Bluebooking for Bluebooking for Id.Id.iots.iots.Orientation 2007-2008Orientation 2007-2008

1. STUDENT COMMENT ORGANIZATION

2. THE BLUEBOOK

3. RIPL STYLE GUIDE

4. GRAMMER [sic]

THE BLUEBOOKTHE BLUEBOOK

What Is The Blue Book?

ALWD for Law Reviews

What is the Difference Between The Blue Book and ALWD?

SMALL CAPS

THE BLUEBOOKTHE BLUEBOOKOrganizationOrganization

R10: CasesR11: ConstitutionR12: StatutesR13: Legislative MaterialsR14: Administrative and Executive MaterialsR15: Books, Reports, and Other Nonperiodic MaterialsR16: Periodical MaterialsR17: Unpublished and Forthcoming Sources (Speeches, Letters, etc.)R18: Electronic Media (Internet sources)R19: ServicesR20: Foreign Materials (Common law statutes)R21: International Materials

THE BLUEBOOKTHE BLUEBOOKOrganization (cont.)Organization (cont.)

“T” Sections at the end of The Blue Book

Abbreviations: Case Names, Countries, Dates, etc.

STUDENT COMMENTSTUDENT COMMENTOrganizationOrganization

1. IntroductionAttention Grabbing Quote Some Background to Paper Roadmap

2. BackgroundEverything Out There On Your Topic – Case Law, Journals, etc.

Teach Yourself the Law

3. AnalysisObjective Observations – e.g., Compare & Contrast

4. DiscussionThoughts, Formulations, Opinions, Logical Conclusions Based Off Analysis

5. ConclusionSummary

STUDENT COMMENTSTUDENT COMMENTOrganization (cont)Organization (cont)

1.Main Text

2.Endnotes (not footnotes)

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style Guide

1. Citations in Endnotes: All endnotes should begin with a citation!

BE CREATIVE!Use Your SIGNALS

E.g. Compare

Accord Contra

See But see

See also But cf.

Cf. See generally

BB. p.46-47

I. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

3. Multiple Pages, Footnotes, Endnotes, Sections & Paragraphs

USE an “en” dash

In WORD: Insert Symbols Special Characters Tab

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

Do NOT Apply to Rule 4.2

Rule 4.2 involves the usage of supra when you are trying to “short cite” law review articles, etc.

More on that Later

4. Internal Cross-References ---- Limited Usage (TEXT ONLY!)

What CAN You Do? See infra (supra) Part III.D.1

What CAN You Do? See supra text accompanying note 34

What CAN’T You Do See sources cited supra note 24.

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

6. INTERNET SOURCES

Use Only If Absolutely Necessary!

COMMON OCCURRENCE:

Magazine or Newspaper has an online source

CITE TO THE HARDCOPY VERSION

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

7. Short Cites

Cases

FULL: Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800 (Fed. Cir. 2007)

SHORT: Acumed, 483 F.3d at 808.

Statute Rule 12.9(c)

FULL: 35 U.S.C. § 271 (2006)

SHORT: 35 U.S.C. § 271 OR § 271

NOTE: Spell out word “section” in TEXT; May Use “§” In CITATION

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

7. Short Cites (Cont.)

Rule 4.2 Supra [Legislative hearings, books, pamphlets, reports, unpublished materials, nonprint sources, periodicals, services, treaties, international agreements, regulations, directives, decisions of intergovernmental organizations]

FULL (First Time Citing)

e.n. 1. Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964)

SHORT: (Subsequent Times Citing)

e.n. 14. Reich, supra note 1, at 738.

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

7. Short Cites (Cont.)

Rule 4.2 Hereinafter [Use when cumbersome to cite with the usual supra or when regular shortened form would confuse reader]

FULL (First Time Citing)

e.n. 21. Bronwyn H. Hall, Adam B. Jaffe & Manuel Trajtenberg, The NBER PatentCitations Date File: Lessons, Insights, and Methodological Tools, PATENTS, CITATIONS & INNOVATIONS, 403 (2002) [hereinafter The NBER Patent Citations Data File].

NOTE: Hereinafter good when using long internet cites!

SHORT: (Subsequent Times Citing)

e.n. 34. The NBER Patent Citations Data File, supra note 21, at 403.

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

7. Short Cites

RULE: Short cite a case if the case is (1) already cited in the same footnote or (2) cited (in either full or short form, including id.) in a manner such that it can be readily found in one of the preceding 5 footnotes.

1. Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800, 803 (Fed. Cir. 2007).2. Id.3. Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964).4. Id.5. Id.6. Id.7. Id. [Acumed, 483 F.3d at 804.]8. Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800, 804 (Fed. Cir. 2007).

NOTE: N/A when using supra and hereinafter.

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

7. Id. Rule 4.1RULE 1: Id. may be used in citation sentences and clauses FOR ANY

KIND OF AUTHORITY EXCEPT RULE 3.5 INTERNAL CROSS-REFERENCES

1. Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800, 803 (Fed. Cir. 2007).2. Id.3. Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964).4. Id.5. Acumed, 483 F.3d at 803.6. Reich, supra note 3, at 738.7. Id.8. 35 U.S.C. § 271 (2006).9. Id.10. Reich, supra note 3, at 737.11. 35 U.S.C. § 271 (or § 271).12.See supra text accompanying note 3.13.See supra text accompanying note 3.

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

7. Id. Rule 4.1RULE 2: In court documents and legal memoranda, use id. when citing

the immediately preceding authority, but only when the immediately preceding citation contains only one authority.

1. Acumed LLC v. Stryker Corp., 483 F.3d 800, 803 (Fed. Cir. 2007); see also Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737 (1964) (explaining what life is like in the nineteen-sixties).

2. Reich, supra note 1, at 738.3. Id.

NOTE: IGNORE this rule when other authorities are in explanatory parenthetical, explanatory phrase, or prior/subsequent history.

1. A v. B, 12 F.2d 484, 490 (2000) (quoting C v. D, 11 F.3d 112, 116 (1999)).

2. See id. at 495.

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideI. RIPL-Specific Citation Rules

7. Id.ing Statutes

1. 35 U.S.C. § 271(a) (2006).

2. Id.

3. Id. § 271(b).

In other words: NO “at”

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideIII. Common Blue Book Errors in RIPL

Articles and Comments

8. Block Quotes: > 50 Words

Rebuttable Presumption: DO NOT BLOCK QUOTE SUMMARIZE

What will Rebut?

Statutes, Famous Speech, Cardozo quote

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style Guide

Case Citation Case Citation Appears in:Appears in:

Full-cite Full-cite FormatFormat

Short-cite Short-cite Format:Format:

Main TextMain Text ItalicsItalics ItalicsItalics

Footnote Footnote citations & citations & ParentheticalsParentheticals

Plain textPlain text ItalicsItalics

Footnote textFootnote text ItalicsItalics ItalicsItalics

4. RIPL Typeface Conventions for Case Names4. RIPL Typeface Conventions for Case Names

III. Common Blue Book Errors in RIPL Articles and Comments

RIPL Style GuideRIPL Style GuideIII. Common Blue Book Errors in RIPL

Articles and Comments5. Italicizing Commas and Periods5. Italicizing Commas and Periods

RULE: Italicize the “period” after the Id. Id.

RULE: A comma contained within a signal is italicized, but a comma that follows a signal is NOT

See, e.g.,

GRAMMARGRAMMARWhat Comment Editors Look for When Grading Comments?

1. Faulty parallelism;2. Split infinitives;3. Comma misuse;4. Improper quotations;5. Improper use of possessives;6. Shifting verb tenses;7. Dangling modifiers;

8. Noun-verb agreement;

GRAMMARGRAMMAR

1. Faulty Parallelism

When two asymmetrical or dissimilar elements of a sentence are grouped together

BADShakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and the plays based on historical figures.

GOODShakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, romances, and history plays.

GRAMMARGRAMMAR

2. Split Infinitives

When the “to” and the “verb” have been “split” by an adverb

FAMOUS SPLIT INFINITIVE:To Boldly Go Where No Man Has Gone Before

Another Example:He needed to quickly go to the store.

Correction:He needed to go to the store quickly.

GRAMMARGRAMMAR

3. Comma Misuse SUBJECTIVE and OBJECTIVE

1. Comma before a conjunction when there is no second subject:The Federal Circuit held the patent invalid due to anticipating prior art, and also held the patent unenforceable due to inequitable conduct.

2. Comma before “if”The district court judge instructed the parties to set a pretrial conference date, if they could not reach a settlement agreement in one week.

3. Comma after “that”In order to be home for Thanksgiving, the law student purchased a plane ticket, that cost her twice as much as she expected.

GRAMMARGRAMMAR4. Improper Quotations – No explanation needed

5. Improper Use of Possessivesit’s not its, their not they’re or there, Defendants’

6. Shifting verb tenses- When she goes to law school, she brought her laptop.- MORE COMMON: Change of tense between

sentences in the same paragraph, or, the same paper.

GRAMMARGRAMMAR7. Dangling Modifiers

DEFINITION: A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept.

BAD: After finishing the brief, the drinks were distributed at the bar.

FIX: After finishing the brief, the attorney went to the bar.

8. Noun-Verb Agreement

A group of RIPL students is falling asleep to this presentation.

GRAMMARGRAMMARThat v. Which

Use “that” for Restrictive clauses

Use “which” for Nonrestrictive clauses

A restrictive clause is one that limits, or restricts, the scope of the noun it is referring to.

Example: The house that is painted pink has just been sold.The house, which is painted pink, has just been sold.

RULE: when using “that” do NOT use commas. When using “which,” you MUST use commas

GRAMMARGRAMMARWho v. Which v. That

Who refers to people. That and which refer to groups or things.

PJ is the one who . . .

Jake is on the team that . . .

GRAMMARGRAMMARPassive Voice: Use of “to be”

Avoid!

BAD: The holding of Macdonald is that an . . .

GOOD: The court in Macdonald held that . . .