BMKG

Wayang Kulit - Indonesia

OUT LINE

1. Introduction2. The supporting Stations at BMKG3. Block Diagram of ARG-BMKG4. Data Logger Design5. Power Supply Design6. Application Program Design7. Communication Data8. GPRS wireless communication system9. Laboratory Test10. Field Test11. Conclusions

BMKG

Toraja-Indonesia

IntroductionINDONESIA•Archipelago of 17,508 islands•Area is 1.919.440 km2 (30% of lands and 70% of the seas) •Seasons : Dry and Rainy •Indonesia’s Population:241,973,879 (2010 est.)•Population growth rate: 1.45% (2010 est.)

Badan Meteorogi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG)•Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency•BMKG have 5 National Regions Centre, with 119 Meteorological stations, 21 Climatological stations, 31 Geophysical stations and 1 Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)

The supporting Stations:202 Automatic Weather Station (AWS), 79 Automatic Agroclimate Weather Station (AAWS), 104 Automatic Rain Gauge Stations (ARG), and more than 4.000 conventional rain stations.

The conventional rain stations was observed by observer who have not special education in meteorology or climatology.

That’s way we still need a lot of Automatic Rain Gauge (ARG) to cover all of Indonesian's area and

obtaining high quality data.

BMKGThe supporting Stations at BMKG

Block Diagram of ARG - BMKG

Data Logger DesignBMKG

The ARG–BMKG’s data logger has made in a simple and compact design. It is easy to operate and to process the mounting.

The physical ARG–BMKG’s data logger is formed aluminium profile based with dimensions 14cm x 16cm x 5cm. In front of section of data logger are placed one LCD display with 16 characters - 2 lines, one matrix keypad 4 x 4 and two LED indicators. At the bottom of data logger are placed a ports for connectors, including: one connector to rain sensor, one connector to the battery and two DB9 connectors to transferring data with GSM modem and computer/notebook.

Power Supply Design

The Power Supply system design uses a solarcell 16-20 WP and one Lithium ion dry battery 12 V with 17-18 AH capacity for back up.

Application Program Design

This program serves to display a real time data measurement and process download rainfall data from SD Card in a data logger.

The ARG-BMKG’s application programs made by Labview software version 2011. The file Format is already formed the executable file (.exe). This installation process is easy and does not require additional programs.

Communication Data

PCMonitor

Notebook

GSM/GPRSModem

ARG

SMS/misscall

HandPhone

Web Server

GPRS

PC Server

Internet

Mirror (Backup Data)

Web Design

Web base Monitoring

RS 232

USB

RS 485

GPRS is a simple system and have a strong support from the cellular provider in Indonesia where the ARG-BMKG are placed.

GPRS Modem use product of sierra wireless, Fastrack Xtend series. This GPRS Modem can be programmed to facilitate the setting up and operation.

GPRS wireless communication system

Laboratory TestThe measurement is done using a rain gauge from environdata production with a resolution of 0.2 mm. Tests carried out in Calibration Laboratory of BMKG, calibrators using from Hanil.Lab, South Korea.

Based on the testing result, it is known that the ARG–BMKG’s data acquisition for a rain gauge type tipping bucket can work well. With the variation rain intensity 40 mm/hours (light rain/drizzel) to 250 mm/hours (heavy rain/showers), without any error counting or double signal (cloning signal)

BMKG

The field test was performed on climatological station at Semarang, iCentral of Java. The field’s testing is done by comparing data from 3 rain gauges, installed on the same location and the same time. As comparison’s data, we used data from the ARG-BMKG, AWS-Vaisala and observatory rain gauge (conventional).

Other locations:1.Meteorological, Climatological dan Geophysical Academy (AMG)2.Citeko Meteorological Station.

The data acquisition of these trials are in the graph.

Field Test

Conclusions

1. BMKG’s technicians have successful developed an automatic rainfall observation system-based on microcontroller ATMega 128, GPRS and web server systems.

2. This instrument names ARG-BMKG (Automatic Rain Gauge - Meteorogical, Climatological and Geophysical Agency).

3. The ARG-BMKG have been tested through laboratory test and field test with the result was satisfactory.

4. Hopefully, this engineering program can improve knowledge, skill and trouble shooting every BMKG’s technician, so they can support BMKG’s weather instruments maintenance systems in Indonesia.

5. Next, we will develop the rain observation network to obtain the high quality data.

Ibnu Sofwan Lukito, Sunarjo and Juana Rimba

Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan GeofisikaJl. Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat [10720]Jakarta IndonesiaPhone: +62.21.4246321Fax: +62.21.4246703Website: http://www.bmkg.go.id