blue goose PASSPORT - United States Fish and Wildlife … goose PASSPORT THIRD EDITION | 2016 The first edition of the Blue Goose Passport was produced by Lee and Marvin Cook, operating

blue goosePASSPORT

THIRD EDITION | 2016

blue goosePASSPORT

THIRD EDITION | 2016

The first edition of the Blue Goose Passport was produced by Lee and Marvin Cook, operating as Wilderness Graphics, Inc.,

with assistance from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

ISBN 978-0-9671292-1-1

ContentsIntroduction ............................................................................................1

How To Use This Passport ...................................................................4

Get Involved ............................................................................................5

Refuges

Alabama................................................................................................................... 7Alaska .................................................................................................................... 11Arizona ................................................................................................................... 18Arkansas................................................................................................................ 22California ............................................................................................................... 27Colorado ................................................................................................................ 41Connecticut ........................................................................................................... 45Delaware ............................................................................................................... 45Florida .................................................................................................................... 46Georgia .................................................................................................................. 56Hawaii and Pacific Islands ................................................................................. 60Idaho ...................................................................................................................... 69Illinois ..................................................................................................................... 73Indiana ................................................................................................................... 78Iowa........................................................................................................................ 80Kansas ................................................................................................................... 84Kentucky ................................................................................................................ 86Louisiana ............................................................................................................... 87Maine ..................................................................................................................... 96Maryland ............................................................................................................. 100Massachusetts ................................................................................................... 102Michigan.............................................................................................................. 107

Minnesota ........................................................................................................... 112Mississippi .......................................................................................................... 121Missouri ............................................................................................................... 127Montana .............................................................................................................. 130Nebraska ............................................................................................................. 142Nevada................................................................................................................. 145New Hampshire.................................................................................................. 149New Jersey ......................................................................................................... 151New Mexico........................................................................................................ 153New York ............................................................................................................. 157North Carolina .................................................................................................... 162North Dakota....................................................................................................... 167Ohio ...................................................................................................................... 194Oklahoma............................................................................................................. 195Oregon ................................................................................................................. 199Pennsylvania....................................................................................................... 206Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands ........................................................................ 208Rhode Island ....................................................................................................... 211South Carolina .................................................................................................... 213South Dakota ...................................................................................................... 216Tennessee ........................................................................................................... 222Texas .................................................................................................................... 225Utah ...................................................................................................................... 233Vermont ............................................................................................................... 235Virginia ................................................................................................................. 237Washington ......................................................................................................... 242West Virginia....................................................................................................... 255Wisconsin............................................................................................................ 257Wyoming .............................................................................................................. 262Regional Offices ................................................................................................. 266NWR Map ............................................................................................................ 268

1

Introduction

When President Theodore Roosevelt established the first national wildlife refuge in 1903, he began a system that has become the nation’s premier network of public lands dedicated to the conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitat.

Managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service within the Department of the Interior, national wildlife refuges belong to the American people.

The mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System is to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management and, where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans.

With more than 560 units and 150 million acres, the System represents a diverse sampling of the country’s natural ecological communities.

Paul Krogel, the nation’s first National Wildlife Refuge manager.

2

More than 47 million people annually visit national wildlife refuges and participate in world-class recreation: birding and other wildlife-watching, fishing and hunting, photography, hiking, canoeing and kayaking, environmental education and more. National wildlife refuges generate millions of dollars in economic benefit, and protect the natural resources that are the foundation of America’s strength.

There is at least one wildlife refuge in each state and U.S. Territory. About 500 national wildlife refuges are open to the public; most charge no entry fee. More than 100 wildlife refuges are within an easy drive of cities. Each refuge was established for its importance to wildlife. Be sure to check with the refuge staff to learn about current regulations and which activities are permitted.

Many refuges are along the nation’s flyways and great places for new and veteran birders. These places provide critical habitat for waterfowl and songbirds to breed, rest, and feed along their seasonal migration routes.

3

Refuges also play a vital role in the survival of endangered plants and animals. In addition to maintaining the natural landscape for wildlife, refuges are restoring native habitats into productive places for wildlife and people.

At the same time, national wildlife refuges protect important pieces of the nation’s cultural history, including archaeological and historic sites. These range from the homes of North America’s earliest native peoples to historic places and structures.

You will see the Blue Goose icon on the boundary signs around

most refuges. Former Biological Survey Chief and Pulitzer Prize-winning political

cartoonist J.N. “Ding” Darling created what has become the beloved symbol of the Refuge System.

You can gain admittance to those refuges that charge entry fees by purchasing a Duck Stamp, which supports wetlands acquisition; a Golden Eagle Pass, which also admits you to National Parks; or by paying

the daily entrance fee at the refuge fee station.Visiting a hatchery is fun and educational; many have exhibits and aquariums.

4

How To Use the Blue Goose Passport

The Blue Goose Passport is designed to record your visits to national wildlife refuges. All refuges open to the public are in the Passport, as are National Fish Hatcheries. For the most up-to-date information, find national wildlife refuges online.

Some refuges are administered from offices in nearby towns and do not have an office or visitor facility at the refuge. Some refuges may not have a provision to stamp or cancel your passport. If you visit after hours or at unstaffed locations, simply record the date of your visit to keep a record of your travels.

National fish hatcheries are also managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Hatcheries are interesting places to visit. Many offer special exhibits and aquariums, where you can learn about endangered species and fisheries conservation. Recreational fishing opportunities are also available.

Refuges and hatcheries are listed alphabetically within their state. Refuges with offices or visitor facilities usually have a space to stamp your passport. For sites closed to the public, use the stamp area for your own notes.

5

Get Involved!

If you value your wildlife resources, you can get actively involved. Many refuges and hatcheries have volunteer programs. From hands-on work with biological projects to maintenance, field work and environmental education activities, volunteering is

worthwhile and appreciated.

You can also join cooperating associations and Friends groups to support refuges or fish hatcheries. Find a Friends organization online: fws.gov/refuges/friends/find.html

Information Online

National Wildlife Refuge Systemfws.gov/refuges

National Fish Hatcheriesfws.gov/fisheries

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Servicefws.gov

6

Refuges by State

Abbreviations

National Fish Hatcheries (NFH)—are leaders in sustaining fisheries and have a key role in restoration of fishery resources and preservation of endangered species.

Waterfowl Production Areas (WPA)—are composed of small natural wetlands and grasslands that provide breeding, resting and nesting habitat for millions of waterfowl, shorebirds, grassland birds and other wildlife. They offer recreational opportunities.

Wildlife Management Areas (WMA)—part of the Refuge System, are lands set aside for wildlife and offer varied recreation.

Wetland Management Districts (WMD)—manage one or more Waterfowl Production Areas and offer varied recreation.

7

ALABAMA

Bon Secour■■ Established 1980■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Species■■ Gulf Shores, Alabama

This coastal Alabama refuge provides stopover habitat for migratory birds and homes for endangered species such as the Alabama beach mouse.

Cahaba River■■ Established 2002■■ Endangered Species, Rare Habitats■■ West Blocton, Alabama

The refuge protects a unique and diverse 3-mile stretch of the beautiful Cahaba River. It is located 5 miles east of West Blocton. Cahaba lilies flower May through June.

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8

ALABAMA

Choctaw■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Jackson, Alabama

The entire refuge is flooded at times, so the best way to see it is by boat. / Closed to public

Eufaula■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Eufaula, Alabama

Lake Eufaula provides the centerpiece of the refuge’s natural beauty.

Fern Cave■■ Established 1981■■ Endangered Species■■ Paint Rock, Alabama

Located on the western slope of Nat Mountain, the refuge is home to the largest wintering colony of gray bats in the U.S. The cave itself is closed to the public.

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ALABAMA

Key Cave■■ Established 1997■■ Endangered Species■■ Florence, Alabama

The refuge protects the only known population of the endangered Alabama cavefish.

Mountain Longleaf ■■ Established 2003■■ Migratory Birds, Habitat Protection■■ Ft. McClellan, Alabama

The refuge protects rare fire-adapted mountain longleaf pine forests covering high mountain ridges at the southern end of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Sauta Cave■■ Established 1978■■ Endangered Species■■ Scottsboro, Alabama

In summer, visitors can see huge flights of bats at dusk. Contact Wheeler NWR for details.

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ALABAMA

Watercress Darter■■ Established 1980■■ Endangered Species■■ Bessemer, Alabama

The refuge protects one of the last remaining populations of watercress darters.

Wheeler■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Decatur, Alabama

The refuge provides a winter haven for large concentrations of ducks and geese.

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ALASKA

Alaska Maritime■■ Established 1980 ■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Homer, Alaska

The largest marine bird refuge in the world, it is home to 40 million nesting seabirds.

Alaska Peninsula■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ King Salmon, Alaska

With an abundant supply of salmon, berries, and carrion, the refuge provides prime habitat for a large population of Alaska brown bears.

Arctic■■ Established 1960 ■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Fairbanks, Alaska

The northernmost refuge, it is home to the great Porcupine Caribou Herd. Winter is long and severe; summer is brief and intense.

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ALASKA

Becharof■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ King Salmon, Alaska

The refuge provides important habitat for the Alaska Peninsula Caribou herd, one of thirteen major herds within Alaska.

Innoko■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ McGrath, Alaska

Remote even by Alaskan standards, the refuge is an important waterfowl area as host to thousands of geese, ducks, loons, and swans. It also provides habitat for moose, wolves, and bears.

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ALASKA

Izembek■■ Established 1960■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Cold Bay, Alaska

The refuge protects one of the largest eelgrass beds on earth, making it one of North America’s premier waterfowl and shorebird staging areas.

Kanuti■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ c/o Fairbanks, Alaska

Straddling the Arctic Circle, the refuge habitat is typical of an Alaskan boreal forest.

Kenai■■ Established 1941■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Soldotna, Alaska

Often called “Alaska in Miniature,” this refuge contains all of Alaska’s habitat types: tundra, mountains, wetlands, and forest.

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ALASKA

Kodiak■■ Established 1941■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Kodiak, Alaska

The refuge preserves the habitat of the Kodiak bear and is home to three times as many bears as all the grizzlies living in the other 49 states.

Koyukuk■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Galena, Alaska

The 3.5-million-acre refuge encompasses the extensive floodplain of the Koyukuk River, which is vital to moose, waterfowl, and fish species such as salmon and whitefish.

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ALASKA

Nowitna■■ Established 1980 ■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Galena, Alaska

The 2-million-acre refuge encompasses the floodplain of the nationally designated wild and scenic Nowitna River, which is vital to moose, waterfowl, and fish species such as sheefish.

Selawik■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Kotzebue, Alaska

Straddling the Arctic Circle, the refuge is a showcase of estuaries, river deltas, and tundra hills.

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ALASKA

Tetlin■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Tok, Alaska

The refuge provides habitat for 143 nesting species of birds including trumpeter swans. Many large mammals, such as moose, bear, sheep, caribou, and wolves, are also found here.

Togiak■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats ■■ Dillingham, Alaska

The refuge encompasses a variety of landscapes, including tundra, lakes, rivers, wetlands, mountains, and rugged seacliffs and beaches.

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ALASKA

Yukon Delta■■ Established 1980 ■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ Bethel, Alaska

The refuge is the largest in the system, with a history dating back to 1909.

Yukon Flats■■ Established 1980■■ Conserve Fish and Wildlife Populations and Protect Habitats■■ c/o Fairbanks, Alaska

The refuge has one of the highest densities of nesting waterfowl in North America.

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ARIZONA

Alchesay-Williams Creek NFH■■ Alchesay Unit established 1959; Williams Creek Unit established mid-1930s■■ Pinetop, Arizona

Alchesay and Williams Creek National Fish Hatchery Complex raises five species of trout for stocking Indian waters in Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. The Williams Creek Unit is known for its leading role in the recovery of the threatened Apache trout, a rare trout native only to Arizona.

Bill Williams River■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Parker, Arizona

The refuge protects the largest native stand of cottonwood/willow remaining along the lower Colorado River.

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ARIZONA

Buenos Aires■■ Established 1985■■ Endangered Species/Wildlife■■ Sasabe, Arizona

Six endangered species and numerous southwest specialty birds and wildlife are sheltered by the refuge’s extensive grasslands, cottonwood-lined streams, and rare desert wetlands.

Cabeza Prieta■■ Established 1939■■ Desert Bighorn Sheep, Sonoran Pronghorn■■ Ajo, Arizona

Originally established to assist in the recovery of the desert bighorn sheep, the refuge is now working for recovery of the endangered Sonoran pronghorn. It contains the largest refuge wilderness area in the contiguous U.S.

Cibola■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds, Reclamation■■ Cibola, Arizona

The refuge is comprised of river bottomland surrounded by a small fringe of desert ridges and washes.

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ARIZONA

Havasu■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lake Havisu City, Arizona

The refuge was created when Parker Dam was built, to provide habitat and protect wildlife resources.

Imperial■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Yuma, Arizona

The refuge encompasses a ribbon of wetland and riparian habitat that winds through the desert along the lower Colorado River.

Kofa■■ Established 1939■■ Desert Bighorn Sheep■■ Yuma, Arizona

Consisting of 665,400 acres of pristine desert habitat, the refuge hosts one of the nation’s largest desert bighorn sheep herds.

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ARIZONA

Leslie Canyon ■■ Established 1988■■ Endangered Species■■ Douglas, Arizona

The refuge protects riparian wetland for endangered fish, frogs, and plants and provides important habitat for neotropical birds and rare invertebrates.

San Bernardino■■ Established 1982■■ Endangered Species■■ Douglas, Arizona

The refuge protects wetlands for native fish, manages riparian areas for neotropical birds, and provides access to the historic 1884 John Slaughter Ranch.

Willow Beach NFH■■ Willow Beach, Arizona

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ARKANSAS

Bald Knob■■ Established 1993 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Bald Knob, Arkansas

The Cache/Lower White River ecosystem is the single most important wintering area for mallards.

Big Lake■■ Established 1915■■ Migratory Birds■■ Manila, Arkansas

The refuge protects a remnant portion of Mississippi Delta forested habitat— invaluable habitat for more than 200 species of migratory birds.

Cache River■■ Established 1993■■ Migratory Birds■■ Augusta, Arkansas

The Cache/Lower White River ecosystem is the single most important wintering area for mallards. In 2005, the thought-to-be-extinct ivory-billed woodpecker was rediscovered on the refuge.

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ARKANSAS

Felsenthal■■ Established 1970 ■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Crossett, Arkansas

The refuge has the world’s largest green-tree reservoir. Mature pine stands are managed for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker.

Greers Ferry NFH■■ Established 1965■■ Heber Springs, Arkansas

The hatchery produces almost a million rainbow trout for trout waters located in Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma.

Holla Bend■■ Established 1957■■ Migratory Birds■■ Dardanelle, Arkansas

Wintering ducks, geese, and eagles attract thousands of visitors in fall and winter.

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ARKANSAS

Logan Cave■■ Established 1989■■ Endangered Species

Closed to public

Mammoth Spring NFH■■ Established 1903■■ Mammoth Spring, Arkansas

Built in the Ozark foothills in northeast Arkansas, the hatchery is one of the oldest in the U.S. Its location was chosen because of easy access to the railroad and the availability of cool gravity-flow water from one of the world’s largest springs.

Norfork NFH■■ Established 1957■■ Mountain Home, Arkansas

The hatchery produces one-fifth of all the rainbow trout stocked by the National Fish Hatchery System—1.8 million each year—with a tremendous economic impact.

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ARKANSAS

Oakwood Unit■■ Established 1990■■ FmHA Transfer

The unit is currently being reforested to hardwoods. / Closed to public

Overflow■■ Established 1980■■ Migratory Birds■■ Wilmot, Arkansas

Bottomland hardwood and agriculture fields are habitat for wintering waterfowl.

Pond Creek■■ Established 1994■■ Arkansas Land Exchange Act■■ DeQueen, Arkansas

Rivers, oxbow lakes, and sloughs provide habitat for diverse wildlife species.

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ARKANSAS

Wapanocca■■ Established 1961■■ Migratory Birds■■ Turrell, Arkansas

Varied habitats attract a wide variety of spring migrant songbirds. Large numbers of waterfowl overwinter on the 600-acre Wapanocca Lake.

White River■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ DeWitt, Arkansas

The refuge hosts the largest concentration of wintering mallards in the Mississippi Flyway.

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CALIFORNIA

Antioch Dunes■■ Established 1980■■ Endangered Species

Closed to public

Bitter Creek■■ Established 1985 ■■ Endangered Species ■■ (Ventura, California)

The refuge encompasses a variety of habitats, including open grasslands, which are valuable condor foraging areas, juniper brushland, oak savanna, and pinyon pine/juniper/oak communities. / Closed to public

Blue Ridge■■ Established 1982■■ Endangered Species ■■ (Ventura, California)

The 897-acre refuge was established to provide critical roosting habitat for the California condor. It also serves to complement the condor’s historical foraging area. / Closed to public

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CALIFORNIA

Butte Sink WMA■■ Established 1980■■ Migratory Birds

Closed to public

Castle Rock■■ Established 1980■■ Endangered Species ■■ Crescent City, California

Covering about 14 acres, this offshore refuge is known for having the second-largest nesting seabird colony south of Alaska. It is also home to harbor seals, northern elephant seals, California sea lions, and Stellar’s sea lions. The refuge is closed to the public but can be viewed from the mainland. / Closed to public

Clear Lake■■ Established 1911■■ Migratory Birds■■ Tulelake, California

The refuge preserves archaeo-logical resources and nesting areas for white pelicans and sage grouse. It is closed to all public access except for limited waterfowl and pronghorn antelope hunting in season.

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CALIFORNIA

Coachella Valley■■ Established 1985■■ Endangered Species

Closed to public

Coleman NFH■■ Established 1942■■ Anderson, California

Colusa■■ Established 1944■■ Migratory Birds■■ Colusa, California

The 4,626-acre refuge of seasonal marshes, permanent pools, and uplands can be seen from the graveled auto tour route.

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CALIFORNIA

Delevan■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Delevan, California

Don Edwards San Francisco Bay■■ Established 1974■■ Endangered Species, Migratory Birds■■ Fremont, California

This island of wildlife in an urban sea is a winter home to almost 1 million migratory birds.

Ellicott Slough■■ Established 1975■■ Endangered Species

Closed to public

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CALIFORNIA

Farallon■■ Established 1909■■ Migratory Birds

Closed to public

Grasslands WMA■■ Established 1979■■ Migratory Birds. Wetlands Conservation■■ Los Banos, California

Viewable from public highways in the vicinity, the wildlife management area supports the largest remaining block of wetlands in the Central Valley. It consists of private lands interspersed with public lands and provides important habitat for migratory waterfowl, wading birds, and shorebirds.

Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes■■ Established 2000 ■■ Endangered Species■■ Guadalupe, California

The refuge protects coastal dune ecosystems through partnerships to restore and enhance coastal dune habitats.

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CALIFORNIA

Hopper Mountain■■ Established 1974■■ Endangered Species ■■ Ventura, California

The refuge preserves critical foraging and roosting habitat for the endangered California condor and serves as a buffer to the Sespe Condor Sanctuary in the Los Padres National Forest. / Closed to public

Humboldt Bay■■ Established 1971■■ Migratory Birds■■ Eureka, California

The refuge preserves seasonal and estuarine wetlands and a rare dune ecosystem with endangered plants. Large concentrations of migratory waterfowl, shorebirds, and raptors occur November through April.

Kern■■ Established 1960■■ Migratory Birds■■ Delano, California

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CALIFORNIA

Livingston Stone NFH■■ Shasta Lake, California

Lower Klamath■■ Established 1908■■ Migratory Birds■■ Tulelake, California

This is the nation’s first refuge established for waterfowl.

Marin Islands■■ Established 1992■■ Protection of Fish and Wildlife Resources

The refuge supports the largest heron and egret rookery on San Francisco Bay. / Closed to public

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CALIFORNIA

Merced■■ Established 1951■■ Migratory Birds■■ Merced, California

Modoc■■ Established 1960■■ Migratory Birds■■ Alturas, California

North Central Valley WMA■■ Established 1991■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Willows, California

Closed to public

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CALIFORNIA

Pixley■■ Established 1959■■ Endangered Species, Migratory Birds■■ Pixley, California

Thousands of sandhill cranes use this refuge each winter.

Sacramento■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Willows, California

The Sacramento Valley is the most important wintering area for waterfowl using the Pacific Flyway.

Sacramento River■■ Established 1989■■ Chico, California■■ Endangered Species

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CALIFORNIA

Salinas River■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Castroville, California

San Diego■■ Established 1996■■ Endangered Species■■ Chula Vista, California

The refuge supports a rich diversity of native habitats and wildlife.

San Diego Bay ■■ Established 1988■■ Light-footed Clapper Rail■■ Chula Vista, California

San Diego Bay’s historical coastal saltmarsh and mudflats are preserved within the refuge.

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CALIFORNIA

San Joaquin River■■ Established 1987■■ Endangered Species, Migratory Birds■■ Los Banos, California

San Luis■■ Established 1967■■ Migratory Birds■■ Los Banos, California

San Pablo Bay■■ Established 1974■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Species■■ Petaluma, California

The refuge encompasses tidal marsh mudflats and open bays at the north end of San Francisco Bay.

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CALIFORNIA

Seal Beach■■ Established 1972 ■■ Endangered Species■■ Seal Beach, California

This relatively pristine tidal salt marsh habitat, protected by the U.S Navy, supports over 200 species of resident and migratory birds.

Sonny Bono Salton Sea■■ Established 1930■■ Migratory Birds■■ Calipatria, California

The refuge shelters the most diverse array of bird species found on any refuge in the West.

Stone Lakes■■ Established 1994■■ Migratory Birds■■ Elk Grove, California

The refuge protects Central Valley habitats along the Pacific Flyway.

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CALIFORNIA

Sutter■■ Established 1945■■ Migratory Birds■■ Yuba City, California

Sweetwater Marsh■■ Established 1988■■ Endangered Species■■ Imperial Beach, California

Chula Vista Nature Center, built and staffed by the city, interprets the refuge’s marsh and bay habitats and its endangered species.

Tijuana Slough■■ Established 1980■■ Endangered Species■■ Imperial Beach, California

The urban refuge is home to six endangered or threatened birds and one endangered plant.

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CALIFORNIA

Tulare Basin WMA■■ Established 2010■■ Wetland conservation■■ Delano, California

Tulare Basin wetlands protect habitat for migratory waterfowl, land and shorebirds along the Pacific Flyway.

Tule Lake■■ Established 1928■■ Migratory Birds■■ Tulelake, California

This refuge together with others in the Klamath Basin hosts up to 80 percent of Pacific Flyway waterfowl during spring and fall migrations.

Willow Creek- Lurline WMA■■ Established 1985■■ Migratory Birds

Closed to public

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COLORADO

Alamosa■■ Established 1963■■ Migratory Birds■■ Alamosa, Colorado

The refuge encompasses 12,000 acres of floodplain wetlands and riparian habitat along the Rio Grande that is important to water birds, songbirds, raptors, deer and elk.

Arapaho■■ Established 1967■■ Migratory Birds■■ Walden, Colorado

The highest refuge outside Alaska at 8,100 feet, it has an average of only 30 consecutive frost-free days each year.

Baca■■ Established 2004■■ Habitat Management

Closed to public

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COLORADO

Browns Park■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Maybell, Colorado

The refuge combines abundant wildlife with solitude, scenery, and Old West history.

Colorado River WMA■■ Established 1999■■ Endangered fish species■■ Randlett, Utah

Critical habitat and periodic flooding here protect the Colorado pikeminnow, the razorback sucker and the humpback and bonytailed chub—all endangered species.

Hotchkiss NFH■■ Established 1967■■ Hotchkiss, Colorado

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COLORADO

Leadville NFH■■ Established 1889■■ Leadville, Colorado

Monte Vista■■ Established 1952■■ Migratory Birds■■ Monte Vista, Colorado

The refuge has some of the most productive duck production areas in North America.

Rocky Flats■■ Established 2007■■ Restore and preserve native ecosystems■■ Commerce City, Colorado

Opening planned 2017. Look for prairie falcons, deer, elk, coyotes, songbirds and the federally threatened Prebel’s meadow jumping mouse.

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COLORADO

Rocky Mountain Arsenal■■ Established 1989■■ Environmental Education, Endangered Species■■ Commerce City, Colorado

The front range and Denver skyline are a dramatic backdrop to the shortgrass prairie.

Sangre de Cristo Conservation Area■■ Established 2012■■ Migratory birds■■ Alamosa, New Mexico

The headwaters of the Rio Grande River create wetlands and wildlife habitat in this high desert mountain valley.

Two Ponds ■■ Established 1992 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Arvada, Colorado

This urban refuge located near Denver covers approximately 72 acres. It supports over 100 different species of birds.

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CONNECTICUT

Stewart B. McKinney■■ Established 1972 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Westbrook, Connecticut

The refuge is comprised of 10 different units that stretch across 70 miles of Connecticut coastline. These diverse areas provide important habitat for many species of wading birds, shorebirds, songbirds, and terns, including the endangered roseate tern.

DELAWARE

Bombay Hook■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Smyrna, Delaware

The auto-tour route provides views of saltmarsh, upland, forested, and freshwater habitats protected and managed for large numbers of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds.

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FLORIDA

Archie Carr■■ Established 1991■■ Endangered Species■■ Melbourne Beach, Florida

The refuge was established in memory of Dr. Archie Carr to protect the most important loggerhead sea turtle nesting beaches in North America. It is the only sea turtle refuge in the U.S.

Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee■■ Established 1951■■ Migratory Birds■■ Boynton Beach, Florida

The refuge protects the last remaining 221 square miles of the legendary northern Everglades.

Caloosahatchee■■ Established 1920■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ft. Myers, Florida

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FLORIDA

Cedar Keys■■ Established 1929■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cedar Key, Florida

Chassahowitzka■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Crystal River, Florida

The refuge serves as an important breeding and feeding ground for marine life with its mix of saltwater bays, estuaries, brackish marshes, and fringe of hardwood swamp.

Crocodile Lake■■ Established 1980■■ Endangered Species ■■ Key Largo, Florida

Closed to public

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FLORIDA

Crystal River■■ Established 1983■■ Endangered Species■■ Crystal River, Florida

The refuge supports the largest concentration of manatees in a natural spring area.

Egmont Key■■ Established 1974■■ Nesting Brown Pelicans■■ St. Petersburg, Florida

Walking trails allow visitors access to maritime forests and a glimpse of the past.

Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area■■ Established 2012■■ Endangered Species■■ Vero Beach, Florida

Protecting the headwaters of the Everglades safeguards much of the Florida water supply and conserves a prime hotspot for biological diversity. / Closed to public

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FLORIDA

Florida Panther■■ Established 1989 ■■ Endangered Species ■■ Naples, Florida

This is the only refuge specifically established to provide habitat for the endangered Florida panther. / Closed to public

Great White Heron■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lower Florida Keys

Hobe Sound■■ Established 1969■■ Donated by concerned residents■■ Hobe Sound, FL

The refuge was acquired in an effort to protect the diminishing manatee and sea turtle populations found in the Intracoastal Waterway.

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FLORIDA

Island Bay■■ Established 1908■■ Migratory Birds■■ Punta Gorda, Florida

J.N. “Ding” Darling■■ Established 1945■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sanibel, Florida

During winter months, over 230 species of migratory birds take refuge here.

Key West■■ Established 1908■■ Migratory Birds■■ Key West, Florida

The refuge consists of mangrove islands with beaches that are critical nesting habitat for endangered sea turtles.

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FLORIDA

Lake Wales Ridge■■ Established 1993■■ Endangered Plants

Closed to public

Lake Woodruff■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ DeLeon Springs, Florida

The public use area offers up to 6 miles of hiking and bicycling, and a 20-foot observation tower where spectacular numbers of wading birds can be seen.

Lower Suwannee■■ Established 1979■■ Migratory Birds■■ Chiefland, Florida

The floodplains of the Suwannee River and associated wetlands and forests provide nesting sites for swallow-tailed kites and other migratory birds.

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FLORIDA

Matlacha Pass■■ Established 1908■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ft. Myers, Florida

The refuge encompasses 23 islands in the waters of Charlotte Harbor estuary.

Merritt Island■■ Established 1963■■ Migratory Birds■■ Titusville, Florida

Blessed with a favorable coastal location, subtropical climate, and diverse habitats, the refuge supports over 500 species of wildlife.

National Key Deer Refuge■■ Established 1957■■ Endangered Species■■ Big Pine Key, Florida

The refuge protects the only population of endangered Key deer and a portion of globally threatened hardwood hammock and pine rockland forest.

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FLORIDA

Passage Key■■ Established 1905■■ Migratory Birds

Closed to public

Pelican Island■■ Established 1903■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sebastian, Florida

America’s first national wildlife refuge, it was established by President Theodore Roosevelt to protect pelicans and other birds from feather hunters.

Pine Island■■ Established 1908■■ Migratory Birds■■ Pine Island Sound, Florida

The refuge consists of 17 islands densely forested with red and black mangroves. These islands provide important nesting and roosting sites for colonial birds, particularly brown pelicans.

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FLORIDA

Pinellas■■ Established 1951■■ Migratory Birds

Closed to public

St. Johns■■ Established 1971 ■■ Endangered Species

Closed to public

St. Marks■■ Established 1931■■ Migratory Birds■■ St. Marks, Florida

One of the oldest units in the National Wildlife Refuge System, this oasis for wildlife and native plant species includes nearly 70,000 acres, covering 40 miles of Florida’s Gulf Coast.

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FLORIDA

St. Vincent■■ Established 1968■■ Migratory Birds■■ Apalachicola, Florida

The natural barrier island is a new home for endangered red wolves.

Ten Thousand Islands■■ Established 1996■■ Protection of Unique Ecosystem■■ Goodland, Florida

Best accessed by boat, canoe, or kayak, this refuge is noted for its beautiful scenery and good fishing.

Welaka NFH■■ Established 1926■■ Welaka, Florida

The only national fish hatchery in the state of Florida, it produces and distributes 5 million fish annually for the restoration and recovery of imperiled species.

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GEORGIA

Banks Lake■■ Established 1980■■ Endangered Species■■ Lakeland, Georgia

The refuge has a natural pocosin, or sink, of ancient geologic origin. It is accessed primarily by boat, and fishing for largemouth bass and other sportfish is the most popular activity.

Blackbeard Island■■ Established 1924■■ Migratory Birds■■ Blackbeard Island, Georgia

The refuge includes national wilderness and a trail network for hikers and bicyclers.

Bond Swamp■■ Established 1989■■ Migratory Birds■■ Macon, Georgia

The refuge protects the forested wetland ecosystem of the Ocmulgee River floodplain and provides excellent wintering habitat for waterfowl.

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GEORGIA

Chattahoochee Forest NFH■■ Established 1938■■ Suches, Georgia

Nestled in foothills of the southern Appalachians, this rural hatchery produces 1 million trout each year and sponsors an annual fishing festival.

Harris Neck■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Townsend, Georgia

The refuge has an auto tour for easy access and a trail network for hikers and bicyclers.

Okefenokee■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Birds■■ Folkston, Georgia

The largest refuge, containing the third-largest wilderness area east of the Mississippi River, has an extensive canoe trail system.

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GEORGIA

Piedmont■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ Round Oak, Georgia

The refuge was created to reclaim unproductive, eroded farmland and restore it to productive wildlife habitat.

Savannah■■ Established 1927■■ Migratory Birds■■ Savannah, Georgia

The refuge includes freshwater marshes, tidal rivers and creeks, and bottomland hardwoods. More than half the refuge acreage is located in South Carolina.

Warm Springs NFH ■■ Established 1898■■ Warm Springs, Georgia

The public-use area includes an aquarium, display pools, pavilion, carnivorous plant display, American alligators, nature trail, and watchable wildlife.

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GEORGIA

Wassaw■■ Established 1969■■ Migratory Birds■■ Wassaw Island, Georgia

The coastal barrier island refuge is the most pristine of all the Golden Isles of Georgia.

Wolf Island■■ Established 1930■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Wolf Island, Georgia

The refuge is a national wilderness area. Surrounding waters are open to the public, while all upland areas are closed. / Closed to public

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HAWAII AND PACIFIC ISLANDS

Hawaii and Pacific IslandsMany Hawaiian and Pacific Island refuges are inaccessible or restricted to public access and are administered by an urban office in Honolulu. Before trying to visit these refuges, you should call the refuge office for more information.

Baker Island■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Seabirds

Closed to public

Guam■■ Established 1993■■ Endangered Species■■ Dededo, Guam

The Ritidian Point area offers opportunities to explore beaches, coral reefs, and native forest. Most refuge land is an overlay of military land and closed to the public.

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Hakalau Forest■■ Established 1985■■ Endangered Species■■ Hilo, Hawaii

The refuge is the only one in the country set aside to protect and manage endangered forest birds and their rain forest habitat.

Hanalei■■ Established 1972■■ Endangered Species ■■ Kilauea, Kauai, Hawaii

In order to protect endangered wildlife, the refuge is closed to the public but can be viewed from the Hanalei Valley Overlook. / Closed to public

Hawaiian Islands■■ Established 1909■■ Refuge and Breeding Ground for Native Birds

The refuge consists of an 800-mile chain of islands, reefs, and atolls providing nesting sites for thousands of seabirds and hundreds of green sea turtles.

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Howland Island■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Seabirds

Closed to public

Huleia■■ Established 1972■■ Endangered Species ■■ Kilauea, Kauai, Hawaii

Closed to public

James Campbell■■ Established 1976■■ Endangered Species■■ Haleiwa, Hawaii

The refuge’s impounded wetlands are premier recovery areas for four endangered Hawaiian waterbirds.

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Jarvis Island■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Seabirds

Closed to public

Johnston Atoll ■■ Established 1926 ■■ Native Birds

The refuge is cooperatively managed by the Defense Nuclear Agency. Its employees monitor the marine reef environment and manage habitat for seabirds and shorebirds. / Closed to public

Kakahaia■■ Established 1977■■ Endangered Species■■ Kihei, Maui, Hawaii

Hawaiian coot, or álae keókeó, is written about in Hawaiian mythology. This endangered waterbird nests and forages in wetlands here.

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Kealia Pond■■ Established 1992■■ Endangered Species■■ Kihei, Maui, Hawaii

The Hawaiian stilt, or áeó, is one of the three endangered waterbird species that nests and forages in the wetlands here. The refuge hosts a diversity of shorebirds and waterfowl during fall migration.

Kilauea Point■■ Established 1985■■ Migratory Seabirds■■ Kilauea, Kauai, Hawaii

The Point is where the land meets the sea and people meet seabirds! Visitors can view the historic lighthouse; seven species of seabirds; the endangered Hawaiian goose, or nene; and whales.

Kingman Reef■■ Established 2001■■ Endangered Species

Closed to public

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Mariana Arc of Fire ■■ Established 2009

The 21 submerged volcanic features along the Mariana Ridge were designated as the volcano unit of the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument. The refuge supports unusual life forms in some of the harshest conditions imaginable, including highly acidic and boiling water. / Closed to public

Mariana Trench ■■ Established 2009

The Mariana Trench contains some of the deepest known points in the global ocean. The Mariana Trench is also recognized by the international scientific community as the oldest place geologically on the floor of any ocean on earth. Due to its inaccessibility, the region is virtually unexplored. / Closed to public

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Midway Atoll■■ Established 1988■■ Native Species■■ Midway Island

Fifteen seabird species, including 70 percent of the world’s Laysan albatross, nest here.

Oahu Forest■■ Established 2000■■ Endangered Species ■■ Haleiwa, Hawaii

The native rain forest community within the refuge supports 20 species of endangered plants and animals. / Closed to public

Palmyra Atoll■■ Established 2001■■ Endangered Species

Closed to public

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Pearl Harbor■■ Established 1972■■ Endangered Species ■■ Haleiwa, Hawaii

The refuge is a premier recovery area for four endangered Hawaiian waterbirds and the largest remnant stand of endangered Ewa hinahina. / Closed to public

Rose Atoll■■ Established 1973■■ Unique Fish and Wildlife Conservation

Surrounded by a rose-colored coral reef, the atoll is the southernmost refuge in the National Wildlife Refuge System. Closed to public

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Wake Atoll■■ Established 2009

Wake Atoll is a National Historic Landmark because of its role in World War II. Possibly the oldest living atoll in the world, the atoll provides important seabird and migratory shorebird habitat, as well as 100 species of coral and coral reefs that support large populations of fishes. Wake Atoll is part of the largest marine reserve in the world, the Pacific Remote Islands National Marine Monument. / Closed to public

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IDAHO

Bear Lake■■ Established 1968■■ Migratory Birds■■ Montpelier, Idaho

An 18,000-acre marsh, the refuge is home to large populations of Canada geese, ducks, sandhill cranes, and white-faced ibis.

Camas■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hamer, Idaho

The refuge is an important migration and breeding area for migratory birds, including trumpeter swans, sandhill cranes, and songbirds.

Deer Flat■■ Established 1909■■ Migratory Birds■■ Nampa, Idaho

The refuge’s Lake Lowell and Snake River Island sectors provide watery oases for resident and migratory wildlife, including spectacular concentrations of wintering waterfowl.

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70

IDAHO

Dworshak NFH■■ Ahsahka, Idaho

The hatchery was built to mitigate the loss of steelhead trout in the North Fork of the Clearwater River and its tributaries as a result of the construction of Dworshak Dam.

Grays Lake■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Soda Springs, Idaho

The refuge has one of the highest nesting densities of greater sandhill cranes and may be the largest hardstem bulrush marsh in North America.

Hagerman NFH■■ Hagerman, Idaho

Over 1.2 million steelhead and 130,000 rainbow trout are produced annually to mitigate for fish and wildlife losses caused by the construction of dams.

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IDAHO

Kooskia NFH■■ Kooskia, Idaho

The hatchery was established to rear spring chinook salmon for release into the Clearwater River basin.

Kootenai■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Bonners Ferry, Idaho

Over 300 different species of wildlife can be found on the refuge, indicating the richness and diversity this area holds.

Minidoka■■ Established 1909■■ Migratory Birds■■ Rupert, Idaho

The refuge has one of two white pelican nesting colonies found in Idaho. The Oregon Trail passed through what is now refuge land.

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IDAHO

Oxford Slough WPA■■ Established 1985■■ Migratory Birds, Waterfowl Production■■ Swan Lake, Idaho

The WPA produces one duck nest per acre; provides safe haven for colonial nesting birds, like white-faced ibis and Franklin gulls; and is used by migrating greater sandhill cranes during spring and fall migrations.

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ILLINOIS

Chautauqua■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Birds■■ Havana, Illinois

Located along the Illinois River, the refuge covers 4,480 acres of bottomland forest, floodplain wetlands, and backwater lake habitat.

Crab Orchard■■ Established 1947■■ Wildlife, Agriculture, Recreation, Industry■■ Marion, Illinois

Located in the center of the Mississippi Flyway, the refuge landscape includes three man-made lakes, hardwood and pine forests, croplands, grasslands, wetlands, rolling hills, and rugged terrain.

Cypress Creek■■ Established 1990■■ Wetlands, Migratory Birds■■ Ullin, Illinois

The refuge protects 15,000 acres along the Cache River in southern Illinois. Cypress swamps provide homes for a diversity of birds, river otters, bobcats, and more.

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ILLINOIS

Emiquon■■ Established 1993■■ Wetlands Restoration■■ Havana, Illinois

When completely restored, the refuge will comprise 11,122 acres of upland and bottomland forest, prairie, backwater lake, seasonal wetland, and marsh habitat.

Hackmatack ■■ Established 2012■■ Grasslands, Wet Prairies, Natural Streams■■ Thomson, Illinois

When this refuge opens, look for several species of raptors, including bald eagles, as well as Blanding’s turtles. This refuge serves the greater Chicago metropolitan area. / Closed to public

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ILLINOIS

Kankakee National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area■■ Established 2016■■ Wetland/Grassland Habitat■■ Iroquois County, Illinois

Expect to enjoy hunting, birdwatching and photography when this refuge opens. It was established with a donation of land from the Friends of the Kankakee, a river created by a catastrophic flood 14,000 years ago.

Meredosia■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Meredosia, Illinois

As a functioning floodplain wetland complex, the refuge plays a vital role in perpetuating biological diversity in the Illinois River floodplain.

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ILLINOIS

Middle Mississippi■■ Established 2000■■ Migratory Birds, Fish■■ Rockwood, Illinois

This stretch of the Middle Mississippi River is not regulated by a lock and dam system. Major habitat types include bottomland hardwood forest, seasonal wetlands, and backwater sloughs.

Two Rivers■■ Established 1958■■ Migratory Birds■■ Brussels, Illinois

Located at the confluence of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, the refuge provides critical habitat and sanctuary for birds migrating along the Mississippi Flyway. This area was formerly known as the Brussels District of the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge.

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ILLINOIS

Upper Mississippi River Wildlife & Fish Refuge (Savanna District)■■ Established 1924■■ Migratory Birds■■ Thomson, Illinois

The 64,000-acre district includes a mosaic of upland and bottomland habitats and stretches along 80 miles of the Mississippi River. The refuge lies within four states: Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois.

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INDIANA

Big Oaks■■ Established 2000■■ Fish and Wildlife, Endangered Species■■ Madison, Indiana

The refuge contains the largest unfragmented forest block in southeastern Indiana and some of the largest grassland areas found within the region. Over 200 species of birds and 46 mammal species are found here.

Muscatatuck■■ Established 1966■■ Migratory Birds■■ Seymour, Indiana

Wildlife abounds at the refuge, attracted by wetland and forest nesting habitat. Over 280 species of birds have been seen here.

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INDIANA

Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area■■ Established 1994■■ Wetland Preservation, Migratory Birds, Endangered Species■■ Oakland City, Indiana

The refuge includes 30 miles of the Patoka River and 19 miles of river oxbows in southwest Indiana. It represents one of the most significant bottomland hardwood forests in the Midwest and provides important habitat for migratory birds.

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IOWA

DeSoto■■ Established 1959■■ Migratory Birds■■ Missouri Valley, Iowa

Visitors enjoy wildlife viewing in prairie, forest, and wetland habitat; recreation on DeSoto Lake; and the exhibition of the cargo from the 1865 steamboat Bertrand.

Driftless Area■■ Established 1989■■ Endangered Species■■ McGregor, Iowa

The refuge’s unique algific talus (cold air, loose rock) slopes remain cold throughout the year, providing a glacial relict environment for rare and endangered plants and animals.

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IOWA

Iowa Wildlife Management District■■ Established 1979■■ Waterfowl Production■■ Prairie City, Iowa

Spread across 17 counties, approximately 20,000 acres of waterfowl production areas provide valuable habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife of the prairie pothole region.

Neal Smith■■ Established 1990■■ Ecosystem Reconstruction■■ Prairie City, Iowa

Farmed for 150 years, the refuge is being restored to the tallgrass prairie and savanna habitats that bison, elk, and other animals once called home. Visitor opportunities include an auto tour through a 740-acre bison/elk enclosure.

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IOWA

Port Louisa■■ Established 1958■■ Migratory Birds■■ Prairie City, Iowa

The refuge protects over 10,000 acres along the Mississippi River. Fluctuations in water level are managed to mimic those that occur naturally. This program allows the best conditions for the aquatic plant growth that supports migratory birds.

Union Slough■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Titonka, Iowa

Extending along Union Slough and Buffalo Creek, the refuge’s 3,300 acres of uplands and wetlands are managed for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

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IOWA

Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife & Fish Refuge (McGregor District)■■ Established 1924■■ Migratory Birds■■ McGregor, Iowa

The McGregor District stretches along 100 miles of the Mississippi River where visitors can view bald eagles, tundra swans, songbirds, and more.

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KANSAS

Flint Hills■■ Established 1966■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hartford, Kansas

The refuge lies in the broad, flat Neosho River Valley, a native tallgrass prairie region with natural scenic beauty.

Flint Hills Legacy Conservation Area■■ Established 2011■■ Tallgrass prairie■■ Hartford, Kansas

Only 4 percent of the once vast tallgrass prairie in eastern Kansas remains. Private landowners are partners in this effort to maintain prairie wildlife habitat. Open for self-guided walks, staff-led programs, hunting and fishing.

Kirwin■■ Established 1954■■ Migratory Birds■■ Kirwin, Kansas

The first national wildlife refuge in Kansas, its habitats include rolling hills, prairie, and riparian communities.

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KANSAS

Marais des Cygnes■■ Established 1992■■ Protect Bottomland Hardwood Forest■■ Pleasanton, Kansas

The refuge protects one of the largest high-quality bottomland hardwood forests in Kansas. It is named after the Marais des Cygnes River which runs through the middle of the refuge.

Quivira■■ Established 1955■■ Migratory Birds■■ Stafford, Kansas

The refuge has two large salt marshes, which attract birds common to both eastern and western North America.

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KENTUCKY

Clarks River ■■ Established 1997■■ Wetland Resources, Migratory Birds■■ Benton, Kentucky

The refuge contains bottomland hardwood forests associated with one of the few remaining rivers in the region that has not been dammed or channelized. The intact forests provide critical habitat for migrating waterfowl and songbirds.

Wolf Creek NFH■■ Established 1975■■ Jamestown, Kentucky

The station produces approximately 1 million rainbow and brown trout annually and works in the recovery of several endangered species. It is home to the first and only visitor/environmental education center of its kind in the Southeast.

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LOUISIANA

Atchafalaya■■ Established 1986■■ Migratory Birds■■ Krotz Springs, Louisiana

The refuge forms part of the nation’s largest complex of forested wetlands, the Atchafalaya Basin. This basin is one of the most productive wildlife areas in North America.

Bayou Cocodrie■■ Established 1990 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ferriday, Louisiana

The refuge includes some of the least-disturbed bottomland hardwood forest in the Southeast and significantly contributes to the biological diversity in the region.

Bayou Sauvage■■ Established 1990■■ Migratory Birds■■ New Orleans, Louisiana

The refuge’s 23,000 acres of marshes and woodlands, within the city limits of New Orleans, make it the nation’s largest urban wildlife refuge.

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LOUISIANA

Bayou Teche■■ Established 2001■■ Wetland Resources, Black Bear■■ New Orleans, Louisiana

The primary purpose of this wetland refuge is to preserve and manage habitat for the threatened Louisiana black bear.

Big Branch Marsh■■ Established 1994■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lacombe, Louisiana

Pine savannas, bayous, and marshes represent one of the largest undeveloped natural areas in the New Orleans metropolitan area.

Black Bayou Lake■■ Established 1997■■ Migratory Birds■■ Monroe, Louisiana

Pristine wetlands with flora and fauna characteristic of southern swamps can be found at this semi-urban refuge.

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LOUISIANA

Bogue Chitto■■ Established 1989■■ Migratory Birds■■ Slidell, Louisiana

The mixed bottomland hardwoods and cypress-tupelo brakes harbor a tremendous variety of wildlife.

Breton■■ Established 1904■■ Migratory Birds■■ Breton Islands, Louisiana

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina substantially impacted the island refuge, reducing it in size and eliminating much of the colonial bird nest habitats for which it was founded.

Cameron Prairie■■ Established 1988 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sweetlake, Louisiana

The visitor center boardwalks, 3-mile Pintail Wildlife Drive, and 1-mile walking trail allow visitors to see many wildlife, bird, and plant species.

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90

LOUISIANA

Catahoula■■ Established 1958■■ Migratory Birds■■ Rhinehart, Louisiana

With scenic bottomland hardwood forests and bayous, the refuge is a wintering area for large concentrations of waterfowl.

Cat Island■■ Established 2000■■ Migratory Birds■■ St. Francisville, Louisiana

The 9,500-acre refuge is made up of forested wetland habitats and is home to a diverse array of wildlife species. It floods most years and is home to the National Champion Bald Cypress Tree.

D’Arbonne■■ Established 1975■■ Migratory Birds■■ West Monroe, Louisiana

The 17,421-acre refuge contains extensive bottomland hardwood forests which typically flood from November to June, attracting thousands of waterfowl.

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91

LOUISIANA

Delta■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Venice, Louisiana

The refuge provides wintering habitat for up to 300,000 waterfowl and is also an important stopover for neotropical migrants.

Grand Cote■■ Established 1989■■ Migratory Birds■■ Marksville, Louisiana

The 6,000-acre refuge was established to provide habitat for northern pintails and other wintering waterfowl but also is home to many other wildlife species.

Handy Brake■■ Established 1989■■ Migratory Birds■■ Bastrop, Louisiana

The refuge is home to resident wood ducks and wintering waterfowl.

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92

LOUISIANA

Lacassine■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lake Arthur, Louisiana

Located at the southern end of the Mississippi and Central Flyways, Lacassine supports one of the largest concentrations of wintering waterfowl.

Lake Ophelia■■ Established 1988■■ Migratory Birds■■ Marksville, Louisiana

The 18,000-acre refuge is a mix of bottomland hardwood forests, open fields, and croplands, crisscrossed with bayous, streams, and its most prominent water body, the 350-acre Lake Ophelia.

Mandalay■■ Established 1996■■ Migratory Birds■■ Houma, Louisiana

Blue-winged teal are abundant at the refuge during the fall and winter.

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93

LOUISIANA

Natchitoches NFH ■■ Established 1931■■ Fisheries Recreation & Recovery■■ Natchitoches, Louisiana

The only federal hatchery in Louisiana, it provides fish for recreation, restoration, and recovery work in a five-state area.

Red River■■ Established 2002■■ Migratory Birds■■ Shreveport/Bossier City, Louisiana

Existing within one of the most highly altered landscapes in Louisiana, the refuge provides essential habitat for thousands of migratory birds annually.

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LOUISIANA

Sabine■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hackberry, Louisiana

The 1.5-mile Wetland Walkway and 1-mile Blue Goose Trail allow visitors to see various wildlife, bird, and plant species.

Shell Keys■■ Established 1907■■ Migratory Birds■■ Marsh Island, Louisiana

The refuge consists of a small string of sand and shell islands that have nearly disappeared due to an eroding shoreline.

Tensas River■■ Established 1980■■ Protect Bottomland Hardwood Forest Habitat■■ Tallulah, Louisiana

“The Tensas” is one of the largest continuous blocks of bottomland hardwood forest remaining in the Mississippi River Delta.

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95

LOUISIANA

Upper Ouachita■■ Established 1978■■ Migratory Birds■■ Haile, Louisiana

The 34,000-acre refuge contains bottomland hardwood forests and the largest bottomland forest restoration project.

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96

MAINE

Aroostook■■ Established 1998 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Limestone, Maine

The refuge provides valuable wildlife habitat in an area of Maine dominated by agriculture.

Carlton Pond WPA■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Troy, Maine

The 1,055-acre area protects a large freshwater wetland. Many species of waterfowl visit the pond, including state-endangered black terns.

Craig Brook NFH■■ Established 1889■■ East Orland, Maine

The primary purpose for which the hatchery was established, and still operates today, is to restore Atlantic salmon.

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MAINE

Cross Island■■ Established 1980 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cutler, Maine

Franklin Island■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Muscongas Bay, Maine

Green Lake NFH■■ Established 1973■■ Ellsworth, Maine

The hatchery is a large-scale, cold-water, enhancement facility whose primary mission is to provide smolts and parr for Gulf of Maine rivers.

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98

MAINE

Moosehorn■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ellsworth, Maine

The refuge serves as a breeding area and migration stop for waterfowl, wading birds, and shorebirds.

Petit Manan■■ Established 1974■■ Migratory Birds■■ Milbridge, Maine

The refuge manages coastal and island habitats with an emphasis on colonial nesting seabirds.

Pond Island■■ Established 1972■■ Migratory Birds■■ Kennebec River, Maine

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99

MAINE

Rachel Carson■■ Established 1966■■ Migratory Birds■■ Wells, Maine

The 5,300-acre refuge protects critical coastal wetlands and provides important migrating and wintering habitat for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

Seal Island■■ Established 1972■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Seal Island, Maine

Closed to public

Sunkhaze Meadows■■ Established 1988■■ Migratory Birds■■ Wetlands■■ Milford, Maine

The 11,270-acre refuge protects a “raised dome” peatland and its native plants and wildlife.

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100

MARYLAND

Blackwater■■ Established 1933 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cambridge, Maryland

The chief wintering area for Canada geese using the Atlantic Flyway, the refuge is a haven for two of our nation’s threatened or endangered species.

Eastern Neck■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Rock Hall, Maryland

The refuge is a major staging area for thousands of tundra swans during the fall and spring migrations.

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101

MARYLAND

Martin■■ Established 1954■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Smith Island, Maryland

The refuge’s tidal marsh, coves, and creeks form an important stopover and wintering area for thousands of migratory waterfowl and nesting habitat for various wildlife species. / Closed to public

Patuxent Research Refuge■■ Established 1936■■ Wildlife Research■■ Laurel, Maryland

The only refuge established to support wildlife research, it is home to the National Wildlife Visitor Center and offers a variety of recreational and educational opportunities at two public entrances.

Susquehanna ■■ Established 1942■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Harford County, Maryland

Closed to public

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102

MASSACHUSETTS

Assabet■■ Established 2001■■ Migratory birds■■ Sudbury, Massachusetts

Wetlands are prime areas for wildlife activity; hike trails near the pond to see songbirds and raptors. Hunting and fishing are also available.

Berkshire NFH■■ Established 1914■■ Hartsville, New Marlboro, Massachusetts

Originally the hatchery supplied trout species to surrounding states. Now run by volunteers, the hatchery also raises Atlantic salmon and is an environmental education facility.

Great Meadows■■ Established 1994■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sudbury, Massachusetts

Located just 20 miles from Boston, bordering seven historically significant towns, the refuge provides valuable wetland habitat.

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103

MASSACHUSETTS

Mashpee■■ Established 1995■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Mashpee and Falmouth, Massachusetts

Managed through a unique partnership of federal, state, and private conservation groups, this Cape Cod refuge is closed to public access. There are public areas on several partner properties. / Closed to public

Massasoit■■ Established 1983■■ Conserve Plymouth Redbelly Turtle ■■ Plymouth, Massachusetts

The refuge provides critical habitat for the Plymouth redbelly turtle. / Closed to public

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104

MASSACHUSETTS

Monomoy■■ Established 1944■■ Migratory Birds■■ Chatham, Massachusetts

Numerous waterfowl, shorebirds, and colonial seabird and waterbird species nest at the refuge. Fall shorebird migrations are renowned. Grey and harbor seals are present in great numbers.

Nantucket■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Nantucket Island, Massachusetts

Endangered piping plovers and other shorebirds find refuge in the barrier beach habitat located at the tip of Great Point on Nantucket Island.

Nomans Land Island■■ Established 1975■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Nomans Land Island, Massachusetts

Closed to public

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105

MASSACHUSETTS

North Attleboro NFH■■ Nantucket Island, Massachusetts

The hatchery supports Atlantic salmon restoration programs in southern New England.

Oxbow■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Harvard, Massachusetts

Freshwater marshes and oxbow ponds provide valuable habitat for waterfowl, game birds, and endangered and threatened species.

Parker River■■ Established 1942■■ Migratory Birds■■ Newburyport, Massachusetts

The refuge is considered one of the top 10 birding areas in the country with more than 300 species recorded.

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106

MASSACHUSETTS

Richard Cronin National Salmon Station■■ Established 1982■■ Sunderland, Massachusetts

Silvio O. Conte National Fish & Wildlife Refuge■■ Established 1997■■ Conserve Biodiversity■■ Turners Falls, Massachusetts

The watershed-based refuge conserves biodiversity on a land-scape scale through land acquisition, outreach and education, and working with landowners and partners in four states. It utilizes multiple lands, education centers, and offices.

Thacher Island■■ Established 1972 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Thacher Island, Massachusetts

The refuge currently serves as a nesting area for herring and great black-backed gulls and a resting and refueling stopover site for songbirds and other migrants. Seals, waterfowl, loons, grebes, and cormorants can be seen offshore.

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107

MICHIGAN

Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge■■ Established 2001■■ Habitat Protection and Restoration■■ Grosse Ile, Michigan

The refuge is North America’s first international wildlife refuge and includes islands, coastal wetlands, marshes, shoals, and shoreline along the Detroit River and Lake Erie.

Harbor Island■■ Established 1983■■ Unique Habitat Protection■■ Grosse Ile, Michigan

The 695-acre horseshoe-shaped island that constitutes the refuge hosts a variety of undeveloped habitats and a diverse population of wildlife.

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108

MICHIGAN

Huron■■ Established 1905■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lake Superior, Michigan

Only West Huron Island, part of the eight-island, 147-acre refuge, is open to the public for hiking and nature study.

Jordan River NFH■■ Established 1962■■ Elmira, Michigan

The entire production of the hatchery is dedicated to stocking lake trout in the Great Lakes, primarily lakes Michigan and Huron. The long-term goal is to establish a self-sustaining lake trout population.

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109

MICHIGAN

Kirtland’s Warbler WMA■■ Established 1980 ■■ Endangered Species■■ Seney, Michigan

The area is comprised of 125 individual tracts of land and is managed in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for the world’s rarest warbler.

Michigan WMD■■ Established 1980■■ Migratory Birds■■ East Lansing, Michigan

More than 60 species of birds have been observed, including 10 species of waterfowl. The District consists of a 14-county area.

Michigan Islands■■ Established 1943■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Lakes Michigan and Huron, Michigan

These eight refuge islands provide habitat for migratory and colonial nesting birds and are closed to the public. / Closed to public

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110

MICHIGAN

Pendills Creek NFH■■ Established 1951■■ Lake Trout Restoration■■ Chippewa, Michigan

The hatchery produces lake trout as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Program. The hatchery also has an environmental education program.

Seney■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Seney, Michigan

The refuge’s 95,212 acres are home to over 200 species of birds and a variety of mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and invertebrates.

Shiawassee■■ Established 1953■■ Migratory Birds■■ Saginaw, Michigan

Four rivers converge on the refuge, supporting diverse habitats that make it an excellent spot for viewing waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, songbirds, and raptors.

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111

MICHIGAN

Sullivan Creek NFH■■ Established 1951■■ Lake Trout Restoration■■ Brimley, Michigan

The hatchery maintains lake trout broodstock.

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112

MINNESOTA

Agassiz■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Middle River, Minnesota

The refuge lies in the aspen parkland ecosystem of northwestern Minnesota, with a diversity of habitats that support over 280 bird species and 49 mammal species, including moose and wolves.

Big Stone WMD■■ Established 1995■■ Migratory birds■■ Odessa, Minnesota

The refuge is open for hunting, fishing and wildlife viewing.

Crane Meadows■■ Established 1992■■ Habitat Protection■■ Little Falls, Minnesota

Visit this site to observe sandhill cranes and many species of migratory birds. The refuge’s focus is preserving a large, natural wetland complex as well as areas of tallgrass prairie and oak savanna.

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113

MINNESOTA

Detroit Lakes WMD■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds, Waterfowl Production■■ Detroit Lakes, Minnesota

More than 160 waterfowl production areas protect more that 41,000 acres in Minnesota’s prairie pothole region. Management is focused on native plant community restoration.

Fergus Falls WMD■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Fergus Falls, Minnesota

Spread across four counties, the district covers 44,000 acres. Visit one of the 218 waterfowl production areas and experience the prairie pothole ecosystem or enjoy an educational program at the Prairie Wetlands Learning Center.

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114

MINNESOTA

Glacial Ridge■■ Established 2004■■ Prairie Restoration, Migratory Birds■■ Erskine, Minnesota

Established through a partnership of 30 organizations, the 2,300-acre refuge will eventually cover 35,000 acres, representing the largest tallgrass prairie restoration project in U.S. history.

Hamden Slough■■ Established 1989■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Audubon, Minnesota

This refuge was selected as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by the National Audubon Society, one of eight such areas in Minnesota. Near the office, visitors can view the restored 26 acres of wildflowers.

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115

MINNESOTA

Litchfield WMD■■ Established 1978■■ Migratory Birds■■ Litchfield, Minnesota

Covering seven counties, this management district comprises more than 33,000 acres of USFWS-owned land with 150+ waterfowl production areas, including marsh, prairie, transition, and woodland habitats.

Mille Lacs■■ Established 1915■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Mille Lacs County, Minnesota

The nation’s smallest refuge is less than an acre but includes one of Minnesota’s four common tern breeding colonies. / Closed to public

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116

MINNESOTA

Minnesota Valley WMD■■ Established in 1988■■ Waterfowl production■■ Carver, Minnesota

All waterfowl production areas are open to fishing and hunting, typically for waterfowl, deer, pheasant and turkey. A Young Waterfowlers Program teaches ethics and skills of waterfowl hunting. Native prairie wildflowers, butterflies, dragonflies and frogs are commonly seen.

Morris WMD■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Morris, Minnesota

Located in Minnesota’s prairie pothole region, the refuge is a popular migration route for waterfowl and nongame birds and provides critical nesting habitat.

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117

MINNESOTA

Northern Tallgrass Prairie■■ Established 2000■■ Native Prairie Preservation■■ Odessa, Minnesota

This unique refuge consists of small parcels set aside to preserve, restore, and manage a portion of the remaining northern tallgrass prairie habitat throughout western Minnesota and northwestern Iowa.

Rice Lake■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ McGregor, Minnesota

The abundant wild rice crop at Rice Lake attracts over 100,000 waterfowl every autumn, leading to the refuge being designated a Globally Important Bird Area.

Rydell■■ Established 1992■■ Migratory Birds■■ Erskine, Minnesota

Located in a unique fire-shield area of the prairie pothole region, the refuge supports a diversity of habitat types which can be enjoyed along 7 miles of accessible trails.

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118

MINNESOTA

Sherburne■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Zimmerman, Minnesota

The refuge is a mosaic of oak savanna with prairie openings and wetlands. It is home to bald eagles, sandhill cranes, Blanding’s turtles, river otters, and more.

Tamarac■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory birds■■ Rochert, Minnesota

Coniferous forests meet tall grass prairie in this refuge established as a breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife. The refuge is open for hunting, fishing, wildlife viewing and hiking.

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119

MINNESOTA

Tamarac WMD■■ Established 1994■■ Enhance wildlife habitat■■ Rochert, Minnesota

Tamarac Wetland Management District is made up of private land partnerships and conservation easements so there are currently no on-site opportunities for visitor activities. There are public programs at Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge. / Closed to public

Upper Mississippi River Wildlife & Fish Refuge (Winona District)■■ Established 1924 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Winona, Minnesota

The refuge contains a vast diversity of habitat types, including wooded river bottomland, backwater marshes, open water, and numerous sloughs and channels.

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120

MINNESOTA

Windom WMD■■ Established 1990 ■■ Migratory Birds, Waterfowl Production■■ Windom, Minnesota

Covering 12 counties with over 60 units, the management district provides critical nesting habitat for waterfowl and nongame birds throughout the prairie pothole region.

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121

MISSISSIPPI

Coldwater River■■ Established 1991■■ Migratory Birds■■ Crowder, Mississippi

The refuge includes a diversity of habitats ranging from old fields reforested with native hardwoods to 25 ponds managed for shorebirds, waterfowl, and marsh birds.

Dahomey■■ Established 1991■■ Migratory Birds■■ Boyle, Mississippi

An island of forested wetlands in a sea of agricultural land, the refuge contains over 8,000 acres of contiguous bottomland hardwood forest.

Grand Bay■■ Established 1992■■ Migratory Birds■■ Pascagoula, Mississippi

The refuge protects one of the largest remaining areas of the rare Gulf Coast savanna.

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122

MISSISSIPPI

Hillside■■ Established 1975 ■■ Conserve Wildlife Habitat■■ Lexington, Mississippi

The refuge is noted for its diversity of wildlife, especially bird species which utilize the bluff hills and bottomland hardwoods.

Holt Collier■■ Established 2004 ■■ Omnibus Bill of 2004■■ Darlove, Mississippi

Located strategically in the Mississippi Flyway, the refuge provides habitat for more than 250 songbirds, wading birds, waterfowl and raptor species.

Mathews Brake■■ Established 1980■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sidon, Mississippi, Lexington, Mississippi

The refuge is noted for its waterfowl populations and its fishery.

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123

MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi Sandhill Crane■■ Established 1975■■ Endangered Species ■■ Gautier, Mississippi

The refuge is the only home of the endangered Mississippi sandhill crane and its unique wet pine savanna habitat.

Morgan Brake■■ Established 1977■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cruger, Mississippi

The refuge is noted for its large waterfowl populations, bird species diversity, and resident wildlife populations.

Noxubee■■ Established 1940■■ Migratory Birds■■ Brooksville, Mississippi

Encompassing 48,000 acres, the refuge is noted for its red-cockaded woodpeckers and a variety of forested habitats.

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124

MISSISSIPPI

Panther Swamp■■ Established 1978■■ Migratory Birds■■ Yazoo City, Mississippi

The refuge is noted for its large waterfowl populations, resident game, and its numerous sloughs and wetlands.

Private John Allen NFH■■ Established 1901■■ Tupelo, Mississippi

The hatchery has been actively involved with fisheries conservation and restoration for over 100 years.

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125

MISSISSIPPI

St. Catherine Creek■■ Established 1990■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Species■■ Natchez, Mississippi

This 25,000-acre refuge is adjacent to the Mississippi River and experiences seasonal flooding during late winter and early spring. It is noted for wading birds, including wood storks, and shorebirds in summer and fall. Hiking trails are available year-round.

Tallahatchie■■ Established 1991■■ Migratory Birds■■ Holcomb, Mississippi

The refuge attracts large concentrations of waterfowl in the winter and a high diversity of wading birds and shorebirds in the spring, summer, and fall.

Theodore Roosevelt■■ Established 2004■■ Omnibus Bill of 2004 ■■ Rolling Fork, Mississippi

Closed to public

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126

MISSISSIPPI

Yazoo■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Birds■■ Greenville, Mississippi

The refuge is noted for its large waterfowl populations, including significant resident wood duck numbers, and its variety of resident wildlife, comprising a healthy population of American alligators.

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127

MISSOURI

Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge■■ Established 1994■■ Fish and Wildlife Resources■■ Columbia, Missouri

The refuge is a string of habitat pearls in the lower Missouri River Valley that benefits floodplain-dependent fish and wildlife.

Clarence Cannon■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Annada, Missouri

Located along the “mighty” Mississippi River, over 2,200 acres of managed refuge wetlands provide vital habitat for waterfowl, shorebirds, marsh and wading birds, and eagles.

Great River ■■ Established 1958■■ Migratory Birds■■ Annada, Missouri

Located along the “mighty” Mississippi River, the managed wetlands and forests of the refuge are vital to hundreds of species of birds nesting or migrating along this “great” river.

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128

MISSOURI

Loess Bluffs■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Mound City, Missouri

Time is measured at this refuge, located in the Missouri River Basin, by the annual migration of ducks, geese, and bald eagles. Public access to the refuge is restricted to the auto tour route and hiking trails.

Mingo■■ Established 1945■■ Migratory Birds■■ Puxico, Missouri

The refuge is managed to conserve 21,592 acres for migratory waterfowl and native populations of wildlife with 7,730 acres designated as wilderness.

Neosho NFH ■■ Established 1888■■ Neosho, Missouri

The hatchery is the oldest operating national fish hatchery in the U.S.

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129

MISSOURI

Ozark Cavefish■■ Established 1991■■ Endangered Species ■■ Lawrence County, Missouri

This 40-acre refuge provides critical habitat for declining populations of the threatened Ozark cavefish, endangered gray bat, and the brindle cave crayfish. / Closed to public

Pilot Knob■■ Established 1987■■ Critical Habitat ■■ Iron County, Missouri

The refuge is managed to conserve iron mine shafts, which are critical habitat for the federally endangered Indiana bat and gray bat. / Closed to public

Swan Lake■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sumner, Missouri

The refuge wetlands support large numbers of waterfowl in spring and fall. Shorebirds, bald eagles, white pelicans, and white-tailed deer are common sightings.

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130

MONTANA

Benton Lake■■ Established 1929■■ Migratory Birds■■ Great Falls, Montana

Benton Lake WMD■■ Established 1974■■ Migratory Birds■■ Great Falls, Montana

Black Coulee■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Harlem, Montana

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131

MONTANA

Bowdoin■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Birds■■ Malta, Montana

A 15-mile auto tour route takes visitors close to both water units and the native prairie.

Bowdoin WMD■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Malta, Montana

Charles M. Russell■■ Established 1936■■ Resident Wildlife■■ Lewistown, Montana

One million acres of the Missouri River connect with prairie, forest, and riparian wildlands.

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132

MONTANA

Charles M. Russell WMD■■ Established 1979■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lewistown, Montana

Creedman Coulee■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Havre, Montana

Creston NFH■■ Established 1936■■ Creston, Montana

Open to the public, Creston NFH welcomes visitors for a close-up view of the fish production process.

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133

MONTANA

Ennis NFH■■ Established 1931■■ Ennis, Montana

Open to the public, Ennis NFH welcomes visitors for a close-up view of the fish production process.

Grass Lake■■ Established 1942■■ Migratory Birds■■ Rapelje, Montana

Hailstone■■ Established 1942■■ Migratory Birds■■ Rapelje, Montana

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134

MONTANA

Hewitt Lake■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Malta, Montana

Set aside as a protected area for migratory birds and other wildlife, the refuge consists of a small shallow lake, which is dry on occasion.

Lake Mason■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Roundup, Montana

Lake Thibadeau■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Havre, Montana

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135

MONTANA

Lamesteer■■ Established 1942■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Wibaux, Montana

Closed to public

Lee Metcalf■■ Established 1963■■ Migratory Birds■■ Stevensville, Montana

This 2,800-acre refuge manages the majority of Bitterroot Valley wetlands. Stevensville, its headquarters, was the first settlement in Montana and part of the passage Lewis and Clark took through the area.

Lost Trail■■ Established 1999■■ Migratory Birds■■ Marion, Montana

The refuge consists of prairie grassland surrounded by conifer forests and is home to elk and moose. Grizzly bears and wolves live in the area. Hunting opportunities are available.

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136

MONTANA

Medicine Lake■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Medicine Lake, Montana

Part of the prairie pothole region, this refuge supports large flocks of waterfowl during spring and fall migration. Many remain to nest and produce ducklings.

National Bison Range■■ Established 1908■■ Bison■■ Moiese, Montana

The refuge is home to a herd of 370 to 500 bison and other representative wildlife on 18,700 acres of native Palouse prairie.

Ninepipe■■ Established 1921■■ Migratory Birds■■ Charlo, Montana

A Montana Watchable Wildlife Site, the refuge is an excellent area to view waterfowl and other bird species. It also offers beautiful reflections of the local Mission Mountains.

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137

MONTANA

Northeast Montana WMD■■ Established 1968■■ Migratory Birds■■ Medicine Lake, Montana

The district includes 45 Waterfowl Production Areas that are managed for nesting waterfowl and other migratory birds. It encompasses 12,000 acres of glaciated prairie wetlands and grasslands.

Northwest Montana WMD, Flathead■■ Established 1970■■ Waterfowl Production/Wetland Preservation■■ Marion, Montana

Thousands of waterfowl use these wetlands in the spring and fall for feeding and resting during long migratory flights. Open for hunting, fishing, environmental education and wildlife observation—especially photography.

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138

MONTANA

Northwest Montana WMD, Lake■■ Established 1974■■ Waterfowl Production/Wetland Preservation■■ Lake County, Montana

Thousands of waterfowl use these wetlands in the spring and fall for feeding and resting during long migratory flights. Open for hunting, fishing, environmental education and wildlife observation—especially photography.

Northwest Montana WMD■■ Established 1970■■ Migratory Birds■■ Moiese, Montana (southern units)■■ Marion, Montana (northern units)

The district has 14 units consisting of glacier potholes, river, lake shore, and grasslands. It is open for waterfowl hunting.

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139

MONTANA

Pablo■■ Established 1921■■ Migratory Birds■■ Pablo, Montana

The refuge is an excellent area to view waterfowl and other bird species.

Red Rock Lakes■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lakeview, Montana

The largest natural wetland system in the Greater Yellowstone Area, it provides refuge to thousands of migratory birds, including the trumpeter swan, and to native fish and moose.

Rocky Mountain Front Conservation Area■■ Established 2006■■ Protect unique ecosystem■■ Great Falls, Montana

Almost every wildlife species found during the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1806 can be found here now. / Closed to public

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140

MONTANA

Swan River■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Swan Lake, Montana

The refuge lies within a habitat corridor for grizzly bears, in the floodplain of the Swan River, above Swan Lake. It also serves as a sanctuary for migratory birds.

Swan Valley Conservation Area■■ Established 2012■■ Protect coniferous forest ecosystem■■ Great Falls, Montana

In addition to grizzly bears and gray wolves, the conservation area provides habitat for the harlequin duck, loon, grebe, greater sandhill crane and peregrine falcon. / Closed to public

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141

MONTANA

UL Bend■■ Established 1969■■ Migratory Birds■■ Phillips County, Montana

War Horse■■ Established 1959■■ Migratory Birds■■ Winnett, Montana

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142

NEBRASKA

Boyer Chute■■ Established 1996■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ft. Calhoun, Nebraska

Visitors enjoy trails and wildlife viewing.

Crescent Lake■■ Established 1931■■ Migratory Birds and Wildlife■■ Oshkosh, Nebraska

The 45,849-acre refuge and breeding ground for birds and wildlife is largely grasslands dotted with hundreds of permanent, semipermanent, and temporary wetlands.

Fort Niobrara■■ Established 1912■■ Migratory Birds■■ Valentine, Nebraska

The sandhills prairie meets the woodlands of the Niobrara River.

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143

NEBRASKA

John W. and Louise Seier■■ Established 1999 ■■ Benefit Migratory and Resident Wildlife ■■ Rock County, Nebraska

The refuge lies among the sandhills of Nebraska. / Closed to public

North Platte■■ Established 1916 ■■ Native Birds■■ Scottsbluff, Nebraska

The 2,722-acre refuge is a sanctuary and breeding ground for native birds.

Rainwater Basin WMD■■ Established 1963■■ Migratory Birds■■ Kearney, Nebraska

With 61 Waterfowl Productions Areas in 14 counties, this is one of the most important stopover areas for waterfowl. Two to 3 million geese and 7 to 9 million ducks use the area for a few weeks in spring.

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144

NEBRASKA

Valentine■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Valentine, Nebraska

The large expanse of sandhills prairie is home to both prairie chickens and sharp-tailed grouse.

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145

NEVADA

Anaho Island■■ Established 1913■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Anaho Island, Nevada

The refuge is a rocky island that rises from the waters of Pyramid Lake in Washoe County, Nevada. / Closed to public

Ash Meadows■■ Established 1984■■ Endangered Species■■ Amargosa Valley, Nevada

The refuge is a unique desert oasis comprised of thermal springs and wetlands restored for the benefit of species found nowhere else in the world.

Desert■■ Established 1936■■ Endangered Species■■ Las Vegas, Nevada

As the largest refuge in the contiguous United States, it provides and maintains high- quality, intact habitat for desert bighorn sheep.

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146

NEVADA

Fallon■■ Established 1931■■ Migratory Birds■■ Fallon, Nevada

The refuge comprises over 15,000 acres of playa and wetland habitat.

Lahontan NFH■■ Established 1967■■ Gardnerville, Nevada

The hatchery produces Lahontan cutthroat trout.

Moapa Valley■■ Established 1979■■ Endangered Species ■■ Clark County, Nevada

Cooperative conservation efforts are being employed for recovery of the endangered Moapa dace, a small fish found nowhere else in the world. / Closed to public

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147

NEVADA

Pahranagat■■ Established 1963■■ Migratory Birds■■ Alamo, Nevada

Pahranagat, “valley of shining waters,” provides a treasure of natural resources, cultural connections, and habitat for migratory birds, wildlife, and people in the Great Basin Desert.

Ruby Lake■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ruby Valley, Nevada

The refuge lies on the flank of Nevada’s scenic Ruby Mountains. A pristine marsh provides essential habitat for nesting and migrating birds and native wildlife.

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148

NEVADA

Sheldon■■ Established 1931■■ Refuge and Breeding Ground for Wildlife■■ Denio, Nevada

A massive expanse of high desert habitat, the refuge is home to pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and a wide variety of other wildlife.

Stillwater■■ Established 1948■■ Migratory Birds■■ Fallon, Nevada

Diverse wetland habitat on the refuge attracts waterfowl and hundreds of thousands of shorebirds, such as long-billed dowitcher, black-necked stilt, and American avocet.

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149

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Great Bay■■ Established 1992■■ Endangered Species■■ Newington, New Hampshire

Located on a former Air Force base, the refuge provides wintering habitat for bald eagles and black ducks, and wetlands and uplands for migrating and breeding birds.

John Hay■■ Established 1987 ■■ Migratory Birds■■ Newbury, New Hampshire

Recommended as a National Historic Site, the refuge includes the former estate of John Hay. Its habitat consists of undeveloped shoreline along Lake Sunapee.

Lake Umbagog■■ Established 1992■■ Migratory Birds■■ Errol, New Hampshire

A northern forest refuge of New Hampshire and Maine, it provides long-term conservation of important wetland/upland habitats for wildlife, migratory birds, and protected species.

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150

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Nashua NFH■■ Nashua, New Hampshire

The hatchery supports Atlantic salmon and other fish restoration efforts in the Merrimack River and other rivers in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.

Wapack■■ Established 1972■■ Migratory Birds■■ Peterborough, New Hampshire

The refuge is a noted hawk migration area and includes a segment of the 21-mile Wapack Trail.

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151

NEW JERSEY

Cape May■■ Established 1989■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cape May, New Jersey

The refuge’s beach, grasslands, and forested habitat are important to thousands of migrating shorebirds, songbirds, and raptors.

Edwin B. Forsythe■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ Oceanville, New Jersey

Look for spectacular concentrations of migratory waterbirds at the refuge, as they rest and feast in a variety of habitats managed to meet their needs.

Great Swamp■■ Established 1960■■ Migratory Birds■■ Basking Ridge, New Jersey

Swamp woodland, hardwood ridges, cattail marshes, and grassland typify this 7,700-acre refuge.

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152

NEW JERSEY

Supawna Meadows■■ Established 1974 ■■ Migrating Birds■■ Pennsville, New Jersey

Eighty percent of the refuge is brackish tidal marsh, which is important as a foraging site for thousands of wading birds, wintering waterfowl, and migrating shorebirds.

Wallkill River■■ Established 1990■■ Migratory Birds, Biodiversity■■ Sussex, New Jersey

The refuge serves as a rest stop for migrating birds and as breeding habitat for grassland birds, neotropical migrants, and wood ducks.

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153

NEW MEXICO

Bitter Lake■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Roswell, New Mexico

A variety of aquatic habitats provide a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds, endangered species, and other wildlife in the Pecos River Valley.

Bosque del Apache■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ Socorro, New Mexico

The refuge serves as a wintering area for thousands of sandhill cranes, snow geese, and ducks. It is also a migratory stopover for songbirds, shorebirds, and wading birds in spring and fall.

Dexter NFH■■ Established 1931■■ Dexter, New Mexico

Originally established as a facility to raise fish for game, this hatchery now houses and protects endangered fish species.

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154

NEW MEXICO

Grulla■■ Established 1969■■ Migratory Birds■■ Arch, New Mexico

When sufficient water is present, large concentrations of sandhill cranes and a variety of migratory birds can be observed in the large saline lake bed.

Las Vegas■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Las Vegas, New Mexico

The refuge sits at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountain Range and on the edge of the Great Plains.

Maxwell■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Maxwell, New Mexico

The refuge serves as a haven and breeding ground for migratory birds and other resident wildlife.

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155

NEW MEXICO

Mora NFH■■ Mora, New Mexico

The hatchery is dedicated to the restoration and recovery of the endangered Gila trout, a fish found only in the upper headwaters of the Gila River.

San Andres■■ Established 1941■■ Desert Bighorn Sheep ■■ Las Cruces, New Mexico

Beautiful Chihuahuan desert with minimal human disturbance, the refuge has very steep, rocky desert mountain terrain. / Closed to public

Sevilleta■■ Established 1973■■ Habitat Restoration and Preservation■■ Socorro, New Mexico

The refuge is a premier living laboratory for resident wildlife, endangered species, and ecological research.

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156

NEW MEXICO

Valle de Oro ■■ Established 2012■■ Wildlife protection in urban environment■■ Albuquerque, New Mexico

This urban jewel provides nature trails for wildlife observation and photography, environmental education, special events and celebrations. The refuge offers spectacular vistas of the Sandi Mountains, Vulcan volcano tubes and the lush Rio Grande bosque.

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157

NEW YORK

Amagansett■■ Established 1968■■ Migratory Birds■■ Amagansett, New York

The 36-acre refuge on Long Island is of special significance in the protection and management of fragile shore habitat and wildlife. Many rare plants, including several orchids, occur on the refuge.

Conscience Point■■ Established 1971■■ Migratory Birds ■■ North Sea, New York

Due to its coastal location, the refuge is heavily used by migratory songbirds, shorebirds, and raptors. It also supports endangered and threatened species. / Closed to public

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158

NEW YORK

Elizabeth A. Morton■■ Established 1954■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sag Harbor, New York

The refuge boasts exceptionally diverse habitats, including bay beach, a brackish pond, a freshwater pond, kettle holes, tidal flats, salt marsh, freshwater marsh, shrub, grasslands, maritime oak forest, and red cedar.

Iroquois■■ Established 1958■■ Migratory Birds■■ Alabama, New York

The refuge is managed as a resting, nesting, feeding, and staging area for migratory waterfowl.

Montezuma■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Seneca Falls, New York

The refuge is the site of the first bald eagle hacking program. It attracts thousands of waterfowl and waterbirds during migration.

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159

NEW YORK

Oyster Bay■■ Established 1968■■ Migratory Birds■■ Oyster Bay, New York

The refuge consists of high- quality marine habitats that support a variety of aquatic-dependent wildlife.

Seatuck■■ Established 1968■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Islip, New York

Closed to public

The refuge is an oasis for many species of migratory birds and waterfowl, viewable from the highway.

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160

NEW YORK

Shawangunk Grasslands■■ Established 1999■■ Migratory birds and wintering raptors■■ Wallkill, New York

The premier location in southern New York for nesting grassland birds, the refuge is managed for species that require large open grassland habitat to breed, such as the grasshopper and savannah sparrow, the upland sandpiper and the eastern meadowlark. The refuge is open to seasonal deer hunting.

Target Rock■■ Established 1967■■ Migratory Birds■■ Huntington, New York

The refuge’s forests come alive each spring with the arrival of migrating warblers.

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161

NEW YORK

Wertheim■■ Established 1947■■ Migratory Birds■■ Shirley, New York

The refuge supports eight federal and/or New York State protected species and contains one of the last undeveloped estuary systems remaining on Long Island.

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162

NORTH CAROLINA

Alligator River■■ Established 1984■■ Unique Wetland Type, Migratory Birds■■ Manteo, North Carolina

The refuge is known for pocosin wetlands, black bears, paddling trails, a variety of migratory birds, including waterfowl, marsh birds and songbirds, and the re-establishment of the red wolf.

Cedar Island■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cedar Island, North Carolina

Expansive marshes, longleaf pine forests, and sand beaches provide a wide variety of wildlife habitats. A number of species of rail, including the rare black rail, nest on the refuge.

Currituck■■ Established 1984■■ Migratory Birds

The beach, dune, maritime forest, and marsh habitats of the refuge provide a variety of wildlife-oriented recreational opportu-nities, such as birding, surf fishing, and nature photography.

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163

NORTH CAROLINA

Edenton NFH■■ Established 1898■■ Edenton, North Carolina

The hatchery produces warm- water fish species for Virginia, the Carolinas, and the Atlantic Coast. It has a public aquarium, 36 ponds, and a wetland boardwalk.

Mackay Island■■ Established 1960■■ Migratory Birds■■ Knotts Island, North Carolina

One of the largest, contiguous brackish-water marshes in North Carolina supporting a variety of wildlife of the marsh ecosystem.

Mattamuskeet■■ Established 1934■■ Migratory Birds■■ Swan Quarter, North Carolina

The refuge’s main feature is the shallow 40,000-acre Lake Mattamuskeet, the largest natural lake in North Carolina. Over 100,000 waterfowl, including thousands of tundra swans, winter on the refuge.

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164

NORTH CAROLINA

Mountain Bogs ■■ Established 2015■■ Preserve Mountain Bog Habitat■■ Round Oak, Georgia

The refuge conserves one of North America’s rarest habitats – southern Appalachian Mountain bogs. Today only a fraction of the bog acreage remains to support such endangered species as the bog turtle, green pitcher and mountain sweet pitcher plants, swamp pink and bunched arrowhead. / Closed to public

Pea Island■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hatteras Island, North Carolina

Wildlife enthusiasts love this birder’s paradise, especially during the spectacular fall migration. However, Pea Island is for the birds year-round.

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165

NORTH CAROLINA

Pee Dee■■ Established 1963■■ Migratory Birds■■ Wadesboro, North Carolina

The refuge supports a broad range of wildlife species, including over 180 birds, 49 amphibians and reptiles, 28 mammals, and 20 fish.

Pocosin Lakes■■ Established 1990■■ Migratory Birds, Unique Ecosystem■■ Columbia, North Carolina

The refuge provides a rich haven for migratory birds, the recently reintroduced red wolf, and resident wildlife.

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166

NORTH CAROLINA

Roanoke River■■ Established 1989■■ Migratory Birds, Anadromous Fish■■ Corolla, North Carolina■■ Windsor, North Carolina

The refuge is part of a 92,000-acre protected area along the Roanoke River involving varied ownerships. It is home to the largest inland heron rookery in the state, as well as to a diversity of fish species, including anadromous fish.

Swanquarter■■ Established 1932■■ Migratory Birds■■ Swan Quarter, North Carolina

The refuge is comprised of large expanses of marsh and islands in Pamlico Sound. Forester’s, common, and royal tern nest on the islands. A 1,000-ft. pier is available for fishing and wildlife viewing.

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167

NORTH DAKOTA

Why does North Dakota have so many refuges?

The prairie pothole region is incredibly productive as a place for waterfowl nesting.

Each spring, rain fills depressions to create temporary wetlands just long enough for ducks to produce a new brood of ducklings. After the summer, they are ready to migrate south for the winter.

North Dakota’s refuges and production areas are managed to sustain migratory waterfowl. Lots of other resident tallgrass prairie wildlife prosper as a result.

Most of these refuges have no facilities for visitors, as they are closed to public use.

Appert Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Hazelton, North Dakota

Closed to public

Ardoch■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Ardoch, North Dakota

Closed to public

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168

NORTH DAKOTA

Arrowwood■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Pingree, North Dakota

The refuge lies on a main migration corridor in the Central Flyway and is an important stopover for many species of migratory birds.

Arrowwood WMD■■ Established 1961■■ Migratory Birds■■ Pingree, North Dakota

Waterfowl Production Areas offer many opportunities for wildlife observation, hiking, hunting, photography, winter sports, and education and interpretation.

Audubon■■ Established 1956■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Species■■ Coleharbor, North Dakota

The refuge played a large part in the giant Canada goose restoration program. Thousands of waterfowl and shorebirds and hundreds of sandhill cranes pass through the refuge during spring and fall migration.

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169

NORTH DAKOTA

Audubon WMD■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Coleharbor, North Dakota

Located in the prairie pothole region, these grasslands and wetlands in McLean, Ward, and Sheridan counties provide a sanctuary for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

Bone Hill Creek■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Jud, North Dakota

Closed to public

Brumba■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Perth, North Dakota

Closed to public

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170

NORTH DAKOTA

Buffalo Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Umbarger, North Dakota

Closed to public

Camp Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ McLean County, North Dakota

Closed to public

Canfield Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Regan, North Dakota

Closed to public

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171

NORTH DAKOTA

Chase Lake■■ Established 1908■■ Migratory Birds■■ Woodworth, North Dakota

The refuge supports the largest nesting colony of white pelicans in North America.

Chase Lake WMD■■ Established 1960■■ Migratory Birds■■ Woodworth, North Dakota

Over 82,000 wetland and grassland acres are protected in the district.

Cottonwood Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Upham, North Dakota

Closed to public

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172

NORTH DAKOTA

Crosby WMD■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Crosby, North Dakota

The management district is located in a three-county area of northwestern North Dakota and includes 96 Waterfowl Production Areas, covering 19,000 acres.

Dakota Grassland Conservation Area■■ Established 2011■■ Protect wetland and grassland habitat■■ Coleharbor, North Dakota

This area provides opportunities for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to work with private landowners to accelerate conservation of native prairie in the Prairie Pothole region, critical to supporting migratory birds. / Closed to public

Dakota Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Ludden, North Dakota

Closed to public

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173

NORTH DAKOTA

Des Lacs■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Kenmare, North Dakota

French for “of the lakes,” Des Lacs is a 26-mile river valley with three natural lakes.

Devils Lake WMD■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Devils Lake, North Dakota

Located in the heart of the prairie pothole region, the district provides nesting and feeding habitats for waterfowl in spring and summer.

Florence Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ Wing, North Dakota

The refuge attracts significant numbers of waterfowl during the fall migration. It is also an important migratory bird production area.

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174

NORTH DAKOTA

Garrison Dam NFH■■ Established 1957■■ Riverdale, North Dakota

Open to the public, the hatchery welcomes visitors for a close-up view of the fish production process.

Halfway Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Medina, North Dakota

Closed to public

Hiddenwood■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Ryder, North Dakota

Closed to public

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175

NORTH DAKOTA

Hobart Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Valley City, North Dakota

Closed to public

Hutchinson Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Tuttle, North Dakota

Closed to public

J. Clark Salyer■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Upham, North Dakota

This large, diverse refuge is a major production and migration area for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

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176

NORTH DAKOTA

J. Clark Salyer WMD■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Upham, North Dakota

This large district along the Canadian border in north-central North Dakota contains diverse habitat for a wide variety of bird species.

Johnson Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ McHenry, North Dakota

Closed to public

Kellys Slough■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Birds■■ Grand Forks, North Dakota

A short trail system near the main observation platform is the only public access to the refuge.

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177

NORTH DAKOTA

Kulm WMD■■ Established 1971■■ Migratory Birds■■ Kulm, North Dakota

Located in the heart of the prairie pothole region, the district includes part of the Missouri Coteau, an area of extremely high waterfowl production.

Lake Alice■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Starkweather, North Dakota

The refuge is a major waterfowl concentration point during migration, as well as a significant breeding area for wetland wildlife.

Lake George■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Crystal Springs, North Dakota

Closed to public

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178

NORTH DAKOTA

Lake Ilo■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ Dunn Center, North Dakota

Lake Ilo is the centerpiece of this 4,034-acre refuge in Dunn County. Prairie, wetlands, and planted trees attract abundant wildlife, and the lake provides recreational opportunities.

Lake Nettie■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ McLean County, North Dakota

Closed to public

Lake Otis■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds ■■ McLean County, North Dakota

Closed to public

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179

NORTH DAKOTA

Lake Patricia ■■ Established 1939■■ Wetland Preservation/Waterfowl Protection■■ Dunn Center, North Dakota

In the heart of the Prairie Pothole region, this refuge consists of easements on privately owned land. Landowners work with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to provide food, shelter and nesting sites for waterfowl and other birds. / Closed to public

Lake Zahl■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ Zahl, North Dakota

Mixed grass native prairie and semipermanent wetlands are home to both waterfowl and a variety of prairie passerines.

Lambs Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Nelson County, North Dakota

Closed to public

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180

NORTH DAKOTA

Little Goose■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Niagara, North Dakota

Closed to public

Long Lake■■ Established 1932■■ Migratory Birds■■ Moffit, North Dakota

Designated as a Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network Site and a Globally Important Bird Area, the refuge is recognized as one of the nation’s “Top 10” birding hot spots.

Long Lake WMD■■ Established 1958■■ Migratory Birds■■ Moffit, North Dakota

The district encompasses three counties in south-central North Dakota, an area famed for its wealth of waterfowl-producing potholes and native prairie grasslands.

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181

NORTH DAKOTA

Lords Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Rolette, North Dakota

Closed to public

Lost Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ McLean County, North Dakota

Closed to public

Lostwood■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Kenmare, North Dakota

The refuge has some of the best waterfowl production and nesting habitat for piping plover in the lower 48 states.

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182

NORTH DAKOTA

Lostwood WMD■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Kenmare, North Dakota

Maple River■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Ellendale, North Dakota

Some waterfowl production areas on the refuge are open to hunting, wildlife observation, and photography. / Closed to public

McLean■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ McLean County, North Dakota

Closed to public

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183

NORTH DAKOTA

North Dakota WMA■■ Established 2000■■ Prairie preservation■■ Lewiston, North Dakota

This area was established to protect the last remaining blocks of native, mixed-grass prairie in the Cocteau, a hilly area along the Missouri River. / Closed to public

Pleasant Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Pleasant Lake, North Dakota

Closed to public

Pretty Rock■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Grant County, North Dakota

Closed to public

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184

NORTH DAKOTA

Rabb Lake■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Rolette, North Dakota

Closed to public

Rock Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Rock Lake, North Dakota

Closed to public

Rose Lake■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Lakota, North Dakota

Closed to public

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185

NORTH DAKOTA

School Section Lake■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Rolette County, North Dakota

Closed to public

Shell Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Stanley, North Dakota

Closed to public

Sheyenne Lake■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Sheridan County, North Dakota

Closed to public

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186

NORTH DAKOTA

Sibley Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Binford, North Dakota

Closed to public

Silver Lake■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Church’s Ferry, North Dakota

Closed to public

Slade■■ Established 1942■■ Migratory Birds■■ Dawson, North Dakota

The refuge is comprised of 3,000 acres of gently rolling hills dotted with numerous lakes and marshes formed by glacial action.

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187

NORTH DAKOTA

Snyder Lake■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Egeland, North Dakota

Closed to public

Springwater■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Linton, North Dakota

Closed to public

Stewart Lake■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Slope County, North Dakota

Closed to public

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188

NORTH DAKOTA

Stoney Slough■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Litchville, North Dakota

Closed to public

Storm Lake■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Milnor, North Dakota

Closed to public

Stump Lake■■ Established 1905■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Tolna, North Dakota

Closed to public

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189

NORTH DAKOTA

Sullys Hill National Game Preserve■■ Established 1921■■ Big Game, Migratory Birds■■ Fort Totten, North Dakota

Forest scenery, bison, elk, deer, numerous birds, and a prairie dog observation tower are the top attractions at the refuge.

Sunburst Lake■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Linton, North Dakota

Closed to public

Tewaukon■■ Established 1945■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cayuga, North Dakota

Located in the prairie pothole region, the refuge is noted for production of waterfowl.

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190

NORTH DAKOTA

Tewaukon WMD■■ Established 1960■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ransom, Richland, and Sargent Counties, North Dakota

Tomahawk■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Rogers, North Dakota

Closed to public

Upper Souris■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Foxholm, North Dakota

The refuge is an excellent example of northern mixed grass prairie and riparian landscapes with species characteristic of an Upper Midwest glaciated river valley.

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191

NORTH DAKOTA

Valley City NFH■■ Established 1938■■ Valley City, North Dakota

Fish reared at this hatchery are used as stock for the Missouri River Dam development project, national wildlife refuges, Indian waters, and the state programs of North Dakota.

Valley City WMD■■ Established 1971■■ Migratory Birds■■ Valley City, North Dakota

The Sheyenne River Valley offers a unique wildlife observation opportunity.

White Lake■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Slope County, North Dakota

Closed to public

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192

NORTH DAKOTA

Wild Rice Lake■■ Established 1945■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Cayuga, North Dakota

Closed to public

Willow Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Dunseith, North Dakota

Closed to public

Wintering River■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds ■■ McHenry County, North Dakota

Closed to public

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193

NORTH DAKOTA

Wood Lake■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Tokio, North Dakota

Closed to public

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194

OHIO

Cedar Point■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Oregon, Ohio

The refuge’s 2000-acre marsh provides a resting spot for thousands of migrating waterfowl each year. Most of the refuge is closed to the public; however, a fishing area is open from June–August.

Ottawa■■ Established 1961■■ Migratory Birds■■ Oak Harbor, Ohio

The refuge provides many wildlife viewing opportunities, including bald eagles, migratory songbirds, shorebirds, and waterfowl.

West Sister Island■■ Established 1937■■ Heron Rookery ■■ Lake Erie, Ohio

This 83-acre island is a wilderness area and the site of the largest colonial wading bird colony in the U.S. Great Lakes. / Closed to public

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195

OKLAHOMA

Deep Fork■■ Established 1993■■ Migratory Birds, Bottomland Hardwoods■■ Okmulgee, Oklahoma

The refuge protects bottomland hardwood forest and emergent wetland habitat along the Deep Fork River.

Little River■■ Established 1987■■ Migratory Birds■■ Broken Bow, Oklahoma

The refuge protects and preserves the largest remaining tract of bottomland hardwood forest habitat in the state, which supports migratory waterfowl and resident wildlife.

Optima■■ Established 1975■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hardesty, Oklahoma

The refuge provides important breeding and nesting habitat for a variety of neotropical songbirds and raptors.

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196

OKLAHOMA

Ozark Plateau■■ Established 1985■■ Endangered Species ■■ Vian, Oklahoma

The refuge was established to protect and aid in the recovery of federally listed endangered and threatened Ozark cave-dwelling species and to protect stands of Ozark forest essential to migratory birds. / Closed to public

Salt Plains■■ Established 1930■■ Migratory Birds■■ Jet, Oklahoma

The selenite crystal, with its unique hourglass formation, is found only at Salt Plains, drawing visitors from around the world to unearth their own treasure.

Sequoyah■■ Established 1970■■ Migratory Birds■■ Vian, Oklahoma

The refuge provides wintering habitat for thousands of ducks and geese and is a favorite destination for hunting, fishing, and birdwatching enthusiasts.

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197

OKLAHOMA

Tishomingo■■ Established 1946■■ Migratory Birds■■ Tishomingo, Oklahoma

Autumn offers views of the southbound flights of migratory birds, as well as the spectacle of migrating monarch butterflies that cling to the willows near Cumberland Pool on their way to wintering grounds in Mexico.

Tishomingo NFH■■ Tishomingo, Oklahoma

The hatchery works toward evaluating and restoring important fishery resources, including paddlefish, alligator gar, and leopard darter.

Washita■■ Established 1961■■ Migratory Birds■■ Butler, Oklahoma

In addition to abundant resident wildlife, up to 100,000 migratory geese winter at the refuge.

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198

OKLAHOMA

Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge■■ Established 1901■■ Wildlife Conservation■■ Indiahoma, Oklahoma

Free-roaming bison, elk, longhorn, deer, and turkey inhabit this grassland prairie ecosystem.

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199

OREGON

Ankeny■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Jefferson, Oregon

The refuge provides high-quality wintering habitat for Canada geese and other waterfowl.

Bandon Marsh■■ Established 1981■■ Migratory Birds■■ Bandon, Oregon

This refuge protects mudflats, forested wetlands, and salt marsh along the Coquille River estuary and is important to migratory shorebirds, waterfowl, amphibians, and anadromous fish.

Baskett Slough■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Dallas, Oregon

Large concentrations of geese, swans, and ducks spend winter on this refuge, located in Oregon’s Willamette Valley.

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200

OREGON

Bear Valley■■ Established 1978■■ Endangered Species■■ Klamath County, Oregon

Up to 300 bald eagles use the refuge as a night roost in winter.

Cape Meares■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Newport, Oregon

This 138-acre headland protects old growth Sitka spruce and western hemlock forest. Accessible observation decks provide views of whales, seabirds, peregrine falcons, and bald eagles.

Cold Springs■■ Established 1909■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hermiston, Oregon

The 3,117-acre refuge with its tree-lined reservoir and mix of habitats serves as an important wintering area for migratory waterfowl.

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201

OREGON

Eagle Creek NFH■■ Established 1956■■ Estacada, Oregon

The hatchery rears and releases anadromous salmon to support commercial, sport, ocean, and river fisheries and to restore salmonids in watersheds in which they have become extinct.

Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge■■ Established 1936■■ Pronghorn Antelope■■ Plush, Oregon

The steep mountain face of the refuge is home to bighorn sheep, while the gently sloped eastern portions are favored by pronghorn antelope and sage grouse.

Klamath Marsh■■ Established 1958■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sand Creek, Oregon

The refuge preserves natural marsh for breeding and migratory waterbirds.

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202

OREGON

Malheur■■ Established 1908■■ Native Bird Preservation and Breeding Grounds■■ Princeton, Oregon

An oasis in the desert, the refuge is famous for its tremendous diversity and spectacular concentrations of wildlife.

McKay Creek■■ Established 1927■■ Migratory Birds■■ Pendleton, Oregon

The refuge is a large reservoir at the foot of the Blue Mountains in arid northeastern Oregon.

Nestucca Bay■■ Established 1991■■ Endangered Species, Migratory Birds ■■ Pacific City, Oregon

The managed pastures, wooded uplands, salt marsh, wetlands, and sphagnum bogs are important to wintering Aleutian cackling geese, dusky Canada geese, juvenile salmonids, and amphibians. / Closed to public

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203

OREGON

Oregon Islands■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Newport, Oregon

Comprised of 1,853 rocks and islands and two headlands, this refuge and wilderness area protects habitat for 13 seabird species and four pinniped species. / Closed to public (Wildlife viewing at Coquille Point)

Siletz Bay■■ Established 1991■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Lincoln City, Oregon

The estuarine refuge protects salt marsh, tidal sloughs, mudflats, and coniferous forest for shorebirds, waterfowl, and anadromous fish. / Closed to public

Three Arch Rocks■■ Established 1907■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Oceanside, Oregon

The oldest refuge west of the Mississippi supports breeding populations of threatened Steller sea lions and Oregon’s largest nesting colonies of tufted puffins and common murres. The refuge can be viewed from Cape Meares Refuge or Oceanside State Park. / Closed to public

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204

OREGON

Tualatin River■■ Established 1992■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sherwood, Oregon

The refuge preserves, protects, and restores floodplain habitats within the metropolitan area of Portland. Look for migratory waterfowl in winter and migratory songbirds in spring.

Umatilla■■ Established 1969■■ Habitat Mitigation■■ Umatilla, Oregon

A large mule deer herd and concentrations of wintering waterfowl are found on the refuge.

Upper Klamath■■ Established 1928■■ Migratory Birds■■ Klamath Falls, Oregon

The refuge maintains natural habitats for marsh breeding and migratory birds.

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205

OREGON

Wapato Lake ■■ Established 2013■■ Protect/Restore Lake and Marsh Habitat■■ Sherwood, Oregon

Hundreds of tundra swans visit Wapato Lake in the winter. Swallows, bats and hawks race through the summer air. / Closed to public

Warm Springs NFH■■ Established 1966■■ Warm Springs, Oregon

The hatchery programs include stocking and monitoring Chinook salmon.

William L. Finley■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Corvallis, Oregon

The refuge is restoring native oak savanna and wet prairie habitats.

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206

PENNSYLVANIA

Allegheny NFH■■ Warren, Pennsylvania

Cherry Valley ■■ Established 2010■■ Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania

The Cherry Creek valley in northeastern Pennsylvania is rich in natural resources and wildlife diversity. Friends of Cherry Valley advocated for the establishment of the refuge and now host an annual Cherry Valley Day. The refuge is open for hiking, hunting and wildlife observation.

Erie■■ Established 1959■■ Migratory Birds■■ Guys Mills, Pennsylvania

Over 230 species of birds, 47 species of mammals, and 37 species of amphibians and reptiles are found on the refuge.

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207

PENNSYLVANIA

John Heinz at Tinicum■■ Established 1972■■ Migratory Birds■■ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Environmental education is a major focus for the urban refuge.

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208

PUERTO RICO & THE VIRGIN ISLANDS

Buck Island■■ Established 1969■■ Migratory Birds■■ St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

The refuge is characterized by a thorn scrub habitat with rocky coastline. The waters surrounding it contain reefs and a shipwreck that attract large numbers of snorkelers, divers, and boaters.

Cabo Rojo■■ Established 1974■■ Migratory Birds■■ Boqueron, Puerto Rico

Birders may observe endangered yellow-shouldered blackbirds and several tropical species.

Culebra■■ Established 1909■■ Migratory Birds■■ Culebra Island, Puerto Rico

Thirteen species of seabirds, numbering more than 50,000, find their way to the refuge every year to breed and care for their young. Three species of sea turtles use the waters surrounding the island and nest on refuge beaches.

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Desecheo■■ Established 1976■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Desecheo Island, Puerto Rico

Closed to public

Green Cay■■ Established 1977■■ Endangered Species■■ St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

The 14-acre refuge was established to protect the natural population of the endangered St. Croix ground lizard, as well as to preserve bird nesting habitat.

Laguna Cartagena■■ Established 1989■■ Migratory Birds■■ Boqueron, Puerto Rico

The refuge is an important freshwater habitat for migrating and aquatic birds in Puerto Rico.

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Navassa Island■■ Established 1999■■ Coral Reef Ecosystems, Marine Environment ■■ Navassa Island

Closed to public

Sandy Point■■ Established 1984■■ Migratory Birds■■ St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

Sandy beach, deep nearshore water, and lack of fringing reef provide ideal conditions and nesting habitat for leatherback sea turtles.

Vieques■■ Established 2001(West), 2003 (East) ■■ Wildlife, Endangered Species■■ Vieques Island, Puerto Rico

Hot sands along its undeveloped beaches make the refuge an ideal nesting site for leatherback, hawksbill, and green sea turtles.

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211

RHODE ISLAND

Block Island■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Block Island, Rhode Island

The refuge is most noted for the more than 70 species of migratory songbirds that visit the area each fall. Located in the Atlantic Flyway, it is a stopover for many young, inexperienced songbirds that “overfly” the mainland on their migration south.

John H. Chafee at Pettaquamscutt Cove■■ Established 1988■■ Migratory Birds■■ Narragansett/South Kingstown, Rhode Island

The 317-acre refuge provides habitat for the largest black duck population in the state. It contains expansive saltmarsh habitats and adjacent uplands.

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212

RHODE ISLAND

Ninigret■■ Established 1970■■ Migratory Birds■■ Charlestown, Rhode Island

From salt marshes, kettle ponds, freshwater wetlands, maritime shrublands, and forests dominated by oak or maple, habitat is varied and plentiful.

Sachuest Point■■ Established 1970■■ Migratory Birds■■ Middletown, Rhode Island

The refuge is known for its fantastic saltwater fishing and the presence of the largest winter population of harlequin ducks on the East Coast.

Trustom Pond■■ Established 1974■■ Migratory Birds■■ South Kingstown, Rhode Island

The refuge protects Rhode Island’s only undeveloped salt pond. It also serves as home to the threatened piping plover and several other rare species, including osprey, least terns, and the state’s only population of Fowler’s toad.

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213

SOUTH CAROLINA

Bears Bluff NFH■■ Established 1981■■ Wadmalaw Island, South Carolina

Located on the banks of the N. Edisto River, the hatchery tank-cultures the endangered shortnose sturgeon for research purposes and pond-raises red drum for stock enhancement.

Cape Romain■■ Established 1932■■ Migratory Birds■■ Awendaw, South Carolina

By furnishing habitat for a great variety of birds and other wildlife, the refuge has become one of the most important wildlife areas on the Atlantic Coast.

Carolina Sandhills■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ McBee, South Carolina

Visitors to the refuge may observe some of the 100+ family groups of endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers.

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214

SOUTH CAROLINA

Ernest F. Hollings ACE Basin■■ Established 1990■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hollywood, South Carolina

Located at the confluence of the Ashepoo, Combahee, and Edisto Rivers, the refuge encompasses 12,000 acres of managed wetlands, bottomland hardwoods, and upland forests.

Orangeburg NFH■■ Established 1911■■ Orangeburg, South Carolina

The hatchery raises between 3 to 4 million striped bass yearly.

Pinckney Island■■ Established 1975■■ Migratory Birds■■ Pinckney Island, South Carolina

A trail network enhances wildlife observation for hikers and bicyclers.

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215

SOUTH CAROLINA

Santee■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Summerton, South Carolina

Although established for migratory waterfowl, the refuge also provides habitat for a variety of other migratory and native species.

Tybee■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Oyster Bed Island, South Carolina

Closed to public

Waccamaw■■ Established 1997■■ Migratory Birds■■ Georgetown, South Carolina

Visitors can see historic rice fields along with other wetland habitats, including blackwater forested wetlands and tidal freshwater wetlands.

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216

SOUTH DAKOTA

Bear Butte ■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory birds■■ Sturgis, South Dakota

The region is sacred to Native Americans of the plains. Bear Butte was an important landmark and religious site for plains Indian tribes, who call the butte Mato Paha, or Bear Mountain. Bear Butte Lake is on the refuge; the butte itself is not. A trail to the summit is in Bear Butte State Park.

Dakota Tallgrass Prairie WMA■■ Established 2000■■ Habitat Protection ■■ Waubay, South Dakota

This management area is a network of perpetual easements preserving high-quality tallgrass prairie habitat and its associated wildlife throughout 32 counties in eastern North and South Dakota. / Closed to public

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217

SOUTH DAKOTA

D.C. Booth Historic NFH■■ Established 1896■■ Spearfish, South Dakota

The hatchery is one of the oldest operating hatcheries in the country dedicated to fish culture and resource management. The Von Bayer Museum of Fish Culture is located at the hatchery.

Gavins Point NFH■■ Established 1961■■ Yankton, South Dakota

The hatchery raises cold, cool, and warm water fish, as well as paddlefish and endangered pallid sturgeon.

Huron WMD■■ Established 1992■■ Migratory Birds■■ Huron, South Dakota

Sixty-two tracts of land are managed as waterfowl production areas in this 8-county district.

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218

SOUTH DAKOTA

Karl E. Mundt■■ Established 1975■■ Endangered Species ■■ Lake Andes, South Dakota

The refuge protects wintering and nesting bald eagles and rare Missouri River bottomland habitat. / Closed to public

Lacreek■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Martin, South Dakota

Wetlands and meadows at the base of the sandhills provide abundant habitat for migratory and resident species.

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219

SOUTH DAKOTA

Lacreek WMD■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory birds■■ Martin, South Dakota

Thousands of ducks and geese migrate through the refuge during spring and fall, along with trumpeter swans, whooping cranes, bald eagles and other raptors. In late spring/summer, it is possible to view a white pelican breeding colony along the Pelican Island Trail. There is also an auto tour route, fishing and hunting.

Lake Andes■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lake Andes, South Dakota

The refuge supports a very high density of nesting ducks and a broad spectrum of wildlife found in the prairie pothole region of North America.

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220

SOUTH DAKOTA

Lake Andes WMD■■ Established 1963■■ Migratory Birds■■ Lake Andes, South Dakota

The wetland management district protects land for hunting and wildlife observation as well as habitat important to our nation’s waterfowl population.

Madison WMD■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Madison, South Dakota

The district is managed to benefit endangered species, migratory birds, and other wildlife.

Sand Lake■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Columbia, South Dakota

The refuge has 21,498 acres of prime wildlife habitat, including open lakes and wetlands, grasslands, woodlands, and croplands.

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221

SOUTH DAKOTA

Sand Lake WMD■■ Established 1961■■ Migratory Birds■■ Columbia, South Dakota

This district is the largest Wetland Management District in the country, comprised of 162 waterfowl production areas totaling 45,000 acres.

Waubay■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Waubay, South Dakota

The central location of the refuge within North America gives visitors the chance to see a mix of eastern, western, northern, and southern species.

Waubay WMD■■ Established 1959■■ Migratory Birds■■ Waubay, South Dakota

Located within six counties in northeastern South Dakota, the district includes more than 300 waterfowl production areas.

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222

TENNESSEE

Chickasaw■■ Established 1985■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ripley, Tennessee

The refuge provides habitat for migratory birds and resident wildlife in western Tennessee.

Cross Creeks■■ Established 1962■■ Migratory Birds■■ Dover, Tennessee

Lying along the Cumberland River, the refuge supports 650 species of plants and 480 species of birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians.

Dale Hollow NFH■■ Established 1965■■ Celina, Tennessee

The hatchery produces rainbow, brown, lake, and brook trout for mitigation of federal water development projects constructed in Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama.

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223

TENNESSEE

Erwin National NFH■■ Established 1894■■ Erwin, Tennessee

The hatchery produces 10 million disease-free eggs annually for federal, state, and tribal hatcheries to support their fishery management efforts.

Hatchie■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Brownsville, Tennessee

The refuge preserves 9,400 acres of bottomland hardwoods along the scenic Hatchie River.

Lake Isom■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Union City, Tennessee

Bountiful waterfowl and fishery resources make the lake a haven for both nesting and wintering bald eagles.

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224

TENNESSEE

Lower Hatchie ■■ Established 1980■■ Migratory Birds■■ Henning, Tennessee

Wildlife and fisheries thrive in the refuge’s almost pristine watershed ecosystems.

Reelfoot■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Union City, Tennessee

The Canada goose, an abundant winter visitor to the refuge, normally reaches populations of 50,000–100,000 during January.

Tennessee■■ Established 1945■■ Migratory Birds■■ Paris, Tennessee

Superimposed on the lands and waters of Kentucky Lake, the refuge is a TVA impoundment.

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225

TEXAS

Anahuac■■ Established 1963■■ Migratory Birds■■ Anahuac, Texas

Bordering East Bay on the upper Texas coast, the refuge contains important coastal wetland, prairie, and woodland habitats for a diversity of wildlife.

Aransas■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Austwell, Texas

The refuge’s 115,670 acres of habitat for native and endangered species provide a winter home for the only natural wild flock of endangered whooping cranes.

Attwater Prairie Chicken■■ Established 1972■■ Endangered Species■■ Eagle Lake, Texas

The refuge is home to one of the last populations of the critically endangered Attwater’s prairie chicken.

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226

TEXAS

Balcones Canyonlands■■ Established 1992■■ Endangered Species ■■ Marble Falls, Texas

The refuge is home to two endangered songbirds. The golden-cheeked warbler, a true Texas native, nests only in central Texas.

Big Boggy■■ Established 1983■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Brazoria, Texas

The coastal marsh refuge provides habitat for migratory waterbirds. / Closed to public

Brazoria■■ Established 1966■■ Migratory Birds■■ Brazoria, Texas

The refuge’s 5,000 acres of native bluestem prairie represent some of the last coastal prairie in Texas.

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227

TEXAS

Buffalo Lake■■ Established 1959■■ Migratory Birds■■ Umbarger, Texas

In the spring and fall, both western and eastern bird species pass through the refuge. With over 350 species on the bird list, an exciting observation is always possible.

Caddo Lake■■ Established 2004■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Karnack, Texas

The refuge contains high-quality forested communities and wetlands of international importance, which provide habitat for an abundance of resident and migratory wildlife. / Closed to public

Hagerman■■ Established 1946■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sherman, Texas

A birdwatcher’s paradise, the refuge is a resting place for migrating waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and white pelicans.

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228

TEXAS

Inks Dam NFH■■ Burnet, Texas

The hatchery plays a pivotal role in restoring Gulf Coast striped bass and paddlefish.

Laguna Atascosa■■ Established 1946■■ Migratory Birds■■ Rio Hondo, Texas

The refuge has the only known breeding population of endangered ocelots in the U.S., the highest number of recorded bird species of all national wildlife refuges, and is a popular site for viewing butterflies, with many uncommon to rare species seen each season.

Little Sandy■■ Established 1986■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Wood County, Texas

The refuge contains the best pristine old-growth bottomland hardwood forest in the state of Texas. / Closed to public

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229

TEXAS

Lower Rio Grande Valley■■ Established 1979■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Species■■ Alamo, Texas

The refuge protects biodiversity along the most southern stretch of the Rio Grande.

Matagorda Island■■ Established 1971■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Species■■ Matagorda Island, Texas

McFaddin■■ Established 1980■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sabine Pass, Texas

Located along the Gulf of Mexico, the refuge provides wintering habitat for thousands of ducks and geese.

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230

TEXAS

Moody■■ Established 1961■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Anahuac, Texas

Closed to public

Muleshoe■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory Birds■■ Muleshoe, Texas

As the oldest refuge in Texas, its native shortgrass prairie is representative of pre-agricultural development.

Neches River■■ Established 2006■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Palestine, Texas

The biologically diverse bottomland hardwood forest provides important habitat for migratory birds and resident wildlife species. / Closed to public

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231

TEXAS

San Bernard■■ Established 1968■■ Migratory Birds■■ Brazoria, Texas

Coastal marsh and bottomland hardwoods provide habitat for 29 million migratory neotropical songbirds.

San Marcos NFH■■ San Marcos, Texas

The hatchery works to raise endangered species, such as the fountain darter, Texas wild rice, and two species of salamanders.

Santa Ana■■ Established 1943■■ Migratory Birds■■ Alamo, Texas

The refuge is a world-class destination for birders and butterfly enthusiasts who come to view the last vestige of natural riparian habitat in deep South Texas.

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232

TEXAS

Texas Point■■ Established 1979■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sabine Pass, Texas

The refuge provides wintering habitat for thousands of waterfowl and stopover habitat for migrating songbirds.

Trinity River■■ Established 1994■■ Migratory Birds■■ Liberty, Texas

Situated along the lower Trinity River, this bottomland hardwood refuge is used during migration or nesting by nearly 50 percent of the neotropical migratory bird species.

Uvalde NFH■■ Uvalde, Texas

With reconstruction of the hatchery, new technology is now in place for raising endangered species like the Devils River minnow.

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233

UTAH

Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge■■ Established 1928■■ Migratory Birds■■ Brigham City, Utah

The refuge hosts some of the country’s largest breeding colonies of American avocet and white-faced ibis. Fifty thousand tundra swans stage here in the fall.

Fish Springs■■ Established 1959■■ Migratory Birds■■ Dugway, Utah

276 species have been observed here. The refuge is a reintroduction site for the threatened least chub.

Jones Hole NFH■■ Established 1956■■ Vernal, Utah

The hatchery provides management and production of rainbow, brown, and brook trout for the Upper Colorado River system.

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234

UTAH

Ouray NFH■■ Established 1996■■ Vernal, Utah

Located on the Ouray NWR, the hatchery’s primary emphasis is to assist in the recovery of four endangered Colorado River fish.

Ouray■■ Established 1960■■ Migratory Birds■■ Vernal, Utah

A scenic and diverse desert refuge, it provides habitat for 14 species of waterfowl, songbirds, deer, pronghorn, and two endangered fish species.

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235

VERMONT

Missisquoi■■ Established 1943■■ Migratory Birds■■ Swanton, Vermont

The refuge provides important feeding, resting, and breeding habitat for migratory birds, especially waterfowl, in the northern Lake Champlain section of the Atlantic Flyway.

Pittsford NFH■■ Established 1906■■ North Chittenden, Vermont

The hatchery rears and restocks species such as Atlantic salmon, lake trout, and lake sturgeon.

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236

VERMONT

Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge (Nulhegan Basin Division)■■ Established 1999■■ Protect and Enhance Diversity of Connecticut River Watershed■■ Island Pond, Vermont

Several tracts of land for this refuge are located in Vermont, including 26,000 acres in Essex County.

White River NFH■■ Dedicated 1984■■ Bethel, Vermont

The hatchery has a visitor center with displays dramatizing its work in restoring the once-thriving Atlantic salmon to its natural habitat.

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237

VIRGINIA

Back Bay■■ Established 1938■■ Migratory Birds■■ Virginia Beach, Virginia

Situated around a coastal barrier-type spit, the refuge serves as a wintering area for migratory birds.

Chincoteague■■ Established 1943■■ Migratory Birds■■ Chincoteague, Virginia

The refuge provides habitat for over 300 species of birds as well as other native plants and animals associated with a barrier island ecosystem.

Eastern Shore of Virginia■■ Established 1984■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cape Charles, Virginia

Thousands of hawks and songbirds migrate through the refuge.

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238

VIRGINIA

Elizabeth Hartwell Mason Neck■■ Established 1969■■ Endangered Species■■ Lorton, Virginia

This was the first refuge established for the protection of the then-endangered bald eagle.

Featherstone■■ Established 1979■■ Wetland Protection ■■ Woodbridge, Virginia

Closed to public

The refuge is closed but can be viewed from Occoquan Bay NWR.

Fisherman Island■■ Established 1969■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Fisherman Island, Virginia

Closed to public

Terns, pelicans, osprey, peregrine falcons, and other species nest on the island refuge. It is also a major stopover for fall migrants.

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239

VIRGINIA

Great Dismal Swamp■■ Established 1974■■ Protect/Preserve Unique Ecosystem■■ Suffolk, Virginia

Altered by people over the past two centuries, the refuge’s forested wetlands are managed to restore the diversity that once existed here.

Harrison Lake NFH■■ Established 1935■■ Migratory fish■■ Charles City, Virginia

Aquaculture typically takes place inside buildings, but outside there are opportunities for fishing, boating, hiking, wildlife-watching and picnicking.

James River■■ Established 1991■■ Endangered Species■■ Prince George, Virginia

The refuge encompasses 4,200 acres of forest and wetland habitats along the James River.

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240

VIRGINIA

Nansemond■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Suffolk County, Virginia

Closed to public

Occoquan Bay■■ Established 1973■■ Migratory Birds■■ Woodbridge, Virginia

Acquired from the Army, the refuge is managed to provide grassland and tidal marsh habitat for migratory birds.

Plum Tree Island■■ Established 1972■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Poquoson, Virginia

The refuge is a former bombing range. / Closed to public

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241

VIRGINIA

Presquile■■ Established 1953■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hopewell, Virginia

This 1,329-acre island in the James River is an important component in the network of refuges on and around Chesapeake Bay, the nation’s largest estuary.

Rappahannock River Valley■■ Established 1996■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Species■■ Warsaw, Virginia

The refuge is Virginia’s largest wintering roost for bald eagles. Shorebirds, songbirds, raptors, and marsh birds rely on the refuge’s habitat during spring and fall migration.

Wallops Island■■ Established 1971■■ Migratory Birds■■ Wattsville, Virginia

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242

WASHINGTON

Carson NFH■■ Established 1937■■ Carson, Washington

The hatchery rears spring Chinook salmon to help the species’ recovery in the lower Columbia River.

Columbia■■ Established 1944■■ Migratory Birds■■ Othello, Washington

Located in the famous Channeled Scablands, the refuge provides spring migration stopover to 15,000 sandhill cranes and wintering habitat to over 100,000 waterfowl.

Conboy Lake■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Glenwood, Washington

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243

WASHINGTON

Copalis■■ Established 1907■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Grays Harbor County, Washington

This string of rocks and islands is important for nesting colonial seabirds. Wildlife may be seen from nearby beaches. / Closed to public

Dungeness■■ Established 1915■■ Migratory Birds■■ Sequim, Washington

Nutrient-rich waters and tideflats support extensive eelgrass beds, feeding and resting areas for waterfowl, shorebirds, and seabirds.

Entiat NFH■■ Established 1938■■ Entiat, Washington

Rainbow trout and Chinook salmon are reared at the hatchery.

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244

WASHINGTON

Flattery Rocks■■ Established 1907■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Clallam County, Washington

Closed to public

This string of rocks and islands is important for nesting colonial birds. Wildlife may be seen from nearby beaches.

Franz Lake■■ Established 1990■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Skamania, Washington

The refuge provides one of the few remaining off-channel wetlands along the Columbia River and offers wapato as food for wintering tundra swans. The refuge may be viewed from an overlook located along State Highway 14.

Grays Harbor■■ Established 1990■■ Migratory Birds■■ Hoquiam, Washington

Up to half a million shorebirds feed and rest on refuge mudflats during spring migration.

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245

WASHINGTON

Hanford Reach National Monument/Saddle Mountain■■ Established 1971■■ Monument 2000, Habitat Protection■■ Richland, Washington

The monument/refuge protects the last of the free-flowing Columbia River and the remaining shrub-steppe habitat and its dependent wildlife species.

Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-tailed Deer■■ Established 1972■■ Endangered Species■■ Cathlamet, Washington

The refuge protects the Lower Columbia River population of Columbian white-tailed deer, an endangered species found only along this river and the Umpqua River.

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246

WASHINGTON

Leavenworth NFH■■ Established 1938■■ Leavenworth, Washington

The hatchery is helping reestablish spring Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead trout populations in the Columbia River.

Lewis and Clark ■■ Established 1972■■ Protect Fish Habitat■■ Cathlamet, Washington

Modern day explorers visit this refuge to experience its wilderness, enjoying a landscape and wildlife little changed since Meriwether Lewis and William Clark visited more than 200 years ago. Wild salmon, Sitka spruce and migratory birds thrive here. Boating, fishing, hunting and hiking are available.

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WASHINGTON

Little Pend Oreille■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ Colville, Washington

Located on the west slope of the Selkirk Mountain Range, the refuge is the only mountainous, mixed-conifer forest refuge in the contiguous United States.

Little White Salmon NFH■■ Established 1896■■ Cook, Washington

In an underwater viewing area, Chinook and coho salmon can be seen spawning in the river below the hatchery.

Makah NFH■■ Established 1976■■ Neah Bay, Washington

The hatchery raises Chinook and coho salmon and steelhead, successfully restoring runs depleted by environmental changes and overfishing.

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248

WASHINGTON

McNary■■ Established 1956■■ Migratory Birds■■ Burbank, Washington

Located near the confluence of the Columbia and Snake Rivers, the refuge habitat includes impounded wetlands, islands, cropland, and shrub-steppe grasslands.

Nisqually■■ Established 1974■■ Migratory Birds■■ Olympia, Washington

Located at the mouth of the Nisqually River, the refuge protects the Nisqually Delta estuary where the river meets Puget Sound. It provides important habitat for wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, waterbirds, and salmonids.

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249

WASHINGTON

Pierce■■ Established 1983■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Stevenson, Washington

The refuge protects and manages freshwater wetlands, riparian forest, oak and oak-conifer woodlands, and grasslands. It can be viewed from adjacent Beacon Rock State Park or the trails of the City of North Bonneville, Washington. / Closed to public

Protection Island■■ Established 1988■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Jefferson County, Washington

The refuge protects nesting habitat for the majority of the seabird population of Puget Sound. Private boat tours around the island are available from nearby marinas. / Closed to public

Quilcene NFH■■ Established 1909■■ Quilcene, Washington

The hatchery raises coho salmon for release and provides coho salmon eggs and fingerlings for tribal programs.

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250

WASHINGTON

Quinault NFH■■ Established 1964■■ Humptulips, Washington

One of the few fish hatcheries to rear four species of fish, coho salmon, fall Chinook salmon, chum salmon, and winter-run steelhead.

Quillayute Needles■■ Established 1907■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Jefferson County, Washington

This string of rocks and islands is important for nesting colonial birds. Wildlife may be seen from nearby beaches. / Closed to public

Ridgefield■■ Established 1965■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ridgefield, Washington

The refuge offers excellent opportunities for wildlife observation, photography, natural/cultural resource interpretation, and waterfowl hunting.

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251

WASHINGTON

Saddle Mountain ■■ Established 1971■■ Protect Riparian and Shrub-steppe Habitat■■ Burbank, Washington

This refuge is part of the Hanford Reach National Monument. The western half of the Wahluke Unit (Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge) is currently closed to general public access. The eastern half is open to public use year-round for boating, fishing, hunting and hiking.

San Juan Islands■■ Established 1914■■ Migratory Birds■■ San Juan County, Washington

Eighty-three rocks, reefs, and islands within the San Juan Island archipelago support marine mammals and nesting seabirds.

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252

WASHINGTON

Spring Creek NFH■■ Established 1901■■ Underwood, Washington

The hatchery raises more than 15 million tule fall Chinook salmon annually.

Steigerwald Lake■■ Established 1987■■ Mitigation for Second Powerhouse at Bonneville Dam/Columbia River■■ Washougal, Washington

The refuge protects and manages Steigerwald Lake and associated wetlands, riparian forest, pasture, and oak forest.

Toppenish■■ Established 1964■■ Migratory Birds■■ Toppenish, Washington

The 1,978-acre refuge is an important resting and feeding area for waterfowl and other migratory birds.

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253

WASHINGTON

Turnbull■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Cheney, Washington

Located in the Channeled Scablands of eastern Washington, the refuge provides unique habitat for waterfowl, other migratory birds, coyotes, deer, elk, and moose.

Willapa■■ Established 1937■■ Migratory Birds■■ Ilwaco, Washington

The refuge protects vital tidelands, salmon streams, old growth forest, and sand dunes for several endangered and threatened species. Both ADA facilities and backcountry experiences are provided for visitors.

Willard NFH■■ Established 1952■■ Cook, Washington

The hatchery raises coho salmon.Closed to public

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254

WASHINGTON

Winthrop NFH■■ Established 1940■■ Winthrop, Washington

The hatchery is helping reestablish spring Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead trout populations in the Columbia River.

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255

WEST VIRGINIA

Canaan Valley■■ Established 1994■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Species, Wetlands■■ Davis, West Virginia

At 3,200 feet, the refuge is located in the highest valley east of the Rockies. It is an important area for the American woodcock.

Ohio River Island■■ Established 1990■■ Migratory Birds, Endangered Freshwater Mussels■■ Parkersburg, West Virginia

Forty species of native freshwater mussels, including the federally endangered fanshell and pink mucket, live on the refuge.

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256

WEST VIRGINIA

Ohio River Islands ■■ Established 1990■■ Protect Wildlife Native to the Ohio River Floodplain■■ Williamstown, West Virginia

Most of the refuge is accessible only by boat. The refuge includes 22 islands and four mainland tracts, including four islands in Pennsylvania and Kentucky. Migratory birds and endangered freshwater mussels are among the most important wildlife on the refuge. The refuge is open to hunting, fishing and wildlife observation.

White Sulphur Springs NFH■■ Established 1900■■ White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia

The hatchery produces millions of rainbow trout eggs and raises freshwater mussels to help improve wild populations.

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257

WISCONSIN

Fox River■■ Established 1980■■ Endangered Species ■■ Marquette County, Wisconsin

Established primarily to preserve areas along the Fox River that differ significantly from other habitats in the region, the refuge hosts more than 300 sandhill cranes during the fall migration. / Closed to public

Genoa NFH■■ Established 1932■■ Genoa, Wisconsin

The hatchery’s programs center around the recovery of threatened and endangered aquatic species, such as Higgins eye pearly mussel, lake sturgeon, and coaster brook trout.

Gravel Island■■ Established 1913■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Door County, Wisconsin

The refuge is comprised of Gravel and Spider Islands in Lake Michigan, which support colonial nesting birds.

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258

WISCONSIN

Green Bay■■ Established 1912■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Door County, Wisconsin

The refuge is situated on 2-acre Hog Island in Lake Michigan and supports nesting colonies of herring gulls, double-crested cormorants, and a few red-breasted mergansers. / Closed to public

Horicon■■ Established 1941■■ Migratory Birds■■ Mayville, Wisconsin

The refuge includes Horicon Marsh which, at 32,000 acres, is the largest freshwater cattail marsh in the U.S.

Iron River NFH■■ Established 1981■■ Lake Trout and Coaster Brook Trout Restoration■■ Iron River, Wisconsin

The hatchery provides lake trout and coaster brook trout of various sizes for population restoration in the Great Lakes.

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259

WISCONSIN

Leopold WMD■■ Established 1993■■ Migratory Birds■■ Portage, Wisconsin

Named after wildlife conservationist Aldo Leopold, the district manages over 12,000 acres of waterfowl production areas in 17 counties of southeastern Wisconsin.

Necedah■■ Established 1939■■ Migratory Birds■■ Necedah, Wisconsin

The refuge is home to bald eagles, whooping cranes, Blanding’s turtles, timber wolves, and the world’s largest population of federally endangered Karner blue butterflies.

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WISCONSIN

St. Croix WMD■■ Established 1992■■ Migratory Birds■■ New Richmond, Wisconsin

The district manages 41 waterfowl production areas totaling 7,500 acres in St. Croix, Polk, and Dunn counties. Management is focused on prairie and wetland habitat.

Trempealeau■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Birds■■ Trempealeau, Wisconsin

Situated in a unique geological formation called a driftless, the refuge is an isolated backwater of rolling sand prairies adjacent to the Upper Mississippi River.

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WISCONSIN

Upper Mississippi River Wildlife & Fish Refuge (LaCrosse District)■■ Established 1924■■ Migratory Birds■■ LaCrosse, Wisconsin

The refuge includes open water, backwater marshes and sloughs, upland prairies, and bottomland hardwood forests. It offers exceptional fishing and hunting, as well as premier opportunities for wildlife viewing and photography.

Whittlesey Creek■■ Established 1999■■ Fish and Wildlife Conservation■■ Ashland, Wisconsin

Called the “Little Refuge on the Big Lake,” the refuge is part of a large wetland complex on Lake Superior. It is working to restore habitat to benefit migratory birds and fish.

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WYOMING

Bamforth■■ Established 1932■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Albany County, Wyoming

Closed to public

Cokeville Meadows■■ Established 1993■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Cokeville, Wyoming

Closed to public

Hutton Lake■■ Established 1932■■ Migratory Birds■■ Laramie, Wyoming

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WYOMING

Jackson NFH■■ Established 1950■■ Jackson, Wyoming (on National Elk Refuge)

Located on National Elk Refuge, the hatchery rears Snake River cutthroat and lake trout.

Mortenson Lake■■ Established 1993■■ Migratory Birds ■■ Laramie, Wyoming

The refuge supports the last known breeding population of the endangered Wyoming toad. / Closed to public

National Elk Refuge■■ Established 1912■■ Big Game■■ Jackson, Wyoming

The refuge is home to the world’s largest wintering concentration of elk.

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WYOMING

Pathfinder■■ Established 1936■■ Migratory Birds■■ Alcova, Wyoming

Saratoga NFH■■ Established 1911■■ Saratoga, Wyoming

Broodstock trout species reared at the hatchery include lake, brown, and rainbow trout. The hatchery also assists in the Wyoming toad recovery program.

Seedskadee■■ Established 1965■■ Mitigation■■ Green River, Wyoming

The refuge was established as mitigation for the creation of the Fontenelle Reservoir. It protects a mosaic of riparian, wetland, and upland shrub habitats along 36 miles of the Green River.

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Regional OfficesThe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service works out of its Headquarters in metropolitan Washington, DC, and eight regional offices.

Region 1 Pacific RegionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service911 N.E. 11th AvenueEast Federal ComplexPortland, OR 97232-4181(HI, ID, OR, WA)

Region 2 Southwest RegionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service500 Gold Avenue, S.W.P.O. Box 1306Albuquerque, NM 87103(AZ, NM, OK, TX)

Region 3 Great Lakes–Big Rivers RegionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service5600 American Blvd. Suite 990Bloomington, MN 55437-1458 (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, MO, OH, WI)

Region 4 Southeast RegionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service1875 Century Boulevard, 3rd FloorAtlanta, GA 30345(AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, PR, SC, TN)

Region 5 Northeast Region300 Westgate Center DriveHadley, MA 01035-9589(CT, DE, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV)

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Region 6 Mountain-Prairie RegionU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceP.O. Box 25486Denver Federal CenterDenver, CO 80225(CO, KS, MT, ND, NE, SD, UT, WY)

Region 7 Alaska RegionFish and Wildlife Service1011 E. Tudor RoadAnchorage, AK 99503-6199(AK)

Region 8 Pacific Southwest RegionU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service2800 Cottage WaySacramento, CA 95825 (CA, NV, Klamath Basin)

Headquarters DirectorU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1849 C Street, NW, MIA 3012 Washington, DC 20240

National Wildlife Refuge System 5275 Leesburg Pike Falls Church , VA 22041

For more information about the Fish and Wildlife Service call: 1-800-344-WILD

Fish and Wildlife Service website: <www.fws.gov>

National Wildlife Refuge SystemWebsite: <fws.gov/refuges>

National Wildlife Refuge

Pacfic Islands

Alaska Hawaii Navassa Island

Puerto Rico andU.S. Virgin Islands

Produced in the Division of Realty, Washington D.C. 2015Original base map from Tibor G. Toth (TOTHGRAPHIX.COM)

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National Wildlife Refuge

Pacfic Islands

Alaska Hawaii Navassa Island

Puerto Rico andU.S. Virgin Islands

Produced in the Division of Realty, Washington D.C. 2015Original base map from Tibor G. Toth (TOTHGRAPHIX.COM)

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Item FW 8003

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blue goose PASSPORT - United States Fish and Wildlife … goose PASSPORT THIRD EDITION | 2016 The first edition of the Blue Goose Passport was produced by Lee and Marvin Cook, operating