bls_1194_1956.pdf

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1,1955

Bulletin No. 1194

U N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

J a m e s P . M i t c h e l l , S e c r e t a r y

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1, 1955

Bulletin No. 1194M a r c h 1 9 5 6

U N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

J a m e s P . M i t c h e l l , S e c r e t a r y

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D . C. Price 30 cents


Contents

Scope and method of study____________________________________________________________ 1Recent trends of union wage s c a le s _________________________________________________ 1Scale increases , 1954-55 ____________________________________________________________ 2Rate variations by type of work _____________________________________________________ 2City and regional variations _________________________________________________________ 3Standard workweek _____________________________________________________ 4Insurance and pension plans _________________________________________________________ 4Union scales by city and tr a d e _______________________________________________________ 4

Tables:

1. Indexes of union hourly wage scales in the printingtrades, 1907-55 __________________________________________________________ 5

2. Indexes of union hourly wage scales in each printingtrade, 1907-55 ___________________________________________________________ 6

3. Percent changes in union wage rates and percent of unionprinting-trades workers affected, July 1, 1954-July 1, 1955 _______________________________________________________________ 8

4. C ents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent ofunion printing-trades workers affected, July 1, 1954-

5. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing industry,July 1, 1955, and increases in rates, July 1, 1954-July 1, 1955 _______________________________________________________________ 9

6. Increases in union wage rates in the printing trades bycity, region, and industry branch, July 1, 1954-July 1, 1955 _______________________________________________________________ 10

7. Distribution of union m em bers in the printing trades byhourly wage rates and by trade, July 1, 1955 _______________________ 11

8. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades bycity and population group, July 1, 1955 ______________________________ 12

9. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades byregion, and by trade, July 1, 1955 _____________________________________ 13

10. Distribution of union m em bers in the printing trades bystraight-tim e weekly hours, July 1, 1955 ___________________________ 13

11. Indexes of union weekly hours in the printing trades,1907-55 ____________________________________________________________________ 14

12. Indexes oi union weekly hours in each printing trade,1907-55 ____________________________________________________________________ 15

13. Union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades in53 c ities , July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955 ________________________________ 17

Page

iiiDigitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

1U n i o n W a g e s a n d H o u r s i n t h e P r i n t i n g I n d u s t r y , J u l y 1 , 1 9 5 5

Summary

Hourly scales rose an average of 2. 8 percent, or 7 .4 cents, between July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955, for union printing-trades workers in cities with 100, 000 or more population, according to the U. S. Department of Labor s Bureau of Labor Statistics annual survey of union scales in the printing industry. Rates in book and job print shops advanced 7 .6 cents or 3 percent, and those in newspaper establishments, 7 .1 cents or 2 .4 percent.

Labor-management contract revisions effective during the year provided upward scale adjustments for 92 percent of the workers included in the survey. The increases varied from 4 to 8 cents an hour for two-fifths of the printing tradesmen, and amounted to 10 cents or more for a fourth.

As a result of these widespread adjustments, union hourly scales on July 1, 1955,averaged $ 2 .73 for all trades studied $ 2 .5 8 in book and job (commercial) print shops and $ 3 .0 1 in newspaper establishments. Scales for printing tradesmen on the night shift in newspaper plants were, on the average, about 7 percent higher than for those on day shift $ 3 .1 2 compared with $ 2 .9 1 .

No consistent pattern of rate differentials existed among jobs important to both types of printing. Daywork scales for hand compositors averaged 7 cents more on newspaper work than on commercial work. Photoengravers and stereotypers in book and job shops, however, averaged 17 and 20 cents, respectively, above the daywork rates for those occupations in newspaper establishments.

Straight-time weekly work schedules for all workers studied averaged 37.1 hours on July 1, 1955. Standard workweeks of 37 V2hours were most common; such schedules were specified in contracts applying to slightly over half of the union printing-trades workers. Workweeks of 36V4 hours prevailed for a fourth of the workers, while those of 35 hours or less were in effect for a tenth.

Negotiated health and insurance plans covered about two-thirds of the printing tradesmen. Pension programs were provided in labor- management contracts applicable to a fifth of the workers.

1 P r e p a r e d b y J o h n F . L a c i s k e y o f th e B u r e a u 1 s D i v i s io n o f W a g e s an d I n d u s t r ia l R e l a t io n s .

Scope and Method of Study

Union scales are defined as the minimum wage scales or maximum schedules of hours agreed upon through collective bargaining between trade unions and employers. Rates in excess of the negotiated minimum, which may be paid for special qualifications or other reasons, are not included.

The information presented in this report was based on union scales in effect on July 1, 1955, and covered approximately 125, 000 printing-trades workers in 53 cities with population of 100, 000 or more. Data were obtained primarily from local union officials by mail questionnaire; in some instances, Bureau representatives visited local union officials to obtain the desired information.

The current survey was designed to reflect union wage scales in the printing industry in all cities of 100, 000 or more population. All cities with 500, 000 or more population were included, as were most cities in the population group of 250,000 to 500,000. The cities in the 100, 000 to 250, 000 group selected for study were distributed widely throughout the United States. The data for some of the cities included in the study in the two smaller size groups were weighted to compensate for the other cities which were not surveyed. In order to provide appropriate representation in the combination of data, each geographic region and population group were considered separately when city weights were assigned.

Average hourly scales, designed to show current levels, are based on all scales reported in effect on July 1, 1955. Individual scalesare weighted by the number of union members having each rate. These averages are not designed for precise year-to-year comparisons because of fluctuations in membership and in job classifications studied. Average cents-per- hour and percent changes from July 1, 1954,to July 1, 1955, are based on comparablequotations for the various occupational classifications in both periods weighted by the membership reported for the current survey. The index series, designed for trend purposes, is similarly constructed.

Recent Trends of Union Wage Scales

Negotiated scale changes which became effective between July 1, 1954, and July 1,1955, as provided in labor-management contracts, raised the level of union hourly scales for printing-trades workers 2. 8 percent. The

1


2rise, which closely approximated the 2 .9 percent gain in the previous year, advanced the Bureaufs index of union wage scales to 130.7 (table l). Reflected in the advance were upward adjustments of 3 percent in book and job shops and of 2.4 percent in newspaper establishments.

The increase in terms of cents per hour averaged 7 .4 cents for all trades combined, 7 .6 cents for book and job print shops, and 7. 1 cents for newspaper plants. In the latter establishments, wage adjustments during the year were virtually identical for day and night shift workers (table 5).

On a regional basis, average scale advances varied by type of printing. In newspaper plants, the increases ranged from 4 .9 cents in the Southeast to 7 .9 cents in the Middle Atlantic and Border States, and for book and job shops, from 5 .8 cents in the Southeast to 13. 1 cents in the Mountain States. Overall, the increases represented gains of 1 .8 to 2 .7 percent in newspaper printing and 2 .4 to 5 .8 percent in book and job shops (table 6).

Scale Increases, 1954-55

Many of the current labor-management contracts were negotiated for periods of 1 to 2 years; a few were for longer periods. The number of contracts of more than a year*s duration has increased somewhat in the past year. Frequently, these contracts contained provisions for wage reopenings or indicated interim or deferred increases to become effective on specified dates. Cost-of-living escalator clauses linking scale changes to the movement of the BBS Consumer Price Index were contained in a few agreements.

Although contract provisions effective in the year ending July 1, 1955, resulted in increased scales for 92 percent of the printing- trades workers in both branches of the industry, the proportion of workers benefiting from rate changes varied among the individual trades. Two-thirds or more of the workers in each trade had their scale adjusted upward during the year. Increased rates were reported for at least 90 percent of the workers in all of the trades studied in newspaper establishments and for 8 of the 12 trades in book and job shops (table 4).

The rise in average hourly scales during the 12 months varied from 7 .7 to 9 .1 cents for 9 of the trades in book and job shops, and from 4 .4 to 5.7 cents for the other 3 trades. In newspaper establishments, the average hourly rises ranged from 6 .1 to 8.9 cents among the trades studied (table 5).

Percentagewise, the increase in rates ranged from 2 .6 to 3.5 percent for all book and job trades except electrotypers and stereo

typers. These trades advanced their average scales 1.5 and 1.9 percent, respectively. The greater gains were registered by the lower paid crafts. In newspaper plants, average advances varied from 2 percent for machine tenders (machinists) to 2. 8 percent for stereotypers and pressmen-in-charge.

For more than half of the workers affected by such changes, increases ranged from 4 to 10 cents an hour in book and job shops, and from 4 to 8 cents in newspaper plants (table 4). Of every 100 printing-trades workers whose scales were increased in book and job shops, 20 had advances of 4 to 6 cents, 18 of 6 to 8 cents, 18 of 8 to 10 cents, and 23 of 10 to 15 cents.2 In newspaper establishments, the comparable proportions were 27, 30, 13,and 14.

The advances represented gains of 2 to 5 percent for approximately seven-tenths of the workers benefiting from scale revisions in book and job print shops, and from 2 to 4 percent for a similar proportion in newspaper establishments (table 3).

Rate Variations by Type of Work

Book and job shops produce many different items in varying quantities; newspaper plants, on the other hand, are geared to mass production of a single, recurring item at regular predetermined intervals. Thus, the composition of the work force in each type of printing establishment differs materially. A substantial proportion of the work force in commercial shops is comprised of bindery women, mailers, and press assistants and feeders who typically p e r fo r m ro u tin e and less skilled tasks; innewspaper printing, however, journeymen are required in greater proportions to meet daily demands. These different work-force requirements are reflected in the average rates, which take into account the number of printing-trades workers at the various rates of pay in each type of establishment.

Hourly scales of union printing-trades workers on July 1, 1955, averaged $ 3 .0 1 innewspaper plants and $ 2 .5 8 in commercial shops. On newspapers, day shift workers averaged $ 2 .9 1 an hour, and night shift workers, $ 3 .1 2 (table 7). Daywork scales on newspapers were, on the average, I 2 l l z percent above those in commercial shops, and 7 percent below those for nightwork on newspapers. Night shift workers in book and job shops were excluded from the survey because the number of workers normally employed on this shift is relatively small.

2 F o r p r o p o r t io n s o f a l l p r in t in g - t r a d e s w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g i n c r e a s e s o f v a r y in g a m o u n t s , s e e t a b le 4 .


3Negotiated rates in effect on July 1, 1955, in book and job shops varied from $ 1 for bindery women in Jacksonville, Fla. , to $ 3. 83 for photoengravers in New York City and for machine operators setting Czechoslovak text in Chicago. Hourly rates of $ 2 .5 0 to $3 were provided in labor-management contracts applicable to 40 percent of the printing tradesmen in commercial shops. Wage rates of $ 3 or more were reported in effect for 27 percent and $2 to $2 .50 for 12 percent. Nearly three- fifths of the bindery women had negotiated scales varying from $ 1 .4 0 to $ 1 .6 0 an hour, and almost a fourth had rates of $ 1.60 to$ 1. 811/2---- the highest rate reported for thisgroup of workers. Scales of less than $ 1 .8 0 were also indicated for 1 of every 3 mailers and for about 1 of every 14 press assistants and feeders. All photoengravers had hourly rates of at least $ 2 .6 0 an hour; 1 of every 3 had rates of $ 3 .6 0 or more.

Individual scales in newspaper establishments ranged from $1.87V2 for mailers on the day shift in New Orleans to $4 . 19 for night shift compositors on Hebrew-American newspapers in New York City. Negotiated scales of $ 2 .5 0 to $3 an hour were specified for 60 percent of the day shift workers and 33 percent of the night shift workers; contracts stipulating rates of $ 3 or more were applicable to 36 percent of workers on daywork and to 66 percent of those on nightwork. Hourly rates of $3 .5 0 or more were reported for some workers in all crafts but one; nearly a fourth of the photo - engravers and pressmen-in-charge had such scales. Contracts providing scales of less than $ 2 .5 0 an hour prevailed for about 17 percent of the mailers.

On July 1, 1955, photoengravers had thehighest average scale in both branches of the industry $ 3 .3 5 in book and job shops, and $ 3 .3 2 in newspaper plants. Bindery women in commercial shops and mailers on newspapers had the lowest, $ 1 .5 0 and $ 2 .7 1 , respectively. Whereas all other printing trades in newspaper establishments had scales averaging in excess of $ 3 an hour, electrotypers and stereotypers were the only other trades in book and job shops to have such scales. Among the important jobs common to both types of printing, no consistent pattern of rate differentials was discernible. Daywork scales for hand compositors averaged higher in newspaper printing than in commercial printing, $2.95 compared with $2 . 88 an hour. Photoengravers in book and job shops, however, averaged 17 cents higher than for daywork in newspaper plants (table 9).

Nightwork scales on newspapers were, on the average, 7 .2 percent above daywork scales. Among trades, the differential amounted to 4 .7

percent for machine tenders, 5 .7 percent for hand compositors and machine operators, and from 8.8 to 10. 6 percent for the other trades.

City and Regional Variations

Increased scales became effective between July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955, for some printing- trades workers in each of the 53 cities surveyed. The average hourly increase varied from 4 to 8 cents in book and job printing in a majority of the cities and from 4 to 10 cents in newspaper printing in 2 of every 3 cities. Scales advanced an average of 10 cents or more for book and job shops in 1 of every 4 cities, and for newspaper shops in 1 of every 8 cities (table 6).

The city and regional averages presented in tables 8 and 9 are designed to show current levels of rates; they do not measure differences in union scales among areas. Scales for individual crafts do, of course, vary from city to city. The city and regional averages, however, are influenced not only by differences in rates among cities and regions but also by differences in the proportion of organized workers in the various crafts. Thus, a particular craft or classification may not be organized in some areas or may be organized less intensively in some areas than in others; and, also, certain types of work are found in some areas but not in others, or to a greater extent in some areas than in others. These differences are reflected in the weighting of individual rates by the number of workers employed. Thus, even if all individual craft rates in two areas are identical, the average for all crafts combined for the areas may differ.

When the cities included in the survey were grouped according to population size (table 8), the average union hourly rate for book and job printing in the group of cities with 1, 000, 000 or more population was $ 2 .7 5 , and in those with 100,000 to 250,000 population, $ 2 .3 7 . In newspaper printing, the comparable averages were $3. 18 and $ 2 .8 2 . For both types of printing, average scales for the group of cities with 250, 000 to 500, 000 population were 17 cents higher than those for the cities in the 100, 000 to 250,000 population group. Scale levels among the cities in the different size groups overlapped. For example, the average scale for Seattle in the 250, 000 to 500, 000 group was higher than the average for each of the cities in the next larger size group and for all but one of those in the 1, 000,000 or more group in both newspaper and commercial printing.

Regionally, union hourly scales for all printing-trades workers combined averaged highest ($2. 85) on the Pacific Coast and lowest ($2 .57) in the Border States. Average scales


4in book and job shops ranged from $2 .3 2 in the Border States to $2 .75 in the Pacific region, and in newspaper establishments from $2.73 in the Southeast to $3 .90 in the Middle Atlantic States (table 9).

Standard Workweek

Straight-time weekly work schedules showed little change between July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955. The changes that did occur had no effect on the average workweek which has remained at 37. 1 hours for the past 5 years. Standard workweeks for day shift workers averaged 37.2 hours in both commercial and newspaper establishments; newspaper workers on the night shift had an average schedule of 36.3 hours (table 10).

The predominant straight-time workweek consisted of 37 l ! z hours; this schedule was negotiated for virtually half of the printing - trades workers in book and job shops and for nearly three-fifths of those in newspaper plants. Workweeks of 36V* hours were specified in labor-management contracts applicable to 29 percent of the commercial shop workers and 21 percent of the newspaper workers. Standard weekly schedules of 35 hours or less were more prevalent in newspaper establishments than in book and job shops. Such schedules were in effect for 17 percent of the newspaper printing-trades workers and for 5 percent of the commercial workers. Workweeks of more than 37 V2 hours affected 11 percent of the workers in book and job shops and 2 percent of those in newspaper plants.

Labor-management contracts for newspaper work usually specify shorter work schedules for nightwork than for daywork. Schedules of 36V4 hours prevailed for 25 percent and 16 percent, respectively, of the workers on night and day shifts; workweeks of less than 3674 hours were applicable to 29 percent of the night shift workers as compared with 7 percent of those on the day shift.

Insurance and Pension Plans

Negotiated health, insurance, and pension programs in the printing industry, have increased in recent years, although at a less

rapid rate than in some other industries. The rate of development has undoubtedly been influenced by programs operated by a number of printing-trades unions for many years and which provide members with one or more types of benefits, such as death, old-age, sickness, and disability.

Between July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955,the proportion of workers covered by each type of plan increased slightly. As in the earlier study, a substantially greater proportion of organized printing-trades workers were included in negotiated health and insurance programs than in pension programs. On July 1, 1955, labor-management contracts providing for health and insurance plans affected nearly two-thirds of the printing tradesmen; pension plan provisions were applicable to a fifth of the workers.

Health and insurance programs were slightly more prevalent for printing-trades workers in book and job shops than in newspaper plants 69 percent as compared with 62 percent. Pension plan provisions were in effect for 13 percent of the commercial shop workers and for 32 percent of those on newspapers.

Employer-financed plans prevailed for nine-tenths of the workers covered by health and insurance provisions and for four-fifths of those included under pension programs.

Union Scales by City and Trade

Union scales of wages and hours in effect on July 1, 1954, and July 1, 1955, for theindividual trades in each of the 53 cities included in the study are shown in table 13.

3 T h e p r e v a le n c e o f n e g o t ia te d h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s io n p r o g r a m s in th e p r in t in g in d u s t r y w a s f i r s t s tu d ie d in J u l y 1 9 5 4 . In f o r m a t io n f o r th e s e p la n s w a s r e s t r i c t e d to th o s e f in a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y th e e m p lo y e r o r j o in t l y b y th e w o r k e r s a n d e m p lo y e r s . P la n s f in a n c e d b y w o r k e r s th ro u g h u n io n d u e s o r a s s e s s m e n t s w e r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s tu d y . N o a t t e m p t w a s m a d e to s e c u r e in f o r m a t io n on th e k in d a n d e x te n t o f b e n e f i t s p r o v id e d o r on th e c o s t o f p la n s p r o v id in g s u c h b e n e f i t s .


5T A B L E 1 . Indexes1 o f union h ou rly w age s ca le s in the printing tra d es , 1907-55

/ J a n . 2 , 1948 - J u ly 1, 1949 = 100/

Y e a r

1907: M a y 15 -------1908: M ay 15 -------1909: M ay 15 --------1910: M ay 15 --------1911: M ay 15 --------

TSooF "B55FP r in t in g and N e w sp ap e r

(? )

0(*)( 2 )

1 9 .9

job

15 . 016 . 6 17 . 8 18. 8 1 9 .3

1 9 .42 0 .42 1 .322 . 02 2 .4

1932:1933:1934:1935:1936:

Y e a r

M ay 15 -----M ay 1 5 -----M ay 15 -----M ay 15 ------M ay 1 5 -----

P r in t in g and N e w sp ap e r

4 7 . 54 8 .5 50 . 35 1 .5

job

50 . 6 4 7 . 8 4 9 . 1 5 0 .251 . 6

5 0 .0 4 6 .8 4 7 .4 50 . 35 1 .0

1912: M ay 15 1913: M ay 15 1914: M ay 15 1915: M ay 15 1916: M ay 15

20 . 3 20 . 7 21 . 0 21 . 2 2 1 .4

19. 6 2 0 .0 2 0 .4 20 . 5 20 . 8

22. 8 2 3 .2 23 . 5 23 . 6 23 . 7

1937: M ay 15 ---------------------1938: Ju ne 1 ----------------------1939: Ju ne 1 ------ ----1940: June 1 ----------------------1941: June 1 ----------------------

5 3 .2 5 4 .9 5 5 .45 6 .2 5 6 .8

5 3 .3 5 5 .1 5 5 .5 5 6 .0 56 . 6

5 2 .9 5 4 .3 5 5 .0 5 6 .25 6 .9

1917: M ay 15 1918: M a y 15 1919: M a y 15 1920: M a y 15 1921: M ay 15

2 2 . 1 24 . 0 2 9 .4 37 . 7 4 1 .3

2 1 . 52 3 .92 9 .43 8 .4 4 2 .2

24 . 3 1942: J u ly 1 ------- --------------25 . 5 1943: J u ly 1 ----------------------30 . 8 1944: J u ly 1 ----------------------37 . 6 1945: J u ly 1 ----------------------4 0 .9 1946: J u ly 1 ----------------------

5 9 .3 6 1 .1 62 . 6 63 . 5 74 . 3

5 9 .1 60 . 7 6 2 .3 63 . 17 4 .2

5 9 .4 6 1 .9 6 3 .3 6 4 .17 4 .5

1922: M ay 1 5 --------- 1923: M ay 15 ------------1924: M a y 1 5 ------------1925: M ay 1 5 ------------1926: M ay 15 ------------

4 1 .8 4 3 . 0 4 5 . 145 . 84 6 . 8

4 2 .4 44 . 1 4 5 .94 6 .44 7 .4

4 1 .3 41 . 844 . 345 . 146 . 1

1948: J a n . 2 ---------1949: J u ly 1 ---------1950: J u ly 1 ---------1951: J u ly 1 ---------1952: J u ly 1 ---------

9 4 .3 105. 7 1 0 7 .9 1 1 2 .4 118. 8

9 4 .3 105. 7 1 0 8 .2 112.1 1 1 9 .3

9 4 .3 105. 7 1 0 7 .4 112. 7 117. 6

1927: M a y 15 1928: M ay 15 1929: M a y 15 1930: M a y 15 1931: M ay 15

48 . 2 4 9 .149 . 850 . 6 50 . 8

48 . 6 4 9 .2 4 9 .950 . 851 . 1

4 7 .448 . 649 . 550 . 0 5 0 .1

1953:1954:1955:

J u ly 1 J u ly 1 J u ly 1

1 2 3 .5 127. 1 130. 7

1 2 4 .0 1 2 2 .31 2 7 .6 1 2 5 .91 3 1 .4 1 2 8 .9

1 In d e x s e r ie s d esign ed fo r tre n d p u rp o s e s ; p e r io d ic a l chang es in un io n s c a le s a re b ased on c o m p a ra b le quotations fo r the v a r io u s o ccup atio n s in c o n se c u tiv e p e r io d s w e igh ted by n u m b er of un io n m e m b e rs re p o rte d e ach quotation in the c u r r e n t s u rv e y p e rio d .

2 Co m b ined data fo r y e a rs 1907-10 not a v a ila b le .


6T A B L E 2 . In d e x e s 1 of un ion h o u r ly wage s c a le s in each p r in t in g tr a d e , 1907-55

/ J a n . 2 , 1948 - J u ly 1, 1949 = 100/

B O O K A N D JO B

Y e a r B in d e rywom enB o o k

b in d e rs

C o m p o s ito rs , hand

E le c t r o ty p e rs

M ach in eo p e ra to rs

M ach in ete n d e rs(m a c h in

is t s )

M a ile r sPho to -

eng ra v e rs

P r e s s a s s i s t

ants and fe e d e rs

P r e s s m en ,

c y l in d e r

P r e s s m en ,

p la ten

1907: M ay 15 -------------------------------- 16. 7 1 7 .9 17. 1 2 0 . 3 13. 0 1 8 .4 17. 31908 : M a y 15 -------------------------------- - 1 8 .5 1 7 .9 17. 1 2 1 .0 - - - 1 4 .4 1 9 .3 1 7 .91909: M ay 15 -------------------------------- - 18. 7 1 7 .9 1 7 .2 2 1 .8 - - - 14. 6 2 0 .9 18. 51910: M ay 15 -------------------------------- - 1 8 .9 18 . 7 1 7 .9 22 . 6 - - - 1 4 .9 2 1 .0 1 8 .81911: M ay 15 -------------------------------- - 1 9 .2 1 9 .2 1 8 .9 22 . 8 " - * 15. 5 2 1 .5 1 9 .2

1912 : M ay 15 -------------------------------- 1 9 .3 1 9 .6 1 9 .2 2 3 .4 2 2 .4 . . 15. 8 2 1 .8 19 . 51913: M ay 15 -------------------------------- - 1 9 .8 1 9 .9 1 9 .6 2 4 .0 2 2 . 8 - - 16. 1 22 . 1 1 9 .81914 : M a y 15 -------------------------------- - 2 0 . 1 2 0 .4 20 . 5 2 4 .2 2 2 .8 - - 1 6 .6 22 . 6 2 0 .21915: M a y 15 -------------------------------- 16. 8 2 0 .2 2 0 .5 2 0 .9 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 - - 16. 7 22 . 6 2 0 .21916: M ay 15 -------------------------------- 1 7 .1 2 0 .2 2 0 .9 2 1 .5 2 4 . 3 2 3 .0 20 . 5 1 6 .9 2 2 .9 2 0 . 6

1917: M a y 1 5 -------------------------------- 1 8 .3 2 1 .4 2 1 .3 2 2 .2 2 4 .9 2 3 .5 . 2 2 . 3 1 7 .8 2 3 .4 2 1 .71918: M a y 15 - ..................................... 2 0 .4 2 4 . 1 2 3 .5 23 . 3 2 6 .9 2 5 .8 - 23 . 6 20 . 8 2 5 .9 2 3 .91919: M a y 1 5 -------------------------------- 2 6 .4 3 0 .8 2 8 .8 26 . 7 32 . 5 3 1 .8 - 27 . 5 26 . 8 3 1 .4 29 . 31920: M a y 1 5 -------------------------------- 3 6 .5 4 0 .4 3 7 .9 3 8 .2 4 1 .3 39 . 8 - 3 8 .0 36 . 8 4 0 . 8 39 . 71921: M ay 1 5 ............................................................ 42 . 6 4 4 . 3 4 3 .4 44 . 5 4 6 .8 4 6 . 0 - 4 0 . 5 39 . 8 4 5 .0 44 . 3

1922: M a y 1 5 .................................................. 4 1 .2 42 . 5 4 4 .2 4 5 .4 4 6 . 8 4 5 .5 4 0 .9 38 . 5 44 . 0 4 3 .41923: M ay 1 5 -------------------------------- 4 3 . 1 45 . 1 4 5 .2 4 8 .2 4 7 . 7 4 6 .4 - 4 1 .3 4 3 .2 47 . 5 4 5 .21924: M ay 15 ------ - .................. 4 3 . 7 47 . 1 4 7 .3 5 0 .0 49 . 7 4 8 .4 - 4 4 .2 42 . 8 4 8 .9 4 6 .61925: M a y 1 5 ........................................................ 4 4 .2 4 7 . 6 4 7 .0 49 . 8 4 9 . 7 4 8 . 5 - 4 5 . 3 4 5 .2 49 . 5 46 . 81926: M a y 1 5 -------------------------------- 4 3 .4 4 8 .4 4 7 .9 50 . 3 5 0 .3 5 0 .2 - 4 8 .2 45 . 7 50 . 5 4 9 .0

1927 : M ay 1 5 ............................... .......... 4 4 .4 4 9 . 5 48 . 8 5 0 .9 52 . 3 5 0 .4 5 0 .5 46 . 3 50 . 6 4 9 . 51928: M a y 15 .............................................. 44 . 6 4 9 .3 49 . 5 5 1 .3 5 2 .4 50 . 7 - 5 1 .9 4 6 .6 5 1 .0 48 . 61929: M a y 1 5 -------------------------------- 4 5 .0 4 9 . 8 49 . 8 52. 5 5 3 .3 5 1 .1 - 52 . 7 4 7 .0 5 1 .9 4 9 .41930: M a y 1 5 -------------------------------- 4 5 .3 5 0 .4 5 0 .9 54 . 0 54 . 7 52 . 0 - 52 . 8 47 . 6 52 . 8 5 0 .21931 : M ay 15 ................ .......... ........ - 4 5 .5 50 . 6 5 1 .1 5 5 .2 5 5 .0 5 2 .5 " 5 2 .9 4 7 .9 5 3 .2 5 0 .4

1932: M a y 1 5 .............. ........ 4 4 . 4 4 8 .8 5 1 .0 5 5 .0 5 5 .0 5 2 .9 54 . 5 45 . 8 5 1 .8 4 9 .41933: M a y 15 - - -------------------- 42 . 6 4 7 .0 4 7 .9 5 1 .5 5 1 .6 4 9 . 8 - 53 . 5 42 . 7 48 . 6 4 6 .01934: M a y 1 5 ....................... - - 4 4 .8 4 8 .8 4 8 .4 55 . 1 5 1 .7 5 1 .3 - 54 . 3 44 . 3 4 9 .9 4 7 .21935: M ay 1 5 ----------------------- -------- 4 5 .2 4 9 .4 49 . 3 5 6 .0 52 . 5 5 1 .5 - 5 7 .8 45 . 3 50 . 6 4 7 . 61936: M a y 1 5 -------------------------------- 46 . 1 5 0 . 1 50 . 8 56. 2 54 . 3 53 . 1 ~ 5 9 .2 46 . 8 52 . 7 4 9 . 5

1937: M ay 15 - ----- ----- 4 6 .8 5 1 .5 52 . 7 5 6 .9 55 . 8 54 . 7 4 8 . 1 5 9 .9 4 9 .2 54 . 5 5 1 .81938 : Ju n e 1 ------------------------------------------- 4 9 .1 5 3 .4 5 4 .4 5 9 .5 5 7 .4 56 . 3 5 1 .0 6 1 .4 51 . 8 56 . 2 5 3 .41939: Ju n e 1 ------------------------------------------- 49 . 8 5 4 .4 54 . 7 5 9 .9 57 . 6 56 . 5 5 1 .9 6 1 .9 52 . 1 56 . 6 5 3 .91940: Ju ne 1 ------------------------------------------- 5 0 .0 54 . 7 55. 6 60 . 1 58 . 0 5 7 .2 53 . 3 6 2 .4 5 2 .4 5 6 .9 54 . 21941: Ju n e 1 ------------------------------------------- 51 . 1 5 5. 5 56. 5 6 1 .3 58 . 5 57 . 6 5 3 .9 6 2 .6 53. 0 5 7 .4 54 . 7

1942 : J u ly 1 ------- ------- - ----- 5 4 .1 5 8 .4 58 . 5 6 2 .4 6 1 .2 60 . 3 56 . 7 63 . 8 56. 1 6 0 .2 5 7 .41943: J u ly 1 --------------------------------------------- 5 5 .8 60 . 6 6 0 .2 64. 1 63 . 0 62 . 1 57 . 7 6 4 .1 57. 9 6 1 .9 5 9 .21944; J u ly 1 --------------------------------------------- 58 . 6 6 1 .5 62 . 1 65 . 6 63 . 5 63 . 5 59 . 0 6 7 .4 5 9 .2 62 . 7 6 0 .21945: J u ly 1 - ------------------ 5 9 .8 6 1 .8 62 . 8 6 6 .9 6 4 .2 64 . 5 60 . 0 6 8 .9 60 . 0 6 3 .4 6 0 .91946: J u ly 1 ----------- - - - 7 2 .7 7 4 .0 7 3 .4 7 6 .2 74 . 8 73 . 7 72 . 6 78. 6 72 . 5 7 4 .2 7 1 .9

1948: J a n . 2 ------------------------------------------- 9 5 .3 9 4 . 6 9 4 .2 9 3 .0 9 4 . 1 9 4 . 3 9 2 .8 9 2 . 8 94 . 8 94 . 8 94 . 51949 : J u ly 1 --------------------------------------------- 104 . 7 1 0 5 .4 1 0 5 .8 1 0 7 .0 1 0 5 .9 105 . 7 1 0 7 .2 1 0 7 .2 1 0 5 .2 1 0 5 .2 105 . 51950: J u ly 1 .......................................... ........ 10 8 .1 1 0 8 .3 107. 5 110 . 6 107. 1 106 . 8 1 0 8 .9 110. 6 107 . 8 107 . 6 108 . 61951: J u ly 1 --------------------------------------------- 112. 7 1 1 1 .2 1 1 1 .2 1 1 4 .4 110. 6 110 . 1 1 1 4 .3 114. 8 112. 5 1 1 1 .7 113 . 11952: J u ly 1 --------------------------------------------- 1 2 0 .3 1 1 9 .4 1 1 8 .0 1 1 9 .5 118 . 1 1 1 7 .4 1 1 9 .5 1 2 3 .2 118 . 7 1 1 8 .9 119 . 5

1953: J u ly 1 --------------- ----- ----------------- 125. 7 1 2 3 .3 1 2 2 .8 123. 8 122. 6 122 . 8 1 2 5 .9 1 2 8 .5 123 . 8 1 2 3 .4 124 . 11954: J u ly 1 --------------------------------------------- 1 3 1 .0 1 2 6 .5 1 2 5 .8 127 . 3 125. 5 1 2 6 .0 1 3 0 .9 1 3 3 .1 127. 6 126. 7 127. 51955: J u ly 1 .......................................................... 1 3 5 .6 130. 7 129 .7 129. 1 1 2 9 .6 130. 0 1 3 5 .4 1 3 6 .6 132. 1 130. 4 131. 8

S e e fo o tn o te a t end o f t a b le .


7N E W S P A P E R

TA B L E 2 .-In dexes1 o f union h ou rly w age s ca le s in each prin ting trade, 1907-55 - Continued

/J a n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949 = 100/

Y e a rC o m p o s i

t o r s ,hand

M ach in eo p e ra to rs

M ach in ete n d e rs

(m a c h in is t s )

M a ile r s P h o to - e n g ra ve rs

Web p re s s m e n

3 J o u rn e y m en

M e n - in -ch a rg e

Jo u rn e y m en and m e n - in - ch a rg e

com b ined

S te re o ty p e rs

1907: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 19. 8 2 0 .3 1 8 .3 20 . 51908: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 2 0 .9 2 1 .2 - - - - - 1 9 .5 2 1 .61909: M a y 15 ------------------- ----------------- 2 2 .0 2 1 .9 - - - - - 2 0 .3 2 2 .31910: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 23 . 0 2 2 . 6 - - - - - 2 1 .0 2 2 .81911: M ay 15 - ............................................................. 2 3 .4 2 2 . 7 - - - 2 1 .1 2 3 .0

1912: M ay 1 5 ......................................................................... 2 3 .9 2 3 .2 25 . 1 2 1 .4 2 3 . 31913: M ay 15 ------------------------------------- 2 4 .3 2 3 . 6 25 . 3 - - - - 2 1 .9 2 4 . 71914 : M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 24 . 6 2 3 . 8 2 5 .4 - - - - 2 2 .0 2 5 .01915: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 24 . 7 2 4 . 0 25 . 6 - - - - 2 2 .2 2 5 .01916: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 2 4 . 8 2 4 .2 25 . 7 - 2 2 .4 " ~ 2 2 .3 2 5 .3

1917: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 2 5 .4 2 4 .9 2 5 ,9 _ 2 3 .4 . _ 2 2 . 7 2 5 .91918: M ay 1 5 --------- ------------------------------ 2 6 .6 25 . 7 2 7 .2 - 2 5 .3 - - 2 4 .5 2 7 .01919 : M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 3 1 .9 3 1 .3 3 4 .5 - 2 9 .8 - - 3 0 .2 3 0 .41920: M a y 1 5 --------------------------------------- 3 8 .8 38 . 8 42 . 6 - 3 4 .4 - - 3 7 .3 3 7 .11921: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 42 . 3 4 1 .3 44 . 5 - 40 . 6 - - 3 9 .9 4 3 .2

1922 : M ay 1 5 ......................................................................... 43 . 3 4 2 .4 4 4 .9 42 . 6 3 7 .9 4 2 . 61923: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 43 . 7 4 2 .9 4 5 .0 - 4 2 .4 - - 3 8 .4 4 3 .41924: M ay 1 5 ......................................................................... 46 . 0 4 5 .4 47 . 5 _ 4 4 .2 - - 4 2 . 7 4 4 . 71925: M ay 15 ......................................................................... 46 . 3 4 6 .3 4 6 .2 - 4 5 .9 - - 4 4 . 6 4 5 .91926: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 4 7 .4 4 7 .5 4 5 . 8 - 4 9 .4 - - 4 4 . 6 4 6 .5

1927: M ay 1 5 --------------------------------------- 49 . 0 4 8 .5 4 8 .4 _ 5 0 .1 _ 4 6 .9 4 7 .01928: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 4 9 .9 5 0 .3 4 9 .5 - 5 2 .1 - - 4 8 .0 4 7 .01929: M a y 15 --------------------------------------- 5 0 .8 5 0 .8 50 . 6 - 5 2 .4 - - 4 8 .1 4 9 .31930: M a y 1 5 --------------------------------------- 5 1 .3 5 1 .2 5 1 .0 - 5 3 .2 - - 4 9 .0 4 9 . 61931: M ay 1 5 ...................... 5 1 .3 5 1 .3 5 1 .1 - 53 . 7 - - 4 9 .2 4 9 .9

1932: M a y 15 ............ ............................... 50 . 8 5 0 .9 50 . 8 54 . 3 4 9 .9 4 9 .41933: M a y 1 5 ......................................................................... 4 7 .4 4 7 . 6 4 7 .2 - 5 0 .3 - _ 4 6 . 7 4 6 .61934: M ay 15 --------------------------------------- 4 8 . 1 4 8 .2 47 . 8 - 5 2 .6 - - 4 6 .8 4 7 .31935: M a y 15 --------------------------------------- 5 1 .3 5 1 .4 51 . 0 - 55 . 1 . . 4 9 .4 4 9 .51936: M a y 1 5 ................................................................. 5 2 .2 5 2 .3 5 2 .0 - 5 6 .5 - - 4 9 . 6 5 0 .2

1937 : M a y 15 --------------------------------------- 5 4 .4 5 4 .5 5 4 .2 47 . 1 5 7 .5 5 1 .2 5 1 .81938: Ju n e 1 ---------------------------------------- 5 5 .5 5 5 .8 55 . 5 4 8 .3 6 0 .4 _ _ 5 2 .6 5 3 .61939: Ju n e 1 ---------------------------------------- 5 5 .9 5 6 .2 55 . 8 48 . 7 6 1 .7 53 . 7 55 . 0 53 . 8 5 4 .11940: Ju ne 1 ---------------------------------------- 57 . 1 5 7 .2 56 . 8 5 0 .2 62 . 3 5 4 .9 5 6 .2 55 . 1 5 5 .71941: Ju n e 1 ---- --------------------------------- 5 7 .8 5 7 .8 5 7 .5 5 2 .2 62 . 6 55 . 7 5 6 .9 5 5 .9 5 6 .6

1942: J u ly 1 ..............- ............................. 6 0 .2 6 0 .3 6 0 .2 55 . 6 6 3 .9 57 . 8 5 9 .3 5 8 .0 5 9 .31943: J u ly 1 .................................................. 6 2 .8 62 . 6 62 . 7 58 . 5 64 . 7 60 . 7 6 2 .0 6 0 .9 6 1 .81944: J u ly 1 ............................................................................. 6 4 .0 6 4 .0 6 4 .1 5 9 .3 6 6 .4 6 2 .2 63 . 5 6 2 .4 6 3 .51945: J u ly 1 - ...................................................... 6 4 .8 64 . 7 6 4 .9 60 . 3 67. 8 63 . 3 6 4 .4 6 3 .4 6 4 .01946: J u ly 1 .............................................................................. 74 . 1 7 4 .4 74. 6 7 3 .4 77 . 8 74. 7 75. 7 7 4 .8 7 4 .0

1948: J a n . 2 .......... ..................... 9 5 .2 9 5 .1 9 5 .1 9 3 .4 9 4 .4 9 3 .2 93 . 7 9 3 .2 9 3 .11949: J u ly 1 ................................... - - 104 . 8 1 0 4 .9 1 0 4 .9 106. 6 105 . 6 106 . 8 1 0 6 .3 1 0 6 .8 1 0 6 .91950 : J u ly 1 ........................... 1 0 6 .2 1 0 6 .1 1 0 6 .0 108. 3 1 0 7 .4 109 . 1 1 0 9 .3 1 0 9 .2 1 0 9 .41951 : J u ly 1 ......................................................... 111 . 1 1 1 1 .0 110 . 8 1 1 4 .2 111. 8 1 1 5 .0 1 1 4 .8 1 1 5 .0 1 1 4 .81952 : J u ly 1 .............................................................................. 1 1 5 .9 1 1 5 .8 115 . 7 1 2 1 .3 1 1 6 .4 1 1 9 .0 1 1 8 .5 1 1 8 .9 1 2 0 .2

1953: J u ly 1 .................... ........................... 1 2 0 .1 1 2 0 .0 1 1 9 .4 126. 5 120. 8 124 . 7 1 2 4 .4 124 . 6 1 2 3 .51954: J u ly 1 ............................................................................. 1 2 3 .4 1 2 3 .2 122 . 5 130. 8 1 2 3 .9 128 . 6 1 2 8 .5 1 2 8 .5 127 . 7

126. 1 1 2 5 .9 1 2 5 .0 134 .3 1 2 6 .9 132. 1 132. 1 1 3 2 .0 1 3 1 .3

1 In d e x s e r ie s d es ig n ed fo r tre n d p u rp o s e s ; p e r io d ic a l chang es in un io n s c a le s a re b ased on c o m p a ra b le quotations fo r the v a r io u s o ccup atio n s in c o n se c u tiv e p e r io d s , w e igh ted by n u m b er o f un io n m e m b e rs re p o rte d a t each quotation in the c u r r e n t s u r v e y p e r io d .


8T A B L E 3 . P e rce n t changes in union wage rates and p ercen t o f union prin ting-trades w ork ers a ffected , July 1, 1954 - July 1, 1955

P e rc e n t a ffe c te d by

P e rc e n t of un ion p r in t in g trad e s w o rk e r s re c e iv in g in c re a s e s of

T rad eIn c re a s e Nochange

U nd er2

p e rc e n t

2 and under 3 p e rc e n t

3 and u n d er 4 p e rc e n t


5 and un d e r 6 p e rc e n t


8 and un der

10p e rc e n t

10p e rc e n t

ando v e r

A l l p r in t in g t r a d e s __________________________________ 9 2 .3 7 . 7 9. 7 30 . 5 20 . 1 17. 9 4 .6 7. 0 1. 1 1 .4

B o o k and jo b __________________________________________ 9 2 .4 7 . 6 9 .4 22 . 6 2 0 .2 23 . 7 5. 8 7 . 9 1. 1 1 .8B in d e ry w o m e n __________________________________ 9 8 .3 1. 7 5 .3 2 1 .0 2 1 .3 19. 9 20 . 4 8. 5 1 .9 -B o o k b in d e rs __________________________ ________ 8 7 .3 12. 7 14. 7 1 1 .6 18. 5 16. 2 1 .3 23 . 8 1 .3 -C o m p o s ito rs , hand ___________________________ 9 7 .3 2 . 7 9 .0 26 . 0 12. 8 39 . 6 2 . 5 6 .4 .4 . 6E le c t r o t y p e r s __________________________ __ _____ 6 6 .2 3 3 .8 24 . 0 19 .0 10. 6 9. 6 1 .4 - . 9 . 7M ach in e o p e ra to r s _____________________________ 96 . 0 4 .0 9 .2 24 . 5 12. 3 34 . 9 2 . 7 9. 9 1 .4 1 .2M ach in e te n d ers (m a c h in is ts ) __________ 96 . 5 3 . 5 1 1 .3 1 9 .4 1 5 .0 3 8 .0 2 .3 8 .2 .2 2 . 1M a ile r s _____________________________________________ 9 7 .6 2 .4 . 3 3 0 .3 2 6 . 3 2 1 .2 2 . 9 14. 8 . 3 1 .5P h o to e n g ra v e rs __________________ ________ 94 . 7 5 .3 6. 9 44 . 1 24 . 9 9. 9 2 , 7 4 .2 . 6 1 .3P r e s s a s s is ta n ts and fe e d e r s ______________ 96 . 6 3 .4 1 6 .4 15. 8 2 3 . 8 23 . 7 5. 6 3 . 5 1 .8 6 . 1P r e s s m e n , c y l in d e r ___________________________ 8 5 .6 1 4 .4 4 . 1 2 0 .0 2 6 . 6 26 . 9 1 .3 1 .8 1 .0 4 .0P r e s s m e n , p la ten _____________________________ 9 2 .7 7. 3 9 . 7 2 7 .4 2 1 .0 16. 4 7. 6 2 . 6 - 8 .2S t e re o t y p e r s _______________ ______________________ 8 8 .4 1 1 .6 25 . 5 2 7 .0 2 8 .0 7. 6 - . 1 - . 2

N e w sp ap e r __ ------------------------------------------ 9 2 .2 7. 8 1 0 .4 45 . 4 2 0 .0 6. 9 2 . 4 5 . 3 1 .0 .6D a yw o rk _____________ _______________ ________ 9 1 .3 8 . 7 1 1 .3 4 1 .3 20 . 9 6. 3 2 . 8 5. 8 1. 7 1 .0N ig h tw o rk ________________________________________C o m p o s ito rs , hand:

9 3 .0 7 .0 9 .5 49 . 5 19. 2 7. 6 2 .0 4 . 8 . 3 . 1

D a y w o rk ______________ _______________________ 9 0 .3 9. 7 11 . 1 45 . 6 20 . 5 4 .3 2 . 0 6. 7 - (MN ig h tw o rk ____________________________________

M ach in e o p e ra to rs :9 1 .3 8 . 7 1 0 .0 54. 9 1 4 .2 4 .9 1. 7 5. 5

D a y w o rk ______________________________________ 9 2 .0 8 .0 10. 9 46 . 1 22 . 6 4 . 1 2 . 5 5. 6 - . 1N ig h tw o rk ________________________________ __

M ach in e te n d ers (m a c h in is t s ) :9 2 .7 7 .3 9. 9 57. 0 1 3 .8 4 .0 1. 7 6 .3 "

D a y w o rk ______________________________________ 9 1 .7 8 . 3 1 3 .3 5 3 .3 15. 5 4 .6 1. 7 3 .2 - -N ig h tw o rk ____________________________________

M a ile r s :9 1 .6 8 .4 1 1 .6 57 . 8 9 .7 6 . 7 1. 6 4 . 2 - -

D a y w o rk ____________ ______________________ 9 2 .8 7 .2 8 . 6 30 . 9 3 5 .0 5. 8 3 . 7 4 . 7 4 .0 . 1N ig h tw o rk ____________________________________

P h o to e n g ra v e rs :9 7 .2 2 .8 5 .2 4 1 .0 3 5 .3 9 . 1 2 . 7 3 .2 . 6 . 2

D a y w o rk ______________________________________ 9 1 .6 8 .4 9 .2 38 . 9 28 . 9 2 . 6 - 9 .2 1. 7 1.0N ig h tw o rk ____________________________________

P r e s s m e n (jo u rn e y m e n ):8 8 .0 1 2 .0 4 .6 55 . 6 1 9 .3 . 7 . 8 2 . 1 3 . 3 1. 5

D a y w o rk _____________________ _________ 9 2 .4 7 . 6 14. 0 40 . 8 8 .0 1 3 .3 4 . 0 8 . 1 4 .2 -N ig h tw o rk ______________________

P re s s m e n - in - c h a rg e :9 2 .3 7 .7 1 1 .6 40 . 8 13. 9 19. 1 1. 5 5 . 3

D a y w o rk ________________________ 9 1 .2 8 . 8 1 0 .8 33 . 9 1 5 .0 13. 5 4. 5 4 . 8 7. 8 . 9N ig h tw o rk ______________________

S te re o ty p e rs :92 . 1 7 . 9 7 . 6 3 6 .2 2 1 .2 2 0 . 1 3 . 5 3 .0 " . 5

D a yw o rk _________ ________ _____ 8 8 .4 1 1 .6 1 1 .6 3 6 .3 23 . 5 3 .5 3 .3 1 .2 . 7 8 . 4N ig h tw o rk _ . ___________________ 95. 9 4 . 1 1 3 . 4 4 2 . 2 3 2 . 7 4 . 2 2 . 4 . 9

1 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e rc e n t .

N O T E : B e c a u se of ro und ing , su m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s do not n e c e s s a r i ly equal to ta ls .

T A B L E 4 . C e n ts -p e r-h o u r in c re a s e s in un ion wage ra te s and p e rc e n t of un ion p r in t in g - tra d e s w o rk e r s a ffe c te d ,J u ly 1, 1954 - J u ly 1, 1955

T ra d e

P e rc e n t of w o rk e r s

a ffec te d by wage ra te in c re a s e s

P e rc e n t of un ion p r in t in g trad e s w o rk e r s re c e iv in g in c re a s e s of

U n d er 2 cen ts

2 and under 4

cen ts

4 and under 6

cen ts

6 and under 8

cen ts

8 and under 10

cen ts

10 and under 15

cen ts

15 and under 20

cen ts

20 cen ts and o ve r

A l l p r in t in g trad e s ______________________________ 92 . 3 0 . 7 10. 1 20. 6 20. 4 14. 9 18. 5 5. 2 1 .9

B o o k and job ______________________________________ 9 2 .4 0. 5 11. 6 18. 3 16. 3 1 6 .4 2 1 .4 5. 6 2 . 2B in d e ry w om en ______________________________ 98 . 3 1 .9 29. 8 23 . 9 29 . 5 11. 3 1 .9 - -B o o k b in d e rs 87. 3 1 .0 13. 2 4 . 7 11. 0 24 . 1 10. 7 22 . 8 -C o m p o s ito r s , hand 97 . 3 - 6 . 2 22 . 2 11. 6 10. 1 40 . 6 5. 7 1 .0E le c t ro t y p e r s ________________________________ 6 6 .2 - 5. 3 25 . 3 12. 5 10. 5 1 1 .0 - 1. 6M ach ine o p e ra to rs _________________________ 96 . 0 - 6 . 7 20 . 2 1 1 .9 8. 3 37. 2 9 . 1 2 . 6M ach in e te n d e rs (m a c h in is ts ) _________ 96 . 5 4 . 6 4 . 9 16. 3 13. 0 8. 1 39. 1 8. 2 2 . 3M a ile r s _ _ _ 9 7 .6 . 1 . 2 32. 4 16. 5 34. 1 1 2 .4 . 5 1. 5P h o to e n g ra v e rs 94 . 7 - - 25 . 7 10. 9 33 . 4 16. 4 5. 4 2 . 8P r e s s a s s is ta n ts and fe e d e rs 96 . 6 . 1 20. 0 1 7 .4 15. 0 13. 4 23 . 1 1 .9 5. 7P re s s m e n , c y l in d e r _______________________ 85. 6 (M 3. 2 10. 2 17. 2 15. 2 33 . 1 2. 0 4 . 7P re s s m e n , p la t e n __________________________ 92 . 7 - 7. 5 1 8 .4 20. 5 20. 9 15. 7 - 9 . 7S te re o ty p e rs 8 8 .4 4 . 8 32. 6 11. 8 30. 6 8 . 2 . 3

See footnote at end o f table,


9T A B L E 4 . C e n ts -p e r-h o u r in c re a s e s in an ion wage ra te s and p e rc e n t of un ion p r in t in g -tra d e s w o rk e r s a ffe c te d ,J u ly 1, 1954 - J u ly 1, 1955 - C o n tinued

P e rc e n t ofP e r c e n t of union p r in t in g -tra d e s w o rk e r s re c e iv in g in c re a s e s o f-

T ra d ewo r k e r s

a ffe c te d by wage ra te in c re a s e s

U n d er 2 cen ts

2 and under 4

cen ts

4 and under 6

cen ts

6 and under 8

cen ts

8 and un der 10

cen ts

10 and under 15

cen ts

1 5 and under 20

cen ts

20 cen ts and

o v e r

A l l p r in t in g tra d e s ____________________ _______ 92 . 3 0 . 7 10. 1 20 . 6 2 0 .4 14. 9 18. 5 5. 2 1 .9

N e w sp ap e r ---------------- .------------------------ 92 . 2 1. 1 7 . 3 25 . 1 28 . 1 12. 0 13. 0 4 . 3 1. 3D a y wo r k 9 1 .3 .9 8. 2 25 . 3 26 . 0 12. 5 11. 0 5. 2 2. 2N ig h tw o rk _____________________________________ 93 . 0 1. 3 6 . 3 2 4 .9 30. 2 11. 6 14. 9 3. 4 . 4C omp o s ito r s , hand:

(MD a y w o rk _________________________ _______ 90 . 3 1. 0 7 . 0 30. 3 26 . 2 11. 4 9 . 1 5. 3N ig h tw o rk __________ ______ ___________ 9 1 .3 2. 0 5. 7 33. 9 25. 3 8. 0 12. 8 3 . 7 -

M ach in e o p e ra to rs :D a y w o rk ___________________________________ 92 . 0 . 7 7 . 2 3 1 .9 2 6 . 5 12. 6 8 . 7 4 . 3 . 1N ig h tw o rk __ ____________________________ 92 . 7 2. 0 6. 6 35. 6 24 . 9 7. 6 1 2 .4 3. 6 -

M ach ine te n d e rs (m a c h in is t s ) :D a yw o rk 9 1 .7 - 11. 2 38 . 8 21 . 1 9 . 2 9 . 5 1. 7 -N ig h tw o rk _________________________________ 91 . 6 2 . 1 7 . 2 4 0 .4 19. 7 5. 1 1 4 .9 2 . 1 -

M a ile r s :D a y w o rk 92 . 8 - 8 .6 25. 4 24 . 3 16. 2 13. 0 5. 2 . 1N ig h tw o rk _________________________________ 97 . 2 1 .0 4 . 2 12. 7 43 . 2 2 1 .0 12. 8 2. 2 . 3

P h o to e n g ra v e rs :D a y w o rk ___________________________________ 9 1 .6 - 8. 0 8 . 1 35. 3 25 . 7 2. 6 9 . 7 2 . 2N ig h tw o rk ___________________ _ ________ 88. 0 - 4 .6 12. 6 42 . 7 19. 7 1. 5 . 8 6 .0

P re s s m e n (jo u rn e ym en ):D a yw o rk ___ ............ . .... . 92 . 4 1. 3 9 . 8 16. 8 29. 2 5. 8 18. 1 7. 2 4 . 2N ig h tw o rk __________ ____________________ 92 . 3 . 3 6 . 2 14. 6 31 . 8 11. 6 2 2 .4 5. 3 -

P re s s m e n - in - c h a rg e :D a y w o rk ___________________________________ 9 1 .2 1 .4 7 .0 1 3 .9 22 . 4 12. 6 17. 4 6 . 7 9 . 8N ig h tw o rk ______________ ________________ 92 . 1 - 4 . 4 9 . 5 29 . 8 19. 0 23 . 1 4 , 1 2 . 1

S te re o ty p e rs :D a y w o rk ____ _ __ _ _______ ___ 8 8 .4 2. 1 9 . 5 22 . 9 18. 9 17. 7 7. 1 1. 9 8 .4N ig h tw o rk __ __ _________ ___________ 9 5 .9 1 3 .4 14. 8 29 . 4 11. 7 23 . 2 2 .4 .9

1 L e s s than 0. 05 p e rc e n t .

N O T E : B e c a u se of ro u n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s do not n e c e s s a r i ly equal to ta ls .

T A B L E 5 . A v e ra g e un ion h o u r ly wage r a te s in the p r in t in g in d u s t ry , J u ly 1, 1955, and in c re a s e s in r a te s ,J u ly 1, 1954 - J u ly 1, 1955

T ra d e

A l l p r in t in g tra d e s ___________________

B o o k and j o b ____________________________B in d e ry w om en ___________________B o o k b in d e rs ________________________C o m p o s ito r s , hand ______________E le c t ro ty p e r s _____________________M achine o p e ra to rs _______________M ach ine te n d e rs (m a c h in is ts ) .M a ile r s _______________________ _______P h o to e n g ra v e rs ___________________P r e s s a s s is ta n ts and fe e d e rs .P re s s m e n , c y l in d e r _____________P re s s m e n , p la t e n ________________S te re o ty p e rs ________________________

N e w sp ap e r ______________________________D a y w o rk _____________________________N ig h tw o rk ___________________________C o m p o s ito r s , hand ______________

D a y w o rk _________________________N ig h tw o rk _______________________

A v e ra g e ra te p e r

h o u r,J u ly 1 .19551

A m ount of in c re a s e J u ly 1, 1954 - J u ly 1, 1955 2

A v e ra g e ra te p e r

h o u r,J u ly 1,19 5 51

A m oun t of in c re a s e J u ly 1, 1954 - J u ly 1, 1955 2

P e rc e n t C e n ts p e r hour P e rc e n tC e n ts p e r

hour

. . . $ 2 . 73 2. 8 7. 4 N e w sp ap e r: - C o n tinued

2. 58 3. 0 7. 6 M ach ine o p e ra to rs ____ ...... $ 3 . 05 2. 2 6. 5. . . 1. 50 3. 5 5. 1 D a y w o rk ...... 2. 96 2. 3 6. 5

2. 62 3 .4 8. 5 N ig h tw o rk 3. 13 2. 1 6. 52 . 88 3. 1 8. 6 M achine te n d e rs (m a c h in is t s )___ 3. 06 2. 0 6. 13. 09 1. 5 4. 4 D a yw o rk 2. 99 2. 0 6. 02. 87 3. 3 9. 1 N ig h tw o rk 3. 13 2. 1 6. 3_ 2 . 84 3. 2 8. 8 M a ile rs 2. 71 2. 7 7. 2

___ 2. 35 3 .4 7. 7 D a y w o rk .. . . ___ 2. 58 2. 8 6. 93. 35 2. 6 8. 3 N ig h tw o rk 2. 81 2. 7 7. 42. 33 3. 5 7. 9 P h o to e n g ra ve rs 3. 32 2. 4 7. 7

___ 2 . 89 2. 9 8. 1 D a y w o rk 3. 18 2. 6 7. 9___ 2 . 57 3. 4 8. 5 N ig h tw o rk 3. 46 2. 2 7. 5 3. 12 1. 9 5. 7 P re s s m e n (jo u rn e ym e n ) _________ 3. 06 2. 7 7 .9

D a y w o rk ..... .................... 2 . 92 2. 7 7. 83. 01 2. 4 7. 1 N ig h tw o rk ................... 3. 23 2. 6 8. 12. 91 2. 5 7. 2 P r e s s m e n - in -c h a rg e _. ... .... 3. 31 2. 8 8. 93. 12 2. 3 7. 1 D a y w o rk 3. 17 2. 9 9. 03. 04 2. 2 6. 5 N ig h tw o rk _____ ______ 3. 48 2. 6 8. 72. 95 6. 4 S te re o ty p e rs _ _ . . . 3 . 03 2 . 8 8. 2 Ct D a y w o rk . 2 .9 2 3. 1 8. 73. 12 2. 1 6. 5 N ig h tw o rk ... . ... 3. 18 2. 4 7. 4

1 A v e ra g e ra te s a re b ase d on a l l ra te s in e ffe c t on re p o rte d at e ach r a te .

2 B a s e d on co m p a ra b le quotations fo r 1954 and 1955

J u ly 1, 1955; in d iv id u a l ra te s a re w e igh ted b y the n u m b er o f un ion m e m b e rs

w e igh ted b y the n u m b er of un ion m e m b e rs re p o rte d at e ach q uotation in 1955.


10

T A B L E 6 . In c r e a s e s in un ion wage ra te s in the p r in t in g tra d e s b y c it y , re g io n , and in d u s try b ra n c h ,J u ly 1, 1954 - Ju ly 1, 1955

C it ie s b y re g io n

A l l p r in t in g trad e s B o o k and job N e w sp ap e r

P e rc e n tof

in c re a s e

C e n tsin c re a s e

P e rc e n tof

in c re a s e


P e rc e n tof

in c re a s e


A l l c it ie s ___________________________________________________ 2. 8 7. 4 3. 0 7. 6 2 .4 7. 1

New E n g la n d _______________________________________________ 2. 8 7. 3 3. 1 7. 4 2. 5 7. 2B o sto n , M a s s . _______________________________________ 2. 2 5 .9 1. 7 3. 9 2 .9 8. 5New H av e n , C o nn . __________________________________ 4 . 6 11. 5 5. 3 13. 2 3. 2 8. 5P ro v id e n c e , R . I . __________________________________ . 5 1 .4 1. 5 4 . 1 . 1 . 4S p r in g f ie ld , M a s s . _________________________________ 3. 1 7. 7 3. 1 7. 8 3. 1 7. 5

M idd le A t la n t ic _______ _________________________________ 3. 3 8. 8 3. 7 9 . 2 2. 6 7. 9B u f fa lo , N . Y . _______________________________________ 4 . 0 9 . 8 4 . 6 10. 7 2. 7 7 . 8E r i e , P a . ______________________________________________ 2. 8 7. 1 2. 0 4 . 8 3. 0 7. 9N e w a rk , N . J . ----------------------------------------- 2. 1 5 .9 2. 5 6. 5 1. 5 4 . 7New Y o r k , N . Y ........................................................................... 3. 3 9. 2 3. 7 9. 7 2. 5 8. 0P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . ___________________________________ 4 . 2 10. 6 5. 2 12. 5 2. 0 5. 8P it t s b u rg h , P a . _____________________________________ 2. 1 5. 5 2. 6 6. 3 1. 6 4 . 7R o c h e s te r , N . Y . ___________________________________ 2. 4 6 . 2 2. 4 6. 0 2. 4 6 . 7S c ra n to n , P a . ________________________________________ 3. 6 7. 7 2. 7 5 .4 5. 7 15. 9S y ra c u s e , N . Y . ____________________________________ 4. 7 10. 5 4 . 2 8. 0 5. 1 13. 8

B o rd e r S ta te s ____________________________________________ 3. 3 8. 2 3. 8 8 .4 2 . 7 7 .9B a lt im o re , M d. _____________________________________ 3. 5 8. 8 3. 5 7. 7 3 . 6 10. 1L o u is v i l le , K y . ______________________________________ 5. 1 11. 6 5. 8 12. 2 3. 6 m 0R ic h m o n d , V a . ______________________________________ 3 . 2 7. 4 6. 0 11. 3 1. 1 3. 0W ash in g to n , D . C . _________________________________ 2 . 2 6. 0 2. 2 5. 3 2 . 3 7. 1

So u th east _________________________________________________ _ 2. 1 5. 3 2. 5 5. 8 1. 8 4 .9A t la n ta ; G a . __________________________________________ 1. 7 4. 4 2. 0 5. 0 1. 1 3. 1B irm in g h a m , A la . __________________________________ 1. 0 2. 6 1. 9 4 . 6 . 2 4 . 3C h a r lo t te , N . C . __________________ ________________ 5. 1 12. 6 4 . 6 9 .7 5. 2 13. 6J a c k s o n v i l le , F la 1. 1 2. 8 7. 0 14. 5 . 5 1. 2K n o x v i l le , T e n n . _____ ____ ______________________ 1. 1 3. 0 2 .4 5. 6 1 .0 2. 7M e m p h is , T e n n . ____________________________________ 2. 0 5. 0 2. 2 4 . 7 1 .9 5. 3

G re a t L a k e s _________________________________________ ___ 2. 4 6. 5 2 .4 6. 1 2. 4 7. 2C h ic a g o , 111. _______________________ ___________ __ 2 . 0 6 . 0 1. 8 5. 1 2. 5 8. 0C in c in n a t i , O h io ___________________________ _______ 2. 0 5. 3 1. 9 4 . 8 2. 0 5. 8C le v e la n d , O hio _____________________________________ 3. 0 7. 9 3. 2 7. 8 2. 7 8. 3C o lu m b u s , O hio 2. 0 5. 4 2. 5 6. 1 1. 5 4 . 2D a y to n . O h io . . . . . 2. 9 7. 2 2. 8 6. 8 3. 6 9 .9D e t ro it , M ic h . ____________________________ _________ 2. 0 5. 7 2. 2 6. 1 1. 6 4 . 7G ra n d R a p id s , M ic h . _____________________________ 3. 3 8. 6 4 . 9 11. 6 2 . 2 6. 2In d ia n a p o lis , In d . _________________________ _______ 2. 5 6. 6 3. 0 7. 3 1. 9 5. 6M ilw a u k e e , W is . 2. 7 7. 0 2. 5 6. 2 3. 2 9 . 2M in n e a p o lis -S t . P a u l , M in n . ___________________ 2. 1 5. 1 2. 2 5. 0 1. 9 5. 8P e o r ia , 111. __________________________________________ 4 . 2 11. 3 4. 2 10. 6 4 . 2 11. 9T o le d o , O h io _________________________________________ 2. 5 7. 0 4 . 8 12. 0 . 8 2. 5

M id d le W est 2. 7 6 .9 3. 0 7. 0 2 . 3 6 . 7D es M o in e s , I o w a ____________ ____________________ 2. 9 7. 5 3. 3 8. 1 2. 1 6. 1K a n s a s C i t y , M o. 3. 0 7. 6 2 .9 6. 7 3. 4 9 . 6O m aha , N e b r . _______________________________________ 4 . 3 11. 3 6. 1 14. 8 3. 2 9 . 0S t . L o u is , M o. ______________________________________ 2. 2 5. 5 2 . 6 5. 8 1. 7 5. 0

S o u th w e s t----------------------------------------------------- 2. 5 6. 5 3. 3 7. 7 2 .0 5. 5D a l la s , T e x . 2 .9 8. 5 7. 9 20. 7 . 5 1. 6H o uston , T e x . 2. 9 7. 8 2. 4 6 .1 3. 2 9 .2L it t le R o c k , A rk . 1. 9 4 . 4 2. 1 4 . 3 1. 8 4 . 5N ew O r le a n s , L a . 3. 8 9. 0 2 .4 5. 5 5. 3 13. 3O k laho m a C i t y , O k la . ____________________________ 1. 4 3 .4 . 5 1. 0 2. 3 6. 3San A n to n io , T e x . __________________________________ 2. 6 6. 5 . 1 . 2 3. 6 9 . 8

M o u n ta in _______ 3. 3 8. 6 5. 8 13. 1 1. 8 5. 2D e n v e r , C o lo . _____ 3. 6 9. 2 6. 3 14. 2 1. 2 3. 5S a lt L a k e C i t y , U t a h ____ _______________ _______ 2. 7 7. 3 2. 4 5. 5 2 . 8 7. 7

P a c i f i c . . . . _ 2. 5 7. 0 2. 6 6 .9 2 . 5 7 .4L o s A n g e le s , C a l i f . ________________________________ 3. 5 9 . 7 3. 8 1 0 .4 2 . 8 8. 1O ak lan d . C a l i f . 2. 7 4. 5 1. 9 4 . 9 1. 3 3. 8P o rt la n d , O re g . _____________________________________ 2. 1 6. 1 1. 5 3 .9 2 . 7 8. 1San F r a n c is c o . C a l i f . 1. 0 2. 9 1. 0 2. 6 1. 3 3. 8S e a t t le . W ash . 3. 1 8. 9 3. 2 8. 7 2 .9 9 .2Sp o kane , W ash . ... . . . 2 .6 7. 2 1. 5 3. 7 3. 0 9 . 1


T A B L E 7 . D istribution o f union m em b ers in the printing trades b y h ou rly w age ra tes and by trad e , July 1, 1955

Percent o f un ion m e m b e rs w hose ra te ( in c e n ts ) p e r ho u r w a s

T ra d e ra tep e rho ur

U n d er120

120and

under130

130

140

140

150

150

160

160

170

170

180

180

190

190

200

200

210

210

220

220

230

230

240

240

250

250

260

260

270

270

280

~ 2 W

290

296

300

"3^ 0"

310

310

320

320

330

330

340

340

350

350

360

360

and

o v e r

A l l p r in t in g t r a d e s __________________________ $ 2 . 73 0 .4 0 . 3 1. 8 3 .3 4 . 0 1. 8 0 . 8 0 .6 0. 6 0 .4 0 . 5 1. 7 2. 8 3. 5 5. 5 7 .7 8. 2 9 .9 10. 7 1 3 .4 7 . 6 4 . 1 5. 0 2. 3 0. 3 2. 8

B o o k and job 2 . 58 0 .6 0 .4 2 .7 5 .1 6 . 1 2 . 8 1. 3 6 .9 0 .9 0 . 6 0 .6 2 .3 4 . 2 4 . 6 7 . 2 8 . 1 7. 8 9 . 2 7 . 3 1 1 .0 7. 3 1. 6 3. 2 1. 1 ( l ) 3. 2B in d e r y w o m en --------------------------- 1. 50 3. 2 1. 7 14. 8 2 7 .2 29. 5 14. 8 4 . 3 4 .4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _B o o k b in d e rs _______ ______ ____________ 2 . 62 - - - - - . 1 1. 1 - - . 2 1 .6 2 .9 12. 0 6 . 7 14. 7 2 8 .4 9. 8 1 1 .4 6 . 2 4 .2 . 8 - - - - -C o m p o s ito r s , hand ____________________ 2 . 88 - - - - - - - - - - 1. 2 1. 3 1 .4 8. 5 9 .5 12. 3 16. 0 1 2 .4 1 6 .7 20. 4 . 3 " - - -

E le c t r o t y p e r s ____________________________ 3 . 09 . 7 1. 5 1 .6 1. 8 16. 1 14 . 2 1 3 .0 11. 1 3. 0 37. 0 _ _ _M ach in e o p e ra to rs _____________________ 2. 87 - - - - - - - - - - - 2. 2 1. 6 . 8 9 . 7 9 .4 13. 0 14. 1 12 . 0 1 9 .7 15, 9 1. 3 . 1 - - . 1M ach in e te n d e rs (m a c h in is t s ) ______ 2 . 84 " - - - - - - - - 1. 8 1. 2 6 . 0 15 . 9 3 . 7 11. 1 1 1 .0 13. 6 2 2 .4 13. 1 . 2 - - -

M a ile r s _____________________________________ 2. 32 _ _ _ 4 .4 26. 0 2 . 0 _ . 4 _ 2 .4 . 3 _ 8 . 0 17 . 3 8 .0 1 0 .4 6 . 3 10 . 1 _ . 4 .9 2. 0 . 7 0. 1 _P h o t o e n g r a v e r s ___ ____________________ 3 . 35 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 .8 5. 0 3 . 3 10. 7 1 1 .7 . 9 7 . 1 13. 7 9 . 3 - 34. 5P r e s s a s s is t a n t s and f e e d e r s ______ 2 . 33 . 5 . 8 .2 .7 1. 0 . 3 3 .4 .7 8. 0 3 . 8 2 . 2 11. 9 16. 9 26 . 0 1 1 .6 1. 1 8. 3 1. 7 . 4 .4 - - - - - -

P r e s s m e n , c y l in d e r ___________________ 2 . 89 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 2 . 7 (M 1. 1 3. 0 2 . 1 6 .4 6 .9 9 .7 1 5 .4 9 . 3 27 . 8 12. 4 3 . 4 .4 1. 1 ( l ) ( l )P r e s s m e n , p la te n ____________________ 2 . 57 - - - - . 1 - . 4 . 1 - 1 .0 6 . 5 8 .6 2. 7 11. 8 22 . 3 16. 6 15. 5 10. 8 1 .9 . 1 1. 5 - - -

3 12 5. 0 1 1 .8 20 . 8 6 . 3 18. 2 5. 8 28. 7 1 .3 2. 0

3. 01 i 1 ) ( l ) . 2 . 3 .4 . 3 1 .4 2. 1 7 . 0 9 . 0 11. 2 17 . 3 1 7 .9 8. 3 8 . 8 8. 5 4 . 7 . 7 2 . 1D a y w o rk ____________________________________ 2. 91 - - - - - - . 1 - . 5 . 1 . 8 . 2 2 . 2 3 .4 12. 3 9 . 5 15. 9 19. 1 1 9 .3 4 . 8 8. 5 1. 5 1 .6 . 1 . 1N ig h tw o rk _________________________________ 3. 12 - - - - - - - - . 1 - . 5 - . 3 . 5 . 8 1 .7 8 .4 6 . 5 1 5 .4 16. 4 11. 8 9 . 0 1 5 .4 7. 7 1. 3 4 . 1

C o m p o s ito r s , hand __________ __ ___ 3. 04 > _ _ _ > _ _ _ _ (M _ _ . 4 . 1 6 .8 8. 2 10. 2 16. 1 2 2 .7 1 0 .4 12. 1 12. 0 .9 _ . 1D a y w o rk _______________________________ 2 . 95 - ( 1) - - . 7 - 14. 1 7. 6 13. 0 23 . 1 22 . 0 6 .4 12. 7 . 2 - - . 1N ig h tw o rk _____________________________ 3. 12 " - - - - - - - - - - - . 2 - 8. 7 7 . 5 9 . 5 23 . 3 14. 3 11. 6 23. 1 1 .8 . 1

M ach in e o p e ra to rs ___________ _______ 3. 05 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( x) _ _ . 3 . 1 5. 3 8. 3 10. 7 14. 6 23 . 2 11. 4 1 1 .9 12. 8 1. 1 _ . 3D a y w o rk _______________________________ 2 . 96 - - - - - - - - - - . 1 - - . 6 - 11. 1 8 .4 14. 3 22 . 2 2 2 .4 7. 4 12. 7 . 3 - - . 3N ig h tw o rk _____________________________ 3. 13 . 2 - 8. 2 7 . 4 7. 9 23 . 9 14. 9 11. 2 24. 0 2. 1 - . 3

M ach in e te n d e rs ( m a c h in i s t s ) ______ 3. 06 _ - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 6 1. 3 4 .2 6 .6 9 .4 13. 8 2 3 .4 9 . 9 16. 6 12. 5 1 .4 _ . 3D a y w o rk _______________________________ 2 . 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 2 - 8 . 3 4 . 4 15. 0 20 . 6 2 1 .6 7. 3 20 . 6 . 5 - - . 3M i g Vif \x/r t*1c 3. 13 8. 8 3 . 7 6 . 7 25 . 3 12. 7 12. 5 24. 8 2. 8 . 2

M a ile r s _____________________________________ 2 . 71 . 2 . 2 1 .6 2. 0 2 . 7 1 .6 8. 2 1 2 .4 16 . 3 19. 5 6 . 0 26 . 1 3 .4D a y w o rk __________ ____________________ 2 . 58 - - - - - - - . 4 - 3 . 5 . 2 6 . 0 1. 6 14. 0 2 2 .4 2 5 .4 2 3 .4 3. 0 - - - - - - - -N ig h tw o rk _____________________________ 2. 81 - - - - - - - - . 3 - 3 .4 - 1. 7 3. 4 4 . 2 8 . 7 1 6 . 2 8 . 5 4 7 . 5 6 . 2 - - - - - -

P h o t o e n g r a v e r s _________________________ 3. 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ 6 .9 .6 2 . 5 3. 6 8 .9 9. 4 13. 1 1 6 .4 16. 3 4. 6 17. 8D a y w o rk ________ ____________________ 3 . 18 13. 7 . 4 2 . 2 5. 3 14. 1 14. 3 16. 3 3. 7 30. 0 - -N ig h tw o rk ______ ____________________ 3. 46 . 7 2 . 8 1 .9 3. 6 4 . 4 9 . 9 29. 2 2 .4 9. 2 35. 8

P r e s s m e n (jo u rn e y m e n ) _____________ 3. 06 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 8 3 . 5 5. 7 16. 5 16. 7 21 . 9 9. 7 3 .4 2. 5 1 6 .7 1. 9 . 5D a y w o rk _______________________________ 2 .9 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 5 5. 1 8. 3 27 . 9 22 . 7 30. 7 1. 4 2 . 0 .4 - - -N ig h tw o rk _____________________________ 3. 23 - - - - - - " - - - - - - " - 1 .8 2. 7 3 . 2 9 .7 11. 7 19. 3 5. 1 5. 1 36. 3 4 . 0 1 . 1

P r e s s m e n - in - c h a rg e __________________ 3 . 31 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 4 . 4 3. 0 3 . 1 15. 3 12. 5 23 . 2 10. 2 8. 3 6 . 3 17. 3D a y w o rk _______________________________ 3 . 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 7 - 4 . 8 4 . 0 26 . 3 18. 7 26 . 5 5. 8 9 .6 2. 4 1 . 1N ig h tw o rk _____________________________ 3 . 48 . 7 1. 9 1 . 8 4 . 8 19. 0 15. 7 6. 7 11. 1 37 . 4

S te re o ty p e rs 3. 03 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 1 _ . 4 6 .0 9 . 2 20 . 0 25 . 0 10 . 3 3. 6 8 . 0 7. 5 2. 1 . 2 7 . 5D a y w o rk _______________________________ 2 . 92 - - - - - - - - - - - - . 2 - . 8 10. 2 8. 6 2 8 .4 30 . 2 1 0 .4 - 2 . 1 8. 6 . 3 . 3 -N ig h tw o rk 3 . 18 10. 1 8 . 3 17 . 8 10. 2 8. 6 1 6 .4 6. 0 4 .6 18. 0

1 L e s s than 0 . 05 p e rc e n t .

N O T E : B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s do not n e c e s s a r i ly equ a l 100,


1 2

T A B L E 8 . A v era ge union h ou rly wage rates in the printing trades by c ity and popu lation group , July 1, 1955

B O O K A N D J O B 1

C it y and p op u lation group

P o p u la t io n group I (1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o re ) :C h ic a g o , 111. __________________________________________________L o s A n g e le s , C a l i f . ________________________________________D e tro it , M ic h . --------------------------------------------------

A v e ra g e fo r group I ________________________________________

New Y o r k , N . Y ...........................................................................................P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . ___________________________________________

P o p u la tio n group I I (5 0 0 , 000 to 1 ,0 0 0 , 000):San F r a n c is c o , C a l i f . _____________________________________C in c in n a t i , O h io ______________________________________________H o uston , T e x . --------------------------------------------------P it t s b u rg h , P a . ______________________________________________M ilw a u k e e , W is . _____________________________________________C le v e la n d , O hio ------------------------------------------------W ash in g to n , D . C . _________________________________________

A v e ra g e fo r group I I _______________________________________

B u f fa lo , N . Y ______ ____________________________________________B o s to n , M a s s . ________________________________________________N ew O r le a n s , L a . __________________________________________M in n e a p o lis -S t . P a u l , M in n . ___________________________S t . L o u is , M o. _______________________________________________B a l t im o r e . M d. ______________________________________________

P o p u la t io n group H I (2 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ):

S e a t t le , W a sh . ________________________________________________P o r t la n d , O re g . ______________________________________________O ak lan d , C a l i f . _______________________________________________

T o le d o , O hio __________________________________________________

A v e ra g e fo r group IH ______________________________________

R o c h e s te r , N . Y . ___________________________________________

C o lu m b u s , O hio ______________________________________________In d ia n a p o lis , In d . ___________________________________________B i r m i n g h a m , A la . _______________________________________ ___K a n s a s C i t y , M o. ___________________________________________D e n v e r , C o lo . ________________________________________________L o u is v i l le , K y . _______________________________________________M e m p h is , T e rm . _____________________________________________San A n to n io , T e x . __________________________________________

P o p u la tio n group IV (1 0 0 , 000 to 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ):P ro v id e n c e , R . I . --------------------------------------------P e o r ia , 111. ____________________________________________________N ew H aven , C o n n . __________________________________________O m ah a , N e b r . ________________________________________________D es M o in e s , I o w a ___________________________________________

Sp o kane , W a sh . ______________________________________________S p r in g f ie ld , M a s s . ________________________________________G ran d R a p id s , M ic h . _______________________________________E r i e , P a . ______________________________________________________K n o x v il le , T e n n . ____________________________________________

A v e ra g e fo r group IV ______________________________________

O k laho m a C i t y , O k la . _____________________________________S a lt L a k e C i t y , U tah _______________________________________C h a r lo t te , N . C . ____________________________________________Ja c k s o n v i l le , F la . __________________________________________L i t t le R o c k , A r k . ___________________________________________S c ra n to n , P a . _________________________________________________S y ra c u s e , N . Y . _____________________________________________R ich m o n d , V a . _______________________________________________

N E W S P A P E R

A v e ra g e A v e ra g eh o u r ly C i t y and p op u lation group h o u r ly

ra te ra te

P o p u la tio n group I (1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o re ) :$ 2 . 88 New Y o r k , N . Y __________ __________________________________ $ 3 . 28

2. 81 C h ic a g o , 111. __________________________________________________ 3. 242. 79

A v e ra g e fo r group I _______________________________________ 3. 182. 75

D e tro it , M ic h . ________________________________________________ 3. 102. 69 L o s A n g e le s , C a l i f . ________________________________________ 2. 952. 54 P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . ____________________________________________ 2. 95

P o p u la tio n group I I (5 0 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,0 0 0 , 000):2. 72 W ash in g to n , D . C . _________________________________________ 3. 152. 61 C le v e la n d , O hio ___________________ ________________ ________ 3 . 102. 57 M in n e a p o lis -S t . P a u l , M in n . ___________________________ 3. 102. 55 B o sto n , M a s s . ________________________________________________ 3. 072 . 51 S t . L o u is , M o. _______________________________________________ 3. 042. 502 .4 9 A v e ra g e fo r group I I _______________________________________ 3. 02

2. 45 M ilw a u k e e , W is . ----------- --------------------------------- 2. 99San F r a n c is c o , C a l i f . _____________________________________ 2 .9 9

2 .4 1 B u f fa lo , N . Y . ________________________________________________ 2. 982. 38 H o uston , T e x . ______________________________ ________________ 2. 962 . 35 B a lt im o re , M d. ___________________ ________________________ 2. 942. 33 C in c in n a t i , Ohio ______________________________________________ 2. 912. 30 P it ts b u rg h , P a . ______________________________________________ 2. 882. 29 New O r le a n s , L a . ___________________________________________ 2. 67

P o p u la tio n group I I I (2 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ):2. 84 S e a tt le , W a sh . ________________________________________________ 3. 252. 84 P o r t la n d , O re g . ______________________________________________ 3. 102. 69 N e w a rk , N . J . -------------- --------------------------------- 3. 082. 66 D a l la s , T e x . _______________________ ________________________ 3. 042. 65 T o le d o , O hio __________________________________________________ 3. 022. 60

A v e ra g e fo r group IH ______________________________________ 2. 992. 54

In d ia n a p o lis , In d . ____________________________________________ 2. 992. 53 K a n s a s C i t y , M o. ____________________________________________ 2. 962. 52 C d u m b us , O h io ------------------------------------------------- 2 . 942. 52 D e n v e r , C o lo . ________________________________________________ 2 .9 42. 49 O ak lan d , C a l i f _______ ____________________________ ___________ 2. 932. 41 L o u is v i l le , K y . _______________________________________________ 2. 912. 41 R o c h e s te r , N . Y . 2. 892. 40 M e m p h is , T e n n . _ _ 2. 872. 23 A t la n ta , G a . ___________________________________________________ 2. 842. 16 San A n to n io , T e x . ___________________________________________ 2. 792. 04 B irm in g h a m , A la . ___________________________________________ 2. 75

P o p u la tio n group I V (1 0 0 , 000 to 250, 000 ):2. 74 Sp o kane , W ash . 3. 092. 62 D es M o in e s , I o w a ____________________________________________ 2. 982. 61 P e o r ia , 111. ____________________________________________________ 2. 962. 57 S c ra n to n , P a . ____ _________________________________ _______ 2. 952. 56 G ra n d R a p id s , M ic h . ________________ __________ _______ 2 . 892. 51 O m aha , N e b r . ________________________________________________ 2 . 862. 51 S y ra c u s e , N . Y . __________________ ________________________ 2. 852 .4 9 O k laho m a C i t y , O k la . _____________________________________ 2. 842. 46 P ro v id e n c e , R . I . ___________________________________________ 2. 842 .4 5 S a lt L a k e C i t y , U tah _____________________ ________________ 2. 832. 44

2. 37A v e ra g e fo r group IV ______________________________________ 2. 82

D ayto n , O hio ___________ ____________________________________ 2 . 822. 29 R ic h m o n d , V a . _______________________________________________ 2. 772. 29 C h a r lo t te , N . C . ___________________________________________ 2. 732. 23 E r i e , P a . _ _ 2. 702. 21 N ew H a v e n . C o n n . 2. 702. 04 Ja c k s o n v i l le , F la . ___________________________________________ 2. 662. 01 K n o x v il le . T e n n . ......... 2. 66I . 99 L it t le R o c k , A r k . ____________________________________________ 2. 611. 98 S p r in g f ie ld , M a s s . _ . 2 . 53

1 Th e a v e ra g e s in the book and job tab u la tio n in c lu d e ra te s fo r the s e m is k i l le d b in d e ry w o m en and p re s s a s s is ta n ts and fe e d e rs a s w e ll a s the h ig h ly s k i l le d jo u rn e y m e n , com p osin g ro o m and p re s s ro o m w o r k e r s , and o th e rs . The n u m b er of s e m is k i l le d w o rk e r s o r g an ized in a c it y m ay have in flu e n ce on the a v e ra g e fo r the c it y .


13

T A B L E 9 . A v era ge union hourly w age rates in the printing trades by reg ion , 1 and by trad e , July 1, 1955

T ra d eU n itedS ta tes

NewE n g lan d

M iddleA t la n t ic

B o rd e rS ta tes

So u the as t

G re a tL a k e s

M idd leW est

So u thw e st M ounta in P a c i f i c

A l l p r in tin g trad e s ------------ ------------------------ $ 2 . 73 $ 2 . 66 $ 2 . 72 $ 2 . 57 $ 2 . 60 $ 2 . 78 $ 2 . 60 $ 2 . 66 $ 2 . 68 $ 2 . 8 5

B o o k and j o b ________________________ ___________________ 2. 58 2 .4 8 2. 56 2. 32 2. 40 2. 65 2 .4 1 2 .4 0 2. 39 2 . 75B in d e ry w om en _____________________________________ I . 50 1. 39 1 .4 6 1. 33 1. 33 1. 53 1. 52 1. 27 1 .4 8 1. 76B o o k b in d e rs __________________________________________ 2. 62 2. 51 2. 51 2 .4 2 2. 58 2. 76 2. 66 2 . 37 2. 58 2. 99C o m p o s ito r s , hand ________________________________ 2. 88 2. 59 2. 89 2. 68 2. 66 2. 99 2 .7 7 2 . 68 2 .6 8 2. 99E le c t ro ty p e r s _____ __________________________ ___ 3. 09 2. 88 3. 18 2. 77 2. 94 3. 13 2. 97 2. 90 2. 72 3. 12M ach ine o p e r a t o r s _______ __________________ ___ 2. 87 2. 61 2. 92 2. 65 2. 63 2. 98 2 . 78 2. 71 2. 67 3. 01M ach ine te n d ers (m a c h in is ts ) _________________ 2. 84 2. 64 3. 02 2. 55 2. 69 2 . 98 2 . 84 2. 56 2. 76 3. 00M a ile r s -------------------------------------------------- 2. 32 - 2. 39 1. 74 2. 68 2. 31 2. 76 2 .4 0 2. 62 2. 95P h o to e n g ra v e rs _________________________________ __ 3. 35 2. 86 3. 56 3. 09 2. 80 3. 41 2. 96 2. 97 2. 86 3. 36P r e s s a s s is ta n ts and f e e d e r s __________________ 2. 33 2 . 25 2. 35 2. 18 1. 73 2. 44 2. 12 1. 67 1. 86 2 . 37P re s s m e n , c y l in d e r _______________________________ 2. 89 2. 55 2. 96 2. 65 2. 61 2. 96 2. 81 2 . 44 2. 55 2 .9 8P r e s s m e n , p la t e n __________________________________ 2. 57 2. 34 2. 62 2. 26 2. 22 2 . 53 2. 50 2 . 21 2 .4 8 2 . 87S te re o ty p e rs ------------------------------------------- 3. 12 2. 98 3. 23 2. 98 2. 92 3. 09 2 . 99 2 . 94 2. 98 3. 12

N e w sp ap e r ____________________________________ _________ 3. 01 2. 92 3. 09 2. 99 2. 73 3. 08 2 .9 9 2. 85 2. 90 3. 04D a y w o rk ________ ____________________________________ 2. 91 2. 81 2. 96 2. 88 2. 67 2. 98 2 .9 0 2 . 77 2 . 85 2 .9 7N ig h tw o rk _____________________________________________ 3. 12 3. 07 3. 21 3. 09 2. 78 3. 18 3. 10 2. 93 2. 96 3. 11C o m p o s ito r s , hand ________________________________ 3. 04 2. 87 3. 12 3. 07 2. 75 3. 13 3. 07 2. 90 2. 96 3. 10

D a y w o rk __________________________________________ 2. 95 2. 79 3. 03 2. 97 2. 70 3. 03 2. 98 2 . 82 2. 90 3. 03N ig h tw o rk ------------------------------------------ 3. 12 3. 02 3. 19 3. 13 2. 81 3. 22 3. 15 2 . 98 3. 03 3. 18

M ach in e o p e ra to rs _________________________________ 3. 05 2. 91 3. 14 3. 07 2. 77 3. 11 3. 05 2. 89 2. 98 3. 10D a y w o rk __________________________________________ 2. 96 2. 82 3. 05 2. 98 2. 70 3. 01 2 .9 7 2. 81 2. 90 3. 01N ig h tw o rk _____________________________________ _ 3. 13 3. 04 3. 22 3. 13 2. 82 3. 20 3. 14 2 . 96 3. 04 3. 18

M ach in e te n d e rs (m a c h in is ts ) _________________ 3. 06 2. 94 3. 19 3. 08 2. 74 3. 10 3. 06 2. 92 2. 98 3. 08D a y w o rk __________________________________________ 2 .9 9 2. 85 3. 15 2. 99 2. 69 3. 02 2. 97 2. 87 2. 93 3. 02N ig h tw o rk ________________________________________ 3 . 13 3. 07 3. 22 3. 14 2. 81 3. 19 3. 16 2. 97 3. 03 3. 15

M a ile r s ________________________________________________ 2 . 71 2. 58 2. 71 2. 41 2. 35 2. 82 2 . 76 2. 28 2. 57 2. 78D a y w o rk __________________________________________ 2. 58 2. 47 2. 54 2. 34 2. 34 2. 68 2. 65 2. 27 2. 52 2. 73N ig h tw o rk _______________________ _______________ 2. 81 2 . 65 2. 83 2. 51 2. 37 2. 92 2 .9 0 2. 31 2. 65 2. 83

P h o to e n g ra v e rs _____________________________________ 3. 32 3. 15 3. 55 3. 33 2. 85 3 .4 5 3. 19 3. 00 3. 14 3. 17D a y w o rk ____________________ ____________________ 3. 18 3 . 00 3 .4 1 3. 24 2. 74 3 . 33 3. 13 2 . 89 3. 13 3. 13N ig h tw o rk __ ______ ___________________________ 3 .4 6 3. 27 3 .6 3 3. 39 3. 08 3. 57 3. 31 3. 10 3 . 19 3. 25

P re s s m e n (jo u rn e ym en ) ______________________ ___ 3. 06 3. 00 3. 16 2. 92 2. 77 3. 11 2 . 95 2 . 85 2. 84 3. 04D a y w o rk ________ ___________ __________________ 2. 92 2. 86 2. 96 2. 86 2. 71 2. 98 2. 87 2. 78 2. 82 2. 94N ig h tw o rk ________________________________________ 3. 23 3. 22 3. 35 3. 02 2. 83 3. 31 3. 08 2 .9 3 2. 90 3. 11

P re s s m e n - in - c h a rg e ------------------------------- 3. 31 3. 22 3. 44 3. 23 3. 03 3 . 32 3. 14 3. 18 3. 03 3. 28D a y w o rk __________________________________________ 3. 17 3. 07 3. 23 3. 16 2. 97 3. 20 3. 06 3. 14 3. 00 3. 19N ig h tw o rk ________________________________________ 3 .4 8 3 .4 2 3. 65 3 . 32 3. 08 3. 51 3. 27 3. 24 3. 13 3. 36

S te re o ty p e rs _____________________________________ __ 3. 03 2. 99 3. 14 2. 93 2. 73 3. 11 2 . 96 2. 87 2. 87 3. 02D a y w o rk _________________ _______ ________ ___ 2. 92 2 . 83 2. 88 2. 83 2. 67 3. 06 2. 89 2. 81 2. 82 2 .9 7N ig h tw o rk __________ ______ ________________ _ 3. 18 3. 25 3. 48 3. 07 2. 77 3. 19 3. 08 2. 94 2 . 95 3. 09

1 The re g io n s used in th is stud y in c lu d e : N ew E n g la n d C o n n e c t ic u t , M a in e , M a ss a c h u s e tts , N ew H a m p s h ire , Rhode Is la n d , and V e rm o n t; M idd le A t la n t ic N ew J e r s e y , N ew Y o r k , and P e n n s y lv a n ia ; B o rd e r S ta te s D e la w a re , D i s t r i c t of C o lu m b ia , K e n tu c k y , M a ry lan d , V i r g in ia , and W e st V i r g in ia ; S o u th eastA la b a m a , F lo r id a , G e o rg ia , M is s is s ip p i , N o rth C a r o l in a , South C a r o l in a , and T e n n e s s e e ; G re a t L a k e s I l l in o i s , In d ia n a , M ic h ig a n , M in n e so ta , O h io , and W is c o n s in ; M id d le W e s t Io w a , K a n s a s , M is s o u r i , N e b ra sk a , N o rth D a k o ta , and South D ak o ta ; So u th w e stA r k a n s a s , L o u is ia n a , O k lah o m a , and T e x a s ; M ounta inA r iz o n a , C o lo ra d o , M ontana , N ew M e x ic o , U tah , and W yo m ing ; P a c i f i c C a l if o r n ia , N e vad a , O reg o n , and W ash in g to n .

T A B L E 1 0 . D is t r ib u t io n o f un ion m e m b e rs in the p r in t in g trad e s by s tra ig h t- t im e w e e k ly h o u rs , J u ly 1, 1955

T ra d e

A v e ra g eho u rs

p e rw eek

P e rc e n t o f m e m b e rs w hose s tra ig h t- t im e h o u rs p e r w e e k w e re

U nd er30 30

O v e r30

andunder

35

35

O v e r 35

and under 36 V4

3674

O v e rU V 4and

under 37 Va

37 V2

O v e r37Vzand

under40

40

A l l p r in t in g tra d e s _____________________________________ 37 . 1 ( 1) 0 . 1 1. 7 7. 5 0. 5 26. 4 3. 5 52. 3 1. 9 6. 1

B o o k and j o b ________________________ _______________ 37 . 2 _ n 0 . 1 5. 1 0 . 6 29. 3 4 . 0 49 . 8 2. 7 8. 4B in d e ry w om en _______ _______________________ __ 3 7 .4 - - - ,9 - 30. 8 7. 1 4 6 . 6 4 .9 9. 7B o o k b in d e rs ___ __ __ __ ___________________ 37 . 2 - - - . 8 - 47 . 2 4 . 3 34. 3 4 .9 8 .4C o m p o s ito r s , hand 37 . 3 - - - 1. 6 - 27 . 5 4 . 2 56 . 3 3. 2 7. 3E le c t ro ty p e r s _______________________________________ 37. 3 - - - . 1 - 19. 0 - 80 . 8 - . 1M ach ine o p e r a t o r s _________________________________ 37. 5 - 0 . 1 - .9 - 2 3 .4 4 . 5 56 . 5 4. 4 10. 1M ach in e te n d e rs (m a c h in is ts ) _________________ 37. 6 - - - - - 29 . 3 2. 1 42 . 4 9 . 5 16. 6M a ile r s _________ ______ ________________ _________ 37. 6 - - 3 .8 . 4 - 9 .6 1. 0 68 . 1 - 17. 1P h o to e n g ra v e rs ________________ ___________ _____ 36. 2 - - - 45 . 5 6. 0 5. 8 - 12. 6 - . 1P r e s s a s s is ta n ts and fe e d e rs __________________ 37 . 2 - - - . 5 - 36 . 1 3 .9 50 . 8 . 4 8. 3P re s s m e n , c y l in d e r _________ __ _______________ 37 . 3 - - - 1. 1 - 34 . 2 3. 3 4 8 . 8 1. 0 11. 7P re s s m e n , p la t e n __________________________________ 37 . 6 - - - . 3 - 22 . 6 1 2 .4 4 4 .9 4 . 0 15. 7S t e r e o t y p e r s _______ _ _________________ _________ 37. 2 " - 2 . 8 1. 8 11. 2 - 83 . 8 - . 4

See footnote a t end of ta b le .


14

T A B L E 1 0 . D istribution o f union m em b ers in the printing trades by s tra ig h t-t im e w eekly h ou rs , July 1, 1955 - Continued

T rad e

A v e ra g eh o u rsp e r

w eek

P e rc e n t of m e m b e rs w hose s t ra ig h t- t im e h o u rs p e r w eek w ere-

U nd er30 30

O v e r30

andunder

35

35

O v e r 35

and under 36 ' U

36 l l t

O v e r361/*and

un der3 7 V 2

37 l U

O v e r37Vzand

under40

40

N e w s p a p e r______________ __ __ ______________ 36 . 8 (M 0 .2 4 .8 12. 1 0. 5 2 0 .8 2 . 5 5 7 .0 0 .4 1 .8D a y w o rk ___________________________________________ 3 7 .2 _ . 1 .2 6 .2 _ 1 6 .4 1 .4 7 3 .0 . 4 2 .3N ig h tw o rk __ ___________________________ _______ 36 . 3 (M .2 9 .3 1 8 .0 1 .0 2 5 . 1 3 .6 4 1 .2 .3 1 .3C o m p o s ito rs , hand 3 7 .0 - - - - - - - - - -

D a y w o rk _________________ __ ________________ 3 7 .0 . 1 .2 7 .9 _ 2 2 .6 2 . 7 6 4 .4 _ 2 . 1N ig h tw o rk _____________________________________ 3 6 .9 ( l ) (M . 1 1 0 .0 _ 3 1 .3 5 .3 5 1 .1 _ 2 . 1

M ach in e o p e ra to rs __________ __ ___________ 3 6 .9 - - - - _ - - - - -D a yw o rk 37 . 1 _ . 3 .3 8 . 6 - 2 2 . 1 2 . 7 65 . 1 _ . 9N ig h tw o rk ________________________________ __ __________ 3 6 .8 0 . 1 .2 . 1 9 .9 _ 3 2 .0 5 .9 5 1 .1 _ . 6

M ach in e te n d ers (m a c h in is ts ) _____ 36 . 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _D a y w o rk . 36 . 9 - . 3 . 5 8 .2 - 2 6 . 9 3 . 1 5 9 .3 - 1 .7N ig h tw o rk ... 36 . 8 _ .2 . 4 9 . 7 - 34 . 6 4 .4 4 9 .7 _ 1 .1

M a i l e r s ________________________________ __ ________________ 36 . 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _D a y wo r k _____________________________ _____________________ 37 . 5 _ - _ 2 .9 _ 4 . 2 . 1 87 . 7 2 .4 2 .8N ig h tw o rk _____________________________________ 36 . 1 . - 20 . 9 18. 5 _ 2 4 .7 . 3 3 2 .5 1. 7 1 .2

P h o to e n g ra v e rs ________________________________________________ 3 6 .9 - - _ _ _ - _ - _ -D a yw o rk _____________________________ _ _ ___________ 37 . 1 _ _ _ 2 . 6 _ 3 2 .3 _ 63 . 7 .9 . 5N ig h tw o rk ___________________________________________________ 36 . 8 _ _ _ 9 . 7 1 .8 36 . 8 5 1 .0 _ . 7

P r e s s m e n (jo u rn e ym e n ) ______________________________ 36 . 5 _ - _ . _ - _ _ _ _D a y w o rk ___________ ______________ _____________________ 3 7 .4 _ - _ 3 . 6 . 1 1 .8 _ 7 9 .6 . 3 4 . 6N ig h tw o rk __________________________ _ _ _______ 3 5 .4 - 2 1 .0 4 4 .8 4 . 4 7. 1 2 . 6 18 . 9 _ 1 .1

P re s s m e n - in - c h a rg e 3 6 .6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _D a y w o rk ...... ... 3 7 .4 _ - _ 4 . 4 _ 10 .1 _ 7 9 .3 .3 6 .0N ig h tw o rk ___________________________________________________ 35 . 5 _ - 2 1 .5 37 . 9 6 .3 6 . 5 6. 0 2 1 .3 - .4

S t e re o t y p e r s _____ _______________________ _ _ _ _ ____ 36 . 5 - - - - - - - - - -D a y w o rk ___________________________________ ___________ _ 3 7 .2 - - . 6 8 .0 - 6. 8 _ 83 . 9 _ . 7N ig h tw o rk ___________________________________________________ 3 5 .4 - 2 .0 24 . 7 1 4 .0 - 17. 8 - 39 . 7 - 1 .8

1 L e ss than 0 .0 5 p ercen t.

N OTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s do not n e ce s s a r ily equal 1 0 0 .0 .

T A B L E 1 1 . Indexes o f union w eek ly hours in the printing tra d es , 1907-55

/ ja n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949=10jj7

Y ear A llprintingB ookandjob

N ew spaper Y ea r A llprintingB ookandjob

N ew spaper

1907 May 15 ____________________ (M 144.8 123 .5 1932: M ay 15 115 .2 113.6 117 .51908 May 15 (M 138.1 122 .9 1933: M ay 15 114. 3 112 .5 116 .91909 M ay 15 ____________________ (M 136.9 122 .6 1934: M ay 1 5 ___________________ 108 .4 108 .5 107.61910 M ay 15 ..................... n 136 .5 122 .3 1935: M ay 1 5 ___________________ 106.6 106 .9 105 .81911 M ay 15 ____________________ 133.2 136 .5 122 .3 1936: M ay 15 ___ 106 .2 107 .0 104. 5

1912 M ay 15 ___________________ 133. 1 136 .4 122. 1 1937: M ay 15'___________________ 105.7 106 .8 103 .51913 M ay 15 ____________________ 133 .0 136 .4 122 .0 1938: June 1 ___________________ 105. 1 106 .3 103 .01914 M ay 15 _.. ______ __________ 132.9 136 .4 121.7 1939: June 1 ___________________ 104 .8 106 .0 102 .51915 May 15 ____ 132 .9 136 .4 121.6 1940: June 1 ............. 104 .6 105 .8 102 .21916 M ay 15 ____________________ 132 .9 136 .4 121 .5 1941: June 1 ___________________ 104 .6 105 .8 101 .8

1917:; M ay 1 5 ____________________ 132.9 136 .4 121 .5