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Jim Fourqurean Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue Carbon en el Acuerdo de París (Actualización de Katowice) Dr. Moritz von Unger Silvestrum Climate Associates Blue Carbon in NDCs Regional Workshop / Taller Regional Merida, Mexico 24-26 September 2019

Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Page 1: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

www.silvestrum.com

Jim

Fourqurean

Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement

(Katowice Update)

Blue Carbon en el Acuerdo de París

(Actualización de Katowice)

Dr. Moritz von Unger

Silvestrum Climate Associates

Blue Carbon in NDCs

Regional Workshop / Taller Regional

Merida, Mexico

24-26 September 2019

Page 2: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

www.silvestrum.com

Terms and Concepts I

• “Blue Carbon” is not a term found in the Paris Agreement (PA) or the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

• UNFCCC, however, refers to “biomass, forests and oceans as well as other terrestrial, coastal, and marine ecosystems” (Art. 4.1d)

• PA encourages Parties to “take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs as referred to in [Art. 4.1d UNFCCC], including forests.

Page 3: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Términos y conceptos II

• "Carbono azul" no es un término que se encuentra enel Acuerdo de París (AP) o la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático(CMNUCC)

• La CMNUCC, sin embargo, se refiere a "biomasa, bosques y océanos, así como a otros ecosistemasterrestres, costeros y marinos" (Art. 4.1d)

• La Autoridad Palestina alienta a las Partes a "tomarmedidas para conservar y mejorar, segúncorresponda, sumideros y depósitos como se menciona en [Art. 4.1d CMNUCC], incluidos los bosques.

Page 4: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Terms and Concepts II

• International climate change cooperation has included “wetlands” as a GHG sink and source for more than a decade – at least in theory (as an AFOLU sub-chapter in the inventory)

• “Wetlands” came to prominence in 2011, when “wetland drainage and rewetting” or “WDR”) become an eligible accounting activity under the Kyoto Protocol (UK opted in for Kyoto II)

Page 5: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Términos y conceptos II

• La cooperación internacional sobre el cambioclimático ha incluido los "humedales" como sumideroy fuente de GEI durante más de una década, al menos en teoría (como un subcapítulo de AFOLU enel inventario)

• Los “humedales” salieron a la fama en 2011, cuandoel “drenaje y rehumectación de humedales” o “DRH”) se convirtió en una actividad contable elegible bajo el Protocolo de Kyoto (el Reino Unido optó por Kyoto II)

Page 6: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Terms and Concepts III

• When we say “Blue Carbon”, we mean those coastal marine ecosystems that carry a dual or triple value in terms of climate change adaptation, resilience, and climate change mitigation

• ”Blue Carbon” means ”coastal wetlands and mangrove forests, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows, in particular

• Note that there is a partial overlap with the concept of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (“REDD+”): Habitat type of mangroves

Page 7: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Términos y conceptos III

• Cuando decimos "Carbono Azul", nos referimos a aquellos ecosistemas marinos costeros que tienen un valor doble o triple en términos de adaptación al cambio climático, resiliencia y mitigación del cambioclimático.

• "Carbono azul" significa "humedales costeros y manglares, marismas y praderas de pastos marinos, en particular

• Tenga en cuenta que existe una superposición parcialcon el concepto de reducción de emisiones por deforestación y degradación forestal ("REDD +"): tipode hábitat de manglares

Page 8: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Terms and Concepts IV

• Note also: REDD+ is explicitly recognized in terms of “policy approaches” and incentive frameworks (“results-based payments”), in Article 5.2 PA as well as in the Warsaw Framework on REDD+

• “Blue Carbon” has no defined policy or regulatory framework yet

• This notwithstanding, countries have frequently referred to “blue carbon habitats” (or “coastal wetlands” or specific coastal wetlands) in their first NDCs (submitted prior to the adoption of the Paris Agreement)

• Some countries have even included “Blue Carbon” in their accounting target(s)

Page 9: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Términos y conceptos IV

• Tenga en cuenta también: REDD + se reconoce explícitamenteen términos de "enfoques de políticas" y marcos de incentivos("pagos basados en resultados"), en el Artículo 5.2 AP, asícomo en el Marco de Varsovia sobre REDD +

• "Blue Carbon" aún no tiene una política o marco regulatoriodefinido

• A pesar de esto, los países se han referido con frecuencia a “hábitats de carbono azul” (o “humedales costeros” o humedales costeros específicos) en sus primeras NDC (presentadas antes de la adopción del Acuerdo de París)

• Algunos países incluso han incluido el "Carbono Azul" en sus objetivos contables

Page 10: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Blue Carbon in the NDCCarbono azul en las NDC

NDC submission: 175 countries

BC for mitigation: 28 countries

USDA FOREST SERVICE

Maps produced by Elsa Lindevall, GRID-Arendal

BC for adaptation: 59 countries

Page 11: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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However…

• No country has put forward a blue carbon-themed specific commitment that would include a specific blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete list of actions planned

• Incomplete coverage of blue carbon ecosystems is often the result of incomplete national inventories. Emissions and removals from wetlands are often still not reported

Page 12: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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However…

• Ningún país ha presentado un compromiso específicocon el tema del carbono azul que incluya un objetivoespecífico de carbono azul contra un punto de referencia, se base en una contabilidad integral y se complete con una lista concreta de accionesplanificadas

• La cobertura incompleta de los ecosistemas de carbono azul es a menudo el resultado de inventariosnacionales incompletos. Las emisiones y remocionesde los humedales a menudo aún no se informan

Page 13: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Importance of Paris Rulebook (Katowice)

• The decision on transparency seeks to enable objective tracking of progress both in taking mitigation action and in providing support

• Parties will be under the firm obligation to use the 2006 IPCC Guidelines

• 2013 Wetlands Supplement as part of the enhanced transparency framework.

• 2023 Global Stocktake to assess collective progress and identify opportunities for enhanced action and support

• From 2024: Biennial Transparency Reports

Page 14: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Importance of Paris Rulebook (Katowice)

• La decisión sobre transparencia busca permitir el seguimiento objetivo del progreso tanto en la tomade medidas de mitigación como en la prestación de apoyo.

• Las partes estarán obligadas a utilizar las Directrices del IPCC de 2006

• Suplemento de humedales 2013 como parte del marco de transparencia mejorado.

• Balance global de 2023 para evaluar el progresocolectivo e identificar oportunidades para mejorar la acción y el apoyo

• Desde 2024: Informes bienales de transparencia

Page 15: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Timeline and Intervention OptionsCronología y opciones de intervención

Page 16: Blue Carbon in the Paris Agreement (Katowice Update) Blue ... · blue carbon target against a reference point, be based on comprehensive accounting, and be completed by a concrete

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Dr. Moritz von UngerPrincipal: Climate Policy

Silvestrum Climate Associates

1 415 548 0208

[email protected]

www.Silvestrum.com

www.Facebook.com/silvestrumclimate

Qwuloolt tidal Wetland Restoration

(Image: Tulalip Tribes)