Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers - IPageenviosmaucom.ipage.com/trujillo2001/DIYH/Blueprint...2 Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers 1.3 COMMON PLUMBING ABBREVIATIONS

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1

1

Blueprint Symbolsand Abbreviations

CHAPTER

1.1 INTRODUCTIONBlueprint symbols and abbreviations are an essential aspect of designing and reading blueprints. Reference toindustry standard information allows an individual to be productive on a job site and eventually become flu-ent in interpreting most situations arising on a project. Use the information in this chapter to learn commonabbreviations and symbols used throughout this book and in the plumbing industry.

1.2 DESIGN INTENTDesign intent is the expected and often the only possible outcome of a complete project or piping system. Anarchitect or engineer establishes a design based on various factors, such as adherence to codes, customerexpectations and desires, and intended layout of a building. Locations of plumbing fixtures, sizes of piping,and the type of fixtures or products are examples of design intent that are communicated with blueprints. Anarchitect or engineer designing a building or piping system is communicating design intent with a blueprint.Design intent can vary with each specific project or installation. The actual piping locations within walls andceilings typically require coordination on a job site and design intent is used to locate points of reference anddesired termination locations. Abbreviations and symbols are used to communicate designs without addingtoo much information that would clutter the blueprint. Illustrating plumbing fixtures located within a bath-room is an example of expressing design intent with abbreviations and symbols. If conflicts occur whileattempting to satisfy the intended design, written permission must be submitted to architect to change theinitial intent. In some instances, a bathroom fixture, such as a toilet location may not be capable of beinginstalled where intended due to conflicts with structural beams or joists. In this case, the plumber would com-municate with the architect to relocate the fixture. This may change the physical location of the fixture, butdoes not change the design intent of having the fixture within the bathroom.

OBJECTIVESUpon successful completion of this chapter, a student should recognize the following:

■ Common plumbing blueprint symbols andabbreviations

■ Basic electrical and HVAC blueprint symbolsand abbreviations

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2 ■ Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers

1.3 COMMON PLUMBING ABBREVIATIONSNot all abbreviations are industry standard and use of abbreviations must include a legend. A legend is a list-ing of abbreviations that indicate design intent. An architect creates a legend reflecting abbreviations used forthe specific project. Table 1.1 includes some abbreviations that may be used in the plumbing trade. All abbre-viations listed are capitalized, but some are actually written in a legend with lowercase letters. Some abbrevi-ations listed in Table 1.1 are more relevant for ordering material than expressing a design. Additional abbre-viations are included in Table A.6 in Appendix A. Some abbreviations have multiple meanings, while othersare similar, but very different. An example of similar abbreviations having different meanings is C-C indicatescenter-to-center of two fittings and C � C represents copper-by-copper when ordering material.

Table 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations

Abbreviation Stands For

ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act

AFF Above Finished Floor

AG Aboveground

BD Building Drain

BFP Backflow Preventer

BM Bench Mark

BS Building Sewer

BT Bathtub

BTU British Thermal Unit

BV Ball Valve or Butterfly Valve or Branch Vent

C to C or C-C or CC Center-to-Center

C � C Copper-by-Copper

C � C � C Copper-by-Copper-by-Copper

C to F Center-to-Face

C � F Copper-by-Female

C � M Copper-by-Male

CF or CU FT or FT3 Cubic Foot/Feet

CI or C. I. Cast iron

CI or CU IN or IN3 Cubic Inch

CMU Concrete Masonry Unit

CO Cleanout

CP Chrome Plated or Control Point

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CHAPTER 1 Blueprint Symbols and Abbreviations ■ 3

Table 1.1 Common Plumbing Abbreviations (continued)


CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

CV Circuit Vent

CW Cold Water

CY or CU YD or YD3 Cubic Yard

D Diameter

DEG or ° Degree

DF Drinking Fountain

DFU Drainage Fixture Unit

DH Double Hub

DR Drain or Drainage

DW Dishwasher

DWG Drawing

DWV Drainage Waste and Vent

E to C or E-C or EC End-to-Center

E to E or E-E End-to-End

ECO End Cleanout

EWC Electric Water Cooler

EWH Electric Water Heater

F to F or F-F Face-to-Face

F Fahrenheit

FB Fixture Branch

FCO Floor Cleanout

FD Floor Drain and Fixture Drain

FF Finished Floor

FIG Figure

FIP Female Iron Pipe

FLG Flange

FLGD Flanged

FLR Floor

FPS or F/S Feet Per Second

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FS Floor Sink

FT Foot or Feet

FTG Footing and Fitting

FU Fixture Unit

G Gas

GAL Gallon

GALV Galvanized

GI Galvanized Iron

GND Ground

GPF Gallons Per Flush

GPH Gallons Per Hour

GPM Gallons Per Minute

GPS Gallons Per Second

HB Hose Bib (Bibb) or Horizontal Branch

HD Heavy Duty or Hub Drain

HTR Heater

HW Hot Water

HWH Hot Water Heater

HWR Hot Water Return

ID Inside Diameter

IE Invert Elevation

IN Inch

INV Invert

IPC International Plumbing Code

IPS Iron Pipe Size

IW Indirect Waste

JS Janitor Sink

KO Knock Out

KS Kitchen Sink

L or LGTH Length

LAV Lavatory

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LB Pound

LH Left Hand

LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas

LPS or L/S Liters Per Second

LV Loop Vent and Low Voltage

MAINT Maintenance

MATL Material

MAX Maximum

MECH Mechanical

MH Manhole

MIN Minimum

MISC Miscellaneous

MS Mop Sink

N North

NH No Hub

NPS National Pipe Size

NPT National Pipe Thread

NTS Not To Scale

OD Outside Diameter

OS&Y Outside Screw and Yoke

PE Plain End or Polyethylene

PEX Cross Linked Polyethylene

PLG Plumbing

PLMG Plumbing

POC Point Of Connection

PRV Pressure Reducing Valve

PSI Pounds Per Square Inch

PVB Pressure Vacuum Breaker

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

QTY Quantity

R Radius

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RED Reducing or Reducer

RH Right Hand

RI Rough-In

RPZ Reduced Pressure Zone Valve

S Sink or Sewer

SA Shock Absorber

SAN Sanitary

SCH Schedule

SF or FT2 or SQ FT Square Foot or Square Feet

SH Single Hub

SHR Shower

SHWR Shower

SK Sketch or Sink

SPEC Specifications

SS Stainless Steel or Sanitary Sewer or Soil Stack or Service Sink

SV Stack Vent or Safety Valve or Service Weight Pipe

SVCI Service Weight Cast Iron

T&P Temperature and Pressure

TBM Temporary Bench Mark

TEMP Temperature

TLT Toilet (see WC)

TP Trap Primer or Tie-in Point

TYP Typical

UG Underground

UNO Unless Noted Otherwise

UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

UR Urinal

VB Vacuum Breaker

VERT Vertical

VIF Verify In Field

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VS Vent Stack

VTR Vent Through Roof

WC Water Closet (see TLT)

WCO Wall Cleanout

WH Wall Hydrant or Water Heater

WM Washing Machine or Water Meter

WS Waste Stack

WSFU Water Supply Fixture Unit

YD Yard

Add Your Abbreviations

Table 1.2 is for you to include specific abbreviations not included in Table 1.1 that are discussed in a class-room or used on a job site. Using Table 1.2 is creating a specific legend similar to an architect creating a list-ing for a project. Additional abbreviations are included in Table A.6 in Appendix A.

Table 1.2 Add Your Plumbing Abbreviations


1.4 COMMON PLUMBING SYMBOLSSymbols are used throughout the construction industry to illustrate typical devices, equipment, fixtures, pip-ing systems, and other specific items. Many projects require engineers and architects to create non-typicalsymbols relating to job conditions, similar to those depicted in Figures 1.1A and 1.1B. Common symbolknowledge is essential in reading blueprints, regardless of the type of construction. All the piping-related sym-bols in Figures 1.1A and 1.1B are generic and do not represent a specific pipe connection or material type.

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6

P3

6

P3

TOP HALF OF CIRCLE INDICATES SECTION (SIDE) VIEW DETAIL NUMBER

BOTTOM HALF OF CIRCLE INDICATES BLUEPRINT PAGE THAT THE SECTION (SIDE) VIEW DETAIL CAN BE REVIEWED

DETAIL SYMBOL

DETAIL 6, DRAWING P3

SECTION SYMBOL

SCOPE OF SECTION (SIDE) VIEW

ARROW INDICATES DIRECTION OF VIEW

TAIL INDICATES TOTAL SCOPE OF THE VIEW

ALL PIPING RELATED SYMBOLS ARE GENERIC AND DO NOT REPRESENT A CONNECTION OR MATERIAL TYPE. MANY PLAN VIEWS ARE ALSO USED ON SECTION AND SIDE VIEW DRAWINGS

CHECK VALVE (ARROW INDICATES FLOW DIRECTION)

GATE VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL)

GLOBE VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL)

BALL VALVE (HANDLE ILLUSTRATED IS OPTIONAL)

TEE UP (PLAN VIEW)

TEE DOWN (PLAN VIEW)

90 DEGREE FITTING UP (PLAN VIEW)

90 DEGREE FITTING DOWN (PLAN VIEW)

45 DEGREE OFFSET (PLAN VIEW)

P-TRAP (PLAN VIEW)

FIGURE 1.1A ■ Common plumbing symbols.

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COLD WATER (SINGLE DOT)

HOT WATER (DOUBLE DOT)

HOT WATER RETURN (TRIPLE DOT)

VENT (CONTINUOUS DOTTED LINE)

TANK TYPE TOILET (WATER CLOSET)

BATHTUB

LAVATORY

KITCHEN SINK

SHOWER

URINAL

HOSE FAUCET

CAP

REDUCER

FIGURE 1.1B ■ Common plumbing symbols.

You will learn later is this book in depth about three views that piping is illustrated on a blueprint. Plan, side,and isometric views are the three views used to communicate design intent of a piping system. A plan viewis a view from the top of a piping system, a side view, which is also called a section view, is viewing a portionof a system or building from the side, and an isometric view is a three-dimensional view. Plan view symbolsin Figure 1.1A of fittings, such as tee up, are also used in the same manner when illustrating a tee toward youwhen illustrating a side view. Notice next to relevant symbols in Figure 1.1A “Plan View” is written in paren-thesis. This is for lesson purpose only and would not be included in a design.

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Add Your Own Symbols Below

Use Table 1.3 to add your own symbols as needed for further classroom study or job site use.

Table 1.3 Add Your Plumbing Symbols

Symbol Stands For

1.5 COMMON ELECTRICAL SYMBOLSAND ABBREVIATIONS

A plumber coordinates installations with other trades, and knowing basic electrical symbols and abbreviationsassist in communicating with electrical contractors. As with plumbing symbols and abbreviations, the elec-trical trade has industry standard and non-typical symbols and abbreviations. Some abbreviations are used forall aspects of the construction trade, such as AFF representing above finished floor. This abbreviation indi-cates the height above a floor of specific portions of a design, such as the height of electrical switches, plumb-ing fixtures, and ceilings.

Basic Electrical Symbols

A plumber must possess basic knowledge of other trade symbols to coordinate his or her work. Figures 1.2A,1.2B, and 1.2C exhibit some of the more common electrical symbols used in the construction trade. Aplumber would not have to know every electrical symbol, but would refer to the blueprint page (legend) indi-cating the meaning of a symbol.

Basic Electrical Abbreviations

Understanding electrical abbreviations is not crucial for installing plumbing systems, but is often importantwhen coordinating installation activities or designs. Basic knowledge and understanding abbreviations allowsan individual to discuss project requirements in a thorough and professional manner. Table 1.4 shows themore common electrical abbreviations used in project blueprints today.

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M

J

WP

R

S

S3

CONDUCTOR OR WIRE

CROSSING CONDUCTORS (NOT CONNECTED)

CROSSING CONDUCTORS (CONNECTED)

TERMINAL OR BINDING POST

SINGLE POLE SINGLE THROW (SPST) SWITCH

MOTOR

GROUND

CIRCUIT BREAKER

CEILING OUTLET

CEILING OUTLET, RECESSED FIXTURE

JUNCTION BOX

DUPLEX RECEPTACLE

WEATHERPROOF RECEPTACLE

RANGE RECEPTACLE

FLOOR RECEPTACLE

SINGLE POLE SWITCH

THREE-WAY SWITCH

FIGURE 1.2A ■ Common electrical symbols.

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or

S

+

-

L

T

P

COMBINATION SWITCH AND RECEPTACLE

DISTRIBUTION PANEL

SERVICE PANEL

SWITCH, DOUBLE THROW (GENERAL)

FUSE

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

LAMP

2 POLE DOUBLE THROW SWITCH(TERMINALS SHOWN)

SINGLE RECEPTACLE

FAN (MOTOR)

HOMERUN

EXIT SIGN

PULL CHAIN

THERMOSTAT

FIGURE 1.2B ■ Common electrical symbols.

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Table 1.4 Common Electrical Abbreviations

Abbreviation Stands For Abbreviation Stands For

AMP Amperage KW Kilowatt

D Dryer MV Millivolt

DW Dishwasher NEC National Electrical Code

EF Exhaust Fan R Range

FACP Fire Alarm Control Panel S Switch

G Ground V Voltage

GFI Ground Fault Interrupter W Washing Machine

KVA Kilovoltage Amperes WP Weatherproof

Add Your Own Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations

Use Table 1.5 to add your own symbols and abbreviations as needed. Through your classroom studies or jobsite experience you can use this listing for future reference.

Table 1.5 Add Your Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations

Symbols/Abbreviations Stands For

SYMBOLS FOR RECEPTACLES HAVING AN ATTACHED ABBREVIATION INDICATE DESIGNATION OF RECEPTACLE

AMPERAGE RATING MAY ALSO BE ATTACHED TO RECEPTACLE SYMBOLS.EXAMPLE: 20 = 20 AMPS AND WP = WEATHERPROOF

THIS SYMBOL INDICATES A 20 AMP WEATHERPROOF DUPLEX RECEPTACLE

20

WP

WP = WEATHERPROOF GF = GROUND FAULT REF = REFRIGERATORW = WASHING MACHINE R = RANGE D = DRYER

FIGURE 1.2C ■ Common electrical symbols.

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EF

SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSER

RETURN AIR DIFFUSER

FLEXIBLE DUCT

90° ELBOW WITH TURNING VALVES

SQUARE TO ROUND TRANSITION

EXHAUST FAN

PNEUMATIC THERMOSTAT

ELECTRICAL THERMOSTAT

HUMIDISTAT

4' × 2' TROFFER DIFFUSER

FIGURE 1.3A ■ Common HVAC symbols.

1.6 COMMON HVAC SYMBOLSAND ABBREVIATIONS

As with electrical symbols and abbreviations, a plumber does not have to know all details of an HVAC (heat-ing ventilation and air conditioning) system to install a plumbing system. For anyone responsible for coordi-nation or designing of a plumbing system, basic knowledge and understanding of HVAC symbols allows fora productive and professional approach to a project. A plumber is more likely to coordinate with the HVACtrade than the electrical trade on larger projects. Ducts and piping often compete for the same space in corri-dor ceilings and mechanical equipment rooms. A mechanical contracting company often installs plumbing,heating, and air conditioning systems. An employee for a company installing multiple systems may have toknow more symbols and abbreviations than a plumber installing only plumbing systems. Figures 1.3A and1.3B illustrate many common HVAC symbols.

HVAC Abbreviations

Table 1.6 list common abbreviations a plumber may encounter on a blueprint. Notice the abbreviationFD stands for fire damper, while that abbreviation stands for floor drain or fixture drain when relating itto plumbing.

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Table 1.6 Common HVAC Abbreviations


AC Air Conditioning

AHU Air Handling Unit

ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers

ASHVE American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers

BD Balancing Damper

BOD Bottom of Duct

BTU British Thermal Unit

CFM Cubic Feet Per Minute

EF Exhaust Fan

FAI Fresh Air Intake

BD

DD

MANUAL BALANCING DAMPER

SUPPLY BRANCH TAKE OFF WITH MANUAL BALANCING DAMPER

DUCT MOUNTED SMOKE DAMPER

BOTTOM FLAT TRANSITION

TOP FLAT TRANSITION

TWO-DIRECTIONAL SUPPLY DIFFUSER

FOUR-DIRECTIONAL SUPPLY DIFFUSER

FIGURE 1.3B ■ Common HVAC symbols.

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Table 1.6 Common HVAC Abbreviations (continued)


FCU Fan Coil Unit

FD Fire Damper

FOB Flat On Bottom

FOT Flat On Top

HTG Heating

HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

RA Return Air

RAG Return Air Grille

RTU Roof Top Unit

SA Supply Air

SAG Supply Air Grille

SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association

SD Split Damper

TOD Top of Duct

VAV Variable Air Volume

VD Volume Damper

Add Your Own HVAC Abbreviations and Symbols

Use the space in Table 1.7 to add your own symbols and abbreviations as needed. Add to this listing to havefor future reference on a job site.

Table 1.7 Add Your HVAC Abbreviations and Symbols

Symbols/Abbreviations Stands For

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SUMMARYUnderstanding common blueprint abbreviations and symbols is important for anyone trying to progress inblueprint reading and drafting. A blueprint is a visual representation of a project condensed onto paper.Abbreviations and symbols are necessary to maintain clear design intent without having too much informa-tion on a page or within a detail. The three views used to illustrate design intent of a piping system are plan,side (section), and isometric.

An individual must be able to recognize specific symbols and interpret project requirements to estimateand construct based on architectural or engineering designs. Abbreviations are used in every aspect of a designand a plumber must have a thorough knowledge of plumbing abbreviations and basic knowledge of othertrade abbreviations.

As your training progresses with this book, you can refer to the abbreviations and symbols in this chap-ter until they become recognizable. Additional abbreviations are in Appendix A of this book. More importantthan knowing them as you study is remembering them during employment. An employer expects an employeewith training to use learned skills to increase productivity.

ASSIGNMENT 1.1

Common Plumbing Abbreviations

Complete the blank areas of abbreviations or their meaning in Table 1.8.

Table 1.8 Common Plumbing Abbreviations A through D


ADA

Above Finished Floor

BTU

C-C

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride

Cleanout

CW

Drainage Fixture Unit

DF

Drainage Waste and Vent

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ASSIGNMENT 1.2



Table 1.9 Common Plumbing Abbreviations E through J


ECO

Electric Water Cooler

EWH

Floor Drain

HW

Inside Diameter

IE

Iron Pipe Size

JS

ASSIGNMENT 1.3



Table 1.10 Common Plumbing Abbreviations K through W


KS

Lavatory

LH

North

Outside Diameter

PRV

Pounds Per Square Inch

VIF

Vent Through Roof

WH

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ASSIGNMENT 1.4

Design Intent

1. Locations, sizes, and types of products are part of a design intent.

True _____ False _____

2. Design intent is illustrated on a blueprint. Actual routing or placement of piping must becoordinated on a job site.


3. The physical locations of fixtures are part of design intent.


4. The size of piping is not part of design intent.


5. Abbreviations and symbols are not used to show design intent.


ASSIGNMENT 1.5

Plumbing Symbols

1. On the line below each symbol, fill in the correct identification of each symbol in Figure 1.4 basedon a plan view.

SINGLE DOT DOUBLE DOT CONTINUOUS DOTS

FIGURE 1.4 ■ Plan view symbols.

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Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers - IPageenviosmaucom.ipage.com/trujillo2001/DIYH/Blueprint...2 Blueprint Reading and Drafting for Plumbers 1.3 COMMON PLUMBING ABBREVIATIONS