Bluetooth: Technology and Market Perspectives Stefano Galli Stefano Galli, Ph.D. Research Scientist Telcordia Technologies, Inc. Room: MCC-1J124B 445 South

Bluetooth:Bluetooth:

Technology and Market Perspectives Technology and Market Perspectives

Stefano GalliStefano Galli

Stefano Galli, Ph.D.Research ScientistTelcordia Technologies, Inc.Room: MCC-1J124B445 South StreetMorristown, NJ 07960-6438Tel. : (973) 829-4980Fax : (973) 829-5886Email: [email protected]

Copyright © 2001 Telcordia Technologies. All Rights Reserved

WOCC’01, Newark, New Jersey, April 20, 2001.WOCC’01, Newark, New Jersey, April 20, 2001.

Telcordia Technologies Proprietary - Copyright 2001.

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Summary of presentation

1) Bluetooth: what it is, what does it offer

2) Bluetooth in the world

3) Marketing perspectives

4) Telcordia’s Applied Research analysis

5) Conclusions


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What is Bluetooth ?What is Bluetooth ?

A A de factode facto standard developed by a wide industry consortium for a low-cost, standard developed by a wide industry consortium for a low-cost,

short-range radio link in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) between mobile PCs, mobile short-range radio link in the ISM band (2.4 GHz) between mobile PCs, mobile

phones and other portable devices.phones and other portable devices.

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group was founded in March 1998 and is led by

EricssonEricsson, IntelIntel, IBMIBM, ToshibaToshiba and NokiaNokia.

In December 1999, LucentLucent, 3Com3Com, MicrosoftMicrosoft, and MotorolaMotorola have joined.

Currently, there are over 2,000 members in the Bluetooth consortium.

Bluetooth: what is it, what does it offer


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Bluetooth is essentially designed as Bluetooth is essentially designed as

• A cheap and fast cable replacement wireless solution;

• A three-in-one phone: cordless phone at home, mobile-phone, walkie-talkie;

• The ultimate headset: allows to connect to a mobile phone or a laptop.

Bluetooth’s major design limitationsBluetooth’s major design limitations

• Range: up to 30 feet; more recently, up to 150 feet

• Data rate: up to 700 kb/s (nominally, 1 Mb/s)

• Mobility: no handoff capability

Bluetooth: what is it, what does it offer


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Headset to phoneconnection

Access to phonebook from PDA

Synchronisation ofHPC to desktop PC

Updating navigationequipment from computerroute plan

Internet browsingwith no physical connectionfrom HPC

New possible applications are found every day!!

Bluetooth in the world


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EUROPEEUROPE

Swedish railways (8/2000): customers can book, pay train tickets and connect

to other networks. This is the first Bluetooth public consumer trial.

USAUSA

Axis Communications (5/2000): developing (and demonstrating) a wireless

solution that allows Bluetooth devices to gain access to a wide variety of

services. Bluetooth “hot spots” will be created in offices, homes, hotels,

retail establishments and public places (airports, stations, theaters).

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

BlueLinx (4/2000): patenting a system that uses Bluetooth to create “Quiet

Zones” in restaurants and other public places.

Bluetooth in the world


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EricssonEricsson

• Handsfree accessories: headsets, phone adapters.

• First mobile phones with Bluetooth and WAP capability.

Silicon Wave, GigaAntSilicon Wave, GigaAnt

• Components (radio modems, antennas, controllers).

DigianswerDigianswer

• Protocol analyzers, RS232 adapters, development kits, emulation boards.

Nokia, Motorola, Toshiba, IBMNokia, Motorola, Toshiba, IBM

• PC adapters and enabled laptops.

Products in the market


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Bluetooth marketing strategy:Bluetooth marketing strategy:

Target the mobile phone as a means for the mass-market Target the mobile phone as a means for the mass-market

penetration of all Bluetooth enabled devices.penetration of all Bluetooth enabled devices.

A Bluetooth enabled phone will become a sophisticated service A Bluetooth enabled phone will become a sophisticated service

enabler and will be able to offer many services.enabler and will be able to offer many services.

The mobile phone will soon become the focal point of the The mobile phone will soon become the focal point of the

convergence of computing devices.convergence of computing devices.

Marketing perspectives


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Perfect strategy for Europe where:Perfect strategy for Europe where:

• Mobile phones have been one of the most successful products.

• There is only one standard (and it’s also a good one!!): GSM.

• Mobile phones have become “socially vital” devices.

But what about the US?But what about the US?



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The situation in the US is different:The situation in the US is different:

• Social importance of mobile phones is more limited than in Europe.

• Too many standards.

• Limited coverage.

• Questionable roaming policy and interoperability between providers.

However, if Bluetooth is successful in EuropeHowever, if Bluetooth is successful in Europe

it might get here with 3G phonesit might get here with 3G phones



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So many scenarios….... how much “So many scenarios….... how much “hype” hype” is there in Bluetooth ?is there in Bluetooth ?

• Is the initial design suitable for all these scenarios?

• How is its performance?

• Is it a competitor of HomeRF, IEEE 802.11 or Ricochet?

• Is it harmful to other solutions in the same 2.4 GHz band?

Bluetooth issues


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Bluetooth is intended to create PANs not LANs or WANsBluetooth is intended to create PANs not LANs or WANs

and, therefore, there are no true competitors!!and, therefore, there are no true competitors!!

Home networking or W-LAN applicationHome networking or W-LAN application

• Inefficient IP networking;

• Limited range (performance degradation for long range);

• Up to eight devices per PAN;

• Very flexible and, therefore, not optimized for these applications

HomeRF and 802.11 still have a clear advantage over Bluetooth!HomeRF and 802.11 still have a clear advantage over Bluetooth!


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The worst enemy of Bluetooth is ….. The worst enemy of Bluetooth is ….. BluetoothBluetooth!!!!

• Achieve completecomplete interoperability between different devices from different producers;

• To avoid interoperability chaos protocol profilesprofiles have been defined (collections of messages, procedures, features and parameter settings that must be used in order to provide specific services);

To avoid interoperability chaos, there To avoid interoperability chaos, there should beshould be an efficient BT an efficient BT

compliance program, but compliance program, but there is notthere is not!!!!


WOCC 2001WOCC 2001Telcordia’s Applied Research Analysis

Telcordia’s AR analysis:Telcordia’s AR analysis:

• Point-to-point link performance

• Coverage and capacity

• Networking issues

• Coexistence with other solutions

Published results: Published results: S. Galli, D. Wong, M. Barton, J. Koshy, “Bluetooth Technology: Link Performance S. Galli, D. Wong, M. Barton, J. Koshy, “Bluetooth Technology: Link Performance Evaluation and Networking Issues for Long-Range Applications”, Evaluation and Networking Issues for Long-Range Applications”, European WirelessEuropean Wireless Conference Conference, Dresden, Germany, Sep.12-14, 2000., Dresden, Germany, Sep.12-14, 2000.

S. Galli, “HomeRF and Bluetooth: Assessment of the Point-to-Point Link Performance”,S. Galli, “HomeRF and Bluetooth: Assessment of the Point-to-Point Link Performance”, IEEE Broadband Wireless SummitIEEE Broadband Wireless Summit, IBWS 2001, Las Vegas, USA, May 9-10, 2001., IBWS 2001, Las Vegas, USA, May 9-10, 2001.


WOCC 2001WOCC 2001Telcordia’s Applied Research Analysis

Point-to-point linkPoint-to-point link

• Bluetooth is robust for short range: low packet-error rate below 10-3.

• Performance degradation for longer range: error correcting codes do not offset multipath effects (packet-error rate around 10-2).

Coverage and capacity (low power case)Coverage and capacity (low power case)

• Up to 7 collocated piconets can coexist and operate at full performance.

• For equally spaced piconets, up to 20 piconets can be supported in a 4,000 square feet area (conference hall).

Networking issuesNetworking issues

• Inefficiency in IP networking (added overhead lower throughput).

• Problems in LAN emulation..


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CoexistenceCoexistence

• Both HomeRF and 802.11 can heavily degrade Bluetooth’s performances;

• Bluetooth should not be harmful to HomeRF or 802.11.

Important research topicsImportant research topics

• In general, coexistence with other devices operating in the 2.4 GHz band such as HomeRF, 802.11.

• In particular, coexistence of Bluetooth and 802.11 (the most likely scenario).

• Mobility issues.

• Integration with 3G phones.

Telcordia’s Applied Research Analysis


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• The physical layer looks well designed and robust.

• Main problems: long range performance degradation, coexistence and IP inefficiency.

• It is not a competitor of HomeRF or 802.11.

• It is GSM-centric, but it is not a European technology.

• The hype consisted in advertising Bluetooth as a “universal” solution …., but it is definitely not.

Conclusions


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Telecoms, computing and consumer electronics will mergeTelecoms, computing and consumer electronics will merge

Bluetooth may be the application that will accelerate this trendBluetooth may be the application that will accelerate this trend

Conclusions


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Technical Overview Technical Overview


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• It operates in 2.4 GHz band;

• Nominal transmitted power is 1, 2.5 or 100 mW (range: 30 to 150 feet);

• Gross rate of 1 Mb/s (Binary GFSK modulation);

• Frequency hopping: 1,600 hops per second;

• Error correcting codes;

• Time Division Duplexing.

625 s

Hop

Hop

Hop

Hop

Hop

Uplink

Downlink

Technical overview: Physical Layer


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Baseband and Link Control Layer

LMPL2CAP

RFCOMM

SDP TCS BINAT

Commands OBEX PPP(audio)

IP

UDP TCP

vCard /vCal

WAP

WAE


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PiconetPiconet

• When two Bluetooth devices come within range of each other and set up a connection a piconetpiconet is formed.

• Up to 8 units can form a piconet.

• In a piconet there is only one mastermaster and the other devices act as slavesslaves.

• Any device can act either as a master or a slave (no HW or SW difference).

Technical overview: Networking


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ScatternetScatternet

• Several piconets that coexist in the same area, form a scatternetscatternet.

• Each piconet within a scatternet uses different hop sequences

• A slave in a piconet can become a master in another piconet.

Technical overview: Networking


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FEP for BPSK over Rayleigh fading channel FEP for BPSK over Rayleigh fading channel (packet=240 bits, uncoded).(packet=240 bits, uncoded).



FEP for BPSK over Rayleigh fading channelFEP for BPSK over Rayleigh fading channel(packet=2744 bits, uncoded).(packet=2744 bits, uncoded).



FEP for BPSK over Rayleigh fading channel FEP for BPSK over Rayleigh fading channel (packet=240 bits, repetition code).(packet=240 bits, repetition code).



FEP for BPSK over Rayleigh fading channel FEP for BPSK over Rayleigh fading channel (packet=2745 bits, Hamming code).(packet=2745 bits, Hamming code).

Documents

Bluetooth: Technology and Market Perspectives Stefano Galli Stefano Galli, Ph.D. Research Scientist Telcordia Technologies, Inc. Room: MCC-1J124B 445 South