Blue Ray Technology

8/7/2019 Blue Ray Technology

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TECHNICAL SEMINARTECHNICAL SEMINAR

ONONBLU RAY TECHNOLOGYBLU RAY TECHNOLOGY


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ContentsContents

What is Blu Ray Technology?What is Blu Ray Technology?

Background of BluBackground of Blu--ray Disc Technologyray Disc Technology

Blue laser precisionBlue laser precision

The BluThe Blu--ray Disc recording layerray Disc recording layer

Disc manufacturingDisc manufacturing

Drive compatibilityDrive compatibility

CD, DVD, BD : A ComparisonCD, DVD, BD : A Comparison HDHD DVDDVD

HDHD DVD vs BDDVD vs BD

Uses and NecessityUses and Necessity


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What is Blu Ray technology?What is Blu Ray technology?

Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD) is thename of a next-generation optical disc format.The format was developed to enable recording,rewriting and playback of high-definition

television (HDTV). Blu-ray makes it possible torecord over 2 hours of HDTV, or more than 13hours of SDTV on a 27GB disc. There are alsoplans for higher capacity discs that are expectedto hold up to 54GB of data.


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Background of BDBackground of BD The format was developed by theThe format was developed by the BluBlu--ray Disc Foundersray Disc Founders

(BDF), a group of eleven leading consumer electronics(BDF), a group of eleven leading consumer electronicscompanies:companies:Hitachi, Ltd.Hitachi, Ltd.LG Electronics Inc.LG Electronics Inc.Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Mitsubishi Electric CorporationMitsubishi Electric CorporationPioneer CorporationPioneer CorporationRoyal Philips ElectronicsRoyal Philips ElectronicsSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Sharp CorporationSharp Corporation

Sony CorporationSony CorporationTDK CorporationTDK CorporationThomson MultimediaThomson MultimediaIn January 2004, the world's two largest PCIn January 2004, the world's two largest PCmanufacturers, HP and Dell, were accepted into themanufacturers, HP and Dell, were accepted into thegroup to help further develop the format for PC datagroup to help further develop the format for PC data

storage.storage.


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Blue laser precisionBlue laser precision

InIn orderorder toto playplay backback fullfull-- lengthlength featurefeature movies,movies, DVDDVD--VideoVideo discsdiscs storestore

digitallydigitally encodedencoded videovideo andand audioaudio informationinformation inin thethe formform ofof pitspits thatthat areare

impressedimpressed intointo aa recordingrecording tracktrack thatthat spiralsspirals outout fromfrom thethe centercenter ofof thethe discdisc

toto itsits edgeedge.. TheThe differentdifferent reflectivityreflectivity ofof thethe pitspits enablesenables thethe laserlaser pickpick--upup toto

readread informationinformation fromfrom thethe discdisc..

A fundamental law of physics states that the diameter of the laser spot isA fundamental law of physics states that the diameter of the laser spot is

directly proportional to the wavelength of the laser light and inverselydirectly proportional to the wavelength of the laser light and inversely

proportional to the numerical aperture of the objective lens (a figure thatproportional to the numerical aperture of the objective lens (a figure that

depends on the diameter of the lens, its radius of curvature and the materialdepends on the diameter of the lens, its radius of curvature and the material

from which it is made). To reduce the size of the laser spot you canfrom which it is made). To reduce the size of the laser spot you can

therefore use a shorter wavelength laser or increase the numerical aperturetherefore use a shorter wavelength laser or increase the numerical aperture

of the lens. Better still, you can do both, which is the approach adopted inof the lens. Better still, you can do both, which is the approach adopted inthe Bluthe Blu--ray Disc specification. It results in the ultimate optical disc format,ray Disc specification. It results in the ultimate optical disc format,

with the lowest achievable wavelength and the highest NA that iswith the lowest achievable wavelength and the highest NA that is

achievable under industrial conditions.achievable under industrial conditions.


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BluBlu--ray Disc drives use a 405 nm blue laser and a lens with a numericalray Disc drives use a 405 nm blue laser and a lens with a numerical

aperture of 0.85, instead of the 650 nm red laser and 0.60 numericalaperture of 0.85, instead of the 650 nm red laser and 0.60 numerical

aperture lens used in current DVD drives.aperture lens used in current DVD drives.


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BluBlu--ray Disc recording layerray Disc recording layer

The recording layer in a BluThe recording layer in a Blu--ray Disc sits on the surfaceray Disc sits on the surfaceof a 1.1of a 1.1--mm thick plastic substrate, protected by a 0.1mm thick plastic substrate, protected by a 0.1--mm thick cover layer. With the substrate material nomm thick cover layer. With the substrate material nolonger in the optical pathway, birefringence problems arelonger in the optical pathway, birefringence problems are

eliminated. In addition, the closer proximity of theeliminated. In addition, the closer proximity of therecording layer to the drives objective lens reduces discrecording layer to the drives objective lens reduces disctilt sensitivity. This only leaves the problem of surfacetilt sensitivity. This only leaves the problem of surfacescratching and fingerprints, which can be prevented byscratching and fingerprints, which can be prevented byapplying a specifically developed, innovative hardapplying a specifically developed, innovative hard--coatcoaton top of the cover layer. This protective coat is hardon top of the cover layer. This protective coat is hard

enough to prevent accidental abrasions and also allowsenough to prevent accidental abrasions and also allowsfingerprints to be removed by wiping the disc with afingerprints to be removed by wiping the disc with atissue. Both the cover layer and hard coat can be appliedtissue. Both the cover layer and hard coat can be appliedby lowby low--cost manufacturing techniques such as spincost manufacturing techniques such as spin--coating.coating.


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Disc manufacturingDisc manufacturing

Despite the fact that BluDespite the fact that Blu--ray Discs require the application of a cover layerray Discs require the application of a cover layerand an optional hard coat, this should have little overall impact on discand an optional hard coat, this should have little overall impact on discmanufacturing costs.manufacturing costs.

DVD production.currently requires the injection molding of two 0.6DVD production.currently requires the injection molding of two 0.6--mm discsmm discs(one of which must meet stringent birefringence limits), the application of a(one of which must meet stringent birefringence limits), the application of arecording layer to one of the discs, and a gluing operation to bond the tworecording layer to one of the discs, and a gluing operation to bond the two

discs together.discs together. BluBlu--ray Discs only require the injection molding of a single 1.1ray Discs only require the injection molding of a single 1.1-- mmmm

substrate with nonsubstrate with non--critical optical characteristics, which reduces injectioncritical optical characteristics, which reduces injectionmolding costs. This cost saving offsets the additional cost of applying themolding costs. This cost saving offsets the additional cost of applying thecover layer and hard coat, while the techniques used for applying thecover layer and hard coat, while the techniques used for applying therecording layer remain the same.recording layer remain the same.

As a result, the overall cost of manufacturing a BluAs a result, the overall cost of manufacturing a Blu--ray Disc will be no moreray Disc will be no more

expensive than producing a DVD, while some equipment such as injectionexpensive than producing a DVD, while some equipment such as injectionmolding machines can actually be used more efficiently. Because of themolding machines can actually be used more efficiently. Because of thethinness of the cover layer, surfacethinness of the cover layer, surface-- flatness tolerances become far lessflatness tolerances become far lessstringent, while relative coverstringent, while relative cover--thickness tolerances remain almost the samethickness tolerances remain almost the sameas for current DVD production.as for current DVD production.


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Drive compatibilityDrive compatibility

Although no blueAlthough no blue-- laser disc will be readable using a redlaser disc will be readable using a red--laser, combinedlaser, combinedblue/red drives will be perfectly feasible. Servoblue/red drives will be perfectly feasible. Servo-- mechanisms that aremechanisms that arecapable of meeting Blucapable of meeting Blu--ray Discs track positioning will be more thanray Discs track positioning will be more thancapable of meeting DVD requirements, while it should also be possible forcapable of meeting DVD requirements, while it should also be possible forboth the blue and red laser to share a major part of the optical pathway. Theboth the blue and red laser to share a major part of the optical pathway. Therelatively long development time for new drives means that driverelatively long development time for new drives means that drive

manufacturers must stay well ahead of developments in optical storage somanufacturers must stay well ahead of developments in optical storage sothat they can get products to market quickly once a particular format gainsthat they can get products to market quickly once a particular format gainsmarket acceptance. With respect to Blumarket acceptance. With respect to Blu--ray Disc, several leading driveray Disc, several leading drivemanufacturers have already demonstrated drives for consumer productsmanufacturers have already demonstrated drives for consumer productssuch as video recorders that can read and write DVD and Blusuch as video recorders that can read and write DVD and Blu--ray Discs.ray Discs.

According to the BluAccording to the Blu--ray Disc v1.0 specification, 1x speed will require aray Disc v1.0 specification, 1x speed will require a

36Mbps data transfer rate, which means it will take about 1 hour and 4036Mbps data transfer rate, which means it will take about 1 hour and 40minutes to record 27GB. The Bluminutes to record 27GB. The Blu--ray Disc Founders are currently workingray Disc Founders are currently workingon the v2.0 specification, which will support 2x speed to cut the time it takeson the v2.0 specification, which will support 2x speed to cut the time it takesto copy content from one disc to another in half. In the future, the datato copy content from one disc to another in half. In the future, the datatransfer rate is expected to be raised to 8x or more.transfer rate is expected to be raised to 8x or more.


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CD, DVD, BD : A ComparisonCD, DVD, BD : A Comparison


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Parameters BD BD DVD DVD

Recordingcapacity

27GB 54GB 4.7GB 9.4GB

Number oflayers

single-layer dual-layer single-layer dual-layer

Laserwavelength

405nm 405nm 650nm 650nm

Numericalaperture (NA)

0.85 0.85 0.60 0.60

Protectionlayer

0.1mm 0.1mm 0.6mm 0.6mm

Data transferrate

36Mbps 36Mbps 11.08Mbps 11.08Mbps

Videocompression

MPEG-2 MPEG-2 MPEG-2 MPEG-2


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HDHD -- DVDDVD

AnAn alternativealternative versionversion hashas beenbeen developeddeveloped byby ToshibaToshiba andand NECNEC andand aaprovisionalprovisional specificationspecification approvedapproved byby thethe DVDDVD ForumForum.. TheThe originaloriginal namenamewaswas AODAOD (Advanced(Advanced OpticalOptical Disc)Disc)..

ThereThere areare threethree versionsversions inin developmentdevelopment..

HDHD DVDDVD--ROMROM discsdiscs areare prepre--recordedrecorded andand offeroffer aa capacitycapacity ofof 1515 GBGB perperlayerlayer perper sideside.. TheseThese cancan bebe usedused forfor distributingdistributing HDHD moviesmovies..

HDHD DVDDVD--RWRW discsdiscs areare rere--writablewritable andand cancan bebe usedused toto recordrecord 2020 GBGB perpersideside forfor rere--writablewritable versionsversions..

HDHD DVDDVD--RR discsdiscs areare writewrite--onceonce recordablerecordable discsdiscs withwith aa capacitycapacity ofof 1515GBGB perper sideside..

LikeLike BluBlu--rayray discsdiscs theythey needneed aa blueblue laserlaser ofof 405405 nmnm wavelength,wavelength, butbut arearephysicallyphysically similarsimilar toto DVDDVD discs,discs, asas theythey useuse aa covercover layerlayer ofof 00..66mmmm.. ThereforeTherefore HDHD DVDDVD discsdiscs cancan bebe manufacturedmanufactured usingusing existingexisting DVDDVDlines,lines, andand existingexisting UVUV masteringmastering equipmentequipment..


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HD DVDHD DVD vsvs BDBD

ItIt isis notnot yetyet clearclear whichwhich formatformat willwill winwin.. BluBlu--rayray currentlycurrently seemsseems toto havehave thethemostmost support,support, butbut HDHD DVDDVD presentspresents fewerfewer manufacturingmanufacturing problems,problems,particularlyparticularly forfor prepre--recordedrecorded versionsversions.. HDHD DVDDVD cancan bebe masteredmastered andandreplicatedreplicated withwith currentcurrent equipment,equipment, whilewhile BluBlu--rayray requiresrequires newnew equipmentequipmentandand processesprocesses forfor bothboth..


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Uses and NecessityUses and Necessity

AsAs HDTVHDTV becomesbecomes moremore widespread,widespread, thethe consumerconsumer demanddemand forforrecordingrecording HDTVHDTV programmingprogramming willwill riserise.. BluBlu--rayray waswas designeddesigned withwiththisthis applicationapplication inin mindmind andand enablesenables directdirect recordingrecording ofof thethe MPEGMPEG--22TSTS (Transport(Transport Stream)Stream) usedused byby digitaldigital broadcasts,broadcasts, whichwhich makesmakes itithighlyhighly compatiblecompatible withwith globalglobal standardsstandards forfor digitaldigital televisiontelevision.. ThisThismeansmeans thatthat HDTVHDTV broadcastsbroadcasts cancan bebe recordedrecorded directlydirectly toto thethe discdiscwithoutwithout anyany extraextra processingprocessing oror qualityquality lossloss.. ToTo handlehandle thethe increasedincreasedamountamount ofof datadata requiredrequired forfor HDTV,HDTV, BluBlu--rayray employsemploys aa 3636MbpsMbps datadatatransfertransfer rate,rate, whichwhich isis moremore thanthan enoughenough toto recordrecord andand playbackplaybackHDTVHDTV whilewhile maintainingmaintaining thethe originaloriginal picturepicture qualityquality.. InIn addition,addition, bybyfullyfully utilizingutilizing anan opticaloptical disc'sdisc's randomrandom accessingaccessing features,features, it'sit'spossiblepossible toto playbackplayback videovideo onon aa discdisc whilewhile simultaneouslysimultaneously recordingrecording

highhigh--definitiondefinition videovideo.. BluBlu--rayray isis expectedexpected toto replacereplace VCRsVCRs andand currentcurrent DVDDVD technologytechnology

withinwithin aa fewfew yearsyears.. TheThe formatformat isis alsoalso likelylikely toto becomebecome aa standardstandard forforPCPC datadata storagestorage andand highhigh--definitiondefinition moviesmovies inin thethe futurefuture..


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

PRESENTED BY:PRESENTED BY: RASHMI RANJAN PADHYRASHMI RANJAN PADHY

ADMISSION NO :ADMISSION NO : 17 I & E / 200017 I & E / 2000

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Blue Ray Technology