bls_1194_1956.pdf

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1,1955

Bulletin No. 1194UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICSEwan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1, 1955

Bulletin No. 1194M a r c h 1956

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 30 cents


Contents

Page

S u m m a ry ____________________________________________________________________________ 1Scope and m ethod o f study_________________________________________________________ 1R ecent trends o f union wage s c a le s _______________________________________________ 1Scale in c re a s e s , 1954-55 ______ 2Rate variations by type o f w ork __________________________________________________ 2City and regional variations _____________________________________________________ 3Standard workw eek __________________________________________________ 4Insurance and pension plans _____________________________________________________ 4Union sca les by c ity and t r a d e ____________________________________________________ 4

T ables:

1. Indexes o f union hourly wage sca les in the printingtrad es , 1907-55 ______________________________________________________ 5

2. Indexes o f union hourly wage sca les in each printingtrade, 1907-55 ________________________________________________________ 6

3. P ercen t changes in union wage rates and percen t o f unionprin tin g-trades w orkers a ffected , July 1, 1954-July 1, 1955 ___________________________________________________________ 8

4. C en ts-p er-h ou r in crea ses in union wage rates and percen t o funion prin tin g-trades w orkers a ffected , July 1, 1954-July 1, 1955 _________________ 8

5. A verage union hourly wage rates in the printing industry,July 1, 1955, and in crea ses in ra tes , July 1, 1954-July 1, 1955 ___________________________________________________________ 9

6. In creases in union wage rates in the printing trades byc ity , reg ion , and industry branch , July 1, 1954-July 1, 1955 ____________________________________________________________ 10

7. D istribution of union m em bers in the printing trades byhourly wage rates and by trade, July 1, 1955 ______________________ 11

8. A verage union hourly wage rates in the printing trades bycity and population group, July 1, 1955 _____________________________ 12

9. A verage union hourly wage rates in the printing trades byreg ion , and by trade, July 1, 1955 __________________________________ 13

10. D istribution of union m em bers in the printing trades bystra igh t-tim e weekly h ou rs, July 1, 1955 ________________________ 13

11. Indexes of union w eekly hours in the printing trades,1907-55 _________________________________________________________________ 14

12. Indexes oi union w eekly hours in each printing trade,1907-55 _________________________________________________________________ 15

13. Union sca les o f wages and hours in the printing trades in53 c it ie s , July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955 ______________________________

iii

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Union Wages and Hours in the Printing Industry, July 1, 1955

Summary

Hourly sca les rose an average o f 2. 8 p e r cent, or 7 .4 cents, between July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955, fo r union printing-trades w orkers in c ities with 100, 000 or m ore population, a c cording to the U. S. Department of L abor s Bureau of Labor Statistics annual survey of union sca les in the printing industry. Rates in book and job print shops advanced 7 .6 cents or 3 percent, and those in newspaper establishm ents, 7 .1 cents or 2 .4 percent.

L abor-m anagem ent contract rev ision s e f fective during the year provided upward scale adjustm ents for 92 percent of the w orkers in cluded in the survey. The in crea ses varied from 4 to 8 cents an hour for tw o-fifth s of the printing tradesm en, and amounted to 10 cents or m ore for a fourth.

As a resu lt of these w idespread adjustm ents, union hourly sca les on July 1, 1955,averaged $ 2 .7 3 for a ll trades studied $ 2 .5 8 in book and job (com m ercia l) print shops and $ 3 .0 1 in newspaper establishm ents. Scales fo r printing tradesm en on the night shift in newspaper plants w ere , on the average, about 7 percent higher than fo r those on day shift $ 3 .1 2 com pared with $ 2 .9 1 .

No consistent pattern of rate d ifferentia ls existed among jobs im portant to both types of printing. Daywork sca les fo r hand com p ositors averaged 7 cents m ore on newspaper work than on com m ercia l w ork . P hotoengravers and stereotypers in book and job shops, how ever, averaged 17 and 20 cents, resp ective ly , above the daywork rates fo r those occupations in newspaper establishm ents.

Straight-tim e weekly w ork schedules for a ll w ork ers studied averaged 37. 1 hours on July 1, 1955. Standard workw eeks of 37 V2hours w ere m ost com m on; such schedules w ere sp ecified in con tracts applying to slightly over half o f the union printing-trades w ork ers . Workweeks of 36V4 hours prevailed for a fourth of the w ork ers , while those of 35 hours or le ss w ere in e ffect fo r a tenth.

Negotiated health and insurance plans co v ered about tw o-thirds of the printing tradesm en. Pension program s w ere provided in la b or - management con tracts applicable to a fifth of the w ork ers .

1 Prepared by John F. Laciskey of the Bureau1 s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations.

Scope and Method of Study

Union sca les are defined as the minim um wage sca les or m axim um schedules of hours agreed upon through co lle ctiv e bargaining b e tween trade unions and em ployers . Rates in ex cess of the negotiated minim um , which may be paid for specia l qualifications or other re a sons, are not included.

The inform ation presented in this report was based on union sca les in effect on July 1, 1955, and covered approxim ately 125, 000 printing-trades w ork ers in 53 c it ies with population of 100, 000 or m o re . Data w ere obtained p rim arily from lo ca l union o ffic ia ls by m ail questionnaire; in som e instances, Bureau re p resentatives visited lo ca l union o ffic ia ls to ob tain the desired inform ation .

The current survey was designed to re fle ct union wage sca les in the printing industry in a ll c it ies of 100, 000 or m ore population. A ll c it ies with 500, 000 or m ore population w ere included, as w ere m ost c it ies in the population group of 250,000 to 500,000. The cit ies in the 100, 000 to 250, 000 group selected fo r study w ere distributed w idely throughout the United States. The data fo r som e of the c it ies in cluded in the study in the two sm aller size groups w ere weighted to com pensate fo r the other c it ies which w ere not surveyed. In order to provide appropriate representation in the com bination of data, each geographic region and population group w ere con sidered separately when city weights w ere assigned.

A verage hourly sca les , designed to show current lev e ls , are based on all sca les reported in e ffect on July 1, 1955. Individual sca lesare weighted by the num ber of union m em bers having each rate. These averages are not d e signed fo r p re c ise y e a r -to -y e a r com parisons because of fluctuations in m em bership and in job class ifica tion s studied. A verage ce n ts -p e r - hour and percent changes from July 1, 1954,to July 1, 1955, are based on com parablequotations for the various occupational c la s sifications in both p eriods weighted by the m em bership reported for the current survey. The index se r ie s , designed for trend purposes, is s im ilar ly constructed .

Recent Trends of Union Wage Scales

N egotiated scale changes which becam e effective between July 1, 1954, and July 1,1955, as provided in labor-m anagem ent con tracts , ra ised the leve l of union hourly sca les fo r printing-trades w ork ers 2. 8 percent. The

1


2r ise , which c lo se ly approxim ated the 2 .9 p e r cent gain in the previous year, advanced the B ureaufs index of union wage sca les to 130.7 (table l) . R eflected in the advance w ere upward adjustm ents of 3 percent in book and job shops and o f 2.4 percent in newspaper establishm ents.

The in crea se in term s of cents per hour averaged 7 .4 cents fo r a ll trades com bined, 7 .6 cents fo r book and job print shops, and 7. 1 cents fo r newspaper plants. In the latter establishm ents, wage adjustm ents during the year w ere virtually identical fo r day and night shift w ork ers (table 5).

On a regional b a sis , average sca le advances varied by type o f printing. In newspaper plants, the in crea ses ranged from 4 .9 cents in the Southeast to 7 .9 cents in the Middle Atlantic and B order States, and for book and job shops, from 5 .8 cents in the Southeast to 13. 1 cents in the Mountain States. O verall, the in creases represented gains of 1 .8 to 2 .7 percent in newspaper printing and 2 .4 to 5 .8 percent in book and job shops (table 6).

Scale Increases. 1954-55

Many of the current labor-m anagem ent con tracts w ere negotiated for p eriods of 1 to 2 y ea rs ; a few w ere fo r longer p er iod s . The number of con tracts of m ore than a year*s duration has in creased somewhat in the past y ea r . Frequently, these con tracts contained p rov ision s for wage reopenings or indicated in terim or d e ferred in crea ses to becom e e ffe c tive on specified dates. C o s t-o f- liv in g e sca la tor clauses linking scale changes to the m ovement of the BBS C onsum er P r ice Index w ere contained in a few agreem ents.

Although contract p rov ision s e ffective in the year ending July 1, 1955, resulted in in crea sed sca les for 92 percent of the printing- trades w ork ers in both branches of the industry , the proportion of w ork ers benefiting from rate changes varied among the individual trades. T w o-th irds or m ore o f the w orkers in each trade had their scale adjusted upward during the year. Increased rates w ere reported for at least 90 percent of the w ork ers in a ll of the trades studied in newspaper establishm ents and fo r 8 of the 12 trades in book and job shops (table 4).

The r ise in average hourly sca les during the 12 months varied from 7 .7 to 9 .1 cents fo r 9 o f the trades in book and job shops, and from 4 .4 to 5 .7 cents fo r the other 3 trades. In newspaper establishm ents, the average hourly r is e s ranged from 6 .1 to 8 .9 cents among the trades studied (table 5).

P ercentagew ise , the in crease in rates ranged from 2 .6 to 3 .5 percent for a ll book and job trades except e lectrotyp ers and s te re o

typers. These trades advanced their average sca les 1.5 and 1.9 percent, resp ective ly . The greater gains were reg istered by the low er paid cra fts . In newspaper plants, average advances varied from 2 percent fo r m achine tenders (m achinists) to 2. 8 percent for stereotypers and p ressm en -in -ch a rg e .

F or m ore than half o f the w ork ers a ffected by such changes, in crea ses ranged from 4 to 10 cents an hour in book and job shops, and from 4 to 8 cents in newspaper plants (table 4). Of every 100 printing-trades w orkers whose sca les w ere in creased in book and job shops, 20 had advances of 4 to 6 cents, 18 of 6 to 8 cents, 18 of 8 to 10 cents, and 23 of 10 to 15 c e n ts .2 In newspaper establishm ents, the com parable proportion s w ere 27, 30, 13,and 14.

The advances represented gains o f 2 to 5 percent fo r approxim ately seven-tenths o f the w orkers benefiting from sca le rev ision s in book and job print shops, and from 2 to 4 percent fo r a sim ilar proportion in newspaper establishm ents (table 3).

Rate Variations by Type of Work

Book and job shops produce many different item s in varying quantities; newspaper plants, on the other hand, are geared to m ass p rodu ction of a single, recu rrin g item at regular predeterm ined in tervals. Thus, the com position of the w ork fo r ce in each type o f printing e s tablishm ent d iffers m ateria lly . A substantial proportion of the w ork fo rce in com m ercia l shops is com p rised of bindery wom en, m a ile rs , and p ress assistants and feed ers who typ ica lly p e rfo rm routine and le s s skilled tasks; in n ew spaper printing, how ever, journeym en are r e quired in greater p roportions to m eet daily dem ands. These different w o rk -fo rce req u ire ments are re flected in the average rates, which take into account the num ber of prin ting-trades w orkers at the various rates of pay in each type of establishm ent.

Hourly sca les of union prin ting-trades w orkers on July 1, 1955, averaged $ 3 .0 1 innewspaper plants and $ 2 .5 8 in com m ercia l shops. On new spapers, day shift w ork ers a v e r aged $ 2 .9 1 an hour, and night shift w ork ers , $ 3 .1 2 (table 7). Daywork sca les on new spapers w ere , on the average, I 2 llz percent above those in com m ercia l shops, and 7 percent below those fo r nightwork on new spapers. Night shift w orkers in book and job shops w ere ex cluded from the survey because the num ber of w ork ers norm ally em ployed on this shift is re latively sm all.

2 For proportions of all printing-trades workers receiving increases of varying amounts, see table 4.


3Negotiated rates in effect on July 1, 1955, in book and job shops varied from $ 1 fo r bindery wom en in Jacksonville , F la . , to $ 3. 83 fo r photoengravers in New York City and fo r m achine operators setting C zechoslovak text in C hicago. Hourly rates of $ 2 .5 0 to $3 w ere provided in labor-m anagem ent contracts app licab le to 40 percent of the printing tradesm en in com m ercia l shops. Wage rates of $ 3 or m ore w ere reported in e ffect fo r 27 percent and $2 to $ 2 .5 0 for 12 percent. N early th ree - fifths of the bindery wom en had negotiated sca les varying from $ 1 .4 0 to $ 1 .6 0 an hour, and alm ost a fourth had rates of $ 1.60 to$ 1 . 811/2---- the highest rate reported for thisgroup of w ork ers . Scales of le ss than $ 1 .8 0 w ere a lso indicated for 1 of every 3 m a ilers and for about 1 of every 14 p ress assistants and feed ers . A ll photoengravers had hourly rates o f at least $ 2 .6 0 an hour; 1 o f every 3 had rates of $ 3 .6 0 or m ore .

Individual sca les in newspaper establish m ents ranged from $1.87V2 for m a ilers on the day shift in New O rleans to $ 4 . 19 for night shift com p ositors on H ebrew -A m erican new spapers in New Y ork C ity. N egotiated sca les o f $ 2 .5 0 to $3 an hour w ere specified for 60 percent of the day shift w ork ers and 33 percent of the night shift w ork ers; con tracts stipulating rates o f $ 3 or m ore w ere applicable to 36 p e r cent of w ork ers on daywork and to 66 percent o f those on nightwork. H ourly rates o f $ 3 .5 0 or m ore w ere reported fo r som e w orkers in a ll cra fts but one; nearly a fourth of the photo - engravers and p ressm en -in -ch a rg e had such sca les . C ontracts providing sca les of le ss than $ 2 .5 0 an hour prevailed for about 17 percent of the m a ilers .

On July 1, 1955, photoengravers had thehighest average scale in both branches o f the industry $ 3 .3 5 in book and job shops, and $ 3 .3 2 in newspaper plants. B indery women in com m ercia l shops and m a ilers on new spapers had the low est, $ 1 .5 0 and $ 2 .7 1 , r e spectively . Whereas all other printing trades in newspaper establishm ents had sca les averaging in excess of $ 3 an hour, e lectrotyp ers and stereotypers w ere the only other trades in book and job shops to have such sca les . Among the im portant job s com m on to both types o f prin ting, no consistent pattern of rate d ifferentia ls was d iscern ib le . Daywork sca les fo r hand com p ositors averaged higher in newspaper printing than in com m ercia l printing, $2.95 com pared with $ 2 . 88 an hour. Photoengravers in book and job shops, how ever, averaged 17 cents higher than fo r daywork in newspaper plants (table 9).

Nightwork sca les on new spapers w ere, on the average, 7 .2 percent above daywork sca les . Am ong trades, the d ifferentia l amounted to 4 .7

percent for m achine tenders, 5 .7 percent fo r hand com positors and m achine op era tors , and from 8.8 to 10. 6 percent fo r the other trades.

City and Regional Variations

Increased sca les becam e effective between July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955, fo r som e printing- trades w orkers in each of the 53 c it ies su rveyed. The average hourly in crease varied from 4 to 8 cents in book and job printing in a m ajority of the c it ies and from 4 to 10 cents in newspaper printing in 2 of every 3 c it ie s . Scales advanced an average o f 10 cents or m ore fo r book and job shops in 1 of every 4 c it ies , and for newspaper shops in 1 of every 8 c it ies (table 6).

The city and regional averages presented in tables 8 and 9 are designed to show current leve ls of rates; they do not m easure d ifferen ces in union sca les among areas . Scales fo r individual cra fts do, o f cou rse , vary from city to city . The city and regional averages, how ever, are influenced not only by d ifferen ces in rates among cities and regions but a lso by d if fe r ences in the proportion o f organized w orkers in the various cra fts . Thus, a particular cra ft or cla ss ifica tion may not be organized in som e areas or may be organized le s s intensively in som e areas than in others; and, a lso , certain types of w ork are found in som e areas but not in others, or to a greater extent in som e areas than in others. These d ifferen ces are re flected in the weighting of individual rates by the number of w orkers em ployed. Thus, even if a ll individual cra ft rates in two areas are identical, the average for a ll cra fts com bined for the areas may d iffe r .

When the c it ies included in the survey w ere grouped accord ing to population size (table 8), the average union hourly rate for book and job printing in the group of c it ies with 1, 000, 000 or m ore population was $ 2 .7 5 , and in those with 100,000 to 250,000 population, $ 2 .3 7 . In newspaper printing, the com parable averages w ere $3 . 18 and $ 2 .8 2 . F or both types of printing, average sca les for the group of c it ies with 250, 000 to 500, 000 population w ere 17 cents higher than those for the c ities in the 100, 000 to 250,000 population group. Scale leve ls among the c ities in the different size groups overlapped. F or exam ple, the average sca le fo r Seattle in the 250, 000 to 500, 000 group was higher than the average for each o f the c ities in the next la rg er size group and for all but one of those in the 1 , 000,000 or m ore group in both newspaper and com m ercia l printing.

R egionally, union hourly sca les for a ll prin ting-trades w orkers com bined averaged highest ($2 . 85) on the P a c ific C oast and low est ($ 2 .5 7 ) in the B order States. A verage sca les


4in book and job shops ranged from $ 2 .3 2 in the B order States to $ 2 .7 5 in the P a cific r e gion, and in newspaper establishm ents from $ 2 .7 3 in the Southeast to $ 3 .9 0 in the Middle Atlantic States (table 9).

Standard Workweek

Straight-tim e weekly work schedules showed little change between July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955. The changes that did o ccu r had no e ffect on the average workweek which has rem ained at 37. 1 hours fo r the past 5 yea rs . Standard w orkw eeks fo r day shift w orkers averaged 37.2 hours in both com m ercia l and newspaper establishm ents; newspaper w orkers on the night shift had an average schedule of 36.3 hours (table 10).

The predom inant straight-tim e workweek consisted of 37 l!z hours; this schedule was negotiated for virtually half o f the printing - trades w ork ers in book and job shops and for nearly three-fifths of those in newspaper plants. W orkweeks o f 36V* hours w ere specified in labor-m anagem ent con tracts applicable to 29 percent of the com m ercia l shop w orkers and 21 percent of the newspaper w ork ers . Standard weekly schedules of 35 hours or le s s w ere m ore prevalent in newspaper establishm ents than in book and job shops. Such schedules w ere in effect fo r 17 percent o f the newspaper prin ting-trades w ork ers and for 5 percent of the com m ercia l w ork ers . W orkweeks of m ore than 37 V2 hours a ffected 11 percent of the w ork ers in book and job shops and 2 percent o f those in newspaper plants.

Labor-m anagem ent con tracts fo r newspaper w ork usually specify shorter work schedules fo r nightwork than for daywork. Schedules of 36V4 hours prevailed for 25 percent and 16 percen t, resp ective ly , of the w orkers on night and day shifts; workw eeks of le ss than 3674 hours w ere applicable to 29 percent of the night shift w ork ers as com pared with 7 percent of those on the day shift.

Insurance and Pension Plans

N egotiated health, insurance, and pension program s in the printing industry, have in crea sed in recent yea rs , although at a le ss

rapid rate than in som e other industries. The rate of developm ent has undoubtedly been in fluenced by program s operated by a number of prin ting-trades unions for many years and which provide m em bers with one or m ore types of benefits, such as death, o ld -age , sickness, and disability .

Between July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955,the proportion o f w orkers covered by each type o f plan in creased slightly. A s in the ea rlie r study, a substantially greater p roportion of organ ized prin ting-trades w orkers w ere in cluded in negotiated health and insurance p ro gram s than in pension p rogram s. On July 1, 1955, labor-m anagem ent contracts providing for health and insurance plans affected nearly tw o-th irds of the printing tradesm en; pension plan prov isions w ere applicable to a fifth of the w ork ers .

Health and insurance program s w ere slightly m ore prevalent fo r p rin ting-trades w ork ers in book and job shops than in newspaper plants 69 percent as com pared with 62 percen t. P ension plan p rov ision s w ere in effect fo r 13 p e r cent of the com m ercia l shop w orkers and for 32 percent of those on new spapers.

E m ployer-fin anced plans prevailed for nine-tenths of the w ork ers covered by health and insurance p rov isions and fo r fou r-fifth s of those included under pension p rogram s.

Union Scales by City and Trade

Union sca les of w ages and hours in effect on July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955, for theindividual trades in each o f the 53 c it ies in cluded in the study are shown in table 13.

3 The prevalence of negotiated health, insurance, and pension programs in the printing industry was first studied in July 1954. Information for these plans was restricted to those financed entirely by the employer or jointly by the workers and employers. Plans financed by workers through union dues or assessments were excluded from the study. No attempt was made to secure information on the kind and extent of benefits provided or on the cost of plans providing such benefits.


5TA B L E 1 . Indexes1 o f union h ou rly w age s ca le s in the printing tra d es , 1907-55

/J a n . 2 , 1948 - July 1, 1949 = 100/

Y ear P rintin gB ookandjob

N ew spaper Y ear Printin gB ookandjob

N ew spaper

1907: M ay 15 ---------------------------- (?) 1 5 .0 1 9 .4 1932: M ay 1 5 ------------------------- 50 .5 50. 6 5 0 .01908: M ay 15 ---------------------------- (?) 16. 6 2 0 .4 1933: M ay 15 ------------------------- 4 7 .5 47. 8 4 6 .81909: M ay 1 5 --------------------------- (?) 17. 8 2 1 .3 1934: M ay 15 ------------------------- 4 8 .5 49. 1 4 7 .41910: M ay 15 -------------- ------------- (1 2) 18. 8 22. 0 1935: M ay 1 5 ------------------------- 50. 3 5 0 .2 50. 31911: M ay 15 ----------- --------------- 19 .9 19. 3 2 2 .4 1936: M ay 15 ------------------------- 51 .5 51. 6 51 .0

1912: M ay 1 5 ---------------------------- 20. 3 19. 6 22. 8 193 7: M ay 15 ------------------------- 53 .2 53 .3 52 .91913: M ay 15 ---------------------------- 20. 7 20. 0 2 3 .2 1938: June 1 -------------------------- 54 .9 55. 1 54 .31914: M ay 15 ------------------------ 2 1 .0 2 0 .4 23. 5 1939: June 1 -------------------------- 5 5 .4 55. 5 55 .01915: M ay 1 5 ---------------------------- 2 1 .2 20. 5 23. 6 1940: June 1 -------------------------- 56 .2 5 6 .0 56 .21916: M ay 1 5 ---------------------------- 2 1 .4 20. 8 23. 7 1941: June 1 -------------------------- 5 6 .8 56. 6 56 .9

1917: M ay 15 ---------------------- ----- 22. 1 2 1 .5 24. 3 1942: July 1 -------------------------- 59 .3 59.1 5 9 .41918: M ay 1 5 --------------------------- 24. 0 2 3 .9 25. 5 1943: July 1 -------------------------- 61.1 60. 7 61 .91919: M ay 1 5 ---------------------------- 2 9 .4 2 9 .4 30. 8 1944: July 1 -------------------------- 62. 6 62 .3 63 .31920: M ay 15 ---------------------------- 37. 7 3 8 .4 37. 6 1945: July 1 -------------------------- 63. 5 63.1 64.11921: M ay 15 ---------------------------- 4 1 .3 4 2 .2 4 0 .9 1946: July 1 -------------------------- 74 .3 74 .2 74 .5

1922: M ay 1 5 ----------- ----- ---------- 4 1 .8 4 2 .4 4 1 .3 1948: Jan. 2 -------------------------- 94. 3 9 4 .3 9 4 .31923: M ay 1 5 ---------------------------- 43. 0 44. 1 41. 8 1949: July 1 -------------------------- 105. 7 105. 7 105. 71924: M ay 1 5 ---------------------------- 45. 1 4 5 .9 44. 3 1950: July 1 -------------------------- 107 .9 108 .2 107 .41925: M ay 1 5 ---------------------------- 45. 8 4 6 .4 45. 1 1951: July 1 -------------------------- 112 .4 112.1 112. 71926: M ay 15 ---------------------------- 46. 8 4 7 .4 46. 1 1952: July 1 -------------------------- 118 .8 119. 3 117. 6

1927: M ay 15 -------------- ------------- 4 8 .2 48. 6 4 7 .4 1953: July 1 -------------------------- 123 .5 124. 0 122 .31928: M ay 15 ---------------------------- 4 9 .1 4 9 .2 48. 6 1954: July 1 -------------- ------------ 127. 1 127. 6 125 .91929: M ay 15 ---------------------------- 49. 8 4 9 .9 49. 5 1955: July 1 _________________ 130. 7 131 .4 128 .91930: M ay 15 ---------------------------- 50. 6 50. 8 50. 01931: M ay 15 --------------------------- 50. 8 51. 1 50. 1

1 Index s e r ie s designed fo r trend p u rp oses ; p e r io d ica l changes in union s ca le s a re based on com p a ra b le quotations fo r the variou s occupations in con secu tiv e p e r io d s w eighted by num ber o f union m em b ers rep orted each quotation in the cu rren t su rvey p er iod .

2 C om bined data fo r yea rs 1907-10 not ava ilab le .


6T A B L E 2 . In dexes1 o f union hourly wage sca le s in each prin ting trad e , 1907-55

/J a n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949 = 100/

BOOK AND JOB

Year B inderyw om enB ook

b indersC om p os i

tors , hand

E le c tr o typers

M achineo p e ra

t o r s

M achineten ders(m ach in

is ts )M a ilers

P h oto -en

g ra v ers

P re s s a s s is t

ants and fe e d e rs

P r e s s m en,

cy lin d er

P r e s s m en,

platen

1907: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 16. 7 17.9 17. 1 20. 3 13. 0 18 .4 17. 31908: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- - 1 8 .5 17.9 17. 1 2 1 .0 - - - 14. 4 19 .3 17.91909: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- . 18. 7 17.9 17.2 2 1 .8 - - - 14. 6 2 0 .9 18. 51910: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- - 18 .9 18. 7 17.9 22. 6 - - - 14 .9 2 1 .0 18. 81911: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- - 19 .2 19.2 18. 9 22. 8 15. 5 2 1 .5 19 .2

1912: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 19 .3 19 .6 19.2 2 3 .4 2 2 .4 _ _ 15. 8 2 1 .8 19. 51913: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- - 1 9 .8 19 .9 19 .6 2 4 .0 22. 8 - - 16. 1 22. 1 19. 81914: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- - 20. 1 2 0 .4 20. 5 2 4 .2 2 2 .8 - - 16. 6 22. 6 20. 21915: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 16 .8 2 0 .2 20. 5 2 0 .9 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 - - 16. 7 22. 6 20. 2191b: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 17 .1 2 0 .2 2 0 .9 2 1 .5 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 20. 5 16 .9 2 2 .9 20. 6

1917: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 18 .3 2 1 .4 2 1 .3 2 2 .2 2 4 .9 2 3 .5 _ 22. 3 17 .8 2 3 .4 2 1 .71918: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 2 0 .4 24. 1 2 3 .5 2 3 .3 2 6 .9 25. 8 - 23. 6 20. 8 2 5 .9 2 3 .91919: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 2 6 .4 30. 8 2 8 .8 26. 7 32. 5 3 1 .8 - 27. 5 2 6 .8 3 1 .4 2 9 .31920: M ay 1 5 ---------------------- ---------------- 36 .5 4 0 .4 37 .9 38 .2 4 1 .3 39. 8 - 38. 0 36. 8 40. 8 39. 71921: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 42. 6 4 4 .3 4 3 .4 44. 5 4 6 .8 46. 0 " 40. 5 39. 8 4 5 .0 44. 3

1922: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 1 .2 4 2 .5 4 4 .2 4 5 .4 46. 8 4 5 .5 . 4 0 .9 38. 5 44. 0 4 3 .41923: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 43. 1 45. 1 4 5 .2 4 8 .2 47. 7 4 6 .4 - 4 1 .3 43. 2 47. 5 4 5 .21924: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 43. 7 47. 1 4 7 .3 50 .0 49. 7 4 8 .4 - 4 4 .2 42. 8 4 8 .9 46. 61925: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 4 4 .2 47. 6 4 7 .0 49. 8 49. 7 48. 5 - 45. 3 4 5 .2 49. 5 46. 81926: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 3 .4 4 8 .4 4 7 .9 50. 3 5 0 .3 50 .2 4 8 .2 45. 7 50. 5 49. 0

1927: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 4 .4 49. 5 48. 8 50 .9 52. 3 5 0 .4 _ 50 .5 46. 3 50. 6 49. 51928: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 44. 6 4 9 .3 49. 5 51 .3 5 2 .4 50. 7 - 51 .9 4 6 .6 51 .0 48. 61929: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 5 .0 49. 8 49. 8 52. 5 53 .3 51 .1 - 52. 7 47. 0 51 .9 4 9 .41930: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 5 .3 5 0 .4 50 .9 54 .0 54. 7 52. 0 - 52. 8 47. 6 52. 8 50 .21931: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 5 .5 50. 6 51.1 55 .2 5 5 .0 5 2 .5 52 .9 4 7 .9 5 3 .2 5 0 .4

1932: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 4 .4 4 8 .8 51 .0 5 5 .0 5 5 .0 52 .9 _ 5 4 .5 45. 8 5 1 .8 4 9 .41933: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 42. 6 4 7 .0 47 .9 5 1 .5 5 1 .6 49. 8 - 53. 5 42. 7 48. 6 46. 01934: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 4 .8 4 8 .8 4 8 .4 55. 1 5 1 .7 51 .3 - 54 .3 44. 3 4 9 .9 4 7 .21935: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 5 .2 4 9 .4 49. 3 56 .0 52. 5 51 .5 - 57. 8 45. 3 50. 6 47. 61936: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 46. 1 50. 1 50. 8 56 .2 54. 3 53. 1 ' 59 .2 46. 8 52. 7 49. 5

1937: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------------- 4 6 .8 5 1 .5 52. 7 56 .9 5 5 .8 54. 7 48. 1 59 .9 4 9 .2 54. 5 5 1 .81938: June 1 ---------------------------------------- 49 .1 5 3 .4 54 .4 59. 5 5 7 .4 56. 3 5 1 .0 6 1 .4 51. 8 5 6 .2 5 3 .41939: June 1 ---------------------------------------- 4 9 .8 5 4 .4 54. 7 59 .9 57. 6 56. 5 51 .9 6 1 .9 52. 1 56. 6 53 .91940: June 1 ---------------------------------------- 5 0 .0 54. 7 55. 6 60. 1 58. 0 57 .2 53. 3 6 2 .4 5 2 .4 56 .9 54 .21941: June 1 ---------------------------------------- 51. 1 55. 5 56. 5 61 .3 58. 5 57. 6 53 .9 6 2 .6 53. 0 5 7 .4 54. 7

1942: July 1 ----------------------------------------- 54.1 5 8 .4 58. 5 6 2 .4 61 .2 60. 3 56. 7 63. 8 56. 1 6 0 .2 57. 41943: July 1 ----------------------------------------- 5 5 .8 60. 6 60 .2 64. 1 63. 0 62. 1 57. 7 64.1 57 .9 6 1 .9 59 .21944; July 1 ----------------------------------------- 58. 6 6 1 .5 62. 1 65. 6 63. 5 63. 5 5 9 .0 6 7 .4 59 .2 62. 7 60 .21945: July 1 ------------------------- --------------- 5 9 .8 6 1 .8 62. 8 66 .9 6 4 .2 64. 5 60. 0 68 .9 60. 0 6 3 .4 60 .91946: July 1 ----------------------------------------- 72 .7 7 4 .0 7 3 .4 76 .2 74. 8 7 3 .7 72. 6 78. 6 72. 5 74 .2 7 1 .9

1948: Jan. 2 ---------------------------------------- 9 5 .3 94. 6 94 .2 9 3 .0 94. 1 94. 3 9 2 .8 92. 8 94. 8 94. 8 94. 51949: July 1 ----------------------------------------- 104. 7 105 .4 105 .8 107 .0 105 .9 105. 7 107 .2 107 .2 105 .2 105 .2 105. 51950: July 1 ----------------------------------------- 108.1 108. 3 107. 5 110. 6 107. 1 106. 8 108 .9 110. 6 107. 8 107. 6 108. 61951: July 1 ----------------- ------------------------ 112. 7 111 .2 111 .2 11 4 .4 110. 6 110. 1 114 .3 114. 8 112. 5 1 11 .7 113. 11952: July 1 ----------------------------------------- 120 .3 119 .4 118 .0 119 .5 118. 1 11 7 .4 119 .5 123 .2 118. 7 118 .9 119. 5

1953: July 1 --------------------- ---------------- 125 .7 123 .3 122 .8 123. 8 122. 6 122. 8 125 .9 128. 5 123. 8 123 .4 124 .11954: July 1 ----------------------------------------- 131 .0 126 .5 1 25 .8 127. 3 125. 5 1 26 .0 130 .9 133.1 127. 6 126. 7 127. 51955: July 1 ................................. ................ 135 .6 130. 7 129.7 129. 1 129 .6 130. 0 135 .4 136 .6 132. 1 130 .4 131. 8

See footnote at end of table


7T A B L E 2 .-In dexes1 o f union h ou rly w age s ca le s in each prin ting trade, 1907-55 - Continued

/J a n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949 = 100/

N EW SPAPE R

Y ea rC o m p o s i

to r s ,hand

M achineo p e r a to rs

M achinetenders

(m ach in is ts )

M a ilers P h oto - engravers

Web p re ssm e n

J ou rn ey m en

M e n -in -ch arge

J ou rn ey m en and m e n -in ch arge

com bin ed

S te re o typers

1907: M ay 1 5 ----------------------------------------------- 19. 8 2 0 .3 18 .3 20. 51908: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 2 0 .9 2 1 .2 - - - - - 19 .5 2 1 .61909: M ay 15 ----------------------- -------------------- 2 2 .0 2 1 .9 - - - - - 2 0 .3 2 2 .31910: M ay 15 ------- ---------- ---------------------- 23. 0 22. 6 - - - - - 2 1 .0 2 2 .81911: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 2 3 .4 22. 7 - 2 1 .1 23. 0

1912: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 2 3 .9 2 3 .2 25. 1 _ _ _ _ 2 1 .4 23. 31913: M ay 15 ---------------------------------------------- 24. 3 23. 6 25. 3 - - - - 2 1 .9 24. 71914: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 24. 6 23. 8 2 5 .4 - - - - 2 2 .0 2 5 .01915: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 24. 7 24. 0 25. 6 - - - - 2 2 .2 2 5 .01916: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 24. 8 2 4 .2 25. 7 2 2 .4 ~ 2 2 .3 2 5 .3

1917: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 2 5 .4 2 4 .9 2 5 ,9 _ 2 3 .4 _ _ 22. 7 2 5 .91918: M ay 1 5 ----------- ----------------------------------- 26. 6 25. 7 2 7 .2 - 2 5 .3 - - 2 4 .5 2 7 .01919: M ay 1 5 ----------------------------------------------- 31 .9 3 1 .3 34 .5 - 2 9 .8 - - 3 0 .2 3 0 .41920: M ay 1 5 ----------------------------------------------- 38. 8 38. 8 42. 6 - 3 4 .4 - - 37 .3 37.11921: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 42. 3 4 1 .3 44. 5 40. 6 39 .9 4 3 .2

1922: M ay 1 5 ........................................................ 43. 3 4 2 .4 4 4 .9 _ 42. 6 _ _ 37 .9 42. 61923: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 43. 7 4 2 .9 4 5 .0 - 4 2 .4 - - 3 8 .4 4 3 .41924: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 46. 0 4 5 .4 47. 5 - 4 4 .2 - - 42. 7 44. 71925: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 46. 3 4 6 .3 4 6 .2 - 4 5 .9 - - 44. 6 4 5 .91926: M ay 1 5 ----------------------------------------------- 4 7 .4 4 7 .5 45. 8 4 9 .4 " ~ 44 . 6 4 6 .5

1927: M ay 1 5 ----------------------------------------------- 49. 0 4 8 .5 4 8 .4 _ 50.1 _ . 4 6 .9 47. 01928: M ay 15 - ................................- ---------- 4 9 .9 5 0 .3 4 9 .5 - 52.1 - - 4 8 .0 4 7 .01929: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 5 0 .8 5 0 .8 50. 6 - 5 2 .4 - - 48 .1 4 9 .31930: M ay 1 5 ......................................... - - 5 1 .3 5 1 .2 5 1 .0 - 53 .2 - - 4 9 .0 49. 61931: M ay 1 5 ................. 5 1 .3 5 1 .3 51.1 53. 7 4 9 .2 4 9 .9

1932: M ay 15 ---------------------------------------------- 50. 8 50 .9 50. 8 54. 3 _ 4 9 .9 4 9 .41933: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 4 7 .4 4 7 .6 4 7 .2 - 50 .3 - - 46. 7 46. 61934: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 48. 1 4 8 .2 47. 8 - 5 2 .6 - - 4 6 .8 4 7 .31935: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 5 1 .3 5 1 .4 51. 0 - 55. 1 - - 4 9 .4 4 9 .51936: M ay 15 ----------------------------------------------- 5 2 .2 5 2 .3 5 2 .0 - 5 6 .5 49. 6 50 .2

1937: M ay 15 ........................................................ 5 4 .4 5 4 .5 54 .2 47. 1 57. 5 _ 51 .2 5 1 .81938: June 1 ------------------------------------------------ 5 5 .5 5 5 .8 55. 5 48. 3 6 0 .4 - - 5 2 .6 5 3 .61939: June 1 ------------------------------------------------ 55 .9 56 .2 55. 8 48. 7 6 1 .7 53. 7 55. 0 53. 8 54 .11940: June 1 ------------------------------------------------ 57. 1 57 .2 56. 8 50 .2 62 .3 5 4 .9 56 .2 55. 1 55. 71941: June 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 7 .8 5 7 .8 5 7 .5 52 .2 6 2 .6 55. 7 56 .9 5 5 .9 5 6 .6

1942: July 1 ...............- ............................... 60 .2 6 0 .3 60 .2 55. 6 63 .9 57. 8 59 .3 5 8 .0 5 9 .31943: July 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2 .8 62. 6 62. 7 5 8 .5 64. 7 60. 7 62 .0 6 0 .9 6 1 .81944: July 1 ................................................................................. 64. 0 64 .0 64.1 5 9 .3 6 6 .4 62 .2 63. 5 6 2 .4 63. 51945: July 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 4 .8 64. 7 64 .9 60. 3 67. 8 63. 3 6 4 .4 6 3 .4 6 4 .01946: July 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 74. 1 7 4 .4 74. 6 7 3 .4 7 7 .8 74. 7 75 .7 7 4 .8 74 .0

1948: Jan. 2 .......... ...................... 9 5 .2 95 .1 95 .1 9 3 .4 9 4 .4 9 3 .2 93. 7 9 3 .2 93 .11949: July 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 104. 8 104 .9 104 .9 10 6 .6 1 05 .6 106. 8 106 .3 106 .8 106 .91950: July 1 ............................ 106 .2 106.1 106. 0 108 .3 1 07 .4 109. 1 109 .3 109 .2 109 .41951: July 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 111. 1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 0 . 8 114 .2 111. 8 1 1 5 .0 1 14 .8 115 .0 1 1 4 .81952: July 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 115 .9 1 15 .8 115. 7 121 .3 1 16 .4 11 9 .0 118 .5 118 .9 120 .2

1953: July 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 120 .1 120 .0 11 9 .4 126. 5 120. 8 124. 7 12 4 .4 124. 6 123 .51954: July 1 ........................................................... 12 3 .4 123 .2 122. 5 1 30 .8 123 .9 128. 6 128 .5 128 .5 127. 71955: July 1 ............................................................................. 126. 1 125 .9 125 .0 134.3 126 .9 132. 1 132. 1 132 .0 131 .3

1 Index s e r ie s d esign ed fo r trend p u rp oses ; p e r io d ic a l changes in union s ca le s a re based on com p a ra b le quotations fo r the variou s occupations in con secu tiv e p e r io d s , w eighted by num ber o f union m em b ers rep orted at each quotation in the cu rren t su rv ey p e r io d .


8T A B L E 3 . P e r c e n t ch a n g e s in u n ion w a g e r a te s and p e r c e n t o f u n ion p r in t in g -t r a d e s w o r k e r s a f fe c t e d , J u ly 1, 1954 - J u ly 1, 1955

P e rce n t a ffected by P e rce n t o f union printing trades w ork ers re ce iv in g in cre a se s o f

T radeIn crease Nochange

Under2

p ercen t

2 and under 3 p ercen t



5 and under 6 p e rce n t


8 and under

10p ercen t

10p ercen t

ando v e r

A ll printing t r a d e s ________ ___________________ 92.3 7. 7 9. 7 30. 5 20. 1 17. 9 4. 6 7. 0 1. 1 1 .4

B ook and job .... . . . 92 .4 7. 6 9 .4 22. 6 2 0 .2 23. 7 5. 8 7. 9 1. 1 1 .8B in dery w om en . . . . ... .... 98 .3 1.7 5 .3 2 1 .0 21 .3 19. 9 2 0 .4 8. 5 1 .9 _B ook bin ders _ .................. . 87 .3 12. 7 14. 7 11.6 18. 5 16. 2 1.3 23. 8 1.3 _C om p os ito rs , hand ______________________ 97 .3 2. 7 9 .0 26. 0 12. 8 39. 6 2. 5 6 .4 .4 . 6E le c t r o ty p e r s _____________________ _ ____ 66 .2 3 3 .8 24. 0 19.0 10. 6 9. 6 1 .4 - . 9 . 7M achine o p e r a t o r s .......... 96 .0 4 .0 9 .2 24. 5 12. 3 34. 9 2. 7 9. 9 1 .4 1 .2M achine tenders (m ach in ists) ________ 96. 5 3. 5 11.3 19 .4 15.0 38 .0 2 .3 8 .2 .2 2. 1M a ile rs _______ _____________________________ 97 .6 2 .4 . 3 30 .3 2 6 .3 2 1 .2 2. 9 14. 8 . 3 1 .5P h otoen gra vers _____________ ______ 94. 7 5. 3 6. 9 44. 1 24. 9 9. 9 2, 7 4 .2 .6 1 .3P r e s s assistants and f e e d e r s ____________ 96. 6 3 .4 1 6 .4 15. 8 23. 8 23. 7 5. 6 3. 5 1 .8 6. 1P re s s m e n , cy lin d er . ... . . . .............. . 85. 6 14 .4 4. 1 20 .0 26. 6 26. 9 1 .3 1 .8 1.0 4 .0P re s s m e n , platen _ .. _ . _ 92 .7 7. 3 9. 7 2 7 .4 2 1 .0 16. 4 7. 6 2. 6 _ 8 .2S te r e o ty p e r s ----------------------------------------------------------- 8 8 .4 11 .6 25. 5 27 .0 2 8 .0 7. 6 - . 1 - . 2

N e w s p a p e r_______________________________________ 92 .2 7. 8 10 .4 4 5 .4 2 0 .0 6 .9 2. 4 5. 3 1 .0 . 6D ayw ork ___________ _____________ ______ 91 .3 8. 7 11.3 41 .3 20. 9 6. 3 2. 8 5. 8 1. 7 1 .0N ightw ork _________________________________C o m p o s ito rs , hand:

93 .0 7. 0 9 .5 49. 5 1 9 . 2 7. 6 2. 0 4. 8 . 3 . 1

D ayw ork ______________________________________ 90.3 9. 7 1 1 . 1 45. 6 20. 5 4 .3 2. 0 6. 7 _ ( MN ightw ork ................. .............. .

M achine op e ra to rs :91.3 8. 7 10 .0 54. 9 14.2 4 .9 1. 7 5. 5

D ayw ork 92 .0 8 .0 10. 9 46. 1 22. 6 4. 1 2. 5 5. 6 _ . 1N ightw ork ________________________________ __

M achine tenders (m a ch in ists):92 .7 7 .3 9. 9 57. 0 13 .8 4 .0 1. 7 6 .3 - -

D ayw ork .. ............................................. 91 .7 8. 3 13 .3 53.3 15. 5 4. 6 1. 7 3 .2 _ _N ightw ork ____________________________________

M a ile rs :9 1 .6 8 .4 11 .6 57. 8 9 .7 6. 7 1 . 6 4. 2 - -

D ayw ork .... ........ . 92 .8 7 .2 8. 6 30. 9 35. 0 5. 8 3. 7 4. 7 4 .0 . 1N ightw ork .......... . . _ . .........

P h o to e n g ra v e rs :97 .2 2 .8 5 .2 4 1 .0 35 .3 9. 1 2. 7 3 .2 . 6 . 2

D ayw ork _______________________________ 9 1 .6 8 .4 9 .2 38. 9 28. 9 2. 6 - 9 .2 1. 7 1 . 0N ightw ork _____________________________

P re ssm e n (journeym en):88 .0 12.0 4 .6 55. 6 19.3 . 7 . 8 2. 1 3 .3 1. 5

D ayw ork _________________ ____________ 9 2 .4 7. 6 14. 0 40. 8 8 .0 13.3 4. 0 8. 1 4 .2 -N ightw ork _____________________________

P r e s s m e n -in -c h a r g e :92.3 7. 7 11 .6 40. 8 13. 9 19. 1 1. 5 5. 3 -

D ayw ork _______________________________ 91 .2 8. 8 10 .8 33. 9 15.0 13. 5 4. 5 4. 8 7. 8 . 9N ightw ork _____________________________

S tereotyp ers :92. 1 7. 9 7. 6 36 .2 21 .2 20. 1 3. 5 3 .0 " . 5

D ayw ork ____________ ______ _______ 8 8 .4 11 .6 11 .6 3 6 .3 23. 5 3. 5 3. 3 1 .2 . 7 8 .4N ightw ork . . . . 95. 9 4. l 1 3 .4 4 2 .2 32 . 7 4. 2 2. 4 . 9 -

1 L ess than 0 .0 5 p ercen t.

N OTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s do not n e c e s s a r ily equal to ta ls .

T A B L E 4 . C e n ts -p e r -h o u r in crea ses in union wage rates and p ercen t o f union prin ting -trades w ork ers a ffected ,July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955

T rade

P ercen t o f w ork ers

a ffected by w age rate in crea ses

P ercen t o f union printing trades w ork ers re ce iv in g in cre a se s o f

U nder 2 cents

2 and under 4

cents

4 and under 6

cents

6 and under 8

cents

8 and under 10

cents

10 and under 15

cents

1 5 and under 20

cents

20 cents and over

A ll printing trades ________________________ 92. 3 0. 7 10. 1 20. 6 20. 4 14. 9 18. 5 5. 2 1 .9

B ook and job ..... . . 9 2 .4 0. 5 11. 6 18. 3 16. 3 16 .4 2 1 .4 5. 6 2. 2B in d ery w om en 98. 3 1 .9 29. 8 23. 9 29. 5 11. 3 1 .9 - .B ook bin ders 87. 3 1 .0 13. 2 4. 7 11. 0 24. 1 10. 7 22. 8 _C o m p o s ito r s , hand 97. 3 - 6. 2 22. 2 11. 6 10. 1 40. 6 5. 7 1 .0E lec tro ty p ers _ .. . 66. 2 - 5. 3 25. 3 12. 5 10. 5 11 .0 - 1. 6M achine op era tors . 96. 0 - 6. 7 20. 2 11 .9 8. 3 37. 2 9. 1 2. 6M achine tenders (m ach in ists) 96. 5 4. 6 4. 9 16. 3 13. 0 8. 1 39. 1 8. 2 2. 3M ailers _________________________________ 9 7 .6 . 1 . 2 32. 4 16. 5 34. 1 12 .4 . 5 1. 5P h otoen gra vers 94. 7 - - 25. 7 10 .9 33. 4 16. 4 5. 4 2. 8P r e s s assistan ts and feed ers ________ 96. 6 . 1 20. 0 17 .4 15. 0 13 .4 23. 1 1 .9 5. 7P re ssm e n , cy lin d er . 85. 6 (M 3. 2 10. 2 17. 2 15. 2 33. 1 2. 0 4. 7P re ssm e n , platen 92. 7 - 7. 5 18 .4 20. 5 20. 9 15. 7 9 .7S tereotyp ers 8 8 .4 - 4. 8 32. 6 11. 8 30. 6 8. 2 . 3

See footn ote at end o f table,


9T A B L E 4 . C e n ts -p e r -h o u r in cre a se s in union w age rates and p ercen t of union prin ting-trades w ork ers a ffected ,July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955 - Continued

Trade

P ercen t o f wo rk ers

a ffected by wage rate in cre a se s

P e rce n t o f union prin ting-trades w ork ers re ce iv in g in c re a se s o f -

Under 2 cents

2 and under 4

cents

4 and under 6

cents

6 and under 8

cents

8 and under 10

cents

10 and under 15

cents

1 5 and under 20

cents

20 cents and

ov er

A ll printing trades ------------------------- --------- 92. 3 0. 7 10. 1 20. 6 2 0 .4 14. 9 18. 5 5. 2 1 .9

N ew spaper ------------------- .----------------------------- 92. 2 1. 1 7. 3 25. 1 28. 1 12. 0 13. 0 4. 3 1. 3Day wo rk ___ ______ _ _____ __ ______ 9 1 .3 .9 8. 2 25. 3 26. 0 12. 5 11. 0 5. 2 2. 2N ightw ork ______________________________ 93. 0 1. 3 6. 3 24. 9 30. 2 11. 6 14. 9 3. 4 . 4C om p o s ito r s , hand:

D ayw ork ____________________________ 90. 3 1. 0 7. 0 30. 3 26. 2 11. 4 9. 1 5. 3 (MN ightw ork ------------- -------- -------------- 91 .3 2. 0 5. 7 33. 9 25. 3 8. 0 12. 8 3. 7

M achine o p era tors :D ayw ork ____________________________ 92. 0 . 7 7. 2 31 .9 2 6 . 5 12. 6 8. 7 4. 3 . 1N ightw ork __ _______________________ 9 2 .7 2. 0 6. 6 35. 6 2 4 .9 7. 6 12 .4 3. 6 -

M achine tenders (m a ch in is ts ):D ayw ork __ __ ____________________ 9 1 .7 - 11. 2 38. 8 21. 1 9. 2 9. 5 1. 7 -N ightw ork ___________________________ 9 1 .6 2. 1 7. 2 40. 4 19. 7 5. 1 14 .9 2. 1

M ailers :D ayw ork ______________________ 92. 8 - 8. 6 25. 4 24. 3 16 . 2 13. 0 5. 2 . 1N ightw ork ________ ________________ 97. 2 1 .0 4. 2 12. 7 43. 2 2 1 .0 12. 8 2. 2 . 3

P h o toen g ra v ers :D ayw ork _______________________ 9 1 .6 - 8. 0 8. 1 35. 3 25. 7 2. 6 9. 7 2. 2N ightw ork ___________________________ 88. 0 - 4 .6 12. 6 42. 7 19. 7 1. 5 . 8 6. 0

P re s s m e n (journeym en):D ayw ork ____________________________ 92. 4 1. 3 9. 8 16. 8 29. 2 5. 8 18. 1 7. 2 4. 2N ightw ork ________ ________________ 92. 3 . 3 6 .2 14. 6 31. 8 11. 6 2 2 .4 5. 3 -

P r e s s m e n -in -c h a r g e :D ayw ork ____________________________ 9 1 .2 1 .4 7 .0 13.9 22. 4 12. 6 17. 4 6. 7 9. 8N ightw ork ___________________________ 92. 1 - 4. 4 9. 5 29. 8 19. 0 23. 1 4, 1 2. 1

S te re o ty p e rs :D a y w o r k ___________________________ 8 8 .4 2. 1 9. 5 22. 9 18. 9 17. 7 7. 1 1. 9 8 .4N ig h tw o r k ----------------------------------------- 9 5 .9 - 1 3 .4 14. 8 29. 4 11. 7 23. 2 2 .4 .9

1 L e ss than 0. 05 p ercen t.

N OTE: B eca u se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s do not n e c e s s a r ily equal tota ls .

T A B L E 5 . A v era ge union hourly w age ra tes in the printing industry, July 1, 1955, and in cre a se s in ra tes ,July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955

Trade

A ll printing t r a d e s __________________

B ook and j o b _________________________B in dery w om en __________________B ook bin ders _____________________C o m p o s ito r s , hand _____________E lectro ty p ers ____________________M achine operators ______________M achine tenders (m a ch in is t s )__M ailers ----------------------------- ------------P h o to e n g ra v e r s __________________P r e s s assista n ts and fe e d e rs __P re ssm e n , c y l in d e r _____________P re ssm e n , p la te n _______________S tereotyp ers _____________________

D ayw ork __________________________N ightw ork ________________________C o m p o s ito rs , hand _____________

D ayw ork ______________________N ightw ork _____________________

A v era ge rate per

hour,July 1.19551

Am ount of in crea se July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955 2

A v era ge rate per

hour,July 1,19 5 51

Am ount of in crea se July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955 2

P e rce n t C ents p er hour P e rce n tC ents per

hour

$2 . 73 2. 8 7. 4 N ew spaper: - Continued

2. 58 3. 0 7. 6 Machine op erators ... _ $3 . 05 2. 2 6. 51. 50 3. 5 5. 1 D ayw ork _ ___ ... 2. 96 2. 3 6. 52. 62 3 .4 8. 5 N ightw ork ____________________ 3. 13 2. 1 6. 52. 88 3. 1 8. 6 Machine tenders (m a ch in is t^ __ 3. 06 2. 0 6. 13. 09 1. 5 4. 4 D ayw ork _____________________ 2. 99 2. 0 6. 02. 87 3. 3 9. 1 N ightw ork _____ _ 3. 13 2. 1 6. 32. 84 3. 2 8. 8 M ailers 2. 71 2. 7 7. 22. 35 3 .4 7. 7 D ayw ork _______________ ______ 2. 58 2. 8 6. 93. 35 2. 6 8. 3 N ightw ork _ . _ 2. 81 2. 7 7. 42. 33 3. 5 7. 9 P h otoen gra vers _________________ 3. 32 2. 4 7. 72. 89 2. 9 8. 1 D ayw ork ........... 3. 18 2. 6 7. 92. 57 3. 4 8. 5 N ightw ork __ .... .... 3. 46 2. 2 7. 53. 12 1. 9 5. 7 P re ssm e n (journeym en) _______ 3. 06 2. 7 7. 9

D ayw ork _ 2. 92 2. 7 7. 83. 01 2. 4 7. 1 N ightw ork ____________________ 3. 23 2. 6 8. 12. 91 2. 5 7. 2 P r e s s m e n -in -ch a rg e ___________ 3. 31 2. 8 8. 93. 12 2. 3 7. 1 D ayw ork . _ . 3. 17 2. 9 9. 03. 04 2. 2 6. 5 N ightw ork ____ ___________ 3. 48 2. 6 8. 7Stereotypers 3. 03 2. 8 8. 22. 95 2. 2 o. 4 D ayw ork . .. . 2. 92 3. 1 8. 73. 12 2. 1 6. 5 N ightw ork ____________________ 3. 18 2 .4 7. 4

1 A v era ge rates a re ba sed on a ll rates in e ffe c t on July 1, 1955; individual rates are w eighted by the num ber o f union m em b ers rep orted at each rate .

2 B a sed on com p arab le quotations fo r 1954 and 1955 w eighted by the num ber o f union m em b ers rep orted at each quotation in 1955.


10

T A B L E 6 . In crea ses in union wage rates in the printing trades by c ity , reg ion , and industry branch ,July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955

C ities by reg ionA ll printing trades B ook and job N ew spaper

P ercen to f

in crea seCents

in crea seP e rce n t

o fin crea se

C entsin crea se

P e rce n tof

in crea seCents

in crea se

A ll c it ie s __________________________________________ 2. 8 7. 4 3. 0 7. 6 2 .4 7. 1

New E n g la n d ______________________________________ 2. 8 7. 3 3. 1 7. 4 2. 5 7. 2B oston , M ass. ________________________________ 2. 2 5 .9 1. 7 3. 9 2 .9 8. 5New Haven, Conn. ____________________________ 4. 6 11. 5 5. 3 13. 2 3. 2 8. 5P rov id en ce , R . I. ____________________________ . 5 1 .4 1. 5 4. 1 . 1 . 4S prin gfie ld , M ass. ___________________________ 3. 1 7. 7 3. 1 7. 8 3. 1 7. 5

M iddle A tlantic ______ ___________________________ 3. 3 8. 8 3. 7 9. 2 2. 6 7. 9B u ffa lo , N. Y. ________________________________ 4. 0 9. 8 4. 6 10. 7 2. 7 7. 8E r ie , P a . _____________________________________ 2. 8 7. 1 2. 0 4 . 8 3. 0 7. 9N ew ark, N. J. ------------------------------------------------- 2. 1 5 .9 2. 5 6. 5 1. 5 4. 7New Y ork , N. Y ......................................................... 3. 3 9. 2 3. 7 9. 7 2. 5 8. 0Ph iladelph ia , P a . ____________________________ 4. 2 10. 6 5. 2 12. 5 2. 0 5. 8P ittsburgh , P a . ______________________________ 2. 1 5. 5 2. 6 6. 3 1. 6 4. 7R o ch e s te r , N. Y . ____________________________ 2. 4 6. 2 2. 4 6. 0 2. 4 6. 7Scranton , P a . _________________________________ 3. 6 7. 7 2. 7 5 .4 5. 7 15. 9S yra cu se , N. Y. _____________________________ 4. 7 10. 5 4. 2 8. 0 5. 1 13. 8

B o rd e r States ____________________________________ 3. 3 8. 2 3. 8 8 .4 2. 7 7 .9B a lt im ore , Md. ______________________________ 3. 5 8. 8 3. 5 7. 7 3. 6 10. 1L ou isv ille , Ky. _______________________________ 5. 1 11. 6 5. 8 12. 2 3. 6 m 0R ich m on d , Va. _______________________________ 3. 2 7. 4 6. 0 11. 3 1. 1 3. 0W ashington, D. C . ___________________________ 2. 2 6. 0 2. 2 5. 3 2. 3 7. 1

Southeast ________________________________________ _ 2. 1 5. 3 2. 5 5. 8 1. 8 4 .9Atlanta; Ga. ___________________________________ 1. 7 4. 4 2. 0 5. 0 1. 1 3. 1B irm in gh am , A la . ____________________________ 1. 0 2. 6 1. 9 4. 6 . 2 4. 3C h arlo tte , N. C . ______________ _____________ 5. 1 12. 6 4. 6 9 .7 5. 2 13. 6J a ck son v ille , F la 1. 1 2. 8 7. 0 14. 5 . 5 1. 2K noxv ille , Tenn. ____ ___ __________________ 1. 1 3. 0 2 .4 5. 6 1 .0 2. 7M em phis, Tenn. _____________________________ 2. 0 5. 0 2. 2 4. 7 1 .9 5. 3

G reat Lakes __________________________________ __ 2. 4 6. 5 2 .4 6. 1 2. 4 7. 2C h ica go , 111. ___________________ _________ __ 2. 0 6. 0 1. 8 5. 1 2. 5 8. 0C incinnati, O h io ______________________ ______ 2. 0 5. 3 1. 9 4. 8 2. 0 5. 8C levelan d , O hio ______________________________ 3. 0 7. 9 3. 2 7. 8 2. 7 8. 3C olu m bu s, Ohio 2. 0 5. 4 2. 5 6. 1 1. 5 4. 2D ayton. Ohio . . . . . 2. 9 7. 2 2. 8 6. 8 3. 6 9 .9D etro it , M ich. _______________________ _______ 2. 0 5. 7 2. 2 6. 1 1. 6 4. 7G rand R apid s, M ich. ________________________ 3. 3 8. 6 4. 9 11. 6 2. 2 6. 2Indianapolis, Ind. ____________________ ______ 2. 5 6. 6 3. 0 7. 3 1. 9 5. 6M ilw aukee, W is. 2. 7 7. 0 2. 5 6. 2 3. 2 9. 2M in neapolis-S t. P aul, Minn. _______________ 2. 1 5. 1 2. 2 5. 0 1. 9 5. 8P e o r ia , 111. ___________________________________ 4. 2 11. 3 4. 2 10. 6 4. 2 11. 9T o led o , O h i o __________________________________ 2. 5 7. 0 4. 8 12. 0 . 8 2. 5

M iddle W est 2. 7 6 .9 3. 0 7. 0 2. 3 6. 7Des M oin es, I o w a __________ ________________ 2. 9 7. 5 3. 3 8. 1 2. 1 6. 1K ansas C ity , M o. 3. 0 7. 6 2 .9 6. 7 3. 4 9. 6Omaha, N ebr. ________________________________ 4. 3 11. 3 6. 1 14. 8 3. 2 9. 0St. L ou is , M o. _______________________________ 2. 2 5. 5 2. 6 5. 8 1. 7 5. 0

S ou th w est---------------------------------------------------------------- 2. 5 6. 5 3. 3 7. 7 2 .0 5. 5D a llas , T ex. 2 .9 8. 5 7. 9 20. 7 . 5 1. 6H ouston, Tex. 2. 9 7. 8 2. 4 6 .1 3. 2 9 .2L ittle R ock , Ark. 1. 9 4. 4 2. 1 4. 3 1. 8 4. 5New O rlean s, L a . 3. 8 9. 0 2 .4 5. 5 5. 3 13. 3Oklahom a C ity , Okla. _______________________ 1. 4 3 .4 . 5 1. 0 2. 3 6. 3San A nton io, T ex. ____________________________ 2. 6 6. 5 . 1 . 2 3. 6 9. 8

M ou n ta in _____ 3. 3 8. 6 5. 8 13. 1 1. 8 5. 2D en ver, C o lo . ____ 3. 6 9. 2 6. 3 14. 2 1. 2 3. 5Salt Lake C ity , U ta h ___ ____________ ______ 2. 7 7. 3 2. 4 5. 5 2. 8 7. 7

P a c if ic . ... _ 2. 5 7. 0 2. 6 6 .9 2. 5 7 .4L os A n ge les , C a lif. __________________________ 3. 5 9. 7 3. 8 10 .4 2. 8 8. 1Oakland. C a lif. 2. 7 4. 5 1. 9 4. 9 1. 3 3. 8P ortland , O reg . ______________________________ 2. 1 6. 1 1. 5 3 .9 2. 7 8. 1San F r a n c is c o . C a lif. 1. 0 2. 9 1. 0 2. 6 1. 3 3. 8Seattle . W ash. 3. 1 8. 9 3. 2 8. 7 2 .9 9 .2Spokane, W ash. ... .. . 2 .6 7. 2 1. 5 3. 7 3. 0 9. 1


T A B L E 7 . D istribution o f union m em b ers in the printing trades b y h ou rly w age ra tes and by trad e , July 1, 1955

Percent o f union m e m b e rs w hose rate (in cen ts) p er hour w as

T rad e ratep erhour

Under120

120and

under130

130

140

140

150

150

160

160

170

170

180

180

190

190

200

200

210

210

220

220

230

230

240

240

250

250

260

260

270

270

280

~ 2 W

290

296

300

"3^0"

310

310

320

320

330

330

340

340

350

350

360

360and

over

A ll prin ting t r a d e s _____________________ $2 . 73 0 .4 0. 3 1. 8 3.3 4. 0 1. 8 0. 8 0 .6 0. 6 0 .4 0. 5 1. 7 2. 8 3. 5 5. 5 7 .7 8. 2 9 .9 10. 7 1 3 .4 7. 6 4. 1 5. 0 2. 3 0. 3 2. 8

B ook and job 2. 58 0 .6 0 .4 2 .7 5.1 6. 1 2. 8 1. 3 6 .9 0 .9 0. 6 0 .6 2 .3 4. 2 4. 6 7. 2 8. 1 7. 8 9. 2 7. 3 11 .0 7. 3 1. 6 3. 2 1. 1 ( l ) 3. 2B in d ery w om en -------------------------------- 1. 50 3. 2 1. 7 14. 8 27 .2 29. 5 14. 8 4. 3 4 .4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _B ook b in d ers ______ _____ _________ 2. 62 - - - - - . 1 1. 1 - - . 2 1 .6 2 .9 12. 0 6. 7 14. 7 2 8 .4 9. 8 1 1 .4 6. 2 4 .2 . 8 - - - - -C o m p o s ito r s , hand ________________ 2. 88 - - - - - - - - - - 1. 2 1. 3 1 .4 8. 5 9 .5 12. 3 16. 0 1 2 .4 16 .7 20. 4 . 3 " - - -

E le c tro ty p e rs _______________________ 3. 09 . 7 1. 5 1 .6 1. 8 16. 1 14. 2 1 3 .0 11. 1 3. 0 37. 0 _ _ _M achine op e ra to rs _________________ 2. 87 - - - - - - - - - - - 2. 2 1. 6 . 8 9. 7 9 .4 13. 0 14. 1 12. 0 19 .7 15, 9 1. 3 . 1 - - . 1M achine ten ders (m a ch in ists ) _____ 2. 84 " - - - - - - - - 1. 8 1. 2 6. 0 15. 9 3. 7 11. 1 11 .0 13. 6 2 2 .4 13. 1 . 2 - - -

M a ile rs ______________________________ 2. 32 _ _ _ 4 .4 26. 0 2. 0 _ .4 _ 2 .4 . 3 _ 8. 0 17. 3 8 .0 1 0 .4 6. 3 10. 1 _ . 4 .9 2. 0 . 7 0. 1 _P h o to e n g r a v e r s __ ________________ 3. 35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 .8 5. 0 3. 3 10. 7 11 .7 . 9 7. 1 13. 7 9. 3 - 34. 5P r e s s ass ista n ts and f e e d e r s _____ 2. 33 . 5 . 8 .2 .7 1. 0 . 3 3 .4 .7 8. 0 3. 8 2. 2 11. 9 16. 9 26. 0 11 .6 1. 1 8. 3 1. 7 . 4 .4 - - - - - -

P r e s s m e n , cy lin d er ________________ 2. 89 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 2 . 7 (M 1. 1 3. 0 2. 1 6 .4 6 .9 9 .7 1 5 .4 9. 3 27. 8 12. 4 3. 4 .4 1. 1 ( l ) ( l )P r e s s m e n , platen ________________ 2. 57 - - - - . 1 - . 4 . 1 - 1 .0 6. 5 8 .6 2. 7 11. 8 22. 3 16. 6 15. 5 10. 8 1 .9 . 1 1. 5 - - -

3 12 5. 0 1 1 .8 20. 8 6. 3 18. 2 5. 8 28. 7 1.3 2. 0

3. 01 i 1) ( l ) . 2 . 3 .4 . 3 1 .4 2. 1 7. 0 9. 0 11. 2 17. 3 17 .9 8. 3 8. 8 8. 5 4. 7 . 7 2. 1D ayw ork _____________________________ 2. 91 - - - - - - . 1 - . 5 . 1 . 8 . 2 2. 2 3 .4 12. 3 9. 5 15. 9 19. 1 19 .3 4. 8 8. 5 1. 5 1 .6 . 1 . 1N ightw ork ___________________________ 3. 12 - - - - - - - - . 1 - . 5 - . 3 . 5 . 8 1 .7 8 .4 6. 5 1 5 .4 16. 4 11. 8 9. 0 15 .4 7. 7 1. 3 4. 1

C o m p o s ito r s , hand ________ __ __ 3. 04 > _ _ _ > _ _ _ _ (M _ _ . 4 . 1 6 .8 8. 2 10. 2 16. 1 2 2 .7 1 0 .4 12. 1 12. 0 .9 _ . 1D ayw ork _________________________ 2. 95 - ( 1) - - . 7 - 14. 1 7. 6 13. 0 23. 1 22. 0 6 .4 12. 7 . 2 - - . 1N ightw ork ________________________ 3. 12 " - - - - - - - - - - - . 2 - 8. 7 7. 5 9. 5 23. 3 14. 3 11. 6 23. 1 1 .8 . 1

M achine op era tors _________ ______ 3. 05 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( x) _ _ . 3 . 1 5. 3 8. 3 10. 7 14. 6 23. 2 11. 4 11 .9 12. 8 1. 1 _ . 3D ayw ork _________________________ 2. 96 - - - - - - - - - - . 1 - - . 6 - 11. 1 8 .4 14. 3 22. 2 2 2 .4 7. 4 12. 7 . 3 - - . 3N ightw ork ________________________ 3. 13 . 2 - 8. 2 7. 4 7. 9 23. 9 14. 9 11. 2 24. 0 2. 1 - . 3

M achine ten ders (m a c h in is t s )_____ 3. 06 _ - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 6 1. 3 4 .2 6 .6 9 .4 13. 8 2 3 .4 9. 9 16. 6 12. 5 1 .4 _ . 3D ayw ork _________________________ 2. 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 2 - 8. 3 4. 4 15. 0 20. 6 21 .6 7. 3 20. 6 . 5 - - . 3M i g Vif \x/r t*1c 3. 13 8. 8 3. 7 6. 7 25. 3 12. 7 12. 5 24. 8 2. 8 . 2

M a ile rs ______________________________ 2. 71 . 2 . 2 1 .6 2. 0 2. 7 1 .6 8. 2 1 2 .4 16. 3 19. 5 6. 0 26. 1 3 .4D ayw ork________ _________________ 2. 58 - - - - - - - .4 - 3. 5 . 2 6. 0 1. 6 14. 0 2 2 .4 2 5 .4 2 3 .4 3. 0 - - - - - - - -N ightw ork ________________________ 2. 81 - - - - - - - - . 3 - 3 .4 - 1. 7 3. 4 4. 2 8. 7 16 . 2 8. 5 47. 5 6. 2 - - - - - -

P h o to e n g r a v e r s ___ __________________ 3. 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ 6 .9 .6 2. 5 3. 6 8 .9 9. 4 13. 1 16 .4 16. 3 4. 6 17. 8D ayw ork _______ _________________ 3. 18 13. 7 . 4 2. 2 5. 3 14. 1 14. 3 16. 3 3. 7 30. 0 - -N ightw ork _____ ________________ 3. 46 . 7 2. 8 1 .9 3. 6 4. 4 9. 9 29. 2 2 .4 9. 2 35. 8

P r e s s m e n (jou rn eym en ) ___________ 3. 06 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 8 3. 5 5. 7 16. 5 16. 7 21. 9 9. 7 3 .4 2. 5 16.7 1. 9 . 5D ayw ork _________________________ 2 .9 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 5 5. 1 8. 3 27. 9 22. 7 30. 7 1. 4 2. 0 .4 - - -N ightw ork ________________________ 3. 23 - - - - - - " - - - - - - " - 1 .8 2. 7 3. 2 9 .7 11. 7 19. 3 5. 1 5. 1 36. 3 4. 0 1 . 1

P r e s s m e n - in -c h a r g e _______________ 3. 31 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .4 . 4 3. 0 3. 1 15. 3 12. 5 23. 2 10. 2 8. 3 6. 3 17. 3D ayw ork _________________________ 3. 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 7 - 4. 8 4. 0 26. 3 18. 7 26. 5 5. 8 9 .6 2. 4 1 . 1N ightw ork ________________________ 3. 48 . 7 1. 9 1 . 8 4. 8 19. 0 15. 7 6. 7 11. 1 37. 4

S tereo ty p ers 3. 03 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 1 _ .4 6 .0 9. 2 20. 0 25. 0 10. 3 3. 6 8. 0 7. 5 2. 1 . 2 7. 5D ayw ork _________________________ 2. 92 - - - - - - - - - - - - . 2 - . 8 10. 2 8. 6 2 8 .4 30. 2 1 0 .4 - 2. 1 8. 6 . 3 . 3 -N ightw ork 3. 18 10. 1 8. 3 17. 8 10. 2 8. 6 1 6 .4 6. 0 4 .6 18. 0

1 L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t.

N OTE: B eca u se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s do not n e ce ssa r ily equal 100,


12

T A B L E 8 . A v era ge union h ou rly wage rates in the printing trades by c ity and popu lation grou p , July 1, 1955

B O O K A N D J O B 1

C ity and population group

P opula tion group I (1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m ore ):C h icago , 111. __________________________________L os A n ge les , C a lif . ----------------------------------------D etroit, M ich. --------------------------------------------------

A v era ge fo r group I ----------------------------------------

New Y ork , N. Y ..........................................................P h iladelph ia , P a . --------------------------------------------

Popu lation group II (500, 000 to 1 ,0 0 0 , 000):San F r a n c is c o , C a lif. ------------------------------------C incinnati, O h io _______________________________H ouston, T ex. --------------------------------------------------P ittsbu rgh , P a . _______________________________M ilw aukee, W is. ----------------------------------------------C levelan d , O hio -----------------------------------------------W ashington, D. C . ___________________________

A v era ge for group II _________________________

B u ffa lo , N. Y _____ _____________________________B oston , M ass. ________________________________New O rlea n s , La . -------------------------------------------M in n eapolis-S t. P aul, Minn. ------------------------St. L ou is , Mo. _______________________________B a lt im o re . Md. -----------------------------------------------

P opu la tion group HI (250 ,000 to 500 ,000 ):D a llas , T ex . __________________________________Seattle , W ash. ________________________________P ortlan d , O reg . _______________________________Oakland, C a lif. _______________________________N ew ark, N. J. ________________________________T o led o , O hio __________________________________

A v era ge fo r group HI -------------------------------------

R o ch e s te r , N. Y . --------------------------------------------Atlanta, Ga. ___________________________________C olu m bu s, Ohio -----------------------------------------------In d ian ap olis , Ind. ____________________________B irm in gh am , A la . -------------------------------------------K ansas C ity , M o. _____________________________D en ver, C o lo . ________________________________L o u isv ille , Ky. _______________________________M em phis, Term. ______________________________San A nton io, T ex . -------------------------------------------

Popu lation group IV (100, 000 to 250 ,000 ):P rov id en ce , R. I. -------------------------------------------P e o r ia , 111. ____________________________________New Haven, Conn. -------------------------------------------O maha, N ebr. ________________________________Des M oin es, I o w a _____________________________D ayton, O hio __________________________________Spokane, W ash. ______________________________S prin gfie ld , M ass. __________________________Grand R apids, M ich. ________________________E r ie , P a . ______________________________________K noxville , Tenn. _____________________________

A v era ge for group IV ________________________

O klahom a C ity , Okla. _______________________Salt Lake C ity , Utah _________________________C h arlotte , N. C . ---------------------------------------------J ack son v ille , F la . ------------------------------------------L ittle R ock , A rk . ____________________________Scranton , P a . _________________________________S yracu se , N. Y . __________________ ---------------R ichm ond, V a. _______________________________

N E W S P A P E RA v era ge

hourlyrate

C ity and popu lation groupA v era ge

hourlyrate

Population group I (1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m ore ):$2 . 88 New Y ork , N. Y. --------- ------------------------------------------- $3 . 28

2. 81 C h ica go , 111. --------------------------------------------------------------- 3. 242. 79

A vera ge fo r group I ________________________________ 3. 182. 75

D etroit, M ich. ------------------------------------------------------------ 3. 102. 69 L os A n ge les , C a lif. _________________________________ 2. 952. 54 Philadelphia , P a . ------------------------------------------------------- 2. 95

P opulation group II (50 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,0 0 0 , 000):2. 72 W ashington, D. C . ---------------------------------------------------- 3. 152. 61 C levelan d , O hio _______________ _____________ _______ 3. 102. 57 M in neapolis-S t. Pau l, Minn. ______________________ 3. 102. 55 B oston , M ass. _______________________________________ 3. 072. 51 St. L ou is , Mo. ______________________________________ 3. 042. 502. 49 A v era ge fo r group II ________________________________ 3. 02

2 .4 5 M ilw aukee, W is. ------------- ---------------------------------------- 2. 99San F r a n c is c o , C a lif. ----------------------------------------------- 2. 99

2.41 B u ffa lo , N. Y. _______________________________________ 2. 982. 38 H ouston, T ex . ------------------------------------- -------------------- 2. 962. 35 B a lt im ore , Md. ------------------------ ------------------------------ 2. 942. 33 C incinnati, Ohio --------------------------------------------------------- 2. 912. 30 P ittsbu rgh , P a . _____________________________________ 2. 882. 29 New O rlean s, L a . ___________________________________ 2. 67

Popula tion group III (250 ,000 to 500 ,000 ):2. 84 Seattle, W ash. _______________________________________ 3. 252. 84 P ortlan d , O reg . _____________________________________ 3. 102. 69 N ew ark, N. J. ----------------- ---------------------------------------- 3. 082. 66 D allas , T ex . ----------------------------- ------------------------------- 3. 042. 65 T o led o , O hio _________________________________________ 3. 022. 60

A v era ge fo r group IH _______________________________ 2. 992. 54

Indianapolis, Ind. ____________________________________ 2. 992. 53 K ansas C ity , M o. ____________________________________ 2. 962. 52 C d u m b us , O h io ----------------------------------------------------------- 2. 942. 52 D en ver, C o lo . _______________________________________ 2 .9 42. 49 Oakland, C a lif. ___________________________ _________ 2. 932. 41 L ou isv ille , Ky. ______________________________________ 2. 912.41 R o ch e s te r , N. Y . ------------- --------------------------------------- 2. 892. 40 M em phis, Tenn. ____________________ _____________ 2. 872. 23 Atlanta, Ga. __________________________________________ 2. 842. 16 San A nton io, T ex. ___________________________________ 2. 792. 04 B irm in gh am , A la . ___________________________________ 2. 75

P opulation group IV (100, 000 to 250, 000):2. 74 Spokane, W ash. ___________________ ________________ 3. 092. 62 D es M oin es, I o w a ____________________________________ 2. 982. 61 P e o r ia , 111. ___________________________________________ 2. 962. 57 Scranton , Pa . ___ ___________________________ ______ 2. 952. 56 Grand R a p id s, M ich. _____________ ________ ______ 2. 892. 51 Omaha, N ebr. _______________________________________ 2. 862. 51 S yra cu se , N. Y . ---------------------- ------------------------------ 2. 852 .49 O klahom a C ity , Okla. ______________________________ 2. 842. 46 P ro v id e n ce , R . I. ____________________ _____________ 2. 842 .45 Salt Lake C ity , Utah ________________________________ 2. 832. 44

A vera ge fo r group IV _______________________________ 2. 822. 37

D ayton, Ohio _________ _____________________________ 2. 822. 29 R ichm ond, Va. ______________________________________ 2. 772. 29 C h arlo tte , N. C . ___________________________________ 2. 732. 23 E r ie , P a . ___________________ _____ ________________ 2. 702. 21 New H aven, Conn. ___________________________________ 2. 702. 04 J a ck son v ille , F la . __ _______________ ______ _____ 2. 662. 01 K n oxville , Tenn. _____ _______ ____________________ 2. 66I. 99 L ittle R ock , A rk . ____________________________ ______ 2. 611. 98 S p rin gfie ld , M ass. _____________________________ 2. 53

1 The a vera ges in the book and job tabulation include rates fo r the sem isk ille d b in d ery w om en and p re ss assista n ts and fe e d e rs as w ell as the highly sk illed jou rn eym en , com p osin g room and p r e s s r o o m w o rk e rs , and o th ers . The num ber o f sem isk illed w o rk ers o r ganized in a c ity m ay have in fluence on the average fo r the c ity .


13

T A B L E 9 . A v era ge union hourly w age rates in the printing trades by reg ion , 1 and by trade, July 1, 1955

Trade UnitedStatesNew

EnglandM iddleAtlantic

B o rd e rStates

Southeast

G reatLakes

M iddleW est

Southw est Mountain P a cific

A ll printing trades ---------------------------------------------- $2. 73 $2 . 66 $2. 72 $ 2 . 57 $2 . 60 $2 . 78 $2 . 60 $2 . 66 $2 . 68 $2. 8 5

B ook and j o b ____________________ _______________ 2. 58 2 .4 8 2. 56 2. 32 2. 40 2. 65 2.41 2 .4 0 2. 39 2. 75B indery w om en ______________________________ I. 50 1. 39 1 .46 1. 33 1. 33 1. 53 1. 52 1. 27 1. 48 1. 76B o o k b in d e rs___________________________________ 2. 62 2. 51 2. 51 2 .4 2 2. 58 2. 76 2. 66 2. 37 2. 58 2. 99C o m p o s ito r s , hand __________________________ 2. 88 2. 59 2. 89 2. 68 2. 66 2. 99 2 .7 7 2. 68 2 .6 8 2. 99E lec tro ty p ers ________________________________ 3. 09 2. 88 3. 18 2. 77 2. 94 3. 13 2. 97 2. 90 2. 72 3. 12M achine o p e r a t o r s ______ ______________ __ 2. 87 2. 61 2. 92 2. 65 2. 63 2. 98 2. 78 2. 71 2. 67 3. 01M achine tenders (m ach in ists) _____________ 2. 84 2. 64 3. 02 2. 55 2. 69 2. 98 2. 84 2. 56 2. 76 3. 00M ailers ------------------------------------------------------------ 2. 32 - 2. 39 1. 74 2. 68 2. 31 2. 76 2 .4 0 2. 62 2. 95P h otoen gra vers ______________________________ 3. 35 2. 86 3. 56 3. 09 2. 80 3. 41 2. 96 2. 97 2. 86 3. 36P r e s s assistants and f e e d e r s ____ ______ _ 2. 33 2 .2 5 2. 35 2. 18 1. 73 2. 44 2. 12 1. 67 1. 86 2. 37P ressm en , cy lin d er _________________________ 2. 89 2. 55 2. 96 2. 65 2. 61 2. 96 2. 81 2. 44 2. 55 2. 98P re ssm e n , platen ________ _______ ______ 2. 57 2. 34 2. 62 2. 26 2. 22 2. 53 2. 50 2. 21 2 .4 8 2. 87S tereotyp ers ---------------------------------------------------- 3. 12 2. 98 3. 23 2. 98 2. 92 3. 09 2. 99 2. 94 2. 98 3. 12

N ew spaper _____________________________ _______ 3. 01 2. 92 3. 09 2. 99 2. 73 3. 08 2 .9 9 2. 85 2. 90 3. 04D ayw ork ______ _____________________________ 2. 91 2. 81 2. 96 2. 88 2. 67 2. 98 2 .9 0 2. 77 2. 85 2 .97N ightw ork ____________________________________ 3. 12 3. 07 3. 21 3. 09 2. 78 3. 18 3. 10 2. 93 2. 96 3. 11C o m p o s ito r s , hand _ 3. 04 2. 87 3. 12 3. 07 2. 75 3. 13 3. 07 2. 90 2. 96 3. 10

D ayw ork ___________________________________ 2. 95 2. 79 3. 03 2. 97 2. 70 3. 03 2. 98 2. 82 2. 90 3. 03N ightw ork -------------------------------------------------- 3. 12 3. 02 3. 19 3. 13 2. 81 3. 22 3. 15 2. 98 3. 03 3. 18

M achine op era tors ___________________________ 3. 05 2. 91 3. 14 3. 07 2. 77 3. 11 3. 05 2. 89 2. 98 3. 10D ayw ork ___________________________________ 2. 96 2. 82 3. 05 2. 98 2. 70 3. 01 2 .9 7 2. 81 2. 90 3. 01N ightw ork ______________________________ _ 3. 13 3. 04 3. 22 3. 13 2. 82 3. 20 3. 14 2. 96 3. 04 3. 18

M achine tenders (m ach in ists) _____________ 3. 06 2. 94 3. 19 3. 08 2. 74 3. 10 3. 06 2. 92 2. 98 3. 08D ayw ork ___________________________________ 2. 99 2. 85 3. 15 2. 99 2. 69 3. 02 2. 97 2. 87 2. 93 3. 02N ightw ork _________________________________ 3. 13 3. 07 3. 22 3. 14 2. 81 3. 19 3. 16 2. 97 3. 03 3. 15

M ailers ------------------------------------------------------------ 2. 71 2. 58 2. 71 2. 41 2. 35 2. 82 2. 76 2. 28 2. 57 2. 78D ayw ork 2. 58 2. 47 2. 54 2. 34 2. 34 2. 68 2. 65 2. 27 2. 52 2. 73N ightw ork ___________________ ____________ 2. 81 2. 65 2. 83 2. 51 2. 37 2. 92 2 .9 0 2. 31 2. 65 2. 83

P h otoen gra vers _____________ _______________ 3. 32 3. 15 3. 55 3. 33 2. 85 3 .4 5 3. 19 3. 00 3. 14 3. 17D ayw ork ________________ ________________ 3. 18 3. 00 3.41 3. 24 2. 74 3. 33 3. 13 2. 89 3. 13 3. 13N ightw ork __ _____ ______________________ 3 .46 3. 27 3. 63 3. 39 3. 08 3. 57 3. 31 3. 10 3. 19 3. 25

P re ssm e n (journeym en) __________________ __ 3. 06 3. 00 3. 16 2. 92 2. 77 3. 11 2. 95 2. 85 2. 84 3. 04D ayw ork ______ _________ ______________ 2. 92 2. 86 2. 96 2. 86 2. 71 2. 98 2. 87 2. 78 2. 82 2. 94N ightw ork _________________________________ 3. 23 3. 22 3. 35 3. 02 2. 83 3. 31 3. 08 2 .9 3 2. 90 3. 11

P r e s s m e n -in -c h a r g e ------------------------------------- 3. 31 3. 22 3 .4 4 3. 23 3. 03 3. 32 3. 14 3. 18 3. 03 3. 28D ayw ork ___________________________________ 3. 17 3. 07 3. 23 3. 16 2. 97 3. 20 3. 06 3. 14 3. 00 3. 19N ightw ork _________________________________ 3 .4 8 3 .4 2 3. 65 3. 32 3. 08 3. 51 3. 27 3. 24 3. 13 3. 36

S tereotyp ers ______________________________ __ 3. 03 2. 99 3. 14 2. 93 2. 73 3. 11 2. 96 2 .8 7 2. 87 3. 02D ayw ork _____________ ______ ______ __ 2. 92 2. 83 2. 88 2. 83 2. 67 3. 06 2. 89 2. 81 2. 82 2 .97N ightw ork _ __ 3. 18 3. 25 3. 48 3. 07 2. 77 3. 19 3. 08 2. 94 2. 95 3. 09

1 The reg ion s used in this study include: New England C on n ecticu t, M aine, M assach u setts , New H am psh ire , R hode Island, and V erm ont; M iddle A tlantic New J e rse y , New Y ork , and P en nsylvan ia ; B o rd e r States D elaw are ; D is tr ic t o f C olu m bia , K entucky, M aryland, V irg in ia , and W est V irg in ia ; SoutheastA labam a, F lo r id a , G eorg ia , M iss is s ip p i, N orth C a ro lin a , South C a ro lin a , and T en n essee ; G reat L a k es Illin o is , Indiana, M ichigan , M innesota , O hio, and W iscon sin ; M iddle W est Iowa, K ansas, M isso u r i, N ebraska, N orth D akota, and South D akota; Southw estA rk a n sas , L ou isian a , O klahom a, and T exa s ; M ountainA rizo n a , C o lo ra d o , M ontana, New M exico , Utah, and W yom ing; P a c i f ic C a lifo rn ia , N evada, O regon , and W ashington.

T A B L E 1 0 . D istrib u tion o f union m em b ers in the printing trades by s tra ig h t-tim e w eek ly h ou rs , July 1, 1955

TradeA v era ge

hoursper

w eek

P e rce n t o f m em bers w hose s tra ig h t-tim e hours p er w eek w ere

Under30 30

O ver30

andunder

35

35

O ver 35

and under 36 V4

3674

O verU V 4and

under 37 Va

37 V2

O ver37Vzand

under40

40

A ll printing trades ______________________________ 37. 1 (1) 0. 1 1. 7 7. 5 0. 5 26. 4 3. 5 52. 3 1. 9 6. 1B ook and j o b ____________________ ____________ __ 37. 2 _ (1) 0. 1 5. 1 0. 6 29. 3 4. 0 49. 8 2. 7 8. 4

B in d ery w om en ______ ___________________ __ 3 7 .4 - - - ,9 - 30. 8 7. 1 4 6 .6 4. 9 9. 7B ook bin ders __________________________________ 37. 2 - - - . 8 - 47. 2 4. 3 34. 3 4 .9 8 .4C o m p o s ito r s , hand __________________________ 37. 3 - - - 1. 6 - 27. 5 4. 2 56. 3 3. 2 7. 3E lec tro ty p ers ________________________________ 37. 3 - - - . 1 - 19. 0 - 80. 8 - . 1M achine op erators 37. 5 - 0 . 1 - . 9 _ 2 3 .4 4. 5 56. 5 4. 4 10. 1M achine tenders (m ach in ists) 37. 6 - - - - - 29. 3 2. 1 42. 4 9. 5 16 . 6M ailers _______________________________________ 37. 6 - - 3 .8 . 4 - 9 .6 1 . 0 68. 1 - 17. 1P h otoen gra vers __________________ _____________ ______ 36. 2 - - - 45. 5 6. 0 5. 8 - 12. 6 - . 1P r e s s assistan ts and feed ers ____________________ 37. 2 - - - . 5 - 36. 1 3 .9 50. 8 . 4 8. 3P re ssm e n , c y l in d e r ___________________________________ 37. 3 - - - 1 . 1 - 34. 2 3. 3 48. 8 1 . 0 11. 7P re ssm e n , p la te n ______________________________________ 37. 6 - - - . 3 - 22. 6 12 .4 4 4 .9 4. 0 15. 7S tereotyp ers _______________________________________________ 37. 2 " 2. 8 1 . 8 11. 2 - 83. 8 - . 4

See footn ote at end o f tab le.


14

T A B L E 1 0 . D istribution o f union m em b ers in the printing trades by s tra ig h t-t im e w eekly h ou rs , July 1, 1955 - Continued

T radeA vera ge

hoursp er

w eek

P e rce n t o f m em b ers w hose s tra ig h t-t im e hours p er w eek w ere-

Under30 30

O ver30

andunder

35

35

O ver 35

and under 36 'U

36 l l t

O ver361/*and

under37V 2

37 l U

O ver37Vzand

under40

40

N e w s p a p e r____________ __ __ ____________ 36. 8 (M 0 .2 4 .8 12. 1 0. 5 2 0 .8 2. 5 57 .0 0.4 1 .8D ayw ork ____________________________________ 3 7 .2 _ . 1 .2 6 .2 _ 16 .4 1 .4 73 .0 . 4 2 .3N ightw ork __ ______________________ ______ 36. 3 (M .2 9 .3 18 .0 1 .0 25. 1 3 .6 4 1 .2 .3 1 .3C o m p o s ito rs , hand 3 7 .0 - - - - - - - - - -

D ayw ork ______________ __ _____________ 3 7 .0 . 1 .2 7 .9 _ 2 2 .6 2. 7 6 4 .4 _ 2 . 1N ightw ork ______________________________ 3 6 .9 ( l ) (M . 1 10 .0 _ 31 .3 5 .3 51 .1 _ 2. 1

M achine op era tors ________ __ _________ 3 6 .9 - - - - _ - - - - -D ayw ork 37. 1 _ . 3 .3 8. 6 - 22. 1 2. 7 65. 1 _ .9N ightw ork __________________________ __ ________ 3 6 .8 0 . 1 .2 . 1 9 .9 _ 3 2 .0 5 .9 51 .1 _ .6

M achine tenders (m a ch in ists) ____ 36. 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _D ayw ork . 36. 9 - . 3 . 5 8 .2 - 26. 9 3. 1 59 .3 - 1 .7N ightw ork ... 36. 8 _ .2 . 4 9. 7 - 34. 6 4 .4 4 9 .7 _ 1 .1

M a i le r s __________________________ __ _____________ 36. 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Day wo rk ________________________ __________________ 37. 5 _ - _ 2 .9 _ 4. 2 . 1 87. 7 2 .4 2 .8N ightw ork ______________________________ 36. 1 . - 20. 9 18. 5 _ 24 .7 . 3 3 2 .5 1. 7 1 .2

P h o to e n g ra v e rs _______________________________________ 3 6 .9 - - _ _ _ - _ - _ -D ayw ork ________________________ __ _________ 37. 1 _ _ _ 2. 6 _ 3 2 .3 _ 63. 7 .9 . 5N ightw ork __________________________________________ 36. 8 _ _ _ 9. 7 1 .8 36. 8 5 1 .0 _ . 7

P re ssm e n (journeym en) _________________________ 36. 5 _ - _ . _ - _ _ _ _D ayw ork _________ ____________ __________________ 3 7 .4 _ - _ 3. 6 . 11 .8 _ 7 9 .6 . 3 4. 6N ightw ork _____________________ __ ______ 3 5 .4 - 2 1 .0 4 4 .8 4. 4 7. 1 2. 6 18. 9 _ 1.1

P r e s s m e n -in -c h a r g e 3 6 .6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _D ayw ork ..... ... 3 7 .4 _ - _ 4. 4 _ 10.1 _ 7 9 .3 .3 6 .0N ightw ork __________________________________________ 35. 5 _ - 2 1 .5 37. 9 6 .3 6. 5 6. 0 2 1 .3 - .4

S te r e o ty p e r s ____ ___________________ __ __ ___ 36. 5 - - - - - - - - - -D ayw ork ____________________________ _________ _ 3 7 .2 - - . 6 8 .0 - 6. 8 _ 83. 9 _ . 7N ightw ork __________________________________________ 3 5 .4 - 2 .0 24. 7 14 .0 - 17. 8 - 39. 7 - 1 .8

1 L e ss than 0 .0 5 p ercen t.

N OTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s do not n e ce s s a r ily equal 1 0 0 .0 .

T A B L E 11. Indexes o f union w eek ly hours in the printing tra d es , 1907-55 / ja n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949=10jj7

Y ear A llprintingB ookandjob

N ew spaper Y ea r A llprintingB ookandjob

N ew spaper

1907 May 15 ____________________ (M 144.8 123 .5 1932: M ay 15 115 .2 113.6 117 .51908 May 15 (M 138.1 122 .9 1933: M ay 15 114. 3 112 .5 116 .91909 M ay 15 ____________________ (M 136.9 122 .6 1934: M ay 1 5 ___________________ 108 .4 108 .5 107.61910 M ay 15 ..................... n 136 .5 122 .3 1935: M ay 1 5 ___________________ 106.6 106 .9 105 .81911 M ay 15 ____________________ 133.2 136 .5 122 .3 1936: M ay 15 ___ 106 .2 107 .0 104. 5

1912 M ay 15 ___________________ 133. 1 136 .4 122. 1 1937: M ay 15'___________________ 105.7 106 .8 103 .51913 M ay 15 ____________________ 133 .0 136 .4 122 .0 1938: June 1 ___________________ 105. 1 106 .3 103 .01914 M ay 15 _.. ______ __________ 132.9 136 .4 121.7 1939: June 1 ___________________ 104 .8 106 .0 102 .51915 May 15 ____ 132 .9 136 .4 121.6 1940: June 1 ............. 104 .6 105 .8 102 .21916 M ay 15 ____________________ 132 .9 136 .4 121 .5 1941: June 1 ___________________ 104 .6 105 .8 101 .8

1917:; M ay 1 5 ____________________ 132.9 136 .4 121 .5 1942: July 1 ___________________ 104. 3 105 .8 101.71918:: M ay 1 5 _____________________ 132 .9 136 .4 121 .5 1943: July 1 ___________________ 104 .6 106. 1 101.71919:: M ay 15 132 .9 136 .3 121.7 1944: July 1 ___________________ 104 .6 106. 1 101.71920 : M ay 15 .... ...................... 129 .0 131.2 121.6 1945: July 1 ___________________ 104 .6 106.1 101.71921: M ay 15 ___________________ 121.2 120.7 121 .3 1946: July 1 ___________________ 102 .0 102 .4 101 .3

1922 : M ay 15 ____________________ 120.8 119.2 123.6 1948: Jan. 2 ___________________ 100. 1 100. 1 100 .31923: M av 15 120.2 118 .5 123 .4 1949: July 1 9 9 .9 9 9 .9 9 9 .71924 : M ay 15 ____________________ 119.7 118 .5 121.7 1950: July 1 _ _____ 9 9 .8 9 9 .8 9 9 .51925 : M ay 15 ____________________ 119.7 118.6 121 .4 1951: July 1 ___________________ 99 .7 9 9 .5 9 9 .41926 : M ay 15 119 .6 118 .4 121.6 1952: July 1 ___________________ 9 9 .5 9 9 .2 99. 3

1927 : M ay 15 ____________________ 119 .5 118 .4 121 .3 1953: July 1 ________________ _ 9 9 .5 9 9 .2 9 9 .31928 : M ay 15 ____________________ 119 .5 118 .4 121 .0 1954: July 1 ___________________ 9 9 .4 99. 1 9 9 .21929:: M ay 15 119 .4 118 .3 120 .8 1955: July 1 ___________________ 9 9 ,2 9 8 .9 99. 11930 : M ay 15 ____________________ 119 .3 118.2 120 .61931:: M ay 15 ____________________ 119.2 118 .2 120 .6

C om bined data fo r 1907-10 not availab le


15

T A B L E 1 2 . Indexes o f union w eek ly hours in each printing trade, 190 7 -55

/7 a n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949 = 1007

BOOK AND JOB

Y earB inderyw om en

B ookb in ders

C o m p o s ito r s ,hand

E le c tr o typers

M achineo p e ra

to r s

M achinetenders

(m ach inis ts )

M a ilersP h oto -

en gra v ers

P re s s a s s is t

ants and fe e d e rs

P r e s s m en,

cy lin d er

P r e s s m en,

platen

1907: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 141. 7 127. 1 129. 5 12 8 .4 140. 5 136. 8 133. 51908: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- _ 129. 0 127. 1 129. 0 12 8 .4 - - - 127. 7 130 .2 128. 91909: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- _ 128 .2 127. 1 128. 8 128 .4 - - - 126. 4 128. 3 126 .21910: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- _ 127. 8 127. 1 12 5 .4 128. 4 - - - 126. 2 128. 0 126. 01911: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- - 1 27 .4 127. 1 124. 6 1 2 8 .4 _ ~ 126 .2 128. 0 126. 0

1912: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 1 27 .4 127 .0 124. 6 127 .9 129- 3 _ _ 126 .2 128. 0 126. 01913: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- _ 127 .4 127 .0 124. 4 127 .9 129. 3 - - 125. 8 128. 0 126. 11914: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- _ 127 .4 127. 0 124. 1 127 .9 129. 3 - - 125. 8 128. 0 126. 11915: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 125 .0 1 27 .4 127. 0 124. 1 127 .9 129. 3 - - 125. 8 128. 0 126. 11916: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 125 .0 127 .4 127. 0 124. 0 128. 2 129. 5 133. 1 125. 8 128. 0 126. 1

1917: May 15 -------------------------------------- 125 .0 1 27 .4 127. 0 123 .9 128 .2 129. 5 _ 133. 1 125. 8 128. 0 126. 11918: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 125. 0 127 .4 127. 0 123. 9 128 .2 129. 5 - 132. 7 125. 8 128. 0 126. 1

125 .0 127 .4 127. 0 123 .9 128 .2 129. 5 - 132. 7 125. 8 128. 0 126. 11920: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 125 .0 127 .4 127. 0 123. 8 128 .2 129 .5 - 122. 5 125. 7 128. 0 126. 01921: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 119. 2 120 .9 120. 1 119 .9 121. 5 120. 0 122 .2 119. 0 121 .0 119 .4

1922: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 117. 7 119. 7 117. 7 118. 3 119. 8 1 19 .6 _ 122 .2 117 .7 119. 5 118. 71923: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 117 .2 119 .2 116. 5 119. 3 119 .2 119. 1 - 122 .2 116. 9 119. 0 117. 21924: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 117 .2 118. 7 116. 8 119 .0 118. 8 119 .0 - 122 .2 117. 1 119 .2 117. 51925: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 117 .2 119 .2 116. 8 120. 1 119 .2 119 .3 - 122. 5 116. 8 118. 6 117. 41926: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 117 .4 119. 0 116. 8 120. 1 119. 0 119. 0 122 .2 116. 7 1 18 .4 116 .5

1927: M ay 15 -------------------------------------- 116. 6 118. 6 116. 8 120 .2 119. 2 119. 0 _ 122. 2 116. 6 1 18 .4 116. 51928: M ay 15 --------------