 79
parties [3] - 281 7710 1976
parts [1] - 1783 party [4] - 262 759 787 1957
pass [2] - 1235 1276
passed [4] - 915
permit [5] - 210 911 314 941 1016
Permits [1] - 758 permits [1] - 12817 Permitted [1] - 31 permitted [3] - 1001 1068 10615
1332 pieces [1] - 1939 pitch [1] - 8619 pitches [2] - 10815 10817
place [6] - 167 1245 1333 1596 1624 18911
placed [1] - 1111 portion [4] - 2812 primarily [1] - 498 1797 proposing [14] -places [3] - 5717 666 1353 13818 primary [4] - 2910 pronged [2] - 802 1315 141 144 1064 1415 portions [2] - 215 1425 1521 8616 1417 174 179
plan [25] - 1011 1351 16212 proper [2] - 752 1710 1714 183 1719 187 2317 position [1] - 12111 principle [2] - 6017 1096 1261 1262 1687 2417 2418 255 possibility [2] - 2413 1837 properly [1] - 1473 18510 1881
2619 2815 292 17010 principles [1] - properties [9] - 1215 prospective [1] -2912 2916 3011 possible [11] - 5319 15611 1218 1717 782 9113 3111 3113 339 601 6815 9211 privacy [2] - 275 16512 16517 protect [2] - 14216 3910 3915 4111 9717 9718 9911 3617 17416 1794 14815 7015 9813 9815 13011 13012 private [7] - 3319 property [70] - 1319 proved [1] - 823 10517 10518 1416 1437 3618 376 377 142 144 154 provide [7] - 3910 1176 possibly [3] - 5811 3712 3717 3914 156 1813 2017 5418 615 645
planned [4] - 4818 1077 1479 privatization [1] - 2019 2111 223 6412 9211 1909 14110 1447 postpone [1] - 1246 14212 2218 233 241 providing [1] - 155 1708 potentially [2] - 611 pro [1] - 808 245 2419 257 provision [13] - 559
PLANNING [2] - 12 7414 pro-active [1] - 808 258 259 2517 5815 5915 642 1961 power [3] - 1005 problem [19] - 615 261 271 276 704 767 1078
Planning [21] - 47 17117 1892 686 719 7913 277 3317 3510 1298 15517 814 91 919 powerful [1] - 12812 803 8019 1099 443 455 4610 15614 16515 118 5314 5810 practical [3] - 4313 12115 12119 482 489 5014 17019 1721 12016 12219 11710 1854 1221 1223 562 614 6416 provisions [4] - 571 12618 1475 pre [3] - 7012 7110 13015 13210 6418 653 6611 17717 18111 15817 1672 1068 14218 1459 708 724 736 1896 1687 17310 pre-exempt [1] - 15414 1634 742 744 745 provocative [1] -1883 1886 1941 1068 1809 18214 755 7514 783 1314 19512 1964 pre-existing [2] - problematic [1] - 784 804 805 Public [4] - 14510 19616 7012 7110 12215 9311 10312 1967 1975
planning [4] - 303 predicate [1] - 1143 problems [5] - 679 1128 13810 19714 311 446 1844 preempt [1] - 18818 1216 12111 1414 1518 1657 public [17] - 103
plans [6] - 59 3018 preference [2] - 402 1226 1463 1661 1679 118 209 239 7014 1175 1179 12316 procedurally [1] - 17517 1791 5114 5713 5819 1182 premise [1] - 1202 1554 1792 1793 1796 595 6718 9014
plant [1] - 448 premises [1] - 17617 procedure [2] - 1797 17915 1112 12619 plantings [2] - 267 2619
pleased [1] - 304 plighting [1] - 8712 podium [1] - 2312 point [21] - 215 2115 2118 3518 6410 6519 6714 724 8415 8519 867 926 9314 1056 1077 1259 1491 1492 1663 1686 1882
pointed [2] - 895 1108
pointing [2] - 1592 16413
points [3] - 4714 796 1938
police [1] - 1005 policy [2] - 1184 1728
poor [2] - 839 8910 population [2] -1424 14815
porch [1] - 7614 porches [1] - 10611
prepared [1] - 3916 present [3] - 5813 14813 14814
presentation [5] -515 903 12211 14715 15411
presented [1] - 1529 presenting [1] - 521 Preston [2] - 111 44 PRESTON [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
pretty [12] - 6811 9616 12412 15810 15811 15815 15817 16014 16816 16819 17316 1864
prevents [1] - 735 previous [3] - 281 11418 14810
previously [2] -1584 18013
16812 17015 proceed [2] - 3119 527
process [26] - 203 204 207 249 2911 407 645 648 7610 8118 10013 1016 10311 10419 10917 10918 11414 11510 1168 1188 12014 12113 1247 16016 16413 17313
process-wise [1] -10013
produce [1] - 1036 produces [1] - 10217 productive [1] - 1712 professional [4] -868 1573 1611 1844
professionals [1] -11018
profit [1] - 14212 prohibiting [1] -
18118 1826 18210 18213
propertys [1] - 134 proponent [5] - 1617 3312 388 3910 9010
proponents [1] -9612
proposal [18] - 1513 195 2914 3216 338 9012 937 1013 1014 1277 15218 16318 16319 1685 1754 1771 17812
propose [4] - 452 1683 17018 18519
proposed [20] - 221 267 3319 5211 533 539 568 5716 7118 9314 9517 12413 1358 1367 1368 1618 1717 17217 18110 19212
1284 14216 14818
PUBLIC [1] - 26 publish [1] - 1673 pull [1] - 1938 pulling [1] - 1172 Purpose [1] - 7714 purpose [4] - 3411 5419 551 7812
purposes [1] - 275 pursuant [1] - 28 pursue [1] - 688 put [26] - 516 1010 1015 4213 4318 442 4913 5516 5910 681 8710 964 10214 10215 10216 10717 11311 1244 13615 14016 1474 15417 16915 17314 18813 18814
Putnam [7] - 27 119 1119 123 124 125 1215
14
putting [3] - 989 10219 1177
rating [1] - 582 ratio [2] - 665 667 rationale [1] - 523 rats [1] - 1472 re [3] - 5319 14615 1681
re-advertise [1] -1681
re-advertisement [1] -5319
re-craft [1] - 14615 reached [3] - 16716 17215 1874
reaction [2] - 1275 1812
read [8] - 33 748 13918 17716 1781 1785 18211 19616
reading [4] - 692 8514 19512 1964
ready [1] - 4912 real [13] - 74 418 4513 871 10010 11017 11018 11019 11511 11513 15417 15615 16210
reality [1] - 1725 realize [1] - 393 really [56] - 1716 365 366 3719 395 425 4811 587 6110 682 741 774 791 7913 7919 8111 832 857 8619 905 9710 9810 1014 10115 10414 10417 10617 1081 11114 11419 1164 11913 12115 1332 1513 15116 15216 1531 15310 15312 15410 15414 1577 15715 1592 1647 16411 16413 1786 18013 19119 1924 1925 19215 19218
Realty [1] - 72 rear [6] - 176 268 3318 413 4719 4816
reason [12] - 5511
669 1111 1308 1391 14010 14310 1638 1757 18312 19011 1965
REASON [6] - 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614 19615
reasonable [3] -6114 6611 11213
reasonably [1] -9114
reasons [2] - 10317 19513
recap [1] - 18713 RECEIVED [1] -19518
received [1] - 1846 recent [1] - 1742 recently [4] - 77 264 1404 14113
recess [3] - 111 114 519
recessed [1] - 3114 recognized [1] - 151 recollection [2] -9916 1007
recommend [13] -102 688 10413 12310 1266 1276 14612 1494 1502 15612 1616 1884 18913
recommendation [30] - 5112 5214 5215 5217 716 7918 814 8110 9016 9617 10017 12516 12518 1263 1293 15012 15211 15616 16015 16016 1615 16212 1731 1733 1843 18714 18715 18717 18917 18919
recommendations [6] - 10018 1464 1481 15918 17214 1926
recommended [5] -205 652 6516 6918 16113
recommending [4] -965 1528 15219 18018
reconfigure [1] - 93 reconstruction [1] -5416
record [3] - 1934 1957 19618
RECORD [1] - 118 recording [1] - 648 recourse [2] - 614 15719
redirect [1] - 8819 redrafted [1] - 7712 reduce [3] - 501 13010 13015
Reduction [1] - 29 reduction [2] - 144 1919
refer [2] - 11010 11012
Refer [1] - 1967 reference [4] - 7118 1067 1349 15019
referenced [1] -15916
references [1] - 1569 referred [3] - 5115 975 1101
referring [3] - 4914 11718 1774
refers [3] - 1074 11010 1777
reflected [1] - 877 reflecting [1] - 1751 reflection [1] - 217 reflects [1] - 1011 regard [1] - 7212 regarding [1] - 18716 regular [1] - 6710 regulate [1] - 6013 regulated [2] - 6010 6012
regulation [8] - 609 6016 6313 6314 13411 1566 1623 1632
regulations [9] - 505 5617 634 636 659 698 888 945 1562
regulatory [1] -17618
reinventing [1] -1563
relate [2] - 412 247 related [8] - 307 416 1272 1303 1305 15314 15319 1976
relates [4] - 757 759 1599
relating [2] - 509
5011 relative [2] - 226 10015
relief [7] - 1918 4915 806 1136 15715 1581 1909
rely [2] - 5312 16312
remain [2] - 188 1001
remains [2] - 6016 7210
remedy [1] - 14611 remedying [1] -14119
remember [5] - 617 813 97 8113 1646
remind [4] - 473 476 10013 1057
remove [3] - 31 34 176
removed [1] - 454 renovate [1] - 172 renovation [4] - 247 355 4716 10517
renovations [1] -2617
rental [3] - 1813 3318 364
renter [1] - 6419 renting [2] - 139 8218
REP [1] - 1962 repair [1] - 269 repairs [1] - 969 repeatedly [2] -10415 1429
rephrase [1] - 7315 REPLACE [1] -19516
replace [5] - 216 178 11313 11315 13016
replaced [1] - 9711 replacement [3] -601 956 11312
replacing [3] - 1713 923 1138
report [1] - 17119 reported [1] - 1156 Reporter [2] - 1974 19714
REPORTER [1] -19719
REPORTERS [1] -117
represent [1] - 2217 represented [1] -4011
Q
quadrupled [2] -1381 14519
quantify [1] - 12416 questions [17] - 51 2012 2015 2213 246 2410 536 6716 711 9819 1062 1248 1249 1314 15014
queue [1] - 17314 quick [24] - 2012 2014 5619 9819 10011 1089 10810 11016 11510 1545 15412 1553 15616 17514 1767 18010 18019 18314 18513 18514 18519 1869 1881 18819
quickly [2] - 9717 1235
quiet [4] - 4515 4518 466 1413
quite [8] - 2618 4114 4516 496 12417 13616 14011 1495
quoted [1] - 12712
R
rabbits [1] - 1342 raccoons [2] - 13318 radius [2] - 148 778 raised [5] - 5314 6512 13311 1663 18413
raising [2] - 1337 1845
Raising [1] - 512 ramifications [1] -18319
ran [2] - 135 136 range [2] - 622 668 Ranjit [3] - 11615 1199 19214
Ranjits [1] - 14816 rapidly [1] - 1416 rather [9] - 207 405 6011 6710 728 1307 1543 16916 1885
15
representing [1] -1117
REPRODUCTION [1] - 19718
request [8] - 2414 591 643 654 1274 14714 14716 14717
requested [1] - 99 requesting [1] - 1816 require [5] - 5318 9311 961 986 1176
Required [1] - 29 required [6] - 201 271 291 502 1179 14116
required) [1] - 1967 requirement [3] -927 9316 967
requirements [7] -2416 6510 702 7119 7211 986 1569
requires [5] - 9214 1143 1205 15712
research [1] - 917 reservations [1] -15210
residence [5] - 1313 1317 1416 1518 341
Residence [8] -1314 633 638 13614 13813 1774 17918
residential [24] -1812 195 196 4919 501 6212 6213 997 998 1298 12915 1301 1417 1651 1652 1657 1661 16614 1678 17616 1806 1818 18417
Residential [5] - 27 28 28 29 34
resolution [2] -11416 11417
resolved [4] - 6413 7415 1452
resolving [1] - 1192 respectful [2] - 412 18412
respects [2] - 331 334
respond [5] - 524 594 649 6716 12315
responding [1] -12315
Response [1] - 1488 response [5] - 5118 589 1274 14014 1937
Response) [1] - 3213 rest [6] - 608 655 10716 10717 14217 1509
restart [1] - 17312 restaurant [1] - 9810 restrict [1] - 10311 Restrictions [2] - 32 34
restrictions [3] -1154 1155 17818
result [1] - 817 results [1] - 10519 retail [7] - 517 61 62 64 66 69 712
retain [1] - 5310 retaining [1] - 6218 reuse [1] - 175 reuses [1] - 4114 review [4] - 7015 808 9510 16617
reviewed [3] - 918 1095 16512
reviewing [2] - 7015 13418
reviews [1] - 1063 revised [2] - 12318 15211
revision [2] - 58 15011
revisions [3] - 531 13719 15212
rewrite [1] - 1103 rewriting [1] - 1901 rezoning [1] - 818 rhythm [1] - 1339 rightful [1] - 1596 rights [3] - 4613 4615 5014
risk [1] - 1277 ROBERT [1] - 1446 Robert [2] - 1447 15313
Roberts [5] - 5116 529 1823 1937 19315
ROBERTS [31] - 528 6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514
9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
rodent [2] - 1457 1458
Roger [1] - 116 roof [3] - 221 317 1198
roofing [1] - 436 roofs [1] - 3115 rooftop [3] - 387 389 3810
room [4] - 6710 8512 1194 1533
rotted [1] - 302 roughly [1] - 126 round [1] - 1858 routes [1] - 159 rubbish [2] - 1459 14512
Rule [1] - 7910 rule [2] - 197 485 Rules [1] - 547 rules [5] - 569 588 9217 976 14814
run [2] - 1099 1189 runs [1] - 1591 RUSSELL [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693
1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831 1835 1863 1866 18612 18616 18619 1873 18812 18819 18915 1903 1908 1912 1916 1919 1936 19314
Russell [4] - 17 42 1336 14413
section [7] - 7712 7716 7810 1158 11719 14614 1777
Sections [1] - 215 security [1] - 871 see [42] - 68 2317 259 2611 284 2815 3214 359 4812 766 7615 7913 7917 8819 9614 1017 1023 1024 10217 10411 1071 10815 10816 10819 11014 1125 1161 1162 1174 1271 1273 13211 1439 1493 16010 16617 17417 17418 17419 18410 1857 19019
seeing [1] - 1862 seek [1] - 208 seeking [1] - 1919 seem [4] - 913 1554 1558 19010
sell [1] - 1183 semi [3] - 377 3712 3717
semi-private [3] -377 3712 3717
send [6] - 1016 896 11812 1193 18313 19218
sending [1] - 15917 Senior [1] - 15 sense [6] - 355 3918 12513 15013 1718 17216
sensor [1] - 1072 sent [2] - 5212 16115
sentence [2] - 12117 18315
sentences [2] - 7717 15618
sentiment [1] - 903 separate [1] - 694 separation [1] - 6212 September [1] -19711
series [3] - 1211 1618 11611
serious [2] - 13214 1333
seriously [1] - 12914
S
Sacramento [1] - 515 safe [1] - 3317 safety [6] - 591 1112 1113 1332 1335 1423
SAM [1] - 3416 Sam [2] - 353 366 SAME [2] - 353 19718
sat [2] - 11514 11515
saw [2] - 772 16613 scattered [1] - 14014 scenario [1] - 5913 schedule [1] - 477 scheduled [1] - 112 schematic [1] - 2915 School [1] - 13310 science [1] - 15910 scope [11] - 5311 5316 5318 9210 9516 10618 1117 1666 16618 1735 17617
scratch [1] - 16718 screen [2] - 786 792 scrutiny [1] - 1749 Sean [1] - 13118 Seated [1] - 1917 seated [1] - 115 second [10] - 129 183 5016 5017 912 10210 1317 13110 15515 1628
secondly [3] - 909 1049 1292
Section [16] - 28 29 29 32 33 548 7117 7119 7713 831 11816 1355 1681 17816 18410
16
servant [1] - 14818 serve [1] - 16819 serves [1] - 9913 Services [4] - 941 9812 14510 15718
servicing [1] - 488 session [1] - 1888 set [10] - 558 729 7210 8812 11914 1619 16114 16116 1979 19711
setback [2] - 2416 272
sets [1] - 8811 setting [1] - 6618 sever [1] - 14613 several [5] - 121 573 908 10711 14811
shadow [2] - 10217 1036
shall [12] - 209 5411 5413 5414 7119 737 1068 12712 17617 17819 1796
share [2] - 4716 1533
shared [3] - 95 2110 19117
shed [2] - 1197 sheet [4] - 1058 11817 1965 1966
Sheet [4] - 1952 1955 19513 1968
SHEET [3] - 1951 19517 1963
shielded [1] - 894 shielding [1] - 7212 shine [1] - 875 shines [1] - 1389 shining [2] - 859 1035
shirts [1] - 1468 shocking [1] - 1813 shop [1] - 69 short [4] - 114 519 15613 1671
short-term [1] -15613
shortcomings [1] -14419
Shorthand [2] -1974 19714
shorthand [1] -13419
shortly [3] - 106
2618 1463 shot [1] - 1209 shoulder [1] - 4215 show [3] - 9813 9815 1384
showed [3] - 275 10912
shown [4] - 3010 3012 3916 12110
shows [4] - 158 3911 792 12212
shrubs [2] - 481 4812
side [11] - 125 128 1210 1212 1712 1715 2016 3816 437 904 14410
sides [1] - 255 sidetrack [1] - 13519 Sieniewicz [3] - 110 44 1336
SIENIEWICZ [15] -2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
sighted [1] - 13317 sign [4] - 9914 1004 19513
Sign [1] - 1966 SIGNATURE [1] -1951
signed [1] - 1956 SIGNED [1] - 19517 significant [4] -2819 5519 5612 14917
significantly [1] -13015
Signs [1] - 218 signs [2] - 1001 10912
similar [2] - 655 1542
simple [5] - 1119 1537 1631 17110 17111
simplicity [1] - 11110 simply [7] - 3811 8918 14119 1452 14612 18216
Singanayagam [1] -14719
single [4] - 1317 1416 1518 1719
single-family [3] -1317 1416 1518
sit [1] - 1537
site [5] - 109 1817 7015 7113 1155
Sitting [1] - 42 situation [4] - 335 5818 7012 818
situations [1] - 8010 six [6] - 1211 406 479 1131 11819 1288
six-story [1] - 1288 size [3] - 1818 1382 1461
skill [1] - 19710 skin [1] - 14411 skip [1] - 583 skipping [1] - 549 sky [7] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 1043 10412 1337
sleep [1] - 1339 sleeping [1] - 1342 slide [1] - 11418 slipped [1] - 1003 small [7] - 361 578 1054 10812 1165 1518 1519
smaller [3] - 2216 9910 16116
smart [1] - 447 sneak [1] - 11015 so [1] - 698 socialization [1] -14213
sodium [1] - 12813 sole [1] - 19112 Solet [3] - 1317 1319 1428
SOLET [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
Solicitor [2] - 16913 1734
Solicitors [1] -16616
solicitors [1] - 1094 solution [1] - 16213 solve [5] - 685 686 8119 1226 1462
solving [1] - 8316 someone [6] - 4913 7518 8817 9213 987 13818
someplace [1] -16818
sometime [1] - 13515 sometimes [5] - 443 444 5216 6210 11313
somewhat [1] - 1047 somewhere [2] -
8410 17011 sonar [1] - 10215 soon [1] - 413 sooner [1] - 6710 sorry [11] - 2014 574 6712 712 737 1066 1258 1347 13917 17712 1803
sort [26] - 76 2513 605 6017 6318 726 729 774 7716 856 8512 864 8615 9119 946 974 978 11614 13411 13419 14017 1553 16716 16719 18318 1842
sorts [2] - 281 15519
sought [1] - 4915 sound [2] - 5012 1542
sounds [2] - 1864 18811
source [4] - 8415 8513 8517 1307
south [1] - 125 southern [1] - 4813 space [19] - 518 61 64 152 154 225 2517 301 304 334 3313 3315 343 3511 3618 377 4012 4614 495
Space [1] - 27 spaces [6] - 66 1418 156 171 3715 3914
speaker [1] - 15919 speakers [1] - 1349 speaking [2] - 14517 1693
special [6] - 647 1297 1369 13610 1382 1707
Special [11] - 27 813 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 758
specific [8] - 4914 5513 617 648 6910 9518 18510 1884
specifically [4] - 509 5010 824 1933
specified [1] - 9310 specify [4] - 461 598 9310 9518
spend [2] - 10914 1192
spent [2] - 5714 1092
spill [5] - 6613 6614 7213 7216 7819
spilling [3] - 6610 781 7814
spoken [2] - 2718 909
spot [1] - 615 spots [1] - 3115 spread [1] - 858 springs [1] - 1158 Square [1] - 1762 square [7] - 126 192 198 1912 2216 2316 855
SS [1] - 1973 Staff [1] - 115 staff [15] - 5116 5117 713 717 918 11617 11619 12316 14115 14814 1503 1525 16311 16615 18317
staffs [1] - 752 stair [1] - 149 stairs [1] - 3011 stance [1] - 1635 standard [15] - 1914 6114 621 6515 6516 6612 6613 7218 747 7411 863 1255 1393 1395 17418
standards [17] -5312 558 5716 581 587 598 618 622 624 7210 733 869 8812 1437 1471 17413
standing [3] - 773 8216 10818
start [7] - 914 294 3217 521 14910 1563 16718
started [2] - 1131 16413
starting [1] - 17810 starts [4] - 5213 559 573 1753
State [1] - 12711 state [4] - 546 548
17
559 697 statement [1] - 1908 statements [1] -19618
stations [1] - 158 status [5] - 810 922 1365 13610 1397
stay [1] - 477 stenographic [1] -1979
step [2] - 5619 16513
Steve [6] - 3716 423 8912 9017 1576 1592
Steves [3] - 16318 16319 1855
STEVEN [50] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 185 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3217 3717 4015 4110 4117 459 473 8717 885 8912 8914 8917 9019 9219 938 9313 9417 957 9512 963 9818 1017 1347 1547 16715 17015 17116 17211 17712 1781 1786 1811 18311 1851 1895 18914 19016
Steven [4] - 19 110 43 44
still [19] - 697 765 9812 1046 11417 12111 1504 1506 15014 16810 16812 17317 1755 1773 1774 17915 1823 1861
stone [1] - 289 stop [1] - 6715 stopgap [7] - 15013 15412 1553 15613 16713 16811 1691
storage [1] - 345 store [2] - 77 1511 storefront [2] - 1211 1714
stories [1] - 181 story [6] - 1210
1311 1719 183 1815 1288
straight [3] - 6413 1476 1926
straightforward [1] -6013
strain [1] - 1413 straining [1] - 776 strategies [1] - 1623 Street [17] - 216 57 516 72 714 125 1218 2316 2318 1087 12615 12617 1319 13316 1399 13915 1402
street [7] - 1284 14514 17615 1793 1795 17910 17911
stress [1] - 15716 strict [2] - 971 986 strikes [1] - 14418 strobe [1] - 1075 struck [2] - 992 15410
structural [1] - 5416 structure [20] - 1311 1316 1416 1516 1610 1616 175 1710 184 1815 196 198 337 501 5417 5418 925 948 949 18115
Structures [1] - 28 structures [8] - 5411 5512 6014 7111 7911 999 1752 1753
Stuart [2] - 116 1606
stuck [1] - 14812 students [1] - 14219 studied [2] - 9011 study [6] - 1531 1579 1581 1585 16815 16817
stuff [7] - 817 8218 8310 10015 11110 11317 1196
stuffs [1] - 1098 subdivided [1] - 189 subject [2] - 9011 15212
submit [4] - 12016 12516 17311 1887
submitted [3] - 3919
17219 subscribe [1] -19617
subsequently [1] -138
substance [1] -17217
substantial [3] -5415 932 13817
substantially [6] -5419 551 552 6617 9015 9410
substituted [1] -12015
subtle [1] - 10813 suburban [1] - 671 suddenly [2] - 1761 1805
sue [1] - 11212 sued [2] - 11215 11218
suffer [1] - 14217 sufficient [3] - 147 14815 1571
suggest [6] - 11916 11919 12012 1886
suggested [4] -5816 16514 1676 18219
suggestion [6] -5918 613 716 15319 16219 17213
suggestions [2] -5219 15912
suing [1] - 11211 Sullivan [5] - 2311 2315 3916 409 421
SULLIVAN [15] -2314 258 2519 263 266 279 2714 2814 305 315 3110 3117 329 491 493
Sullivans [4] - 376 412 4315 4718
summarized [1] -497
summer [2] - 18511 18514
sun [1] - 4813 sunset [3] - 9918 1095 10910
superintendent [1] -839
Superintendent [1] -983
Superior [1] - 11415 supersede [1] - 728
supersedes [2] -6313 7311
superseding [1] -697
supplied [1] - 19513 support [5] - 12510 12511 1527 1627 1769
supposed [6] -10818 1091 11016 11017 11510 1168
surface [3] - 2811 857 859
surprised [1] - 13211 surprising [1] - 4014 survey [1] - 263 surveyed [2] - 251 257
surveyor [1] - 254 surveyors [1] - 483 suspect [2] - 1415 1431
switch [1] - 1144
17713 18115 1822 18512 18719 1891 1923 19211 1934 19316
Teagues [1] - 1271 tear [2] - 173 175 technical [12] - 8519 862 867 911 912 916 10416 14115 1568 1612 16814 16912
technology [1] -14012
Ted [5] - 15217 15313 1811 18312 1854
Teds [2] - 5017 1699
telescope [1] - 1044 temporary [4] -16216 1633 16313 1719
ten [6] - 111 475 1085 10911 11914 13516
tenant [3] - 1312 4017 10312
tenants [1] - 3816 tenants [11] - 1312 1411 1413 282 343 3417 3419 356 363 4613 1042
tend [2] - 5215 10212
tends [1] - 6211 term [8] - 32 34 1158 14217 15613 17318 18517 1888
terms [9] - 216 217 225 6119 779 846 985 1207 1615
testified [1] - 18014 testimony [9] - 2010 239 6718 6814 1114 13814 19513 1965 1978
text [24] - 32 35 5213 5214 534 568 6113 6116 6218 639 6310 7416 1368 1374 1483 16112 16118 16412 17815 1885 1887
T
table [1] - 4016 tackle [2] - 12218 talks [6] - 5815 6316 1078 17615 17916 18119
tall [2] - 4217 4814 tandem [4] - 1411 1417 1419 432
Taylor [4] - 12615 12616 13111 1325
TAYLOR [9] - 12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
TEAGUE [4] - 1081 1085 1265 12611
Teague [40] - 213 5113 524 10719 1086 11116 11517 12110 1221 1224 1227 12311 1259 1267 1304 1411 14912 1502 15010 1528 15311 1626 1646 16412 1667 1697 17611 17618 17710 17711
18
THE [10] - 12 118 1613 673 19516 19717 19718 19719
themselves [1] -1238
THEODORE [28] -76 87 913 101 1018 5016 712 7214 739 7315 7318 7417 1065 1375 1499 1662 17319 17512 1773 17715 17912 1803 1819 18215 1833 18310 1865 18912
theodore [1] - 18 Theodore [1] - 42 theory [1] - 1169 therefor [2] - 19513 1965
therefore [2] - 1366 1391
thereof [1] - 1956 thesis [1] - 11318 theyve [4] - 99 1010 12317
thinking [4] - 522 10713 14413 1835
thinks [1] - 14813 third [6] - 141 143 1817 202 203 16219
THIS [2] - 19516 19717
thoughtful [1] - 1899 thoughts [1] - 14415 thousands [1] -12715
three [11] - 98 156 1715 187 2113 243 489 999 10410 1254 1622
three-foot [2] - 1715 2113
throughout [2] -12912 1768
throw [2] - 15315 18212
throwing [1] - 1477 Tibbs [2] - 18 115 TIBBS [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371
8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
tied [1] - 593 tieing [1] - 7511 tile [4] - 10214 10216 10217 10218
timekeeper [1] - 474 timing [1] - 107 tiny [1] - 1025 title [1] - 33 TO [2] - 1961 19718 today [4] - 393 9613 11819 13819
together [2] - 441 10713
TOM [15] - 2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
Tom [2] - 110 43 tonight [6] - 403 4119 12317 15213 15912 16210
took [2] - 1124 14413
tools [1] - 15713 top [1] - 216 touch [1] - 9811 touches [1] - 133 towards [2] - 2218 13610
town [3] - 1093 1094 11216
towns [1] - 1094 traffic [1] - 1029 training [1] - 14117 transcript [9] - 82 1935 1959 19514 1964 1966 1967 19616 19617
Transcript [1] - 25 TRANSCRIPT [2] -19516 19718
transcription [1] -1979
transcripts [2] - 84 85
trash [1] - 345 treated [1] - 6915 trees [4] - 483 8712
8715 8716 trespass [4] - 5113 704 707 10414
trial [1] - 1132 tried [1] - 1107 trigger [4] - 926 9314 9316 9510
triggered [1] - 11712 triggers [1] - 1056 trim [1] - 441 trip [1] - 10513 triple [2] - 1216 1217
trivial [1] - 10812 trouble [3] - 431 1104 11412
true [2] - 6417 1979 try [16] - 207 538 5913 5919 676 719 845 875 9210 9515 9717 981 12217 1466 1624 18517
trying [18] - 168 626 8118 822 8316 10015 10019 11014 11210 1218 12914 1385 1413 1492 15812 17519 18010 18012
Tuesday [1] - 13 turkeys [1] - 13318 turn [4] - 674 836 8513 1606
turning [3] - 148 1517 1541
tweak [1] - 12316 two [37] - 1013 1310 1312 1319 1412 1417 159 1719 1812 2011 2014 222 3115 3315 3318 3519 362 4317 4318 743 796 802 8616 10712 10916 1134 1349 1405 14013 1533 1534 1548 15617 16418 1817 18316 1869
two-family [1] - 222 two-pronged [2] -802 8616
two-unit [1] - 3519 type [3] - 9918 1034 1037
types [2] - 9413 9415
typically [2] - 359 4411
U
ultimate [1] - 16213 ultimately [1] - 7218 unable [2] - 1119 1904
unaware [1] - 13412 unclear [1] - 8212 uncomfortable [4] -776 17513 1764 18017
unconcern [1] -13210
under [30] - 188 296 3011 462 4613 4616 6111 664 6619 696 719 7216 7410 764 9118 1003 1005 1127 11212 11218 11914 1209 1353 1367 1501 15110 16910 17617 17710 1847
UNDER [1] - 19718 undergoing [1] - 104 underlying [1] - 1351 underneath [1] -1354
undersigned [1] -1974
understood [1] -1293
underutilized [1] -1517
unenforceable [1] -1638
unfortunately [1] -1119
uninstalled [1] -8814
unintended [2] -5811 1841
unit [19] - 142 143 1817 192 1913 203 228 2210 309 3016 3314 3519 364 3616 417 853 8613 8614 999
Unit [1] - 211 units [15] - 210 210 1310 1319 187 1812 1817 199
1912 227 317 3318 359 3510 503
University [2] - 104 109
unless [3] - 9912 1004 12112
UNLESS [1] - 19718 unnecessarily [1] -7819
unreasonable [1] -6613
unreasonably [1] -1517
unusual [1] - 2414 up [53] - 66 713 1010 226 3015 3814 4318 537 541 5713 5718 6217 6511 674 681 727 786 7814 7919 8513 865 8615 8710 8814 924 9217 995 10011 10214 1051 10715 11311 11316 12113 13018 1311 13314 1384 14315 15114 15418 1556 1558 15917 1645 16513 17012 17111 18012 18016 1915 1929
Update [1] - 23 update [2] - 49 1017 updates [2] - 1015 1016
upset [1] - 11114 urban [1] - 3719 urgent [1] - 14019 users [2] - 3411 14214
uses [11] - 1811 5411 5513 5518 7110 7115 8613 997 1009 10415 1408
utilities [1] - 1047 utilize [1] - 9216
V
vague [1] - 19216 valet [1] - 91 valiant [1] - 1218 valid [2] - 911 8312 valuable [1] - 19218
19
van [3] - 11515 1702 1914
VAN [5] - 1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
vapor [1] - 12813 variance [1] - 208 Variance [2] - 204 11910
variety [1] - 618 various [2] - 416 16310
verge [1] - 1814 verify [2] - 6019 897 versed [1] - 699 version [4] - 12013 12214 1696 17112
versions [1] - 17811 versus [4] - 7612 8117 827 1113
vertically [1] - 864 Vice [1] - 18 victim [1] - 6810 Victorian [2] - 127 139
view [3] - 2818 4910 7310
views [1] - 16110 violation [14] - 745 767 11412 1278 12815 13113 13118 1321 13410 13518 1361 1362 13611 14915
violations [6] - 1165 12715 12818 1327 13217 1449
violators [1] - 13212 visible [1] - 1116 visually [1] - 6019 volume [5] - 184 674 19512 19514 1966
vote [2] - 401 1814 voting [3] - 4118 513 15311
1534 1535 1536 1758 18814
wash [1] - 857 wattage [2] - 8412 13010
watts [1] - 842 ways [5] - 214 5513 15816 16319 17113
wear [1] - 1469 week [2] - 510 1016 weeks [5] - 1013 406 11819 13317 1869
weighing [2] - 14619 1472
weight [1] - 1689 weird [1] - 853 Wellens [3] - 13911 13913 1401
WELLENS [4] -13912 13916 13919 14316
whatevers [1] -10716
whatsoever [2] -1455 17516
wheel [2] - 1564 WHEN [1] - 19517 WHEREOF [1] -19711
whole [9] - 305 467 769 9111 1122 11315 1167 11912 1305
wholeheartedly [2] -8014 1576
width [3] - 4314 4316 458
wife [2] - 2317 13619
wildlife [2] - 13312 William [2] - 18 115 WILLIAM [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371 8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
WILLIAMS [4] - 3513 3517 3610 3614
Williams [2] - 3514 1399
wind [1] - 14314
window [8] - 1713 2017 284 5911 952 956 958 1798
windows [1] - 383 WINTER [19] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3717 4015 4110 4117 473 8914 8917
Winter [2] - 19 43 WINTERS [25] - 514 65 611 616 79 711 718 374 422 428 4216 4312 456 8319 8610 8714 8718 8810 8910 13017 1311 14314 1446 1539 15318
winters [1] - 15511 Winters [4] - 19 43 1447 15313
wipe [1] - 1117 wise [1] - 10013 wish [4] - 3212 13910 1445 1486
wished [1] - 9612 wishes [1] - 532 wisteria [1] - 442 WITH [1] - 19516 withdrawing [1] -12513
withstanding [1] -1595
WITNESS [1] - 19711 wonder [3] - 292 3019 14416
wonderful [1] - 4111 wondering [5] - 810 2618 10116 1666 16715
wood [3] - 301 346 348
wooden [1] - 2611 word [1] - 10614 words [2] - 14414 1838
works [3] - 9114 11115 15816
Works [1] - 14511 world [3] - 468 1044 1897
worried [1] - 1519 worries [1] - 14511 worth [2] - 6518 772 write [6] - 10015
10513 1225 15518 1561 1929
write-up [1] - 1929 writing [4] - 10019 1247 1323 13918
written [19] - 362 5118 555 723 747 757 768 929 937 9515 1217 1224 1373 13712 13714 13718 1567 18719 19217
wrote [2] - 1153 1163
wwwreportersinc com [1] - 119
Y
yard [12] - 1410 245 2418 2716 291 3318 3519 363 3615 3616 415 8712
yards [2] - 3710 3816
year [4] - 98 8711 1405 1578
years [12] - 98 2319 251 10911 10916 1134 12819 13516 1405 14013 15814 1895
yellow [1] - 1058 yourself [1] - 914
Z
Zelinski [2] - 1974 19713
zero [1] - 12010 Zipcar [1] - 1510 Zone [2] - 14313 1448
zones [7] - 625 12915 12917 1301 1438 1439 14311
Zoning [109] - 24 213 52 55 818 4013 505 534 546 547 5410 5413 554 556 588 5912 5914 6219 642 643 6411 6417 684
6816 695 6914 6915 702 7016 719 7113 758 774 812 822 8314 866 8816 904 945 947 9416 9510 9518 962 972 9916 1052 1054 10512 10514 1061 1098 11118 11217 1164 11816 12411 12511 1278 12719 12815 1296 12911 1306 13419 1356 1369 1407 14113 1426 14417 1454 14518 1462 1465 14611 14614 14710 14918 1501 1509 15019 1543 1552 1555 15519 15615 15810 15817 15818 1597 15914 1616 1617 16112 16117 16118 1649 1659 1687 17718 17813 18011 18510 1884
zoning [2] - 6819 1005
W
wait [1] - 1897 waiting [1] - 15019 walk [1] - 885 walking [1] - 1511 walkways [1] - 17411 wall [5] - 262 681 6810 851 1828
wants [6] - 492
20
7
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Liza
that used to be the Oxford Street Realty
office right
LIZA PADEN Yes real estate and
insurance office Thank you
H THEODORE COHEN Its been sort
of a kids clothing store most recently I
think
PAMELA WINTERS Right
LIZA PADEN Right Thank you
PAMELA WINTERS Well I would just
like to encourage retail you know that
being filled up so thats it
And well be getting the Norfolk Street
one later
LIZA PADEN August 6th its going
to come back to you
PAMELA WINTERS Okay thank you
LIZA PADEN Thats it
8
HUGH RUSSELL Thats it
Is there a transcript
LIZA PADEN And were working
through the transcripts So theres no new
transcripts yet
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
H THEODORE COHEN Liza can I ask
a question There was an article in the
Cambridge Chronicle about the Kaya Ka Hotel
I was wondering if you knew what the status
of that was
LIZA PADEN So the Kaya Ka Hotel I
dont remember exactly when the Special
Permit was granted by the Planning Board but
theres been a Special Permit for the use and
some dimensional changes in the Overlay
District which were the result of the
rezoning for that particular Zoning District
And then they came back for an amendment to
9
the Planning Board to address the valet
parking arrangement that they wanted to have
in the basement and they had to reconfigure
the driveway because their desire to have a
shared driveway with the abutter it fell
through So that Special Permit I dont
know if you remember but at the end of the
year for the last three years I believe
theyve come in and theyve requested an
extension of the Special Permit So thats a
valid permit and its -- the expiration date
is now December of 2013
H THEODORE COHEN And the article
indicated they were about to start
construction
LIZA PADEN Right We have not
seen the construction drawings yet and we
havent reviewed them for the conditions of
the Planning Board Special Permit
10
H THEODORE COHEN And on another
matter I recommend to all my colleagues and
all the public to take a look at the church
next to Lesley University which is undergoing
a lot of activity and it looks like its
about to be moved shortly
Do you have any timing on that
LIZA PADEN No But Lesley
University has an extensive construction site
that theyve put up on-line and they have an
overall construction plan that covers the
entire duration of the construction and then
they have the next two weeks in action So
theres also an e-mail list that you can
access there and get put on updates of when
they send out the updates every week youll
get an update
H THEODORE COHEN Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL I guess well take a
11
ten or an eight minute recess until 720 for
our next scheduled business
LIZA PADEN Right
(A short recess was taken)
(William Tibbs seated)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay the magic hour
has arrived It is now 720 and we can go on
to our 720 public hearing Planning Board
case 282 533 Putnam Avenue
GREGORY COLLING Hi Would it be
better if I placed the boards facing the
audience I didnt bring an easel with me
HUGH RUSSELL Liza will assist you
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
My name is Greg Colling Im an
architect with Merrimack Design based in
Amesbury Massachusetts and Im representing
Lianne Bensley Shes the owner of 533
Putnam Avenue Shes unfortunately unable to
12
attend this evening but several members of
her family are here on her behalf
So 533 Putnam Avenue is on -- well
Putnam Avenue between Brookline and Acorn
Street Its on the south side of Putnam
Avenue Its roughly a 5000 square foot
lot It has a Victorian half house on one
side Its a half a house Its built in
1869 Its a second empire house And then
on the left side of the lot is a one-story
storefront building that has a series of six
garage bays on the back side of it that have
been added That was built initially in
1922
The abutting properties are 539 Putnam
Avenue Its a triple decker Its a green
triple decker on the left And then the
other abutting properties are on Acorn Street
which is behind the half house
13
LIZA PADEN This is Acorn
GREGORY COLLING And its also --
the corner touches 285 Brookline The
propertys been owned by Li Bensley since
1996 Her husband whos now deceased ran a
construction business with Li and they ran
that business there until 2004 And she
subsequently moved out of Cambridge and has
been renting the Victorian house The half
house is actually two dwelling units And
then the one-story accessory structure is --
has two tenants and it has a business tenant
Its a non-conforming use The residence is
in a Residence C District
So the owner is proposing to convert
the non-conforming accessory structure into a
single-family owner-occupied residence which
is non-conforming Its because there are
two units already on the property So this
14
would be a -- were proposing to add a third
unit on the property
And in addition to adding a third unit
on the property were proposing a reduction
in parking Currently there is a driveway a
12-foot driveway that goes from the front of
the lot to the back There isnt sufficient
turning radius to enter the garage bays
because of an egress stair and a deck that
was built in the yard so currently its used
as tandem parking for the business tenants
According to the owner the two apartment
tenants do not use the driveway at all
So were hoping to -- that youll
allow us to convert this non-conforming
structure into a single-family residence
Were proposing to have two tandem parking
spaces for the use of the owner which I
understand that tandem parking isnt allowed
15
or its not recognized as a legal parking
space So it would be in effect were
continuing the same amount of parking which
is one legal parking space on that property
In addition were providing bicycle parking
on the property for three bicycle spaces
And there is also -- theres a map that weve
brought that shows the bus stations that are
nearby There are two bus routes that are
nearby and also Zipcar locations and theres
a grocery store thats within walking
distance
So we feel that our proposal will
minimally impact the neighborhood We feel
that taking a non-conforming accessory
structure thats deteriorated and
underutilized and turning that into a
single-family residence will be an
enhancement to the neighborhood and to the
16
community
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
STEVEN WINTER May I ask a
question
I want to make sure that I know which
building which place youre talking about
and Im just trying to get my head around
what it is and where it is Is this the
structure that used to be a news distribution
-- newspaper distribution back in the day
Does anybody know that
MEMBER FROM THE AUDIENCE Yes
STEVEN WINTER So I know what that
is now So the only work that were talking
about doing is not to the larger structure
which is owned by the proponent but the work
is on that series of --
GREGORY COLLING Correct
17
STEVEN WINTER -- spaces And is
it to renovate existing bricks and mortar or
is it to tear down and build new
GREGORY COLLING Were proposing to
reuse the existing structure and not tear it
down We do have to remove -- in the rear
corner the deterioration is such that we have
to replace the masonry in the back of the
building But were proposing to work within
the existing structure Were not proposing
any changes to the front of the bidding other
than taking out a door on the side and
replacing that with a window to match the
storefront And we are proposing a
three-foot overhang on the driveway side
which is invisible really to any any
adjacent properties as a covered entry
STEVEN WINTER And is this is the
plan then for one single story not two
18
stories
GREGORY COLLING Correct Were
not proposing a second story Were working
with then the existing volume structure
STEVEN COHEN In your application
you describe this as being an owner-occupied
Is that the plan that the three units will
remain under common ownership Its not
being you know the lots being subdivided
or condoized or --
GREGORY COLLING No the owner uses
the other two existing residential units on
the property for rental income and then she
will continue that and she will be living in
the one-story accessory structure
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre requesting a
third unit on the site but also all the units
will be less than the minimum area size is
that correct
19
GREGORY COLLING Right theyre
less than 1800 square feet per unit Right
WILLIAM TIBBS Okay
HUGH RUSSELL This is a 528
proposal on a conversion of a non-residential
structure for residential use so its looked
at differently There the rule is that you
can divide the structure into 1100 square
foot units
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL And the actual gross
area is for 300 units -- 320 square feet is
going to be one unit so it meets that
standard
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
(Ahmed Nur Seated)
HUGH RUSSELL So the relief youre
seeking is a conversion reduction of the
20
required parking and 5822 and thats
(inaudible) The third thing is the getting
the third unit by Special Permit process not
by a Variance process
GREGORY COLLING It was recommended
by the Building Inspector that I go through
the Special Permit process rather than try to
seek a variance
HUGH RUSSELL Shall we go to public
testimony
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have two
quick questions
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
TOM SIENIEWICZ Sorry two quick
questions One the openings on the it
would be looks like the east side of the
property the window openings those are
existing the ones that are close to the
property
21
GREGORY COLLING Correct
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay And then can
you just --
STEVEN WINTER Which ones are
these Could you point that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ The ones at the top
of the drawing
STEVEN WINTER Yes okay Thank
you
LIZA PADEN This is the shared
property line
TOM SIENIEWICZ And then the
extension of the three-foot overhang on the
-- over the door is --
GREGORY COLLING Want me to point
that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ If you could just
point that out
GREGORY COLLING Yeah that
22
proposed cantilever roof is right here This
is the existing two-family house thats on
the property
TOM SIENIEWICZ Yes
And so then in terms of the open space
how does that divide up relative to the
units on the -- is it assigned to one of
every unit
GREGORY COLLING Its assigned to
this unit
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Are there any other
questions
STEVEN WINTER Actually I do
Mr Chair just one more
The smaller dark square does that
represent a part of the buildings on the
property Its down towards the bottom
LIZA PADEN This
23
STEVEN WINTER Yes that
GREGORY COLLING Thats an abutting
property Thats 186
STEVEN WINTER Thats not what
were talking about
GREGORY COLLING Correct
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Okay so were going
to go to public testimony And by
coincidence the first person to speak is
Mark Sullivan who lives at (Inaudible) Go
to the podium and give your name and your
address
MARK SULLIVAN Good evening Im
Mark Sullivan the owner and occupier of 6
and 8 Acorn Street which is the black square
on the plan that we see there My wife Ann
and I own 6 and 8 Acorn Street Weve -- in
October will be 29 years in the neighborhood
24
That property is very familiar to me We
look out every morning as I make coffee and
all of our -- all three the bedrooms in the
house are very very closely directly
overlook the yard part of the property And
thats thats where most of my questions
relate to for this renovation And this is
the first time Ive been involved in such a
process so Im -- pardon me if Im not asking
the right questions whatever they may be
I guess -- so theres a couple of
things that Im interested to know about if
theres a possibility given this building is
unusual and theres a request for a you
know a different approach if in that case
any setback requirements are different
Because if we if we look on the plan the
yard plan that hedge that is close to my
house -- I dont think that property line has
25
been surveyed in the 29 years that Ive been
there And it just seems to me that -- and
if Im correct it almost looks like theres
some surveyor marks on some of the other
sides of the plan
GREGORY COLLING We had the
property surveyed
MARK SULLIVAN The property between
Liannes property and mine I didnt see
numbers here
GREGORY COLLING I believe it was
HUGH RUSSELL With the Boards
indulgence I think we can allow this sort of
dialogue
TOM SIENIEWICZ Thats fine
GREGORY COLLING This is your
property right here and you have space behind
your house
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
26
GREGORY COLLING The property line
is right against the party wall
MARK SULLIVAN Okay so that survey
was done recently
GREGORY COLLING Right
MARK SULLIVAN So with the
plantings that are proposed the -- one of my
concerns is being able to access the rear of
my house for necessary repair you know
painting etcetera etcetera Currently its
a wooden deck which you can see in I think
its your photo 10 that you have in the
package which will also give you an idea of
how close we are in this little enclave So
my concern is obviously not wanting to cause
any damage to that if -- and I do need to do
some renovations to the exterior of my house
quite shortly So again Im wondering if
the plan is to bring those plantings right to
27
the property line or whatever required you
know inward movement or setback might be in
this particular case
GREGORY COLLING Well I think we
showed for privacy purposes we showed a
hedge thats on thats against the property
line It wouldnt extend over your property
but its on -- against that boundary
MARK SULLIVAN Right And how high
does that going to be
GREGORY COLLING We havent
determined that yet but Im sure thats
something we can work out with Li
MARK SULLIVAN The other thing I
just wanted to call to attention is going to
be the use of the yard and the materials
used I mentioned some concern about noise
Ive spoken to Lianne you know certainly I
certainly dont think shes going to be
28
having the sorts of parties that previous
tenants have had Weve also have had a
break-in on our first floor which is why you
see grates on the window But you know
those were past days But because of the
way you know the buildings kind of create
this amplified almost noise effect Im
just -- Lianne said that theres going to be
maybe a crushed stone material used
GREGORY COLLING Yeah there will
be permeable surface back there and theres
one paved portion of the area thats closer
to the building
MARK SULLIVAN And then something
also I dont see in the plan I guess the
language thats used is the work will be --
will occur entirely within the footprint of
the building But in my view theres going
to be significant demolition and new
29
construction required in that yard area So
I wonder you know if theres a plan on how
long thats going to -- when that might
start How long that might go on What the
nature of that work might be Again thats
its literally right under our noses so I
would just like to understand what that might
look like
GREGORY COLLING Well again our
primary focus has been to get through the
Special Permit process and we developed a
plan Theres more work that needs to be
done to develop the landscape but we have a
proposal here that we brought to this meeting
and thats you know basically a schematic
plan for what we intend to do And Im sure
that you know we have we can work with you
if you have an issue with the hedge but I
think were again were improving the
30
space Were taking out that wood deck
thats rotted thats with the garbage cans
back there And were planning on creating a
nice space that I think youll be pleased
MARK SULLIVAN It will look a whole
lot better than it looks currently And
again the -- and so the other related issue
when I spoke with Lianne and I mentioned this
to you that this air conditioning unit
thats shown in the exterior that she did
say her plan is to move it under the stairs
but since that is not shown in this kind of
drawing you know I would have a great
interest in that occurring because of the
you know the noise that comes right up from
that fairly large unit and we hear it we
certainly hear it in our house And its
great that she says that she plans to do
that But I just wonder how that would be
31
kind of confirmed through the planning and
the iteration
HUGH RUSSELL We can do that We
can make that a condition of a permit
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
Will there be any air conditioning
units on the roof
GREGORY COLLING Not to my
knowledge
MARK SULLIVAN And is there any
outdoor lighting plan
GREGORY COLLING We havent
developed an outdoor lighting plan other than
to have recessed lights at the cantilevered
roofs Just two little spots that light and
demarcate the entrance to the building
MARK SULLIVAN Uh-huh
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh youve asked
our indulgence but I think we should proceed
32
on
HUGH RUSSELL Continue on
WILLIAM TIBBS And the conversation
youre having you can continue to have
and --
STEVEN WINTER And you should
WILLIAM TIBBS -- but we need to
get back on this
MARK SULLIVAN Great thank you
very much
HUGH RUSSELL Okay Does anyone
else wish to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I see no one
wanting to speak So now we will discuss
this proposal
STEVEN COHEN Well Ill start if
nobody else will Its currently a
non-conforming use a non-conforming
33
dimensionally in many respects And with the
changes I dont think any of the
non-conformities are being exacerbated In
many respects from the use to the open space
that the situation is being improved in
almost every aspect I think its a great
way to use this non-conforming structure and
I think its a great idea great proposal
and a great plan for this lot
HUGH RUSSELL Bill
WILLIAM TIBBS I guess I have a
question for the proponent You said that
the -- all the open space was going to be
used by the converted unit and so theres no
open space available for the existing two
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
Theres safe access on to the property for
the two rental units but the rear yard will
be private and dedicated to the proposed
34
residence
WILLIAM TIBBS And how is the open
space being used currently by those tenants
GREGORY COLLING It isnt Its
basically a trash storage area
WILLIAM TIBBS What about the wood
deck
GREGORY COLLING And the wood deck
to my knowledge I havent seen it used
WILLIAM TIBBS I mean what was its
purpose What were the users of the deck
Was it a commercial --
GREGORY COLLING Im not sure
WILLIAM TIBBS Was it commercial
use
SAM BENSLEY People would go out
there and have a drink and tenants in the
building
WILLIAM TIBBS The tenants --
35
HUGH RUSSELL Could you give us
your name please
SAME BENSLEY Sam Bensley
WILLIAM TIBBS Other than for me
the idea of the renovation makes sense Not
allowing the tenants who even though they
may not have used it that deck obviously was
there for their use to -- when you have we
typically like to see if there are units on
the property that all of the units there have
some benefit from the open space
GREGORY COLLING Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS Actually can I say
something My name is Chris Williams Im
Ms Bensleys brother
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS And I think I can
point out a couple of things Firs it that
there is a front yard to the two-unit
36
building Its very small And the leases
that weve written for both of the two
tenants do not include the yard at all They
only include the rental unit itself So
they dont even really have access to the
backyard They havent really used it as Sam
said And they dont use it now
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre saying that
the existing leases --
CHRIS WILLIAMS The existing leases
do not --
WILLIAM TIBBS -- theyre not
allowed to use --
CHRIS WILLIAMS They dont allow
them to use the yard The only lease is to
the actual unit itself and not to the yard
GREGORY COLLING Obviously privacy
having a private outdoor space is important
to the owner
37
WILLIAM TIBBS Its also important
to other people too
GREGORY COLLING Right
PAMELA WINTERS Yes
HUGH RUSSELL Its not completely
private because of Mr Sullivans house So
its a you know a semi-private space
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL One that I would
characterize most peoples yards in
Cambridge
GREGORY COLLING Semi-private
HUGH RUSSELL Yes You may control
who comes into it but many people look at
the open spaces
Steve
STEVEN WINTER The semi-private
concept is very nice I like that And it
really is living in a dense urban
38
environment Believe me theres going to be
interaction and contact between the people in
the windows and the people on the ground I
mean theres -- theyre neighbors and thats
going to happen so we want to make it the
best experience for all of them
I need clarification on the rooftop
mechanicals So I need for the proponent to
say clearly there are no rooftop mechanicals
or there are rooftop mechanicals and this is
what they are So thats simply something
that we need clarification on
And I -- I -- just because it was
brought up I think that we are going to need
clarification on the existing lease defining
the tenants access to the side yards Now
Im not sure what I would say if it didnt
say that but I think as long as its been
brought forward we just need to confirm
39
that I feel And if my colleagues feel
differently you know just tell me and I
realize Im being in a bad mood today or
whatever it is we can do that
And I think the lighting is also really
important to us And weve got a lot of
folks in the city who are concerned about the
lighting
Mr Chair is there a -- theres a
lighting plan that the proponent can provide
us right that shows where the lights are
and what directions they go that would assure
us and the neighbors that the lighting will
not interfere with their private spaces
HUGH RUSSELL Such a plan could be
prepared and shown to Mr Sullivan and it
could you know discuss it and come to an
understanding of what made sense and it can
be submitted to us or submitted as a
40
condition you know of the vote I think my
preference is since I dont hear you know
much opposition tonight there are details to
be worked out but the concept seems to be
acceptable So Id rather not you know
delay our approval by a month or six weeks
but Id like to have a process to make sure
that the details are worked out that
Mr Sullivan has consulted and has an
opportunity to discuss his matters with his
abutter And I think whats been represented
to us is that the outdoor space is more
diametric than the Zoning of the building and
its not surprising that we would do that
STEVEN WINTER Okay let me then --
let me take off the table confirming that the
leases -- to the tenant leases define whether
they can or cannot I think Im okay with
that And I concur Mr Chair with what you
41
had said but I do believe that we need to be
respectful of Mr Sullivans areas of
interest which are accessing the rear of his
house the height of the hedges the use of
the yard materials and its permeability that
are next to him and noise related
particularly the air conditioning unit I
think those are real concerns
GREGORY COLLING Sure
STEVEN WINTER I also agree this is
a great plan Its a wonderful use Its a
family that you know has been in Cambridge
for a long time and I think its -- and it
reuses a building in quite a nice way I
congratulate you on the design
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
STEVEN WINTER So yes I concur
And I wouldnt mind voting it appropriately
tonight to move it forward but I do want to
42
make sure that Mr Sullivan is taken care of
PAMELA WINTERS Could I just say
one thing I concur with what Steve just
said and particularly living so close to the
air conditioning that could be really
bothersome
GREGORY COLLING I understand
PAMELA WINTERS Yes And also the
height of the hedge just because Ive gone
through this myself you know this issue
myself You know do you have any idea as to
what kind of hedging or height you want to
put in there
GREGORY COLLING It would probably
be a hue thats shoulder height
PAMELA WINTERS Hues are great
And hues grow to be eight feet tall and
theyre inexpensive So that might be a good
choice
43
And I dont have any trouble with the
tandem parking so I just wanted to mention
that too
And also I think its important for the
abutter to get into you know if he has to
have some roofing done or something done on
the side of his house its important for him
to get into that little area
GREGORY COLLING Im sure that Li
would be amenable to working with Mark on
that
PAMELA WINTERS Great Okay
HUGH RUSSELL Its a practical
matter if its only the width between
Mr Sullivans house and the hedge it
appears to me the width of a kitchen counter
So its about two feet You cant actually
put a ladder up against the house in two
feet so theyre going to have to work
44
together And you know when I trim my
wisteria I put my ladder on my next-door
neighbors property and you know sometimes
I ask her and sometimes I assume the
permission thats been granted in the past
carries over You know if hes planning to
do some work it might be smart to maybe not
plant the hedge until the work is done if
that you know if that can be worked out as
an arrangement
GREGORY COLLING Well typically
the landscape work is the last piece thats
done so that might be something that we can
work out I think -- I wasnt aware that
Mark had a concern about the location of the
condenser and were certainly more than happy
to work with him and address any of his
concerns And Im sure Li you know shes a
great neighbor and I think that shed be more
45
than happy to address any of Marks concerns
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I propose that
we attach a condition that the air
conditioner be you know removed at some
distance from the property line
PAMELA WINTERS I agree
HUGH RUSSELL A distance maybe
being a width of the L on the half house
STEVEN COHEN If I could add one
comment about that condenser Frankly if
its a loud condenser moving it even that
distance isnt going to make an enormous
amount of difference I think the real key
to the condenser is not as much the location
but getting a quiet condenser And Im not
quite sure what the Cambridge noise ordinance
says about the noise level of condenser but
theyre available extremely quiet nowadays
and I dont know that its within our
46
jurisdiction to actually specify the decibel
level here But I think under the
circumstances and just being a good neighbor
with a fellow whos already expressed a
concern about it I think you would be well
advised to find an extremely quiet condenser
They cost a few bucks more but not a whole
lot more and it would make a world of
difference
As for the property line it is what it
is It is where it is Theres nothing we
can do to change that And frankly if the
tenants under the leases have rights to
outdoor space theres nothing that we can do
here to in any way compromise their rights
under those leases But maybe we can
encourage to do something about the noise
from the condenser
GREGORY COLLING I think thats
47
something thats -- that we certainly can
work with Mark on
STEVEN WINTER May I remind the
Chair just to be a timekeeper we are at
eight oclock We are at ten till eight and
just to remind the Chair that we are working
hard to stay on the schedule
HUGH RUSSELL So we can dilly
dally around for six minutes because
otherwise well have to take another break
But Ahmed did you want to say
something
AHMED NUR Okay I think most of
the points have been covered by my colleagues
definitely for the approval of this
renovation One concern that I share with --
and I think a lot of people said the same
thing but Im concerned with Mark Sullivans
case The rear of the house Im assuming
48
the shrubs the houses are too close So
wherever the property line might be for the
surveyors I mean trees outgrow and you dont
want to cover (inaudible) And obviously by
rule hes going to come down to chop it
Its his right to do that
GREGORY COLLING Right Theres an
access alley for servicing the facade of that
house on the property Theres about a three
foot path against the house
AHMED NUR And also I cant really
see whether that facade where the shrubs are
where the east or southern sun and if its
going to be eight foot tall it might block or
overshadow his kitchen or whatever it is near
the rear of the house
GREGORY COLLING I dont think the
hedge was planned to be eight feet
AHMED NUR Okay
49
MARK SULLIVAN May I speak
AHMED NUR Mark wants to speak
MARK SULLIVAN Just to make a
comment clear Im not interested in an eight
foot hedge either because I think the space
will look quite nice And as you folks have
summarized you know our concerns are
primarily noise some of which we can easily
work out with Lianne and some is mechanical
To be able to borrow an improved view would
be nice
HUGH RUSSELL Ready to act on this
Would someone like to put forward the motion
referring to the application for the specific
relief sought
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair Id like
to -- and fellow Board Members Id like to
make a motion that the application for a
Special Permit to convert a non-residential
50
structure to residential use to reduce the
amount of required parking and to occupy the
lot with more dwelling units than would be
allowed dimensionally The conventional C
Zoning District dimensional regulations be
allowed based on the findings of this Board
and also on conditions as discussed by this
Board Im not sure what they are at the
moment specifically but relating
specifically to conversations that he will
have with his immediate abutter relating to
concerns about lighting and sound and
landscaping details And maintenance access
rights over the property Thats the motion
BRIAN MURPHY So moved
H THEODORE COHEN Second
HUGH RUSSELL I heard Teds second
first
Is there discussion on the motion
51
All those in favor of the motion
(Raising hands)
HUGH RUSSELL All members voting in
favor And thats it
Thank you for a very clear presentation
and a great architectural job
GREGORY COLLING Thank you very
much
(A short recess was taken)
HUGH RUSSELL All right we can
begin now on the next item on the agenda
which is a discussion of a recommendation on
the Teague Petition on light trespass And
we had a public hearing and before we made
comments those comments were referred to the
staff And Jeff Roberts and other people on
the staff have thought about those and come
back with a written response to what we
brought to them So I think what wed like
52
to do is start with Jeff presenting the work
that hes done and the thinking and the
rationale behind it Then well ask
Mr Teague to respond to that and then we
will decide what were going to say to the
Council
So please proceed
JEFF ROBERTS Thank you Mr Chair
Jeff Roberts CDD
I just wanted to briefly go over mostly
just the proposed modifications which are in
the package that we sent to the Board It
starts following the text of the draft
recommendation On the text of the draft
recommendation itself is as we tend to do
sometimes we take the Boards comments and
form it into a draft recommendation And
certainly were all open to hearing the
Boards comments and suggestions about
53
revisions that we can then take back and
modify as the Board wishes But I wanted to
take a moment to go over some of the proposed
text that comes after -- the Zoning text that
comes after that in order to address some of
the questions because some questions have
come up since this came out We wanted to
try to address those right off the bat
In general the intent of the proposed
modifications is to retain the same overall
scope as the petition and to create some
clearer standards that rely less on
discretionary enforcement That was an issue
that the Planning Board raised at the last
hearing But one of the considerations that
we have is to keep within the scope of the
initial petition and not to deviate largely
from that scope which would require a
possible re-advertisement of the petition
54
The one particular issue thats come up
that we have -- I feel that we maybe havent
addressed fully is the question of how this
applies to existing lighting And this is
a -- this is an issue thats covered broadly
in Zoning by the state laws that enable
Municipal Zoning Rules and this comes from
Chapter 40A Section 6 of the state laws
which says -- and Im skipping a little bit
but basically says A Zoning Ordinance or
by-law shall not apply to structures or uses
lawfully in existence or lawfully begun but
shall -- before that Zoning change was
adopted but shall apply to any change or
substantial extension of such use to any
reconstruction extension or structural
change of such structure and to any
alteration of a structure to provide for its
use for a substantially different purpose or
55
for the same purpose in a substantially
different manner that was substantially
greater extent And thats the overall
framework within which the Zoning Ordinance
is written
In Cambridge the Zoning Ordinance we
also have Article 8 which is a which is a
general set of standards on non-conformity
which starts with that state law provision
and adds some other instances where for one
reason or another the City allows
non-conforming structures or non-conforming
uses to continue in certain specific ways
So based on this overall framework
its our understanding that whether the
original petition language were put forward
or in the case of the modified language it
would apply to new buildings new uses and
significant alterations that -- to buildings
56
or to lighting and would not compel existing
property owners who installed their lighting
you know in a way that was legal at the
time before this petition was advertised
would not compel them to change their
lighting or to take down any existing
fixtures
In fact the proposed text is meant to
clarify that the non-conformity rules
wouldnt necessarily apply to maintain an
existing non-conforming lighting light when
you do when you do significant alterations
to a building So its meant to clarify that
any change you make to a building to a use
or to the lighting on a building has to be
brought into conformance with what the new
regulations are
So thats just one overall piece And
then Id like to just take a quick step
57
through some of the -- what the provisions
actually are And it says it says Page 1
of 6 where it starts but its several pages
into the document Im sorry about the page
numbering
The first page covers the definitions
which are included thats included in the
original petition There are some small
changes for clarity and directness of
application Some additions borrowed
from other -- which weve borrowed a little
bit by looking at other Ordinances that had
been actually brought up at the public
hearings and Ive spent a little bit of time
looking through those and comparing the
standards that are proposed with standards
that are in existence in some other places
and some that might have been held up as
models And in particular thats the
58
standards having to do with the illuminance
rating and the illuminance and that factors
in later on So Ill just skip ahead with
that
On page 2 the applicability again
makes it clear where were enforcing these
standards which would be really any in any
instance where Zoning rules do apply And we
included some exceptions in response to the
Planning Boards comment about will this be
possibly too extensive or have unintended
consequences Some of these exceptions are
present in the original petition Some have
been added For instance in A where it
talks about city lighting thats a provision
thats suggested to make sure that the City
essentially doesnt get in its own way For
instance if there was a situation in a
public park where the neighbors were
59
concerned about safety and made a request to
the City to increase lighting the Citys
hands wouldnt then be tied by its own
Ordinance to be able to respond to that kind
of a public concern
Indoor lighting is included because I
think that in most other Ordinances the
illumination standards do specify outdoor
lighting Indoor lighting can be very
difficult to enforce If somebody put a lamp
in their window would you then have to take
a Zoning enforcement action Its a
difficult scenario in which to try to apply a
Zoning enforcement
And the abandon new provision was
actually one that was taken from -- which is
on page 3 I believe was taken -- it was a
suggestion thats included from other
Ordinances again to try to to the extent
60
possible facilitate the replacement of old
non-conforming fixtures with with newer
conforming fixtures and not to allow people
to use the fact that the light hasnt been --
its been sort of not on for a long time to
then do something that might not otherwise be
in conformance
The rest of page 3 makes it makes a
change in the language on the regulation to
clarify that whats being regulated are the
things that cause the light rather than light
itself thats being regulated It is more
straightforward in my opinion to regulate
physical fixtures and structures in a way
that can be directly observed and enforced
The overall regulation remains based on the
sort of the principle that was described by
the petitioner which is that you can
visually verify whether a light is -- is in
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conformance or potentially not in
conformance And I think it was the Boards
suggestion that perhaps there could be a
recourse that then a property owner could
either then fix the problem or could provide
some evidence that the light actually is in
conformance with what those specific
standards are
We did I should note on again that
the burden really would be on the installer
And under B I think as well as A and C on
that page we can you know we can add the
text that the installer has demonstrated I
think that would be your reasonable standard
that was just as a clerical matter It was
just left out of the text
The -- there was a comment that about
the half a foot candle 05 foot candles and
in terms of whether that was a too high a
62
standard There are other -- there are
actually a range of standards that are used
in many other Ordinances They have
different standards that apply to different
zones and different districts and to be
consistent with the petition were trying to
figure out something that could apply
citywide So 05 may be you know may be on
the high end Other cities use 035 02
01 or sometimes as low as 005 but that
tends to be again where theres a
separation between residential districts and
non-residential districts And we can look
at that a little more or talk about that a
little more
And then I just wanted to make a
comment too because this was brought up in
723 thats retaining the existing text in
the Zoning I think there may have been some
63
confusion as to whether that is meant to
imply that this continues to only apply only
in Residence A B C and C1 districts which
is not the case The new regulations would
apply citywide If there was concern about
these regulations and whether or not they
would apply to other districts such as
Residence C-2 we could add Residence C-2 to
that list as an amendment to that text but
the petition didnt actually amend that text
so we left it we left it as is
Another consideration is to say that
the new regulation supersedes the old
regulation and maybe theres no need to have
it at all and it could be deleted
The next page on page 4 is -- it talks
about enforcement And this is again based
on the -- its the sort of core of the
petition that this should be a
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complaint-driven enforcement There is a
general provision Article 9 of the Zoning
for a person to to request a Zoning
enforcement and this is just a way to
provide some more detail to that process
where in this particular case were looking
at this as a special case there would be a
process of recording a specific item and then
having the owner have a chance to respond and
then at that point being able to move forward
with other avenues of Zoning enforcement just
to provide opportunities where these issues
can be resolved in a straight forward manner
There is one note one comment that was
made to me that it says in 7242 the owner
of any property intends and it actually is
true that in the Zoning its not necessarily
a property owner but any aggrieved person
So it could be a renter who could file that
65
kind of complaint So that would be a
recommended change to this That is to say
instead of the owner of any property just any
individual could make that request
The rest of it is very similar to the
petition We did add one note that says that
just to -- I guess a clarifying note and
its on page 6 where the -- they talk about
parking regulations that the lighting must
conform to the requirements of Article 7
Again just to kind of button things up And
there was a question also that was raised
about I think outside of this it wasnt in
the petition but whether one foot -- what is
one foot candle be the appropriate standard
recommended standard for a parking lot And
its a question thats difficult to answer
but it it may be worth the Citys
consideration at some point --
66
HUGH RUSSELL When we do parking
lots half a free candle is the lowest level
You look at -- because the light is much
brighter under the luminaire theres a
minimum number and theres a ratio between
the brightest and the least bright portion
because of that ratio gets very high the eye
adjusts and so you have to keep that range
down But for that reason I would think
spilling a half a foot candle on somebody
elses property which is a reasonable
standard for a parking lot would be an
unreasonable spill standard And I think we
should not be allowed to spill as much light
as would allow your next-door neighbor to
have in a parking lot So maybe it should
be you know substantially lower and maybe a
02 setting you know And it certainly
worked under Ordinances where its 01 but
67
youre in more suburban locations where its
more easy to achieve that
MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE Can you
turn the volume up on the microphone so we
can hear you better
HUGH RUSSELL Ill try to move
closer to the microphone You werent here
earlier when we were having the feedback
problems Im hoping we can go back to our
regular meeting room sooner rather than later
where its a little bit easier there
So sorry Jeff I interrupted you
JEFF ROBERTS Thats fine
I think thats actually a good point
to you know in order for me to stop and to
let the Board ask questions or respond
HUGH RUSSELL So I guess my
question is based on the public testimony
many people came in and they said theres
68
this awful wall pack that somebody put up a
while ago and its really annoying And what
Im hearing you say is that because of the
way that the Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning
enabling network we cant we cant solve
that problem Is there a way to solve that
through the municipal lighting or should we
recommend to the Council that they pursue
that question Because to me its you know
having been the victim of wall packs in the
past and I got my neighbor to do a pretty
good job of fixing it eventually but I --
personally Im aware of that and I think we
heard this testimony And so is -- how do
you -- is it possible to deal with that if
you cant do it in Zoning some other way
JEFF ROBERTS Well Im not -- I
have to admit first that Im not an expert on
non-zoning legal matters but I can tell you
69
what Ive found in you know in just my
reading
Well first of all there is a
Municipal Code which is separate from the
Zoning Ordinance which doesnt it is not
established under Chapter 40-A but does
still have to adhere to any superseding state
laws or regulations so And again Im
not well enough versed in that to give
specific answers I -- but for you know
there is an examine in Cambridge for
example where you can look at the noise
ordinance in Cambridge where that is part of
the Zoning Code and its not part of the
Zoning Ordinance and its treated and
enforced in a you know different mechanism
I do know that because it was
recommended by the Board to look at other
examples that we have looked at Newtons
70
Newton Mass Code and they do have
requirements in their Zoning that apply to
you know new development new lighting but
they also have a light trespass provision
within their Ordinance on I believe its
miscellaneous finds and offenses that
discusses the amount of light trespass thats
allowed on an adjacent property And I
cant I cant say because I dont have any
firsthand examples whether thats been used
to enforce enforce an Ordinance on a
situation that was pre-existing I just
got -- actually I just got through one of
their former plans They had experience of
reviewing it through site plan review for
Zoning and making sure the lighting is
conforming that way but not whether there was
enforcement done in a different way
HUGH RUSSELL Do we have other
71
questions for Jeff
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
Jeff I think you did a great job The staff
did a great job And first Ill go back to
the last issue which is I would make a
recommendation or suggestion to City Council
or the staff that somebody ask the Law
Department because I think it is indeed a
problem under the Zoning Enabling Act to try
to deal with pre-existing non-conforming uses
or structures and that whether one could as
an analog to the noise ordinance adopt a
light ordinance at the site of Zoning which
might be immediately applicable to existing
uses
I -- the first question I have is in
your Section 723 where theres the
reference at the very end Proposed addition
shall conform to the requirements of Section
72
722 above
Is that intended to bring in the as
written currently not exceed one half foot
candle at any point beyond the property line
JEFF ROBERTS Yes That added
language I would characterize it as sort of
a buttoning up Just to make it clear that
723 doesnt supersede 722 but rather that
this is a sort of an additional set of -- and
it remains as additional set of standards and
requirements that -- but that 722 also
applies with regard to the shielding and the
spill --
H THEODORE COHEN Right right I
just wanted it to be clear in my mind that if
there were some spill under 723 but it did
not exceed the half foot candle or whatever
standard was ultimately agreed upon that
that would be okay
73
JEFF ROBERTS I -- as long as it --
yes if it meets all -- if it meets all the
standards If its only -- if it is
continuous and of indirect note and other
definitions but if its -- if it prevents
direct light from any other property and
shall conform -- oh Im sorry now I
understand what youre asking
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not view --
JEFF ROBERTS 723 supersedes 722
Well that may be that may be a concern I
guess if it is -- if that if that language
creates ambiguity --
H THEODORE COHEN Let me rephrase
it
JEFF ROBERTS Yes
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not -- in going after the people who
74
we really want to go after we are not making
every property owner every house owner who
has got a house you know with a light two
feet from their abutting property owners
property line is not going to be in violation
of this if it complies with whatever minimal
standard has been written into the Ordinance
And so as I read 722 if it wasnt more than
05 foot candle if you know that was okay
and I wanted to be clear that under 723 the
same standard would apply
JEFF ROBERTS Yes I would say that
is the intent But I think youve noted
something that could potentially being
resolved an ambiguity that could be resolved
by the text
H THEODORE COHEN Okay I dont
have the you know the knowledge or
background to say what the right level is
75
Ill have to take you know Hughs or
staffs determination of what is the proper
level
The comment you made on 7242
changing owner of any property to an
individual gives me some discomfort because
the way its been written now it relates as
you know a lot of Special Permits or Zoning
enforcement relates to aggrieved party within
300 feet or abutters to abutters and just
changing it to an individual is not tieing it
to some particular location And so I would
ask that you think about that again if you
want to go away from the owner of a property
that it somehow -- I mean I mean we dont
-- we want people who have a legitimate right
to be able to complain about it but not
necessarily someone whos a half mile away
saying oh I dont like the way that light
76
looks when I drive by So I would just be
careful about that
I had been concerned about the
overreach of everything under the original
language And I still am concerned about the
fact that if you can see it it can be deemed
a violation but I think the provision youve
written in here in 7242 ameliorates my
concerns a lot that there is this whole
process so that were not going to have
frivolous complaints being made or complaints
that you know neighbors versus neighbors
who just happen to be right next to each
other and saying well you know your porch
light is too bright because I can see it So
Im much more comfortable with that
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have a
comment and a question Jeff and I also
wanted to compliment you on how carefully you
77
listened and how much better this is since
the last time we saw it I think its worth
emphasis that the issue of standing which is
sort of cemented in the law of Zoning really
be more carefully articulated here I too
am uncomfortable about straining from that
issue Its abutters and abutters to
abutters and the 300-foot radius is I think
what I would be looking for in terms of
aggrieved parties as a definition But the
thing that Im missing the most I think
from a nearly perfect redrafted section here
and looking at the Section 641 at the end
which is entitled Purpose made me think
that I was missing that in the illumination
section sort of just a general couple of
sentences at the beginning to say why are we
concerned about this in the city of
Cambridge And obviously were concerned
78
about the spilling of light on to adjacent
properties and the effect it might have on
the ability of those adjacent property owners
to enjoy their property And I think its
another thing missing And its interesting
that this diagram is up here on the screen
because the aggrieved party is gesturing at
the ground and looking at his neighbor But
actually theres another condition that the
section of the Ordinance could address which
is which is the night sky And I think that
thats another purpose of this Ordinance
which is to control the effective light
spilling up into the night sky which is an
issue of environmental concern increasingly
in this country and I think Cambridge should
take credit for and also highlight its
concern about the issue that light should not
unnecessarily spill into the night sky So I
79
really think the Ordinance and the diagram on
the right of the screen shows in fact the
lighting fixture thats doing both of those
things and thats correctly I think what we
should be concerned about And thank you
just two minor points
Thanks Jeff
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Well
first I want to say you talking about the
Rule of 40-A and the non-conforming
structures I think because this has come to
us from people who are dealing with this
problem now I would really like to see
included in your memo and the language that
you very carefully drafted with some changes
that my fellow board members that I think
articulated well Id like to see in our
memo a recommendation that City Council
really take up the approach that you
80
described Newton has which is that the
two-pronged approach The General Ordinance
to deal with the problem that is there now
where one property owner is creating a
nuisance for the other property owner so that
they can get some relief from existing
things but also that going forward we would
have that ongoing review and pro-active
dealing with this so that we dont create
those situations in the future
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes go ahead
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to agree
wholeheartedly with what you just said and
also I want to agree that I think we -- the
changes that you made to this from my
perspective are an improvement And I think
you hit upon a lot of the core issues that we
were concerned about The problem I think
81
that you have what you stated was within the
confines of a Zoning Petition You can only
change so much before it becomes something
else And I guess my recommendation would be
that the -- we actually look at with a
non-conforming piece it just -- its great
for new stuff but it doesnt do anything
about the current situation and I think
there may be some better mechanisms
So my recommendation would be that the
City really take this on but it actually
become a petition from -- that we work on to
get it right That would then you remember
at the first hearing I commented about the
fact that we probably -- it would be good to
have a consultant to help us with things half
of a lit candle versus something else And
if you had a city process where youre trying
to solve that you can do that So I think
82
as I said I think what this petition is
trying to do is very very good but Zoning
is always a proved mechanism to do it And I
am a little concerned Specifically I think
there is a -- Im concerned about what
constitutes a change Were talking about a
fixture versus a building so that -- and you
have the license that says if its new
construction yes But if youre altering or
changing it but what if you alter or change
the light fixture I mean that gets -- that
definition to me gets very unclear If a
light fixture is one light to the left and
they want to change it is that a change To
me it gets a little confusing The initial
standing I would agree also is the fact it
has to be and we just cant have people who
are renting and stuff like that this could
be a nightmare And I guess Im very
83
concerned about the the Section 2-point -- I
mean 7242 which is really the enforcement
piece And I think you will get a lot of
frivolous complaints They may not be
frivolous in the mind of the person
complaining but it may turn out to the
frivolous And even if it isnt frivolous
Im just concerned that it may get a lot I
mean the poor superintendent of buildings is
just going to get a lot of this stuff And
you know you get a complaint you have to
determine that the complaints valid Im
just concerned about that So I think you
know Municipal Code andor Zoning
combination just has a better approach to me
to solving as opposed to trying to just doing
it all
And thats all
PAMELA WINTERS Thanks Hugh
84
Is this on Im just curious I dont
know what a foot candle is How many watts
like for a bulb is it
JEFF ROBERTS Thats hard to say
So Ill try to do this in very laymens
terms Theres -- in lighting theres such
thing as theres luminance and then theres
illuminance And luminance is like your
bulb So if you have a 60-watt light bulb
thats -- I think somewhere around to
determine like 850 900 luminance which is
the -- because wattage is always different
depending on what kind of light you have
You measure the brightness of the light in
luminance and thats just the point source
of light
Illuminance means how much light youre
casting on something thats away So what --
the light that just that bulb is casting on
85
the floor or the wall is called illuminance
And its measured in -- foot candles are kind
of a weird unit I actually dont know how
it came about but its also I believe
equivalent to luminance per square foot So
its like imagining a light sort of creating
a wash over over a surface So its really
the intensity of the light spread over a
surface that its that its shining on So
you basically measure it and you use whats
called a lux meter You cant measure it if
you have sort of a room where you can just
turn on one light source you can hold up a
lux meter and get a reading on what the
illuminance is thats being a -- what that
means is that the further you get away from
the light source the illuminance or the foot
candles goes down And I should say too
and this could be a technical point that was
86
made to me and addressed to me that the
illuminance is generally as a technical
standard is measured horizontally against the
ground and vertically on a you know sort of
up and down direction And that could be
also clarified in the Zoning I think as a
technical point just to make sure its
consistent with what the professional
standards are
PAMELA WINTERS Well I was just a
little bit concerned about 723 because I
know in our house we have a driveway that the
front unit uses and we do too And also we
have our back unit And if we didnt have
the lighting up there we have sort of a
two-pronged lighting fixture one which goes
to the driveway and one which goes into
behind the gate in our backyard It would
it would really it would be pitch black
87
there and it would cause real security
issues But again its like we use --
like I dont know 50-watt bulbs so I dont
know what candle measurement would be but
you know we do try to you know we shine it
on those particular areas But Im sure some
of it you know does get reflected to some
of the neighbor -- I dont know
You know we also have an arbor and we
would put up Christmas lights around the
arbor all year actually and so -- we also
have plighting in the trees in our yard
HUGH RUSSELL Night sky
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah -- no no no
because the trees block the you know just
the trees block the --
STEVEN COHEN Youre going to jail
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah maybe I
shouldnt have said anything Anyway so I
88
guess I have an issue about that So I dont
know do you have any comments on that
JEFF ROBERTS No I mean I
think --
STEVEN COHEN Walk away
JEFF ROBERTS Youve done a good
job of I think illustrating the complexity of
enforcing these regulations in a way
thats --
PAMELA WINTERS I know
JEFF ROBERTS -- this sets you
know a clear set of standards and is as a
complaint-driven enforcement mechanism So
if you went up and uninstalled that light and
if you were you know installing that you
know whatever after the Zoning was
advertised and someone had a complaint with
it they would hopefully come to you first
and see if you could redirect it and you
89
know kind of give you their permission that
its okay But if not they could you know
they could -- if your light was not you
know shielded as its been described and
pointed downwards they could take a photo of
it send it to the Building Commissioner and
they could then they could ask you to verify
that your lighting is within the acceptable
parameters
PAMELA WINTERS Poor Building
Commissioner Boy Anyway go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Steve you want to
go
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair may I
speak
HUGH RUSSELL Go ahead
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
Mr Chair I simply wanted to concur that
with the general direction that the
90
conversation is going I concur with my
colleagues And I also would like to echo
the sentiment that the presentation of the
Zoning and the side bar Jeff the
explanations in them have made this a really
good exercise Jeff thank you for that
HUGH RUSSELL Id like to comment
that first several board members havent
spoken yet and secondly we have the
proponent of the original petition before us
who has studied the subject and studied the
proposal before us and I think we need to
listen to him And we have other members of
the public here And since theres something
substantially different in our
recommendation we need to listen to them
So I think Steve and Ahmed and I have
some comments too
STEVEN COHEN Jeff to the extent
91
that this is technical I dont have the
technical experience or knowledge to second
guess you And you seem to have made
yourself an expert in this area of lighting
over the passed few months But in general
on technical matters Im very much inclined
to defer to the analysis and research and
thought and efforts by you and the staff So
I think that youve done great on that The
thing to me thats most interesting and just
understand most important is this whole
question of non-conformity To the extent
that all of this is just prospective I think
it works reasonably well from every
perspective and including from an enforcement
perspective Its the non-conformities I
just want to ask you a little bit more about
first of all just under 40A6 as
interpreted as applied here what sort of
92
changes would would bring a fixture out of a
legal non-conforming status Clearly
replacing the fixture its got to be brought
up to Code If youre making changes
alterations to the structure other than the
fixture does that at any point trigger a
requirement
JEFF ROBERTS Well it could And
thats the way weve essentially written it
to try to be as encompassing in scope as
possible to not provide any kind of
non-conformity exceptions that would allow
someone whos making an alteration that
requires a Building Permit or even an
Electrical Permit to install to install new
lighting To utilize the non-conformity
rules to be able to leave something up
thats not conforming
STEVEN COHEN So Im not sure Im
93
understanding what youre saying So if
somebodys making a substantial change and --
but it doesnt involve the fixture are you
saying they do have to bring it into
conformity
JEFF ROBERTS If we -- in the
proposal that weve written --
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS -- and we have
specified that And if you do specify that
you can require that a property owner do
that
STEVEN COHEN And as youve
proposed it here what is the trigger point
I mean what is the extent of change that
would trigger the requirement
JEFF ROBERTS It would essentially
be that if youre it would be -- at least
the enforcement path would be you need to get
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a permit for -- from Inspectional Services
to to make an alteration to the building or
to change the use of the building in a way
that it falls within that definition of where
Zoning regulations can apply And thats
and theres -- and its sort of laid out in
Article 8 of the Zoning It says that any
alteration to the exterior of the structure
any alteration of the structure to
accommodate a different use substantially
different use than whats there at the time
and any enlargement of a use those are
those are the types of things or any
enlargement of a building those are the
types of things that you then have to if you
do that you have to comply with Zoning
STEVEN COHEN So bear with me I
wanted to work through this a little bit If
Im adding an addition to my house then my
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lighting must -- all of the lighting must
comply If Im adding a window to my
existing house do I have to bring lighting
into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS If its just a
replacement of an existing window
STEVEN COHEN Say Im enlarging an
opening or adding a new window
JEFF ROBERTS Right Then that
would trigger a Zoning review for Zoning
compliance --
STEVEN COHEN So it has to be
brought into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS Right So thats the
way its currently written again to try to
maintain the expansiveness and the scope of
the petition thats been proposed But the
Zoning could specify could be more specific
about where you do and where you dont
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require that lighting be brought into
conformance with the Zoning Code
STEVEN COHEN I mean obviously
youve put some thought into this and this is
what youre recommending Do you have any
concern that that might be an overly broad
requirement basically anybody doing anything
with their house other than painting or
repairs theyre going to have to bring all
their lighting into compliance Its more
than grandfathering everything Its not as
much as the proponents originally wished for
which is apply everywhere today I mean
whats your thought Do you see -- do you
have any concerns about this or are you
pretty comfortable and confident about that
recommendation
JEFF ROBERTS I would say that
there are concerns about that Its
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generally more strict than in other aspects
of Zoning where you may be allowed to
maintain an existing non-conformity as long
as the work -- thats sort of what I meant
when I referred to Article 8 Article 8 has
certain rules that say that you can if you
do some work that doesnt affect an existing
non-conformity then you can sort of keep
that non-conformity And the question is
really whats the desired outcome Is it to
just allow lighting to be replaced with
better lighting during the -- you know
during the natural course of its life Is
it you know burns out or no longer
functional or when youre -- or just when
youre building new buildings Or is it to
try as quickly as possible to bring as much
lighting as possible into conformance with
whats with whats desired
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And I guess I can try to characterize
who because Ive had conversations with the
Building Commissioner the Superintendent
about what the what the impact is going to
be in terms of enforcement and it does
require some more strict requirements for
someone whos for instance you know just
changing the use of a building If they have
an office building and theyre putting in a
restaurant and they dont really want to
touch the outside of the building
Inspectional Services would still demand that
they show a lighting plan with all of their
existing lighting And if it doesnt
conform then show a plan that you know pay
whatever it costs to bring it into
compliance
STEVEN COHEN Just a couple more
quick questions
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Again on the question of
non-conformity you know it struck me that
you know while some people might consider to
be onerous to have -- to bring all the
lighting up to compliance that maybe there
might be some basis for distinction between
commercial and residential uses And even
with residential perhaps between you know
multi-unit and structures and say three
families or smaller just a thought about
that possible distinction
And I guess one final thought unless
Im mistaken if my memory serves me
correctly the sign code and the sign
ordinance which I think is part of the
Zoning my recollection is that there is
there was something in there when it was
originally passed essentially a sunset type
law that for certain kinds of non-conforming
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signs they were permitted to remain in
existence but only for a limited period of
time I dont know how that slipped under
40A unless maybe the sign ordinance deemed to
be non-zoning or under the police power or
something but it if Im right in my
recollection it might offer another avenue
for thought in the way of dealing with
non-conforming uses
WILLIAM TIBBS Can I just real
quick just as a follow up to just what you
were just saying I just -- I just want to I
guess you remind us that process-wise the
petitioner made a petition we made comments
and Jeff was trying to write stuff relative
to our comments I didnt want you to feel
that Jeff was making a recommendation back to
us Hes just making recommendations and to
us -- hes just trying to get some writing
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which reflects what he thought he was hearing
which I thought he did a very good job of
This isnt a proposal from the City to us
Its really a proposal as to how to change
the language within the parameters of the
permit process
STEVEN COHEN I see
WILLIAM TIBBS He has limits to
what he can do
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Thank you
Jeff you dont have to answer these
right now but I just want you to basically
give it a thought or maybe consider if its
not I really couldnt find the language but
I was wondering about lights and dynamics in
motion Such as the city grows in night with
cyclists that we have all these flashing
lights that are head on with cars and we
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have the City of Cambridge -- we had the City
had after market head lamps you know you
see one thats manufactured correctly thats
illuminating beautifully and youll see a
tiny light of maybe even like a one foot
candle you know combination and also facing
the wrong way kind of blinding people so on
and so forth so I just thought of have you
thought about with traffic Thats one
And second comment that I wanted to
make is as engineers when we build buildings
we tend to have lights blend in with the
indoor or outdoor environment You know for
example if we were to put up a tile in a
sonar or something we would put the lighting
in first and then put the tile in so then we
can see the shadow it produces on the tile
You know as opposed to installing the tile
first and then putting the light in So
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have you considered or will you consider the
architectural impact the lights might have on
an environment How hot it is in there
What type of material it is And is it
bundled material if the lights are shining on
a bundled material produce a shadow you
know type
Thats all
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I have four
comments I think its important that we not
restrict the complaint process to owners of
property because if youre a tenant in say
a multi-family building and youre aggrieved
because somebody -- you may be impossible to
convince the owner of your apartment building
to bring a complaint and there could be many
reasons why the owner might not
I think you mentioned the abutters and
abutters to abutters in Cambridge but maybe
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expanding that to allow people who are at
least tenants to also bring those complaints
Historical note dark sky The largest
telescope in the world was located in
Cambridge Massachusetts in about 1855 And
that instrument is still in Cambridge
although its utilities have been somewhat
diminished both because its only 15 inches
in diameter and secondly the parking lot
lights around the observatory cut off three
magnitudes of what they can see through it
and the night sky I think we should
recommend the City in its consideration of
light trespass really need to hire experts
And I mean uses have repeatedly that think
the CE Department has the technical expertise
to really get the fine grain I think we do
not have that expertise and thats just
going to have to be part of the process And
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I wouldnt want to hold up the enactment of
the Zoning piece but it might be that well
come back and say no youve got to make some
small adjustments to the Zoning in the
context of the other one We can do that
Fourth point is what triggers the
clients And I want to remind people of the
yellow sheet that we now get In order to do
almost anything to a house in the city
because almost every house is non-conforming
the exterior of the house has to go before
the Zoning Board and so you might want to
write in that when you make the trip to the
Zoning Board youve also got to demonstrate
that youre lighting
Changing light fixtures in the context
of a renovation plan isnt the huge part of
the plan but it might have a big impact on
the results to some of the people And if
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the Zoning Board was also looking at that
these questions and asking those questions
during their reviews we might get some more
places where we -- that would be in effect
H THEODORE COHEN Just one
clarifying Jeff Im sorry In 723
theres a reference any permanent lighting
permitted by the pre-exempt shall be shall be
continuous and direct etcetera etcetera
Many of us have outdoor lighting for
driveways and porches that are on motion
detectors so that theyre only on when
somebody is entering or leaving is that
does the word continuous mean that things
like that would not be permitted
JEFF ROBERTS That was a question
that crossed my mind as well but not really
something that was included in the scope of
the petition so I didnt I didnt look into
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that very closely to see how they enforce it
I dont believe that a motion sensor light is
considered a non-continuous light I think a
non-continuous light refers to flashing or
strobe I guess
HUGH RUSSELL You mentioned at some
point that possibly 723 (inaudible) is one
provision in it that it talks about the
decorative lighting that might be added in
the 722 list of things of exceptions And
as I think if -- we had several discussions
about what how do these two things work
together and youre thinking I think that
you could probably just delete 723 so that
that confusion didnt come up And take
whatevers in it that isnt in the rest of it
and put it in the rest
Okay if we are complete with our
comments Id like Mr Teague to critique us
108
CHARLES TEAGUE You dont really
want me to critique you
WILLIAM TIBBS Sure Briefly
critique us
CHARLES TEAGUE Im on the ten
minute clock here Charles Teague 23
Edmunds Street and you have caught me out
This was a Band-Aid This was going to be a
quick thing despite and despite being a
quick thing by attorneys engineers
architects lighting experts so you know
it looks trivial to small amount of changes
but it was subtle The last time we were
here there was a question of as why you could
see the light elements on the pitches of good
lights And thats because you can see the
elements on the pitches of good light if
youre standing where the light is supposed
to be and you cant see it where light is not
109
supposed to be And so and yes all your
discussion about -- so I spent an hour on the
phone with the firm who is the town the
towns -- the solicitors for the town of
Ashland reviewed their sunset clauses Its
a Municipal Code And yes the proper
lighting ordinance is in the Municipal Code
Everybody stuffs it in the Zoning where you
run into the grandfathering problem So once
you get out you can do the sunset clauses
you can expire something after ten years
And he showed me the examples on the signs
And so yeah this is all wrong We
shouldnt spend a lot of time on this We
should have just got it over with you know
two years ago but here we are So Im not
exactly -- so just on process you had a long
discussion of process the last time And now
this is gone through the Ordinance Committee
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CDD was there participated Was referred
favorably to the full Council I say its
not the time for a major rewrite And the
trouble I have is that theres major
differences outcomes and a lot about
enforcement and a lot about grandfathering
What I tried to do very -- and we -- its
basically because as Jeff astutely pointed
out is that he used an entirely different
method He refers to the fixture I refer
to the light And he thought it was more
clear to refer to the fixture but once you
do that youre explicitly grandfathering
everything And I was trying to see if we
can if we can sneak by And because this
was supposed to be a quick fix And then
youre supposed to go off and do a real
Municipal Ordinance with real professionals
and a real budget which I dont have
111
The reason why its important and lets
go back public health public safety
Theres the safety of too much light versus
too little light We had expert testimony on
health direct light or we just went over
why the visible and good lights And the
scope and were afraid of this wipe of
enforcement Enforcement one of the things
about enforcement is that if its simple you
can handle more stuff But simplicity I
lets say people dont go down to the
Building Commissioner and ask him to enforce
things They come to community meetings and
theyre really upset and they ask me And
thats how enforcement works in my
neighborhood And its Charles Teague that
goes down to the Building Department
Theres not a lot of enforcement in Zoning
going on And so and it comes through you
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know the neighborhood experts So and then
theres the whole grandfather issue
So there we go Theres the good
light You can -- I took this picture
consciously so that you could see the
lighting elements and then youve got the arm
under the Mount Auburn Hospital and Im on
their property in their driveway and thats
good light And theres the area to be lit
So anyways what were trying to avoid
is legal And we dont want neighbors suing
neighbors but they can They can sue under
the nuisance on their reasonable use and
enjoyment And so the lawyers I talked with
just gone through this in Lincoln They sued
because there was -- the town wouldnt
enforce the one line of the Zoning Ordinance
and they also sued under nuisances There
were other things in the case but its the
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fees in the six figures They started in
2008 They finished their trial this March
in 2013 and he says the decision could take
two years So this is not what we want the
citizens of Cambridge to have to do to get
relief
And so back to grandfathering Granted
if youre replacing light thats fine Its
not grandfathered And the key is the
burden And its its the same Its
basically the same to put up a good light as
a bad light Bulb replacement you know I
dont know sometimes to replace a bulb is
you know in this day and time its just as
hard -- easy to replace the whole fixture if
you have to go up high and bring up a crane
and all that stuff
So but my thesis and we dont know
whether this will work but this was the
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attempt and this was why I defined an
entirely different than the way Jeff defined
it is the light requires predicate acts
You have to switch it on You have to pay
the bill You have to change the bulb
Those are conscious acts that you do
otherwise the light wouldnt be doing bad
things And lastly you know if we actually
go and memorialize that all existing lights
are grandfathered theres a bunch of lights
out there that could have been enforced
They are in violation The trouble were
missing is the explicit definitions and we
could have gone through the appeal process
through the BZA or to Superior Court and we
could have got some resolution So there
still is another path to getting resolution
But going back to the previous slide it
isnt really something you want neighbors to
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be doing
So this is this is a commentary from
Bobrowski who wrote the handbook on land use
And hes talking about the restrictions on
the site the external restrictions And
hes talking about how theres no reported
(inaudible) decisions on the grandfather
section So but hope springs the term But
at this end this was never meant to be such a
process It was supposed to be a quick fix
get in and get out and then hopefully a real
lighting ordinance would happen but I cant
do the real lighting ordinance
So the building -- we sat down with
Councillor van Beuzekom and I sat down with
the Building Commissioner and he says he can
enforce the Teague Petition When they go
and they basically do light enforcement by
asking nicely And the next thing is so you
116
cant see the bulb They have people adjust
the lights so you cant see the bulb which
is basically what I wrote I memorialized
And he didnt really know how many Zoning
violations but its a small number And he
asked CDD to consult the Law Department on
the whole grandfathering thing So thats
supposed to be in process But not with my
not with my legal theory
But anyways on -- he looked at CDD
petition He had a series of -- to my --
because Im the neighborhood enforcer
because people come to me I go down to the
Building Department and so I sort of know how
they work And so I went down with Ranjit
He goes well thats nice but we dont have
staff at night So he didnt like the
illumination definition He goes we dont
staff at night We dont have instruments
117
We dont know how to use them
On pulling a Building Permit he would
say well wed actually have to go down there
and look to see if there were actual bad
lights where now people bring in plans
Which you could require a plan for I dont
know you know putting on your dog house or
something but I dont know when external
plans are required But then he went on in
his very practical concern its a lot of --
on the change of use its not going to get
triggered very often because so often he says
they dont need a Building Permit to change
the use So on the aging out of fixtures
he goes he says theres no way we can know
when that fixture was last gone He didnt
like those ones where this where its
referring to the bulb And then there was a
section which said on the certificate of
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occupancy you would actually have to get
plans And he goes well often times a
homeowner comes down hes going to sell his
house or getting a new insurance policy and
theyll want to give them a Certificate of
Occupancy and this is an onerous expense for
so many So -- and then they have an
existing process So what happens is they
get a complaint in they run over there they
look at the thing and they come back and
they make it and they make their decision
And they send out their letters And either
theyre gonna decide to enforce or not
enforce Either person can appeal within 30
days After 30 days its final his decision
is final The Zoning Ordinance Section 1021
says its a $50 fee Their sheet says $100
Ill have to speak to him about that But I
spoke today its six weeks to get a hearing
119
And we have an experienced guy And Ive
seen you guys spend hours and hours resolving
neighborhood -- you send them in the back
room and they come back out Its even at
one in the morning you guys are working this
stuff out Ive seen them do it for a
garbage shed whether the garbage shed could
have a roof on it or not
Now Ranjit didnt like 722A because
only the BZA could issue a Variance So so
then the Kelly Beady guy came in with some
foot candle things just a whole bunch of
details But thats really thats really
Im under my ten minutes right All set
So my final thing is what I would
suggest I would suggest -- well I suggest
the correct answer is the municipal lighting
and we all know that And thats the way it
should be done So I suggest that As for
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this I think this is a major change Its a
change in how its basic fundamental premise
of how its defined and it has these
implications in enforcement because it
requires because now it requires
instrumentation and people at night and
implications in terms of grandfathering
Grandfathering I dont know maybe weve
got 10 percent or 20 percent shot but under
the other way of defining it its zero It
absolutely nails down every existing light
So I would suggest that that petition -- the
other version is so different I dont think
its -- and were at the end of the process
I dont think it should be substituted If
you guys decide to submit it as a Planning
Board petition that would be okay but I
would not I would not I think theyre just
too fundamentally different creatures
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Thank you
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I find this very interesting because
the -- I know I have problems with the
petition as written and even though Jeffs
efforts were very valiant in trying to
incorporate some of our concerns in it I
think Mr Teague has just shown that new
position still has a lot of problems
associated with it So I think unless we
have a process that comes up with something
that is been thought through and worked out
I think I really have a problem with the
petition as it was (Inaudible)
HUGH RUSSELL That last sentence
confused me I didnt hear it I guess Did
you say that you had a problem with the
122
Teague petition or you didnt have a problem
with it
WILLIAM TIBBS I have a problem
with the Teague petition as written and
Jeffs attempts to write different language
which would help solve some of the problems
we all discussed But I think Mr Teague is
just saying that he doesnt feel that the --
he feels that those changes -- actually
changes it enough so that its a very
different thing And even his presentation
shows some of the complexities particularly
as you talk to other city officials with the
CDD version of his petition So its
problematic and I think to me its just very
very clear that its an issue that I think we
all feel its something we should try to
tackle but we should just tackle in a
different way whether its a Planning Board
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petition Council petition or something And
I know the concern that we had earlier was
that you know these things just take a
long long time and was it something that we
could quickly pass and then work on later
But Im not comfortable with that approach
For me I -- Ill let the other board members
speak for themselves
HUGH RUSSELL Im with you on
the -- I would not want to recommend the
Teague petition to the Council And I would
not do any action want -- I wouldnt want to
just avoid the question because then the
Council might feel that if were not
responding to it we wouldnt respond So my
preference is to ask the staff to tweak the
language based on what theyve heard tonight
and forward the revised language to the
Council and to -- with a discussion that says
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that this is the best we can do in the time
available Its a very complicated issue
and that they should you know and then
theyll have to decide do they want to put
something in place now Do they want to
postpone it Do they want to engage in a
process of writing a Municipal Ordinance
And it seems to me those kinds of questions
are the questions that the Council you know
were offering advice as to what we think can
be done within the Zoning Ordinance and were
offering our comments that we were pretty
content with whats proposed but we
understand its not perfect Now --
WILLIAM TIBBS I think you need to
quantify we
HUGH RUSSELL Thats quite right
and Im not sure everybodys there
Also there are other people who would
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like to speak and I think we ought to hear
them So maybe we should hold our comments
until that happens
So well agree to the three minute
standard for comments
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
TOM SIENIEWICZ Im sorry just one
point Did not Mr Teague say that he would
not support the altered drafting of this
piece of Zoning couldnt support it Was
that what he was indicating he was
withdrawing his petition I had that sense
I dont know
HUGH RUSSELL No I think what
hes saying is we submit our recommendation
to Council he was going to speak against
that recommendation and certainly thats his
right And Council has to decide make that
126
decision I mean -- were not proposing this
as a friendly amendment Were proposing
this as a recommendation from this Board
based on the language we have
CHARLES TEAGUE Just to clarify I
was actually hoping you would recommend the
Teague petition because the last time we were
here because --
HUGH RUSSELL Yes you made that
argument
CHARLES TEAGUE Right
HUGH RUSSELL I understand that
Thank you
So on our list the first person is
Kenneth Taylor of 2 Craigy Street
KENNETH TAYLOR Im Ken Taylor 2
Craigy Street Ive listened to what the
Planning Board has said before Ive heard
public complaints and public interest about
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making changes I see Mr Teagues petition
I understand there are issues related to
that I see the Community Developments
response to your request to comment on that
and improve it My reaction as a layman is
that if you pass -- if you recommend the CD
proposal you risk memorializing
grandfathering the violation of the Zoning
Ordinance which was passed in 1962
Now one question that perhaps Jeff
could explain to me is in the State Code you
quoted Shall lawfully in existence any
condition lawfully in existence
Since 1962 there have been hundreds and
thousands of code violations that have never
been enforced Now does the fact that they
have not been enforced means -- mean that
theyre lawful And does that give them
legitimacy In the case of making Zoning
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changes I know of a condition where an
existing house I was going to buy had a curb
cut for a driveway that was too close to an
intersection of a public street And it was
non-conforming and it was grandfathered until
you made a change And it was non-conforming
until the code was changed The codes never
been changed on this A six-story building
apartment house built in 1940 probably had
incandescent lights to begin with if any at
all And then in 1960 they added more
powerful incandescents In 1970 they added
sodium vapor In 2012 they added HID Now
probably every one of those except the
incandescent was in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance So my question to you is what
permits grandfathering among all these
violations that have existed for that many
years Is it because the City chose not to
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enforce the law Thats a general question
Secondly Im confused about the
recommendation about 723 If I understood
it correctly Jeff you said that you can
delete the paragraph altogether because all
of the Zoning applies to all of the city So
if I understand that theres no special
provision for residential areas and so it
doesnt make any difference I dont
understand why theres this paragraph if
youre going to enforce this Zoning Ordinance
throughout the entire city If that isnt
the case I think you need to at least expand
the language If youre seriously trying to
cover these residential zones you need to
expand the language to cover the edges of
these zones which are impacted by other
districts adjacent to the buildings in other
districts should not be allowed to impact on
130
these residential zones
I think the final question it seems to
me which I believe is related and again I
havent talked to Mr Teague about this is
related to the issue of the whole basis for
the Zoning Ordinance If its based on the
light source rather than the fixture then
theres no reason why you can ask existing
owners either to conform with the new code or
to reduce the wattage in their fixture to the
extent possible to the minimum to bring it in
as close to conformance as possible And
that would mean that a 400-watt HID bulb
could be a 100-watt HID bulb And that would
significantly reduce the problem without
causing an owner to replace the fixture
PAMELA WINTERS Sir your time is
up
KENNETH TAYLOR Excuse me
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PAMELA WINTERS Your time is up
KENNETH TAYLOR Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Theres some
provocative questions there but I think well
just get through some of the comments and
then go there
Second person was Jo M Solet
JO M SOLET Thank you for your
attention Jo M Solet 15 Berkeley Street
I would like to first of all second
what you heard from Mr Taylor I think we
do not want to confer legitimacy on lights
existing lights that are now in violation
And if you doubt that they are there I can
tell you the light about which I spoke to you
at our last meeting I did have the city come
and look at it They told me it was in
violation and they actually and Mr Sean
OGrady told me when I had found all the
132
lights in violation in my neighborhood I
could call him back And I have that in
writing by e-mail So I didnt feel it was
my job to do that but if it will help
Mr Taylor who doesnt live that far away
from me and I will -- well find the
violations and make sure that theyre not
grandfathered for you
I do think there is a backlog of
unconcern about this problem Im also
surprised about the what I see as a hardship
concern about the violators It seems to me
that changing a bulb or adding a hood to an
existing light is not that serious a
hardship And if we discover that there are
folks who have a hardship then maybe we
should be charging for violations and using
the money to help those who have a hardship
come into compliance It could be done
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Because our concern includes health and
safety the grandfathering piece is really a
serious one because it would leave in place
the things that are currently affecting
health and safety and I want to offer a nod
to Mr Russell and to Mr Sieniewicz for
raising the night sky issue and add that in
talking about this city lighting issues with
the Circadian rhythm experts and the sleep
division at Harvard Medical School
Another issue that was raised was that
of wildlife If you doubt that wildlife is
at issue here imagine when you are taking a
neighborhood and basically giving up night
Youre making it light all the time In our
neighborhood on Berkeley Street within the
passed couple of weeks sighted have been a
grey fox turkeys deer raccoons raccoons
during the day by the way because its day
134
all the time and maybe they dont know when
they should be sleeping rabbits moles and
opossums So theyre confused about when
its night and day and thats not good for
us People are confused about it too
Thanks for your time
STEVEN COHEN Mr Chair Im sorry
if I might interrupt for just a moment Both
of the first two speakers made reference to
lighting being in violation And if there is
some sort of a regulation of existing
lighting thats something that Im unaware
of that I havent heard come out
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
So Jeff is it correct that paragraph
723 is part of the Ordinance now
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
Mr Chair and excuse me for not reviewing
my -- my sort of shorthand of Zoning changes
135
So all of the underlying portions are the
changes to the Ordinance page -- on page 3
the portion under 723 line item 723 is not
there but that paragraph underneath it
constitutes the entirety of current Section
720 of the Zoning Ordinance So that is
currently in the Ordinance The petition
proposed to leave it in the Ordinance and --
HUGH RUSSELL And how long has it
been in the Ordinance
JEFF ROBERTS I do not know the
answer to that question
HUGH RUSSELL A long time right
JEFF ROBERTS Its been for
sometime And any -- it was not during the
ten years that Ive been here So the -- so
any lighting that was established since that
time thats found to be in violation and I
think this -- I wont sidetrack But any
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lighting thats known to be in violation or
found to be in violation of that Ordinance
since that time will -- its considered
illegally non-conforming Its not -- it
doesnt have a legal conforming status just
because it was ignored And therefore it --
this the proposed -- whether the under the
proposed text or the modified text the new
Zoning would not confer any special -- new
special status towards lighting that was in
violation at the time that it was installed
HUGH RUSSELL Okay So what were
saying is that outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 Districts since
this was put in the Ordinance which I
believe is quite was probably decades ago
is -- do you know exactly
KENNETH TAYLOR Yes the historian
for Community Development informed my wife
137
that there have been no changes in the
lighting ordinance since it was originally
written So that goes back to the original
text of the Ordinance
H THEODORE COHEN When was that
HUGH RUSSELL I do not believe this
paragraph goes back to 1924
KENNETH TAYLOR No no 1962
HUGH RUSSELL 62 So thats the
date
KENNETH TAYLOR Thats when the
Ordinance was written
HUGH RUSSELL The Ordinance was
written in 1920 --
KENNETH TAYLOR Its a 50-year-old
Ordinance It hasnt been changed since
HUGH RUSSELL Sir the Ordinance
was written in 1924 There were major
revisions in 1943 and 1962 And then since
138
1970 the Ordinance has perhaps quadrupled in
size to the establishment of special
districts The question is when did this
paragraph show up And I believe the answer
that youre trying to tell me 1962 So that
says -- so if you will allow me to finish my
thought here that says that in those
districts that are enumerated a light that
shines a direct light on an adjacent
property is not grandfathered
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
HUGH RUSSELL Now that doesnt
help the people in Residence C-2 Districts
and I believe some of the testimony before us
were people who are in those districts But
so that -- so by this little discussion weve
learned that in you know a substantial
portion of the city someone should be able to
go down today and get enforcement And so
139
therefore it probably is a reason to -- you
may want to make that clearer in the
Ordinance that this standard as we talk
about enforcement and grandfathering that
this was the standard Anything thats in
conformance doesnt have legal non-conforming
status That would I believe that helps
Now Id like to continue with the
hearing and Marjorie Williams of Green Street
do you wish to speak Or is it Marjorie
Wellens (phonetic)
MARILYN WELLENS You mean Marilyn
Wellens
HUGH RUSSELL Do you live at 651
Green Street
MARILYN WELLENS I do
HUGH RUSSELL Im sorry I couldnt
read your writing but I certainly know you
MARILYN WELLENS Yes So my name
140
is Marilyn Wellens and I live at 651 Green
Street We abut a Business B-1 District on
Massachusetts Avenue The building at 1030
Massachusetts Avenue was recently con --
within the last year and a half two years
was converted from office to lab use And
the Zoning Ordinance considers these
equivalent uses I can assure you that they
are not neither for lighting nor for noise
nor for height The reason Im here is that
weve had quite a lesson in this in modern
technology and the way that Cambridge is
going over the last two years So that I
have Im afraid scattered notes in response
to some of the Boards comments and I
havent put them in any particular order so
if you will indulge me I will just sort of
speak out
I would say that the matter is urgent
141
that Mr Teague has brought to the Board and
the Council and the Citys attention The
strain of trying to have quiet enjoyment of
ones property is very difficult And I
would suspect that the places where it is
possible are rapidly diminishing And only
the very very choicest residential districts
of the city will be immune and maybe they --
even they wont if the development thats
planned and on the Boards continuance So
Im concerned about the assumption that there
will be all these frivolous complaints What
weve just heard recently is that the Zoning
Ordinance lacks enforcement ability either
through the technical expertise of staff who
are required or asked to enforce it or they
lack the training they lack the money they
lack the expertise they lack the equipment
So that this -- remedying this is not simply
142
a matter of law its a matter of budget and
its a matter of will and committing to
taking care of the health and safety of the
population of Cambridge And that I
understand is the primary impulse and
justification for the Zoning Ordinance Now
thats why were here and thats why youre
dealing with this And as Doctor Solet has
told you repeatedly that light as well as
noise have major major health consequences
And this is another example of what has been
called the privatization of profit and the
socialization of the costs So that you have
the developers and the users maximizing
lowering their own costs by failing
adequately to protect public health and the
rest of us suffer and its a longer term
problem but if youre concerned about the
educational level of the students in
143
Cambridge I suspect that you will pay close
attention to both light and noise and how
they affect people
And so I was bit concerned with the
assumption that you might have lacks -- and
this may have been my missed hearing that it
might be possible to have laxer standards for
persons living in denser zones or in
commercial zones because I dont see any
reason why anyone living in any of those
zones would be less harmed by the noxious
effect of light than people living in an A
Zone
PAMELA WINTERS If you could wind
down your comments please your time is up
MARILYN WELLENS All right And
so I would again encourage you to act on
this and I would ask that the city develop
the capacity to enforce and develop the will
144
to enforce and I ask the Board to participate
in that
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Thank you
Does anyone else wish to be heard
ROBERT WINTERS Hi my name is
Robert Winters I hadnt planned to come
here I do live in a BA-1 Zone I probably
could claim I have five multiple violations
right now on either side of me but I have no
skin in this game I have no desire to file
complaints or anything but something I was
thinking before -- Hugh Russell actually took
the words right out of my mouth And heres
my thoughts that I heard earlier and just to
say them right now I wonder why must this
matter be a part of the Zoning Ordinance at
all It strikes me that all of the
shortcomings and misgivings and like what
145
about grandfathering this or that could all
be resolved if simply this was made part of a
municipal comprehensive municipal light
ordinance that had nothing to do with Zoning
whatsoever
When I have as I have complaints
about neighbors with rodent infestation you
know you call the rodent people If theres
a problem with improper disposal of rubbish
you call Inspectional Services and Public
Works Nobody worries about whether the
rubbish cans were grandfathered in from an
earlier era when they carried ashes out to
the street You know these are living
documents they can be changed to meet with
the times It seems thats the right way to
go Just generally speaking I think we
burden the Zoning Ordinance with far too
much It shouldnt even have quadrupled in
146
size There are so many things We depend
far too much on the Zoning Ordinance to solve
too many problems I believe shortly well
be getting some recommendations coming as
part of an another Zoning Petition where
theyre going to try to tell us from where we
must buy our electricity for example Why
not go and tell what color shirts our
children should wear or whether they should
speak multiple languages and have that be
part of the Zoning Ordinance So my remedy
is simply this Why not simply recommend to
the City Council that they sever this entire
section out of the Zoning Ordinance and
re-craft it as part of the municipal
ordinance on a comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance period and just take this
completely out There should be no need for
Community Development Department weighing in
147
on lighting standards any more than they
should be weighing in on whether the rats or
the garbage cans are properly laid out
outside So I would put the challenge to the
City Councillors and have the Planning Board
come straight out and say that Since were
throwing this ball into your court make this
the best damn municipal lighting ordinance
you can possibly draft and lets take it
right out of Zoning entirely
HUGH RUSSELL Mr John
JOHN HAWKINSON John Hawkinson 84
Mass Ave I just wanted to make explicit I
think an implicit request I heard in
Charlies presentation and that was to the
extent that you request Community Development
do further work on this That you request
that they caucus with Commissioner
Singanayagam and make sure that their
148
recommendations are consistent with his
understanding of enforceability or if not
that theres text explaining how not or why
not
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Does anyone else wish
to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Im just going to
comment on a previous comment and one --
there were several farther back which is if
we are stuck with what the Commissioner of
Buildings thinks he can do with present
staff and the present work rules that may not
be sufficient to protect the population And
so its important to know -- to get Ranjits
take on it because hes you know hes a
very dedicated public servant but at the
same time you know do you have to go beyond
149
that Maybe thats the point
So now we get to the point of trying to
see if we can -- do we have a consensus on
what we would recommend to the Council or do
we have -- I have a feeling were not quite
at a consensus and I dont think were going
to get there But Id be happy to get some
advice from my colleagues
H THEODORE COHEN Im happy to
start I think -- well I think as I
expressed at the last hearing that the
Teague Petition is fundamentally flawed and
overbroad And I had a lot of concerns about
it particularly about you know how you
determine whether theres a violation and
what one does to enforce it And a
grandfathering is a very significant issue in
Zoning I have a litigated cases about it
Ive litigated cases about light and how they
150
fall under Zoning and I could not personally
recommend the Teague Petition as originally
drafted I think that what staff has done
addressed a lot of my concerns and I still
think its overbroad in a lot of areas I
still think that it does not address the
issue fully and certainly doesnt address
the grandfathering issue which I dont think
Zoning can If the rest of the Board felt
comfortable with the Teague with the
revision by CDD I think I could go along
with a recommendation to the City Council
that this was in some sense a stopgap measure
that still had a lot of questions and still
needed to be worked upon and that City
Council ought to hire an expert and probably
the best thing was to have either just a
municipal ordinance or a municipal ordinance
and some waiting reference into the Zoning
151
Ordinance But I do think that this is an
issue you know that needs more thought by
people who are really expert in the field to
determine exactly what will address future
issues and probably more importantly what
can address existing issues that we want to
address and how it does not unreasonably
impact upon the small property owners the
small home owners who are -- Im worried are
all going to be in non-conformance under
this and also what is the best way to
enforce things And you know obviously the
Building Department you know has a limited
budget And you know its going to be up
to the City Council and the City Manager to
decide you know what is the really
important issues that the city is facing and
what they are going to budget for And if
they feel that dealing with this light issue
152
is a primary concern then they may have to
hire more people to deal with enforcement
If they think its less of an important
concern then you know other building
issues then they will appropriately staff
things And so thats where I come out on
this that I personally could not support
recommending the Teague Petition as
originally presented to the City Council with
a lot of reservations I could go along with
a recommendation of what CDD has revised and
subject to further revisions in accordance
with our discussion tonight
AHMED NUR Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Ill be really fast I
do concur everything that Ted just said I
am not also in favor of the proposal and in
favor of recommending to City Council It
153
really needs careful study with experts
When it comes to lighting noise music I
have two daughters that share one room and
the two of them are the opposites One wants
the light off one wants the light on One
wants the music down and so it -- its not
something simple that we can just sit here
and say yay or nay on this
PAMELA WINTERS I agree with my
colleagues I really dont feel comfortable
about voting for the Teague Petition as
drafted I really agree particularly with
what Ted had to say and also Robert Winters
I thought made -- and we are not related I
just want to throw that in
WILLIAM TIBBS I was going to ask
that question
PAMELA WINTERS No we are not
related but I do -- I liked your suggestion
154
of making -- turning this into a municipal
ordinance similar to sound or you know
whatever rather than a Zoning Ordinance And
I think thats about all I had to say So
that was quick
Go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Generally I concur
with all that was said I have two
observations First of all something that
Charlie said really struck me during his
presentation and that is that he conceived
of this as a quick fix As a stopgap in
measuring -- acknowledging that this isnt
really the ideal way to address the problem
That the right way to address it is for the
city to hire an appropriate expert personnel
and to you know put some time and real work
into this and come up with an appropriate
well engineered municipal ordinance Well I
155
guess we all agree that thats the right way
to go The notion of using the Zoning Code
as a quick fix as a stopgap measure sort of
procedurally doesnt seem like the right way
to use Zoning And once adopted it takes on
a life of its own and what if it ends up
being in conflict with what the experts come
up with later It doesnt seem like the
right approach I agree that the approach --
I agree with what has been said by
Mr Winters and the other members here The
way to go is to call upon the City Council to
address this head on in the appropriate and
expert way
My second observation though is Im
blown away to discover that theres already a
provision in the Code which in essence hasnt
been enforced So gosh we can write all
sorts of Zoning Ordinances here Whats the
156
difference what we write if the existing
regulations arent being enforced You know
so it seems to me before we start reinventing
the wheel and making the wheel even fancier
than it already is lets figure out how to
enforce the existing regulation And
actually as written as I look at it it
aint bad It doesnt have all the technical
requirements and references to foot candles
and luminance and so forth but the
principles that it espouse is right on And
frankly if I were to recommend anything as a
short-term stopgap measure well maybe just
make that same provision applicable to other
Zoning Districts as well Boy thats a real
quick fix You know the recommendation
would you know encompass maybe one or two
sentences and you know then you know
lets focus on enforcement and that would be
157
sufficient to hold the fort for a while the
City Council you know addresses this matter
in a more appropriate and professional
manner
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I would
like to agree wholeheartedly with what Steve
just said As much as I -- it really pains
me to think of going into a multi-year or
even multi-month study on this I do think
its the right thing to do I think that
this needs to be done through general
municipal ordinance and that requires time
And I do think that we need to use the tools
that are at our disposal to give some
immediate relief And I would really want to
stress that in the City Council that if that
means appropriating additional funds for
Inspectional Services or whatever it means
that there needs to be some recourse for
158
people to get some relief now while the study
is going on And that you know its the
fact that we havent been able to enforce it
previously does not excuse continuing to do
so while we study a way to do it later
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say I
disagree with -- I agree with what you both
have said
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think what were
discovering in Zoning is a pretty blunt
instrument and these are some pretty fine
issues that are -- that were trying to
figure out how we can control But
nonetheless in my experience almost 20 years
now working pretty intensely with this Code
there are ways in which government works
pretty well the Zoning Board and the Planning
Board I might add and the Zoning Code to
some degree helps to a large degree helps
159
with the way that this community runs And I
really appreciate Steve pointing out the fact
that the Code already has an Ordinance in
there
That not withstanding I believe the
rightful place for at least some components
of this lighting control is within the Zoning
Code Its a physical environments It
relates to the building and it relates to
building science And so youre right the
modified petition is not perfect We have
more suggestions tonight about how to make it
a little better I think it adds adds meat
to the Zoning Code which can be enforced both
with the Building Department and through the
other mechanisms that I referenced here And
so Im generally in favor of sending it up to
the City Council with the recommendations
that came with the first speaker to consider
160
the municipal ordinance to have enforcement
to deal with the issue of grandfathering and
hire an expert to get the actual metrics of
drafting correctly
HUGH RUSSELL So often at this
time we turn to the Stuart and Brian and Jeff
and say okay you got it
JEFF ROBERTS This is one where I
may want to go over some of what was said and
see if thats what is -- what the way things
are intended to go
So is it the -- maybe this is a
question I shouldnt be asking but is it the
Boards consensus -- it seems pretty clear
that the recommendation should include the
recommendation to initiate a process of
developing a more comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance as part of the municipal
code engaging the help of an experienced
161
professional to develop something that has
to help advise on the technical details So
thats that is certainly something that
would be included
In terms of the recommendation on the
Zoning Petition the Board would recommend
the Zoning language the modified Zoning
language that was proposed I know that I
think in the last set of comments there were
maybe different views on what exactly would
be -- would exactly would or should be
included in the text the Zoning text
modifications that are recommended to the
Board Whether it be the fuller set of
changes that was that was sent to the Board
or whether it be a smaller set of changes
only affecting the existing Zoning existing
paragraph of Zoning text
HUGH RUSSELL So I would -- what I
162
heard from my colleagues is that that
Council can consider three different
strategies for an interim regulation that
would be in place to try to help out the way
things are
One is the Teague Petition which we do
not support
The second is the language that youve
drafted and with some modifications based on
our discussion tonight And theres no real
enthusiasm for that because we feel that
primary recommendation of getting municipal
ordinance is the right ultimate solution
If the Council felt they wanted to act
now we would feel -- most of us that
enacting the language was a temporary measure
that might be effective in some cases and
probably wouldnt cause great harm
The third suggestion came from my
163
colleague Mr Cohen which was a very simple
thing to take the 720 regulation and make
it apply citywide as a temporary measure I
think the problem that Council would have to
address in taking that stance is its not
being -- its not being enforced now Is it
not being enforced because it is
unenforceable or is it for some other reason
And that could be a discussion that could be
held between the City Manager and his various
departments and staff about you know if
they were to say well rely on this as a
temporary measure how can we get better
enforcement as to what this actually says
particularly if it were extended to be
citywide
So thats kind of what I heard and I
elaborated a little bit on Steves proposal
In some ways I like Steves proposal the
164
best
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes I do too
JEFF ROBERTS If I could
Mr Chair I mean I think this is a
discussion that maybe came up if you all
remember way back in the original Teague
Petition when the discussion really was
around what is this what is the issue with
the existing Zoning language and what does it
do and what does it not do And we found
that there really were some limitations in
the text and I think that Mr Teague had
really started this process by pointing out
what some of those limitations are
One being that the district only
applies in certain districts which through
enforcement has been taken to -- or at least
cause confusion when theres two adjoining
districts where a business district or a
165
higher density residential district abuts a
lower density residential district and its
not clear what that language is meant to
mean And that could be at the most minor
basic level that could be clarified to say
that any to make sure that its clear that
the effect on any residential property in
those districts is something that should be
enforced for or should be where the Zoning
should be applied and should be -- and
anything should be -- anything that affects
those properties should be reviewed in
compliance Or another step up would be to
as was suggested maybe make it just a
citywide provision which may have certain
impacts on commercial districts and
commercial properties that might not be in
the same level of conformance
HUGH RUSSELL Might be citywide to
166
falling on citywide residential property
H THEODORE COHEN I Jeff the
point you just raised is a concern I have
and you know it may be its a good idea to
amend 723 to make it citywide But Im
wondering if its in the scope of what the
Teague Petition was and what was advertised
because it certainly you know it may be
that it applies to so many other people in
commercial and industrial districts who may
not have come to our hearing or to you know
the Ordinance Committee because they were not
concerned about what they saw as applying
only in residential districts So you know
I think thats something that staff and maybe
the City Solicitors office would have to
review to see whether making such a change
would be within the scope of the petition
And if not then maybe you know we ought to
167
bring -- come back with a very short you
know Planning Board amendment to do that
you know publish it and notify it and let
the citywide have an opportunity to comment
on it And you know coming out of that
maybe what you suggested is that its not
citywide then only you know the impact on
any residential district or any residential
property
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I just want to be very clear that I am
not comfortable with the CDC language as a
stopgap So I just want to make that very
clear
STEVEN COHEN Im just wondering if
a consensus of any sort is reached on the
Board maybe the way to go on this is to
actually start from scratch You know work
on some sort of modification of the existing
168
Section the 723 re-advertise it to make
sure that theres no issues there and ask
the CDD to propose a modification of that
paragraph only this time its an actual
proposal on your part And eventually
perhaps get to the point where its the
Planning Board proposing a Zoning
modification to the City Council which you
know might carry some some extra weight
with the understanding that it is still
something of a stopgap Because maybe that
the appropriate procedure is still to hire
experts and not making our own guesses about
technical matters but you know actually
doing an appropriate study But again I
think the language there is pretty good
And you know with some study on your part
Jeff I think maybe we could arrive someplace
that you know you serve as a pretty good
169
stopgap you know pending adoption of a
full-fledged municipal ordinance
HUGH RUSSELL Speaking against that
notion I would hope that in the 13 days
between now and the City Council midsummer
meeting a cliff notes version of that could
be accomplished I think the Teague Petition
intention was to be effective citywide and
so I think you can probably address Teds
concern of -- because it -- whats under
consideration is a citywide effect Its a
technical legal question and has to be
addressed by the Solicitor but I think
theres some hope that could actually -- and
I think the Council would like to put
something on the books now and rather than
something that we know is going to be interim
or informal So I you know its like I
think part of our difficulty is going to be
170
municipal calendar because as far as I know
-- maybe I can ask Councillor van Beuzekom
are any of the committees of the Council
going to be meeting between now and the
midsummer meeting
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM There
could be a special meeting but theres
nothing planned right now
HUGH RUSSELL Right Okay
So its within the possibility that
this could be advanced somewhere on the
Council level We dont have to come up with
the answer that they can adopt Thats
helpful
STEVEN COHEN The procedure aside
for a moment what about the notion of asking
CDD based on the discussions weve had here
asking CDD to propose a modification of that
provision
171
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I think thats
a productive thing to do
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Say that
again
HUGH RUSSELL And the question is
should we then not forward the language that
Jeff has proposed to us I mean in some
sense its out there in the blogosphere but
if our judgment is that we want a temporary
expedient we want it to be simple then
maybe we should just say draft up the simple
cliff notes version that alters that
paragraph in ways that give it the most --
make it the most effective paragraph that we
can
STEVEN COHEN And I think on a
parallel path not within our power that the
City Council might well call upon the City
Manager to report on the question of
172
enforcement of the existing provision So
you know we understand what the limitations
of enforcement are here And if there are
limitations and there may very well be then
we have to deal with that kind of reality
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I mean I think
there must be limitations because you know
its not city policy to ignore complaints and
not the citizens But they havent been able
to do it So theres something there
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS So I could just make
a suggestion or maybe its more of an offer
that we could within the recommendations --
so as long as the Board has reached some
sense some consensus and some clarity as to
what the substance of what the proposed
change would be to the existing language
that can be drafted and submitted along with
173
the recommendation to the Council We can
also include the Board can include in the
recommendation that the Law Department the
City Solicitor be consulted as long as its
within the scope of the original petition
If its been -- we would confer with the Law
Department on that as well If its
determined that that is okay it could --
that could be moved forward on If not it
could be the Planning Board could opt to
submit that as its own petition to the
Council It would restart the hearing
process but it would it could immediately
be put into the queue And if filed before
if my (inaudible) calendar is correct if
filed pretty much at the beginning of the
fall could still be acted upon by the end of
the Council term
H THEODORE COHEN Can I ask a
174
question
Jeff do you know you know in recent
buildings and commercial and industrial
districts are there outdoor floodlights
JEFF ROBERTS There usually are
If theres a parking facility theres often
you know lighting Exactly what the form of
the lighting is not something that I look at
in great scrutiny in my day-to-day work but
anything with an outdoor parking facility
outdoor walkways equipment entrances well
have well have lighting I think that by
modern standards and you know Ive gone
around looking at different -- as weve been
talking about this as looking at different
buildings and properties around the city to
see what kind of lighting they have and using
the standard can you see the fixtures or can
you see the bulb and you know is anything
175
reflecting is there a -- I think that as you
advance from older structures to newer
structures you find that the lighting starts
to look more like what I think this proposal
intends it to look like But you still do
have those instances where an owner of an
existing building for one reason or another
wants to have better lighting on the parking
lot and they install the most expedient
fixture which is that thats offensive to
neighbors
H THEODORE COHEN Well Im
personally uncomfortable with just doing just
a quick fix and saying lets make 723
applicable citywide without our having heard
anything whatsoever from any commercial or
industrial property owners one way or the
other about that And you know were
trying to avoid grandfathering things but if
176
suddenly were grandfathering parking lots
all over Kendall Square and you know in
lots of other areas of the city maybe thats
the answer but Im uncomfortable doing it
without having a hearing on it thats going
to address that issue So I dont know that
I think that the quick fix to just say make
723 applicable throughout the city is
something that I would support
HUGH RUSSELL So Im looking at
what I believe is the Teague Petition Its
addressed to the honorable City Council and
it says Petition And so I -- looking at
that it seems to me there is language in it
that talks about off-street parking
facilities abutting or facing residential
premises shall not fall under the scope of
the Teague Petition and use his regulatory
language So thats already out there in the
177
proposal
The 723 --
H THEODORE COHEN But still that
language is still referring to only Residence
A B C and C-1 Districts
HUGH RUSSELL I dont believe so
I believe theres another section that refers
to -- so Im looking at this one which I
think is broader And that might be the
limit to which we can go under the Teague --
by implementing Teague
STEVEN COHEN Im sorry isnt the
Teague Petition citywide Am I missing
something
H THEODORE COHEN No because it
was only amended certain -- as I read it it
was only amended certain provisions of the
Zoning Ordinance and adding some additional
language
178
STEVEN COHEN So your read is that
the petition applies only to what
HUGH RUSSELL The parts of the
petition apply to A B C and C-1 Districts
as I read it
STEVEN COHEN Really
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
JEFF ROBERTS Well I believe and
Im looking at it right now and kind of
starting at the beginning and I hope we dont
have different versions of this but the
proposal is to insert -- the main proposal is
on a page which begins Amend the Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Cambridge by doing
the following Insert the following text
after Section 7230 elimination etcetera
And then down at the bottom of the page it
says 722 lighting restrictions for the
City of Cambridge No direct light shall be
179
allowed on any abutting property on any
property abutting an abutting property on
any property across the street from those
properties and on any properties within 300
feet of luminaire and on any street a
property shall explicitly include any
buildings on said property and prohibiting
any direct light from entering the window or
any other openings The luminaire intended
to light a street is allowed to light said
street
H THEODORE COHEN Right I agree
with that But then that does not change --
I mean that just says you cant have light
on abutting property Its you still have
the language in 723 which again talks about
you know no outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 So if were
going to say lets make 723 applicable
180
citywide--
JO M SOLET Can you use the mic
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
If youre saying we cant use 723
applicable citywide then suddenly youre
saying in any non-residential district you
cant have outdoor floodlighting which you
now indicated it probably does exist I
mean this is the problem with you know
trying to you know make a quick fix
amendment to Zoning at the you know the
eleventh hour and trying to come up with
something that we havent really previously
discussed that people havent testified on
one way or the other and maybe thats maybe
thats where we should end up Im just
very very uncomfortable doing it right now
and recommending to City Council that this is
what we think you should do as a quick fix
181
STEVEN COHEN But well Ted --
actually my reaction to what youre saying is
the most shocking part is that at this late
moment on the verge of taking a vote that
were actually not even clear whether the
Petition that weve been talking about for
these last two meetings apply citywide or
only to those residential districts
H THEODORE COHEN Well I think
some things proposed do apply citywide but
some provisions were not being -- did not
apply citywide were not being amended
HUGH RUSSELL I -- some of the
language wasnt being amended but the
structure of the Teague Petition is to say
is to focus on light being cast from fixtures
and it says you cant -- a light cant fall
on somebody elses property citywide
Now 723 talks about a device that
182
accomplishes that or fails to accomplish
that But I think in Teague and if you
will Roberts its still citywide And so
I you know some -- the fact that they --
theyre talking about a light falling on
somebody elses property whether -- I dont
think its any different whether it comes
from a floodlight or a wall pack or not
Its -- thats what was advertised Any
commercial property owner had an opportunity
to read this language and say gee I can no
longer throw light on somebody elses
property And as it happens nobody came and
said that was a problem
H THEODORE COHEN I dont disagree
with that but I dont know that just simply
saying if you make 723 citywide youre not
changing other things And that is why I
suggested --
183
HUGH RUSSELL This is an
architectlawyer discussion
H THEODORE COHEN Right Its an
architectlawyer discussion and I --
HUGH RUSSELL Im thinking an
architect weve got to be able to accomplish
the principle Here the lawyer is saying we
have to actually make the words right I
dont disagree with you
H THEODORE COHEN Correct
STEVEN COHEN And where I agree
with what Ted is saying and the reason I
would send it back to CDD is you know for
us to make a quick judgment here yeah I
said earlier hey all it takes is a sentence
or two Well thats easy for me to say I
would like staff to take a closer look at it
and then sort of work through the
ramifications and then you know whether
184
theyre unintended consequences and so forth
and then come back to us with some sort of a
recommendation But thats the drafting and
the professional who are planning the issue
Youre raising the legal issue of whether
certain interests have received adequate
notice under the law of a change that will
affect them And while I disagree with your
interpretation I think it does apply
citywide I also see that because of Section
723 its at very least ambiguous on what the
Ordinance discovers So Im respectful of
the concern that you raised And as we
talked about it amongst ourselves we werent
clear among ourselves whether this you know
Petition was applicable citywide or only to
these residential districts
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY
Mr Chair
185
STEVEN COHEN So if were not
clear I mean you know what does that say
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I think
that practical implication of both Ted and
Steves comments given that we wont be
meeting again until after the City Council
meeting is that if were going to see
another round of markups from CDD and have a
chance to discuss them then we are not
proposing a specific change to the Zoning
Ordinance for the summer meeting We are not
endorsing the Teague Petition and were
saying that there isnt a quick fix that can
be enacted this summer There may be a quick
fix that can be enacted before the end of
this Council and that we would continue to
try to do But that the long-term goal would
be a citywide lighting ordinance and any
quick fix we are going to propose is language
186
that we still need to work on and theyll be
seeing in the fall
HUGH RUSSELL So do people agree
with that It sounds pretty good to me
H THEODORE COHEN I do
HUGH RUSSELL The only caveat that
I would make is that Council might say hey
were going to ask the Law Department to do
that quick fix in the next two weeks
WILLIAM TIBBS Well thats their
issue
HUGH RUSSELL And if they can
accomplish that they might be able to
accomplish that We cannot
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL Thats the important
part
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL If were going to do
187
it we have to do what she said
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
HUGH RUSSELL So I think we almost
reached -- Ahmed
AHMED NUR We did We did
I also would add that maybe we should
change the language to -- from grandfathering
to grandmothering because lights lights are
actually controlled better laid in the house
Im only kidding
WILLIAM TIBBS Did you get the last
comment I think
JEFF ROBERTS Okay so to recap
the recommendation -- I wont go back over
what you said but the recommendation is what
was just stated regarding -- including the
municipal -- recommendation by the municipal
ordinance advising that you know that the
concerns with the Teague Petition as written
188
the complications with proposing a quick fix
at this point and to and so I guess the
question is is the Planning Board decision
then not to recommend any specific Zoning
text changes to the Council but rather to
suggest that the Planning Board continue to
work on that issue and submit text changes
for the fall term the fall session of the
Council
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
AHMED NUR That sounds good
HUGH RUSSELL I think that except I
would put the work as conditional If the
Council wants us to work on that well put
that on our agenda early in the fall because
they can because they may --
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY They
may preempt us
HUGH RUSSELL They may find a quick
189
fix They may enact Teague All of that is
within their power
Were saying what we can do and we
cant fix it now
STEVEN COHEN And for 50 years of
non-enforcement of the existing provisions I
dont think its the end of the world to wait
a few extra months to do this in a careful
thoughtful
JO M SOLET Can they enforce
whats in place now at least
H THEODORE COHEN Yes
JO M SOLET Do you recommend that
STEVEN COHEN Yes
HUGH RUSSELL We dont generally --
KENNETH TAYLOR Can you make a
recommendation
JO M SOLET Including your
recommendation that there is a law thats not
190
being enforced and while were rewriting it
we would at least like attention to that
HUGH RUSSELL I think we can --
might comment that the Board is unable to
understand why paragraph 720 does not
apparently -- is not able to be enforced
KENNETH TAYLOR Not being enforced
HUGH RUSSELL Thats a statement
which could provide some relief in some
cases it does not seem to be able to be
enforced in -- thats part of the reason we
cant act to fix it because we dont know
whats wrong with it
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Thats
right
STEVEN COHEN But Jo were not
going away
JO M SOLET Im not either I
dont want it to be immortal before I see
191
this
HUGH RUSSELL So I believe we are
now adjourned
JOHN HAWKINSON Councillor van
Beuzekom has her hand up
HUGH RUSSELL Oh Councillor
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM I have one
thing to clarify
HUGH RUSSELL Sure we would be
happy to hear it
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Because I
dont want to by myself to be the sole
conveyor of all the incredible back and forth
between all you guys and between the people
that came to speak So what I dont know is
how much of this draft memo is going to be
shared with the Council Because aside from
what you said this is not out in the
blogosphere People dont really know about
192
this But the -- I think what needs to be
conveyed to the Council is what you dont
like about the Teague Petition So we didnt
really hear that Its kind of in this memo
but you didnt really talk about it You
went straight to CDD making recommendations
that are not going to be forwarded to the
Council But Im hoping that there can be a
write-up in the memo that accompanies the
decision explaining exactly what about the
Teague Petition doesnt work Because it is
citywide and thats what the CDD proposed
There was an attempt to figure out how to
make it more enforceable and Ranjit thought
I can enforce it this way I cant really
enforce it because its too vague the way the
720 is currently written So I think that
would be really valuable to send that
information to the Council
193
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think Mr Chair
at the first hearing we discussed in detail
what specifically were the Boards objections
to the Teague Petition so theres a record
of that in the transcript
HUGH RUSSELL Right And also the
Roberts draft is actually a response to those
points So you can pull out of the draft
what what were the pieces that were being
fixed and why why we felt the need to be
fixed And we can --
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM So it
wont be --
HUGH RUSSELL It wont we wont
give you the Roberts draft but well tell
you whats wrong with Teague because we owe
you that one at least in our opinion
Okay now were adjourned
(Whereupon at 1030 pm the
194
Planning Board Adjourned)
195
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197
C E R T I F I C A T E
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS BRISTOL SS
I Catherine Lawson Zelinski a Certified Shorthand Reporter the undersigned Notary Public certify that
I am not related to any of the parties in this matter by blood or marriage and that I am in no way interested in the outcome of this matter
I further certify that the testimony hereinbefore set forth is a true and accurate transcription of my stenographic notes to the best of my knowledge skill and ability
IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of September 2013
Catherine L Zelinski Notary Public Certified Shorthand Reporter License No 147703
My Commission Expires April 23 2015
THE FOREGOING CERTIFICATION OF THIS TRANSCRIPT DOES NOT APPLY TO ANY REPRODUCTION OF THE SAME BY ANY MEANS UNLESS UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL ANDOR DIRECTION OF THE CERTIFYING REPORTER
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carried [1] - 14513
19717 Certified [2] - 1974 19714
certify [2] - 1975 1978
CERTIFYING [1] -
blood [1] - 1976 9717 9816 994 burden [3] - 6110 carries [1] - 446 19719
blown [1] - 15516 blunt [1] - 15810
10316 1042 11316 1175
11310 14518 burns [1] - 9714
carry [1] - 1689 cars [1] - 10119
chair [14] - 162 2215 399 4019
Board [46] - 24 48 13011 1671 bus [2] - 158 159 case [13] - 56 57 4916 528 8914
52 54 513 814 BRISTOL [1] - 1973 business [6] - 112 119 2415 273 8918 1256 1347
91 919 118 broad [1] - 966 136 137 1312 4719 5517 634 13418 1644
4917 506 508 broader [1] - 1779 1411 16419 646 647 11219 18419 1931
5212 532 5314 6716 6918
broadly [1] - 545 Brookline [2] - 124
BUSINESS [1] - 22 Business [1] - 1402
12719 12913 Cases [1] - 24
Chair [4] - 17 18 474 476
10512 10514 133 button [1] - 6511 cases [7] - 53 55 challenge [1] - 1474
1061 12017 brother [1] - 3515 buttoning [1] - 727 512 14918 chance [2] - 649
12219 1263 12618 1411
brought [12] - 158 2914 3814 3819
buy [2] - 1282 1467 BY [1] - 19718
14919 16217 19010
1859 change [30] - 4612
1441 1475 1509 5119 5616 5713 by-law [1] - 5411 cast [1] - 18116 5413 5414 5417 15817 15818 1616 16114
6217 923 9513 961 1411
BZA [2] - 11415 11910
casting [2] - 8418 8419
565 5614 609 652 813 826
16115 1672 bucks [1] - 467 CATHERINE [11] - 8210 8214 932 16717 1687 17215 1732 17310 1883 1886 1904 1941 19512 1964 19616
BOARD [2] - 12 1961
board [3] - 7916 908 1237
Boards [9] - 2512 5216 5219 5810 612 14015 14110 16014 1933
boards [1] - 1111 Bobrowski [1] - 1153 books [1] - 16916 Boothe [1] - 116 borrow [1] - 4910 borrowed [2] - 5710 5711
bothersome [1] - 426
budget [4] - 11019 1421 15114 15118
build [2] - 173 10211
building [31] - 1211 167 179 2413 2813 2818 3116 3418 361 4013 4114 5613 5614 5615 827 942 943 9414 9716 988 989 9811 10313 10315 11514 1288 1403 1524 1599 15910 1757
Building [13] - 206 896 8910 9214 983 11112 11117 11516 11614 1172 11713 15113
C
C-1 [5] - 62 13614 1775 1784 17918
C-2 [3] - 638 13813 C1 [1] - 633 calendar [2] - 1701 17315
CAMBRIDGE [1] - 12 Cambridge [25] - 16 214 31 33 47 89 138 3711 4112 4516 556 6911 6913 7719 7816 1021 10319 1045 1046 1135 14012 1424 1431 17814 17819
candle [12] - 6118 6515 662 6610
71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
Catherine [4] - 111 44 1974 19713
caucus [1] - 14718 caught [1] - 1087 causing [1] - 13016 caveat [1] - 1866 CAZ [1] - 1962 CD [1] - 1276 CDC [1] - 16712 CDD [14] - 529 1101 1166 11610 12214 15011 15211 1683 17017 17018 18313 1858 1926 19212
CE [1] - 10416
9315 943 1014 1145 11711 11713 1201 1202 1286 16617 17218 17913 1847 18510 1877 1964
CHANGE [6] - 1969 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614
changed [4] - 1287 1288 13716 14515
changes [22] - 816 1711 332 579 7915 8016 921 924 10812 1229 12210 1271 1281 13419 1352 1371 16115 16116
1885 1887 17814 17819 1552 15517 8315 1026 651 8311 8813 19512 19617 18018 1856 15815 15818 comfortable [6] - 8817 10311
changing [7] - 755 Citys [3] - 592 1593 1598 7616 9616 1236 10316 1189 7511 8210 988 6518 1412 15914 15010 15310 complaints [1] -10516 13213 citywide [26] - 628 code [5] - 9914 16712 8312 18218 635 1633 16316 12715 1287 coming [2] - 1464 complaint-driven [2]
Chapter [2] - 548 16515 16519 1309 16019 1675 - 641 8813 696 1661 1665 1674 codes [1] - 1287 comment [16] - 4510 complaints [9] -
characterize [3] - 1677 1698 coffee [1] - 242 494 5810 6117 7611 834 1042 3710 726 981 16911 17515 Cohen [5] - 18 110 6217 6414 754 12619 14112
charging [1] - 13217 17713 1801 43 44 1631 7618 907 10210 14412 1456 CHARLES [4] - 1081 1805 1817 COHEN [59] - 76 87 1274 14810 1728
1085 1265 18110 18112 913 101 1018 1674 18712 complete [1] - 10718 12611 18118 1823 185 3217 459 1904 completed [1] - 1956
Charles [3] - 213 18217 18410 5016 712 7214 commentary [1] - COMPLETED [1] -1086 11116 18416 18518 739 7315 7318 1152 19517
Charlie [1] - 15410 19212 7417 8717 885 commented [1] - completely [2] - 375 Charlies [1] - 14715 Citywide [1] - 15 8912 9019 9219 8114 14618 children [1] - 1469 claim [1] - 1449 938 9313 9417 comments [18] - complexities [1] -
choice [1] - 4219 clarification [3] - 957 9512 963 5115 5216 5219 12212
choicest [1] - 1417 387 3812 3815 9818 1017 1065 882 9018 10014 complexity [1] - 887
chop [1] - 485 clarified [2] - 866 1347 1375 1499 10016 10310 compliance [8] - 954
chose [1] - 12819 1655 1547 1662 10719 12412 9511 9513 9610
CHRIS [4] - 3513 clarify [5] - 569 16715 17015 1252 1255 1315 9817 995 13219
3517 3610 3614 5613 6010 1265 17116 17211 14015 14315 16513
Chris [1] - 3514 1918 17319 17512 1619 1855 complicated [1] -
Christmas [1] - 8710 clarifying [2] - 657 1773 17712 commercial [10] - 1242
Chronicle [1] - 89 1066 17715 1781 3412 3414 997 complications [1] -
church [1] - 103 clarity [2] - 579 1786 17912 1439 16516 1881
Circadian [1] - 1339 17216 1803 1811 1819 16517 16610 complies [1] - 746
circumstances [1] -463
cities [1] - 629 citizens [2] - 1135 1729
CITY [1] - 12 city [20] - 397 5815 7718 8118 10117 1059 12213 1296 12912 13116 1338 13818 1418 14318 15117 15416 1728 17416 1763 1768
City [41] - 113 23 214 31 33 414 5511 5816 592 716 7918 8111 1013 1021 10413 12819 14613 1475 15012 15015 15115 1529 15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 16310 16616 1688 1695 17118 1734 17612
clauses [2] - 1095 10910
clear [17] - 494 515 586 727 7215 7410 8812 11012 12216 16014 1653 1656 16711 16714 1815 18415 1852
clearer [2] - 5312 1392
clearly [2] - 389 922 clerical [1] - 6115 clients [1] - 1057 cliff [2] - 1696 17112
clock [1] - 1086 close [8] - 2018 2418 2614 424 481 1283 13012 1431
closely [2] - 244 1071
closer [4] - 615 2812 677 18317
clothing [1] - 77 Code [16] - 694 6914 701 8314 924 962 1096 1097 12711
18215 1833 18310 18311 1851 1865 1895 18912 18914 19016
coincidence [1] -2310
colleague [1] - 1631 colleagues [8] - 612 102 391 4714 902 1498 15310 1621
COLLING [47] - 1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
Colling [1] - 1115 color [1] - 1468
1743 17516 18210
Commission [1] -19716
Commissioner [7] -896 8911 983 11112 11516 14718 14812
Committee [2] -10919 16612
committees [1] -1703
committing [1] -1422
common [1] - 188 COMMONWEALTH [1] - 1972
community [3] - 161 11113 1591
Community [9] - 113 115 23 1273 13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
comparing [1] - 5715 compel [2] - 561 565
complain [1] - 7517 complaining [1] -836
complaint [8] - 641
compliment [1] -7619
comply [2] - 9416 952
components [1] -1596
comprehensive [3] -1453 14616 16017
compromise [1] -4615
con [1] - 1404 conceived [1] -15411
concept [2] - 3718 404
concern [22] - 2615 2717 4415 465 4716 595 635 739 7312 7318 7815 7818 966 11710 1232 13212 1331 1521 1524 1663 16910 18413
concerned [19] - 397 4718 591 763 765 7718 7719 795 8019 824 825 831 838 8313 8611
combination [2] -
4
14111 14218 1434 16613
concerns [13] - 268 418 4418 451 497 5012 769 9615 9619 1219 14913 1504 18719
concur [7] - 4019 4117 423 8918 901 15217 1547
condenser [8] -4416 4510 4511 4514 4515 4517 466 4618
condition [6] - 314 401 453 789 12713 1281
conditional [1] -18813
conditioner [1] - 454 conditioning [4] -309 316 417 425
conditions [2] - 918 507
condoized [1] - 1810 confer [3] - 13112 1369 1736
confident [1] - 9616 confines [1] - 812 confirm [1] - 3819 confirmed [1] - 311 confirming [1] - 4016 conflict [1] - 1557 conform [5] - 6510 7119 737 9815 1309
conformance [11] -5616 607 611 612 617 962 9718 13012 1396 15110 16518
conforming [27] -1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 603 7017 7110 7910 816 922 9218 9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1365 1396
conformities [2] -333 9116
conformity [10] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 935 973 978 979 992
confused [4] -12118 1292 1343 1345
confusing [1] - 8215 confusion [3] - 631 10715 16418
congratulate [1] -4115
Connolly [2] - 111 45
CONNOLLY [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
conscious [1] - 1146 consciously [1] -1125
consensus [5] -1493 1496 16014 16716 17216
consequences [3] -5812 14210 1841
consider [5] - 993 10114 1031 15919 1622
consideration [4] -6312 6519 10413 16911
considerations [1] -5315
considered [3] -1031 1073 1363
considers [1] - 1407 consistent [3] - 626 868 1481
constitutes [2] - 826 1355
constructed [1] - 211 construction [8] -915 917 109 1011 1012 136 291 829
constructive [1] -510
consult [1] - 1166 consultant [1] - 8116 consulted [2] - 409 1734
contact [1] - 382 content [1] - 12413 context [2] - 1055 10516
continuance [1] -14110
continue [7] - 1814 322 324 5513 1398 18516
1886 Continued [2] - 219 219
continues [1] - 632 continuing [2] - 153 1584
continuous [5] - 734 1069 10614 1073 1074
CONTROL [1] -19719
control [4] - 3713 7813 15813 1597
controlled [1] - 1879 conventional [1] -504
conversation [2] -323 901
conversations [2] -5010 982
Conversion [1] - 28 conversion [2] - 195 1919
convert [4] - 27 1315 1415 4919
converted [2] - 3314 1406
conveyed [1] - 1922 conveyor [1] - 19113 convince [1] - 10315 copy [1] - 1956 core [2] - 6318 8018 corner [3] - 63 133 177
correct [14] - 1619 182 1819 1916 211 236 253 3316 11917 13415 13417 13811 17315 18310
correction [1] - 1965 corrections [2] -19512 19617
correctly [5] - 794 9914 1023 1294 1604
cost [1] - 467 costs [3] - 9816 14213 14215
Council [50] - 412 414 526 688 716 7918 1102 1231 12311 12314 12319 1249 12517 12519 1412 14613 1494 15012 15016 15115 1529
15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 1622 16214 1634 1688 1695 16915 1703 17012 17118 1731 17312 17318 17612 18018 1856 18516 1867 1885 1889 18814 19117 1922 1928 19219
COUNCILLOR [5] -1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
Councillor [3] -11515 1702 1916
councillor [1] - 1914 Councillors [1] -1475
counter [1] - 4316 country [1] - 7816 couple [6] - 411 2411 3518 7716 9818 13317
course [1] - 9713 Court [1] - 11415 court [1] - 1477 cover [3] - 484 12915 12916
covered [3] - 1717 4714 545
covers [2] - 1011 576
craft [1] - 14615 Craigy [2] - 12615 12617
crane [1] - 11316 create [5] - 214 32 286 5311 809
creates [1] - 7314 creating [3] - 303 804 856
creatures [1] - 12019 credit [1] - 7817 criticism [1] - 511 critique [3] - 10719 1082 1084
crossed [1] - 10617 crushed [1] - 289 curb [1] - 1282 curious [1] - 841 current [2] - 818 1355
cut [2] - 10410 1283 cyclists [1] - 10118
D
dally [1] - 479 damage [1] - 2616 damn [1] - 1478 dark [2] - 2216 1043 Dash [1] - 116 DATE [1] - 1961 date [3] - 911 13710 1966
daughters [1] - 1533 day-to-day [1] - 1749 days [4] - 285 11815 1694
deal [6] - 6815 7110 803 1522 1602 1725
dealing [5] - 7912 809 1008 1428 15119
decades [1] - 13616 deceased [1] - 135 December [1] - 912 decibel [1] - 461 decide [6] - 525 11813 12016 1244 12519 15116
decision [6] - 1133 11811 11815 1261 1883 19210
decisions [1] - 1157 deck [7] - 149 2611 301 347 348 3411 357
decker [2] - 1216 1217
decorative [1] - 1079 dedicated [2] - 3319 14818
deemed [2] - 766 1004
deer [1] - 13318 defer [1] - 917 define [1] - 4017 defined [4] - 217 1141 1142 1203
defining [2] - 3815 12010
definitely [1] - 4715 definition [4] - 7710 8212 944 11618
definitions [4] - 214 576 735 11413
degree [2] - 15819 delay [1] - 406 delete [2] - 10714 1295
deleted [1] - 6315
5
delivered [4] - 1953 1957 1958 19510
demand [1] - 9812 demarcate [1] - 3116 demolition [1] - 2819 demonstrate [1] -10514
demonstrated [1] -6113
dense [1] - 3719 denser [1] - 1438 density [2] - 1651 1652
Department [13] -718 10416 11117 1166 11614 14619 15113 15915 1733 1737 1868 1954 1959
departments [1] -16311
describe [1] - 186 described [3] - 6017 801 894
Design [2] - 216 1116
design [1] - 4115 desire [2] - 94 14411
desired [2] - 9710 9719
despite [2] - 1089 detail [2] - 645 1932 details [5] - 403 408 5013 11913 1612
detectors [1] - 10612 deteriorated [1] -1516
deterioration [1] -177
determination [1] -752
determine [4] - 8312 8411 14915 1514
determined [3] - 211 2712 1738
develop [4] - 2913 14318 14319 1611
developed [2] - 2911 3113
developers [1] -14214
developing [1] -16017
Development [8] -113 115 23
13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
development [2] -703 1419
Developments [1] -1273
deviate [1] - 5317 device [1] - 18119 diagram [2] - 786 791
dialogue [1] - 2514 diameter [1] - 1049 diametric [1] - 4013 difference [4] - 4513 469 1299 1561
differences [1] -1105
different [26] - 2415 2416 5419 552 624 625 6916 7018 8412 9015 9410 9411 1109 1142 12013 12019 1225 12211 12219 16110 1622 17414 17415 17811 1827
differently [2] - 197 392
difficult [4] - 5910 5913 6517 1414
difficulty [1] - 16919 dilly [1] - 478 dimensional [2] -816 505
dimensionally [2] -331 504
diminished [1] -1048
diminishing [1] -1416
direct [6] - 736 1069 1115 1389 17819 1798
DIRECT [1] - 19719 Direct [1] - 215 direction [2] - 865 8919
DIRECTION [1] -19719
directions [1] - 3912 directly [2] - 244 6015
directness [1] - 579 disagree [4] - 1587 18215 1839 1848
discomfort [1] - 756 discover [2] - 13215
15516 discovering [1] -15810
discovers [1] - 18412 discretionary [1] -5313
discuss [4] - 3215 3917 4010 1859
discussed [4] - 507 1227 18014 1932
discusses [1] - 707 discussion [13] -5019 5112 1092 10918 12319 13816 15213 16210 1639 1645 1647 1832 1834
discussions [3] -416 10711 17017
disposal [2] - 1459 15714
distance [4] - 1512 455 457 4512
distinction [2] - 996 9911
distribution [3] -1610 1611 1968
District [5] - 817 818 1314 505 1402
district [6] - 16415 16419 1651 1652 1678 1806
Districts [6] - 34 13614 13813 15615 1775 1784
districts [20] - 625 6212 6213 633 637 12918 12919 1383 1388 13815 1417 16416 16419 1658 16516 16610 16614 1744 1818 18417
divide [2] - 198 226 division [1] - 13310 DO [1] - 1965 Doctor [1] - 1428 document [1] - 574 documents [1] -14515
DOES [1] - 19718 dog [1] - 1177 done [15] - 264 2913 436 448
4413 522 7018 886 919 11919 12411 13219 1503 15711
door [4] - 1712 2114 442 6615
doubt [2] - 13114 13312
down [21] - 173 176 2218 485 566 669 8518 865 11111 11117 11514 11515 11613 11615 1173 1183 12011 13819 14315 1536 17817
downwards [1] - 895 draft [9] - 5213 5214 5217 1479 17111 19116 1937 1938 19315
drafted [5] - 7915 1503 15312 1629 17219
drafting [3] - 12510 1604 1843
drawing [2] - 217 3013
drawings [1] - 917 drink [1] - 3417 drive [1] - 761 driven [2] - 641 8813
driveway [10] - 94 95 145 146 1413 1715 8612 8617 1128 1283
driveways [1] -10611
duration [1] - 1012 during [6] - 9712 9713 1063 13319 13515 15410
Dwelling [1] - 210 dwelling [3] - 210 1310 503
dynamics [1] - 10116
easy [3] - 672 11315 18316
echo [1] - 902 edges [1] - 12916 Edmunds [1] - 1087 educational [1] -14219
effect [7] - 152 287 782 1064 14312 1657 16911
effective [4] - 7813 16217 1698 17114
efforts [2] - 918 1218
egress [1] - 149 eight [7] - 111 4217 475 4814 4818 494
either [9] - 495 615 11812 11814 1309 14114 14410 15017 19018
elaborated [1] -16318
Electrical [1] - 9215 electricity [1] - 1467 elements [3] - 10815 10817 1126
eleventh [1] - 18012 elimination [1] -17816
emphasis [1] - 773 empire [1] - 129 empty [1] - 518 enable [1] - 546 enabling [1] - 685 Enabling [1] - 719 enact [1] - 1891 enacted [2] - 18514 18515
enacting [1] - 16216 enactment [1] - 1051 enclave [1] - 2614 encompass [1] -15617
encompassing [1] -9210
encourage [4] - 613 712 4617 14317
end [10] - 97 629 7118 7713 1159 12014 17317 18016 18515 1897
endorsing [1] -18512
ends [1] - 1556 enforce [21] - 5910 7011 1071
E
e-mail [2] - 1014 1323
early [1] - 18815 easel [1] - 1112 easier [1] - 6711 easily [1] - 498 east [2] - 2016 4813
6
11112 11217 1109 1142 7217 19210 222 4112 10313 11517 11813 14710 except [3] - 12814 explanations [1] - fancier [1] - 1564 11814 1291 entirety [1] - 1355 18812 19616 905 far [4] - 1325 14518 12911 14116 entitled [1] - 7714 exceptions [4] - 589 explicit [2] - 11413 1462 1701 14319 1441 entrance [1] - 3116 5812 9212 14713 fast [1] - 15216 14916 15112 entrances [1] - 10710 explicitly [2] - 11013 favor [5] - 511 514 1566 1583 17411 excuse [3] - 13019 1796 15218 15219 18910 19215 entry [1] - 1717 13418 1584 expressed [2] - 464 15917 19216 enumerated [1] - exempt [1] - 1068 14911 favorably [1] - 1102
enforceability [1] - 1388 exercise [1] - 906 extend [1] - 277 fee [1] - 11817 1482 environment [3] - exist [1] - 1808 extended [1] - 16315 feedback [1] - 678
enforceable [1] - 381 10213 1033 existed [1] - 12818 extension [4] - 910 fees [1] - 1131 19214 environmental [1] - existence [5] - 5412 2113 5415 5416 feet [9] - 192 1912
enforced [15] - 6015 7815 5717 1002 extensive [2] - 109 4217 4317 4319 6916 11411 environments [1] - 12712 12713 5811 4818 744 7510 12716 12717 1598 existing [45] - 27 extent [7] - 553 1795 15518 1562 equipment [2] - 172 175 1710 5919 9019 9112 fell [1] - 95 15914 1636 14118 17411 184 1812 2018 9315 13011 fellow [3] - 464 1637 1659 1901 equivalent [2] - 855 222 3315 369 14716 4917 7916 1906 1907 1408 3610 3815 544 exterior [4] - 2617 felt [3] - 1509 19011 era [1] - 14513 561 566 5611 3010 948 10511 16214 19310
enforcement [33] - Errata [4] - 1952 6218 7012 7110 external [2] - 1155 few [3] - 467 915 5313 5912 5914 1955 19513 7114 806 953 1178 1898 6317 641 644 1967 956 973 977 extra [2] - 1689 field [1] - 1513 6411 7018 759 ERRATA [3] - 1951 9814 1149 1188 1898 figure [4] - 627 832 8813 9115 19517 1963 12011 1282 extremely [2] - 4518 1565 15813 9319 985 1106 errata [1] - 1966 1308 13113 466 19213 1118 1119 espouse [1] - 15611 13214 13411 eye [1] - 667 figures [1] - 1131 11115 11118 essence [1] - 15517 1516 1561 1566 file [2] - 6419 14411 11518 1204 13819 1394
essentially [4] -5817 929 9317
16117 1649 16719 1721
F filed [2] - 17314 17316
14114 1522 15619 1601 16314 16417 1721 1723 1896
enforcer [1] - 11612 enforcing [2] - 586 888
engage [1] - 1246 engaging [1] - 16019 engineered [1] -15419
engineers [2] -10211 10810
enhancement [1] -1519
enjoy [1] - 784 enjoyment [2] -11214 1413
enlargement [2] -9412 9414
enlarging [1] - 957 enormous [1] - 4512 enter [1] - 148 entering [2] - 10613 1798
enthusiasm [1] -16211
9918 established [2] - 696 13517
establishment [1] -1382
estate [1] - 74 et [1] - 213 etcetera [5] - 2610 1069 17816
evening [3] - 46 121 2314
eventually [2] - 6812 1685
everywhere [1] -9613
evidence [1] - 616 exacerbated [1] -333
exactly [8] - 813 10917 13617 1514 16110 16111 1747 19210
examine [1] - 6911 example [4] - 6912 10214 14211 1467
17218 1757 1896
expand [2] - 12913 12916
expanding [1] - 1041 expansiveness [1] -9516
expedient [2] -17110 1759
expense [1] - 1186 experience [4] - 386 7014 912 15814
experienced [2] -1191 16019
expert [8] - 6818 914 1114 15016 1513 15416 15514 1603
expertise [4] - 10416 10418 14115 14118
experts [7] - 10414 10811 1121 1339 1531 1557 16813
expiration [1] - 911 expire [1] - 10911
facade [3] - 63 488 4812
facilitate [1] - 601 facilities [1] - 17616 Facilities [1] - 216 facility [2] - 1746 17410
facing [4] - 1111 1026 15117 17616
fact [10] - 568 604 766 792 8115 8216 12716 1583 1592 1824
factors [1] - 582 failing [1] - 14215 fails [1] - 1821 fairly [1] - 3016 fall [8] - 1501 17317 17617 18117 1862 1888 18815
falling [2] - 1661 1825
falls [1] - 944 familiar [1] - 241
filled [2] - 69 713 final [5] - 9912 11815 11816 11915 1302
findings [1] - 506 fine [5] - 2515 6713 10417 1138 15811
finish [1] - 1386 finished [1] - 1132 firm [1] - 1093 firs [1] - 3518 first [23] - 48 2310 248 283 5018 576 6818 693 714 7116 799 8114 8818 908 9118 10216 10219 12614 13110 1349 1549 15919 1932
firsthand [1] - 7010 five [1] - 1449 fix [18] - 615 11016 11510 15412 1553 15616
entire [3] - 1012 examples [3] - 6919 Expires [1] - 19716 families [1] - 9910 17514 1767 12912 14613 7010 10912 explain [1] - 12711 family [7] - 122 18010 18019
entirely [4] - 2817 exceed [2] - 723 explaining [2] - 1483 1317 1416 1518 18513 18515
7
8 18519 1869 1739 15816 657 6717 7313 hearing [15] - 118 1881 1891 1894 forwarded [1] - 1927 grain [1] - 10417 814 8219 881 5114 5218 5315 19012 four [1] - 1039 grandfather [2] - 913 981 9912 683 8114 1011
fixed [2] - 19310 fourth [1] - 1056 1122 1157 10013 1075 11819 1399 19311 fox [1] - 13318 grandfathered [6] - 12118 1551 1436 14911
fixing [1] - 6812 framework [2] - 554 1139 11410 1882 16611 17312 fixture [17] - 793 5514 1285 1328 guesses [1] - 16813 1765 1932 827 8211 8213 8616 921 923
frankly [3] - 4510 4612 15612
13810 14512 grandfathering [19] -
guy [2] - 1191 11911
hearings [1] - 5714 HEARINGS [1] - 26
926 933 11010 free [1] - 662 9611 1099 1106 guys [4] - 1192 hedge [8] - 2418 11012 11315 11716 1307
friendly [1] - 1262 frivolous [6] - 7611
11013 1137 1167 1207 1208
1195 12016 19114
276 2918 429 4315 448 4818
13010 13016 17510
834 835 837 14112
1278 12817 1332 1394 1451 H
495 hedges [1] - 414
fixtures [8] - 567 FROM [1] - 1613 14917 1508 hedging [1] - 4212 602 603 6014 10516 11714 17418 18116
flashing [2] - 10118 1074
flawed [1] - 14912 fledged [1] - 1692 floodlight [1] - 1828 floodlighting [3] -13613 17917 1807
floodlights [1] - 1744 floor [4] - 211 63 283 851
focus [3] - 2910 15619 18116
folks [3] - 397 496 13216
follow [1] - 10011 Following [1] - 219 following [4] - 214 5213 17815
foot [22] - 126 1715 199 2113 4810 4814 495 6118 6514 6515 6610 723 7217 749 842 852 855 8517 1025 11912 1569
footprint [1] - 2817 FOR [1] - 12 foregoing [1] - 19616 FOREGOING [1] -19717
form [2] - 5217 1747
former [1] - 7014 fort [1] - 1571 forth [5] - 1028 15610 1841 19113 1979
forward [10] - 3819 4119 4913 5516 6410 6413 807 12318 1716
front [4] - 146 1711 3519 8613
full [2] - 1102 1692 full-fledged [1] -1692
fuller [1] - 16114 fully [2] - 543 1507 functional [1] - 9715 fundamental [1] -1202
fundamentally [2] -12019 14912
funds [1] - 15717 future [2] - 8010 1514
G
game [1] - 14411 garage [2] - 1212 148
garbage [4] - 302 1197 1473
gate [1] - 8618 gee [1] - 18211 GENERAL [2] - 12 22
general [8] - 539 558 642 7716 8919 915 1291 15711
General [2] - 218 802
generally [6] - 862 971 14517 1547 15917 18915
gesturing [1] - 787 given [2] - 2413 1855
glare [1] - 216 glasses [1] - 516 goal [1] - 18517 gonna [1] - 11813 gosh [1] - 15518 government [1] -
1602 17519 1761 1877
grandmothering [1] -1878
granted [3] - 814 445 1137
grates [1] - 284 Great [1] - 4312 great [18] - 49 3013 3018 329 336 338 339 4111 4216 4419 516 713 714 816 919 16218 1749
greater [2] - 210 553
green [1] - 1216 Green [3] - 1399 13915 1401
Greg [1] - 1115 GREGORY [47] -1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
grey [1] - 13318 grocery [1] - 1511 gross [2] - 211 1911 ground [4] - 63 383 788 864
grow [1] - 4217 grows [1] - 10117 guess [18] - 1019 2411 2815 3311
half [13] - 127 128 1219 139 458 6118 662 6610 723 7217 7518 8116 1405
hand [2] - 1915 19711
handbook [1] - 1153 handle [1] - 11110 hands [1] - 593 hands) [1] - 512 happy [5] - 4416 451 1497 1499 19110
hard [3] - 477 844 11315
hardship [4] - 13211 13215 13216 13218
harm [1] - 16218 harmed [1] - 14311 Harvard [1] - 13310 HAWKINSON [2] -14712 1914
Hawkinson [1] -14712
head [4] - 168 10119 1022 15513
health [7] - 1112 1115 1331 1335 1423 14210 14216
hear [8] - 3016 3017 402 675 12118 1251 19110 1924
heard [14] - 55 5017 6814 12317 12618 13111 13413 14113 1445 14415 14714 1621 16317 17515
HEARING [1] - 12
height [5] - 414 429 4212 4215 14010
held [2] - 5718 16310
help [8] - 8116 1226 1324 13218 13813 16019 1612 1624
helpful [1] - 17014 helps [3] - 1397 15819
hereby [1] - 19617 hereinbefore [1] -1979
hereunto [1] - 19711 hi [1] - 1110 Hi [1] - 1446 HID [3] - 12813 13013 13014
high [5] - 279 6119 629 667 11316
higher [1] - 1651 highlight [1] - 7817 hire [6] - 10414 15016 1522 15416 1603 16812
historian [1] - 13618 historical [1] - 1043 hit [1] - 8018 hold [4] - 8513 1051 1252 1571
home [1] - 1519 homeowner [1] -1183
honorable [1] -17612
hood [1] - 13213 hope [4] - 1158 1694 16914 17810
hopefully [2] - 8818 11511
hoping [4] - 1414
9 679 1266 1928 1835 1863 1866 10310 1111 indulge [1] - 14017 494 1977
horizontally [1] - 863 18612 18616 14816 15117 indulgence [2] - interesting [3] - 785 Hospital [1] - 1127 18619 1873 1523 18616 2513 3119 9110 1215 hot [1] - 1033 18812 18819 importantly [1] - industrial [3] - interests [1] - 1846
Hotel [2] - 89 812 18915 1903 1515 16610 1743 interfere [1] - 3914
hour [3] - 116 1092 1908 1912 1916 impossible [1] - 17517 interim [2] - 1623 18012 1919 1936 10314 inexpensive [1] - 16917
hours [2] - 1192 house [37] - 127
19314 Hugh [8] - 17 42
improper [1] - 1459 improve [1] - 1275
4218 infestation [1] - 1457
interpretation [1] -1849
128 129 1219 139 1310 222 244 2419 2518 269 2617 3017
3118 8011 8319 1212 14413 15214
Hughs [1] - 751
improved [2] - 335 4910
improvement [1] -8017
informal [1] - 16918 information [1] -19219
informed [1] - 13619
interpreted [1] - 9119 interrupt [1] - 1348 interrupted [1] -6712
376 414 437 hundreds [1] - 12714 improving [1] - 2919 initial [2] - 5317 intersection [1] -4315 4318 458 husband [1] - 135 impulse [1] - 1425 8215 1284 4719 489 4810 4816 742 743 I
IN [1] - 19711 inaudible [3] - 1077
initiate [1] - 16016 insert [2] - 17812
invisible [1] - 1716 involve [1] - 933
8612 9419 953 1157 17315 17815 involved [1] - 248 968 1059 10510 10511 1177 1184 1282 1289 1879
houses [1] - 481 hue [1] - 4215 hues [2] - 4216 4217
huge [1] - 10517 HUGH [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693 1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831
idea [6] - 517 2613 338 355 4211 1664
ideal [1] - 15414 ignore [1] - 1728 ignored [1] - 1366 illegally [1] - 1364 illuminance [8] - 581 582 848 8417 851 8515 8517 862
illuminating [1] -1024
illumination [3] -598 7715 11618
Illumination [1] - 33 illustrating [1] - 887 imagine [1] - 13313 imagining [1] - 856 immediate [2] - 5011 15715
immediately [2] -7114 17313
immortal [1] - 19019 immune [1] - 1418 impact [7] - 1514 984 1032 10518 12919 1518 1677
impacted [1] - 12917 impacts [1] - 16516 implementing [1] -17711
implication [1] -1854
implications [2] -1204 1207
implicit [1] - 14714 imply [1] - 632 important [12] -3618 371 396 434 437 9111
inaudible) [2] - 202 484
Inaudible) [2] - 2311 12116
INC [1] - 117 incandescent [2] -12810 12815
incandescents [1] -12812
inches [1] - 1048 inclined [1] - 916 include [6] - 363 364 16015 1732 1796
included [9] - 577 589 596 5918 7914 10618 1614 16112
includes [1] - 1331 including [3] - 9115 18716 18918
income [1] - 1813 incorporate [1] -1219
increase [1] - 592 increasingly [1] -7815
incredible [1] -19113
indeed [1] - 718 Index [1] - 36 indicate [1] - 19512 indicated [2] - 914 1808
indicating [1] -12512
Indirect [1] - 215 indirect [3] - 32 34 734
individual [3] - 654 756 7511
indoor [3] - 596 599 10213
Inspectional [4] -941 9812 14510 15718
Inspector [1] - 206 install [3] - 9215 1759
installed [2] - 562 13611
installer [2] - 6110 6113
installing [2] - 8815 10218
instance [4] - 588 5814 5818 987
instances [2] - 5510 1756
instead [1] - 653 INSTRUCTIONS [3] -1951 19511 1964
instructions [1] -1968
instrument [2] -1046 15811
instrumentation [1] -1206
instruments [1] -11619
insurance [2] - 75 1184
intend [1] - 2916 intended [3] - 722 16011 1799
intends [2] - 6416 1755
intensely [1] - 15815 intensity [1] - 858 intent [2] - 539 7413 intention [1] - 1698 interaction [1] - 382 interest [3] - 3014 413 12619
interested [3] - 2412
inward [1] - 272 issue [32] - 2918 307 4210 5313 541 545 715 773 777 7815 7818 881 1122 11910 12216 1242 1305 1337 13311 13313 14917 1507 1508 1512 15119 1602 1648 1766 1844 1845 18611 1887
issues [11] - 6412 8018 872 1272 1338 1515 1516 15117 1525 15812 1682
item [5] - 48 51 5111 648 1353
iteration [1] - 312 itself [6] - 364 3616 5215 6012 19514 1966
J
jail [1] - 8717 jam [1] - 417 Jeff [25] - 5116 521 529 6712 711 713 7618 797 904 906 9019 10015 10017 10112 1066 1108 1142 12710 1294 13415 1606 1662 16818 1717 1742
JEFF [31] - 528
6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514 9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
Jeffs [2] - 1217 1225
Jo [3] - 1317 1319 19016
JO [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
job [7] - 516 6812 713 714 887 1012 1324
John [2] - 14711 14712
JOHN [2] - 14712 1914
judgment [2] - 1719 18314
July [3] - 13 415 55
jurisdiction [1] - 461 justification [1] -1426
kinds [2] - 9919 1248
kitchen [2] - 4316 4815
knowledge [5] - 319 349 7418 912 19710
known [1] - 1361
L
lab [1] - 1406 lack [4] - 14117 14118
lacks [2] - 14114 1435
ladder [2] - 4318 442
laid [3] - 946 1473 1879
Lamp [1] - 215 lamp [1] - 5910 lamps [1] - 1022 land [1] - 1153 landscape [2] - 2913 4412
landscaping [1] -5013
language [35] - 2816 5516 5517 609 726 7313 765 7914 1015 10115 1225 12317 12318 1264 12914 12916 1617 1618 1628 16216 1649 1653 16712 16816 1716 17218 17614 17619 1774 17719 17916 18114 18211 18519 1877
languages [1] -14610
large [2] - 3016 15819
largely [1] - 5317 larger [1] - 1616 largest [1] - 1043 last [18] - 510 98 4412 5314 715 772 10813 10918 11716 12117 1267 13116 1405 14013 14911 1619 1817 18711
lastly [1] - 1148 late [1] - 1813 law [8] - 5411 559 774 9919 1291 1421 1847 18919
Law [5] - 717 1166 1733 1736 1868
lawful [1] - 12718 lawfully [4] - 5412 12712 12713
laws [3] - 546 548 698
Lawson [1] - 1974 lawyer [1] - 1837 lawyers [1] - 11214 laxer [1] - 1437 layman [1] - 1275 laymens [1] - 845 learned [1] - 13817 lease [2] - 3615 3815
leases [7] - 361 369 3610 4017 4613 4616
least [10] - 666 9318 1042 12913 1596 16417 18411 18911 1902 19317
leave [3] - 9217 1333 1358
leaving [1] - 10613 left [6] - 1210 1217 6116 6311 8213
legal [11] - 151 154 563 6819 922 11211 1169 1365 1396 16912 1845
legitimacy [2] -12719 13112
legitimate [1] - 7516 Lesley [2] - 104 108 less [5] - 1818 192 5312 14311 1523
lesson [1] - 14011 letters [1] - 11812 level [9] - 4517 462 662 7419 753 14219 1655 16518 17012
Li [5] - 134 136 2713 439 4418
Lianne [6] - 212 1118 2718 288 308 499
Liannes [1] - 259 license [1] - 828
License [1] - 19715 life [2] - 9713 1556 Light [2] - 215 215 light [82] - 3115 5113 5611 604 6011 6019 616 663 6614 704 707 7113 736 743 7519 7615 781 7813 7818 8211 8213 849 8413 8414 8416 8417 8419 856 858 8513 8517 8814 893 1025 10219 10414 10516 1072 1073 1074 10815 10817 10818 10819 11011 1113 1114 1115 1124 1129 1138 11311 11312 1143 1147 11518 12011 1307 13115 13214 13315 1388 1389 1429 1432 14312 1453 14919 15119 1535 17819 1798 17910 17914 18116 18117 1825 18212
Lighting [2] - 32 34 lighting [73] - 3111 3113 395 398 3910 3913 5012 544 561 562 566 5611 5615 5815 592 596 599 659 687 703 7016 793 846 8615 8616 898 914 9216 951 953 961 9610 9711 9712 9718 9813 9814 995 10215 10515 1067 10610 1079 10811 1097 1126 11512 11513 11917 1338 13410 13412 13517 1361 13610 1372 1409 14617 1471 1478 1532 1597
16018 1747 1748 17412 17417 1753 1758 17818 18518
lights [22] - 217 3114 3911 8710 10116 10119 10212 1032 1035 10410 10816 1116 1149 11410 1162 1175 12810 13112 13113 1321 1878
limit [1] - 17710 limitations [5] -16411 16414 1722 1724 1727
Limitations [1] - 218 limited [2] - 1002 15113
limits [1] - 1018 Lincoln [1] - 11215 LINE [1] - 1969 line [13] - 1010 2111 2419 261 271 277 455 4610 482 724 745 11217 1353
list [5] - 49 1014 639 10710 12614
listen [2] - 9013 9016
listened [2] - 771 12617
lit [2] - 8117 1129 literally [1] - 296 litigated [2] - 14918 14919
live [4] - 1325 13914 1401 1448
lives [1] - 2311 living [8] - 615 1814 3719 424 1438 14310 14312 14514
Liza [6] - 115 514 617 71 87 1113
LIZA [17] - 414 54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
located [1] - 1044 location [4] - 61 4415 4514 7512
K
Kaya [2] - 89 812 keep [3] - 5316 668 978
Kelly [1] - 11911 Ken [1] - 12616 Kendall [1] - 1762 Kenneth [1] - 12615 KENNETH [9] -12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
key [2] - 4513 1139 KeyWord [1] - 36 kidding [1] - 18710 kids [1] - 77 kind [17] - 286 3012 311 4212 594 651 6511 8413 852 891 9211 1027 16317 1725 17417 1789 1924
10
locations [2] - 1510 1023 15717 15718 2717 308 10318 modified [4] - 5517 671 map [1] - 157 MEANS [1] - 19718 1076 1368 15911
long-term [1] - 18517 March [1] - 1132 meant [6] - 568 Merrimack [1] - 1116 1617 look [22] - 513 103 MARILYN [4] - 5613 631 974 meter [2] - 8511 modify [2] - 33 532 242 2417 298 13912 13916 1159 1653 8514 moles [1] - 1342 305 3714 496 13919 14316 measure [9] - 8414 method [1] - 11010 moment [5] - 509 6213 663 6912 Marilyn [2] - 13912 8510 8511 metrics [1] - 1603 533 1348 17016 6918 815 10619 1401 15013 1553 mic [1] - 1802 1814 1174 11810 Marjorie [2] - 1399 15613 16216 microphone [2] - money [2] - 13218 13117 1567 13910 1633 16313 674 677 14117 1748 1754 1755 mark [1] - 492 measured [2] - 852 midsummer [3] - month [2] - 406 18317 Mark [6] - 2311 863 413 1695 1705 1579
looked [4] - 59 196 2315 4310 4415 measurement [1] - might [39] - 272 months [3] - 411 6919 11610 472 4718 874 293 294 295 915 1898
looking [13] - 5712 MARK [15] - 2314 measuring [1] - 297 4218 447 mood [1] - 393 5715 646 779 258 2519 263 15413 4413 482 4814 morning [2] - 242 7713 788 1061 266 279 2714 meat [1] - 15913 5718 606 7114 1195 17414 17415 2814 305 315 mechanical [1] - 499 782 966 993 mortar [1] - 172 17610 17613 3110 3117 329 mechanicals [3] - 996 1007 1032 most [14] - 77 246 1778 1789 491 493 388 389 3810 10317 1052 3710 4713 597
looks [6] - 105 Marks [1] - 451 mechanism [3] - 10512 10518 7711 9110 9111 2016 253 306 market [1] - 1022 6916 823 8813 1063 1079 16215 1654 761 10812 marks [3] - 254 mechanisms [2] - 12314 1348 17113 17114
lots [1] - 189 19514 1966 819 15916 1435 1437 1759 1813 loud [1] - 4511 markups [1] - 1858 Medical [1] - 13310 15818 16217 mostly [1] - 5210 low [1] - 6210 marriage [1] - 1976 meet [1] - 14515 16517 16519 motion [8] - 4913 lower [2] - 6617 masonry [1] - 178 Meeting [1] - 25 1689 17118 4918 5014 5019 1652 Mass [2] - 701 meeting [14] - 47 1779 1867 511 10117
lowering [1] - 14215 14713 413 415 418 18613 1904 10611 1072 lowest [1] - 662 MASSACHUSETTS 2914 6710 mile [1] - 7518 Mount [1] - 1127 Luminaire [1] - 215 [1] - 1972 13116 1696 mind [4] - 4118 mouth [1] - 14414 luminaire [3] - 664 Massachusetts [6] - 1704 1705 1707 7215 835 10617 move [4] - 3011 1795 1799 15 16 1117 1856 1857 mine [1] - 259 4119 6410 676
luminance [6] - 847 1045 1403 1404 18511 minimal [1] - 746 moved [4] - 106 848 8411 8415 match [1] - 1713 meetings [2] - 11113 minimally [1] - 1514 138 5015 1739 855 15610 material [4] - 289 1817 minimum [4] - 211 movement [1] - 272
lux [2] - 8511 8514 1034 1035 1036 materials [2] - 2716
meets [3] - 1913 732
1818 665 13011 minor [2] - 796
moving [1] - 4511 multi [4] - 999
M 415 matter [11] - 102
MEMBER [2] - 1613 673
1654 minute [3] - 111
10313 1578 1579
magic [1] - 116 magnitudes [1] -10411
mail [2] - 1014 1323 main [1] - 17812 maintain [3] - 5610 9516 973
maintenance [1] -5013
Maintenance [1] -216
major [6] - 1103
4314 6115 14019 1421 1422 14417 1572 1976 1977
matters [4] - 4010 6819 916 16814
maximizing [1] -14214
mean [25] - 3410 384 483 7515 8211 832 839 883 9315 963 9613 10415
Member [7] - 18 19 19 110 110 111 111
members [7] - 121 513 7916 908 9013 1237 15511
Members [2] - 42 4917
memo [5] - 7914 7918 19116 1924 1929
memorialize [1] -
1086 1254 minutes [2] - 479 11914
miscellaneous [1] -706
misgivings [1] -14419
missed [1] - 1436 missing [5] - 7711 7715 785 11413 17713
mistaken [1] - 9913 models [1] - 5719
multi-family [1] -10313
multi-month [1] -1579
multi-unit [1] - 999 multi-year [1] - 1578 multiple [2] - 1449 14610
municipal [20] - 687 11917 1453 14615 14616 1478 15018 1541 15419
1104 1201 10614 1261 1149 modern [2] - 14011 15712 1601 13718 14210 12717 13013 memorialized [1] - 17413 16017 16018
Manager [4] - 113 13912 1644 1163 modification [4] - 16212 1692 15115 16310 1654 1717 1726 memorializing [1] - 16719 1683 1701 18717 17119 17914 1809 1277 1688 17018 Municipal [7] - 547
manager [1] - 23 1852 memory [1] - 9913 modifications [4] - 694 8314 1096 manner [3] - 552 means [5] - 8417 mention [1] - 432 5211 5310 1097 11018 6413 1574 8516 12717 mentioned [4] - 16113 1629 1247
manufactured [1] -
11
Murphy [2] - 113 23 MURPHY [1] - 5015 music [2] - 1532 1536
must [6] - 659 951 14416 1467 1727
N
nails [1] - 12011 name [6] - 1115 2312 352 3514 13919 1446
natural [1] - 9713 nature [1] - 295 nay [1] - 1538 near [1] - 4815 nearby [2] - 159 1510
nearly [1] - 7712 necessarily [3] -5610 6417 7518
necessary [1] - 269 need [21] - 2616 327 387 388 3812 3814 3819 411 6314 9012 9016 9319 10414 11713 12415 12913 12915 14618 15713 1861 19310
needed [1] - 15015 needs [6] - 2912 1512 1531 15711 15719 1921
neighbor [6] - 4419 463 6615 6811 788 878
neighbors [1] - 443 neighborhood [11] -67 1514 1519 2319 11116 1121 11612 1193 1321 13314 13316
neighbors [10] - 384 3913 5819 7612 11211 11212 11419 1457 17511
network [1] - 685 never [3] - 1159 12715 1287
new [25] - 211 214 32 49 84 173 2819 5518 5616 5915 634 6313
703 817 828 9215 958 9716 1184 12110 1309 1368 1369
newer [2] - 602 1752
news [2] - 412 1610 newspaper [1] - 1611 Newton [2] - 701 801
Newtons [1] - 6919 next [13] - 410 51 104 1013 112 416 442 5111 6316 6615 7613 11519 1869
next-door [2] - 442 6615
nice [6] - 304 3718 4114 496 4911 11616
nicely [1] - 11519 night [12] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 10117 10412 11617 11619 1206 1337 13314 1344
nightmare [1] - 8219 nobody [3] - 3218 14511 18213
noise [14] - 2717 287 3015 416 4516 4517 4617 498 6912 7112 1409 14210 1432 1532
Non [2] - 27 28 non [44] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 195 3219 333 337 4919 558 5512 569 5611 602 6213 6819 7110 7910 816 9112 9116 922 9212 9216 973 978 979 992 9919 1005 1009 10510 1073 1074 1285 1286 1364 1396 15110 1806 1896
non-conformance [1] - 15110
non-conforming [23] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 7110 7910 816 922
9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1396
non-conformities [2] - 333 9116
non-conformity [9] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 973 978 979 992
non-continuous [2] -1073 1074
non-enforcement [1] - 1896
non-residential [4] -195 4919 6213 1806
Non-Residential [2] -27 28
non-zoning [2] -6819 1005
nonetheless [1] -15814
Norfolk [2] - 56 714 noses [1] - 296 NOT [3] - 19514 1965 19718
Notary [3] - 1967 1975 19714
notations [2] -19514 1966
note [7] - 619 6414 656 657 734 1043 1964
noted [2] - 7413 19617
notes [4] - 14014 1696 17112 1979
nothing [4] - 4611 4614 1454 1708
notice [1] - 1847 notify [1] - 1673 notion [3] - 1552 1694 17016
nowadays [1] - 4518 noxious [1] - 14311 nuisance [2] - 805 11213
nuisances [1] -11218
number [3] - 210 665 1165
numbering [1] - 575 numbers [1] - 2510 NUR [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
Nur [2] - 111 1917
O 8616 8617 9912 1023 1025 1029 1055 1065 1077 1118 11217 1195 1258 12710 12814 1333 14810 14916 1533 1534 1535 15617 1608 1626 16415 1757 17517 1778 18015 1917 19317
ones [1] - 1414 one-story [3] - 1210 1311 1815
onerous [2] - 994 1186
ones [4] - 2018 214 216 11717
ongoing [1] - 808 open [8] - 225 334 3313 3315 342 3511 3715 5218
opening [1] - 958 openings [3] - 2015 2017 1799
opinion [2] - 6013 19317
opossums [1] - 1343 opportunities [1] -6412
opportunity [3] -4010 1674 18210
opposed [2] - 8316 10218
opposites [1] - 1534 opposition [1] - 403 opt [1] - 17310 order [4] - 535 6715 1058 14016
Ordinance [56] - 214 5410 554 556 594 684 695 6915 705 7011 747 7810 7812 791 802 10919 11018 11217 11816 1247 12411 1279 12816 12911 1306 13416 1352 1356 1357 1358 13510 1362 13615 1374 13712 13713 13716 13717 1381
oclock [1] - 475 OGrady [1] - 13119 objections [1] - 1933 observation [1] -15515
observations [1] -1549
observatory [1] -10410
observed [1] - 6015 obviously [7] - 2615 357 3617 484 7719 963 15112
occupancy [1] - 1181 Occupancy [1] -1186
occupied [2] - 1317 186
occupier [1] - 2315 occupy [1] - 502 occur [1] - 2817 occurring [1] - 3014 October [1] - 2319 OF [7] - 12 673 19516 1972 19717 19718 19719
Off-Street [1] - 216 off-street [1] - 17615 offenses [1] - 706 offensive [1] - 17510 offer [3] - 1007 1335 17213
offering [2] - 12410 12412
office [5] - 73 75 989 1406 16616
OFFICIAL [1] - 118 officials [1] - 12213 often [5] - 11712 1182 1605 1746
old [2] - 601 6313 older [1] - 1752 on-line [1] - 1010 once [3] - 1099 11012 1555
one [68] - 418 59 715 127 1210 1311 154 1719 1815 1913 2015 227 2215 267 2812 3214 379 423 459 4716 5315 541 5510 5618 5916 6414 656 6514 6515 7013 7111 723 804 8213 8513
12
13 1393 1407 overreach [1] - 764 711 718 374 9918 1279 person [7] - 2310 14114 1426 overshadow [1] - 422 428 4216 13317 643 6418 835 14417 14518 4815 4312 456 8319 past [3] - 285 445 11814 12614 1462 14611 owe [1] - 19316 8610 8714 8718 6811 1317 14614 1511 own [7] - 2318 8810 8910 path [4] - 4810 personally [4] -1543 1593 5817 593 14215 13017 1311 9319 11417 6813 1501 1527 16612 17718 1556 16813 14314 1539 17117 17513 17814 18412 17311 15318 paved [1] - 2812 personnel [1] -18511 owned [2] - 134 Pamela [2] - 19 43 pay [3] - 9815 1144 15416
ordinance [25] - 1617 paragraph [11] - 1431 persons [1] - 1438 4516 6913 7112 7113 9915 1004 1097 11512 11513 1372
owner [26] - 1118 1315 1317 1412 1418 186 1811 2315 3619 614
1295 12910 13415 1354 1377 1384 16118 1684
PB282 [1] - 27 pending [1] - 1691 people [38] - 3416 372 3714 382
perspective [3] -8017 9115 9116
Petition [25] - 5113 812 11517 1465
1454 14616 649 6415 6418 17113 17114 383 4717 5116 14912 1502 14617 1478 653 742 755 1905 603 6719 7319 1528 15311 15018 1542 7514 804 805 Paragraph [1] - 217 7516 7912 8217 1616 1626 1647 15419 15712 9311 10315 parallel [1] - 17117 993 1027 1041 1667 1697 1601 16018 16213 1692
10317 13016 1756 18210
parameters [2] - 899 1015
1057 10519 11111 1161
17611 17613 17618 17713
18518 18718 Ordinances [6] -5712 597 5919 623 6619 15519
owners [1] - 744 owner-occupied [2] -1317 186
owners [7] - 562
pardon [1] - 249 park [1] - 5819 parking [23] - 92 145 1411 1417
11613 1175 1206 12419 1345 13813 13815 1433
1816 18115 18416 18512 18719 1923 19211 1934
ORIGINAL [1] - 1958 783 10311 1309 1419 151 153 14312 1458 petition [40] - 217 original [10] - 5516 1518 1519 154 155 201 1513 1522 1581 5311 5317 5319 578 5813 764 17517 432 502 659 1669 18014 5516 564 578 9010 1373 1646 1735 1952 1959
ownership [1] - 188 Oxford [1] - 72
6516 661 6612 6616 1049 1746
1863 19114 19119
5813 626 6310 6319 656 6514
originally [5] - 9612 17410 1758 peoples [1] - 3710 8112 821 9010 9918 1372 1502 1529
P 1761 17615 Parking [2] - 29 216
per [3] - 211 192 855
9517 10014 10619 11611
otherwise [3] - 4710 606 1147
ought [3] - 1251 15016 16619
ourselves [2] -18414 18415
outcome [2] - 9710 1977
pm [2] - 14 19319 pack [3] - 417 681 1828
package [2] - 2613 5212
packs [1] - 6810 PADEN [17] - 414
part [20] - 2217 245 6913 6914 9915 10419 10517 13416 14417 1452 1465 14611 14615 16018 1685 16817 16919
percent [2] - 1209 perfect [3] - 7712 12414 15911
perhaps [5] - 613 998 12710 1381 1686
period [2] - 1002 14617
12012 12017 1217 12116 1221 1224 12214 1231 12311 12513 1267 1271 1357 15911 16618 1735 17311
outcomes [1] - 1105 outdoor [14] - 3111 3113 3618 4012 4614 598 10213 10610 13613 1744 17410 17411 17917
54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
Paden [1] - 115
1813 18617 19011
participate [1] - 1441 participated [1] -1101
particular [8] - 818 273 541 5719
permanent [1] - 1067 permeability [1] -415
permeable [1] - 2811 permissible [1] - 210 permission [2] - 445 891
1782 1784 petitioner [2] - 6018 10014
phone [1] - 1093 phonetic [1] - 13911 photo [2] - 2612 895
1807 outgrow [1] - 483 outside [3] - 6513 9811 1474
overall [6] - 1011 5310 553 5514
PAGE [2] - 19516 1969
page [13] - 574 576 585 5917 608 6112 6316 658 1352 17813
646 7512 876 14016
particularly [7] - 67 417 424 12212 14914 15312 16315
Permit [14] - 27 814 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 9214 9215 1172 11713
physical [2] - 6014 1598
picture [1] - 1124 piece [7] - 4412 5618 816 833 1052 12511
5618 6016 overbroad [2] -14913 1505
overhang [2] - 1715 2113
Overlay [1] - 816 overlook [1] - 245 overly [1] - 966
17817 Page [3] - 219 572 1967
pages [1] - 573 pains [1] - 1577 painting [2] - 2610 968
PAMELA [24] - 514 65 611 616 79
parties [3] - 281 7710 1976
parts [1] - 1783 party [4] - 262 759 787 1957
pass [2] - 1235 1276
passed [4] - 915
permit [5] - 210 911 314 941 1016
Permits [1] - 758 permits [1] - 12817 Permitted [1] - 31 permitted [3] - 1001 1068 10615
1332 pieces [1] - 1939 pitch [1] - 8619 pitches [2] - 10815 10817
place [6] - 167 1245 1333 1596 1624 18911
placed [1] - 1111 portion [4] - 2812 primarily [1] - 498 1797 proposing [14] -places [3] - 5717 666 1353 13818 primary [4] - 2910 pronged [2] - 802 1315 141 144 1064 1415 portions [2] - 215 1425 1521 8616 1417 174 179
plan [25] - 1011 1351 16212 proper [2] - 752 1710 1714 183 1719 187 2317 position [1] - 12111 principle [2] - 6017 1096 1261 1262 1687 2417 2418 255 possibility [2] - 2413 1837 properly [1] - 1473 18510 1881
2619 2815 292 17010 principles [1] - properties [9] - 1215 prospective [1] -2912 2916 3011 possible [11] - 5319 15611 1218 1717 782 9113 3111 3113 339 601 6815 9211 privacy [2] - 275 16512 16517 protect [2] - 14216 3910 3915 4111 9717 9718 9911 3617 17416 1794 14815 7015 9813 9815 13011 13012 private [7] - 3319 property [70] - 1319 proved [1] - 823 10517 10518 1416 1437 3618 376 377 142 144 154 provide [7] - 3910 1176 possibly [3] - 5811 3712 3717 3914 156 1813 2017 5418 615 645
planned [4] - 4818 1077 1479 privatization [1] - 2019 2111 223 6412 9211 1909 14110 1447 postpone [1] - 1246 14212 2218 233 241 providing [1] - 155 1708 potentially [2] - 611 pro [1] - 808 245 2419 257 provision [13] - 559
PLANNING [2] - 12 7414 pro-active [1] - 808 258 259 2517 5815 5915 642 1961 power [3] - 1005 problem [19] - 615 261 271 276 704 767 1078
Planning [21] - 47 17117 1892 686 719 7913 277 3317 3510 1298 15517 814 91 919 powerful [1] - 12812 803 8019 1099 443 455 4610 15614 16515 118 5314 5810 practical [3] - 4313 12115 12119 482 489 5014 17019 1721 12016 12219 11710 1854 1221 1223 562 614 6416 provisions [4] - 571 12618 1475 pre [3] - 7012 7110 13015 13210 6418 653 6611 17717 18111 15817 1672 1068 14218 1459 708 724 736 1896 1687 17310 pre-exempt [1] - 15414 1634 742 744 745 provocative [1] -1883 1886 1941 1068 1809 18214 755 7514 783 1314 19512 1964 pre-existing [2] - problematic [1] - 784 804 805 Public [4] - 14510 19616 7012 7110 12215 9311 10312 1967 1975
planning [4] - 303 predicate [1] - 1143 problems [5] - 679 1128 13810 19714 311 446 1844 preempt [1] - 18818 1216 12111 1414 1518 1657 public [17] - 103
plans [6] - 59 3018 preference [2] - 402 1226 1463 1661 1679 118 209 239 7014 1175 1179 12316 procedurally [1] - 17517 1791 5114 5713 5819 1182 premise [1] - 1202 1554 1792 1793 1796 595 6718 9014
plant [1] - 448 premises [1] - 17617 procedure [2] - 1797 17915 1112 12619 plantings [2] - 267 2619
pleased [1] - 304 plighting [1] - 8712 podium [1] - 2312 point [21] - 215 2115 2118 3518 6410 6519 6714 724 8415 8519 867 926 9314 1056 1077 1259 1491 1492 1663 1686 1882
pointed [2] - 895 1108
pointing [2] - 1592 16413
points [3] - 4714 796 1938
police [1] - 1005 policy [2] - 1184 1728
poor [2] - 839 8910 population [2] -1424 14815
porch [1] - 7614 porches [1] - 10611
prepared [1] - 3916 present [3] - 5813 14813 14814
presentation [5] -515 903 12211 14715 15411
presented [1] - 1529 presenting [1] - 521 Preston [2] - 111 44 PRESTON [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
pretty [12] - 6811 9616 12412 15810 15811 15815 15817 16014 16816 16819 17316 1864
prevents [1] - 735 previous [3] - 281 11418 14810
previously [2] -1584 18013
16812 17015 proceed [2] - 3119 527
process [26] - 203 204 207 249 2911 407 645 648 7610 8118 10013 1016 10311 10419 10917 10918 11414 11510 1168 1188 12014 12113 1247 16016 16413 17313
process-wise [1] -10013
produce [1] - 1036 produces [1] - 10217 productive [1] - 1712 professional [4] -868 1573 1611 1844
professionals [1] -11018
profit [1] - 14212 prohibiting [1] -
18118 1826 18210 18213
propertys [1] - 134 proponent [5] - 1617 3312 388 3910 9010
proponents [1] -9612
proposal [18] - 1513 195 2914 3216 338 9012 937 1013 1014 1277 15218 16318 16319 1685 1754 1771 17812
propose [4] - 452 1683 17018 18519
proposed [20] - 221 267 3319 5211 533 539 568 5716 7118 9314 9517 12413 1358 1367 1368 1618 1717 17217 18110 19212
1284 14216 14818
PUBLIC [1] - 26 publish [1] - 1673 pull [1] - 1938 pulling [1] - 1172 Purpose [1] - 7714 purpose [4] - 3411 5419 551 7812
purposes [1] - 275 pursuant [1] - 28 pursue [1] - 688 put [26] - 516 1010 1015 4213 4318 442 4913 5516 5910 681 8710 964 10214 10215 10216 10717 11311 1244 13615 14016 1474 15417 16915 17314 18813 18814
Putnam [7] - 27 119 1119 123 124 125 1215
14
putting [3] - 989 10219 1177
rating [1] - 582 ratio [2] - 665 667 rationale [1] - 523 rats [1] - 1472 re [3] - 5319 14615 1681
re-advertise [1] -1681
re-advertisement [1] -5319
re-craft [1] - 14615 reached [3] - 16716 17215 1874
reaction [2] - 1275 1812
read [8] - 33 748 13918 17716 1781 1785 18211 19616
reading [4] - 692 8514 19512 1964
ready [1] - 4912 real [13] - 74 418 4513 871 10010 11017 11018 11019 11511 11513 15417 15615 16210
reality [1] - 1725 realize [1] - 393 really [56] - 1716 365 366 3719 395 425 4811 587 6110 682 741 774 791 7913 7919 8111 832 857 8619 905 9710 9810 1014 10115 10414 10417 10617 1081 11114 11419 1164 11913 12115 1332 1513 15116 15216 1531 15310 15312 15410 15414 1577 15715 1592 1647 16411 16413 1786 18013 19119 1924 1925 19215 19218
Realty [1] - 72 rear [6] - 176 268 3318 413 4719 4816
reason [12] - 5511
669 1111 1308 1391 14010 14310 1638 1757 18312 19011 1965
REASON [6] - 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614 19615
reasonable [3] -6114 6611 11213
reasonably [1] -9114
reasons [2] - 10317 19513
recap [1] - 18713 RECEIVED [1] -19518
received [1] - 1846 recent [1] - 1742 recently [4] - 77 264 1404 14113
recess [3] - 111 114 519
recessed [1] - 3114 recognized [1] - 151 recollection [2] -9916 1007
recommend [13] -102 688 10413 12310 1266 1276 14612 1494 1502 15612 1616 1884 18913
recommendation [30] - 5112 5214 5215 5217 716 7918 814 8110 9016 9617 10017 12516 12518 1263 1293 15012 15211 15616 16015 16016 1615 16212 1731 1733 1843 18714 18715 18717 18917 18919
recommendations [6] - 10018 1464 1481 15918 17214 1926
recommended [5] -205 652 6516 6918 16113
recommending [4] -965 1528 15219 18018
reconfigure [1] - 93 reconstruction [1] -5416
record [3] - 1934 1957 19618
RECORD [1] - 118 recording [1] - 648 recourse [2] - 614 15719
redirect [1] - 8819 redrafted [1] - 7712 reduce [3] - 501 13010 13015
Reduction [1] - 29 reduction [2] - 144 1919
refer [2] - 11010 11012
Refer [1] - 1967 reference [4] - 7118 1067 1349 15019
referenced [1] -15916
references [1] - 1569 referred [3] - 5115 975 1101
referring [3] - 4914 11718 1774
refers [3] - 1074 11010 1777
reflected [1] - 877 reflecting [1] - 1751 reflection [1] - 217 reflects [1] - 1011 regard [1] - 7212 regarding [1] - 18716 regular [1] - 6710 regulate [1] - 6013 regulated [2] - 6010 6012
regulation [8] - 609 6016 6313 6314 13411 1566 1623 1632
regulations [9] - 505 5617 634 636 659 698 888 945 1562
regulatory [1] -17618
reinventing [1] -1563
relate [2] - 412 247 related [8] - 307 416 1272 1303 1305 15314 15319 1976
relates [4] - 757 759 1599
relating [2] - 509
5011 relative [2] - 226 10015
relief [7] - 1918 4915 806 1136 15715 1581 1909
rely [2] - 5312 16312
remain [2] - 188 1001
remains [2] - 6016 7210
remedy [1] - 14611 remedying [1] -14119
remember [5] - 617 813 97 8113 1646
remind [4] - 473 476 10013 1057
remove [3] - 31 34 176
removed [1] - 454 renovate [1] - 172 renovation [4] - 247 355 4716 10517
renovations [1] -2617
rental [3] - 1813 3318 364
renter [1] - 6419 renting [2] - 139 8218
REP [1] - 1962 repair [1] - 269 repairs [1] - 969 repeatedly [2] -10415 1429
rephrase [1] - 7315 REPLACE [1] -19516
replace [5] - 216 178 11313 11315 13016
replaced [1] - 9711 replacement [3] -601 956 11312
replacing [3] - 1713 923 1138
report [1] - 17119 reported [1] - 1156 Reporter [2] - 1974 19714
REPORTER [1] -19719
REPORTERS [1] -117
represent [1] - 2217 represented [1] -4011
Q
quadrupled [2] -1381 14519
quantify [1] - 12416 questions [17] - 51 2012 2015 2213 246 2410 536 6716 711 9819 1062 1248 1249 1314 15014
queue [1] - 17314 quick [24] - 2012 2014 5619 9819 10011 1089 10810 11016 11510 1545 15412 1553 15616 17514 1767 18010 18019 18314 18513 18514 18519 1869 1881 18819
quickly [2] - 9717 1235
quiet [4] - 4515 4518 466 1413
quite [8] - 2618 4114 4516 496 12417 13616 14011 1495
quoted [1] - 12712
R
rabbits [1] - 1342 raccoons [2] - 13318 radius [2] - 148 778 raised [5] - 5314 6512 13311 1663 18413
raising [2] - 1337 1845
Raising [1] - 512 ramifications [1] -18319
ran [2] - 135 136 range [2] - 622 668 Ranjit [3] - 11615 1199 19214
Ranjits [1] - 14816 rapidly [1] - 1416 rather [9] - 207 405 6011 6710 728 1307 1543 16916 1885
15
representing [1] -1117
REPRODUCTION [1] - 19718
request [8] - 2414 591 643 654 1274 14714 14716 14717
requested [1] - 99 requesting [1] - 1816 require [5] - 5318 9311 961 986 1176
Required [1] - 29 required [6] - 201 271 291 502 1179 14116
required) [1] - 1967 requirement [3] -927 9316 967
requirements [7] -2416 6510 702 7119 7211 986 1569
requires [5] - 9214 1143 1205 15712
research [1] - 917 reservations [1] -15210
residence [5] - 1313 1317 1416 1518 341
Residence [8] -1314 633 638 13614 13813 1774 17918
residential [24] -1812 195 196 4919 501 6212 6213 997 998 1298 12915 1301 1417 1651 1652 1657 1661 16614 1678 17616 1806 1818 18417
Residential [5] - 27 28 28 29 34
resolution [2] -11416 11417
resolved [4] - 6413 7415 1452
resolving [1] - 1192 respectful [2] - 412 18412
respects [2] - 331 334
respond [5] - 524 594 649 6716 12315
responding [1] -12315
Response [1] - 1488 response [5] - 5118 589 1274 14014 1937
Response) [1] - 3213 rest [6] - 608 655 10716 10717 14217 1509
restart [1] - 17312 restaurant [1] - 9810 restrict [1] - 10311 Restrictions [2] - 32 34
restrictions [3] -1154 1155 17818
result [1] - 817 results [1] - 10519 retail [7] - 517 61 62 64 66 69 712
retain [1] - 5310 retaining [1] - 6218 reuse [1] - 175 reuses [1] - 4114 review [4] - 7015 808 9510 16617
reviewed [3] - 918 1095 16512
reviewing [2] - 7015 13418
reviews [1] - 1063 revised [2] - 12318 15211
revision [2] - 58 15011
revisions [3] - 531 13719 15212
rewrite [1] - 1103 rewriting [1] - 1901 rezoning [1] - 818 rhythm [1] - 1339 rightful [1] - 1596 rights [3] - 4613 4615 5014
risk [1] - 1277 ROBERT [1] - 1446 Robert [2] - 1447 15313
Roberts [5] - 5116 529 1823 1937 19315
ROBERTS [31] - 528 6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514
9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
rodent [2] - 1457 1458
Roger [1] - 116 roof [3] - 221 317 1198
roofing [1] - 436 roofs [1] - 3115 rooftop [3] - 387 389 3810
room [4] - 6710 8512 1194 1533
rotted [1] - 302 roughly [1] - 126 round [1] - 1858 routes [1] - 159 rubbish [2] - 1459 14512
Rule [1] - 7910 rule [2] - 197 485 Rules [1] - 547 rules [5] - 569 588 9217 976 14814
run [2] - 1099 1189 runs [1] - 1591 RUSSELL [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693
1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831 1835 1863 1866 18612 18616 18619 1873 18812 18819 18915 1903 1908 1912 1916 1919 1936 19314
Russell [4] - 17 42 1336 14413
section [7] - 7712 7716 7810 1158 11719 14614 1777
Sections [1] - 215 security [1] - 871 see [42] - 68 2317 259 2611 284 2815 3214 359 4812 766 7615 7913 7917 8819 9614 1017 1023 1024 10217 10411 1071 10815 10816 10819 11014 1125 1161 1162 1174 1271 1273 13211 1439 1493 16010 16617 17417 17418 17419 18410 1857 19019
seeing [1] - 1862 seek [1] - 208 seeking [1] - 1919 seem [4] - 913 1554 1558 19010
sell [1] - 1183 semi [3] - 377 3712 3717
semi-private [3] -377 3712 3717
send [6] - 1016 896 11812 1193 18313 19218
sending [1] - 15917 Senior [1] - 15 sense [6] - 355 3918 12513 15013 1718 17216
sensor [1] - 1072 sent [2] - 5212 16115
sentence [2] - 12117 18315
sentences [2] - 7717 15618
sentiment [1] - 903 separate [1] - 694 separation [1] - 6212 September [1] -19711
series [3] - 1211 1618 11611
serious [2] - 13214 1333
seriously [1] - 12914
S
Sacramento [1] - 515 safe [1] - 3317 safety [6] - 591 1112 1113 1332 1335 1423
SAM [1] - 3416 Sam [2] - 353 366 SAME [2] - 353 19718
sat [2] - 11514 11515
saw [2] - 772 16613 scattered [1] - 14014 scenario [1] - 5913 schedule [1] - 477 scheduled [1] - 112 schematic [1] - 2915 School [1] - 13310 science [1] - 15910 scope [11] - 5311 5316 5318 9210 9516 10618 1117 1666 16618 1735 17617
scratch [1] - 16718 screen [2] - 786 792 scrutiny [1] - 1749 Sean [1] - 13118 Seated [1] - 1917 seated [1] - 115 second [10] - 129 183 5016 5017 912 10210 1317 13110 15515 1628
secondly [3] - 909 1049 1292
Section [16] - 28 29 29 32 33 548 7117 7119 7713 831 11816 1355 1681 17816 18410
16
servant [1] - 14818 serve [1] - 16819 serves [1] - 9913 Services [4] - 941 9812 14510 15718
servicing [1] - 488 session [1] - 1888 set [10] - 558 729 7210 8812 11914 1619 16114 16116 1979 19711
setback [2] - 2416 272
sets [1] - 8811 setting [1] - 6618 sever [1] - 14613 several [5] - 121 573 908 10711 14811
shadow [2] - 10217 1036
shall [12] - 209 5411 5413 5414 7119 737 1068 12712 17617 17819 1796
share [2] - 4716 1533
shared [3] - 95 2110 19117
shed [2] - 1197 sheet [4] - 1058 11817 1965 1966
Sheet [4] - 1952 1955 19513 1968
SHEET [3] - 1951 19517 1963
shielded [1] - 894 shielding [1] - 7212 shine [1] - 875 shines [1] - 1389 shining [2] - 859 1035
shirts [1] - 1468 shocking [1] - 1813 shop [1] - 69 short [4] - 114 519 15613 1671
short-term [1] -15613
shortcomings [1] -14419
Shorthand [2] -1974 19714
shorthand [1] -13419
shortly [3] - 106
2618 1463 shot [1] - 1209 shoulder [1] - 4215 show [3] - 9813 9815 1384
showed [3] - 275 10912
shown [4] - 3010 3012 3916 12110
shows [4] - 158 3911 792 12212
shrubs [2] - 481 4812
side [11] - 125 128 1210 1212 1712 1715 2016 3816 437 904 14410
sides [1] - 255 sidetrack [1] - 13519 Sieniewicz [3] - 110 44 1336
SIENIEWICZ [15] -2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
sighted [1] - 13317 sign [4] - 9914 1004 19513
Sign [1] - 1966 SIGNATURE [1] -1951
signed [1] - 1956 SIGNED [1] - 19517 significant [4] -2819 5519 5612 14917
significantly [1] -13015
Signs [1] - 218 signs [2] - 1001 10912
similar [2] - 655 1542
simple [5] - 1119 1537 1631 17110 17111
simplicity [1] - 11110 simply [7] - 3811 8918 14119 1452 14612 18216
Singanayagam [1] -14719
single [4] - 1317 1416 1518 1719
single-family [3] -1317 1416 1518
sit [1] - 1537
site [5] - 109 1817 7015 7113 1155
Sitting [1] - 42 situation [4] - 335 5818 7012 818
situations [1] - 8010 six [6] - 1211 406 479 1131 11819 1288
six-story [1] - 1288 size [3] - 1818 1382 1461
skill [1] - 19710 skin [1] - 14411 skip [1] - 583 skipping [1] - 549 sky [7] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 1043 10412 1337
sleep [1] - 1339 sleeping [1] - 1342 slide [1] - 11418 slipped [1] - 1003 small [7] - 361 578 1054 10812 1165 1518 1519
smaller [3] - 2216 9910 16116
smart [1] - 447 sneak [1] - 11015 so [1] - 698 socialization [1] -14213
sodium [1] - 12813 sole [1] - 19112 Solet [3] - 1317 1319 1428
SOLET [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
Solicitor [2] - 16913 1734
Solicitors [1] -16616
solicitors [1] - 1094 solution [1] - 16213 solve [5] - 685 686 8119 1226 1462
solving [1] - 8316 someone [6] - 4913 7518 8817 9213 987 13818
someplace [1] -16818
sometime [1] - 13515 sometimes [5] - 443 444 5216 6210 11313
somewhat [1] - 1047 somewhere [2] -
8410 17011 sonar [1] - 10215 soon [1] - 413 sooner [1] - 6710 sorry [11] - 2014 574 6712 712 737 1066 1258 1347 13917 17712 1803
sort [26] - 76 2513 605 6017 6318 726 729 774 7716 856 8512 864 8615 9119 946 974 978 11614 13411 13419 14017 1553 16716 16719 18318 1842
sorts [2] - 281 15519
sought [1] - 4915 sound [2] - 5012 1542
sounds [2] - 1864 18811
source [4] - 8415 8513 8517 1307
south [1] - 125 southern [1] - 4813 space [19] - 518 61 64 152 154 225 2517 301 304 334 3313 3315 343 3511 3618 377 4012 4614 495
Space [1] - 27 spaces [6] - 66 1418 156 171 3715 3914
speaker [1] - 15919 speakers [1] - 1349 speaking [2] - 14517 1693
special [6] - 647 1297 1369 13610 1382 1707
Special [11] - 27 813 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 758
specific [8] - 4914 5513 617 648 6910 9518 18510 1884
specifically [4] - 509 5010 824 1933
specified [1] - 9310 specify [4] - 461 598 9310 9518
spend [2] - 10914 1192
spent [2] - 5714 1092
spill [5] - 6613 6614 7213 7216 7819
spilling [3] - 6610 781 7814
spoken [2] - 2718 909
spot [1] - 615 spots [1] - 3115 spread [1] - 858 springs [1] - 1158 Square [1] - 1762 square [7] - 126 192 198 1912 2216 2316 855
SS [1] - 1973 Staff [1] - 115 staff [15] - 5116 5117 713 717 918 11617 11619 12316 14115 14814 1503 1525 16311 16615 18317
staffs [1] - 752 stair [1] - 149 stairs [1] - 3011 stance [1] - 1635 standard [15] - 1914 6114 621 6515 6516 6612 6613 7218 747 7411 863 1255 1393 1395 17418
standards [17] -5312 558 5716 581 587 598 618 622 624 7210 733 869 8812 1437 1471 17413
standing [3] - 773 8216 10818
start [7] - 914 294 3217 521 14910 1563 16718
started [2] - 1131 16413
starting [1] - 17810 starts [4] - 5213 559 573 1753
State [1] - 12711 state [4] - 546 548
17
559 697 statement [1] - 1908 statements [1] -19618
stations [1] - 158 status [5] - 810 922 1365 13610 1397
stay [1] - 477 stenographic [1] -1979
step [2] - 5619 16513
Steve [6] - 3716 423 8912 9017 1576 1592
Steves [3] - 16318 16319 1855
STEVEN [50] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 185 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3217 3717 4015 4110 4117 459 473 8717 885 8912 8914 8917 9019 9219 938 9313 9417 957 9512 963 9818 1017 1347 1547 16715 17015 17116 17211 17712 1781 1786 1811 18311 1851 1895 18914 19016
Steven [4] - 19 110 43 44
still [19] - 697 765 9812 1046 11417 12111 1504 1506 15014 16810 16812 17317 1755 1773 1774 17915 1823 1861
stone [1] - 289 stop [1] - 6715 stopgap [7] - 15013 15412 1553 15613 16713 16811 1691
storage [1] - 345 store [2] - 77 1511 storefront [2] - 1211 1714
stories [1] - 181 story [6] - 1210
1311 1719 183 1815 1288
straight [3] - 6413 1476 1926
straightforward [1] -6013
strain [1] - 1413 straining [1] - 776 strategies [1] - 1623 Street [17] - 216 57 516 72 714 125 1218 2316 2318 1087 12615 12617 1319 13316 1399 13915 1402
street [7] - 1284 14514 17615 1793 1795 17910 17911
stress [1] - 15716 strict [2] - 971 986 strikes [1] - 14418 strobe [1] - 1075 struck [2] - 992 15410
structural [1] - 5416 structure [20] - 1311 1316 1416 1516 1610 1616 175 1710 184 1815 196 198 337 501 5417 5418 925 948 949 18115
Structures [1] - 28 structures [8] - 5411 5512 6014 7111 7911 999 1752 1753
Stuart [2] - 116 1606
stuck [1] - 14812 students [1] - 14219 studied [2] - 9011 study [6] - 1531 1579 1581 1585 16815 16817
stuff [7] - 817 8218 8310 10015 11110 11317 1196
stuffs [1] - 1098 subdivided [1] - 189 subject [2] - 9011 15212
submit [4] - 12016 12516 17311 1887
submitted [3] - 3919
17219 subscribe [1] -19617
subsequently [1] -138
substance [1] -17217
substantial [3] -5415 932 13817
substantially [6] -5419 551 552 6617 9015 9410
substituted [1] -12015
subtle [1] - 10813 suburban [1] - 671 suddenly [2] - 1761 1805
sue [1] - 11212 sued [2] - 11215 11218
suffer [1] - 14217 sufficient [3] - 147 14815 1571
suggest [6] - 11916 11919 12012 1886
suggested [4] -5816 16514 1676 18219
suggestion [6] -5918 613 716 15319 16219 17213
suggestions [2] -5219 15912
suing [1] - 11211 Sullivan [5] - 2311 2315 3916 409 421
SULLIVAN [15] -2314 258 2519 263 266 279 2714 2814 305 315 3110 3117 329 491 493
Sullivans [4] - 376 412 4315 4718
summarized [1] -497
summer [2] - 18511 18514
sun [1] - 4813 sunset [3] - 9918 1095 10910
superintendent [1] -839
Superintendent [1] -983
Superior [1] - 11415 supersede [1] - 728
supersedes [2] -6313 7311
superseding [1] -697
supplied [1] - 19513 support [5] - 12510 12511 1527 1627 1769
supposed [6] -10818 1091 11016 11017 11510 1168
surface [3] - 2811 857 859
surprised [1] - 13211 surprising [1] - 4014 survey [1] - 263 surveyed [2] - 251 257
surveyor [1] - 254 surveyors [1] - 483 suspect [2] - 1415 1431
switch [1] - 1144
17713 18115 1822 18512 18719 1891 1923 19211 1934 19316
Teagues [1] - 1271 tear [2] - 173 175 technical [12] - 8519 862 867 911 912 916 10416 14115 1568 1612 16814 16912
technology [1] -14012
Ted [5] - 15217 15313 1811 18312 1854
Teds [2] - 5017 1699
telescope [1] - 1044 temporary [4] -16216 1633 16313 1719
ten [6] - 111 475 1085 10911 11914 13516
tenant [3] - 1312 4017 10312
tenants [1] - 3816 tenants [11] - 1312 1411 1413 282 343 3417 3419 356 363 4613 1042
tend [2] - 5215 10212
tends [1] - 6211 term [8] - 32 34 1158 14217 15613 17318 18517 1888
terms [9] - 216 217 225 6119 779 846 985 1207 1615
testified [1] - 18014 testimony [9] - 2010 239 6718 6814 1114 13814 19513 1965 1978
text [24] - 32 35 5213 5214 534 568 6113 6116 6218 639 6310 7416 1368 1374 1483 16112 16118 16412 17815 1885 1887
T
table [1] - 4016 tackle [2] - 12218 talks [6] - 5815 6316 1078 17615 17916 18119
tall [2] - 4217 4814 tandem [4] - 1411 1417 1419 432
Taylor [4] - 12615 12616 13111 1325
TAYLOR [9] - 12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
TEAGUE [4] - 1081 1085 1265 12611
Teague [40] - 213 5113 524 10719 1086 11116 11517 12110 1221 1224 1227 12311 1259 1267 1304 1411 14912 1502 15010 1528 15311 1626 1646 16412 1667 1697 17611 17618 17710 17711
18
THE [10] - 12 118 1613 673 19516 19717 19718 19719
themselves [1] -1238
THEODORE [28] -76 87 913 101 1018 5016 712 7214 739 7315 7318 7417 1065 1375 1499 1662 17319 17512 1773 17715 17912 1803 1819 18215 1833 18310 1865 18912
theodore [1] - 18 Theodore [1] - 42 theory [1] - 1169 therefor [2] - 19513 1965
therefore [2] - 1366 1391
thereof [1] - 1956 thesis [1] - 11318 theyve [4] - 99 1010 12317
thinking [4] - 522 10713 14413 1835
thinks [1] - 14813 third [6] - 141 143 1817 202 203 16219
THIS [2] - 19516 19717
thoughtful [1] - 1899 thoughts [1] - 14415 thousands [1] -12715
three [11] - 98 156 1715 187 2113 243 489 999 10410 1254 1622
three-foot [2] - 1715 2113
throughout [2] -12912 1768
throw [2] - 15315 18212
throwing [1] - 1477 Tibbs [2] - 18 115 TIBBS [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371
8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
tied [1] - 593 tieing [1] - 7511 tile [4] - 10214 10216 10217 10218
timekeeper [1] - 474 timing [1] - 107 tiny [1] - 1025 title [1] - 33 TO [2] - 1961 19718 today [4] - 393 9613 11819 13819
together [2] - 441 10713
TOM [15] - 2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
Tom [2] - 110 43 tonight [6] - 403 4119 12317 15213 15912 16210
took [2] - 1124 14413
tools [1] - 15713 top [1] - 216 touch [1] - 9811 touches [1] - 133 towards [2] - 2218 13610
town [3] - 1093 1094 11216
towns [1] - 1094 traffic [1] - 1029 training [1] - 14117 transcript [9] - 82 1935 1959 19514 1964 1966 1967 19616 19617
Transcript [1] - 25 TRANSCRIPT [2] -19516 19718
transcription [1] -1979
transcripts [2] - 84 85
trash [1] - 345 treated [1] - 6915 trees [4] - 483 8712
8715 8716 trespass [4] - 5113 704 707 10414
trial [1] - 1132 tried [1] - 1107 trigger [4] - 926 9314 9316 9510
triggered [1] - 11712 triggers [1] - 1056 trim [1] - 441 trip [1] - 10513 triple [2] - 1216 1217
trivial [1] - 10812 trouble [3] - 431 1104 11412
true [2] - 6417 1979 try [16] - 207 538 5913 5919 676 719 845 875 9210 9515 9717 981 12217 1466 1624 18517
trying [18] - 168 626 8118 822 8316 10015 10019 11014 11210 1218 12914 1385 1413 1492 15812 17519 18010 18012
Tuesday [1] - 13 turkeys [1] - 13318 turn [4] - 674 836 8513 1606
turning [3] - 148 1517 1541
tweak [1] - 12316 two [37] - 1013 1310 1312 1319 1412 1417 159 1719 1812 2011 2014 222 3115 3315 3318 3519 362 4317 4318 743 796 802 8616 10712 10916 1134 1349 1405 14013 1533 1534 1548 15617 16418 1817 18316 1869
two-family [1] - 222 two-pronged [2] -802 8616
two-unit [1] - 3519 type [3] - 9918 1034 1037
types [2] - 9413 9415
typically [2] - 359 4411
U
ultimate [1] - 16213 ultimately [1] - 7218 unable [2] - 1119 1904
unaware [1] - 13412 unclear [1] - 8212 uncomfortable [4] -776 17513 1764 18017
unconcern [1] -13210
under [30] - 188 296 3011 462 4613 4616 6111 664 6619 696 719 7216 7410 764 9118 1003 1005 1127 11212 11218 11914 1209 1353 1367 1501 15110 16910 17617 17710 1847
UNDER [1] - 19718 undergoing [1] - 104 underlying [1] - 1351 underneath [1] -1354
undersigned [1] -1974
understood [1] -1293
underutilized [1] -1517
unenforceable [1] -1638
unfortunately [1] -1119
uninstalled [1] -8814
unintended [2] -5811 1841
unit [19] - 142 143 1817 192 1913 203 228 2210 309 3016 3314 3519 364 3616 417 853 8613 8614 999
Unit [1] - 211 units [15] - 210 210 1310 1319 187 1812 1817 199
1912 227 317 3318 359 3510 503
University [2] - 104 109
unless [3] - 9912 1004 12112
UNLESS [1] - 19718 unnecessarily [1] -7819
unreasonable [1] -6613
unreasonably [1] -1517
unusual [1] - 2414 up [53] - 66 713 1010 226 3015 3814 4318 537 541 5713 5718 6217 6511 674 681 727 786 7814 7919 8513 865 8615 8710 8814 924 9217 995 10011 10214 1051 10715 11311 11316 12113 13018 1311 13314 1384 14315 15114 15418 1556 1558 15917 1645 16513 17012 17111 18012 18016 1915 1929
Update [1] - 23 update [2] - 49 1017 updates [2] - 1015 1016
upset [1] - 11114 urban [1] - 3719 urgent [1] - 14019 users [2] - 3411 14214
uses [11] - 1811 5411 5513 5518 7110 7115 8613 997 1009 10415 1408
utilities [1] - 1047 utilize [1] - 9216
V
vague [1] - 19216 valet [1] - 91 valiant [1] - 1218 valid [2] - 911 8312 valuable [1] - 19218
19
van [3] - 11515 1702 1914
VAN [5] - 1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
vapor [1] - 12813 variance [1] - 208 Variance [2] - 204 11910
variety [1] - 618 various [2] - 416 16310
verge [1] - 1814 verify [2] - 6019 897 versed [1] - 699 version [4] - 12013 12214 1696 17112
versions [1] - 17811 versus [4] - 7612 8117 827 1113
vertically [1] - 864 Vice [1] - 18 victim [1] - 6810 Victorian [2] - 127 139
view [3] - 2818 4910 7310
views [1] - 16110 violation [14] - 745 767 11412 1278 12815 13113 13118 1321 13410 13518 1361 1362 13611 14915
violations [6] - 1165 12715 12818 1327 13217 1449
violators [1] - 13212 visible [1] - 1116 visually [1] - 6019 volume [5] - 184 674 19512 19514 1966
vote [2] - 401 1814 voting [3] - 4118 513 15311
1534 1535 1536 1758 18814
wash [1] - 857 wattage [2] - 8412 13010
watts [1] - 842 ways [5] - 214 5513 15816 16319 17113
wear [1] - 1469 week [2] - 510 1016 weeks [5] - 1013 406 11819 13317 1869
weighing [2] - 14619 1472
weight [1] - 1689 weird [1] - 853 Wellens [3] - 13911 13913 1401
WELLENS [4] -13912 13916 13919 14316
whatevers [1] -10716
whatsoever [2] -1455 17516
wheel [2] - 1564 WHEN [1] - 19517 WHEREOF [1] -19711
whole [9] - 305 467 769 9111 1122 11315 1167 11912 1305
wholeheartedly [2] -8014 1576
width [3] - 4314 4316 458
wife [2] - 2317 13619
wildlife [2] - 13312 William [2] - 18 115 WILLIAM [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371 8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
WILLIAMS [4] - 3513 3517 3610 3614
Williams [2] - 3514 1399
wind [1] - 14314
window [8] - 1713 2017 284 5911 952 956 958 1798
windows [1] - 383 WINTER [19] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3717 4015 4110 4117 473 8914 8917
Winter [2] - 19 43 WINTERS [25] - 514 65 611 616 79 711 718 374 422 428 4216 4312 456 8319 8610 8714 8718 8810 8910 13017 1311 14314 1446 1539 15318
winters [1] - 15511 Winters [4] - 19 43 1447 15313
wipe [1] - 1117 wise [1] - 10013 wish [4] - 3212 13910 1445 1486
wished [1] - 9612 wishes [1] - 532 wisteria [1] - 442 WITH [1] - 19516 withdrawing [1] -12513
withstanding [1] -1595
WITNESS [1] - 19711 wonder [3] - 292 3019 14416
wonderful [1] - 4111 wondering [5] - 810 2618 10116 1666 16715
wood [3] - 301 346 348
wooden [1] - 2611 word [1] - 10614 words [2] - 14414 1838
works [3] - 9114 11115 15816
Works [1] - 14511 world [3] - 468 1044 1897
worried [1] - 1519 worries [1] - 14511 worth [2] - 6518 772 write [6] - 10015
10513 1225 15518 1561 1929
write-up [1] - 1929 writing [4] - 10019 1247 1323 13918
written [19] - 362 5118 555 723 747 757 768 929 937 9515 1217 1224 1373 13712 13714 13718 1567 18719 19217
wrote [2] - 1153 1163
wwwreportersinc com [1] - 119
Y
yard [12] - 1410 245 2418 2716 291 3318 3519 363 3615 3616 415 8712
yards [2] - 3710 3816
year [4] - 98 8711 1405 1578
years [12] - 98 2319 251 10911 10916 1134 12819 13516 1405 14013 15814 1895
yellow [1] - 1058 yourself [1] - 914
Z
Zelinski [2] - 1974 19713
zero [1] - 12010 Zipcar [1] - 1510 Zone [2] - 14313 1448
zones [7] - 625 12915 12917 1301 1438 1439 14311
Zoning [109] - 24 213 52 55 818 4013 505 534 546 547 5410 5413 554 556 588 5912 5914 6219 642 643 6411 6417 684
6816 695 6914 6915 702 7016 719 7113 758 774 812 822 8314 866 8816 904 945 947 9416 9510 9518 962 972 9916 1052 1054 10512 10514 1061 1098 11118 11217 1164 11816 12411 12511 1278 12719 12815 1296 12911 1306 13419 1356 1369 1407 14113 1426 14417 1454 14518 1462 1465 14611 14614 14710 14918 1501 1509 15019 1543 1552 1555 15519 15615 15810 15817 15818 1597 15914 1616 1617 16112 16117 16118 1649 1659 1687 17718 17813 18011 18510 1884
zoning [2] - 6819 1005
W
wait [1] - 1897 waiting [1] - 15019 walk [1] - 885 walking [1] - 1511 walkways [1] - 17411 wall [5] - 262 681 6810 851 1828
wants [6] - 492
20
8
HUGH RUSSELL Thats it
Is there a transcript
LIZA PADEN And were working
through the transcripts So theres no new
transcripts yet
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
H THEODORE COHEN Liza can I ask
a question There was an article in the
Cambridge Chronicle about the Kaya Ka Hotel
I was wondering if you knew what the status
of that was
LIZA PADEN So the Kaya Ka Hotel I
dont remember exactly when the Special
Permit was granted by the Planning Board but
theres been a Special Permit for the use and
some dimensional changes in the Overlay
District which were the result of the
rezoning for that particular Zoning District
And then they came back for an amendment to
9
the Planning Board to address the valet
parking arrangement that they wanted to have
in the basement and they had to reconfigure
the driveway because their desire to have a
shared driveway with the abutter it fell
through So that Special Permit I dont
know if you remember but at the end of the
year for the last three years I believe
theyve come in and theyve requested an
extension of the Special Permit So thats a
valid permit and its -- the expiration date
is now December of 2013
H THEODORE COHEN And the article
indicated they were about to start
construction
LIZA PADEN Right We have not
seen the construction drawings yet and we
havent reviewed them for the conditions of
the Planning Board Special Permit
10
H THEODORE COHEN And on another
matter I recommend to all my colleagues and
all the public to take a look at the church
next to Lesley University which is undergoing
a lot of activity and it looks like its
about to be moved shortly
Do you have any timing on that
LIZA PADEN No But Lesley
University has an extensive construction site
that theyve put up on-line and they have an
overall construction plan that covers the
entire duration of the construction and then
they have the next two weeks in action So
theres also an e-mail list that you can
access there and get put on updates of when
they send out the updates every week youll
get an update
H THEODORE COHEN Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL I guess well take a
11
ten or an eight minute recess until 720 for
our next scheduled business
LIZA PADEN Right
(A short recess was taken)
(William Tibbs seated)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay the magic hour
has arrived It is now 720 and we can go on
to our 720 public hearing Planning Board
case 282 533 Putnam Avenue
GREGORY COLLING Hi Would it be
better if I placed the boards facing the
audience I didnt bring an easel with me
HUGH RUSSELL Liza will assist you
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
My name is Greg Colling Im an
architect with Merrimack Design based in
Amesbury Massachusetts and Im representing
Lianne Bensley Shes the owner of 533
Putnam Avenue Shes unfortunately unable to
12
attend this evening but several members of
her family are here on her behalf
So 533 Putnam Avenue is on -- well
Putnam Avenue between Brookline and Acorn
Street Its on the south side of Putnam
Avenue Its roughly a 5000 square foot
lot It has a Victorian half house on one
side Its a half a house Its built in
1869 Its a second empire house And then
on the left side of the lot is a one-story
storefront building that has a series of six
garage bays on the back side of it that have
been added That was built initially in
1922
The abutting properties are 539 Putnam
Avenue Its a triple decker Its a green
triple decker on the left And then the
other abutting properties are on Acorn Street
which is behind the half house
13
LIZA PADEN This is Acorn
GREGORY COLLING And its also --
the corner touches 285 Brookline The
propertys been owned by Li Bensley since
1996 Her husband whos now deceased ran a
construction business with Li and they ran
that business there until 2004 And she
subsequently moved out of Cambridge and has
been renting the Victorian house The half
house is actually two dwelling units And
then the one-story accessory structure is --
has two tenants and it has a business tenant
Its a non-conforming use The residence is
in a Residence C District
So the owner is proposing to convert
the non-conforming accessory structure into a
single-family owner-occupied residence which
is non-conforming Its because there are
two units already on the property So this
14
would be a -- were proposing to add a third
unit on the property
And in addition to adding a third unit
on the property were proposing a reduction
in parking Currently there is a driveway a
12-foot driveway that goes from the front of
the lot to the back There isnt sufficient
turning radius to enter the garage bays
because of an egress stair and a deck that
was built in the yard so currently its used
as tandem parking for the business tenants
According to the owner the two apartment
tenants do not use the driveway at all
So were hoping to -- that youll
allow us to convert this non-conforming
structure into a single-family residence
Were proposing to have two tandem parking
spaces for the use of the owner which I
understand that tandem parking isnt allowed
15
or its not recognized as a legal parking
space So it would be in effect were
continuing the same amount of parking which
is one legal parking space on that property
In addition were providing bicycle parking
on the property for three bicycle spaces
And there is also -- theres a map that weve
brought that shows the bus stations that are
nearby There are two bus routes that are
nearby and also Zipcar locations and theres
a grocery store thats within walking
distance
So we feel that our proposal will
minimally impact the neighborhood We feel
that taking a non-conforming accessory
structure thats deteriorated and
underutilized and turning that into a
single-family residence will be an
enhancement to the neighborhood and to the
16
community
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
STEVEN WINTER May I ask a
question
I want to make sure that I know which
building which place youre talking about
and Im just trying to get my head around
what it is and where it is Is this the
structure that used to be a news distribution
-- newspaper distribution back in the day
Does anybody know that
MEMBER FROM THE AUDIENCE Yes
STEVEN WINTER So I know what that
is now So the only work that were talking
about doing is not to the larger structure
which is owned by the proponent but the work
is on that series of --
GREGORY COLLING Correct
17
STEVEN WINTER -- spaces And is
it to renovate existing bricks and mortar or
is it to tear down and build new
GREGORY COLLING Were proposing to
reuse the existing structure and not tear it
down We do have to remove -- in the rear
corner the deterioration is such that we have
to replace the masonry in the back of the
building But were proposing to work within
the existing structure Were not proposing
any changes to the front of the bidding other
than taking out a door on the side and
replacing that with a window to match the
storefront And we are proposing a
three-foot overhang on the driveway side
which is invisible really to any any
adjacent properties as a covered entry
STEVEN WINTER And is this is the
plan then for one single story not two
18
stories
GREGORY COLLING Correct Were
not proposing a second story Were working
with then the existing volume structure
STEVEN COHEN In your application
you describe this as being an owner-occupied
Is that the plan that the three units will
remain under common ownership Its not
being you know the lots being subdivided
or condoized or --
GREGORY COLLING No the owner uses
the other two existing residential units on
the property for rental income and then she
will continue that and she will be living in
the one-story accessory structure
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre requesting a
third unit on the site but also all the units
will be less than the minimum area size is
that correct
19
GREGORY COLLING Right theyre
less than 1800 square feet per unit Right
WILLIAM TIBBS Okay
HUGH RUSSELL This is a 528
proposal on a conversion of a non-residential
structure for residential use so its looked
at differently There the rule is that you
can divide the structure into 1100 square
foot units
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL And the actual gross
area is for 300 units -- 320 square feet is
going to be one unit so it meets that
standard
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
(Ahmed Nur Seated)
HUGH RUSSELL So the relief youre
seeking is a conversion reduction of the
20
required parking and 5822 and thats
(inaudible) The third thing is the getting
the third unit by Special Permit process not
by a Variance process
GREGORY COLLING It was recommended
by the Building Inspector that I go through
the Special Permit process rather than try to
seek a variance
HUGH RUSSELL Shall we go to public
testimony
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have two
quick questions
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
TOM SIENIEWICZ Sorry two quick
questions One the openings on the it
would be looks like the east side of the
property the window openings those are
existing the ones that are close to the
property
21
GREGORY COLLING Correct
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay And then can
you just --
STEVEN WINTER Which ones are
these Could you point that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ The ones at the top
of the drawing
STEVEN WINTER Yes okay Thank
you
LIZA PADEN This is the shared
property line
TOM SIENIEWICZ And then the
extension of the three-foot overhang on the
-- over the door is --
GREGORY COLLING Want me to point
that out
TOM SIENIEWICZ If you could just
point that out
GREGORY COLLING Yeah that
22
proposed cantilever roof is right here This
is the existing two-family house thats on
the property
TOM SIENIEWICZ Yes
And so then in terms of the open space
how does that divide up relative to the
units on the -- is it assigned to one of
every unit
GREGORY COLLING Its assigned to
this unit
TOM SIENIEWICZ Okay thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Are there any other
questions
STEVEN WINTER Actually I do
Mr Chair just one more
The smaller dark square does that
represent a part of the buildings on the
property Its down towards the bottom
LIZA PADEN This
23
STEVEN WINTER Yes that
GREGORY COLLING Thats an abutting
property Thats 186
STEVEN WINTER Thats not what
were talking about
GREGORY COLLING Correct
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Okay so were going
to go to public testimony And by
coincidence the first person to speak is
Mark Sullivan who lives at (Inaudible) Go
to the podium and give your name and your
address
MARK SULLIVAN Good evening Im
Mark Sullivan the owner and occupier of 6
and 8 Acorn Street which is the black square
on the plan that we see there My wife Ann
and I own 6 and 8 Acorn Street Weve -- in
October will be 29 years in the neighborhood
24
That property is very familiar to me We
look out every morning as I make coffee and
all of our -- all three the bedrooms in the
house are very very closely directly
overlook the yard part of the property And
thats thats where most of my questions
relate to for this renovation And this is
the first time Ive been involved in such a
process so Im -- pardon me if Im not asking
the right questions whatever they may be
I guess -- so theres a couple of
things that Im interested to know about if
theres a possibility given this building is
unusual and theres a request for a you
know a different approach if in that case
any setback requirements are different
Because if we if we look on the plan the
yard plan that hedge that is close to my
house -- I dont think that property line has
25
been surveyed in the 29 years that Ive been
there And it just seems to me that -- and
if Im correct it almost looks like theres
some surveyor marks on some of the other
sides of the plan
GREGORY COLLING We had the
property surveyed
MARK SULLIVAN The property between
Liannes property and mine I didnt see
numbers here
GREGORY COLLING I believe it was
HUGH RUSSELL With the Boards
indulgence I think we can allow this sort of
dialogue
TOM SIENIEWICZ Thats fine
GREGORY COLLING This is your
property right here and you have space behind
your house
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
26
GREGORY COLLING The property line
is right against the party wall
MARK SULLIVAN Okay so that survey
was done recently
GREGORY COLLING Right
MARK SULLIVAN So with the
plantings that are proposed the -- one of my
concerns is being able to access the rear of
my house for necessary repair you know
painting etcetera etcetera Currently its
a wooden deck which you can see in I think
its your photo 10 that you have in the
package which will also give you an idea of
how close we are in this little enclave So
my concern is obviously not wanting to cause
any damage to that if -- and I do need to do
some renovations to the exterior of my house
quite shortly So again Im wondering if
the plan is to bring those plantings right to
27
the property line or whatever required you
know inward movement or setback might be in
this particular case
GREGORY COLLING Well I think we
showed for privacy purposes we showed a
hedge thats on thats against the property
line It wouldnt extend over your property
but its on -- against that boundary
MARK SULLIVAN Right And how high
does that going to be
GREGORY COLLING We havent
determined that yet but Im sure thats
something we can work out with Li
MARK SULLIVAN The other thing I
just wanted to call to attention is going to
be the use of the yard and the materials
used I mentioned some concern about noise
Ive spoken to Lianne you know certainly I
certainly dont think shes going to be
28
having the sorts of parties that previous
tenants have had Weve also have had a
break-in on our first floor which is why you
see grates on the window But you know
those were past days But because of the
way you know the buildings kind of create
this amplified almost noise effect Im
just -- Lianne said that theres going to be
maybe a crushed stone material used
GREGORY COLLING Yeah there will
be permeable surface back there and theres
one paved portion of the area thats closer
to the building
MARK SULLIVAN And then something
also I dont see in the plan I guess the
language thats used is the work will be --
will occur entirely within the footprint of
the building But in my view theres going
to be significant demolition and new
29
construction required in that yard area So
I wonder you know if theres a plan on how
long thats going to -- when that might
start How long that might go on What the
nature of that work might be Again thats
its literally right under our noses so I
would just like to understand what that might
look like
GREGORY COLLING Well again our
primary focus has been to get through the
Special Permit process and we developed a
plan Theres more work that needs to be
done to develop the landscape but we have a
proposal here that we brought to this meeting
and thats you know basically a schematic
plan for what we intend to do And Im sure
that you know we have we can work with you
if you have an issue with the hedge but I
think were again were improving the
30
space Were taking out that wood deck
thats rotted thats with the garbage cans
back there And were planning on creating a
nice space that I think youll be pleased
MARK SULLIVAN It will look a whole
lot better than it looks currently And
again the -- and so the other related issue
when I spoke with Lianne and I mentioned this
to you that this air conditioning unit
thats shown in the exterior that she did
say her plan is to move it under the stairs
but since that is not shown in this kind of
drawing you know I would have a great
interest in that occurring because of the
you know the noise that comes right up from
that fairly large unit and we hear it we
certainly hear it in our house And its
great that she says that she plans to do
that But I just wonder how that would be
31
kind of confirmed through the planning and
the iteration
HUGH RUSSELL We can do that We
can make that a condition of a permit
MARK SULLIVAN Yeah
Will there be any air conditioning
units on the roof
GREGORY COLLING Not to my
knowledge
MARK SULLIVAN And is there any
outdoor lighting plan
GREGORY COLLING We havent
developed an outdoor lighting plan other than
to have recessed lights at the cantilevered
roofs Just two little spots that light and
demarcate the entrance to the building
MARK SULLIVAN Uh-huh
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh youve asked
our indulgence but I think we should proceed
32
on
HUGH RUSSELL Continue on
WILLIAM TIBBS And the conversation
youre having you can continue to have
and --
STEVEN WINTER And you should
WILLIAM TIBBS -- but we need to
get back on this
MARK SULLIVAN Great thank you
very much
HUGH RUSSELL Okay Does anyone
else wish to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I see no one
wanting to speak So now we will discuss
this proposal
STEVEN COHEN Well Ill start if
nobody else will Its currently a
non-conforming use a non-conforming
33
dimensionally in many respects And with the
changes I dont think any of the
non-conformities are being exacerbated In
many respects from the use to the open space
that the situation is being improved in
almost every aspect I think its a great
way to use this non-conforming structure and
I think its a great idea great proposal
and a great plan for this lot
HUGH RUSSELL Bill
WILLIAM TIBBS I guess I have a
question for the proponent You said that
the -- all the open space was going to be
used by the converted unit and so theres no
open space available for the existing two
GREGORY COLLING Thats correct
Theres safe access on to the property for
the two rental units but the rear yard will
be private and dedicated to the proposed
34
residence
WILLIAM TIBBS And how is the open
space being used currently by those tenants
GREGORY COLLING It isnt Its
basically a trash storage area
WILLIAM TIBBS What about the wood
deck
GREGORY COLLING And the wood deck
to my knowledge I havent seen it used
WILLIAM TIBBS I mean what was its
purpose What were the users of the deck
Was it a commercial --
GREGORY COLLING Im not sure
WILLIAM TIBBS Was it commercial
use
SAM BENSLEY People would go out
there and have a drink and tenants in the
building
WILLIAM TIBBS The tenants --
35
HUGH RUSSELL Could you give us
your name please
SAME BENSLEY Sam Bensley
WILLIAM TIBBS Other than for me
the idea of the renovation makes sense Not
allowing the tenants who even though they
may not have used it that deck obviously was
there for their use to -- when you have we
typically like to see if there are units on
the property that all of the units there have
some benefit from the open space
GREGORY COLLING Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS Actually can I say
something My name is Chris Williams Im
Ms Bensleys brother
HUGH RUSSELL Sure
CHRIS WILLIAMS And I think I can
point out a couple of things Firs it that
there is a front yard to the two-unit
36
building Its very small And the leases
that weve written for both of the two
tenants do not include the yard at all They
only include the rental unit itself So
they dont even really have access to the
backyard They havent really used it as Sam
said And they dont use it now
WILLIAM TIBBS Youre saying that
the existing leases --
CHRIS WILLIAMS The existing leases
do not --
WILLIAM TIBBS -- theyre not
allowed to use --
CHRIS WILLIAMS They dont allow
them to use the yard The only lease is to
the actual unit itself and not to the yard
GREGORY COLLING Obviously privacy
having a private outdoor space is important
to the owner
37
WILLIAM TIBBS Its also important
to other people too
GREGORY COLLING Right
PAMELA WINTERS Yes
HUGH RUSSELL Its not completely
private because of Mr Sullivans house So
its a you know a semi-private space
GREGORY COLLING Right
HUGH RUSSELL One that I would
characterize most peoples yards in
Cambridge
GREGORY COLLING Semi-private
HUGH RUSSELL Yes You may control
who comes into it but many people look at
the open spaces
Steve
STEVEN WINTER The semi-private
concept is very nice I like that And it
really is living in a dense urban
38
environment Believe me theres going to be
interaction and contact between the people in
the windows and the people on the ground I
mean theres -- theyre neighbors and thats
going to happen so we want to make it the
best experience for all of them
I need clarification on the rooftop
mechanicals So I need for the proponent to
say clearly there are no rooftop mechanicals
or there are rooftop mechanicals and this is
what they are So thats simply something
that we need clarification on
And I -- I -- just because it was
brought up I think that we are going to need
clarification on the existing lease defining
the tenants access to the side yards Now
Im not sure what I would say if it didnt
say that but I think as long as its been
brought forward we just need to confirm
39
that I feel And if my colleagues feel
differently you know just tell me and I
realize Im being in a bad mood today or
whatever it is we can do that
And I think the lighting is also really
important to us And weve got a lot of
folks in the city who are concerned about the
lighting
Mr Chair is there a -- theres a
lighting plan that the proponent can provide
us right that shows where the lights are
and what directions they go that would assure
us and the neighbors that the lighting will
not interfere with their private spaces
HUGH RUSSELL Such a plan could be
prepared and shown to Mr Sullivan and it
could you know discuss it and come to an
understanding of what made sense and it can
be submitted to us or submitted as a
40
condition you know of the vote I think my
preference is since I dont hear you know
much opposition tonight there are details to
be worked out but the concept seems to be
acceptable So Id rather not you know
delay our approval by a month or six weeks
but Id like to have a process to make sure
that the details are worked out that
Mr Sullivan has consulted and has an
opportunity to discuss his matters with his
abutter And I think whats been represented
to us is that the outdoor space is more
diametric than the Zoning of the building and
its not surprising that we would do that
STEVEN WINTER Okay let me then --
let me take off the table confirming that the
leases -- to the tenant leases define whether
they can or cannot I think Im okay with
that And I concur Mr Chair with what you
41
had said but I do believe that we need to be
respectful of Mr Sullivans areas of
interest which are accessing the rear of his
house the height of the hedges the use of
the yard materials and its permeability that
are next to him and noise related
particularly the air conditioning unit I
think those are real concerns
GREGORY COLLING Sure
STEVEN WINTER I also agree this is
a great plan Its a wonderful use Its a
family that you know has been in Cambridge
for a long time and I think its -- and it
reuses a building in quite a nice way I
congratulate you on the design
GREGORY COLLING Thank you
STEVEN WINTER So yes I concur
And I wouldnt mind voting it appropriately
tonight to move it forward but I do want to
42
make sure that Mr Sullivan is taken care of
PAMELA WINTERS Could I just say
one thing I concur with what Steve just
said and particularly living so close to the
air conditioning that could be really
bothersome
GREGORY COLLING I understand
PAMELA WINTERS Yes And also the
height of the hedge just because Ive gone
through this myself you know this issue
myself You know do you have any idea as to
what kind of hedging or height you want to
put in there
GREGORY COLLING It would probably
be a hue thats shoulder height
PAMELA WINTERS Hues are great
And hues grow to be eight feet tall and
theyre inexpensive So that might be a good
choice
43
And I dont have any trouble with the
tandem parking so I just wanted to mention
that too
And also I think its important for the
abutter to get into you know if he has to
have some roofing done or something done on
the side of his house its important for him
to get into that little area
GREGORY COLLING Im sure that Li
would be amenable to working with Mark on
that
PAMELA WINTERS Great Okay
HUGH RUSSELL Its a practical
matter if its only the width between
Mr Sullivans house and the hedge it
appears to me the width of a kitchen counter
So its about two feet You cant actually
put a ladder up against the house in two
feet so theyre going to have to work
44
together And you know when I trim my
wisteria I put my ladder on my next-door
neighbors property and you know sometimes
I ask her and sometimes I assume the
permission thats been granted in the past
carries over You know if hes planning to
do some work it might be smart to maybe not
plant the hedge until the work is done if
that you know if that can be worked out as
an arrangement
GREGORY COLLING Well typically
the landscape work is the last piece thats
done so that might be something that we can
work out I think -- I wasnt aware that
Mark had a concern about the location of the
condenser and were certainly more than happy
to work with him and address any of his
concerns And Im sure Li you know shes a
great neighbor and I think that shed be more
45
than happy to address any of Marks concerns
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I propose that
we attach a condition that the air
conditioner be you know removed at some
distance from the property line
PAMELA WINTERS I agree
HUGH RUSSELL A distance maybe
being a width of the L on the half house
STEVEN COHEN If I could add one
comment about that condenser Frankly if
its a loud condenser moving it even that
distance isnt going to make an enormous
amount of difference I think the real key
to the condenser is not as much the location
but getting a quiet condenser And Im not
quite sure what the Cambridge noise ordinance
says about the noise level of condenser but
theyre available extremely quiet nowadays
and I dont know that its within our
46
jurisdiction to actually specify the decibel
level here But I think under the
circumstances and just being a good neighbor
with a fellow whos already expressed a
concern about it I think you would be well
advised to find an extremely quiet condenser
They cost a few bucks more but not a whole
lot more and it would make a world of
difference
As for the property line it is what it
is It is where it is Theres nothing we
can do to change that And frankly if the
tenants under the leases have rights to
outdoor space theres nothing that we can do
here to in any way compromise their rights
under those leases But maybe we can
encourage to do something about the noise
from the condenser
GREGORY COLLING I think thats
47
something thats -- that we certainly can
work with Mark on
STEVEN WINTER May I remind the
Chair just to be a timekeeper we are at
eight oclock We are at ten till eight and
just to remind the Chair that we are working
hard to stay on the schedule
HUGH RUSSELL So we can dilly
dally around for six minutes because
otherwise well have to take another break
But Ahmed did you want to say
something
AHMED NUR Okay I think most of
the points have been covered by my colleagues
definitely for the approval of this
renovation One concern that I share with --
and I think a lot of people said the same
thing but Im concerned with Mark Sullivans
case The rear of the house Im assuming
48
the shrubs the houses are too close So
wherever the property line might be for the
surveyors I mean trees outgrow and you dont
want to cover (inaudible) And obviously by
rule hes going to come down to chop it
Its his right to do that
GREGORY COLLING Right Theres an
access alley for servicing the facade of that
house on the property Theres about a three
foot path against the house
AHMED NUR And also I cant really
see whether that facade where the shrubs are
where the east or southern sun and if its
going to be eight foot tall it might block or
overshadow his kitchen or whatever it is near
the rear of the house
GREGORY COLLING I dont think the
hedge was planned to be eight feet
AHMED NUR Okay
49
MARK SULLIVAN May I speak
AHMED NUR Mark wants to speak
MARK SULLIVAN Just to make a
comment clear Im not interested in an eight
foot hedge either because I think the space
will look quite nice And as you folks have
summarized you know our concerns are
primarily noise some of which we can easily
work out with Lianne and some is mechanical
To be able to borrow an improved view would
be nice
HUGH RUSSELL Ready to act on this
Would someone like to put forward the motion
referring to the application for the specific
relief sought
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair Id like
to -- and fellow Board Members Id like to
make a motion that the application for a
Special Permit to convert a non-residential
50
structure to residential use to reduce the
amount of required parking and to occupy the
lot with more dwelling units than would be
allowed dimensionally The conventional C
Zoning District dimensional regulations be
allowed based on the findings of this Board
and also on conditions as discussed by this
Board Im not sure what they are at the
moment specifically but relating
specifically to conversations that he will
have with his immediate abutter relating to
concerns about lighting and sound and
landscaping details And maintenance access
rights over the property Thats the motion
BRIAN MURPHY So moved
H THEODORE COHEN Second
HUGH RUSSELL I heard Teds second
first
Is there discussion on the motion
51
All those in favor of the motion
(Raising hands)
HUGH RUSSELL All members voting in
favor And thats it
Thank you for a very clear presentation
and a great architectural job
GREGORY COLLING Thank you very
much
(A short recess was taken)
HUGH RUSSELL All right we can
begin now on the next item on the agenda
which is a discussion of a recommendation on
the Teague Petition on light trespass And
we had a public hearing and before we made
comments those comments were referred to the
staff And Jeff Roberts and other people on
the staff have thought about those and come
back with a written response to what we
brought to them So I think what wed like
52
to do is start with Jeff presenting the work
that hes done and the thinking and the
rationale behind it Then well ask
Mr Teague to respond to that and then we
will decide what were going to say to the
Council
So please proceed
JEFF ROBERTS Thank you Mr Chair
Jeff Roberts CDD
I just wanted to briefly go over mostly
just the proposed modifications which are in
the package that we sent to the Board It
starts following the text of the draft
recommendation On the text of the draft
recommendation itself is as we tend to do
sometimes we take the Boards comments and
form it into a draft recommendation And
certainly were all open to hearing the
Boards comments and suggestions about
53
revisions that we can then take back and
modify as the Board wishes But I wanted to
take a moment to go over some of the proposed
text that comes after -- the Zoning text that
comes after that in order to address some of
the questions because some questions have
come up since this came out We wanted to
try to address those right off the bat
In general the intent of the proposed
modifications is to retain the same overall
scope as the petition and to create some
clearer standards that rely less on
discretionary enforcement That was an issue
that the Planning Board raised at the last
hearing But one of the considerations that
we have is to keep within the scope of the
initial petition and not to deviate largely
from that scope which would require a
possible re-advertisement of the petition
54
The one particular issue thats come up
that we have -- I feel that we maybe havent
addressed fully is the question of how this
applies to existing lighting And this is
a -- this is an issue thats covered broadly
in Zoning by the state laws that enable
Municipal Zoning Rules and this comes from
Chapter 40A Section 6 of the state laws
which says -- and Im skipping a little bit
but basically says A Zoning Ordinance or
by-law shall not apply to structures or uses
lawfully in existence or lawfully begun but
shall -- before that Zoning change was
adopted but shall apply to any change or
substantial extension of such use to any
reconstruction extension or structural
change of such structure and to any
alteration of a structure to provide for its
use for a substantially different purpose or
55
for the same purpose in a substantially
different manner that was substantially
greater extent And thats the overall
framework within which the Zoning Ordinance
is written
In Cambridge the Zoning Ordinance we
also have Article 8 which is a which is a
general set of standards on non-conformity
which starts with that state law provision
and adds some other instances where for one
reason or another the City allows
non-conforming structures or non-conforming
uses to continue in certain specific ways
So based on this overall framework
its our understanding that whether the
original petition language were put forward
or in the case of the modified language it
would apply to new buildings new uses and
significant alterations that -- to buildings
56
or to lighting and would not compel existing
property owners who installed their lighting
you know in a way that was legal at the
time before this petition was advertised
would not compel them to change their
lighting or to take down any existing
fixtures
In fact the proposed text is meant to
clarify that the non-conformity rules
wouldnt necessarily apply to maintain an
existing non-conforming lighting light when
you do when you do significant alterations
to a building So its meant to clarify that
any change you make to a building to a use
or to the lighting on a building has to be
brought into conformance with what the new
regulations are
So thats just one overall piece And
then Id like to just take a quick step
57
through some of the -- what the provisions
actually are And it says it says Page 1
of 6 where it starts but its several pages
into the document Im sorry about the page
numbering
The first page covers the definitions
which are included thats included in the
original petition There are some small
changes for clarity and directness of
application Some additions borrowed
from other -- which weve borrowed a little
bit by looking at other Ordinances that had
been actually brought up at the public
hearings and Ive spent a little bit of time
looking through those and comparing the
standards that are proposed with standards
that are in existence in some other places
and some that might have been held up as
models And in particular thats the
58
standards having to do with the illuminance
rating and the illuminance and that factors
in later on So Ill just skip ahead with
that
On page 2 the applicability again
makes it clear where were enforcing these
standards which would be really any in any
instance where Zoning rules do apply And we
included some exceptions in response to the
Planning Boards comment about will this be
possibly too extensive or have unintended
consequences Some of these exceptions are
present in the original petition Some have
been added For instance in A where it
talks about city lighting thats a provision
thats suggested to make sure that the City
essentially doesnt get in its own way For
instance if there was a situation in a
public park where the neighbors were
59
concerned about safety and made a request to
the City to increase lighting the Citys
hands wouldnt then be tied by its own
Ordinance to be able to respond to that kind
of a public concern
Indoor lighting is included because I
think that in most other Ordinances the
illumination standards do specify outdoor
lighting Indoor lighting can be very
difficult to enforce If somebody put a lamp
in their window would you then have to take
a Zoning enforcement action Its a
difficult scenario in which to try to apply a
Zoning enforcement
And the abandon new provision was
actually one that was taken from -- which is
on page 3 I believe was taken -- it was a
suggestion thats included from other
Ordinances again to try to to the extent
60
possible facilitate the replacement of old
non-conforming fixtures with with newer
conforming fixtures and not to allow people
to use the fact that the light hasnt been --
its been sort of not on for a long time to
then do something that might not otherwise be
in conformance
The rest of page 3 makes it makes a
change in the language on the regulation to
clarify that whats being regulated are the
things that cause the light rather than light
itself thats being regulated It is more
straightforward in my opinion to regulate
physical fixtures and structures in a way
that can be directly observed and enforced
The overall regulation remains based on the
sort of the principle that was described by
the petitioner which is that you can
visually verify whether a light is -- is in
61
conformance or potentially not in
conformance And I think it was the Boards
suggestion that perhaps there could be a
recourse that then a property owner could
either then fix the problem or could provide
some evidence that the light actually is in
conformance with what those specific
standards are
We did I should note on again that
the burden really would be on the installer
And under B I think as well as A and C on
that page we can you know we can add the
text that the installer has demonstrated I
think that would be your reasonable standard
that was just as a clerical matter It was
just left out of the text
The -- there was a comment that about
the half a foot candle 05 foot candles and
in terms of whether that was a too high a
62
standard There are other -- there are
actually a range of standards that are used
in many other Ordinances They have
different standards that apply to different
zones and different districts and to be
consistent with the petition were trying to
figure out something that could apply
citywide So 05 may be you know may be on
the high end Other cities use 035 02
01 or sometimes as low as 005 but that
tends to be again where theres a
separation between residential districts and
non-residential districts And we can look
at that a little more or talk about that a
little more
And then I just wanted to make a
comment too because this was brought up in
723 thats retaining the existing text in
the Zoning I think there may have been some
63
confusion as to whether that is meant to
imply that this continues to only apply only
in Residence A B C and C1 districts which
is not the case The new regulations would
apply citywide If there was concern about
these regulations and whether or not they
would apply to other districts such as
Residence C-2 we could add Residence C-2 to
that list as an amendment to that text but
the petition didnt actually amend that text
so we left it we left it as is
Another consideration is to say that
the new regulation supersedes the old
regulation and maybe theres no need to have
it at all and it could be deleted
The next page on page 4 is -- it talks
about enforcement And this is again based
on the -- its the sort of core of the
petition that this should be a
64
complaint-driven enforcement There is a
general provision Article 9 of the Zoning
for a person to to request a Zoning
enforcement and this is just a way to
provide some more detail to that process
where in this particular case were looking
at this as a special case there would be a
process of recording a specific item and then
having the owner have a chance to respond and
then at that point being able to move forward
with other avenues of Zoning enforcement just
to provide opportunities where these issues
can be resolved in a straight forward manner
There is one note one comment that was
made to me that it says in 7242 the owner
of any property intends and it actually is
true that in the Zoning its not necessarily
a property owner but any aggrieved person
So it could be a renter who could file that
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kind of complaint So that would be a
recommended change to this That is to say
instead of the owner of any property just any
individual could make that request
The rest of it is very similar to the
petition We did add one note that says that
just to -- I guess a clarifying note and
its on page 6 where the -- they talk about
parking regulations that the lighting must
conform to the requirements of Article 7
Again just to kind of button things up And
there was a question also that was raised
about I think outside of this it wasnt in
the petition but whether one foot -- what is
one foot candle be the appropriate standard
recommended standard for a parking lot And
its a question thats difficult to answer
but it it may be worth the Citys
consideration at some point --
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HUGH RUSSELL When we do parking
lots half a free candle is the lowest level
You look at -- because the light is much
brighter under the luminaire theres a
minimum number and theres a ratio between
the brightest and the least bright portion
because of that ratio gets very high the eye
adjusts and so you have to keep that range
down But for that reason I would think
spilling a half a foot candle on somebody
elses property which is a reasonable
standard for a parking lot would be an
unreasonable spill standard And I think we
should not be allowed to spill as much light
as would allow your next-door neighbor to
have in a parking lot So maybe it should
be you know substantially lower and maybe a
02 setting you know And it certainly
worked under Ordinances where its 01 but
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youre in more suburban locations where its
more easy to achieve that
MEMBER OF THE AUDIENCE Can you
turn the volume up on the microphone so we
can hear you better
HUGH RUSSELL Ill try to move
closer to the microphone You werent here
earlier when we were having the feedback
problems Im hoping we can go back to our
regular meeting room sooner rather than later
where its a little bit easier there
So sorry Jeff I interrupted you
JEFF ROBERTS Thats fine
I think thats actually a good point
to you know in order for me to stop and to
let the Board ask questions or respond
HUGH RUSSELL So I guess my
question is based on the public testimony
many people came in and they said theres
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this awful wall pack that somebody put up a
while ago and its really annoying And what
Im hearing you say is that because of the
way that the Zoning Ordinance and the Zoning
enabling network we cant we cant solve
that problem Is there a way to solve that
through the municipal lighting or should we
recommend to the Council that they pursue
that question Because to me its you know
having been the victim of wall packs in the
past and I got my neighbor to do a pretty
good job of fixing it eventually but I --
personally Im aware of that and I think we
heard this testimony And so is -- how do
you -- is it possible to deal with that if
you cant do it in Zoning some other way
JEFF ROBERTS Well Im not -- I
have to admit first that Im not an expert on
non-zoning legal matters but I can tell you
69
what Ive found in you know in just my
reading
Well first of all there is a
Municipal Code which is separate from the
Zoning Ordinance which doesnt it is not
established under Chapter 40-A but does
still have to adhere to any superseding state
laws or regulations so And again Im
not well enough versed in that to give
specific answers I -- but for you know
there is an examine in Cambridge for
example where you can look at the noise
ordinance in Cambridge where that is part of
the Zoning Code and its not part of the
Zoning Ordinance and its treated and
enforced in a you know different mechanism
I do know that because it was
recommended by the Board to look at other
examples that we have looked at Newtons
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Newton Mass Code and they do have
requirements in their Zoning that apply to
you know new development new lighting but
they also have a light trespass provision
within their Ordinance on I believe its
miscellaneous finds and offenses that
discusses the amount of light trespass thats
allowed on an adjacent property And I
cant I cant say because I dont have any
firsthand examples whether thats been used
to enforce enforce an Ordinance on a
situation that was pre-existing I just
got -- actually I just got through one of
their former plans They had experience of
reviewing it through site plan review for
Zoning and making sure the lighting is
conforming that way but not whether there was
enforcement done in a different way
HUGH RUSSELL Do we have other
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questions for Jeff
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
Jeff I think you did a great job The staff
did a great job And first Ill go back to
the last issue which is I would make a
recommendation or suggestion to City Council
or the staff that somebody ask the Law
Department because I think it is indeed a
problem under the Zoning Enabling Act to try
to deal with pre-existing non-conforming uses
or structures and that whether one could as
an analog to the noise ordinance adopt a
light ordinance at the site of Zoning which
might be immediately applicable to existing
uses
I -- the first question I have is in
your Section 723 where theres the
reference at the very end Proposed addition
shall conform to the requirements of Section
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722 above
Is that intended to bring in the as
written currently not exceed one half foot
candle at any point beyond the property line
JEFF ROBERTS Yes That added
language I would characterize it as sort of
a buttoning up Just to make it clear that
723 doesnt supersede 722 but rather that
this is a sort of an additional set of -- and
it remains as additional set of standards and
requirements that -- but that 722 also
applies with regard to the shielding and the
spill --
H THEODORE COHEN Right right I
just wanted it to be clear in my mind that if
there were some spill under 723 but it did
not exceed the half foot candle or whatever
standard was ultimately agreed upon that
that would be okay
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JEFF ROBERTS I -- as long as it --
yes if it meets all -- if it meets all the
standards If its only -- if it is
continuous and of indirect note and other
definitions but if its -- if it prevents
direct light from any other property and
shall conform -- oh Im sorry now I
understand what youre asking
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not view --
JEFF ROBERTS 723 supersedes 722
Well that may be that may be a concern I
guess if it is -- if that if that language
creates ambiguity --
H THEODORE COHEN Let me rephrase
it
JEFF ROBERTS Yes
H THEODORE COHEN My concern is
that we not -- in going after the people who
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we really want to go after we are not making
every property owner every house owner who
has got a house you know with a light two
feet from their abutting property owners
property line is not going to be in violation
of this if it complies with whatever minimal
standard has been written into the Ordinance
And so as I read 722 if it wasnt more than
05 foot candle if you know that was okay
and I wanted to be clear that under 723 the
same standard would apply
JEFF ROBERTS Yes I would say that
is the intent But I think youve noted
something that could potentially being
resolved an ambiguity that could be resolved
by the text
H THEODORE COHEN Okay I dont
have the you know the knowledge or
background to say what the right level is
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Ill have to take you know Hughs or
staffs determination of what is the proper
level
The comment you made on 7242
changing owner of any property to an
individual gives me some discomfort because
the way its been written now it relates as
you know a lot of Special Permits or Zoning
enforcement relates to aggrieved party within
300 feet or abutters to abutters and just
changing it to an individual is not tieing it
to some particular location And so I would
ask that you think about that again if you
want to go away from the owner of a property
that it somehow -- I mean I mean we dont
-- we want people who have a legitimate right
to be able to complain about it but not
necessarily someone whos a half mile away
saying oh I dont like the way that light
76
looks when I drive by So I would just be
careful about that
I had been concerned about the
overreach of everything under the original
language And I still am concerned about the
fact that if you can see it it can be deemed
a violation but I think the provision youve
written in here in 7242 ameliorates my
concerns a lot that there is this whole
process so that were not going to have
frivolous complaints being made or complaints
that you know neighbors versus neighbors
who just happen to be right next to each
other and saying well you know your porch
light is too bright because I can see it So
Im much more comfortable with that
TOM SIENIEWICZ I just have a
comment and a question Jeff and I also
wanted to compliment you on how carefully you
77
listened and how much better this is since
the last time we saw it I think its worth
emphasis that the issue of standing which is
sort of cemented in the law of Zoning really
be more carefully articulated here I too
am uncomfortable about straining from that
issue Its abutters and abutters to
abutters and the 300-foot radius is I think
what I would be looking for in terms of
aggrieved parties as a definition But the
thing that Im missing the most I think
from a nearly perfect redrafted section here
and looking at the Section 641 at the end
which is entitled Purpose made me think
that I was missing that in the illumination
section sort of just a general couple of
sentences at the beginning to say why are we
concerned about this in the city of
Cambridge And obviously were concerned
78
about the spilling of light on to adjacent
properties and the effect it might have on
the ability of those adjacent property owners
to enjoy their property And I think its
another thing missing And its interesting
that this diagram is up here on the screen
because the aggrieved party is gesturing at
the ground and looking at his neighbor But
actually theres another condition that the
section of the Ordinance could address which
is which is the night sky And I think that
thats another purpose of this Ordinance
which is to control the effective light
spilling up into the night sky which is an
issue of environmental concern increasingly
in this country and I think Cambridge should
take credit for and also highlight its
concern about the issue that light should not
unnecessarily spill into the night sky So I
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really think the Ordinance and the diagram on
the right of the screen shows in fact the
lighting fixture thats doing both of those
things and thats correctly I think what we
should be concerned about And thank you
just two minor points
Thanks Jeff
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Well
first I want to say you talking about the
Rule of 40-A and the non-conforming
structures I think because this has come to
us from people who are dealing with this
problem now I would really like to see
included in your memo and the language that
you very carefully drafted with some changes
that my fellow board members that I think
articulated well Id like to see in our
memo a recommendation that City Council
really take up the approach that you
80
described Newton has which is that the
two-pronged approach The General Ordinance
to deal with the problem that is there now
where one property owner is creating a
nuisance for the other property owner so that
they can get some relief from existing
things but also that going forward we would
have that ongoing review and pro-active
dealing with this so that we dont create
those situations in the future
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes go ahead
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to agree
wholeheartedly with what you just said and
also I want to agree that I think we -- the
changes that you made to this from my
perspective are an improvement And I think
you hit upon a lot of the core issues that we
were concerned about The problem I think
81
that you have what you stated was within the
confines of a Zoning Petition You can only
change so much before it becomes something
else And I guess my recommendation would be
that the -- we actually look at with a
non-conforming piece it just -- its great
for new stuff but it doesnt do anything
about the current situation and I think
there may be some better mechanisms
So my recommendation would be that the
City really take this on but it actually
become a petition from -- that we work on to
get it right That would then you remember
at the first hearing I commented about the
fact that we probably -- it would be good to
have a consultant to help us with things half
of a lit candle versus something else And
if you had a city process where youre trying
to solve that you can do that So I think
82
as I said I think what this petition is
trying to do is very very good but Zoning
is always a proved mechanism to do it And I
am a little concerned Specifically I think
there is a -- Im concerned about what
constitutes a change Were talking about a
fixture versus a building so that -- and you
have the license that says if its new
construction yes But if youre altering or
changing it but what if you alter or change
the light fixture I mean that gets -- that
definition to me gets very unclear If a
light fixture is one light to the left and
they want to change it is that a change To
me it gets a little confusing The initial
standing I would agree also is the fact it
has to be and we just cant have people who
are renting and stuff like that this could
be a nightmare And I guess Im very
83
concerned about the the Section 2-point -- I
mean 7242 which is really the enforcement
piece And I think you will get a lot of
frivolous complaints They may not be
frivolous in the mind of the person
complaining but it may turn out to the
frivolous And even if it isnt frivolous
Im just concerned that it may get a lot I
mean the poor superintendent of buildings is
just going to get a lot of this stuff And
you know you get a complaint you have to
determine that the complaints valid Im
just concerned about that So I think you
know Municipal Code andor Zoning
combination just has a better approach to me
to solving as opposed to trying to just doing
it all
And thats all
PAMELA WINTERS Thanks Hugh
84
Is this on Im just curious I dont
know what a foot candle is How many watts
like for a bulb is it
JEFF ROBERTS Thats hard to say
So Ill try to do this in very laymens
terms Theres -- in lighting theres such
thing as theres luminance and then theres
illuminance And luminance is like your
bulb So if you have a 60-watt light bulb
thats -- I think somewhere around to
determine like 850 900 luminance which is
the -- because wattage is always different
depending on what kind of light you have
You measure the brightness of the light in
luminance and thats just the point source
of light
Illuminance means how much light youre
casting on something thats away So what --
the light that just that bulb is casting on
85
the floor or the wall is called illuminance
And its measured in -- foot candles are kind
of a weird unit I actually dont know how
it came about but its also I believe
equivalent to luminance per square foot So
its like imagining a light sort of creating
a wash over over a surface So its really
the intensity of the light spread over a
surface that its that its shining on So
you basically measure it and you use whats
called a lux meter You cant measure it if
you have sort of a room where you can just
turn on one light source you can hold up a
lux meter and get a reading on what the
illuminance is thats being a -- what that
means is that the further you get away from
the light source the illuminance or the foot
candles goes down And I should say too
and this could be a technical point that was
86
made to me and addressed to me that the
illuminance is generally as a technical
standard is measured horizontally against the
ground and vertically on a you know sort of
up and down direction And that could be
also clarified in the Zoning I think as a
technical point just to make sure its
consistent with what the professional
standards are
PAMELA WINTERS Well I was just a
little bit concerned about 723 because I
know in our house we have a driveway that the
front unit uses and we do too And also we
have our back unit And if we didnt have
the lighting up there we have sort of a
two-pronged lighting fixture one which goes
to the driveway and one which goes into
behind the gate in our backyard It would
it would really it would be pitch black
87
there and it would cause real security
issues But again its like we use --
like I dont know 50-watt bulbs so I dont
know what candle measurement would be but
you know we do try to you know we shine it
on those particular areas But Im sure some
of it you know does get reflected to some
of the neighbor -- I dont know
You know we also have an arbor and we
would put up Christmas lights around the
arbor all year actually and so -- we also
have plighting in the trees in our yard
HUGH RUSSELL Night sky
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah -- no no no
because the trees block the you know just
the trees block the --
STEVEN COHEN Youre going to jail
PAMELA WINTERS Yeah maybe I
shouldnt have said anything Anyway so I
88
guess I have an issue about that So I dont
know do you have any comments on that
JEFF ROBERTS No I mean I
think --
STEVEN COHEN Walk away
JEFF ROBERTS Youve done a good
job of I think illustrating the complexity of
enforcing these regulations in a way
thats --
PAMELA WINTERS I know
JEFF ROBERTS -- this sets you
know a clear set of standards and is as a
complaint-driven enforcement mechanism So
if you went up and uninstalled that light and
if you were you know installing that you
know whatever after the Zoning was
advertised and someone had a complaint with
it they would hopefully come to you first
and see if you could redirect it and you
89
know kind of give you their permission that
its okay But if not they could you know
they could -- if your light was not you
know shielded as its been described and
pointed downwards they could take a photo of
it send it to the Building Commissioner and
they could then they could ask you to verify
that your lighting is within the acceptable
parameters
PAMELA WINTERS Poor Building
Commissioner Boy Anyway go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Steve you want to
go
STEVEN WINTER Mr Chair may I
speak
HUGH RUSSELL Go ahead
STEVEN WINTER Thank you
Mr Chair I simply wanted to concur that
with the general direction that the
90
conversation is going I concur with my
colleagues And I also would like to echo
the sentiment that the presentation of the
Zoning and the side bar Jeff the
explanations in them have made this a really
good exercise Jeff thank you for that
HUGH RUSSELL Id like to comment
that first several board members havent
spoken yet and secondly we have the
proponent of the original petition before us
who has studied the subject and studied the
proposal before us and I think we need to
listen to him And we have other members of
the public here And since theres something
substantially different in our
recommendation we need to listen to them
So I think Steve and Ahmed and I have
some comments too
STEVEN COHEN Jeff to the extent
91
that this is technical I dont have the
technical experience or knowledge to second
guess you And you seem to have made
yourself an expert in this area of lighting
over the passed few months But in general
on technical matters Im very much inclined
to defer to the analysis and research and
thought and efforts by you and the staff So
I think that youve done great on that The
thing to me thats most interesting and just
understand most important is this whole
question of non-conformity To the extent
that all of this is just prospective I think
it works reasonably well from every
perspective and including from an enforcement
perspective Its the non-conformities I
just want to ask you a little bit more about
first of all just under 40A6 as
interpreted as applied here what sort of
92
changes would would bring a fixture out of a
legal non-conforming status Clearly
replacing the fixture its got to be brought
up to Code If youre making changes
alterations to the structure other than the
fixture does that at any point trigger a
requirement
JEFF ROBERTS Well it could And
thats the way weve essentially written it
to try to be as encompassing in scope as
possible to not provide any kind of
non-conformity exceptions that would allow
someone whos making an alteration that
requires a Building Permit or even an
Electrical Permit to install to install new
lighting To utilize the non-conformity
rules to be able to leave something up
thats not conforming
STEVEN COHEN So Im not sure Im
93
understanding what youre saying So if
somebodys making a substantial change and --
but it doesnt involve the fixture are you
saying they do have to bring it into
conformity
JEFF ROBERTS If we -- in the
proposal that weve written --
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS -- and we have
specified that And if you do specify that
you can require that a property owner do
that
STEVEN COHEN And as youve
proposed it here what is the trigger point
I mean what is the extent of change that
would trigger the requirement
JEFF ROBERTS It would essentially
be that if youre it would be -- at least
the enforcement path would be you need to get
94
a permit for -- from Inspectional Services
to to make an alteration to the building or
to change the use of the building in a way
that it falls within that definition of where
Zoning regulations can apply And thats
and theres -- and its sort of laid out in
Article 8 of the Zoning It says that any
alteration to the exterior of the structure
any alteration of the structure to
accommodate a different use substantially
different use than whats there at the time
and any enlargement of a use those are
those are the types of things or any
enlargement of a building those are the
types of things that you then have to if you
do that you have to comply with Zoning
STEVEN COHEN So bear with me I
wanted to work through this a little bit If
Im adding an addition to my house then my
95
lighting must -- all of the lighting must
comply If Im adding a window to my
existing house do I have to bring lighting
into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS If its just a
replacement of an existing window
STEVEN COHEN Say Im enlarging an
opening or adding a new window
JEFF ROBERTS Right Then that
would trigger a Zoning review for Zoning
compliance --
STEVEN COHEN So it has to be
brought into compliance
JEFF ROBERTS Right So thats the
way its currently written again to try to
maintain the expansiveness and the scope of
the petition thats been proposed But the
Zoning could specify could be more specific
about where you do and where you dont
96
require that lighting be brought into
conformance with the Zoning Code
STEVEN COHEN I mean obviously
youve put some thought into this and this is
what youre recommending Do you have any
concern that that might be an overly broad
requirement basically anybody doing anything
with their house other than painting or
repairs theyre going to have to bring all
their lighting into compliance Its more
than grandfathering everything Its not as
much as the proponents originally wished for
which is apply everywhere today I mean
whats your thought Do you see -- do you
have any concerns about this or are you
pretty comfortable and confident about that
recommendation
JEFF ROBERTS I would say that
there are concerns about that Its
97
generally more strict than in other aspects
of Zoning where you may be allowed to
maintain an existing non-conformity as long
as the work -- thats sort of what I meant
when I referred to Article 8 Article 8 has
certain rules that say that you can if you
do some work that doesnt affect an existing
non-conformity then you can sort of keep
that non-conformity And the question is
really whats the desired outcome Is it to
just allow lighting to be replaced with
better lighting during the -- you know
during the natural course of its life Is
it you know burns out or no longer
functional or when youre -- or just when
youre building new buildings Or is it to
try as quickly as possible to bring as much
lighting as possible into conformance with
whats with whats desired
98
And I guess I can try to characterize
who because Ive had conversations with the
Building Commissioner the Superintendent
about what the what the impact is going to
be in terms of enforcement and it does
require some more strict requirements for
someone whos for instance you know just
changing the use of a building If they have
an office building and theyre putting in a
restaurant and they dont really want to
touch the outside of the building
Inspectional Services would still demand that
they show a lighting plan with all of their
existing lighting And if it doesnt
conform then show a plan that you know pay
whatever it costs to bring it into
compliance
STEVEN COHEN Just a couple more
quick questions
99
Again on the question of
non-conformity you know it struck me that
you know while some people might consider to
be onerous to have -- to bring all the
lighting up to compliance that maybe there
might be some basis for distinction between
commercial and residential uses And even
with residential perhaps between you know
multi-unit and structures and say three
families or smaller just a thought about
that possible distinction
And I guess one final thought unless
Im mistaken if my memory serves me
correctly the sign code and the sign
ordinance which I think is part of the
Zoning my recollection is that there is
there was something in there when it was
originally passed essentially a sunset type
law that for certain kinds of non-conforming
100
signs they were permitted to remain in
existence but only for a limited period of
time I dont know how that slipped under
40A unless maybe the sign ordinance deemed to
be non-zoning or under the police power or
something but it if Im right in my
recollection it might offer another avenue
for thought in the way of dealing with
non-conforming uses
WILLIAM TIBBS Can I just real
quick just as a follow up to just what you
were just saying I just -- I just want to I
guess you remind us that process-wise the
petitioner made a petition we made comments
and Jeff was trying to write stuff relative
to our comments I didnt want you to feel
that Jeff was making a recommendation back to
us Hes just making recommendations and to
us -- hes just trying to get some writing
101
which reflects what he thought he was hearing
which I thought he did a very good job of
This isnt a proposal from the City to us
Its really a proposal as to how to change
the language within the parameters of the
permit process
STEVEN COHEN I see
WILLIAM TIBBS He has limits to
what he can do
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Thank you
Jeff you dont have to answer these
right now but I just want you to basically
give it a thought or maybe consider if its
not I really couldnt find the language but
I was wondering about lights and dynamics in
motion Such as the city grows in night with
cyclists that we have all these flashing
lights that are head on with cars and we
102
have the City of Cambridge -- we had the City
had after market head lamps you know you
see one thats manufactured correctly thats
illuminating beautifully and youll see a
tiny light of maybe even like a one foot
candle you know combination and also facing
the wrong way kind of blinding people so on
and so forth so I just thought of have you
thought about with traffic Thats one
And second comment that I wanted to
make is as engineers when we build buildings
we tend to have lights blend in with the
indoor or outdoor environment You know for
example if we were to put up a tile in a
sonar or something we would put the lighting
in first and then put the tile in so then we
can see the shadow it produces on the tile
You know as opposed to installing the tile
first and then putting the light in So
103
have you considered or will you consider the
architectural impact the lights might have on
an environment How hot it is in there
What type of material it is And is it
bundled material if the lights are shining on
a bundled material produce a shadow you
know type
Thats all
HUGH RUSSELL Okay I have four
comments I think its important that we not
restrict the complaint process to owners of
property because if youre a tenant in say
a multi-family building and youre aggrieved
because somebody -- you may be impossible to
convince the owner of your apartment building
to bring a complaint and there could be many
reasons why the owner might not
I think you mentioned the abutters and
abutters to abutters in Cambridge but maybe
104
expanding that to allow people who are at
least tenants to also bring those complaints
Historical note dark sky The largest
telescope in the world was located in
Cambridge Massachusetts in about 1855 And
that instrument is still in Cambridge
although its utilities have been somewhat
diminished both because its only 15 inches
in diameter and secondly the parking lot
lights around the observatory cut off three
magnitudes of what they can see through it
and the night sky I think we should
recommend the City in its consideration of
light trespass really need to hire experts
And I mean uses have repeatedly that think
the CE Department has the technical expertise
to really get the fine grain I think we do
not have that expertise and thats just
going to have to be part of the process And
105
I wouldnt want to hold up the enactment of
the Zoning piece but it might be that well
come back and say no youve got to make some
small adjustments to the Zoning in the
context of the other one We can do that
Fourth point is what triggers the
clients And I want to remind people of the
yellow sheet that we now get In order to do
almost anything to a house in the city
because almost every house is non-conforming
the exterior of the house has to go before
the Zoning Board and so you might want to
write in that when you make the trip to the
Zoning Board youve also got to demonstrate
that youre lighting
Changing light fixtures in the context
of a renovation plan isnt the huge part of
the plan but it might have a big impact on
the results to some of the people And if
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the Zoning Board was also looking at that
these questions and asking those questions
during their reviews we might get some more
places where we -- that would be in effect
H THEODORE COHEN Just one
clarifying Jeff Im sorry In 723
theres a reference any permanent lighting
permitted by the pre-exempt shall be shall be
continuous and direct etcetera etcetera
Many of us have outdoor lighting for
driveways and porches that are on motion
detectors so that theyre only on when
somebody is entering or leaving is that
does the word continuous mean that things
like that would not be permitted
JEFF ROBERTS That was a question
that crossed my mind as well but not really
something that was included in the scope of
the petition so I didnt I didnt look into
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that very closely to see how they enforce it
I dont believe that a motion sensor light is
considered a non-continuous light I think a
non-continuous light refers to flashing or
strobe I guess
HUGH RUSSELL You mentioned at some
point that possibly 723 (inaudible) is one
provision in it that it talks about the
decorative lighting that might be added in
the 722 list of things of exceptions And
as I think if -- we had several discussions
about what how do these two things work
together and youre thinking I think that
you could probably just delete 723 so that
that confusion didnt come up And take
whatevers in it that isnt in the rest of it
and put it in the rest
Okay if we are complete with our
comments Id like Mr Teague to critique us
108
CHARLES TEAGUE You dont really
want me to critique you
WILLIAM TIBBS Sure Briefly
critique us
CHARLES TEAGUE Im on the ten
minute clock here Charles Teague 23
Edmunds Street and you have caught me out
This was a Band-Aid This was going to be a
quick thing despite and despite being a
quick thing by attorneys engineers
architects lighting experts so you know
it looks trivial to small amount of changes
but it was subtle The last time we were
here there was a question of as why you could
see the light elements on the pitches of good
lights And thats because you can see the
elements on the pitches of good light if
youre standing where the light is supposed
to be and you cant see it where light is not
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supposed to be And so and yes all your
discussion about -- so I spent an hour on the
phone with the firm who is the town the
towns -- the solicitors for the town of
Ashland reviewed their sunset clauses Its
a Municipal Code And yes the proper
lighting ordinance is in the Municipal Code
Everybody stuffs it in the Zoning where you
run into the grandfathering problem So once
you get out you can do the sunset clauses
you can expire something after ten years
And he showed me the examples on the signs
And so yeah this is all wrong We
shouldnt spend a lot of time on this We
should have just got it over with you know
two years ago but here we are So Im not
exactly -- so just on process you had a long
discussion of process the last time And now
this is gone through the Ordinance Committee
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CDD was there participated Was referred
favorably to the full Council I say its
not the time for a major rewrite And the
trouble I have is that theres major
differences outcomes and a lot about
enforcement and a lot about grandfathering
What I tried to do very -- and we -- its
basically because as Jeff astutely pointed
out is that he used an entirely different
method He refers to the fixture I refer
to the light And he thought it was more
clear to refer to the fixture but once you
do that youre explicitly grandfathering
everything And I was trying to see if we
can if we can sneak by And because this
was supposed to be a quick fix And then
youre supposed to go off and do a real
Municipal Ordinance with real professionals
and a real budget which I dont have
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The reason why its important and lets
go back public health public safety
Theres the safety of too much light versus
too little light We had expert testimony on
health direct light or we just went over
why the visible and good lights And the
scope and were afraid of this wipe of
enforcement Enforcement one of the things
about enforcement is that if its simple you
can handle more stuff But simplicity I
lets say people dont go down to the
Building Commissioner and ask him to enforce
things They come to community meetings and
theyre really upset and they ask me And
thats how enforcement works in my
neighborhood And its Charles Teague that
goes down to the Building Department
Theres not a lot of enforcement in Zoning
going on And so and it comes through you
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know the neighborhood experts So and then
theres the whole grandfather issue
So there we go Theres the good
light You can -- I took this picture
consciously so that you could see the
lighting elements and then youve got the arm
under the Mount Auburn Hospital and Im on
their property in their driveway and thats
good light And theres the area to be lit
So anyways what were trying to avoid
is legal And we dont want neighbors suing
neighbors but they can They can sue under
the nuisance on their reasonable use and
enjoyment And so the lawyers I talked with
just gone through this in Lincoln They sued
because there was -- the town wouldnt
enforce the one line of the Zoning Ordinance
and they also sued under nuisances There
were other things in the case but its the
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fees in the six figures They started in
2008 They finished their trial this March
in 2013 and he says the decision could take
two years So this is not what we want the
citizens of Cambridge to have to do to get
relief
And so back to grandfathering Granted
if youre replacing light thats fine Its
not grandfathered And the key is the
burden And its its the same Its
basically the same to put up a good light as
a bad light Bulb replacement you know I
dont know sometimes to replace a bulb is
you know in this day and time its just as
hard -- easy to replace the whole fixture if
you have to go up high and bring up a crane
and all that stuff
So but my thesis and we dont know
whether this will work but this was the
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attempt and this was why I defined an
entirely different than the way Jeff defined
it is the light requires predicate acts
You have to switch it on You have to pay
the bill You have to change the bulb
Those are conscious acts that you do
otherwise the light wouldnt be doing bad
things And lastly you know if we actually
go and memorialize that all existing lights
are grandfathered theres a bunch of lights
out there that could have been enforced
They are in violation The trouble were
missing is the explicit definitions and we
could have gone through the appeal process
through the BZA or to Superior Court and we
could have got some resolution So there
still is another path to getting resolution
But going back to the previous slide it
isnt really something you want neighbors to
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be doing
So this is this is a commentary from
Bobrowski who wrote the handbook on land use
And hes talking about the restrictions on
the site the external restrictions And
hes talking about how theres no reported
(inaudible) decisions on the grandfather
section So but hope springs the term But
at this end this was never meant to be such a
process It was supposed to be a quick fix
get in and get out and then hopefully a real
lighting ordinance would happen but I cant
do the real lighting ordinance
So the building -- we sat down with
Councillor van Beuzekom and I sat down with
the Building Commissioner and he says he can
enforce the Teague Petition When they go
and they basically do light enforcement by
asking nicely And the next thing is so you
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cant see the bulb They have people adjust
the lights so you cant see the bulb which
is basically what I wrote I memorialized
And he didnt really know how many Zoning
violations but its a small number And he
asked CDD to consult the Law Department on
the whole grandfathering thing So thats
supposed to be in process But not with my
not with my legal theory
But anyways on -- he looked at CDD
petition He had a series of -- to my --
because Im the neighborhood enforcer
because people come to me I go down to the
Building Department and so I sort of know how
they work And so I went down with Ranjit
He goes well thats nice but we dont have
staff at night So he didnt like the
illumination definition He goes we dont
staff at night We dont have instruments
117
We dont know how to use them
On pulling a Building Permit he would
say well wed actually have to go down there
and look to see if there were actual bad
lights where now people bring in plans
Which you could require a plan for I dont
know you know putting on your dog house or
something but I dont know when external
plans are required But then he went on in
his very practical concern its a lot of --
on the change of use its not going to get
triggered very often because so often he says
they dont need a Building Permit to change
the use So on the aging out of fixtures
he goes he says theres no way we can know
when that fixture was last gone He didnt
like those ones where this where its
referring to the bulb And then there was a
section which said on the certificate of
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occupancy you would actually have to get
plans And he goes well often times a
homeowner comes down hes going to sell his
house or getting a new insurance policy and
theyll want to give them a Certificate of
Occupancy and this is an onerous expense for
so many So -- and then they have an
existing process So what happens is they
get a complaint in they run over there they
look at the thing and they come back and
they make it and they make their decision
And they send out their letters And either
theyre gonna decide to enforce or not
enforce Either person can appeal within 30
days After 30 days its final his decision
is final The Zoning Ordinance Section 1021
says its a $50 fee Their sheet says $100
Ill have to speak to him about that But I
spoke today its six weeks to get a hearing
119
And we have an experienced guy And Ive
seen you guys spend hours and hours resolving
neighborhood -- you send them in the back
room and they come back out Its even at
one in the morning you guys are working this
stuff out Ive seen them do it for a
garbage shed whether the garbage shed could
have a roof on it or not
Now Ranjit didnt like 722A because
only the BZA could issue a Variance So so
then the Kelly Beady guy came in with some
foot candle things just a whole bunch of
details But thats really thats really
Im under my ten minutes right All set
So my final thing is what I would
suggest I would suggest -- well I suggest
the correct answer is the municipal lighting
and we all know that And thats the way it
should be done So I suggest that As for
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this I think this is a major change Its a
change in how its basic fundamental premise
of how its defined and it has these
implications in enforcement because it
requires because now it requires
instrumentation and people at night and
implications in terms of grandfathering
Grandfathering I dont know maybe weve
got 10 percent or 20 percent shot but under
the other way of defining it its zero It
absolutely nails down every existing light
So I would suggest that that petition -- the
other version is so different I dont think
its -- and were at the end of the process
I dont think it should be substituted If
you guys decide to submit it as a Planning
Board petition that would be okay but I
would not I would not I think theyre just
too fundamentally different creatures
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Thank you
WILLIAM TIBBS Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I find this very interesting because
the -- I know I have problems with the
petition as written and even though Jeffs
efforts were very valiant in trying to
incorporate some of our concerns in it I
think Mr Teague has just shown that new
position still has a lot of problems
associated with it So I think unless we
have a process that comes up with something
that is been thought through and worked out
I think I really have a problem with the
petition as it was (Inaudible)
HUGH RUSSELL That last sentence
confused me I didnt hear it I guess Did
you say that you had a problem with the
122
Teague petition or you didnt have a problem
with it
WILLIAM TIBBS I have a problem
with the Teague petition as written and
Jeffs attempts to write different language
which would help solve some of the problems
we all discussed But I think Mr Teague is
just saying that he doesnt feel that the --
he feels that those changes -- actually
changes it enough so that its a very
different thing And even his presentation
shows some of the complexities particularly
as you talk to other city officials with the
CDD version of his petition So its
problematic and I think to me its just very
very clear that its an issue that I think we
all feel its something we should try to
tackle but we should just tackle in a
different way whether its a Planning Board
123
petition Council petition or something And
I know the concern that we had earlier was
that you know these things just take a
long long time and was it something that we
could quickly pass and then work on later
But Im not comfortable with that approach
For me I -- Ill let the other board members
speak for themselves
HUGH RUSSELL Im with you on
the -- I would not want to recommend the
Teague petition to the Council And I would
not do any action want -- I wouldnt want to
just avoid the question because then the
Council might feel that if were not
responding to it we wouldnt respond So my
preference is to ask the staff to tweak the
language based on what theyve heard tonight
and forward the revised language to the
Council and to -- with a discussion that says
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that this is the best we can do in the time
available Its a very complicated issue
and that they should you know and then
theyll have to decide do they want to put
something in place now Do they want to
postpone it Do they want to engage in a
process of writing a Municipal Ordinance
And it seems to me those kinds of questions
are the questions that the Council you know
were offering advice as to what we think can
be done within the Zoning Ordinance and were
offering our comments that we were pretty
content with whats proposed but we
understand its not perfect Now --
WILLIAM TIBBS I think you need to
quantify we
HUGH RUSSELL Thats quite right
and Im not sure everybodys there
Also there are other people who would
125
like to speak and I think we ought to hear
them So maybe we should hold our comments
until that happens
So well agree to the three minute
standard for comments
TOM SIENIEWICZ Mr Chair
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
TOM SIENIEWICZ Im sorry just one
point Did not Mr Teague say that he would
not support the altered drafting of this
piece of Zoning couldnt support it Was
that what he was indicating he was
withdrawing his petition I had that sense
I dont know
HUGH RUSSELL No I think what
hes saying is we submit our recommendation
to Council he was going to speak against
that recommendation and certainly thats his
right And Council has to decide make that
126
decision I mean -- were not proposing this
as a friendly amendment Were proposing
this as a recommendation from this Board
based on the language we have
CHARLES TEAGUE Just to clarify I
was actually hoping you would recommend the
Teague petition because the last time we were
here because --
HUGH RUSSELL Yes you made that
argument
CHARLES TEAGUE Right
HUGH RUSSELL I understand that
Thank you
So on our list the first person is
Kenneth Taylor of 2 Craigy Street
KENNETH TAYLOR Im Ken Taylor 2
Craigy Street Ive listened to what the
Planning Board has said before Ive heard
public complaints and public interest about
127
making changes I see Mr Teagues petition
I understand there are issues related to
that I see the Community Developments
response to your request to comment on that
and improve it My reaction as a layman is
that if you pass -- if you recommend the CD
proposal you risk memorializing
grandfathering the violation of the Zoning
Ordinance which was passed in 1962
Now one question that perhaps Jeff
could explain to me is in the State Code you
quoted Shall lawfully in existence any
condition lawfully in existence
Since 1962 there have been hundreds and
thousands of code violations that have never
been enforced Now does the fact that they
have not been enforced means -- mean that
theyre lawful And does that give them
legitimacy In the case of making Zoning
128
changes I know of a condition where an
existing house I was going to buy had a curb
cut for a driveway that was too close to an
intersection of a public street And it was
non-conforming and it was grandfathered until
you made a change And it was non-conforming
until the code was changed The codes never
been changed on this A six-story building
apartment house built in 1940 probably had
incandescent lights to begin with if any at
all And then in 1960 they added more
powerful incandescents In 1970 they added
sodium vapor In 2012 they added HID Now
probably every one of those except the
incandescent was in violation of the Zoning
Ordinance So my question to you is what
permits grandfathering among all these
violations that have existed for that many
years Is it because the City chose not to
129
enforce the law Thats a general question
Secondly Im confused about the
recommendation about 723 If I understood
it correctly Jeff you said that you can
delete the paragraph altogether because all
of the Zoning applies to all of the city So
if I understand that theres no special
provision for residential areas and so it
doesnt make any difference I dont
understand why theres this paragraph if
youre going to enforce this Zoning Ordinance
throughout the entire city If that isnt
the case I think you need to at least expand
the language If youre seriously trying to
cover these residential zones you need to
expand the language to cover the edges of
these zones which are impacted by other
districts adjacent to the buildings in other
districts should not be allowed to impact on
130
these residential zones
I think the final question it seems to
me which I believe is related and again I
havent talked to Mr Teague about this is
related to the issue of the whole basis for
the Zoning Ordinance If its based on the
light source rather than the fixture then
theres no reason why you can ask existing
owners either to conform with the new code or
to reduce the wattage in their fixture to the
extent possible to the minimum to bring it in
as close to conformance as possible And
that would mean that a 400-watt HID bulb
could be a 100-watt HID bulb And that would
significantly reduce the problem without
causing an owner to replace the fixture
PAMELA WINTERS Sir your time is
up
KENNETH TAYLOR Excuse me
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PAMELA WINTERS Your time is up
KENNETH TAYLOR Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Theres some
provocative questions there but I think well
just get through some of the comments and
then go there
Second person was Jo M Solet
JO M SOLET Thank you for your
attention Jo M Solet 15 Berkeley Street
I would like to first of all second
what you heard from Mr Taylor I think we
do not want to confer legitimacy on lights
existing lights that are now in violation
And if you doubt that they are there I can
tell you the light about which I spoke to you
at our last meeting I did have the city come
and look at it They told me it was in
violation and they actually and Mr Sean
OGrady told me when I had found all the
132
lights in violation in my neighborhood I
could call him back And I have that in
writing by e-mail So I didnt feel it was
my job to do that but if it will help
Mr Taylor who doesnt live that far away
from me and I will -- well find the
violations and make sure that theyre not
grandfathered for you
I do think there is a backlog of
unconcern about this problem Im also
surprised about the what I see as a hardship
concern about the violators It seems to me
that changing a bulb or adding a hood to an
existing light is not that serious a
hardship And if we discover that there are
folks who have a hardship then maybe we
should be charging for violations and using
the money to help those who have a hardship
come into compliance It could be done
133
Because our concern includes health and
safety the grandfathering piece is really a
serious one because it would leave in place
the things that are currently affecting
health and safety and I want to offer a nod
to Mr Russell and to Mr Sieniewicz for
raising the night sky issue and add that in
talking about this city lighting issues with
the Circadian rhythm experts and the sleep
division at Harvard Medical School
Another issue that was raised was that
of wildlife If you doubt that wildlife is
at issue here imagine when you are taking a
neighborhood and basically giving up night
Youre making it light all the time In our
neighborhood on Berkeley Street within the
passed couple of weeks sighted have been a
grey fox turkeys deer raccoons raccoons
during the day by the way because its day
134
all the time and maybe they dont know when
they should be sleeping rabbits moles and
opossums So theyre confused about when
its night and day and thats not good for
us People are confused about it too
Thanks for your time
STEVEN COHEN Mr Chair Im sorry
if I might interrupt for just a moment Both
of the first two speakers made reference to
lighting being in violation And if there is
some sort of a regulation of existing
lighting thats something that Im unaware
of that I havent heard come out
HUGH RUSSELL Okay
So Jeff is it correct that paragraph
723 is part of the Ordinance now
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
Mr Chair and excuse me for not reviewing
my -- my sort of shorthand of Zoning changes
135
So all of the underlying portions are the
changes to the Ordinance page -- on page 3
the portion under 723 line item 723 is not
there but that paragraph underneath it
constitutes the entirety of current Section
720 of the Zoning Ordinance So that is
currently in the Ordinance The petition
proposed to leave it in the Ordinance and --
HUGH RUSSELL And how long has it
been in the Ordinance
JEFF ROBERTS I do not know the
answer to that question
HUGH RUSSELL A long time right
JEFF ROBERTS Its been for
sometime And any -- it was not during the
ten years that Ive been here So the -- so
any lighting that was established since that
time thats found to be in violation and I
think this -- I wont sidetrack But any
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lighting thats known to be in violation or
found to be in violation of that Ordinance
since that time will -- its considered
illegally non-conforming Its not -- it
doesnt have a legal conforming status just
because it was ignored And therefore it --
this the proposed -- whether the under the
proposed text or the modified text the new
Zoning would not confer any special -- new
special status towards lighting that was in
violation at the time that it was installed
HUGH RUSSELL Okay So what were
saying is that outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 Districts since
this was put in the Ordinance which I
believe is quite was probably decades ago
is -- do you know exactly
KENNETH TAYLOR Yes the historian
for Community Development informed my wife
137
that there have been no changes in the
lighting ordinance since it was originally
written So that goes back to the original
text of the Ordinance
H THEODORE COHEN When was that
HUGH RUSSELL I do not believe this
paragraph goes back to 1924
KENNETH TAYLOR No no 1962
HUGH RUSSELL 62 So thats the
date
KENNETH TAYLOR Thats when the
Ordinance was written
HUGH RUSSELL The Ordinance was
written in 1920 --
KENNETH TAYLOR Its a 50-year-old
Ordinance It hasnt been changed since
HUGH RUSSELL Sir the Ordinance
was written in 1924 There were major
revisions in 1943 and 1962 And then since
138
1970 the Ordinance has perhaps quadrupled in
size to the establishment of special
districts The question is when did this
paragraph show up And I believe the answer
that youre trying to tell me 1962 So that
says -- so if you will allow me to finish my
thought here that says that in those
districts that are enumerated a light that
shines a direct light on an adjacent
property is not grandfathered
JEFF ROBERTS Thats correct
HUGH RUSSELL Now that doesnt
help the people in Residence C-2 Districts
and I believe some of the testimony before us
were people who are in those districts But
so that -- so by this little discussion weve
learned that in you know a substantial
portion of the city someone should be able to
go down today and get enforcement And so
139
therefore it probably is a reason to -- you
may want to make that clearer in the
Ordinance that this standard as we talk
about enforcement and grandfathering that
this was the standard Anything thats in
conformance doesnt have legal non-conforming
status That would I believe that helps
Now Id like to continue with the
hearing and Marjorie Williams of Green Street
do you wish to speak Or is it Marjorie
Wellens (phonetic)
MARILYN WELLENS You mean Marilyn
Wellens
HUGH RUSSELL Do you live at 651
Green Street
MARILYN WELLENS I do
HUGH RUSSELL Im sorry I couldnt
read your writing but I certainly know you
MARILYN WELLENS Yes So my name
140
is Marilyn Wellens and I live at 651 Green
Street We abut a Business B-1 District on
Massachusetts Avenue The building at 1030
Massachusetts Avenue was recently con --
within the last year and a half two years
was converted from office to lab use And
the Zoning Ordinance considers these
equivalent uses I can assure you that they
are not neither for lighting nor for noise
nor for height The reason Im here is that
weve had quite a lesson in this in modern
technology and the way that Cambridge is
going over the last two years So that I
have Im afraid scattered notes in response
to some of the Boards comments and I
havent put them in any particular order so
if you will indulge me I will just sort of
speak out
I would say that the matter is urgent
141
that Mr Teague has brought to the Board and
the Council and the Citys attention The
strain of trying to have quiet enjoyment of
ones property is very difficult And I
would suspect that the places where it is
possible are rapidly diminishing And only
the very very choicest residential districts
of the city will be immune and maybe they --
even they wont if the development thats
planned and on the Boards continuance So
Im concerned about the assumption that there
will be all these frivolous complaints What
weve just heard recently is that the Zoning
Ordinance lacks enforcement ability either
through the technical expertise of staff who
are required or asked to enforce it or they
lack the training they lack the money they
lack the expertise they lack the equipment
So that this -- remedying this is not simply
142
a matter of law its a matter of budget and
its a matter of will and committing to
taking care of the health and safety of the
population of Cambridge And that I
understand is the primary impulse and
justification for the Zoning Ordinance Now
thats why were here and thats why youre
dealing with this And as Doctor Solet has
told you repeatedly that light as well as
noise have major major health consequences
And this is another example of what has been
called the privatization of profit and the
socialization of the costs So that you have
the developers and the users maximizing
lowering their own costs by failing
adequately to protect public health and the
rest of us suffer and its a longer term
problem but if youre concerned about the
educational level of the students in
143
Cambridge I suspect that you will pay close
attention to both light and noise and how
they affect people
And so I was bit concerned with the
assumption that you might have lacks -- and
this may have been my missed hearing that it
might be possible to have laxer standards for
persons living in denser zones or in
commercial zones because I dont see any
reason why anyone living in any of those
zones would be less harmed by the noxious
effect of light than people living in an A
Zone
PAMELA WINTERS If you could wind
down your comments please your time is up
MARILYN WELLENS All right And
so I would again encourage you to act on
this and I would ask that the city develop
the capacity to enforce and develop the will
144
to enforce and I ask the Board to participate
in that
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Thank you
Does anyone else wish to be heard
ROBERT WINTERS Hi my name is
Robert Winters I hadnt planned to come
here I do live in a BA-1 Zone I probably
could claim I have five multiple violations
right now on either side of me but I have no
skin in this game I have no desire to file
complaints or anything but something I was
thinking before -- Hugh Russell actually took
the words right out of my mouth And heres
my thoughts that I heard earlier and just to
say them right now I wonder why must this
matter be a part of the Zoning Ordinance at
all It strikes me that all of the
shortcomings and misgivings and like what
145
about grandfathering this or that could all
be resolved if simply this was made part of a
municipal comprehensive municipal light
ordinance that had nothing to do with Zoning
whatsoever
When I have as I have complaints
about neighbors with rodent infestation you
know you call the rodent people If theres
a problem with improper disposal of rubbish
you call Inspectional Services and Public
Works Nobody worries about whether the
rubbish cans were grandfathered in from an
earlier era when they carried ashes out to
the street You know these are living
documents they can be changed to meet with
the times It seems thats the right way to
go Just generally speaking I think we
burden the Zoning Ordinance with far too
much It shouldnt even have quadrupled in
146
size There are so many things We depend
far too much on the Zoning Ordinance to solve
too many problems I believe shortly well
be getting some recommendations coming as
part of an another Zoning Petition where
theyre going to try to tell us from where we
must buy our electricity for example Why
not go and tell what color shirts our
children should wear or whether they should
speak multiple languages and have that be
part of the Zoning Ordinance So my remedy
is simply this Why not simply recommend to
the City Council that they sever this entire
section out of the Zoning Ordinance and
re-craft it as part of the municipal
ordinance on a comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance period and just take this
completely out There should be no need for
Community Development Department weighing in
147
on lighting standards any more than they
should be weighing in on whether the rats or
the garbage cans are properly laid out
outside So I would put the challenge to the
City Councillors and have the Planning Board
come straight out and say that Since were
throwing this ball into your court make this
the best damn municipal lighting ordinance
you can possibly draft and lets take it
right out of Zoning entirely
HUGH RUSSELL Mr John
JOHN HAWKINSON John Hawkinson 84
Mass Ave I just wanted to make explicit I
think an implicit request I heard in
Charlies presentation and that was to the
extent that you request Community Development
do further work on this That you request
that they caucus with Commissioner
Singanayagam and make sure that their
148
recommendations are consistent with his
understanding of enforceability or if not
that theres text explaining how not or why
not
Thank you
HUGH RUSSELL Does anyone else wish
to speak
(No Response)
HUGH RUSSELL Im just going to
comment on a previous comment and one --
there were several farther back which is if
we are stuck with what the Commissioner of
Buildings thinks he can do with present
staff and the present work rules that may not
be sufficient to protect the population And
so its important to know -- to get Ranjits
take on it because hes you know hes a
very dedicated public servant but at the
same time you know do you have to go beyond
149
that Maybe thats the point
So now we get to the point of trying to
see if we can -- do we have a consensus on
what we would recommend to the Council or do
we have -- I have a feeling were not quite
at a consensus and I dont think were going
to get there But Id be happy to get some
advice from my colleagues
H THEODORE COHEN Im happy to
start I think -- well I think as I
expressed at the last hearing that the
Teague Petition is fundamentally flawed and
overbroad And I had a lot of concerns about
it particularly about you know how you
determine whether theres a violation and
what one does to enforce it And a
grandfathering is a very significant issue in
Zoning I have a litigated cases about it
Ive litigated cases about light and how they
150
fall under Zoning and I could not personally
recommend the Teague Petition as originally
drafted I think that what staff has done
addressed a lot of my concerns and I still
think its overbroad in a lot of areas I
still think that it does not address the
issue fully and certainly doesnt address
the grandfathering issue which I dont think
Zoning can If the rest of the Board felt
comfortable with the Teague with the
revision by CDD I think I could go along
with a recommendation to the City Council
that this was in some sense a stopgap measure
that still had a lot of questions and still
needed to be worked upon and that City
Council ought to hire an expert and probably
the best thing was to have either just a
municipal ordinance or a municipal ordinance
and some waiting reference into the Zoning
151
Ordinance But I do think that this is an
issue you know that needs more thought by
people who are really expert in the field to
determine exactly what will address future
issues and probably more importantly what
can address existing issues that we want to
address and how it does not unreasonably
impact upon the small property owners the
small home owners who are -- Im worried are
all going to be in non-conformance under
this and also what is the best way to
enforce things And you know obviously the
Building Department you know has a limited
budget And you know its going to be up
to the City Council and the City Manager to
decide you know what is the really
important issues that the city is facing and
what they are going to budget for And if
they feel that dealing with this light issue
152
is a primary concern then they may have to
hire more people to deal with enforcement
If they think its less of an important
concern then you know other building
issues then they will appropriately staff
things And so thats where I come out on
this that I personally could not support
recommending the Teague Petition as
originally presented to the City Council with
a lot of reservations I could go along with
a recommendation of what CDD has revised and
subject to further revisions in accordance
with our discussion tonight
AHMED NUR Hugh
HUGH RUSSELL Ahmed
AHMED NUR Ill be really fast I
do concur everything that Ted just said I
am not also in favor of the proposal and in
favor of recommending to City Council It
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really needs careful study with experts
When it comes to lighting noise music I
have two daughters that share one room and
the two of them are the opposites One wants
the light off one wants the light on One
wants the music down and so it -- its not
something simple that we can just sit here
and say yay or nay on this
PAMELA WINTERS I agree with my
colleagues I really dont feel comfortable
about voting for the Teague Petition as
drafted I really agree particularly with
what Ted had to say and also Robert Winters
I thought made -- and we are not related I
just want to throw that in
WILLIAM TIBBS I was going to ask
that question
PAMELA WINTERS No we are not
related but I do -- I liked your suggestion
154
of making -- turning this into a municipal
ordinance similar to sound or you know
whatever rather than a Zoning Ordinance And
I think thats about all I had to say So
that was quick
Go ahead
STEVEN COHEN Generally I concur
with all that was said I have two
observations First of all something that
Charlie said really struck me during his
presentation and that is that he conceived
of this as a quick fix As a stopgap in
measuring -- acknowledging that this isnt
really the ideal way to address the problem
That the right way to address it is for the
city to hire an appropriate expert personnel
and to you know put some time and real work
into this and come up with an appropriate
well engineered municipal ordinance Well I
155
guess we all agree that thats the right way
to go The notion of using the Zoning Code
as a quick fix as a stopgap measure sort of
procedurally doesnt seem like the right way
to use Zoning And once adopted it takes on
a life of its own and what if it ends up
being in conflict with what the experts come
up with later It doesnt seem like the
right approach I agree that the approach --
I agree with what has been said by
Mr Winters and the other members here The
way to go is to call upon the City Council to
address this head on in the appropriate and
expert way
My second observation though is Im
blown away to discover that theres already a
provision in the Code which in essence hasnt
been enforced So gosh we can write all
sorts of Zoning Ordinances here Whats the
156
difference what we write if the existing
regulations arent being enforced You know
so it seems to me before we start reinventing
the wheel and making the wheel even fancier
than it already is lets figure out how to
enforce the existing regulation And
actually as written as I look at it it
aint bad It doesnt have all the technical
requirements and references to foot candles
and luminance and so forth but the
principles that it espouse is right on And
frankly if I were to recommend anything as a
short-term stopgap measure well maybe just
make that same provision applicable to other
Zoning Districts as well Boy thats a real
quick fix You know the recommendation
would you know encompass maybe one or two
sentences and you know then you know
lets focus on enforcement and that would be
157
sufficient to hold the fort for a while the
City Council you know addresses this matter
in a more appropriate and professional
manner
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I would
like to agree wholeheartedly with what Steve
just said As much as I -- it really pains
me to think of going into a multi-year or
even multi-month study on this I do think
its the right thing to do I think that
this needs to be done through general
municipal ordinance and that requires time
And I do think that we need to use the tools
that are at our disposal to give some
immediate relief And I would really want to
stress that in the City Council that if that
means appropriating additional funds for
Inspectional Services or whatever it means
that there needs to be some recourse for
158
people to get some relief now while the study
is going on And that you know its the
fact that we havent been able to enforce it
previously does not excuse continuing to do
so while we study a way to do it later
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say I
disagree with -- I agree with what you both
have said
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think what were
discovering in Zoning is a pretty blunt
instrument and these are some pretty fine
issues that are -- that were trying to
figure out how we can control But
nonetheless in my experience almost 20 years
now working pretty intensely with this Code
there are ways in which government works
pretty well the Zoning Board and the Planning
Board I might add and the Zoning Code to
some degree helps to a large degree helps
159
with the way that this community runs And I
really appreciate Steve pointing out the fact
that the Code already has an Ordinance in
there
That not withstanding I believe the
rightful place for at least some components
of this lighting control is within the Zoning
Code Its a physical environments It
relates to the building and it relates to
building science And so youre right the
modified petition is not perfect We have
more suggestions tonight about how to make it
a little better I think it adds adds meat
to the Zoning Code which can be enforced both
with the Building Department and through the
other mechanisms that I referenced here And
so Im generally in favor of sending it up to
the City Council with the recommendations
that came with the first speaker to consider
160
the municipal ordinance to have enforcement
to deal with the issue of grandfathering and
hire an expert to get the actual metrics of
drafting correctly
HUGH RUSSELL So often at this
time we turn to the Stuart and Brian and Jeff
and say okay you got it
JEFF ROBERTS This is one where I
may want to go over some of what was said and
see if thats what is -- what the way things
are intended to go
So is it the -- maybe this is a
question I shouldnt be asking but is it the
Boards consensus -- it seems pretty clear
that the recommendation should include the
recommendation to initiate a process of
developing a more comprehensive municipal
lighting ordinance as part of the municipal
code engaging the help of an experienced
161
professional to develop something that has
to help advise on the technical details So
thats that is certainly something that
would be included
In terms of the recommendation on the
Zoning Petition the Board would recommend
the Zoning language the modified Zoning
language that was proposed I know that I
think in the last set of comments there were
maybe different views on what exactly would
be -- would exactly would or should be
included in the text the Zoning text
modifications that are recommended to the
Board Whether it be the fuller set of
changes that was that was sent to the Board
or whether it be a smaller set of changes
only affecting the existing Zoning existing
paragraph of Zoning text
HUGH RUSSELL So I would -- what I
162
heard from my colleagues is that that
Council can consider three different
strategies for an interim regulation that
would be in place to try to help out the way
things are
One is the Teague Petition which we do
not support
The second is the language that youve
drafted and with some modifications based on
our discussion tonight And theres no real
enthusiasm for that because we feel that
primary recommendation of getting municipal
ordinance is the right ultimate solution
If the Council felt they wanted to act
now we would feel -- most of us that
enacting the language was a temporary measure
that might be effective in some cases and
probably wouldnt cause great harm
The third suggestion came from my
163
colleague Mr Cohen which was a very simple
thing to take the 720 regulation and make
it apply citywide as a temporary measure I
think the problem that Council would have to
address in taking that stance is its not
being -- its not being enforced now Is it
not being enforced because it is
unenforceable or is it for some other reason
And that could be a discussion that could be
held between the City Manager and his various
departments and staff about you know if
they were to say well rely on this as a
temporary measure how can we get better
enforcement as to what this actually says
particularly if it were extended to be
citywide
So thats kind of what I heard and I
elaborated a little bit on Steves proposal
In some ways I like Steves proposal the
164
best
WILLIAM TIBBS Yes I do too
JEFF ROBERTS If I could
Mr Chair I mean I think this is a
discussion that maybe came up if you all
remember way back in the original Teague
Petition when the discussion really was
around what is this what is the issue with
the existing Zoning language and what does it
do and what does it not do And we found
that there really were some limitations in
the text and I think that Mr Teague had
really started this process by pointing out
what some of those limitations are
One being that the district only
applies in certain districts which through
enforcement has been taken to -- or at least
cause confusion when theres two adjoining
districts where a business district or a
165
higher density residential district abuts a
lower density residential district and its
not clear what that language is meant to
mean And that could be at the most minor
basic level that could be clarified to say
that any to make sure that its clear that
the effect on any residential property in
those districts is something that should be
enforced for or should be where the Zoning
should be applied and should be -- and
anything should be -- anything that affects
those properties should be reviewed in
compliance Or another step up would be to
as was suggested maybe make it just a
citywide provision which may have certain
impacts on commercial districts and
commercial properties that might not be in
the same level of conformance
HUGH RUSSELL Might be citywide to
166
falling on citywide residential property
H THEODORE COHEN I Jeff the
point you just raised is a concern I have
and you know it may be its a good idea to
amend 723 to make it citywide But Im
wondering if its in the scope of what the
Teague Petition was and what was advertised
because it certainly you know it may be
that it applies to so many other people in
commercial and industrial districts who may
not have come to our hearing or to you know
the Ordinance Committee because they were not
concerned about what they saw as applying
only in residential districts So you know
I think thats something that staff and maybe
the City Solicitors office would have to
review to see whether making such a change
would be within the scope of the petition
And if not then maybe you know we ought to
167
bring -- come back with a very short you
know Planning Board amendment to do that
you know publish it and notify it and let
the citywide have an opportunity to comment
on it And you know coming out of that
maybe what you suggested is that its not
citywide then only you know the impact on
any residential district or any residential
property
WILLIAM TIBBS I just want to say
that I just want to be very clear that I am
not comfortable with the CDC language as a
stopgap So I just want to make that very
clear
STEVEN COHEN Im just wondering if
a consensus of any sort is reached on the
Board maybe the way to go on this is to
actually start from scratch You know work
on some sort of modification of the existing
168
Section the 723 re-advertise it to make
sure that theres no issues there and ask
the CDD to propose a modification of that
paragraph only this time its an actual
proposal on your part And eventually
perhaps get to the point where its the
Planning Board proposing a Zoning
modification to the City Council which you
know might carry some some extra weight
with the understanding that it is still
something of a stopgap Because maybe that
the appropriate procedure is still to hire
experts and not making our own guesses about
technical matters but you know actually
doing an appropriate study But again I
think the language there is pretty good
And you know with some study on your part
Jeff I think maybe we could arrive someplace
that you know you serve as a pretty good
169
stopgap you know pending adoption of a
full-fledged municipal ordinance
HUGH RUSSELL Speaking against that
notion I would hope that in the 13 days
between now and the City Council midsummer
meeting a cliff notes version of that could
be accomplished I think the Teague Petition
intention was to be effective citywide and
so I think you can probably address Teds
concern of -- because it -- whats under
consideration is a citywide effect Its a
technical legal question and has to be
addressed by the Solicitor but I think
theres some hope that could actually -- and
I think the Council would like to put
something on the books now and rather than
something that we know is going to be interim
or informal So I you know its like I
think part of our difficulty is going to be
170
municipal calendar because as far as I know
-- maybe I can ask Councillor van Beuzekom
are any of the committees of the Council
going to be meeting between now and the
midsummer meeting
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM There
could be a special meeting but theres
nothing planned right now
HUGH RUSSELL Right Okay
So its within the possibility that
this could be advanced somewhere on the
Council level We dont have to come up with
the answer that they can adopt Thats
helpful
STEVEN COHEN The procedure aside
for a moment what about the notion of asking
CDD based on the discussions weve had here
asking CDD to propose a modification of that
provision
171
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I think thats
a productive thing to do
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Say that
again
HUGH RUSSELL And the question is
should we then not forward the language that
Jeff has proposed to us I mean in some
sense its out there in the blogosphere but
if our judgment is that we want a temporary
expedient we want it to be simple then
maybe we should just say draft up the simple
cliff notes version that alters that
paragraph in ways that give it the most --
make it the most effective paragraph that we
can
STEVEN COHEN And I think on a
parallel path not within our power that the
City Council might well call upon the City
Manager to report on the question of
172
enforcement of the existing provision So
you know we understand what the limitations
of enforcement are here And if there are
limitations and there may very well be then
we have to deal with that kind of reality
HUGH RUSSELL Yes I mean I think
there must be limitations because you know
its not city policy to ignore complaints and
not the citizens But they havent been able
to do it So theres something there
STEVEN COHEN Yes
JEFF ROBERTS So I could just make
a suggestion or maybe its more of an offer
that we could within the recommendations --
so as long as the Board has reached some
sense some consensus and some clarity as to
what the substance of what the proposed
change would be to the existing language
that can be drafted and submitted along with
173
the recommendation to the Council We can
also include the Board can include in the
recommendation that the Law Department the
City Solicitor be consulted as long as its
within the scope of the original petition
If its been -- we would confer with the Law
Department on that as well If its
determined that that is okay it could --
that could be moved forward on If not it
could be the Planning Board could opt to
submit that as its own petition to the
Council It would restart the hearing
process but it would it could immediately
be put into the queue And if filed before
if my (inaudible) calendar is correct if
filed pretty much at the beginning of the
fall could still be acted upon by the end of
the Council term
H THEODORE COHEN Can I ask a
174
question
Jeff do you know you know in recent
buildings and commercial and industrial
districts are there outdoor floodlights
JEFF ROBERTS There usually are
If theres a parking facility theres often
you know lighting Exactly what the form of
the lighting is not something that I look at
in great scrutiny in my day-to-day work but
anything with an outdoor parking facility
outdoor walkways equipment entrances well
have well have lighting I think that by
modern standards and you know Ive gone
around looking at different -- as weve been
talking about this as looking at different
buildings and properties around the city to
see what kind of lighting they have and using
the standard can you see the fixtures or can
you see the bulb and you know is anything
175
reflecting is there a -- I think that as you
advance from older structures to newer
structures you find that the lighting starts
to look more like what I think this proposal
intends it to look like But you still do
have those instances where an owner of an
existing building for one reason or another
wants to have better lighting on the parking
lot and they install the most expedient
fixture which is that thats offensive to
neighbors
H THEODORE COHEN Well Im
personally uncomfortable with just doing just
a quick fix and saying lets make 723
applicable citywide without our having heard
anything whatsoever from any commercial or
industrial property owners one way or the
other about that And you know were
trying to avoid grandfathering things but if
176
suddenly were grandfathering parking lots
all over Kendall Square and you know in
lots of other areas of the city maybe thats
the answer but Im uncomfortable doing it
without having a hearing on it thats going
to address that issue So I dont know that
I think that the quick fix to just say make
723 applicable throughout the city is
something that I would support
HUGH RUSSELL So Im looking at
what I believe is the Teague Petition Its
addressed to the honorable City Council and
it says Petition And so I -- looking at
that it seems to me there is language in it
that talks about off-street parking
facilities abutting or facing residential
premises shall not fall under the scope of
the Teague Petition and use his regulatory
language So thats already out there in the
177
proposal
The 723 --
H THEODORE COHEN But still that
language is still referring to only Residence
A B C and C-1 Districts
HUGH RUSSELL I dont believe so
I believe theres another section that refers
to -- so Im looking at this one which I
think is broader And that might be the
limit to which we can go under the Teague --
by implementing Teague
STEVEN COHEN Im sorry isnt the
Teague Petition citywide Am I missing
something
H THEODORE COHEN No because it
was only amended certain -- as I read it it
was only amended certain provisions of the
Zoning Ordinance and adding some additional
language
178
STEVEN COHEN So your read is that
the petition applies only to what
HUGH RUSSELL The parts of the
petition apply to A B C and C-1 Districts
as I read it
STEVEN COHEN Really
HUGH RUSSELL Yes
JEFF ROBERTS Well I believe and
Im looking at it right now and kind of
starting at the beginning and I hope we dont
have different versions of this but the
proposal is to insert -- the main proposal is
on a page which begins Amend the Zoning
Ordinance of the City of Cambridge by doing
the following Insert the following text
after Section 7230 elimination etcetera
And then down at the bottom of the page it
says 722 lighting restrictions for the
City of Cambridge No direct light shall be
179
allowed on any abutting property on any
property abutting an abutting property on
any property across the street from those
properties and on any properties within 300
feet of luminaire and on any street a
property shall explicitly include any
buildings on said property and prohibiting
any direct light from entering the window or
any other openings The luminaire intended
to light a street is allowed to light said
street
H THEODORE COHEN Right I agree
with that But then that does not change --
I mean that just says you cant have light
on abutting property Its you still have
the language in 723 which again talks about
you know no outdoor floodlighting in
Residence A B C and C-1 So if were
going to say lets make 723 applicable
180
citywide--
JO M SOLET Can you use the mic
H THEODORE COHEN Im sorry
If youre saying we cant use 723
applicable citywide then suddenly youre
saying in any non-residential district you
cant have outdoor floodlighting which you
now indicated it probably does exist I
mean this is the problem with you know
trying to you know make a quick fix
amendment to Zoning at the you know the
eleventh hour and trying to come up with
something that we havent really previously
discussed that people havent testified on
one way or the other and maybe thats maybe
thats where we should end up Im just
very very uncomfortable doing it right now
and recommending to City Council that this is
what we think you should do as a quick fix
181
STEVEN COHEN But well Ted --
actually my reaction to what youre saying is
the most shocking part is that at this late
moment on the verge of taking a vote that
were actually not even clear whether the
Petition that weve been talking about for
these last two meetings apply citywide or
only to those residential districts
H THEODORE COHEN Well I think
some things proposed do apply citywide but
some provisions were not being -- did not
apply citywide were not being amended
HUGH RUSSELL I -- some of the
language wasnt being amended but the
structure of the Teague Petition is to say
is to focus on light being cast from fixtures
and it says you cant -- a light cant fall
on somebody elses property citywide
Now 723 talks about a device that
182
accomplishes that or fails to accomplish
that But I think in Teague and if you
will Roberts its still citywide And so
I you know some -- the fact that they --
theyre talking about a light falling on
somebody elses property whether -- I dont
think its any different whether it comes
from a floodlight or a wall pack or not
Its -- thats what was advertised Any
commercial property owner had an opportunity
to read this language and say gee I can no
longer throw light on somebody elses
property And as it happens nobody came and
said that was a problem
H THEODORE COHEN I dont disagree
with that but I dont know that just simply
saying if you make 723 citywide youre not
changing other things And that is why I
suggested --
183
HUGH RUSSELL This is an
architectlawyer discussion
H THEODORE COHEN Right Its an
architectlawyer discussion and I --
HUGH RUSSELL Im thinking an
architect weve got to be able to accomplish
the principle Here the lawyer is saying we
have to actually make the words right I
dont disagree with you
H THEODORE COHEN Correct
STEVEN COHEN And where I agree
with what Ted is saying and the reason I
would send it back to CDD is you know for
us to make a quick judgment here yeah I
said earlier hey all it takes is a sentence
or two Well thats easy for me to say I
would like staff to take a closer look at it
and then sort of work through the
ramifications and then you know whether
184
theyre unintended consequences and so forth
and then come back to us with some sort of a
recommendation But thats the drafting and
the professional who are planning the issue
Youre raising the legal issue of whether
certain interests have received adequate
notice under the law of a change that will
affect them And while I disagree with your
interpretation I think it does apply
citywide I also see that because of Section
723 its at very least ambiguous on what the
Ordinance discovers So Im respectful of
the concern that you raised And as we
talked about it amongst ourselves we werent
clear among ourselves whether this you know
Petition was applicable citywide or only to
these residential districts
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY
Mr Chair
185
STEVEN COHEN So if were not
clear I mean you know what does that say
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY I think
that practical implication of both Ted and
Steves comments given that we wont be
meeting again until after the City Council
meeting is that if were going to see
another round of markups from CDD and have a
chance to discuss them then we are not
proposing a specific change to the Zoning
Ordinance for the summer meeting We are not
endorsing the Teague Petition and were
saying that there isnt a quick fix that can
be enacted this summer There may be a quick
fix that can be enacted before the end of
this Council and that we would continue to
try to do But that the long-term goal would
be a citywide lighting ordinance and any
quick fix we are going to propose is language
186
that we still need to work on and theyll be
seeing in the fall
HUGH RUSSELL So do people agree
with that It sounds pretty good to me
H THEODORE COHEN I do
HUGH RUSSELL The only caveat that
I would make is that Council might say hey
were going to ask the Law Department to do
that quick fix in the next two weeks
WILLIAM TIBBS Well thats their
issue
HUGH RUSSELL And if they can
accomplish that they might be able to
accomplish that We cannot
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL Thats the important
part
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Right
HUGH RUSSELL If were going to do
187
it we have to do what she said
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
HUGH RUSSELL So I think we almost
reached -- Ahmed
AHMED NUR We did We did
I also would add that maybe we should
change the language to -- from grandfathering
to grandmothering because lights lights are
actually controlled better laid in the house
Im only kidding
WILLIAM TIBBS Did you get the last
comment I think
JEFF ROBERTS Okay so to recap
the recommendation -- I wont go back over
what you said but the recommendation is what
was just stated regarding -- including the
municipal -- recommendation by the municipal
ordinance advising that you know that the
concerns with the Teague Petition as written
188
the complications with proposing a quick fix
at this point and to and so I guess the
question is is the Planning Board decision
then not to recommend any specific Zoning
text changes to the Council but rather to
suggest that the Planning Board continue to
work on that issue and submit text changes
for the fall term the fall session of the
Council
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Yes
AHMED NUR That sounds good
HUGH RUSSELL I think that except I
would put the work as conditional If the
Council wants us to work on that well put
that on our agenda early in the fall because
they can because they may --
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY They
may preempt us
HUGH RUSSELL They may find a quick
189
fix They may enact Teague All of that is
within their power
Were saying what we can do and we
cant fix it now
STEVEN COHEN And for 50 years of
non-enforcement of the existing provisions I
dont think its the end of the world to wait
a few extra months to do this in a careful
thoughtful
JO M SOLET Can they enforce
whats in place now at least
H THEODORE COHEN Yes
JO M SOLET Do you recommend that
STEVEN COHEN Yes
HUGH RUSSELL We dont generally --
KENNETH TAYLOR Can you make a
recommendation
JO M SOLET Including your
recommendation that there is a law thats not
190
being enforced and while were rewriting it
we would at least like attention to that
HUGH RUSSELL I think we can --
might comment that the Board is unable to
understand why paragraph 720 does not
apparently -- is not able to be enforced
KENNETH TAYLOR Not being enforced
HUGH RUSSELL Thats a statement
which could provide some relief in some
cases it does not seem to be able to be
enforced in -- thats part of the reason we
cant act to fix it because we dont know
whats wrong with it
CATHERINE PRESTON CONNOLLY Thats
right
STEVEN COHEN But Jo were not
going away
JO M SOLET Im not either I
dont want it to be immortal before I see
191
this
HUGH RUSSELL So I believe we are
now adjourned
JOHN HAWKINSON Councillor van
Beuzekom has her hand up
HUGH RUSSELL Oh Councillor
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM I have one
thing to clarify
HUGH RUSSELL Sure we would be
happy to hear it
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM Because I
dont want to by myself to be the sole
conveyor of all the incredible back and forth
between all you guys and between the people
that came to speak So what I dont know is
how much of this draft memo is going to be
shared with the Council Because aside from
what you said this is not out in the
blogosphere People dont really know about
192
this But the -- I think what needs to be
conveyed to the Council is what you dont
like about the Teague Petition So we didnt
really hear that Its kind of in this memo
but you didnt really talk about it You
went straight to CDD making recommendations
that are not going to be forwarded to the
Council But Im hoping that there can be a
write-up in the memo that accompanies the
decision explaining exactly what about the
Teague Petition doesnt work Because it is
citywide and thats what the CDD proposed
There was an attempt to figure out how to
make it more enforceable and Ranjit thought
I can enforce it this way I cant really
enforce it because its too vague the way the
720 is currently written So I think that
would be really valuable to send that
information to the Council
193
TOM SIENIEWICZ I think Mr Chair
at the first hearing we discussed in detail
what specifically were the Boards objections
to the Teague Petition so theres a record
of that in the transcript
HUGH RUSSELL Right And also the
Roberts draft is actually a response to those
points So you can pull out of the draft
what what were the pieces that were being
fixed and why why we felt the need to be
fixed And we can --
COUNCILLOR VAN BEUZEKOM So it
wont be --
HUGH RUSSELL It wont we wont
give you the Roberts draft but well tell
you whats wrong with Teague because we owe
you that one at least in our opinion
Okay now were adjourned
(Whereupon at 1030 pm the
194
Planning Board Adjourned)
195
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ORIGINAL delivered to Community Development
Department to whom the original transcript
was delivered
INSTRUCTIONS
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REPLACE THIS PAGE OF THE TRANSCRIPT WITH THE
COMPLETED AND SIGNED ERRATA SHEET WHEN
RECEIVED
196
ATTACH TO PLANNING BOARD DATE 71613 REP CAZ
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______________________
197
C E R T I F I C A T E
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS BRISTOL SS
I Catherine Lawson Zelinski a Certified Shorthand Reporter the undersigned Notary Public certify that
I am not related to any of the parties in this matter by blood or marriage and that I am in no way interested in the outcome of this matter
I further certify that the testimony hereinbefore set forth is a true and accurate transcription of my stenographic notes to the best of my knowledge skill and ability
IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand this 15th day of September 2013
Catherine L Zelinski Notary Public Certified Shorthand Reporter License No 147703
My Commission Expires April 23 2015
THE FOREGOING CERTIFICATION OF THIS TRANSCRIPT DOES NOT APPLY TO ANY REPRODUCTION OF THE SAME BY ANY MEANS UNLESS UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL ANDOR DIRECTION OF THE CERTIFYING REPORTER
$
$100 [1] - 11817 $50 [1] - 11817
20 [2] - 1209 15814 2004 [1] - 137 2008 [1] - 1132 2012 [1] - 12813 2013 [4] - 13 912 1133 19711
2015 [1] - 19716 23 [2] - 1086 19716 25th [1] - 55 282 [1] - 119 285 [1] - 133 288 [1] - 56 29 [2] - 2319 251 29th [1] - 415
3
3 [3] - 5917 608 1352
30 [2] - 11814 11815
6390396 [1] - 118 651 [2] - 13914 1401
6th [1] - 716
7
7 [1] - 6510 715(B [1] - 218 720 [5] - 33 1356 1632 1905 19217
722 [8] - 32 721 728 7211 7311 748 10710 17818
722A [1] - 1199 723 [26] - 34 6218 7117 728 7216 7311 7410 8611 1066 1077
18613 1906 19010
absolutely [1] -12011
abut [1] - 1402 abuts [1] - 1651 abutter [4] - 95 4011 435 5011
abutters [8] - 7510 777 778 10318 10319
abutting [9] - 1215 1218 232 744 17616 1791 1792 17915
acceptable [2] - 405 898
access [7] - 1015 268 3317 365 3816 488 5013
accessing [1] - 413 accessory [4] - 1311
1876 added [7] - 1213 5814 725 1079 12811 12812 12813
adding [6] - 143 9419 952 958 13213 17718
addition [4] - 143 155 7118 9419
additional [4] - 729 7210 15717 17718
additions [1] - 5710 address [18] - 91 2313 4417 451 535 538 7810 1506 1507 1514 1516 1517 15414 15415 15513 1635 1699 1766
62 [1] - 1379
0
005 [1] - 6210 01 [2] - 6210 6619 02 [2] - 629 6618 035 [1] - 629 05 [3] - 6118 628 749
1 300 [3] - 1912 7510 10714 1293 1316 1515 1815 addressed [5] - 543
1 [1] - 572 1794 13416 1353 accommodate [1] - 861 1504 16913
10 [2] - 2612 1209 300-foot [1] - 778 1665 1681 9410 17612
1021 [1] - 11816 100-watt [1] - 13014 1030 [1] - 1403 1030 [1] - 19319 1100 [1] - 198 12-foot [1] - 146 13 [1] - 1694 147703 [1] - 19715 15 [2] - 1048 1319 15th [1] - 19711 16 [1] - 13
320 [1] - 1912 38 [1] - 515
4
4 [1] - 6316 40-A [2] - 696 7910 400-watt [1] - 13013 40A [2] - 548 1004 40A6 [1] - 9118
17514 1768 1772 17916 17919 1804 18119 18217 18411
7230 [1] - 17816 7242 [4] - 6415 754 768 832
71613 [1] - 1961 705 [1] - 14 720 [3] - 111 117
accompanies [1] -1929
accomplish [4] -1821 1836 18613 18614
accomplished [1] -1697
accomplishes [1] -1821
accordance [1] -15212
addresses [1] - 1572 adds [3] - 5510 15913
adequate [1] - 1846 adequately [1] -14216
adhere [1] - 697 adjacent [6] - 1717 708 781 783 12918 1389
adjoining [1] - 16418
186 [1] - 233 1800 [1] - 192 1855 [1] - 1045
5 118
8
according [1] - 1412 accurate [2] - 19617 1979
adjourned [2] - 1913 19318
Adjourned [1] - 1941
1869 [1] - 129 5000 [1] - 126 achieve [1] - 672 adjust [1] - 1161
1920 [1] - 13714 528 [1] - 194 8 [6] - 2316 2318 acknowledging [1] - adjustments [1] -
1922 [1] - 1214 5282 [2] - 28 29 557 947 975 15413 1054
1924 [2] - 1377 5822 [1] - 201 806 [1] - 15 Acorn [5] - 124 adjusts [1] - 668
13718 50 [1] - 1895 84 [1] - 14712 1218 131 2316 admit [1] - 6818
194 [1] - 1967 50-watt [1] - 873 850 [1] - 8411 2318 adopt [2] - 7112
1940 [1] - 1289 50-year-old [1] - act [4] - 4912 17013
1943 [1] - 13719 1960 [1] - 12811
13715 533 [4] - 27 119
9 14317 16214 19012
adopted [2] - 5414 1555
1962 [5] - 1279 1118 123 Act [1] - 719 adoption [1] - 1691
12714 1378 539 [1] - 1215 9 [1] - 642 acted [1] - 17317 Adoption [1] - 25
13719 1385 900 [1] - 8411 action [3] - 1013 advance [1] - 1752
1970 [2] - 12812 1381
6 A
5912 12312 active [1] - 808
advanced [1] - 17011 advertise [1] - 1681
1996 [1] - 135 activity [1] - 105 advertised [4] - 564 6 [5] - 2315 2318 548 573 658
6351 [1] - 29 641 [2] - 215 7713 646 [1] - 216 60-watt [1] - 849 6177867783617
abandon [1] - 5915 ability [3] - 783 14114 19710
able [13] - 268 4910 594 6410 7517 9217 13818 1583 1729 1836
acts [2] - 1143 1146 actual [5] - 1911 3616 1174 1603 1684
add [8] - 141 459 6112 638 656 1337 15818
8817 1667 1829 advertisement [1] -5319
advice [2] - 12410 1498
advise [1] - 1612 advised [1] - 466
2
2 [3] - 585 12615 12616
2-point [1] - 831
1
advising [1] - 18718 affect [3] - 977 1433 1848
affecting [2] - 1334 16117
affects [1] - 16511 afraid [2] - 1117 14014
agenda [4] - 48 52 5111 18815
aggrieved [5] - 6418 759 7710 787 10313
aging [1] - 11714 ago [3] - 682 10916 13616
agree [17] - 612 4110 456 8013 8015 8216 1254 1539 15312 1551 1559 15510 1576 1587 17912 18311 1863
agreed [1] - 7218 ahead [5] - 583 8012 8911 8916 1546
AHMED [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
ahmed [2] - 10110 15215
Ahmed [5] - 111 1917 4711 9017 1874
Aid [1] - 1088 aint [1] - 1568 air [5] - 309 316 417 425 453
al [1] - 213 alley [1] - 488 allow [9] - 1415 2513 3614 603 6615 9212 9711 1041 1386
allowed [10] - 1419 3613 504 506 6614 708 972 12919 1791 17910
allowing [1] - 356 allows [1] - 5511 almost [7] - 253 287 336 1059 10510 15814 1873
alter [1] - 8210 alteration [5] - 5418
9213 942 948 949
alterations [3] -5519 5612 925
altered [1] - 12510 altering [1] - 829 alters [1] - 17112 altogether [1] - 1295 ambiguity [2] - 7314 7415
ambiguous [1] -18411
ameliorates [1] - 768 amenable [1] - 4310 Amend [1] - 17813 amend [5] - 213 215 217 6310 1665
amended [4] - 17716 17717 18112 18114
amendment [5] -819 639 1262 1672 18011
Amesbury [1] - 1117 amount [5] - 153 4513 502 707 10812
amplified [1] - 287 analog [1] - 7112 analysis [1] - 917 AND [2] - 1951 19517
ANDOR [1] - 19719 Ann [1] - 2317 annoying [1] - 682 answer [7] - 6517 10112 11917 13512 1384 17013 1764
answers [1] - 6910 ANY [2] - 19718 19718
anyway [2] - 8719 8911
anyways [2] - 11210 11610
apartment [3] - 1412 10315 1289
Appeal [3] - 24 53 55
appeal [2] - 11414 11814
applicability [1] - 585 applicable [7] - 7114 15614 17515 1768 17919 1805 18416
applicant [1] - 212 application [4] - 185 4914 4918 5710
applied [2] - 9119 16510
applies [6] - 544 7212 1296 16416 1669 1782
apply [21] - 5411 5414 5518 5610 588 5913 624 627 632 635 637 702 7411 945 9613 1633 1784 1817 18110 18112 1849
APPLY [1] - 19718 applying [1] - 16613 appreciate [1] - 1592 approach [7] - 2415 7919 802 8315 1236 1559
appropriate [7] -6515 15416 15418 15513 1573 16812 16815
appropriately [2] -4118 1525
appropriating [1] -15717
approval [2] - 406 4715
april [1] - 19716 arbor [2] - 879 8711 architect [2] - 1116 1836
architectlawyer [2] -1832 1834
architects [1] -10811
architectural [2] -516 1032
Area [1] - 211 area [9] - 211 1818 1912 2812 291 345 438 914 1129
areas [5] - 412 876 1298 1505 1763
argument [1] - 12610 arm [1] - 1126 arrangement [2] - 92 4410
arrive [1] - 16818 arrived [1] - 117 Article [5] - 557 642 6510 947 975
article [3] - 88 913 975
articulated [2] - 775
7917 ashes [1] - 14513 Ashland [1] - 1095 aside [2] - 17015 19117
aspect [1] - 336 aspects [1] - 971 assigned [2] - 227 229
assist [1] - 1113 Assistant [2] - 113 23
Associate [1] - 111 associated [1] -12112
assume [1] - 444 assuming [1] - 4719 assumption [2] -14111 1435
assure [2] - 3912 1408
astutely [1] - 1108 ATTACH [1] - 1961 attach [1] - 453 attempt [2] - 1141 19213
attempts [1] - 1225 attend [1] - 121 attention [5] - 2715 1319 1412 1432 1902
attorneys [1] - 10810 Auburn [1] - 1127 AUDIENCE [2] -1613 673
audience [1] - 1112 August [2] - 58 716 available [3] - 3315 4518 1242
Ave [1] - 14713 avenue [1] - 1007 Avenue [10] - 15 27 119 1119 123 124 126 1216 1403 1404
avenues [1] - 6411 avoid [3] - 11210 12313 17519
aware [2] - 4414 6813
awful [1] - 681
8618 bad [5] - 393 11312 1147 1174 1568
ball [1] - 1477 Band [1] - 1088 Band-Aid [1] - 1088 bar [1] - 904 based [11] - 1116 506 5514 6016 6317 6718 12317 1264 1306 1629 17017
basement [1] - 93 basic [2] - 1202 1655
basis [2] - 996 1305 bat [1] - 538 bays [2] - 1212 148 Beady [1] - 11911 bear [1] - 9417 beautifully [1] - 1024 become [1] - 8112 becomes [1] - 813 bedrooms [1] - 243 begin [2] - 5111 12810
beginning [3] - 7717 17316 17810
begins [1] - 17813 begun [1] - 5412 behalf [1] - 122 behind [4] - 1219 2517 523 8618
benefit [1] - 3511 Bensley [4] - 212 1118 134 353
BENSLEY [2] - 3416 353
Bensleys [1] - 3515 Berkeley [2] - 1319 13316
best [7] - 386 1241 1478 15017 15111 1641 19710
better [11] - 1111 306 675 771 819 8315 9712 15913 16313 1758 1879
between [13] - 124 258 382 4314 6212 665 996 998 16310 1695 1704 19114
Beuzekom [3] -11515 1702 1915
BEUZEKOM [5] -1706 1713 1917
B
B-1 [1] - 1402 BA-1 [1] - 1448 background [1] -7419
backlog [1] - 1329 backyard [2] - 366
2
3 19111 19312 bottom [3] - 56 15915 724 7217 749 cemented [1] - 774
beyond [2] - 724 2218 17817 buildings [11] - 2217 8117 842 874 Center [1] - 15 14819 boundary [1] - 278 286 5518 5519 1026 11912 certain [8] - 5513
bicycle [2] - 155 boy [2] - 8911 839 9716 10211 candles [4] - 6118 976 9919 16416 156 15615 12918 1743 852 8518 1569 16515 17716
bidding [1] - 1711 break [2] - 283 4710 17416 1797 cannot [2] - 4018 17717 1846 big [1] - 10518 break-in [1] - 283 Buildings [1] - 14813 18614 certainly [12] - 2718 Bill [1] - 3310 BRIAN [1] - 5015 built [4] - 128 1213 cans [3] - 302 2719 3017 4416 bill [1] - 1145 Brian [3] - 113 23 1410 1289 14512 1473 471 5218 6618
bit [9] - 549 5712 1606 bulb [14] - 843 849 cantilever [1] - 221 12518 13918
5714 6711 8611 bricks [1] - 172 8419 11312 cantilevered [1] - 1507 1613 1668
9117 9418 1434 16318
briefly [2] - 5210 1083
11313 1145 1161 1162
3114 capacity [1] - 14319
certificate [1] -11719
black [2] - 2316 8619
bright [2] - 666 7615
11718 13013 13014 13213
CAPTURING [1] -118
Certificate [1] - 1185 CERTIFICATION [1] -
blend [1] - 10212 blinding [1] - 1027 block [3] - 4814 8715 8716
blogosphere [2] -1718 19119
brighter [1] - 664 brightest [1] - 666 brightness [1] - 8414 bring [16] - 1112 2619 722 921 934 953 969
17419 bulbs [1] - 873 bunch [2] - 11410 11912
bundled [2] - 1035 1036
care [2] - 421 1423 careful [3] - 762 1531 1898
carefully [3] - 7619 775 7915
carried [1] - 14513
19717 Certified [2] - 1974 19714
certify [2] - 1975 1978
CERTIFYING [1] -
blood [1] - 1976 9717 9816 994 burden [3] - 6110 carries [1] - 446 19719
blown [1] - 15516 blunt [1] - 15810
10316 1042 11316 1175
11310 14518 burns [1] - 9714
carry [1] - 1689 cars [1] - 10119
chair [14] - 162 2215 399 4019
Board [46] - 24 48 13011 1671 bus [2] - 158 159 case [13] - 56 57 4916 528 8914
52 54 513 814 BRISTOL [1] - 1973 business [6] - 112 119 2415 273 8918 1256 1347
91 919 118 broad [1] - 966 136 137 1312 4719 5517 634 13418 1644
4917 506 508 broader [1] - 1779 1411 16419 646 647 11219 18419 1931
5212 532 5314 6716 6918
broadly [1] - 545 Brookline [2] - 124
BUSINESS [1] - 22 Business [1] - 1402
12719 12913 Cases [1] - 24
Chair [4] - 17 18 474 476
10512 10514 133 button [1] - 6511 cases [7] - 53 55 challenge [1] - 1474
1061 12017 brother [1] - 3515 buttoning [1] - 727 512 14918 chance [2] - 649
12219 1263 12618 1411
brought [12] - 158 2914 3814 3819
buy [2] - 1282 1467 BY [1] - 19718
14919 16217 19010
1859 change [30] - 4612
1441 1475 1509 5119 5616 5713 by-law [1] - 5411 cast [1] - 18116 5413 5414 5417 15817 15818 1616 16114
6217 923 9513 961 1411
BZA [2] - 11415 11910
casting [2] - 8418 8419
565 5614 609 652 813 826
16115 1672 bucks [1] - 467 CATHERINE [11] - 8210 8214 932 16717 1687 17215 1732 17310 1883 1886 1904 1941 19512 1964 19616
BOARD [2] - 12 1961
board [3] - 7916 908 1237
Boards [9] - 2512 5216 5219 5810 612 14015 14110 16014 1933
boards [1] - 1111 Bobrowski [1] - 1153 books [1] - 16916 Boothe [1] - 116 borrow [1] - 4910 borrowed [2] - 5710 5711
bothersome [1] - 426
budget [4] - 11019 1421 15114 15118
build [2] - 173 10211
building [31] - 1211 167 179 2413 2813 2818 3116 3418 361 4013 4114 5613 5614 5615 827 942 943 9414 9716 988 989 9811 10313 10315 11514 1288 1403 1524 1599 15910 1757
Building [13] - 206 896 8910 9214 983 11112 11117 11516 11614 1172 11713 15113
C
C-1 [5] - 62 13614 1775 1784 17918
C-2 [3] - 638 13813 C1 [1] - 633 calendar [2] - 1701 17315
CAMBRIDGE [1] - 12 Cambridge [25] - 16 214 31 33 47 89 138 3711 4112 4516 556 6911 6913 7719 7816 1021 10319 1045 1046 1135 14012 1424 1431 17814 17819
candle [12] - 6118 6515 662 6610
71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
Catherine [4] - 111 44 1974 19713
caucus [1] - 14718 caught [1] - 1087 causing [1] - 13016 caveat [1] - 1866 CAZ [1] - 1962 CD [1] - 1276 CDC [1] - 16712 CDD [14] - 529 1101 1166 11610 12214 15011 15211 1683 17017 17018 18313 1858 1926 19212
CE [1] - 10416
9315 943 1014 1145 11711 11713 1201 1202 1286 16617 17218 17913 1847 18510 1877 1964
CHANGE [6] - 1969 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614
changed [4] - 1287 1288 13716 14515
changes [22] - 816 1711 332 579 7915 8016 921 924 10812 1229 12210 1271 1281 13419 1352 1371 16115 16116
1885 1887 17814 17819 1552 15517 8315 1026 651 8311 8813 19512 19617 18018 1856 15815 15818 comfortable [6] - 8817 10311
changing [7] - 755 Citys [3] - 592 1593 1598 7616 9616 1236 10316 1189 7511 8210 988 6518 1412 15914 15010 15310 complaints [1] -10516 13213 citywide [26] - 628 code [5] - 9914 16712 8312 18218 635 1633 16316 12715 1287 coming [2] - 1464 complaint-driven [2]
Chapter [2] - 548 16515 16519 1309 16019 1675 - 641 8813 696 1661 1665 1674 codes [1] - 1287 comment [16] - 4510 complaints [9] -
characterize [3] - 1677 1698 coffee [1] - 242 494 5810 6117 7611 834 1042 3710 726 981 16911 17515 Cohen [5] - 18 110 6217 6414 754 12619 14112
charging [1] - 13217 17713 1801 43 44 1631 7618 907 10210 14412 1456 CHARLES [4] - 1081 1805 1817 COHEN [59] - 76 87 1274 14810 1728
1085 1265 18110 18112 913 101 1018 1674 18712 complete [1] - 10718 12611 18118 1823 185 3217 459 1904 completed [1] - 1956
Charles [3] - 213 18217 18410 5016 712 7214 commentary [1] - COMPLETED [1] -1086 11116 18416 18518 739 7315 7318 1152 19517
Charlie [1] - 15410 19212 7417 8717 885 commented [1] - completely [2] - 375 Charlies [1] - 14715 Citywide [1] - 15 8912 9019 9219 8114 14618 children [1] - 1469 claim [1] - 1449 938 9313 9417 comments [18] - complexities [1] -
choice [1] - 4219 clarification [3] - 957 9512 963 5115 5216 5219 12212
choicest [1] - 1417 387 3812 3815 9818 1017 1065 882 9018 10014 complexity [1] - 887
chop [1] - 485 clarified [2] - 866 1347 1375 1499 10016 10310 compliance [8] - 954
chose [1] - 12819 1655 1547 1662 10719 12412 9511 9513 9610
CHRIS [4] - 3513 clarify [5] - 569 16715 17015 1252 1255 1315 9817 995 13219
3517 3610 3614 5613 6010 1265 17116 17211 14015 14315 16513
Chris [1] - 3514 1918 17319 17512 1619 1855 complicated [1] -
Christmas [1] - 8710 clarifying [2] - 657 1773 17712 commercial [10] - 1242
Chronicle [1] - 89 1066 17715 1781 3412 3414 997 complications [1] -
church [1] - 103 clarity [2] - 579 1786 17912 1439 16516 1881
Circadian [1] - 1339 17216 1803 1811 1819 16517 16610 complies [1] - 746
circumstances [1] -463
cities [1] - 629 citizens [2] - 1135 1729
CITY [1] - 12 city [20] - 397 5815 7718 8118 10117 1059 12213 1296 12912 13116 1338 13818 1418 14318 15117 15416 1728 17416 1763 1768
City [41] - 113 23 214 31 33 414 5511 5816 592 716 7918 8111 1013 1021 10413 12819 14613 1475 15012 15015 15115 1529 15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 16310 16616 1688 1695 17118 1734 17612
clauses [2] - 1095 10910
clear [17] - 494 515 586 727 7215 7410 8812 11012 12216 16014 1653 1656 16711 16714 1815 18415 1852
clearer [2] - 5312 1392
clearly [2] - 389 922 clerical [1] - 6115 clients [1] - 1057 cliff [2] - 1696 17112
clock [1] - 1086 close [8] - 2018 2418 2614 424 481 1283 13012 1431
closely [2] - 244 1071
closer [4] - 615 2812 677 18317
clothing [1] - 77 Code [16] - 694 6914 701 8314 924 962 1096 1097 12711
18215 1833 18310 18311 1851 1865 1895 18912 18914 19016
coincidence [1] -2310
colleague [1] - 1631 colleagues [8] - 612 102 391 4714 902 1498 15310 1621
COLLING [47] - 1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
Colling [1] - 1115 color [1] - 1468
1743 17516 18210
Commission [1] -19716
Commissioner [7] -896 8911 983 11112 11516 14718 14812
Committee [2] -10919 16612
committees [1] -1703
committing [1] -1422
common [1] - 188 COMMONWEALTH [1] - 1972
community [3] - 161 11113 1591
Community [9] - 113 115 23 1273 13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
comparing [1] - 5715 compel [2] - 561 565
complain [1] - 7517 complaining [1] -836
complaint [8] - 641
compliment [1] -7619
comply [2] - 9416 952
components [1] -1596
comprehensive [3] -1453 14616 16017
compromise [1] -4615
con [1] - 1404 conceived [1] -15411
concept [2] - 3718 404
concern [22] - 2615 2717 4415 465 4716 595 635 739 7312 7318 7815 7818 966 11710 1232 13212 1331 1521 1524 1663 16910 18413
concerned [19] - 397 4718 591 763 765 7718 7719 795 8019 824 825 831 838 8313 8611
combination [2] -
4
14111 14218 1434 16613
concerns [13] - 268 418 4418 451 497 5012 769 9615 9619 1219 14913 1504 18719
concur [7] - 4019 4117 423 8918 901 15217 1547
condenser [8] -4416 4510 4511 4514 4515 4517 466 4618
condition [6] - 314 401 453 789 12713 1281
conditional [1] -18813
conditioner [1] - 454 conditioning [4] -309 316 417 425
conditions [2] - 918 507
condoized [1] - 1810 confer [3] - 13112 1369 1736
confident [1] - 9616 confines [1] - 812 confirm [1] - 3819 confirmed [1] - 311 confirming [1] - 4016 conflict [1] - 1557 conform [5] - 6510 7119 737 9815 1309
conformance [11] -5616 607 611 612 617 962 9718 13012 1396 15110 16518
conforming [27] -1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 603 7017 7110 7910 816 922 9218 9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1365 1396
conformities [2] -333 9116
conformity [10] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 935 973 978 979 992
confused [4] -12118 1292 1343 1345
confusing [1] - 8215 confusion [3] - 631 10715 16418
congratulate [1] -4115
Connolly [2] - 111 45
CONNOLLY [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
conscious [1] - 1146 consciously [1] -1125
consensus [5] -1493 1496 16014 16716 17216
consequences [3] -5812 14210 1841
consider [5] - 993 10114 1031 15919 1622
consideration [4] -6312 6519 10413 16911
considerations [1] -5315
considered [3] -1031 1073 1363
considers [1] - 1407 consistent [3] - 626 868 1481
constitutes [2] - 826 1355
constructed [1] - 211 construction [8] -915 917 109 1011 1012 136 291 829
constructive [1] -510
consult [1] - 1166 consultant [1] - 8116 consulted [2] - 409 1734
contact [1] - 382 content [1] - 12413 context [2] - 1055 10516
continuance [1] -14110
continue [7] - 1814 322 324 5513 1398 18516
1886 Continued [2] - 219 219
continues [1] - 632 continuing [2] - 153 1584
continuous [5] - 734 1069 10614 1073 1074
CONTROL [1] -19719
control [4] - 3713 7813 15813 1597
controlled [1] - 1879 conventional [1] -504
conversation [2] -323 901
conversations [2] -5010 982
Conversion [1] - 28 conversion [2] - 195 1919
convert [4] - 27 1315 1415 4919
converted [2] - 3314 1406
conveyed [1] - 1922 conveyor [1] - 19113 convince [1] - 10315 copy [1] - 1956 core [2] - 6318 8018 corner [3] - 63 133 177
correct [14] - 1619 182 1819 1916 211 236 253 3316 11917 13415 13417 13811 17315 18310
correction [1] - 1965 corrections [2] -19512 19617
correctly [5] - 794 9914 1023 1294 1604
cost [1] - 467 costs [3] - 9816 14213 14215
Council [50] - 412 414 526 688 716 7918 1102 1231 12311 12314 12319 1249 12517 12519 1412 14613 1494 15012 15016 15115 1529
15219 15512 1572 15716 15918 1622 16214 1634 1688 1695 16915 1703 17012 17118 1731 17312 17318 17612 18018 1856 18516 1867 1885 1889 18814 19117 1922 1928 19219
COUNCILLOR [5] -1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
Councillor [3] -11515 1702 1916
councillor [1] - 1914 Councillors [1] -1475
counter [1] - 4316 country [1] - 7816 couple [6] - 411 2411 3518 7716 9818 13317
course [1] - 9713 Court [1] - 11415 court [1] - 1477 cover [3] - 484 12915 12916
covered [3] - 1717 4714 545
covers [2] - 1011 576
craft [1] - 14615 Craigy [2] - 12615 12617
crane [1] - 11316 create [5] - 214 32 286 5311 809
creates [1] - 7314 creating [3] - 303 804 856
creatures [1] - 12019 credit [1] - 7817 criticism [1] - 511 critique [3] - 10719 1082 1084
crossed [1] - 10617 crushed [1] - 289 curb [1] - 1282 curious [1] - 841 current [2] - 818 1355
cut [2] - 10410 1283 cyclists [1] - 10118
D
dally [1] - 479 damage [1] - 2616 damn [1] - 1478 dark [2] - 2216 1043 Dash [1] - 116 DATE [1] - 1961 date [3] - 911 13710 1966
daughters [1] - 1533 day-to-day [1] - 1749 days [4] - 285 11815 1694
deal [6] - 6815 7110 803 1522 1602 1725
dealing [5] - 7912 809 1008 1428 15119
decades [1] - 13616 deceased [1] - 135 December [1] - 912 decibel [1] - 461 decide [6] - 525 11813 12016 1244 12519 15116
decision [6] - 1133 11811 11815 1261 1883 19210
decisions [1] - 1157 deck [7] - 149 2611 301 347 348 3411 357
decker [2] - 1216 1217
decorative [1] - 1079 dedicated [2] - 3319 14818
deemed [2] - 766 1004
deer [1] - 13318 defer [1] - 917 define [1] - 4017 defined [4] - 217 1141 1142 1203
defining [2] - 3815 12010
definitely [1] - 4715 definition [4] - 7710 8212 944 11618
definitions [4] - 214 576 735 11413
degree [2] - 15819 delay [1] - 406 delete [2] - 10714 1295
deleted [1] - 6315
5
delivered [4] - 1953 1957 1958 19510
demand [1] - 9812 demarcate [1] - 3116 demolition [1] - 2819 demonstrate [1] -10514
demonstrated [1] -6113
dense [1] - 3719 denser [1] - 1438 density [2] - 1651 1652
Department [13] -718 10416 11117 1166 11614 14619 15113 15915 1733 1737 1868 1954 1959
departments [1] -16311
describe [1] - 186 described [3] - 6017 801 894
Design [2] - 216 1116
design [1] - 4115 desire [2] - 94 14411
desired [2] - 9710 9719
despite [2] - 1089 detail [2] - 645 1932 details [5] - 403 408 5013 11913 1612
detectors [1] - 10612 deteriorated [1] -1516
deterioration [1] -177
determination [1] -752
determine [4] - 8312 8411 14915 1514
determined [3] - 211 2712 1738
develop [4] - 2913 14318 14319 1611
developed [2] - 2911 3113
developers [1] -14214
developing [1] -16017
Development [8] -113 115 23
13619 14619 14716 1953 1958
development [2] -703 1419
Developments [1] -1273
deviate [1] - 5317 device [1] - 18119 diagram [2] - 786 791
dialogue [1] - 2514 diameter [1] - 1049 diametric [1] - 4013 difference [4] - 4513 469 1299 1561
differences [1] -1105
different [26] - 2415 2416 5419 552 624 625 6916 7018 8412 9015 9410 9411 1109 1142 12013 12019 1225 12211 12219 16110 1622 17414 17415 17811 1827
differently [2] - 197 392
difficult [4] - 5910 5913 6517 1414
difficulty [1] - 16919 dilly [1] - 478 dimensional [2] -816 505
dimensionally [2] -331 504
diminished [1] -1048
diminishing [1] -1416
direct [6] - 736 1069 1115 1389 17819 1798
DIRECT [1] - 19719 Direct [1] - 215 direction [2] - 865 8919
DIRECTION [1] -19719
directions [1] - 3912 directly [2] - 244 6015
directness [1] - 579 disagree [4] - 1587 18215 1839 1848
discomfort [1] - 756 discover [2] - 13215
15516 discovering [1] -15810
discovers [1] - 18412 discretionary [1] -5313
discuss [4] - 3215 3917 4010 1859
discussed [4] - 507 1227 18014 1932
discusses [1] - 707 discussion [13] -5019 5112 1092 10918 12319 13816 15213 16210 1639 1645 1647 1832 1834
discussions [3] -416 10711 17017
disposal [2] - 1459 15714
distance [4] - 1512 455 457 4512
distinction [2] - 996 9911
distribution [3] -1610 1611 1968
District [5] - 817 818 1314 505 1402
district [6] - 16415 16419 1651 1652 1678 1806
Districts [6] - 34 13614 13813 15615 1775 1784
districts [20] - 625 6212 6213 633 637 12918 12919 1383 1388 13815 1417 16416 16419 1658 16516 16610 16614 1744 1818 18417
divide [2] - 198 226 division [1] - 13310 DO [1] - 1965 Doctor [1] - 1428 document [1] - 574 documents [1] -14515
DOES [1] - 19718 dog [1] - 1177 done [15] - 264 2913 436 448
4413 522 7018 886 919 11919 12411 13219 1503 15711
door [4] - 1712 2114 442 6615
doubt [2] - 13114 13312
down [21] - 173 176 2218 485 566 669 8518 865 11111 11117 11514 11515 11613 11615 1173 1183 12011 13819 14315 1536 17817
downwards [1] - 895 draft [9] - 5213 5214 5217 1479 17111 19116 1937 1938 19315
drafted [5] - 7915 1503 15312 1629 17219
drafting [3] - 12510 1604 1843
drawing [2] - 217 3013
drawings [1] - 917 drink [1] - 3417 drive [1] - 761 driven [2] - 641 8813
driveway [10] - 94 95 145 146 1413 1715 8612 8617 1128 1283
driveways [1] -10611
duration [1] - 1012 during [6] - 9712 9713 1063 13319 13515 15410
Dwelling [1] - 210 dwelling [3] - 210 1310 503
dynamics [1] - 10116
easy [3] - 672 11315 18316
echo [1] - 902 edges [1] - 12916 Edmunds [1] - 1087 educational [1] -14219
effect [7] - 152 287 782 1064 14312 1657 16911
effective [4] - 7813 16217 1698 17114
efforts [2] - 918 1218
egress [1] - 149 eight [7] - 111 4217 475 4814 4818 494
either [9] - 495 615 11812 11814 1309 14114 14410 15017 19018
elaborated [1] -16318
Electrical [1] - 9215 electricity [1] - 1467 elements [3] - 10815 10817 1126
eleventh [1] - 18012 elimination [1] -17816
emphasis [1] - 773 empire [1] - 129 empty [1] - 518 enable [1] - 546 enabling [1] - 685 Enabling [1] - 719 enact [1] - 1891 enacted [2] - 18514 18515
enacting [1] - 16216 enactment [1] - 1051 enclave [1] - 2614 encompass [1] -15617
encompassing [1] -9210
encourage [4] - 613 712 4617 14317
end [10] - 97 629 7118 7713 1159 12014 17317 18016 18515 1897
endorsing [1] -18512
ends [1] - 1556 enforce [21] - 5910 7011 1071
E
e-mail [2] - 1014 1323
early [1] - 18815 easel [1] - 1112 easier [1] - 6711 easily [1] - 498 east [2] - 2016 4813
6
11112 11217 1109 1142 7217 19210 222 4112 10313 11517 11813 14710 except [3] - 12814 explanations [1] - fancier [1] - 1564 11814 1291 entirety [1] - 1355 18812 19616 905 far [4] - 1325 14518 12911 14116 entitled [1] - 7714 exceptions [4] - 589 explicit [2] - 11413 1462 1701 14319 1441 entrance [1] - 3116 5812 9212 14713 fast [1] - 15216 14916 15112 entrances [1] - 10710 explicitly [2] - 11013 favor [5] - 511 514 1566 1583 17411 excuse [3] - 13019 1796 15218 15219 18910 19215 entry [1] - 1717 13418 1584 expressed [2] - 464 15917 19216 enumerated [1] - exempt [1] - 1068 14911 favorably [1] - 1102
enforceability [1] - 1388 exercise [1] - 906 extend [1] - 277 fee [1] - 11817 1482 environment [3] - exist [1] - 1808 extended [1] - 16315 feedback [1] - 678
enforceable [1] - 381 10213 1033 existed [1] - 12818 extension [4] - 910 fees [1] - 1131 19214 environmental [1] - existence [5] - 5412 2113 5415 5416 feet [9] - 192 1912
enforced [15] - 6015 7815 5717 1002 extensive [2] - 109 4217 4317 4319 6916 11411 environments [1] - 12712 12713 5811 4818 744 7510 12716 12717 1598 existing [45] - 27 extent [7] - 553 1795 15518 1562 equipment [2] - 172 175 1710 5919 9019 9112 fell [1] - 95 15914 1636 14118 17411 184 1812 2018 9315 13011 fellow [3] - 464 1637 1659 1901 equivalent [2] - 855 222 3315 369 14716 4917 7916 1906 1907 1408 3610 3815 544 exterior [4] - 2617 felt [3] - 1509 19011 era [1] - 14513 561 566 5611 3010 948 10511 16214 19310
enforcement [33] - Errata [4] - 1952 6218 7012 7110 external [2] - 1155 few [3] - 467 915 5313 5912 5914 1955 19513 7114 806 953 1178 1898 6317 641 644 1967 956 973 977 extra [2] - 1689 field [1] - 1513 6411 7018 759 ERRATA [3] - 1951 9814 1149 1188 1898 figure [4] - 627 832 8813 9115 19517 1963 12011 1282 extremely [2] - 4518 1565 15813 9319 985 1106 errata [1] - 1966 1308 13113 466 19213 1118 1119 espouse [1] - 15611 13214 13411 eye [1] - 667 figures [1] - 1131 11115 11118 essence [1] - 15517 1516 1561 1566 file [2] - 6419 14411 11518 1204 13819 1394
essentially [4] -5817 929 9317
16117 1649 16719 1721
F filed [2] - 17314 17316
14114 1522 15619 1601 16314 16417 1721 1723 1896
enforcer [1] - 11612 enforcing [2] - 586 888
engage [1] - 1246 engaging [1] - 16019 engineered [1] -15419
engineers [2] -10211 10810
enhancement [1] -1519
enjoy [1] - 784 enjoyment [2] -11214 1413
enlargement [2] -9412 9414
enlarging [1] - 957 enormous [1] - 4512 enter [1] - 148 entering [2] - 10613 1798
enthusiasm [1] -16211
9918 established [2] - 696 13517
establishment [1] -1382
estate [1] - 74 et [1] - 213 etcetera [5] - 2610 1069 17816
evening [3] - 46 121 2314
eventually [2] - 6812 1685
everywhere [1] -9613
evidence [1] - 616 exacerbated [1] -333
exactly [8] - 813 10917 13617 1514 16110 16111 1747 19210
examine [1] - 6911 example [4] - 6912 10214 14211 1467
17218 1757 1896
expand [2] - 12913 12916
expanding [1] - 1041 expansiveness [1] -9516
expedient [2] -17110 1759
expense [1] - 1186 experience [4] - 386 7014 912 15814
experienced [2] -1191 16019
expert [8] - 6818 914 1114 15016 1513 15416 15514 1603
expertise [4] - 10416 10418 14115 14118
experts [7] - 10414 10811 1121 1339 1531 1557 16813
expiration [1] - 911 expire [1] - 10911
facade [3] - 63 488 4812
facilitate [1] - 601 facilities [1] - 17616 Facilities [1] - 216 facility [2] - 1746 17410
facing [4] - 1111 1026 15117 17616
fact [10] - 568 604 766 792 8115 8216 12716 1583 1592 1824
factors [1] - 582 failing [1] - 14215 fails [1] - 1821 fairly [1] - 3016 fall [8] - 1501 17317 17617 18117 1862 1888 18815
falling [2] - 1661 1825
falls [1] - 944 familiar [1] - 241
filled [2] - 69 713 final [5] - 9912 11815 11816 11915 1302
findings [1] - 506 fine [5] - 2515 6713 10417 1138 15811
finish [1] - 1386 finished [1] - 1132 firm [1] - 1093 firs [1] - 3518 first [23] - 48 2310 248 283 5018 576 6818 693 714 7116 799 8114 8818 908 9118 10216 10219 12614 13110 1349 1549 15919 1932
firsthand [1] - 7010 five [1] - 1449 fix [18] - 615 11016 11510 15412 1553 15616
entire [3] - 1012 examples [3] - 6919 Expires [1] - 19716 families [1] - 9910 17514 1767 12912 14613 7010 10912 explain [1] - 12711 family [7] - 122 18010 18019
entirely [4] - 2817 exceed [2] - 723 explaining [2] - 1483 1317 1416 1518 18513 18515
7
8 18519 1869 1739 15816 657 6717 7313 hearing [15] - 118 1881 1891 1894 forwarded [1] - 1927 grain [1] - 10417 814 8219 881 5114 5218 5315 19012 four [1] - 1039 grandfather [2] - 913 981 9912 683 8114 1011
fixed [2] - 19310 fourth [1] - 1056 1122 1157 10013 1075 11819 1399 19311 fox [1] - 13318 grandfathered [6] - 12118 1551 1436 14911
fixing [1] - 6812 framework [2] - 554 1139 11410 1882 16611 17312 fixture [17] - 793 5514 1285 1328 guesses [1] - 16813 1765 1932 827 8211 8213 8616 921 923
frankly [3] - 4510 4612 15612
13810 14512 grandfathering [19] -
guy [2] - 1191 11911
hearings [1] - 5714 HEARINGS [1] - 26
926 933 11010 free [1] - 662 9611 1099 1106 guys [4] - 1192 hedge [8] - 2418 11012 11315 11716 1307
friendly [1] - 1262 frivolous [6] - 7611
11013 1137 1167 1207 1208
1195 12016 19114
276 2918 429 4315 448 4818
13010 13016 17510
834 835 837 14112
1278 12817 1332 1394 1451 H
495 hedges [1] - 414
fixtures [8] - 567 FROM [1] - 1613 14917 1508 hedging [1] - 4212 602 603 6014 10516 11714 17418 18116
flashing [2] - 10118 1074
flawed [1] - 14912 fledged [1] - 1692 floodlight [1] - 1828 floodlighting [3] -13613 17917 1807
floodlights [1] - 1744 floor [4] - 211 63 283 851
focus [3] - 2910 15619 18116
folks [3] - 397 496 13216
follow [1] - 10011 Following [1] - 219 following [4] - 214 5213 17815
foot [22] - 126 1715 199 2113 4810 4814 495 6118 6514 6515 6610 723 7217 749 842 852 855 8517 1025 11912 1569
footprint [1] - 2817 FOR [1] - 12 foregoing [1] - 19616 FOREGOING [1] -19717
form [2] - 5217 1747
former [1] - 7014 fort [1] - 1571 forth [5] - 1028 15610 1841 19113 1979
forward [10] - 3819 4119 4913 5516 6410 6413 807 12318 1716
front [4] - 146 1711 3519 8613
full [2] - 1102 1692 full-fledged [1] -1692
fuller [1] - 16114 fully [2] - 543 1507 functional [1] - 9715 fundamental [1] -1202
fundamentally [2] -12019 14912
funds [1] - 15717 future [2] - 8010 1514
G
game [1] - 14411 garage [2] - 1212 148
garbage [4] - 302 1197 1473
gate [1] - 8618 gee [1] - 18211 GENERAL [2] - 12 22
general [8] - 539 558 642 7716 8919 915 1291 15711
General [2] - 218 802
generally [6] - 862 971 14517 1547 15917 18915
gesturing [1] - 787 given [2] - 2413 1855
glare [1] - 216 glasses [1] - 516 goal [1] - 18517 gonna [1] - 11813 gosh [1] - 15518 government [1] -
1602 17519 1761 1877
grandmothering [1] -1878
granted [3] - 814 445 1137
grates [1] - 284 Great [1] - 4312 great [18] - 49 3013 3018 329 336 338 339 4111 4216 4419 516 713 714 816 919 16218 1749
greater [2] - 210 553
green [1] - 1216 Green [3] - 1399 13915 1401
Greg [1] - 1115 GREGORY [47] -1110 1114 132 1619 174 182 1811 191 1910 1916 205 211 2115 2119 229 232 236 256 2511 2516 261 265 274 2711 2810 299 318 3112 3316 344 348 3413 3512 3617 373 378 3712 419 4116 427 4214 439 4411 4619 487 4817 517
grey [1] - 13318 grocery [1] - 1511 gross [2] - 211 1911 ground [4] - 63 383 788 864
grow [1] - 4217 grows [1] - 10117 guess [18] - 1019 2411 2815 3311
half [13] - 127 128 1219 139 458 6118 662 6610 723 7217 7518 8116 1405
hand [2] - 1915 19711
handbook [1] - 1153 handle [1] - 11110 hands [1] - 593 hands) [1] - 512 happy [5] - 4416 451 1497 1499 19110
hard [3] - 477 844 11315
hardship [4] - 13211 13215 13216 13218
harm [1] - 16218 harmed [1] - 14311 Harvard [1] - 13310 HAWKINSON [2] -14712 1914
Hawkinson [1] -14712
head [4] - 168 10119 1022 15513
health [7] - 1112 1115 1331 1335 1423 14210 14216
hear [8] - 3016 3017 402 675 12118 1251 19110 1924
heard [14] - 55 5017 6814 12317 12618 13111 13413 14113 1445 14415 14714 1621 16317 17515
HEARING [1] - 12
height [5] - 414 429 4212 4215 14010
held [2] - 5718 16310
help [8] - 8116 1226 1324 13218 13813 16019 1612 1624
helpful [1] - 17014 helps [3] - 1397 15819
hereby [1] - 19617 hereinbefore [1] -1979
hereunto [1] - 19711 hi [1] - 1110 Hi [1] - 1446 HID [3] - 12813 13013 13014
high [5] - 279 6119 629 667 11316
higher [1] - 1651 highlight [1] - 7817 hire [6] - 10414 15016 1522 15416 1603 16812
historian [1] - 13618 historical [1] - 1043 hit [1] - 8018 hold [4] - 8513 1051 1252 1571
home [1] - 1519 homeowner [1] -1183
honorable [1] -17612
hood [1] - 13213 hope [4] - 1158 1694 16914 17810
hopefully [2] - 8818 11511
hoping [4] - 1414
9 679 1266 1928 1835 1863 1866 10310 1111 indulge [1] - 14017 494 1977
horizontally [1] - 863 18612 18616 14816 15117 indulgence [2] - interesting [3] - 785 Hospital [1] - 1127 18619 1873 1523 18616 2513 3119 9110 1215 hot [1] - 1033 18812 18819 importantly [1] - industrial [3] - interests [1] - 1846
Hotel [2] - 89 812 18915 1903 1515 16610 1743 interfere [1] - 3914
hour [3] - 116 1092 1908 1912 1916 impossible [1] - 17517 interim [2] - 1623 18012 1919 1936 10314 inexpensive [1] - 16917
hours [2] - 1192 house [37] - 127
19314 Hugh [8] - 17 42
improper [1] - 1459 improve [1] - 1275
4218 infestation [1] - 1457
interpretation [1] -1849
128 129 1219 139 1310 222 244 2419 2518 269 2617 3017
3118 8011 8319 1212 14413 15214
Hughs [1] - 751
improved [2] - 335 4910
improvement [1] -8017
informal [1] - 16918 information [1] -19219
informed [1] - 13619
interpreted [1] - 9119 interrupt [1] - 1348 interrupted [1] -6712
376 414 437 hundreds [1] - 12714 improving [1] - 2919 initial [2] - 5317 intersection [1] -4315 4318 458 husband [1] - 135 impulse [1] - 1425 8215 1284 4719 489 4810 4816 742 743 I
IN [1] - 19711 inaudible [3] - 1077
initiate [1] - 16016 insert [2] - 17812
invisible [1] - 1716 involve [1] - 933
8612 9419 953 1157 17315 17815 involved [1] - 248 968 1059 10510 10511 1177 1184 1282 1289 1879
houses [1] - 481 hue [1] - 4215 hues [2] - 4216 4217
huge [1] - 10517 HUGH [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693 1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831
idea [6] - 517 2613 338 355 4211 1664
ideal [1] - 15414 ignore [1] - 1728 ignored [1] - 1366 illegally [1] - 1364 illuminance [8] - 581 582 848 8417 851 8515 8517 862
illuminating [1] -1024
illumination [3] -598 7715 11618
Illumination [1] - 33 illustrating [1] - 887 imagine [1] - 13313 imagining [1] - 856 immediate [2] - 5011 15715
immediately [2] -7114 17313
immortal [1] - 19019 immune [1] - 1418 impact [7] - 1514 984 1032 10518 12919 1518 1677
impacted [1] - 12917 impacts [1] - 16516 implementing [1] -17711
implication [1] -1854
implications [2] -1204 1207
implicit [1] - 14714 imply [1] - 632 important [12] -3618 371 396 434 437 9111
inaudible) [2] - 202 484
Inaudible) [2] - 2311 12116
INC [1] - 117 incandescent [2] -12810 12815
incandescents [1] -12812
inches [1] - 1048 inclined [1] - 916 include [6] - 363 364 16015 1732 1796
included [9] - 577 589 596 5918 7914 10618 1614 16112
includes [1] - 1331 including [3] - 9115 18716 18918
income [1] - 1813 incorporate [1] -1219
increase [1] - 592 increasingly [1] -7815
incredible [1] -19113
indeed [1] - 718 Index [1] - 36 indicate [1] - 19512 indicated [2] - 914 1808
indicating [1] -12512
Indirect [1] - 215 indirect [3] - 32 34 734
individual [3] - 654 756 7511
indoor [3] - 596 599 10213
Inspectional [4] -941 9812 14510 15718
Inspector [1] - 206 install [3] - 9215 1759
installed [2] - 562 13611
installer [2] - 6110 6113
installing [2] - 8815 10218
instance [4] - 588 5814 5818 987
instances [2] - 5510 1756
instead [1] - 653 INSTRUCTIONS [3] -1951 19511 1964
instructions [1] -1968
instrument [2] -1046 15811
instrumentation [1] -1206
instruments [1] -11619
insurance [2] - 75 1184
intend [1] - 2916 intended [3] - 722 16011 1799
intends [2] - 6416 1755
intensely [1] - 15815 intensity [1] - 858 intent [2] - 539 7413 intention [1] - 1698 interaction [1] - 382 interest [3] - 3014 413 12619
interested [3] - 2412
inward [1] - 272 issue [32] - 2918 307 4210 5313 541 545 715 773 777 7815 7818 881 1122 11910 12216 1242 1305 1337 13311 13313 14917 1507 1508 1512 15119 1602 1648 1766 1844 1845 18611 1887
issues [11] - 6412 8018 872 1272 1338 1515 1516 15117 1525 15812 1682
item [5] - 48 51 5111 648 1353
iteration [1] - 312 itself [6] - 364 3616 5215 6012 19514 1966
J
jail [1] - 8717 jam [1] - 417 Jeff [25] - 5116 521 529 6712 711 713 7618 797 904 906 9019 10015 10017 10112 1066 1108 1142 12710 1294 13415 1606 1662 16818 1717 1742
JEFF [31] - 528
6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514 9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
Jeffs [2] - 1217 1225
Jo [3] - 1317 1319 19016
JO [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
job [7] - 516 6812 713 714 887 1012 1324
John [2] - 14711 14712
JOHN [2] - 14712 1914
judgment [2] - 1719 18314
July [3] - 13 415 55
jurisdiction [1] - 461 justification [1] -1426
kinds [2] - 9919 1248
kitchen [2] - 4316 4815
knowledge [5] - 319 349 7418 912 19710
known [1] - 1361
L
lab [1] - 1406 lack [4] - 14117 14118
lacks [2] - 14114 1435
ladder [2] - 4318 442
laid [3] - 946 1473 1879
Lamp [1] - 215 lamp [1] - 5910 lamps [1] - 1022 land [1] - 1153 landscape [2] - 2913 4412
landscaping [1] -5013
language [35] - 2816 5516 5517 609 726 7313 765 7914 1015 10115 1225 12317 12318 1264 12914 12916 1617 1618 1628 16216 1649 1653 16712 16816 1716 17218 17614 17619 1774 17719 17916 18114 18211 18519 1877
languages [1] -14610
large [2] - 3016 15819
largely [1] - 5317 larger [1] - 1616 largest [1] - 1043 last [18] - 510 98 4412 5314 715 772 10813 10918 11716 12117 1267 13116 1405 14013 14911 1619 1817 18711
lastly [1] - 1148 late [1] - 1813 law [8] - 5411 559 774 9919 1291 1421 1847 18919
Law [5] - 717 1166 1733 1736 1868
lawful [1] - 12718 lawfully [4] - 5412 12712 12713
laws [3] - 546 548 698
Lawson [1] - 1974 lawyer [1] - 1837 lawyers [1] - 11214 laxer [1] - 1437 layman [1] - 1275 laymens [1] - 845 learned [1] - 13817 lease [2] - 3615 3815
leases [7] - 361 369 3610 4017 4613 4616
least [10] - 666 9318 1042 12913 1596 16417 18411 18911 1902 19317
leave [3] - 9217 1333 1358
leaving [1] - 10613 left [6] - 1210 1217 6116 6311 8213
legal [11] - 151 154 563 6819 922 11211 1169 1365 1396 16912 1845
legitimacy [2] -12719 13112
legitimate [1] - 7516 Lesley [2] - 104 108 less [5] - 1818 192 5312 14311 1523
lesson [1] - 14011 letters [1] - 11812 level [9] - 4517 462 662 7419 753 14219 1655 16518 17012
Li [5] - 134 136 2713 439 4418
Lianne [6] - 212 1118 2718 288 308 499
Liannes [1] - 259 license [1] - 828
License [1] - 19715 life [2] - 9713 1556 Light [2] - 215 215 light [82] - 3115 5113 5611 604 6011 6019 616 663 6614 704 707 7113 736 743 7519 7615 781 7813 7818 8211 8213 849 8413 8414 8416 8417 8419 856 858 8513 8517 8814 893 1025 10219 10414 10516 1072 1073 1074 10815 10817 10818 10819 11011 1113 1114 1115 1124 1129 1138 11311 11312 1143 1147 11518 12011 1307 13115 13214 13315 1388 1389 1429 1432 14312 1453 14919 15119 1535 17819 1798 17910 17914 18116 18117 1825 18212
Lighting [2] - 32 34 lighting [73] - 3111 3113 395 398 3910 3913 5012 544 561 562 566 5611 5615 5815 592 596 599 659 687 703 7016 793 846 8615 8616 898 914 9216 951 953 961 9610 9711 9712 9718 9813 9814 995 10215 10515 1067 10610 1079 10811 1097 1126 11512 11513 11917 1338 13410 13412 13517 1361 13610 1372 1409 14617 1471 1478 1532 1597
16018 1747 1748 17412 17417 1753 1758 17818 18518
lights [22] - 217 3114 3911 8710 10116 10119 10212 1032 1035 10410 10816 1116 1149 11410 1162 1175 12810 13112 13113 1321 1878
limit [1] - 17710 limitations [5] -16411 16414 1722 1724 1727
Limitations [1] - 218 limited [2] - 1002 15113
limits [1] - 1018 Lincoln [1] - 11215 LINE [1] - 1969 line [13] - 1010 2111 2419 261 271 277 455 4610 482 724 745 11217 1353
list [5] - 49 1014 639 10710 12614
listen [2] - 9013 9016
listened [2] - 771 12617
lit [2] - 8117 1129 literally [1] - 296 litigated [2] - 14918 14919
live [4] - 1325 13914 1401 1448
lives [1] - 2311 living [8] - 615 1814 3719 424 1438 14310 14312 14514
Liza [6] - 115 514 617 71 87 1113
LIZA [17] - 414 54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
located [1] - 1044 location [4] - 61 4415 4514 7512
K
Kaya [2] - 89 812 keep [3] - 5316 668 978
Kelly [1] - 11911 Ken [1] - 12616 Kendall [1] - 1762 Kenneth [1] - 12615 KENNETH [9] -12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
key [2] - 4513 1139 KeyWord [1] - 36 kidding [1] - 18710 kids [1] - 77 kind [17] - 286 3012 311 4212 594 651 6511 8413 852 891 9211 1027 16317 1725 17417 1789 1924
10
locations [2] - 1510 1023 15717 15718 2717 308 10318 modified [4] - 5517 671 map [1] - 157 MEANS [1] - 19718 1076 1368 15911
long-term [1] - 18517 March [1] - 1132 meant [6] - 568 Merrimack [1] - 1116 1617 look [22] - 513 103 MARILYN [4] - 5613 631 974 meter [2] - 8511 modify [2] - 33 532 242 2417 298 13912 13916 1159 1653 8514 moles [1] - 1342 305 3714 496 13919 14316 measure [9] - 8414 method [1] - 11010 moment [5] - 509 6213 663 6912 Marilyn [2] - 13912 8510 8511 metrics [1] - 1603 533 1348 17016 6918 815 10619 1401 15013 1553 mic [1] - 1802 1814 1174 11810 Marjorie [2] - 1399 15613 16216 microphone [2] - money [2] - 13218 13117 1567 13910 1633 16313 674 677 14117 1748 1754 1755 mark [1] - 492 measured [2] - 852 midsummer [3] - month [2] - 406 18317 Mark [6] - 2311 863 413 1695 1705 1579
looked [4] - 59 196 2315 4310 4415 measurement [1] - might [39] - 272 months [3] - 411 6919 11610 472 4718 874 293 294 295 915 1898
looking [13] - 5712 MARK [15] - 2314 measuring [1] - 297 4218 447 mood [1] - 393 5715 646 779 258 2519 263 15413 4413 482 4814 morning [2] - 242 7713 788 1061 266 279 2714 meat [1] - 15913 5718 606 7114 1195 17414 17415 2814 305 315 mechanical [1] - 499 782 966 993 mortar [1] - 172 17610 17613 3110 3117 329 mechanicals [3] - 996 1007 1032 most [14] - 77 246 1778 1789 491 493 388 389 3810 10317 1052 3710 4713 597
looks [6] - 105 Marks [1] - 451 mechanism [3] - 10512 10518 7711 9110 9111 2016 253 306 market [1] - 1022 6916 823 8813 1063 1079 16215 1654 761 10812 marks [3] - 254 mechanisms [2] - 12314 1348 17113 17114
lots [1] - 189 19514 1966 819 15916 1435 1437 1759 1813 loud [1] - 4511 markups [1] - 1858 Medical [1] - 13310 15818 16217 mostly [1] - 5210 low [1] - 6210 marriage [1] - 1976 meet [1] - 14515 16517 16519 motion [8] - 4913 lower [2] - 6617 masonry [1] - 178 Meeting [1] - 25 1689 17118 4918 5014 5019 1652 Mass [2] - 701 meeting [14] - 47 1779 1867 511 10117
lowering [1] - 14215 14713 413 415 418 18613 1904 10611 1072 lowest [1] - 662 MASSACHUSETTS 2914 6710 mile [1] - 7518 Mount [1] - 1127 Luminaire [1] - 215 [1] - 1972 13116 1696 mind [4] - 4118 mouth [1] - 14414 luminaire [3] - 664 Massachusetts [6] - 1704 1705 1707 7215 835 10617 move [4] - 3011 1795 1799 15 16 1117 1856 1857 mine [1] - 259 4119 6410 676
luminance [6] - 847 1045 1403 1404 18511 minimal [1] - 746 moved [4] - 106 848 8411 8415 match [1] - 1713 meetings [2] - 11113 minimally [1] - 1514 138 5015 1739 855 15610 material [4] - 289 1817 minimum [4] - 211 movement [1] - 272
lux [2] - 8511 8514 1034 1035 1036 materials [2] - 2716
meets [3] - 1913 732
1818 665 13011 minor [2] - 796
moving [1] - 4511 multi [4] - 999
M 415 matter [11] - 102
MEMBER [2] - 1613 673
1654 minute [3] - 111
10313 1578 1579
magic [1] - 116 magnitudes [1] -10411
mail [2] - 1014 1323 main [1] - 17812 maintain [3] - 5610 9516 973
maintenance [1] -5013
Maintenance [1] -216
major [6] - 1103
4314 6115 14019 1421 1422 14417 1572 1976 1977
matters [4] - 4010 6819 916 16814
maximizing [1] -14214
mean [25] - 3410 384 483 7515 8211 832 839 883 9315 963 9613 10415
Member [7] - 18 19 19 110 110 111 111
members [7] - 121 513 7916 908 9013 1237 15511
Members [2] - 42 4917
memo [5] - 7914 7918 19116 1924 1929
memorialize [1] -
1086 1254 minutes [2] - 479 11914
miscellaneous [1] -706
misgivings [1] -14419
missed [1] - 1436 missing [5] - 7711 7715 785 11413 17713
mistaken [1] - 9913 models [1] - 5719
multi-family [1] -10313
multi-month [1] -1579
multi-unit [1] - 999 multi-year [1] - 1578 multiple [2] - 1449 14610
municipal [20] - 687 11917 1453 14615 14616 1478 15018 1541 15419
1104 1201 10614 1261 1149 modern [2] - 14011 15712 1601 13718 14210 12717 13013 memorialized [1] - 17413 16017 16018
Manager [4] - 113 13912 1644 1163 modification [4] - 16212 1692 15115 16310 1654 1717 1726 memorializing [1] - 16719 1683 1701 18717 17119 17914 1809 1277 1688 17018 Municipal [7] - 547
manager [1] - 23 1852 memory [1] - 9913 modifications [4] - 694 8314 1096 manner [3] - 552 means [5] - 8417 mention [1] - 432 5211 5310 1097 11018 6413 1574 8516 12717 mentioned [4] - 16113 1629 1247
manufactured [1] -
11
Murphy [2] - 113 23 MURPHY [1] - 5015 music [2] - 1532 1536
must [6] - 659 951 14416 1467 1727
N
nails [1] - 12011 name [6] - 1115 2312 352 3514 13919 1446
natural [1] - 9713 nature [1] - 295 nay [1] - 1538 near [1] - 4815 nearby [2] - 159 1510
nearly [1] - 7712 necessarily [3] -5610 6417 7518
necessary [1] - 269 need [21] - 2616 327 387 388 3812 3814 3819 411 6314 9012 9016 9319 10414 11713 12415 12913 12915 14618 15713 1861 19310
needed [1] - 15015 needs [6] - 2912 1512 1531 15711 15719 1921
neighbor [6] - 4419 463 6615 6811 788 878
neighbors [1] - 443 neighborhood [11] -67 1514 1519 2319 11116 1121 11612 1193 1321 13314 13316
neighbors [10] - 384 3913 5819 7612 11211 11212 11419 1457 17511
network [1] - 685 never [3] - 1159 12715 1287
new [25] - 211 214 32 49 84 173 2819 5518 5616 5915 634 6313
703 817 828 9215 958 9716 1184 12110 1309 1368 1369
newer [2] - 602 1752
news [2] - 412 1610 newspaper [1] - 1611 Newton [2] - 701 801
Newtons [1] - 6919 next [13] - 410 51 104 1013 112 416 442 5111 6316 6615 7613 11519 1869
next-door [2] - 442 6615
nice [6] - 304 3718 4114 496 4911 11616
nicely [1] - 11519 night [12] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 10117 10412 11617 11619 1206 1337 13314 1344
nightmare [1] - 8219 nobody [3] - 3218 14511 18213
noise [14] - 2717 287 3015 416 4516 4517 4617 498 6912 7112 1409 14210 1432 1532
Non [2] - 27 28 non [44] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 195 3219 333 337 4919 558 5512 569 5611 602 6213 6819 7110 7910 816 9112 9116 922 9212 9216 973 978 979 992 9919 1005 1009 10510 1073 1074 1285 1286 1364 1396 15110 1806 1896
non-conformance [1] - 15110
non-conforming [23] - 1313 1316 1318 1415 1515 3219 337 5512 5611 602 7110 7910 816 922
9919 1009 10510 1285 1286 1364 1396
non-conformities [2] - 333 9116
non-conformity [9] -558 569 9112 9212 9216 973 978 979 992
non-continuous [2] -1073 1074
non-enforcement [1] - 1896
non-residential [4] -195 4919 6213 1806
Non-Residential [2] -27 28
non-zoning [2] -6819 1005
nonetheless [1] -15814
Norfolk [2] - 56 714 noses [1] - 296 NOT [3] - 19514 1965 19718
Notary [3] - 1967 1975 19714
notations [2] -19514 1966
note [7] - 619 6414 656 657 734 1043 1964
noted [2] - 7413 19617
notes [4] - 14014 1696 17112 1979
nothing [4] - 4611 4614 1454 1708
notice [1] - 1847 notify [1] - 1673 notion [3] - 1552 1694 17016
nowadays [1] - 4518 noxious [1] - 14311 nuisance [2] - 805 11213
nuisances [1] -11218
number [3] - 210 665 1165
numbering [1] - 575 numbers [1] - 2510 NUR [9] - 4713 4811 4819 492 10111 15214 15216 1875 18811
Nur [2] - 111 1917
O 8616 8617 9912 1023 1025 1029 1055 1065 1077 1118 11217 1195 1258 12710 12814 1333 14810 14916 1533 1534 1535 15617 1608 1626 16415 1757 17517 1778 18015 1917 19317
ones [1] - 1414 one-story [3] - 1210 1311 1815
onerous [2] - 994 1186
ones [4] - 2018 214 216 11717
ongoing [1] - 808 open [8] - 225 334 3313 3315 342 3511 3715 5218
opening [1] - 958 openings [3] - 2015 2017 1799
opinion [2] - 6013 19317
opossums [1] - 1343 opportunities [1] -6412
opportunity [3] -4010 1674 18210
opposed [2] - 8316 10218
opposites [1] - 1534 opposition [1] - 403 opt [1] - 17310 order [4] - 535 6715 1058 14016
Ordinance [56] - 214 5410 554 556 594 684 695 6915 705 7011 747 7810 7812 791 802 10919 11018 11217 11816 1247 12411 1279 12816 12911 1306 13416 1352 1356 1357 1358 13510 1362 13615 1374 13712 13713 13716 13717 1381
oclock [1] - 475 OGrady [1] - 13119 objections [1] - 1933 observation [1] -15515
observations [1] -1549
observatory [1] -10410
observed [1] - 6015 obviously [7] - 2615 357 3617 484 7719 963 15112
occupancy [1] - 1181 Occupancy [1] -1186
occupied [2] - 1317 186
occupier [1] - 2315 occupy [1] - 502 occur [1] - 2817 occurring [1] - 3014 October [1] - 2319 OF [7] - 12 673 19516 1972 19717 19718 19719
Off-Street [1] - 216 off-street [1] - 17615 offenses [1] - 706 offensive [1] - 17510 offer [3] - 1007 1335 17213
offering [2] - 12410 12412
office [5] - 73 75 989 1406 16616
OFFICIAL [1] - 118 officials [1] - 12213 often [5] - 11712 1182 1605 1746
old [2] - 601 6313 older [1] - 1752 on-line [1] - 1010 once [3] - 1099 11012 1555
one [68] - 418 59 715 127 1210 1311 154 1719 1815 1913 2015 227 2215 267 2812 3214 379 423 459 4716 5315 541 5510 5618 5916 6414 656 6514 6515 7013 7111 723 804 8213 8513
12
13 1393 1407 overreach [1] - 764 711 718 374 9918 1279 person [7] - 2310 14114 1426 overshadow [1] - 422 428 4216 13317 643 6418 835 14417 14518 4815 4312 456 8319 past [3] - 285 445 11814 12614 1462 14611 owe [1] - 19316 8610 8714 8718 6811 1317 14614 1511 own [7] - 2318 8810 8910 path [4] - 4810 personally [4] -1543 1593 5817 593 14215 13017 1311 9319 11417 6813 1501 1527 16612 17718 1556 16813 14314 1539 17117 17513 17814 18412 17311 15318 paved [1] - 2812 personnel [1] -18511 owned [2] - 134 Pamela [2] - 19 43 pay [3] - 9815 1144 15416
ordinance [25] - 1617 paragraph [11] - 1431 persons [1] - 1438 4516 6913 7112 7113 9915 1004 1097 11512 11513 1372
owner [26] - 1118 1315 1317 1412 1418 186 1811 2315 3619 614
1295 12910 13415 1354 1377 1384 16118 1684
PB282 [1] - 27 pending [1] - 1691 people [38] - 3416 372 3714 382
perspective [3] -8017 9115 9116
Petition [25] - 5113 812 11517 1465
1454 14616 649 6415 6418 17113 17114 383 4717 5116 14912 1502 14617 1478 653 742 755 1905 603 6719 7319 1528 15311 15018 1542 7514 804 805 Paragraph [1] - 217 7516 7912 8217 1616 1626 1647 15419 15712 9311 10315 parallel [1] - 17117 993 1027 1041 1667 1697 1601 16018 16213 1692
10317 13016 1756 18210
parameters [2] - 899 1015
1057 10519 11111 1161
17611 17613 17618 17713
18518 18718 Ordinances [6] -5712 597 5919 623 6619 15519
owners [1] - 744 owner-occupied [2] -1317 186
owners [7] - 562
pardon [1] - 249 park [1] - 5819 parking [23] - 92 145 1411 1417
11613 1175 1206 12419 1345 13813 13815 1433
1816 18115 18416 18512 18719 1923 19211 1934
ORIGINAL [1] - 1958 783 10311 1309 1419 151 153 14312 1458 petition [40] - 217 original [10] - 5516 1518 1519 154 155 201 1513 1522 1581 5311 5317 5319 578 5813 764 17517 432 502 659 1669 18014 5516 564 578 9010 1373 1646 1735 1952 1959
ownership [1] - 188 Oxford [1] - 72
6516 661 6612 6616 1049 1746
1863 19114 19119
5813 626 6310 6319 656 6514
originally [5] - 9612 17410 1758 peoples [1] - 3710 8112 821 9010 9918 1372 1502 1529
P 1761 17615 Parking [2] - 29 216
per [3] - 211 192 855
9517 10014 10619 11611
otherwise [3] - 4710 606 1147
ought [3] - 1251 15016 16619
ourselves [2] -18414 18415
outcome [2] - 9710 1977
pm [2] - 14 19319 pack [3] - 417 681 1828
package [2] - 2613 5212
packs [1] - 6810 PADEN [17] - 414
part [20] - 2217 245 6913 6914 9915 10419 10517 13416 14417 1452 1465 14611 14615 16018 1685 16817 16919
percent [2] - 1209 perfect [3] - 7712 12414 15911
perhaps [5] - 613 998 12710 1381 1686
period [2] - 1002 14617
12012 12017 1217 12116 1221 1224 12214 1231 12311 12513 1267 1271 1357 15911 16618 1735 17311
outcomes [1] - 1105 outdoor [14] - 3111 3113 3618 4012 4614 598 10213 10610 13613 1744 17410 17411 17917
54 519 610 618 74 710 716 719 83 812 916 108 113 131 2110 2219
Paden [1] - 115
1813 18617 19011
participate [1] - 1441 participated [1] -1101
particular [8] - 818 273 541 5719
permanent [1] - 1067 permeability [1] -415
permeable [1] - 2811 permissible [1] - 210 permission [2] - 445 891
1782 1784 petitioner [2] - 6018 10014
phone [1] - 1093 phonetic [1] - 13911 photo [2] - 2612 895
1807 outgrow [1] - 483 outside [3] - 6513 9811 1474
overall [6] - 1011 5310 553 5514
PAGE [2] - 19516 1969
page [13] - 574 576 585 5917 608 6112 6316 658 1352 17813
646 7512 876 14016
particularly [7] - 67 417 424 12212 14914 15312 16315
Permit [14] - 27 814 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 9214 9215 1172 11713
physical [2] - 6014 1598
picture [1] - 1124 piece [7] - 4412 5618 816 833 1052 12511
5618 6016 overbroad [2] -14913 1505
overhang [2] - 1715 2113
Overlay [1] - 816 overlook [1] - 245 overly [1] - 966
17817 Page [3] - 219 572 1967
pages [1] - 573 pains [1] - 1577 painting [2] - 2610 968
PAMELA [24] - 514 65 611 616 79
parties [3] - 281 7710 1976
parts [1] - 1783 party [4] - 262 759 787 1957
pass [2] - 1235 1276
passed [4] - 915
permit [5] - 210 911 314 941 1016
Permits [1] - 758 permits [1] - 12817 Permitted [1] - 31 permitted [3] - 1001 1068 10615
1332 pieces [1] - 1939 pitch [1] - 8619 pitches [2] - 10815 10817
place [6] - 167 1245 1333 1596 1624 18911
placed [1] - 1111 portion [4] - 2812 primarily [1] - 498 1797 proposing [14] -places [3] - 5717 666 1353 13818 primary [4] - 2910 pronged [2] - 802 1315 141 144 1064 1415 portions [2] - 215 1425 1521 8616 1417 174 179
plan [25] - 1011 1351 16212 proper [2] - 752 1710 1714 183 1719 187 2317 position [1] - 12111 principle [2] - 6017 1096 1261 1262 1687 2417 2418 255 possibility [2] - 2413 1837 properly [1] - 1473 18510 1881
2619 2815 292 17010 principles [1] - properties [9] - 1215 prospective [1] -2912 2916 3011 possible [11] - 5319 15611 1218 1717 782 9113 3111 3113 339 601 6815 9211 privacy [2] - 275 16512 16517 protect [2] - 14216 3910 3915 4111 9717 9718 9911 3617 17416 1794 14815 7015 9813 9815 13011 13012 private [7] - 3319 property [70] - 1319 proved [1] - 823 10517 10518 1416 1437 3618 376 377 142 144 154 provide [7] - 3910 1176 possibly [3] - 5811 3712 3717 3914 156 1813 2017 5418 615 645
planned [4] - 4818 1077 1479 privatization [1] - 2019 2111 223 6412 9211 1909 14110 1447 postpone [1] - 1246 14212 2218 233 241 providing [1] - 155 1708 potentially [2] - 611 pro [1] - 808 245 2419 257 provision [13] - 559
PLANNING [2] - 12 7414 pro-active [1] - 808 258 259 2517 5815 5915 642 1961 power [3] - 1005 problem [19] - 615 261 271 276 704 767 1078
Planning [21] - 47 17117 1892 686 719 7913 277 3317 3510 1298 15517 814 91 919 powerful [1] - 12812 803 8019 1099 443 455 4610 15614 16515 118 5314 5810 practical [3] - 4313 12115 12119 482 489 5014 17019 1721 12016 12219 11710 1854 1221 1223 562 614 6416 provisions [4] - 571 12618 1475 pre [3] - 7012 7110 13015 13210 6418 653 6611 17717 18111 15817 1672 1068 14218 1459 708 724 736 1896 1687 17310 pre-exempt [1] - 15414 1634 742 744 745 provocative [1] -1883 1886 1941 1068 1809 18214 755 7514 783 1314 19512 1964 pre-existing [2] - problematic [1] - 784 804 805 Public [4] - 14510 19616 7012 7110 12215 9311 10312 1967 1975
planning [4] - 303 predicate [1] - 1143 problems [5] - 679 1128 13810 19714 311 446 1844 preempt [1] - 18818 1216 12111 1414 1518 1657 public [17] - 103
plans [6] - 59 3018 preference [2] - 402 1226 1463 1661 1679 118 209 239 7014 1175 1179 12316 procedurally [1] - 17517 1791 5114 5713 5819 1182 premise [1] - 1202 1554 1792 1793 1796 595 6718 9014
plant [1] - 448 premises [1] - 17617 procedure [2] - 1797 17915 1112 12619 plantings [2] - 267 2619
pleased [1] - 304 plighting [1] - 8712 podium [1] - 2312 point [21] - 215 2115 2118 3518 6410 6519 6714 724 8415 8519 867 926 9314 1056 1077 1259 1491 1492 1663 1686 1882
pointed [2] - 895 1108
pointing [2] - 1592 16413
points [3] - 4714 796 1938
police [1] - 1005 policy [2] - 1184 1728
poor [2] - 839 8910 population [2] -1424 14815
porch [1] - 7614 porches [1] - 10611
prepared [1] - 3916 present [3] - 5813 14813 14814
presentation [5] -515 903 12211 14715 15411
presented [1] - 1529 presenting [1] - 521 Preston [2] - 111 44 PRESTON [11] - 71 798 1575 18418 1853 18615 18618 1872 18810 18817 19014
pretty [12] - 6811 9616 12412 15810 15811 15815 15817 16014 16816 16819 17316 1864
prevents [1] - 735 previous [3] - 281 11418 14810
previously [2] -1584 18013
16812 17015 proceed [2] - 3119 527
process [26] - 203 204 207 249 2911 407 645 648 7610 8118 10013 1016 10311 10419 10917 10918 11414 11510 1168 1188 12014 12113 1247 16016 16413 17313
process-wise [1] -10013
produce [1] - 1036 produces [1] - 10217 productive [1] - 1712 professional [4] -868 1573 1611 1844
professionals [1] -11018
profit [1] - 14212 prohibiting [1] -
18118 1826 18210 18213
propertys [1] - 134 proponent [5] - 1617 3312 388 3910 9010
proponents [1] -9612
proposal [18] - 1513 195 2914 3216 338 9012 937 1013 1014 1277 15218 16318 16319 1685 1754 1771 17812
propose [4] - 452 1683 17018 18519
proposed [20] - 221 267 3319 5211 533 539 568 5716 7118 9314 9517 12413 1358 1367 1368 1618 1717 17217 18110 19212
1284 14216 14818
PUBLIC [1] - 26 publish [1] - 1673 pull [1] - 1938 pulling [1] - 1172 Purpose [1] - 7714 purpose [4] - 3411 5419 551 7812
purposes [1] - 275 pursuant [1] - 28 pursue [1] - 688 put [26] - 516 1010 1015 4213 4318 442 4913 5516 5910 681 8710 964 10214 10215 10216 10717 11311 1244 13615 14016 1474 15417 16915 17314 18813 18814
Putnam [7] - 27 119 1119 123 124 125 1215
14
putting [3] - 989 10219 1177
rating [1] - 582 ratio [2] - 665 667 rationale [1] - 523 rats [1] - 1472 re [3] - 5319 14615 1681
re-advertise [1] -1681
re-advertisement [1] -5319
re-craft [1] - 14615 reached [3] - 16716 17215 1874
reaction [2] - 1275 1812
read [8] - 33 748 13918 17716 1781 1785 18211 19616
reading [4] - 692 8514 19512 1964
ready [1] - 4912 real [13] - 74 418 4513 871 10010 11017 11018 11019 11511 11513 15417 15615 16210
reality [1] - 1725 realize [1] - 393 really [56] - 1716 365 366 3719 395 425 4811 587 6110 682 741 774 791 7913 7919 8111 832 857 8619 905 9710 9810 1014 10115 10414 10417 10617 1081 11114 11419 1164 11913 12115 1332 1513 15116 15216 1531 15310 15312 15410 15414 1577 15715 1592 1647 16411 16413 1786 18013 19119 1924 1925 19215 19218
Realty [1] - 72 rear [6] - 176 268 3318 413 4719 4816
reason [12] - 5511
669 1111 1308 1391 14010 14310 1638 1757 18312 19011 1965
REASON [6] - 19610 19611 19612 19613 19614 19615
reasonable [3] -6114 6611 11213
reasonably [1] -9114
reasons [2] - 10317 19513
recap [1] - 18713 RECEIVED [1] -19518
received [1] - 1846 recent [1] - 1742 recently [4] - 77 264 1404 14113
recess [3] - 111 114 519
recessed [1] - 3114 recognized [1] - 151 recollection [2] -9916 1007
recommend [13] -102 688 10413 12310 1266 1276 14612 1494 1502 15612 1616 1884 18913
recommendation [30] - 5112 5214 5215 5217 716 7918 814 8110 9016 9617 10017 12516 12518 1263 1293 15012 15211 15616 16015 16016 1615 16212 1731 1733 1843 18714 18715 18717 18917 18919
recommendations [6] - 10018 1464 1481 15918 17214 1926
recommended [5] -205 652 6516 6918 16113
recommending [4] -965 1528 15219 18018
reconfigure [1] - 93 reconstruction [1] -5416
record [3] - 1934 1957 19618
RECORD [1] - 118 recording [1] - 648 recourse [2] - 614 15719
redirect [1] - 8819 redrafted [1] - 7712 reduce [3] - 501 13010 13015
Reduction [1] - 29 reduction [2] - 144 1919
refer [2] - 11010 11012
Refer [1] - 1967 reference [4] - 7118 1067 1349 15019
referenced [1] -15916
references [1] - 1569 referred [3] - 5115 975 1101
referring [3] - 4914 11718 1774
refers [3] - 1074 11010 1777
reflected [1] - 877 reflecting [1] - 1751 reflection [1] - 217 reflects [1] - 1011 regard [1] - 7212 regarding [1] - 18716 regular [1] - 6710 regulate [1] - 6013 regulated [2] - 6010 6012
regulation [8] - 609 6016 6313 6314 13411 1566 1623 1632
regulations [9] - 505 5617 634 636 659 698 888 945 1562
regulatory [1] -17618
reinventing [1] -1563
relate [2] - 412 247 related [8] - 307 416 1272 1303 1305 15314 15319 1976
relates [4] - 757 759 1599
relating [2] - 509
5011 relative [2] - 226 10015
relief [7] - 1918 4915 806 1136 15715 1581 1909
rely [2] - 5312 16312
remain [2] - 188 1001
remains [2] - 6016 7210
remedy [1] - 14611 remedying [1] -14119
remember [5] - 617 813 97 8113 1646
remind [4] - 473 476 10013 1057
remove [3] - 31 34 176
removed [1] - 454 renovate [1] - 172 renovation [4] - 247 355 4716 10517
renovations [1] -2617
rental [3] - 1813 3318 364
renter [1] - 6419 renting [2] - 139 8218
REP [1] - 1962 repair [1] - 269 repairs [1] - 969 repeatedly [2] -10415 1429
rephrase [1] - 7315 REPLACE [1] -19516
replace [5] - 216 178 11313 11315 13016
replaced [1] - 9711 replacement [3] -601 956 11312
replacing [3] - 1713 923 1138
report [1] - 17119 reported [1] - 1156 Reporter [2] - 1974 19714
REPORTER [1] -19719
REPORTERS [1] -117
represent [1] - 2217 represented [1] -4011
Q
quadrupled [2] -1381 14519
quantify [1] - 12416 questions [17] - 51 2012 2015 2213 246 2410 536 6716 711 9819 1062 1248 1249 1314 15014
queue [1] - 17314 quick [24] - 2012 2014 5619 9819 10011 1089 10810 11016 11510 1545 15412 1553 15616 17514 1767 18010 18019 18314 18513 18514 18519 1869 1881 18819
quickly [2] - 9717 1235
quiet [4] - 4515 4518 466 1413
quite [8] - 2618 4114 4516 496 12417 13616 14011 1495
quoted [1] - 12712
R
rabbits [1] - 1342 raccoons [2] - 13318 radius [2] - 148 778 raised [5] - 5314 6512 13311 1663 18413
raising [2] - 1337 1845
Raising [1] - 512 ramifications [1] -18319
ran [2] - 135 136 range [2] - 622 668 Ranjit [3] - 11615 1199 19214
Ranjits [1] - 14816 rapidly [1] - 1416 rather [9] - 207 405 6011 6710 728 1307 1543 16916 1885
15
representing [1] -1117
REPRODUCTION [1] - 19718
request [8] - 2414 591 643 654 1274 14714 14716 14717
requested [1] - 99 requesting [1] - 1816 require [5] - 5318 9311 961 986 1176
Required [1] - 29 required [6] - 201 271 291 502 1179 14116
required) [1] - 1967 requirement [3] -927 9316 967
requirements [7] -2416 6510 702 7119 7211 986 1569
requires [5] - 9214 1143 1205 15712
research [1] - 917 reservations [1] -15210
residence [5] - 1313 1317 1416 1518 341
Residence [8] -1314 633 638 13614 13813 1774 17918
residential [24] -1812 195 196 4919 501 6212 6213 997 998 1298 12915 1301 1417 1651 1652 1657 1661 16614 1678 17616 1806 1818 18417
Residential [5] - 27 28 28 29 34
resolution [2] -11416 11417
resolved [4] - 6413 7415 1452
resolving [1] - 1192 respectful [2] - 412 18412
respects [2] - 331 334
respond [5] - 524 594 649 6716 12315
responding [1] -12315
Response [1] - 1488 response [5] - 5118 589 1274 14014 1937
Response) [1] - 3213 rest [6] - 608 655 10716 10717 14217 1509
restart [1] - 17312 restaurant [1] - 9810 restrict [1] - 10311 Restrictions [2] - 32 34
restrictions [3] -1154 1155 17818
result [1] - 817 results [1] - 10519 retail [7] - 517 61 62 64 66 69 712
retain [1] - 5310 retaining [1] - 6218 reuse [1] - 175 reuses [1] - 4114 review [4] - 7015 808 9510 16617
reviewed [3] - 918 1095 16512
reviewing [2] - 7015 13418
reviews [1] - 1063 revised [2] - 12318 15211
revision [2] - 58 15011
revisions [3] - 531 13719 15212
rewrite [1] - 1103 rewriting [1] - 1901 rezoning [1] - 818 rhythm [1] - 1339 rightful [1] - 1596 rights [3] - 4613 4615 5014
risk [1] - 1277 ROBERT [1] - 1446 Robert [2] - 1447 15313
Roberts [5] - 5116 529 1823 1937 19315
ROBERTS [31] - 528 6713 6817 725 731 7311 7317 7412 844 883 886 8811 928 936 939 9317 955 959 9514
9618 10616 13417 13511 13514 13811 1608 1643 17212 1745 1788 18713
rodent [2] - 1457 1458
Roger [1] - 116 roof [3] - 221 317 1198
roofing [1] - 436 roofs [1] - 3115 rooftop [3] - 387 389 3810
room [4] - 6710 8512 1194 1533
rotted [1] - 302 roughly [1] - 126 round [1] - 1858 routes [1] - 159 rubbish [2] - 1459 14512
Rule [1] - 7910 rule [2] - 197 485 Rules [1] - 547 rules [5] - 569 588 9217 976 14814
run [2] - 1099 1189 runs [1] - 1591 RUSSELL [103] - 46 419 614 81 86 1019 116 1113 163 194 1911 1918 209 2013 2212 238 2512 313 322 3211 3214 3310 351 3516 375 379 3713 3915 4313 452 457 478 4912 5017 513 5110 661 676 6717 7019 8012 8713 8916 907 10110 1039 1076 1213 12117 1239 12417 1257 12515 1269 12612 1313 13414 1359 13513 13612 1376 1379 13713 13717 13812 13914 13917 1444 14711 1486 1489 15215 1605 16119 16519 1693
1709 1711 1715 1726 17610 1776 1783 1787 18113 1831 1835 1863 1866 18612 18616 18619 1873 18812 18819 18915 1903 1908 1912 1916 1919 1936 19314
Russell [4] - 17 42 1336 14413
section [7] - 7712 7716 7810 1158 11719 14614 1777
Sections [1] - 215 security [1] - 871 see [42] - 68 2317 259 2611 284 2815 3214 359 4812 766 7615 7913 7917 8819 9614 1017 1023 1024 10217 10411 1071 10815 10816 10819 11014 1125 1161 1162 1174 1271 1273 13211 1439 1493 16010 16617 17417 17418 17419 18410 1857 19019
seeing [1] - 1862 seek [1] - 208 seeking [1] - 1919 seem [4] - 913 1554 1558 19010
sell [1] - 1183 semi [3] - 377 3712 3717
semi-private [3] -377 3712 3717
send [6] - 1016 896 11812 1193 18313 19218
sending [1] - 15917 Senior [1] - 15 sense [6] - 355 3918 12513 15013 1718 17216
sensor [1] - 1072 sent [2] - 5212 16115
sentence [2] - 12117 18315
sentences [2] - 7717 15618
sentiment [1] - 903 separate [1] - 694 separation [1] - 6212 September [1] -19711
series [3] - 1211 1618 11611
serious [2] - 13214 1333
seriously [1] - 12914
S
Sacramento [1] - 515 safe [1] - 3317 safety [6] - 591 1112 1113 1332 1335 1423
SAM [1] - 3416 Sam [2] - 353 366 SAME [2] - 353 19718
sat [2] - 11514 11515
saw [2] - 772 16613 scattered [1] - 14014 scenario [1] - 5913 schedule [1] - 477 scheduled [1] - 112 schematic [1] - 2915 School [1] - 13310 science [1] - 15910 scope [11] - 5311 5316 5318 9210 9516 10618 1117 1666 16618 1735 17617
scratch [1] - 16718 screen [2] - 786 792 scrutiny [1] - 1749 Sean [1] - 13118 Seated [1] - 1917 seated [1] - 115 second [10] - 129 183 5016 5017 912 10210 1317 13110 15515 1628
secondly [3] - 909 1049 1292
Section [16] - 28 29 29 32 33 548 7117 7119 7713 831 11816 1355 1681 17816 18410
16
servant [1] - 14818 serve [1] - 16819 serves [1] - 9913 Services [4] - 941 9812 14510 15718
servicing [1] - 488 session [1] - 1888 set [10] - 558 729 7210 8812 11914 1619 16114 16116 1979 19711
setback [2] - 2416 272
sets [1] - 8811 setting [1] - 6618 sever [1] - 14613 several [5] - 121 573 908 10711 14811
shadow [2] - 10217 1036
shall [12] - 209 5411 5413 5414 7119 737 1068 12712 17617 17819 1796
share [2] - 4716 1533
shared [3] - 95 2110 19117
shed [2] - 1197 sheet [4] - 1058 11817 1965 1966
Sheet [4] - 1952 1955 19513 1968
SHEET [3] - 1951 19517 1963
shielded [1] - 894 shielding [1] - 7212 shine [1] - 875 shines [1] - 1389 shining [2] - 859 1035
shirts [1] - 1468 shocking [1] - 1813 shop [1] - 69 short [4] - 114 519 15613 1671
short-term [1] -15613
shortcomings [1] -14419
Shorthand [2] -1974 19714
shorthand [1] -13419
shortly [3] - 106
2618 1463 shot [1] - 1209 shoulder [1] - 4215 show [3] - 9813 9815 1384
showed [3] - 275 10912
shown [4] - 3010 3012 3916 12110
shows [4] - 158 3911 792 12212
shrubs [2] - 481 4812
side [11] - 125 128 1210 1212 1712 1715 2016 3816 437 904 14410
sides [1] - 255 sidetrack [1] - 13519 Sieniewicz [3] - 110 44 1336
SIENIEWICZ [15] -2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
sighted [1] - 13317 sign [4] - 9914 1004 19513
Sign [1] - 1966 SIGNATURE [1] -1951
signed [1] - 1956 SIGNED [1] - 19517 significant [4] -2819 5519 5612 14917
significantly [1] -13015
Signs [1] - 218 signs [2] - 1001 10912
similar [2] - 655 1542
simple [5] - 1119 1537 1631 17110 17111
simplicity [1] - 11110 simply [7] - 3811 8918 14119 1452 14612 18216
Singanayagam [1] -14719
single [4] - 1317 1416 1518 1719
single-family [3] -1317 1416 1518
sit [1] - 1537
site [5] - 109 1817 7015 7113 1155
Sitting [1] - 42 situation [4] - 335 5818 7012 818
situations [1] - 8010 six [6] - 1211 406 479 1131 11819 1288
six-story [1] - 1288 size [3] - 1818 1382 1461
skill [1] - 19710 skin [1] - 14411 skip [1] - 583 skipping [1] - 549 sky [7] - 7811 7814 7819 8713 1043 10412 1337
sleep [1] - 1339 sleeping [1] - 1342 slide [1] - 11418 slipped [1] - 1003 small [7] - 361 578 1054 10812 1165 1518 1519
smaller [3] - 2216 9910 16116
smart [1] - 447 sneak [1] - 11015 so [1] - 698 socialization [1] -14213
sodium [1] - 12813 sole [1] - 19112 Solet [3] - 1317 1319 1428
SOLET [6] - 1318 1802 18910 18913 18918 19018
Solicitor [2] - 16913 1734
Solicitors [1] -16616
solicitors [1] - 1094 solution [1] - 16213 solve [5] - 685 686 8119 1226 1462
solving [1] - 8316 someone [6] - 4913 7518 8817 9213 987 13818
someplace [1] -16818
sometime [1] - 13515 sometimes [5] - 443 444 5216 6210 11313
somewhat [1] - 1047 somewhere [2] -
8410 17011 sonar [1] - 10215 soon [1] - 413 sooner [1] - 6710 sorry [11] - 2014 574 6712 712 737 1066 1258 1347 13917 17712 1803
sort [26] - 76 2513 605 6017 6318 726 729 774 7716 856 8512 864 8615 9119 946 974 978 11614 13411 13419 14017 1553 16716 16719 18318 1842
sorts [2] - 281 15519
sought [1] - 4915 sound [2] - 5012 1542
sounds [2] - 1864 18811
source [4] - 8415 8513 8517 1307
south [1] - 125 southern [1] - 4813 space [19] - 518 61 64 152 154 225 2517 301 304 334 3313 3315 343 3511 3618 377 4012 4614 495
Space [1] - 27 spaces [6] - 66 1418 156 171 3715 3914
speaker [1] - 15919 speakers [1] - 1349 speaking [2] - 14517 1693
special [6] - 647 1297 1369 13610 1382 1707
Special [11] - 27 813 815 96 910 919 203 207 2911 4919 758
specific [8] - 4914 5513 617 648 6910 9518 18510 1884
specifically [4] - 509 5010 824 1933
specified [1] - 9310 specify [4] - 461 598 9310 9518
spend [2] - 10914 1192
spent [2] - 5714 1092
spill [5] - 6613 6614 7213 7216 7819
spilling [3] - 6610 781 7814
spoken [2] - 2718 909
spot [1] - 615 spots [1] - 3115 spread [1] - 858 springs [1] - 1158 Square [1] - 1762 square [7] - 126 192 198 1912 2216 2316 855
SS [1] - 1973 Staff [1] - 115 staff [15] - 5116 5117 713 717 918 11617 11619 12316 14115 14814 1503 1525 16311 16615 18317
staffs [1] - 752 stair [1] - 149 stairs [1] - 3011 stance [1] - 1635 standard [15] - 1914 6114 621 6515 6516 6612 6613 7218 747 7411 863 1255 1393 1395 17418
standards [17] -5312 558 5716 581 587 598 618 622 624 7210 733 869 8812 1437 1471 17413
standing [3] - 773 8216 10818
start [7] - 914 294 3217 521 14910 1563 16718
started [2] - 1131 16413
starting [1] - 17810 starts [4] - 5213 559 573 1753
State [1] - 12711 state [4] - 546 548
17
559 697 statement [1] - 1908 statements [1] -19618
stations [1] - 158 status [5] - 810 922 1365 13610 1397
stay [1] - 477 stenographic [1] -1979
step [2] - 5619 16513
Steve [6] - 3716 423 8912 9017 1576 1592
Steves [3] - 16318 16319 1855
STEVEN [50] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 185 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3217 3717 4015 4110 4117 459 473 8717 885 8912 8914 8917 9019 9219 938 9313 9417 957 9512 963 9818 1017 1347 1547 16715 17015 17116 17211 17712 1781 1786 1811 18311 1851 1895 18914 19016
Steven [4] - 19 110 43 44
still [19] - 697 765 9812 1046 11417 12111 1504 1506 15014 16810 16812 17317 1755 1773 1774 17915 1823 1861
stone [1] - 289 stop [1] - 6715 stopgap [7] - 15013 15412 1553 15613 16713 16811 1691
storage [1] - 345 store [2] - 77 1511 storefront [2] - 1211 1714
stories [1] - 181 story [6] - 1210
1311 1719 183 1815 1288
straight [3] - 6413 1476 1926
straightforward [1] -6013
strain [1] - 1413 straining [1] - 776 strategies [1] - 1623 Street [17] - 216 57 516 72 714 125 1218 2316 2318 1087 12615 12617 1319 13316 1399 13915 1402
street [7] - 1284 14514 17615 1793 1795 17910 17911
stress [1] - 15716 strict [2] - 971 986 strikes [1] - 14418 strobe [1] - 1075 struck [2] - 992 15410
structural [1] - 5416 structure [20] - 1311 1316 1416 1516 1610 1616 175 1710 184 1815 196 198 337 501 5417 5418 925 948 949 18115
Structures [1] - 28 structures [8] - 5411 5512 6014 7111 7911 999 1752 1753
Stuart [2] - 116 1606
stuck [1] - 14812 students [1] - 14219 studied [2] - 9011 study [6] - 1531 1579 1581 1585 16815 16817
stuff [7] - 817 8218 8310 10015 11110 11317 1196
stuffs [1] - 1098 subdivided [1] - 189 subject [2] - 9011 15212
submit [4] - 12016 12516 17311 1887
submitted [3] - 3919
17219 subscribe [1] -19617
subsequently [1] -138
substance [1] -17217
substantial [3] -5415 932 13817
substantially [6] -5419 551 552 6617 9015 9410
substituted [1] -12015
subtle [1] - 10813 suburban [1] - 671 suddenly [2] - 1761 1805
sue [1] - 11212 sued [2] - 11215 11218
suffer [1] - 14217 sufficient [3] - 147 14815 1571
suggest [6] - 11916 11919 12012 1886
suggested [4] -5816 16514 1676 18219
suggestion [6] -5918 613 716 15319 16219 17213
suggestions [2] -5219 15912
suing [1] - 11211 Sullivan [5] - 2311 2315 3916 409 421
SULLIVAN [15] -2314 258 2519 263 266 279 2714 2814 305 315 3110 3117 329 491 493
Sullivans [4] - 376 412 4315 4718
summarized [1] -497
summer [2] - 18511 18514
sun [1] - 4813 sunset [3] - 9918 1095 10910
superintendent [1] -839
Superintendent [1] -983
Superior [1] - 11415 supersede [1] - 728
supersedes [2] -6313 7311
superseding [1] -697
supplied [1] - 19513 support [5] - 12510 12511 1527 1627 1769
supposed [6] -10818 1091 11016 11017 11510 1168
surface [3] - 2811 857 859
surprised [1] - 13211 surprising [1] - 4014 survey [1] - 263 surveyed [2] - 251 257
surveyor [1] - 254 surveyors [1] - 483 suspect [2] - 1415 1431
switch [1] - 1144
17713 18115 1822 18512 18719 1891 1923 19211 1934 19316
Teagues [1] - 1271 tear [2] - 173 175 technical [12] - 8519 862 867 911 912 916 10416 14115 1568 1612 16814 16912
technology [1] -14012
Ted [5] - 15217 15313 1811 18312 1854
Teds [2] - 5017 1699
telescope [1] - 1044 temporary [4] -16216 1633 16313 1719
ten [6] - 111 475 1085 10911 11914 13516
tenant [3] - 1312 4017 10312
tenants [1] - 3816 tenants [11] - 1312 1411 1413 282 343 3417 3419 356 363 4613 1042
tend [2] - 5215 10212
tends [1] - 6211 term [8] - 32 34 1158 14217 15613 17318 18517 1888
terms [9] - 216 217 225 6119 779 846 985 1207 1615
testified [1] - 18014 testimony [9] - 2010 239 6718 6814 1114 13814 19513 1965 1978
text [24] - 32 35 5213 5214 534 568 6113 6116 6218 639 6310 7416 1368 1374 1483 16112 16118 16412 17815 1885 1887
T
table [1] - 4016 tackle [2] - 12218 talks [6] - 5815 6316 1078 17615 17916 18119
tall [2] - 4217 4814 tandem [4] - 1411 1417 1419 432
Taylor [4] - 12615 12616 13111 1325
TAYLOR [9] - 12616 13019 1312 13618 1378 13711 13715 18916 1907
TEAGUE [4] - 1081 1085 1265 12611
Teague [40] - 213 5113 524 10719 1086 11116 11517 12110 1221 1224 1227 12311 1259 1267 1304 1411 14912 1502 15010 1528 15311 1626 1646 16412 1667 1697 17611 17618 17710 17711
18
THE [10] - 12 118 1613 673 19516 19717 19718 19719
themselves [1] -1238
THEODORE [28] -76 87 913 101 1018 5016 712 7214 739 7315 7318 7417 1065 1375 1499 1662 17319 17512 1773 17715 17912 1803 1819 18215 1833 18310 1865 18912
theodore [1] - 18 Theodore [1] - 42 theory [1] - 1169 therefor [2] - 19513 1965
therefore [2] - 1366 1391
thereof [1] - 1956 thesis [1] - 11318 theyve [4] - 99 1010 12317
thinking [4] - 522 10713 14413 1835
thinks [1] - 14813 third [6] - 141 143 1817 202 203 16219
THIS [2] - 19516 19717
thoughtful [1] - 1899 thoughts [1] - 14415 thousands [1] -12715
three [11] - 98 156 1715 187 2113 243 489 999 10410 1254 1622
three-foot [2] - 1715 2113
throughout [2] -12912 1768
throw [2] - 15315 18212
throwing [1] - 1477 Tibbs [2] - 18 115 TIBBS [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371
8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
tied [1] - 593 tieing [1] - 7511 tile [4] - 10214 10216 10217 10218
timekeeper [1] - 474 timing [1] - 107 tiny [1] - 1025 title [1] - 33 TO [2] - 1961 19718 today [4] - 393 9613 11819 13819
together [2] - 441 10713
TOM [15] - 2011 2014 212 216 2112 2117 224 2211 2515 4916 7617 1256 1258 1589 1931
Tom [2] - 110 43 tonight [6] - 403 4119 12317 15213 15912 16210
took [2] - 1124 14413
tools [1] - 15713 top [1] - 216 touch [1] - 9811 touches [1] - 133 towards [2] - 2218 13610
town [3] - 1093 1094 11216
towns [1] - 1094 traffic [1] - 1029 training [1] - 14117 transcript [9] - 82 1935 1959 19514 1964 1966 1967 19616 19617
Transcript [1] - 25 TRANSCRIPT [2] -19516 19718
transcription [1] -1979
transcripts [2] - 84 85
trash [1] - 345 treated [1] - 6915 trees [4] - 483 8712
8715 8716 trespass [4] - 5113 704 707 10414
trial [1] - 1132 tried [1] - 1107 trigger [4] - 926 9314 9316 9510
triggered [1] - 11712 triggers [1] - 1056 trim [1] - 441 trip [1] - 10513 triple [2] - 1216 1217
trivial [1] - 10812 trouble [3] - 431 1104 11412
true [2] - 6417 1979 try [16] - 207 538 5913 5919 676 719 845 875 9210 9515 9717 981 12217 1466 1624 18517
trying [18] - 168 626 8118 822 8316 10015 10019 11014 11210 1218 12914 1385 1413 1492 15812 17519 18010 18012
Tuesday [1] - 13 turkeys [1] - 13318 turn [4] - 674 836 8513 1606
turning [3] - 148 1517 1541
tweak [1] - 12316 two [37] - 1013 1310 1312 1319 1412 1417 159 1719 1812 2011 2014 222 3115 3315 3318 3519 362 4317 4318 743 796 802 8616 10712 10916 1134 1349 1405 14013 1533 1534 1548 15617 16418 1817 18316 1869
two-family [1] - 222 two-pronged [2] -802 8616
two-unit [1] - 3519 type [3] - 9918 1034 1037
types [2] - 9413 9415
typically [2] - 359 4411
U
ultimate [1] - 16213 ultimately [1] - 7218 unable [2] - 1119 1904
unaware [1] - 13412 unclear [1] - 8212 uncomfortable [4] -776 17513 1764 18017
unconcern [1] -13210
under [30] - 188 296 3011 462 4613 4616 6111 664 6619 696 719 7216 7410 764 9118 1003 1005 1127 11212 11218 11914 1209 1353 1367 1501 15110 16910 17617 17710 1847
UNDER [1] - 19718 undergoing [1] - 104 underlying [1] - 1351 underneath [1] -1354
undersigned [1] -1974
understood [1] -1293
underutilized [1] -1517
unenforceable [1] -1638
unfortunately [1] -1119
uninstalled [1] -8814
unintended [2] -5811 1841
unit [19] - 142 143 1817 192 1913 203 228 2210 309 3016 3314 3519 364 3616 417 853 8613 8614 999
Unit [1] - 211 units [15] - 210 210 1310 1319 187 1812 1817 199
1912 227 317 3318 359 3510 503
University [2] - 104 109
unless [3] - 9912 1004 12112
UNLESS [1] - 19718 unnecessarily [1] -7819
unreasonable [1] -6613
unreasonably [1] -1517
unusual [1] - 2414 up [53] - 66 713 1010 226 3015 3814 4318 537 541 5713 5718 6217 6511 674 681 727 786 7814 7919 8513 865 8615 8710 8814 924 9217 995 10011 10214 1051 10715 11311 11316 12113 13018 1311 13314 1384 14315 15114 15418 1556 1558 15917 1645 16513 17012 17111 18012 18016 1915 1929
Update [1] - 23 update [2] - 49 1017 updates [2] - 1015 1016
upset [1] - 11114 urban [1] - 3719 urgent [1] - 14019 users [2] - 3411 14214
uses [11] - 1811 5411 5513 5518 7110 7115 8613 997 1009 10415 1408
utilities [1] - 1047 utilize [1] - 9216
V
vague [1] - 19216 valet [1] - 91 valiant [1] - 1218 valid [2] - 911 8312 valuable [1] - 19218
19
van [3] - 11515 1702 1914
VAN [5] - 1706 1713 1917 19111 19312
vapor [1] - 12813 variance [1] - 208 Variance [2] - 204 11910
variety [1] - 618 various [2] - 416 16310
verge [1] - 1814 verify [2] - 6019 897 versed [1] - 699 version [4] - 12013 12214 1696 17112
versions [1] - 17811 versus [4] - 7612 8117 827 1113
vertically [1] - 864 Vice [1] - 18 victim [1] - 6810 Victorian [2] - 127 139
view [3] - 2818 4910 7310
views [1] - 16110 violation [14] - 745 767 11412 1278 12815 13113 13118 1321 13410 13518 1361 1362 13611 14915
violations [6] - 1165 12715 12818 1327 13217 1449
violators [1] - 13212 visible [1] - 1116 visually [1] - 6019 volume [5] - 184 674 19512 19514 1966
vote [2] - 401 1814 voting [3] - 4118 513 15311
1534 1535 1536 1758 18814
wash [1] - 857 wattage [2] - 8412 13010
watts [1] - 842 ways [5] - 214 5513 15816 16319 17113
wear [1] - 1469 week [2] - 510 1016 weeks [5] - 1013 406 11819 13317 1869
weighing [2] - 14619 1472
weight [1] - 1689 weird [1] - 853 Wellens [3] - 13911 13913 1401
WELLENS [4] -13912 13916 13919 14316
whatevers [1] -10716
whatsoever [2] -1455 17516
wheel [2] - 1564 WHEN [1] - 19517 WHEREOF [1] -19711
whole [9] - 305 467 769 9111 1122 11315 1167 11912 1305
wholeheartedly [2] -8014 1576
width [3] - 4314 4316 458
wife [2] - 2317 13619
wildlife [2] - 13312 William [2] - 18 115 WILLIAM [31] - 1816 193 1915 3118 323 327 3311 342 346 3410 3414 3419 354 368 3612 371 8011 8013 10010 1018 1083 1212 1214 1223 12415 15316 1586 1642 16710 18610 18711
WILLIAMS [4] - 3513 3517 3610 3614
Williams [2] - 3514 1399
wind [1] - 14314
window [8] - 1713 2017 284 5911 952 956 958 1798
windows [1] - 383 WINTER [19] - 162 164 1614 171 1718 214 218 2214 231 234 237 326 3717 4015 4110 4117 473 8914 8917
Winter [2] - 19 43 WINTERS [25] - 514 65 611 616 79 711 718 374 422 428 4216 4312 456 8319 8610 8714 8718 8810 8910 13017 1311 14314 1446 1539 15318
winters [1] - 15511 Winters [4] - 19 43 1447 15313
wipe [1] - 1117 wise [1] - 10013 wish [4] - 3212 13910 1445 1486
wished [1] - 9612 wishes [1] - 532 wisteria [1] - 442 WITH [1] - 19516 withdrawing [1] -12513
withstanding [1] -1595
WITNESS [1] - 19711 wonder [3] - 292 3019 14416
wonderful [1] - 4111 wondering [5] - 810 2618 10116 1666 16715
wood [3] - 301 346 348
wooden [1] - 2611 word [1] - 10614 words [2] - 14414 1838
works [3] - 9114 11115 15816
Works [1] - 14511 world [3] - 468 1044 1897
worried [1] - 1519 worries [1] - 14511 worth [2] - 6518 772 write [6] - 10015
10513 1225 15518 1561 1929
write-up [1] - 1929 writing [4] - 10019 1247 1323 13918
written [19] - 362 5118 555 723 747 757 768 929 937 9515 1217 1224 1373 13712 13714 13718 1567 18719 19217
wrote [2] - 1153 1163
wwwreportersinc com [1] - 119
Y
yard [12] - 1410 245 2418 2716 291 3318 3519 363 3615 3616 415 8712
yards [2] - 3710 3816
year [4] - 98 8711 1405 1578
years [12] - 98 2319 251 10911 10916 1134 12819 13516 1405 14013 15814 1895
yellow [1] - 1058 yourself [1] - 914
Z
Zelinski [2] - 1974 19713
zero [1] - 12010 Zipcar [1] - 1510 Zone [2] - 14313 1448
zones [7] - 625 12915 12917 1301 1438 1439 14311
Zoning [109] - 24 213 52 55 818 4013 505 534 546 547 5410 5413 554 556 588 5912 5914 6219 642 643 6411 6417 684
6816 695 6914 6915 702 7016 719 7113 758 774 812 822 8314 866 8816 904 945 947 9416 9510 9518 962 972 9916 1052 1054 10512 10514 1061 1098 11118 11217 1164 11816 12411 12511 1278 12719 12815 1296 12911 1306 13419 1356 1369 1407 14113 1426 14417 1454 14518 1462 1465 14611 14614 14710 14918 1501 1509 15019 1543 1552 1555 15519 15615 15810 15817 15818 1597 15914 1616 1617 16112 16117 16118 1649 1659 1687 17718 17813 18011 18510 1884
zoning [2] - 6819 1005
W
wait [1] - 1897 waiting [1] - 15019 walk [1] - 885 walking [1] - 1511 walkways [1] - 17411 wall [5] - 262 681 6810 851 1828
wants [6] - 492
20