bls_1164_1954.pdf

WORK INJURIES

in the United StatesDuring 1952

A COLLECTION OFBASIC WORK-INJURY DATAFOR EACH OF THE MAJOR INDUSTRIESIN THE UNITED STATES

Bulletin No. 1164

UNITED STATES DEPARTM ENT O F L A B O RJames P. Mitchell, SecretaryBUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Ewan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

REPORTS ON INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND WORKING CONDITIONS

Annual R eports on Work I n ju r ie s : A c o lle c t io n o f b a s ic w ork-in ju iy d a ta fo r each y ear , presenting- n atio n a l "average in ju ry-frequ en cy and se v e r ity r a te s fo r each o f the m ajor in d u s tr ie s in the U nited S t a t e s , In d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h ments may ev alu ate t h e ir own in ju ry records by comparison with th e se d a ta .

B u lle t in 1137 Work B u lle t in 1098 Work B u lle t in 1025 Work B u lle t in 975 Work B u lle t in 9U5 Work B u lle t in 921 Work

I n ju r ie s in the I n ju r ie s in the I n ju r ie s in the I n ju r ie s in the I n ju r ie s in the I n ju r ie s in the

United S ta te s During United S ta te s During United S ta te s During United S ta te s During United S ta te s During United S ta te s During

P rice1 9 5 1 .. . . 25 cents#1 9 5 0 .. . , 25 cents# 1 9 ^ 9 ..* 20 cents#19148. . . , 15 cent set19147.. . . 15 cents# 19h6,. . , 10 cents#

I n ju r ie s and Accident C auses: In ten siv e s tu d ie s o f the frequency and se v e r ityo f work in ju r ie s , the kinds" o f in ju r ie s , types o f a c c id e n ts , and cau ses o f acc id e n ts i n s e le c te d m ajor in d u s t r ie s :

P r ic eB u lle t in 1139 I n ju r i e s and A ccident Causes in th e M anufacture

o f Paperboard C o n ta in e rs .............................. .. 35 c en ts#B u l le t in 1118 I n ju r i e s and A ccident Causes i n C arpen try

O p e r a t io n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 c e a ts#B u l le t in 1079 I n ju r i e s and A ccident Causes i n Plumbing O perations 25 c e n ts# B u L le tin 1036 I n ju r i e s and A ccident Causes i n the M anufacture

o f Pulp and P a p e r , . . , . , . . . . .............. 30 c en ts#B u l le t in 1023 I n ju r i e s and A ccident Causes in th e M anufacture

o f C lay C o n stru c tio n P ro d u c ts ........................., . , . . . . 30 c e n ts#B u l le t in 100U Work I n j u r i e s i n C o n stru c tio n , I 9I48lj-9 ......... 25 c e n ts#B u lle t in 962 I n j u r i e s and A cciden t Causes i n T e x t i le Dyeing

and F i n i s h i n g . . , . . , . . . . , , , . . . . .............. h5 c e n ts#B u l le t in 88U I n ju r i e s and A cciden t Causes i n th e Brewing

In d u s try , 19UU............ l 5 c e n ts#B u l le t in 855 I n ju r i e s and A ccident Causes i n th e S la u g h te rin g

and M eat-Packing In d u s try , 19h 3 . ........................... 15 cen ts#B u l le t in 839 F a ta l Work I n ju r i e s i n S h ipyards, I 9U3 and I 9I4I4. . . 10 c e n ts#B u l le t in 83U Shipyard I n ju r i e s , I 9I4I4. . . . .................... .. 5 c e n ts#B u l le t in 8o5 I n ju r i e s and A ccident Causes i n th e Foundry

In d u s try , 1 9 i |2 . . . ........................... .......................................15 cen ts#S p e c ia l S e r ie s No. 5 I n ju r i e s to Crewmen on In la n d W a te rw a y s ... . . 20 c e n ts#B .L .S . R eport N o .28 In ju r y R ate V a ria tio n s i n th e B o ile rshop

P roducts In d u s try , 1 9 5 1 . . . ....................... F ree

?for s a le by Superintendent o f Documents a t p r ic e s in d ic a te d . How to order p u b lic a tio n s : A ddress your order to the Superintendent o f Documents, GovernnerrtP rin tin g O ffic e , Washington 25, D. C ., w ith rem ittance in check or money o rd er. Currency i s sen t a t sen d er*s r i s k . P ostage stamps not ac c e p tab le .

Other p u b lic a tio n s can be obtained fr e e o f charge by ad dressin g your req u est to ; In d u s t r ia l Hazards Branch, Bureau o f Labor S t a t i s t i c s , Washington 25, D. C.


WORK INJURIES

in the United States

During 1952

A collection ofbasic w ork-injury data

for each of the major industries

in the United States

Bulletin No. 1164

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 30 centsDigitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Letter of Transmittal

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Washington, D, C ., June ij., 195U.

The S e cre tary o f Labor:

I have the honor to tran sm it herewith a report, on the occurrence o f work in ju r ie s in the United S ta te s during 1952. This b u lle t in , p a r t s o f which have appeared in the March 1953 and January 195^ i s s u e s o f the Monthly Labor Review, was prepared by Frank S . McElroy and Robert S . Barker, o f the Bureau* s Branch o f In d u str ia l Hazards.

Ewan Clague, Commissioner.

Hon. James P, M itch ell,S ecre tary o f Labor.


ContentsPage

Summary............... 1E stim ates of d is a b lin g work i n j u r i e s ............................................................................... 1In ju ry -fre q u e n cy r a t e s , .................. ......................................................................... I4

M a n u f a c tu r in g . . . . . ............................... ....................... ............ ..................... ................. hNonm anufacturing............... 7Mining and q u a rry in g ........................................... 9Rate changes f o r id e n t ic a l re p o r tin g u n i t s .................................................. 9

In ju ry s e v e r i ty ...................................................... 10M a n u f a c t u r i n g . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................... 10Nonm anufacturing....................................... 1?

T a b le :E stim ated number of d is a b lin g work in ju r i e s during 1952, byin d u s try d i v i s i o n . ........................ *................... ...................................................... 3

Appendix

T echn ical n o t e s . .................................. llj.D e f in i t io n s . ..................................... 114-Survey m ethods..................................... llj.W eig h tin g ................................. 15Workers c o v e r e d . . ............... 15In d u s try c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s ............................................................................................... 15

T ab le s ........................................... 15A. In ju ry r a te s by in d u s try , 1952 (w ith comparable in ju ry -fre q u e n cy

r a te s fo r 1951).................. . .......................................................... .......................... 13B . In ju ry -fre q u e n cy r a te s fo r s e le c te d m anufacturing in d u s t r ie s ,

by month and q u a r te r , 1952............................... 26C . In ju ry -fre q u e n c y r a te s f o r s e le c te d m anufacturing in d u s t r ie s ,

by s iz e o f re p o r tin g u n i t , 1952...................................................................... 30D. D is tr ib u t io n o f a l l re p o rte d in ju r i e s r e s u l t in g in perm anent-

p a r t i a l d i s a b i l i t y , by p a r t o f body a f fe c te d , and by in d u s try ,1952................................................................................................................................. 3U

E . Changes in exposure, d is a b lin g in j u r i e s , and in ju r y r a te s f o r51,106 i d e n t ic a l re p o r tin g u n i t s , 1951-52............. .............. ................... 39

Charts

1 . D isab ling work in j u r i e s , by in d u s try d iv is io n , 1938-52...... ..................... VI2 . In ju ry -fre q u e n cy r a te s in m anufactu ring , 1938-52 (a n n u a lly ) .................... 53 . In ju ry -fre q u e n cy r a te s in m anufactu ring , 1950-52 (m onth ly )....................... 5it..In ju ry -fre q u e n cy r a te s and s e v e r i ty av erag es, m ajor m anufacturing

groups, 1952............................ 11

v


Chart 1. DISABLING WORK INJURIES By Industry Division

1938-52Thousands of Injuries

2500 |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORBUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

viDigitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Work Injuries in the United States

During 1952

Summary

Although th e a ll-m a n u fa c tu rin g in ju ry -fre q u e n c y r a te reached an a l l - t im e low in 1952, the e s tim a te d t o t a l volume o f d is a b lin g work in ju r i e s fo r a l l in d u s t r ie s showed on ly a s l ig h t decrease from th e p rev io u s y e a r l / . The f i n a l e s tim a ted t o t a l o f 2, 01*0,000 d is a b lin g work i n j u r i e s f o r 1952 re p re se n te d a decrease of only U p e rc e n t from 1951. A ppro:dm ately 15,000 work in ju r i e s r e s u l te d in d ea th during 1952, and 81*,000 caused some permanent p h y s ica l im p a irm ent. The t o t a l p ro d u c tio n lo s s acc ru in g from a l l work i n j u r i e s o ccu rrin g i n 1952 w j.ll u l t im a te ly amount to 206 m il l io n man-dayse q u iv a le n t to a year* s f u l l - t im e employment of 687,000 w orkers .

The average in ju ry -fre q u e n c y r a te f o r m anufacturing was l i u 3 in 1952, 8 p e rc e n t below th e 1951 averag e , and th e lo w est f ig u r e on re c o rd . The frequency r a te s f o r most nonm anufacturing in d u s t r ie s , excep t m ining, were th e same o r lo w er than i n 1951.

The s e v e r i ty o f work in ju r i e s changed very l i t t l e between 1951 and 1952.In m anufactu ring , th e re d u c tio n i n in ju r y frequency was about ba lanced by a s l ig h t r i s e i n th e average number o f days l o s t or charged p e r c ase , w ith th e r e s u l t t h a t th e s e v e r i ty r a te showed only a f r a c t io n a l d e c re a se . Among non- m anufacturing in d u s t r ie s th e re were about as many in c re a s e s as d ecreases in th e s e v e r i ty o f i n j u r i e s .

Estimates of Disabling Work Injuries

The e s tim a te d t o t a l o f 2,01*0,000 d is a b lin g work in j u r i e s i n 1952 was 1*. p e rc en t below the f ig u r e fo r 1951 (see c h a r t 1 ) . A lthough th e re was a s l ig h t decrease in employment, most of t h i s modest drop i n th e volume o f i n j u r i e s can be a t t r ib u te d to im proved s a fe ty in in d u s try .

I n m anufacturing th e chances o f any in d iv id u a l ex p erien c in g a work in ju r y d e c lin ed s u b s ta n t ia l ly i n 1952th e in ju ry -fre q u e n c y r a te was down 8 p e rc e n t . The in ju ry - t o t a l a lso d e c lin ed , b u t because more in d iv id u a ls were employed i n 1952 than in 1951, th e t o t a l volume o f i n j u r i e s dropped on ly 6 p e rc e n t, from510,000 to 1*80,000.

1 / See appendix , p . l i | , f o r d e f in i t io n s .

1


2The c o n s tru c tio n in d u s t r ie s as a group a lso showed c o n sid e rab le im provement in t h e i r s a f e ty re c o rd . The g r e a te s t improvement was i n heavy c o n s tru c t io n , b u t highway and s t r e e t c o n s tru c tio n showed a 9 -p e rc e n t drop i n in ju r y ra te s , and g en era l c o n tra c to r s , a d ecrease of about i; p e rc e n t. The s p e c ia l - t ra d e c o n tra c to r s , however, reco rd ed a s l i g h t l y h ig h e r r a t e i n 1952 th an i n 1951. The e s tim a te d volume of i n j u r i e s f o r th e e n t i r e group d ecreased from230.000 to 220,000, o r about U p e rc e n t .

I n w holesale and r e t a i l t r a d e , th e volume o f i n j u r i e s decreased about 6 p e rc e n t, d e sp ite a s l i g h t in c re a s e in employment. T h is improvement i n th e s a f e ty re c o rd was r e f le c te d in a somewhat low er in ju ry -fre q u e n c y r a t e .

L ikew ise, in th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n group, and in th e f in a n c e , s e rv ic e , governm ent, and m isce llan eo u s group o f in d u s t r ie s , im proved s a fe ty re c o rd s o f f s e t s l i g h t in c re a s e s i n employment. As a r e s u l t , th e volume o f i n j u r i e s f o r each o f th e se groups was somewhat low er in 1952 th an in 1951. W ith in th e t r a i ls o o r ta t io n group, ra ilw ay s and lo c a l t r a n s i t system s showed a d ecrease b o th i n in ju r y r a t e s and in th e volume of i n j u r i e s . I n th e tru c k in g and w arehousing in d u s t r ie s s l ig h t ly low er in ju r y r a te s were o f f s e t by an in c re a se i n employment. No change was shown i n th e volume o f i n j u r i e s i n th e p u b lic u t i l i t i e s in d u s try ; a s l i g h t drop in th e in ju r y r a t e s c o u n te r-b a lan ced th e i n c re a se i n employment.

I n th e raining in d u s t r ie s , in ju r y experience v a r ie d w id e ly . I n te r n s o f f a t a l i t i e s th e 1952 re c o rd o f th e group was e x c e l le n t . There were no m ajor mine d i s a s te r s du rin g 1he y e a r and th e c o a l m ining in d u s try ended th e p e r io d w ith th e lo w est volume o f death s on re c o rd , accord ing to th e lo n g -te rm re c o rd s com piled by th e Bureau of M ines. I n re s p e c t to n o n fa ta l i n j u r i e s , th e m ining reco rd was l e s s fa v o ra b le . The 1952 t o t a l f o r a l l m ining was p r a c t i c a l l y unchanged from th a t o f the p reced ing y e a r even though employment was some U#5 p e rc en t l e s s th an in 1951. I n b itum inous co a l m ining, th e in ju r y frequency r a te ro se sh a rp ly w h ile employment droppedand the volume o f i n ju r i e s rem ained alm ost th e sane as i n 1951. In most o th e r raining in d u s t r ie s th e in ju r y - f r e quency r a te s h e ld c lo se to 1951 l e v e l s and th e volume o f i n ju r i e s v a r ie d d i r e c t l y w ith changes i n employment. The crude petro leum in d u s try a lone had an improved in ju ry -fre q u e n c y r a t e , b u t th e improvement i n s a f e ty was n o t su ff i c i e n t to r e s u l t i n a s ig n i f ic a n t change in th e volume o f i n j u r i e s .

I n a g r ic u l tu r e , th e decrease o f 10,000 i n j u r i e s from 330,000 in 1951 to320.000 in 1952'Was about i n p ro p o r tio n to the decrease i n employment i n t h i s f i e l d .

A pproxim ately 15,000 o f th e more th an 2 m il l io n work in ju r i e s which occu rred during 1952 r e s u l te d in d e a th . An a d d it io n a l 8U,000 caused some p e rmanent d i s a b i l i t y , such as th e am putation o f a body member o r th e perm anent im pairm ent o f a body fu n c tio n . T h is l a t t e r group in c lu d e d approx im ate ly 1 ,500 cases in which th e i n j u r i e s were s e r io u s enough to com pletely in c a p a c i ta te th e persons f o r any g a in fu l employment f o r th e r e s t o f t h e i r l i v e s . The rem ainder o f the t o t a l ca se s (approx im ate ly 1,91)1,000) were tem porary i n j u r i e s which


3Estimated number of disabling work in ju ries during 195>2, by industry d iv ision

(Revised)

Industry d iv isionA ll

disablingin ju r ies

Deaths Permanent imp alimentsTemporary-

to ta ld is a b il it ie s

A ll employed persons : 1 /

All industry d i v i s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,01)0,000 15,000 2/81), 000 1,91)1,000

Agriculture 320,000 3,800 (V ) (V )Mining 5 /0. . 7 . . . 75,000 1,000 (V ) (V )Contract construction 6 / , . * * . , . . . . . 220,000 2,1(00 77500 209,700Manufacturing 7 / . . . . . . 7 . . . 1)80,000 2,1)00 23,600 1)51), 000Transportation"^/. 181), 000 1,1)00 (V ) OV)Public u t i l i t ie s ' 6 / . . . . . . * * a , ooo 300 (S ') (]V)Trade ^ . * . 7 . . . . # . ......... .Finance, service, government, and

360,000 1,500 8,000 350,500

miscellaneous industries 380,000 2,200 (I/) (1/)

Employees only 1 /

A ll industry d i v i s i o n s . . . . . **.***,*. , 1,581,000 11,000 66,000 i,5ol),ooo

Agriculture 3 / . . . 58,000 1,000 (V ) (V )lin in g 5 / . . * * * ......... . . . . . 72,000 900 ( V ) (Ty)Contract construction 176,000 1,900 673OO 167,800Manufacturing 7 / . . . . 1)70,000 2,300 23,100 l)U),600T ransportation^/. 161), 000 1,300 (V ) ( l y )Public u t i l i t i e s 6 / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a , ooo 300 m ify)Trade y m............. ..Finance, service, government, and

280,000 1,200 67200 272,600

mi sc e l l aneous indus tr ie s . . 3l)0,ooo 2,100 (i/) (k/)

y D ifferences between in ju r ies to a l l employed persons and in ju r ies to employees represent in ju r ies to self-employed and unpaid family workers; neither figure includes workers in domestic service*

2/ Includes approximately l y$00 permanent-total d isa b ilit ie s*

3 / The to ta l number of work in ju r ies in agriculture i s based on cross section surveys of the U* S* Department of Agriculture in 19U7, and 191$, with adjustments for changes in employment* These are considered to be it&nimum figures; in ju r ies experienced in performing chores are excluded; and there are some indications of under-reporting* The e s t i mates of deaths are based on v ita l s ta t is t ic s figures from those S tates which provide the necessary d e ta il,

y Data not shown separately, but included in grand to ta l.

5 / Based la rg e ly on data compiled by the Bureau of Hines, U. S. Department of the Interior*

6/ Based on small sample surveys*

7 / Based on comprehensive survey*

8 / Data for railroads are based on In tersta te Commerce Commission reports; data for othertran spoliation are based on small sample surveys*


kd is a b le d th e w orkers f o r one f u l l day o r more a f t e r th e day o f in ju r y , b u t from which the in ju r e d persons reco v ered w ith o u t any perm anent i l l e f f e c ts *

As a r e s u l t o f work in ju r i e s o ccu rrin g in 1952, app rox im ate ly IpL m il l io n man-days were l o s t during th e y e a r - e q u iv a le n t to th e lo s s o f 137,000 f u l l tim e w orkers from th e la b o r fo rc e f o r th e e n t i r e y e a r . When a d d it io n a l a llo w ance i s made f o r the fu tu re e f f e c t s o f the d ea th s and permanent p h y s ic a l imp a irm en ts , the t o t a l economic t im e - lo s s amounts to about 206 m il l io n m an-days o r a y e a r s fu l l - t im e employment of 687,000 w orkers.

Injury-Frequency Rates

M an u fac tu rin g .Although the decrease i n th e a ll-m a n u fa c tu rin g freq u en cy r a te between 1951 and 1952 was somewhat sm a lle r th an had been in d ic a te d by p re lim in a ry e s tim a te s , th e drop to 1U.3 more th a n o f f s e t in c re a s e s w hich c a r r ie d th e r a t e from th e p rev io u s lox* o f 1U.5 in 19U9 to lU*7 in 1950 and 1 5 .5 i n 1951 (see c h a r t 2 ) . The 1952 average was th e lo w e st in th e Bureau*s 27-y e a r in ju r y - r a te s e r i e s .

M onth-to-month changes i n th e 1952 average in ju ry -fre q u e n c y r a te f o r m anufactu ring , ex cep t f o r m inor v a r ia t io n s , fo llow ed much th e same seasonal p a t te r n as i n p rev io u s y e a rs (see c h a r t 3 ) . The summer in c re a s e occu rred a . month e a r l i e r th an in most p rev io u s y e a rs , w ith a 1 0 -p e rc en t in c re a s e between May and June, compared w ith th e u su a l s l i g h t d ecrease f o r t h i s p e r io d . The downtrend in th e freq u en cy r a te began i n August, w ith a drop o f 8 p e rc e n t, w hereas in most p rev io u s y e a rs , August has been th e peak month. November showed a somewhat g r e a te r drop th an in most p rev io u s y e a r s , b u t t h i s was o f f s e t by a somewhat sm a lle r d ecrease th a n u su a l i n December. In se v e ra l months th e frequency r a t e s i n 1952 were above th o se f o r 19^9 o r 1950, b u t , excep t f o r th e Ju n e -Ju ly peak, th e 1952 r a te s rem ained c o n s is te n t ly low .

Of th e 21 m ajor m anufacturing in d u s try groups, 7 had average r a t e s in 1952 t h a t were one f u l l freq u e n c y -ra te p o in t o r more below th o se of 1951; 9 o th e rs showed d e c rea se s , t u t o f l e s s than one f u l l p o in t ; 1 showed no change; and on ly lj. re p o rte d m inor in c re a s e s (see ta b le A ),

The lum ber and wood p ro d u c ts group, which had th e h ig h e s t i n j u r y - f r e quency r a t e , a lso showed the l a r g e s t d ecreasefrom 52.8 to U9. 6. W ith in t h i s group 5 o f th e 9 in d iv id u a l in d u s t r ie s reco rded d ecrea se s o f one f u l l frequency - r a t e p o in t o r more, and only 1 re p o r te d a s ig n if ic a n t in c re a s e .

An encouraging re d u c tio n in in ju r i e s a lso o ccu rred in th e s to n e , c la y , and g la s s group of in d u s t r ie s ; th e average frequency r a te dropped from 21.0 to 19 .3 w ith th e d ecrease in in d iv id u a l in d u s t r ie s amounting to as much a s 18 p e rc e n t.

Frequency r a te s in alm ost h a l f (77) of th e 159 in d iv id u a l in d u s t r ie s f o r which d a ta were a v a ila b le f o r b o th y e a rs were low er by one o r more p o in ts ,


5Chari 2. INJURY-FREQUENCY RATES IN MANUFACTURING 1938- 52

RATE

UNITID STATIS DtPATMNT Of IABOK

Chart 3. INJURY-FREQUENCY RATES IN MANUFACTURING,

1950-52

Injury-frequency rates in manufacturing1938-52

Annually

Year Rate

1938 ................................ 15.11939 ................................ 1U.919140 .............................. 15.319141 ......................... 18.119U2................................ 19.91 9 U 3 ................................... 20.019bk ............................. 18.U1916 ............................. 18.619U 6................................ 19.919U7............................ 18.81 9 $ ................................ 17.21 9 l 9 ................................ 1U.51 9 5 0 .............................. 1U.71 9 5 1 .............................. 15.51952 ................................ 1U.3

Injury-frequency rates in manufacturing1950-52

Monthly

Month 1950 1951 1952

J an* 13 .U 15.7 1U.6Feb* . . . . 1 U.0 15.8 1U.5Mar............ 13.7 i5 .o 1U.3Apr* . . . . 13.7 15.8 1U.6May . . . . 1U.6 16.3 l h . lJune . . . . lU.U 15.7 15.5July . . . . i5 .o 16.9 15.9Aug............ 16.3 16.5 1 U.6Sept* . . . . 15.5 15.H 1U.5Oct............ 16.2 15.6 1U.7Nov* . . . . 15.1 1U.0 12.8Dec* . . . . 13.8 12.9 12.6

Annual.. . # average

1U.7 15.5 lU .3


6and only 16 had s ig n if ic a n t ly h ig h er ra te s i n 1952 than in 1951. Outstanding decreases took p lace i n the follow ing in d u s tr ie s !

In ju ry -frequency ra te s

ELaning m i l l s . . . . ............. ................ Beehive coke o v e n s ............... ..C o ld -fin ished s t e e l . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C ut-stone and stone p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . .Steel, f o u n d r ie s . . ............... ................ ..V itreous-enam eled p ro d u c ts ..................M ortic ians' goods.................. ..................Logging................................ ...........................C u tlery and edge t o o l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G ray-iron and m alleable fo u n d r ie s . . .

1952 1951

38.k k8.130.5 38.811.6 19.132.8 kO.l2k. 7 31.515.8 22.619. k 26.292.1 98.915.6 21.233.0 38.3

D esp ite the improvement in th e sa fe ty reco rd of most m anufacturing indust r i e s , th e frequency r a te s fo r many remained h igh . In f a c t , severa l of the in d u s tr ie s where n o tab le r a te decreases occurred were in the l a t t e r category th e ra te fo r logg ing , fo r example, continued to exceed th e r a te s fo r a l l o th e r in d u s tr ie s except g o ld -s ilv e r m ining. Other m anufacturing in d u s tr ie s w ith high- frequency ra te s included:

In ju ry -freq u en cy r a te s

1952

S aw m ills ............. ........................................ 5 5 .3Sawmills and p laning m ills in te g ra te d k7.2Veneer m ills .............. k6.9Beet sugar................ k0.7B oatbuild ing and r e p a i r i n g . . . . . . . . . . . kO.OFlaning m i l l s . ................... ........................... 38 .itS tru c tu ra l c lay p roducts ......... ............... 35.3

In c o n tra s t, a number o f manufacturing in d u s tr ie s recorded unusually low in ju ry -freq u en cy r a te s . The sy n thetic f ib e r s in d u s try had a r a te o f 1 .6 ; m iscellaneous communication equipment, 3 .2 ; sy n th e tic rubber, 3 .3 ; exp losives, 3 .k ; a i r c r a f t , 3 .7 ; rubber footw ear, 3 .8 ; e le c t r i c lamps (b u lb s), 3 .9 ; rad io tu b es, k .5 ; and e le c t r i c a l equipment fo r v e h ic le s , k .7 .

The simple in d u s try averages, however, tend to obscure s ig n if ic a n t r a te v a r ia tio n s which may e x is t fo r p a r t ic u la r groups o f p la n ts w ith in each in d u st r y c la s s i f ic a t io n . A ta b le based upon size of estab lishm ent o r s ize o f r e p o rtin g u n it shows many such varf.ati.ons. For example, the average in ju r y - frequency r a te fo r a l l rep o rtin g m ils manufacturing motor v e h ic le s , bod ies,


7and t r a i l e r s was only 5*2; however, the average fo r sm all p la n ts (those w ith 20 to 2+9 em ployees)within th i s in d u s try was 2+3.2+ (see ta b le C) 2 / . S im ilarly* although the average ra te fo r the explosives in d u s try as a whole was only 3*k> u n its w ith 50 to 99 employees had a r a te of 23*0. The average ra te fo r the p la s t ic s in d u s try was 5U> bu t u n its w ith fewer than 100 employees recorded a r a te of 29. 8; and b la s t fu rnaces and s te e l m ills rep o rted an average r a te o f 6. 5, but those w ith 250 to 2+99 employees had a r a te of 32+.9*

Thus i t i s ev ident th a t the in ju ry - ra te experience of segments w ith indust r i e s , as w ell as average ra te s fo r in d u s tr ie s as a whole, are s ig n if ic a n t in determ ining those a reas th a t can p r o f i t from more concen tra ted s a fe ty work. A ta b u la tio n o f in ju ry ra te s by s iz e o f rep o rtin g u n it (as p resen ted in ta b le C), i s h e lp fu l in po in ting out p a r t ic u la r s iz e groups which need g re a te r s a fe ty work. The la rg e r estab lishm en ts, which can a ffo rd tra in e d s a fe ty engineers and which conduct in te n s iv e s a fe ty programs, g e n e ra lly have the low est r a te s . U sually the medium-size p la n ts have the h ig h est r a te s , and the sm allest estab lishm ents show ra te s somewhat below the medium-size p la n ts but above the average fo r th e in d u s try . In 2+2+ (33 percen t) of th e 132 manufacturing c l a s s i f i c a tio n s fo r which s iz e ta b u la tio n s are p resen ted in ta b le C, the h ig h est ra te s were found among u n its w ith 100 to 22+9 employees; in an a d d itio n a l 38* (29 percen t) of the in d u s tr ie s , the h ig h est averages were rep o rted by p la n ts w ith 50 to 99 employees; and in 2b in d u s tr ie s , the h ig h est r a te s were recorded in sm all p la n ts (20 to 2+9 employees). In 15 in d u s tr ie s^ th e h ig h est ra te s were repo rted by u n its w ith 250 to 2+99 employees; and in 6 in d u s tr ie s , by those w ith 500 to 999 employees. However, in 3 in d u s tr ie s , the h ighest ra te s were reported by the sm allest p la n ts ( le s s than 20 employees) and in two o th e rs , by la rg e u n its( 1,000 to 2,2+99).

Although th e re i s a general p a tte rn of in ju ry ra te s by s iz e of p la n t, th is p a tte rn i s by no means d i s t in c t fo r a l l in d u s tr ie s . In d u s tr ie s composed predom inately o f very la rg e estab lishm ents u su a lly show a wide v a r ia tio n in in ju ry r a te s between the sm all- and medium-size p la n ts and th e la rg e r estab lishm en ts. On th e o ther hand, in many in d u s tr ie s composed p r in c ip a lly of sm all- and medium-size p la n ts , the v a r ia tio n s in in ju ry -frequency ra te s by s iz e of estab lishm ent were sm all. For example, in the wooden co n ta in ers indust r y , which had an average of 3bb> the h ig h est in ju ry -freq u en cy r a te recorded f o r any s ize group was 36. 3* fo r p la n ts w ith 50 to 99 employees; th e low est r a te was 29.2+, fo r those w ith fewer than 20 employees. L ikew ise, among plywood m ills the h ig h est size-group average was 38.2+ and the low est 28.8; in the valves and f i t t i n g s in d u s try , th e h ighest was 21*8 and the low est 16. 1 ; and in th e d a iry products c la s s i f ic a t io n , the h ighest was 19.8 and the low est, 12+.2+.

Nonmanufacturing. Among th e 2+9 in d iv id u a l nonmanufacturing in d u s tr ie s (o th e r than m ining), fo r which data f o r 1951 and 1952 were a v a ila b le , 23 showed decreases of one f u l l frequency -ra te p o in t or more, and only 8 recorded s ig n if ic a n t in c re a se s .

2 / This ta b u la tio n was based on a s iz e -o f - re p o r tin g -u n it c la s s i f ic a t io n ra th e r than a s ize -o f-e s tab lish m en t or size-of-com pany breakdown (see appendix.p. 16 ) .


8The co n stru c tio n group showed the g re a te s t improvement, w ith a 12-percent reduc tion in in ju ry frequency, although the average ra te of 3i|..6 was among the h ig h est recorded in the 1952 survey. W ithin th is group, the heavy constructio n in d u stry r a te dropped from 1+2.3 to 26.2 , c h ie f ly because many la rg e employers in th is f ie ld had a g re a tly improved s a fe ty reco rd . S izable reductions in the frequency of in ju r ie s a lso occurred in masonry, stone s e t t in g and o th er stonework (from 1+0*7 to 33*1) in s ta l l a t io n and e re c tio n of b u ild in g equipment (from 29*6 to 22*0), and roofing and sheet-m etal work (from 1+3.7 to 38*0).

The r a te fo r u t i l i t i e s and s a n ita ry se rv ices decreased from 13*5 to 12.1+, w ith the p r in c ip a l improvement occurring in the gas u t i l i t i e s and waterworks in d u s tr ie s .

The m iscellaneous tra n sp o r ta tio n in d u s tr ie s f o r which data were compiled had an average frequency ra te of 22.1+ in 1952, compared w ith 21+.0 in 1951Each in d u s try in th is group, except in te g ra te d lo c a l tra n s p o r ta tio n systems and stevedoring , rep o rted lower r a te s in 1952 than in 1951*

Each in d u s try in the trad e group, except general merchandise s to re s and ea tin g and drink ing p la ce s , showed s l ig h t decreases in in ju ry -frequency r a te s . For th e group as a whole the average was 12*1+ in 1952 compared with 12.9 in 1951.

The r a te fo r p o lice departments decreased from 36.5 to 33*2, bu t th a t fo r f i r e departments increased from 30U to 3l+7. Communications, personal serv ices, business se rv ic e s , and educational se rv ices showed l i t t l e change in in ju ry r a te s between 1951 and 1952.

The in d iv id u a l nonmanufacturing in d u s tr ie s th a t rep o rted high in ju ry - f re quency ra te s in 1952 (see lis b in g below) were g en e ra lly the same as those th a t showed high ra te s in previous y ears;

In ju ry -frequencyra te

S tev ed o rin g ............................................................ 87.9S tr u c tu ra l - s te e l e re c tio n and ornamental

iro n work..................................... 1+6.9Highway and s t r e e t c o n s tru c tio n .................. 1+6.0General b u ild in g c o n tra c to rs ......................... 38.1Roofing and sheet-m etal work.................. 38.0P la s te r in g and la th in g ..................................... 36.8Warehousing and s to ra g e ...................... 36.1;Trucking and h au lin g ...................... 36.0M iscellaneous sp e c ia l- tra d e c o n tra c to r s . . 35.9

O utstandingly low ra te s among in d iv id u a l nonmanufacturing in d u s tr ie s were 1 .6 fo r telephone communications; 1 .9 fo r insurance; 2 .0 fo r banks and o th e r f in a n c ia l agencies; 3*8 fo r r e t a i l apparel and accesso rie s ; i+,0 fo r rad io b roadcasting .


9Mining and Quarrying j / . The in ju ry -frequency r a te fo r th e bituminous coal mining in d u s try increased sharp ly from 51$ in 1951 to 59*5 in 1952} th a t f o r a n th ra c ite mining remained about the same, a t 67.1;. The average fo r m etal mines b3.8 a lso showed l i t t l e change} however, iro n , copper, and le ad -z in c mining showed s l ig h t decreases in in ju ry r a te s . The ra te fo r g o ld -s ilv e r mining remained unchanged a t 101.8the h ig h est r a te among a l l in d u s tr ie s in cluded in th i s s tudy . G old-placer mining and m iscellaneous m etal mining recorded s u b s ta n tia l in c re a se s , reaching ra te s of U0.8 and 86.2, re sp e c tiv e ly . The average fo r q u a rrie s , 36 .0 , and th a t fo r ore d ressing m ills , 22 ,1 , showed l i t t l e change from 1951, although frequency ra te s fo r in d iv id u a l in d u s tr ie s w ith in these groups showed some wide v a r ia t io n s . The r a te fo r nonmetal mines (o th e r than q u a rrie s) dropped from 1+6.2+ in ju r ie s per m illio n man-hours in 1951 to 32.1 in 1952.

Rate Changes fo r Id e n tic a l Reporting U n its .The in ju ry r a te s p resen ted in th is re p o rt rep re sen t th e average experience of a l l p la n ts rep o rtin g in the re spective y e a rs . Y ear-to -year changes in these r a te s , however, r e f l e c t not only changes in sa fe ty accomplishments, bu t a lso changes in th e composition of the rep o rtin g groups. Progress in acciden t prevention may perhaps be measured more accu ra te ly by comparing the in ju ry experience of id e n t ic a l estab lishm ents re p o rtin g in successive y ears . On th is b a s is , the improvement in the sa fe ty record between 1951 and 1952 appears to have been even g re a te r than in d ica ted by comparisons of ra te s derived from a l l re p o rts received (see ta b le E).

For a l l m anufacturing^injury-frequency ra te s based on data from over 29,000 id e n tic a l u n its rep o rtin g in both years showed a decrease of 10 percent* compared w ith a decrease of 8 percen t fo r a l l rep o rtin g u n i ts . S im ila r ly , in the stevedoring in d u s try , the average ra te fo r u n its rep o rtin g in both years increased only 2 p e rcen t, whereas the ra te fo r a l l rep o rtin g u n its rose 15 p e rcen t. In 70 percent of the manufacturing in d u s tr ie s fo r which such comparisons could be made, th e re was a decrease of 5 percen t or more in th e average frequency ra te fo r those u n its which reported in both 1951 and 1952.Seven o f these in d u s tr ie s showed decreases of 25 percen t or more, as shown below:

3 / Based on p re lim inary ta b u la tio n s prepared by th e Bureau of Mines, U. S .t)epartment of the I n te r io r .

Percent decrease in in ju ry -freq u en cy ra te s f o r id e n t ic a l rep o rtin g u n i ts , 1951 to 1 9 5 2 ___

Envelopes............. .............................................Fur goods and m iscellaneous a p p a re l . . .Ophthalmic goods............................................C o ld -fin ished s t e e l ......................................Rubber footw ear..............................................M o rtic ian s1 goods..........................................M iscellaneous communication equipment.

553b3b33333129


1 0

In nonmanufacturing, the comparison was not as conclusive, However, 27 (55 percen t) of the in d u s tr ie s fo r which comparison could be made, showed decreases of 5 percent o r more in the average in ju ry -frequency ra te fo r u n its repo rting both in 1951 and 1952, Only 9 in d u s tr ie s recorded in c rease s a f as much as 5 p e rc en t, and th e remaining 13 showed changes, p lu s and minus, of le s s than 5 p e rcen t.

Injury Severity

The s e v e r ity o f work in ju r ie s i s b e s t measured by the a c tu a l number o f days o f d i s a b i l i ty in the case of temporary d i s a b i l i t i e s or the standard time charge assigned fo r permanent d i s a b i l i t i e s or f a t a l i t i e s . The standard severi t y ra te i s , in e f fe c t , a composite index o f the frequency ra te and the average tim e-lo ss p e r case , s ince i t i s a r a t io o f t o t a l time lo s t to t o ta l hours worked. Therefore, the combination of a high frequency r a te and a low average tim e- lo ss could re s u l t in the same sev e rity r a te as would high average tim e-lo ss and low frequency. S im ila rly , a change in the s e v e r ity ra te may r e f le c t changes in the average days l o s t , the frequency r a te , or bo th .

M anufacturing. -The average number of days lo s t o r charged per case fo r in ju r ie s occurring in m anufacturing during 1952 was 85, compared w ith 82 in 1951 (see ta b le A). This s l ig h t in c rease was o f f s e t by th e decrease in in ju ry - frequency ra te in 1952. As a r e s u l t , the s e v e r ity r a te of 1 ,3 days l o s t fo r each thousand hours worked was the same as fo r 1951,

In d iv id u a l cases v a ried from those involving only 1 day of d i s a b i l i ty to those re s u lt in g in death o r perm anen t-to ta l d is a b i l i ty . . The g rea t m ajo rity of in ju r ie s (9k*3 p e rcen t) caused only temporary d i s a b i l i ty and th e in ju red workers su ffe red no permanent i l l e f f e c t s . Many o f th ese c ase s , however, were of long dura tion ; the average tim e lo s t fo r temporary d is a b i l i t i e s was 17 days. In 5*^ 4 percen t o f in ju r ie s to m anufacturing w orkers, some permanent physica l impairment re su lte d , ranging from the p a r t i a l lo s s of use of a f in g e r or toe t o complete lo s s of an arm o r leg (see ta b le D). These "permanent- p a r t ia l" d i s a b i l i t i e s , although not com pletely in c a p a c ita tin g the workers fo r fu tu re employment, nev erth eless perm anently reduced th e i r working e ff ic ie n c y .The estim ated lo s t e f f ic ie n c y amounted to an average of 909 days per case .Deaths and perm anen t-to ta l d i s a b i l i t i e s re su lte d from only 0.3 percen t of th e in ju r ie s ; however, each o f these cases i s assigned a s tandard time charge of 6,000 days, rep resen tin g the average w o rk -life expectancy of 20 years fo r th e e n tire working popu la tion . Although th e p ropo rtion of the more se rio u s cases was sm all, the heavy time charges assigned to them were an im portant fa c to r in ra is in g th e average charge per case to 85 days..

The average tim e-lo ss v a ried w idely not only among in d iv id u a l manufactu rin g in d u s tr ie s , b u t a lso from y ear to year fo r the same in d u s try . These v a r ia t io n s , in la rg e p a r t , r e f le c te d changes in the number or p ropo rtion of deaths and permanent im pairm ents. In th e women's and c h ild re n 's c lo th in g in d u stry , f o r example, the average number of days l o s t was fo u r tim es g re a te r i.nl952 than 1951 (63 days compared w ith 16), because two in ju r ie s rep o rted by estab lishm ents p a r t ic ip a t in g in the 1952 survey re su lte d in death , whereas no deaths


1 1

Chart 4. INJURY-FREQUENCY RATES AND SEVERITY AVERAGES, MAJOR MANUFACTURING GROUPS, 1952

Average Days Lost Per Disabling Injury

140 120 100 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 ;|

m m m m m m m m w /, mm mm1 A:yy'yyyyZyZyz\

izzz/zzz///zzzz/////7//////z7zzz M isce llaneousM a n u fa c tu r in gLeather

T extile s

m m m

mmmChem icals m m and the p ro p o rtio n of in ju r ie s re su ltin g in permanent- p a r t i a l d i s a b i l i t i e s rose from 1,5 to 3*3 percen t.

Changes in the average days l o s t or charged per case were re f le c te d , in tu rn , in changes in the standard s e v e r ity r a te . In the women's and c h ild re n 's c lo th ing in d u s try , c i te d above, the s e v e r i ty ra te rose from 0.1 in 1951 to 0 .i|


1 2

in 1952* S im ilar re la tio n sh ip s between changes in average time lo s t and those in se v e rity ra te s were a lso observed in o th e r in d u s tr ie s , as shown below:

Average days l o s t In ju ry -s e v e r ity or charged per case _____ra te ______

1952 1951 1952 1951

Vegetable and animal o i l s and f a ts Nonferrous ro l l in g , drawing, and

196 50 1*.5 1.3

a llo y in g ................................................. xUU h9 2 .2 .8B a tte r ie s . ................. .................... 177 62 2.3 1.0P a r t i t io n s and f ix tu r e s ................... .. 115 1*5 2.2 .9C oncrete, gypsum, and m ineral wool 139 56 3 .6 1.1*Metal household fu r n i tu re ................. 122 56 2.3 1 .2Food products m achinery................. .. hb 126 1 .1 2.1*Plywood m i l l s * . . .................................... 67 11*8 2 .1 U.3A irc ra f t p a r t s ...................................... . 59 125 .1* .9

Although changes in the s e v e r ity ra te u su a lly p a ra lle le d the changes in the average days l o s t per case , the r e la t iv e le v e l o f the se v e r ity ra te w&s more o ften re la te d to the frequency of in ju r ie s than to the d u ra tio n of the case s . In d u s tr ie s w ith the most serio u s c ase s , as measured by the average tim e -lo ss , o ften had m oderately low in ju ry -s e v e r i ty r a te s , merely because the volume of in ju r ie s was low. B last fu rnaces and s te e l m il ls , fo r example, re ported the h ighest average days l o s t per case215 days. In th i s in d u s try ,1 .6 percen t o f the cases were f a t a l i t i e s or perm anen t-to ta l d i s a b i l i t i e s , and 90 percent were p e rm anen t-partia l d i s a b i l i t i e s j the temporary cases averaged 35 days recovery tim e. However, the low frequency ra te of 6.5 kep t the sevei>- i t y r a te down to 1.1*. The r a i l ro a d equipment in d u s try rep o rted an average of 181 days lo s t per case , a frequency ra te of 9*1* and a s e v e r ity ra te of 1.5

High s e v e r ity ra te s were as o ften asso c ia ted w ith a high frequency of in ju r ie s as w ith a long d u ra tio n of cases . This i s shown by the follow ing f ig u re s on the h ig h -se v e r ity -ra te in d u s tr ie s :

AverageS ev e rity Frequency days lo s t

r a te ra te per case

Logging............................................................... 11.7 92.1 123Vegetable and animal o i ls and f a t s . . . . 1*.5 22.5 196Sawmills and planing m il ls , in te g ra te d bJb 1*7.2 92Saw m ills...................................... ...................... 1*.3 55.3 77Concrete, gypsum, and m ineral w o o l.. . . 3 .6 25.1* 139F e r t i l i z e r s ....................................................... 3 .2 19.8 151Malt and m alt l iq u o r s . ............................. .. 3 .1 21.9 133


1 3

NonmanufacturingIn nonmanufacturing, the co n stru c tio n group repo rted the h ighest in ju ry -s e v e r ity ra te 37* This was alm ost th ree tim es the 1 .3 s e v e r ity ra te fo r a ll-m an u factu rin g ,b u t each in ju ry in co n stru c tio n was not th ree tim es as s e r io u s . In f a c t , the average days lo s t o r charged per in ju ry in co n stru c tio n was 105* or only 2k percen t g re a te r than th e r a te in manufa c tu r in g . The d is p a r i ty in s e v e r ity ra te s fo r co n stru c tio n and a l l manufactu r in g la rg e ly re je c te d the fa c t th a t the frequency ra te for co n stru c tio n was n e a rly tw o-and-one-half times th a t fo r m anufacturings

In p a r t ic u la r in d u s tr ie s w ith in the c o n stru c tio n group, however, in ju r ie s on the average were more serious than in most o th e r in d u s tr ie s . For example, in s t ru c tu ra l s te e l e re c tio n and ornamental iro n work an average of 295 days was lo s t o r charged per case. This high average was due p rim arily to the f a c t th a t 2.3 percent of the in ju r ie s re su lte d in death o r perm anen t-to ta l d isa b i l i t y . In ad d itio n , 6.7 percent o f the cases were perm anen t-partia l im pairments, fo r which the average tim e-charge was 1,998 days, compared w ith 909 fo r m anufacturing. In ju r ie s involving the lo s s o r lo s s o f use of an am or leg accounted fo r 37 percen t o f the perm anen t-partia l cases in s t r u c tu r a l - s te e l e re c tio n , bu t fo r only 6 percen t in manufacturing (see ta b le D). (These two types o f impairments c a r ry th e h eav ies t tim e-charge among the perm anen t-partia l d i s a b i l i t i e s . ) The la rg e number of days lo s t per case , coupled w ith a high frequency ra te (U 6.9), re su lte d in the h ig h est in d u stry s e v e r ity r a te (13*8) in the 1952 survey. In ju r ie s in the p a in tin g , paperhanging, and decorating in d u stry averaged 183 days per case , la rg e ly because 2.8 percent of th e cases re s u lte d in death or perm anent-to ta l d i s a b i l i ty . The frequency r a te was 23*6 and the s e v e r ity r a te , k*3* Heavy co n stru c tio n , except highway and s t r e e t , re ported an average of Y[k days per case and a s e v e r ity ra te of lw5$ 17 percen t o f the cases rep o rted were f a t a l i t i e s or perm anen t-to ta l d i s a b i l i t i e s , and 1;.8 percen t were perm anen t-partia l impairments.

The stevedoring in d u s try repo rted the second h ig h est s e v e r ity ra te (9*5) among the nonmanufacturing in d u s tr ie s . This high r a te , however, was due more to the high frequency than to the s e v e r ity of in ju r ie s . An average o f 128 days was lo s t p e r case; and th e d is t r ib u tio n of cases0.3 p ercen t f a t a l i t i e s or perm anen t-to ta l d i s a b i l i t i e s and 5*9 percent perm anen t-partia l impairments-*- did not d i f f e r markedly from the a ll-m anufacturing f ig u re s . In c o n tra s t, in ju r ie s in the e le c t r i c l ig h t and power in d u s try averaged 170 days per case, bu t because of a r e la t iv e ly low frequency r a te (10.7 ) , the s e v e r ity r a te was only 1 .8 . Deaths and perm anent-to ta l d i s a b i l i t i e s accounted fo r 1 .7 percent of the cases rep o rted in th is in d u s try . In la u n d rie s , a frequency ra te of 10.6 and an average of 121 days per case re su lte d in a s e v e r ity r a te of only 1 . 3j whereas in the waterworks in d u s try , an average of 115 days l o s t or charged per case , coupled w ith a m oderately high frequency ra te (21.U ), produced a severi t y ra te of 2*5#


APPENDIX

I l l

Technical Notes

A ll in ju r y - r a te d a ta p resen ted in t h i s re p o rt were compiled according to the p ro v is io n s of the American Standard Method of Compiling In d u s t r ia l In ju ry R ates, approved by the American Standards A ssocia tion , 19h5.

D e f in i t io n s .The in iurv-freciuencv ra te i s th e average number of d isab lin g work in ju r ie s fo r each mil3.ion employee-hours worked.

A d isab lin g work in ju ry i s any in ju ry occurring in the course of and a r is in g out "of employment," which (a) r e s u l ts in death or any degree of permanen t p hysica l impairment, o r (b) makes the in ju re d worker unable to perform the d u tie s of any re g u la r ly e s ta b lish e d jo b , which i s open and a v a ila b le to him, throughout the hours corresponding to h is re g u la r s h i f t on any one o r more days a f t e r the day of in ju ry (includ ing Sundays, days o f f , or p la n t shu tdowns). The term " in ju ry " inc ludes occupational d ise a se .

The se v e r! ty r a te i s the average number o f days l o s t , because of d isab lin g work in ju r i e s , p e r 1,000 employee-hours worked. The computation of days l o s t inc ludes the use of s tandard time charges fo r f a t a l i t i e s and permanent d is a b i l i t i e s . Each death or perm anent-to ta l d i s a b i l i ty was charged w ith a time lo s s of 6,000 days.

Survey M ethods.Data were ob tained by m ail q u estio n n a ires sen t to a re p re sen t a:Exven3rstoi^einpl oyers in m anufacturing and most nonmanufacturing in d u st r i e s , Data fo r mining industries and f o r petroleum re f in in g , coke, cement, lim e, and nonferrous m etal prim ary sm elting and re f in in g in d u s tr ie s were c o lle c te d by th e Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the I n t e r io r . Not inc luded in the survey were a g r ic u ltu re , fo re s try , and f i s h e r ie s j r a i l ro a d s , in te r s ta te bus, w ater, a i r , and p ip e lin e tra n sp o r ta tio n ; te leg rap h and m iscellaneous communication; domestic se rv ice ; and government (except education , f i r e , and p o lic e s e r v ic e s '. Data, on the volume of in ju r ie s in these l a t t e r in d u s tr ie s were obtained from a l l a v a ilab le sources, p a r t ic u la r ly th e I n te r s t a t e Commerce Commission, the Department of A g ricu ltu re , and th e U. S. Bureau of Employees' Compensation. Estim ates were prepared from these fo r in c lu s io n in the compilat io n of the volume of d isa b ilin g work in ju r ie s in a l l in d u s try d iv is io n s (domestic serv ice excluded).

The survey samples fo r each in d u s try were s e le c te d to give adequate re p re se n ta tio n in each S ta te and in each s ize -o f-es tab lish m en t group. Because of th e i r g re a te r o v e ra ll importance in th e to ta l employment of any given in d u s try , la rg e and medium s ize estab lishm ents were more f u l l y rep resen ted than were the sm aller p la n ts .


1 5

In m anufacturing, i n 1952, d a ta were received from 1)1,997 rep o rtin g u n i ts , employing approxim ately 9,720,000 w orkers, o r about 60 p e rcen t o f a l l employees engaged in m anufacturing. I n the nonmanufacturing in d u s tr ie s ,31,019 re p o r ts , covering a t o t a l of 2,500,000 employees, were rece iv ed . The mining in d u s tr ie s which rep o rted d a ta to the Bureau of Mines employed 573,000 w orkers. The number o f re p o rtin g u n i ts and employees inc luded in th e sample f o r each in d u s try a re shown in ta b le A.

W eigh ting .--S ince each in d u s try was no t rep resen ted by th e same p ropo r- t io n a te sample, th e in ju ry -freq u en cy and s e v e r ity r a te s fo r m anufacturing, mining, and tra d e were w eighted to secure th e group averages. The r a te s f o r in d iv id u a l in d u s tr ie s were assigned w eights based upon the estim ated t o t a l employment in each in d u s try . Average days l o s t or charged per case and th e d is tr ib u tio n of cases by ex ten t of d is a b i l i ty fo r in d u s try groups were unweighted, being based on the simple t o t a l s from re p o rts which fu rn ished d e ta i l s regard ing the n a tu re and len g th of d i s a b i l i ty .

Workers Covered.In ju ry r a te s compiled by the Bureau of Labor S ta t i s t i c s inc luded the experience of a l l c la s se s of employees in each rep o rtin g u n i t . P ro p rie to rs , self-em ployed persons, domestic w orkers, unpaid fam ily workers, and members of the Armed Forces were excluded from in ju ry - ra te com putations. P ro p rie to rs , self-em ployed persons, and unpaid fam ily w orkers, however, were included in estim ates of the volume of in ju r ie s . R ates designated as having been compiled by th e Bureau o f Mines, U. S. Department of the I n te r io r , i n cluded the experience of workers engaged in p roduction , development, maintenance and re p a ir work, and superv isory and te ch n ica l personnel a t the opera tion , b u t exclude o ff ic e personnel and employees in s to re s or a f i l i a t e d o p era tio n s not d i r e c t ly connected w ith mining o r re f in in g o p e ra tio n s. Working p ro p r ie to rs were in c lu d ed . Mining d a ta include Alaska as w ell as the S ta te s .

In d u s try C la s s if ic a t io n s . The m anufacturing c la s s i f ic a t io n s used in t h i s re p o rt conform to the d e f in i t io n s provided in the 19U5 e d itio n o f th e Standard In d u s tr ia l C la s s if ic a tio n Manual (Vol. I ) , p repared by th e D iv ision o f S t a t i s t i c a l Standards of the U nited S ta te s Bureau of the Budget.

Nonmanufact Tiring c la s s i f ic a t io n s , except those used fo r co n stru c tio n o p era tio n s, a re based upon th e 19U2 e d itio n of the manual (Vol. I I ) . The Cons tru c tio n c la s s i f ic a t io n s fo llow the d e f in it io n s of th e I 9J4.9 e d it io n of Volume I I .

Tables

Table A; In ju ry -frequency and se v e rity r a te s , average tim e charges p e r c ase ," mad the d i s a b i l i ty d is t r ib u t io n fo r in d iv id u a l in d u s tr ie s and fo r in dustry groups fo r 1952 are shown in -this ta b le . In ju ry -freq u en cy ra te s fo r 1951 a re a lso shown fo r purposes of comparison.


1 6

Table B: In ju ry -freq u en cy r a te s fo r se le c ted m anufacturing in d u s tr ie s fo r l9i>2 by month are p resen ted in t h i s ta b le . These r a te s were based upon q u a rte r ly re p o r ts rece ived from approxim ately 12,600 rep o rtin g u n i ts , which employed about a th i r d of a l l workers engaged in m anufacturing. I n those in d u s tr ie s fo r which the 12-month average derived from the q u a r te r ly re p o r ts d if fe re d from the f in a l annual average based on more comprehensive coverage, the monthly r a te s were ad ju sted to th e le v e l of the f in a l annual r a t e . The month-to -month o r seasonal f lu c tu a tio n s and the tren d of in ju ry -freq u en cy ra te s during th e y ear fo r each of the se le c ted in d u s tr ie s and f o r a ll-m anufactu ring combined are shown in the ta b le .

Table C: V aria tio n s in in ju ry -freq u en cy r a te by s iz e of re p o rtin g u n i t fo r s e le c te d m anufacturing in d u s tr ie s in 195>2 a re p resen ted in th i s ta b le . Because o f the n a tu re of th e ta b u la te d d a ta , th e " s ize o f re p o rtin g u n i t r a th e r than s iz e of estab lishm ent" o r " s iz e o f company" was used as th e b a s is o f c la s s i f ic a t io n . Thus, each sep a ra te ly rep o rted estab lishm ent of a m u ltiu n it concern 'liras c la s s i f ie d on th e b a s is of i t s re sp ec tiv e employment; re p o rts i n which d a ta fo r severa l separa te estab lishm ents were co n so lid a ted came w ith in a la rg e r s iz e group than i f each p la n t were rep o rted se p a ra te ly . There may be some question as to whether s ize of estab lishm ent or o v e ra ll s iz e of company i s the more im portan t fa c to r in flu en c in g in ju ry -freq u en cy r a te s .I t i s g en e ra lly assumed th a t the l a r g e r o rg an iza tio n s a re b e t t e r equipped to promote s a fe ty programs and to reduce work in ju r ie s ; th e re fo re , low er in ju r y r a te s are expected to p re v a il among th e la rg e r concerns. The advantages of la rg e -s c a le o p era tions may n o t accrue as d i r e c t ly to sm all estab lishm ents o f la rg e m ulti-unit companies as to la rg e s in g le p la n ts o r to la rg e p la n ts of m u ltiu n it concerns. T herefore , somewhat h ig h er in ju ry r a te s may be expected among/small p la n ts g e n e ra lly (even though they may be u n i ts of la rg e concerns) than among la rg e p la n ts . The p re sen t ta b u la tio n , based on s iz e -o f -re p o r tin g - u n i t r a th e r th an on s ize -o f-e s tab lish m en t, p rovides th e b e s t measure o f s iz e d i f f e r e n t ia l s in in ju ry ra te s a v a ilab le from c u rre n t d a ta .

Table Dj The percentage d is tr ib u tio n s o f p e rm anen t-partia l d i s a b i l i t i e s according to the p a r t of body a ffe c te d are diown in in d u s try d e ta i l in t h i s ta b le . This ta b u la tio n serves, i n p a r t , to ex p la in the v a r ia tio n s in average days charged p er case among the v a rio u s in d u s t r ie s . I n in te rp re t in g th e ta b le , i t should be borne in mind th a t th e tim e charges fo r permanent in ju r ie s to th e d if f e r e n t p a r ts of the body b ear approxim ately the fo llow ing re la tio n s h ip to each o thers

1 f in g e r (no t t h u m b ) , , , , , , , , 300 days1 t h u m b , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , . , . , , 600 days1 to e (no t g re a t t o e ) , , , , , , , 150 days1 g re a t t o e , , , ............................ 300 days1 h a n d , 3, 000 days1 f o o t , , . . ......... 2,1)00 days1 arm, above e l b o w . , , , . . , , . , I|,500 days1 arm, below e l b o w . . . . 3, 600 days 1 le g , above k n e e . , . . . . , . . . , b.,S00 days1 le g , below k n e e . . , . , , , . . . . 3,000 days1 e y e . . . . . . . , , , . , . , . . . . , . . . , 1,800 days


1 7

Table E: Changes in employment, hours worked, d isab lin g in ju r ie s , and days l o s t fo r estab lishm en ts which rep o rte d fo r both 1951 and 1952 a re shown in th i s ta b le . This ta b le i s designed to measure the s a fe ty accomplishments of estab lishm ents perform ing s u b s ta n tia l ly id e n tic a l o p era tions over th e 2-year period , by e lim in a tin g th e e f f e c t o f changes in th e composition of each in d u s try . I t does n o t in d ic a te th e general in ju r y experience of p a r t i c u la r in d u s tr ie s , which may be a ffe c te d by the p rev a ilin g hazards and by changes in th e com position of th e in d u s try .


Tabl A.Injury rates by industry, 1952 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1951) j/

In d u stryNumber of rep o rtin g

u n its

Number of employees reported

In jury-frequency ra te s In ju ry -

se v e rity ra te s 2 /

Average days lo s t or charged per case 2 /

Percent of d isa b lin g re su lt in g in

in ju r ie s 2 / ... .

C urrentyear

( 1952)

Previ ous year

U951)

Allcases

Permanent-p a r t i a l

d is a b i l i ty

Temporary-to t a l

d i s a b i l i ty

Death and permanent-

to t a ld i s a b i l i ty

Permanent- p a r t ia l

d isa b i l i t y

Temporary-to ta l

d i s abi l i ty

M A N U FA C T U R IN G

W .997 9,719,562 3/ 14.3 1 /1 5 .5 y 1 .3 85 909 17 0*3 5.1+ 94.3

6,218 661;, 623 3/20.2 3/20.1 3 / 1.5 68 1,081 15 3 1+.7 95.0

Meat p r o d u c t s * . . . . . . ........................*......................... 71*5 11*1,970 21.2 21.8 1.7 1+5 983 12 .1 2 .8 97.1Dairy p roducts............... .. 517 30,119 17*0 19.1 .8 1+7 681 15 3 2.1+ 97.3Canning and p re se rv in g . . 1,750 129,967 25 .1* 25*6 1.3 56 967 15 .2 3.1 96*7G rain -m ill p roducts............... ............................. .... 65I+ 58,226 19*1 19*2 1.6 70 1,103 H+ 5 2*5 97.0Bakery p ro d u c ts.............................. .................. 813 86,365 16.0 15.7 1.3 79 1,117 17 .2 1+.1+ 95.1+

103 26,L;93 26*7 26*9 2.6 89 1,01+3 17 5 3.9 95.6Cane sugar**......... . . . . . . . . . . . .......................* 27 16,1+81 19 .1* 19.3 2.6 121+ l,H+9 23 3 7 .1 92.6Beet sugar***********.*................................ 76 10,012 1*0.7 ho.2 2.5 62 610 13 .7 1.3 98.0

Confectionery and re la te d p roducts 281 l46,U36 13.5 11+.3 .8 61 728 17 .2 1+.1+ 95. kBeverage .......................................................................... .. 9U* 106,362 21+.6 26.1+ 2.0 109 1,313 16 .3 5.7 91+.0

B o ttled s o f t d r in k s 1*70 15,013 30.0 32.9 1.1+ 14+ 1,277 9 .2 2.0 97.8Malt and m alt liq u o rs* ............. 236 69,536 21*9 21+.5 3.1 133 1,351+ 18 1+ 6 .9 92*7Wines.............................................................................. 97 3,681+ 2 5.1 26.1 w W (1+/) U/) 0+/) (1+/) Ck/)D is t i l le d l iq u o rs ................. i l l 18,129 8.5 8.2 W ) (V ) W ) (k /) U+/) W )M iscellaneous food products****.************* l+l+l 38,685 15.8 17*8 1.1 53 1,500 11+ .3 l.i+ 9*8.3

l)|6 1+1,620 7.3 6.6 .5 72 836 13 5 3.6 95.9

2,613 681+,1+52 3/ 10.3 1 /1 1 .2 3 / .8 75 91+6 19 .2 1+.7 95.1

Cotton yarn and t e x t i l e s * *.......................... 3k7 258,739 8.9 9 .9 .7 71 951+ 19 .2 1+.6 95.2Rayon, o ther sy n th e tic , and s i lk t e x t i l e s . 211 71,778 8*2 9.0 6 66 1,155 20 .1 3.5 96.1+

328 86,801+ 16*9 16.9 1.2 57 801 20 .2 2.9 96.9786 123,279 5.8 5 .9 .1 25 122 13 1 .7 98.3

Dyeing and f in ish in g t e x t i l e s ........... 281+ 5i+,083 15.0 16 .I+ 1.6 102 1,031 21 .3 6.0 93.7C arpets, rugs, and other f lo o r coverings 90 1+7,230 12*7 12.7 1.7 131+ 860 19 .1+ 10.5 89.1Hats (except c lo th and m il l in e ry ) * 68 9,515 16 .1+ 20.3 .5 33 1,325 13 1.5 98.5Cordage and tw ine*........... * . 57 7,21+5 19.7 21.5 .8 1+1 518 15 5.1 91+.9M iscellaneous t e x t i l e goods*****......... * 178 25,779 17.3 17.3 2 .1 105 1,381+ 20 .1+ 1+.6 95.0

Apparel and o th er f in ish e d t e x t i l e p roducts** .. 3,889 31+0.0l+6 3 / 7 .8 3/ 6 .9 3 / A 51 1,11+2 13 .1 2.7 97.2

C lo th ing , men's and boys' ................... *.................. 968 11+1+, 501 7 .8 6 .9 .3 38 1,112 H+ .1 1.1+ 98.5C loth ing, womens and c h i ld r e n 's * ............. 1,969 136,772 6.1+ 1+.9 J+- 6? 1,297 13 .1 3.3 96.6

95 l+,580 11.0 ik /) 04/ ) W ) (k /) (k /J16

(k /) (V) (h/>Fur goods and m iscellaneous ap p are l* * * * .* ...* 282 18,211+ 8.0 "8.6 5 57 858 I+.8 95.2M iscellaneous fa b ric a te d t e x t i l e p roducts* .* . 575 35,979 13*6 12.1 .6 1+5 1,022 12 3.3 96.7

Lumber and wood products (except f u rn i tu r e ).* *. 3,080 223,301 3A 9.6 1 / 52.8 y 1+.6 88 1,001+ 16 5 1+.3 95.2

L o g g in g * ..................................... ................................... 306 23, ll+2 92.1 98.9 1 1 .7 123 1,313 20 1.0 3.5 95.5Sawmills and planing m ills Jjj/. * . 1,285 88,161+ 1+8.9 52.1 1+.1 81+ 1,122 16 5 3*6 95*9

175 10,708 38*1+ 1*8.1 2.5 68 773 H .2 5 A 94*412k 29,630 55*3 60.2 1+.3 77 1,200 H 1+ 3.1 96.5

Sawmills and p lan ing m i l l s , in te g r a te d .* 30652 E :i d * y # Q # & &

See footnotes, p. 25.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Table A .In ju ry ra te s by in d u s try , 1952 (w ith camparabL

Ind u stryNumber of repo rting

u n its


I n ju ry -f re quency ra te s

C urrentyear

0 9 5 2 )

Previousyear

( 1951)

MANTJFAC TURINGC ontinued

Lumber and wood products (except furniture)-C on.

Millwork and re la te d p roducts 628 52,375 27.3 29.0Millwork and s t ru c tu r a l wood p ro d u c ts .......... 535 32,937 25.8 28.0

93 I9.lt.36 31.3 31*2Wooden co n ta in e.... .................... .................... .............. 1+28 32, >7 31+.J+ 38.1+M iscellaneous wood p ro d u c ts ................................... U33 27,155 3I+.1 33.2

F urn itu re and f ix tu re s j ? / . ..................... .................... l , i466 170, 10a 3/21.2 V 22.0

Household f u r n i t u r e . . . . ...................................... .. 1,075 118.1,32 20.6 22.3Household fu rn i tu re , non$tetal............. .............. 766 82,057 20.6 22.3Metal household f u rn i tu r e ............... ........... 51+ 13,635 22.2 21+.9M attresses and bedsp rings ........... . . 255 22, 71,0 19.6 19.9

60 17,561 18.9 21.1;Wood o ff ic e f u r n i tu r e . ....................... . . 19 2,31,0 27.6 28.6Metal o ff ic e f u r n i t u r e . . . . . ............................... 1+1 15,221 15.2 19.0

P u b lic -b u ild in g and p ro fess io n a l f u r n i tu r e . . . I46 8,885 22.9 19.5P a r t it io n s and f i x t u r e s . . ................................ 182 16,335 20.2 22.8Screens, shades, and b linds 96 8,579 23.7 15.1

Paper and a l l ie d p roducts............................................ 1,652 31+5.732 3/15.3 J5/16.0

Pulp, paper, and paperboard m ills ...................... 1+79 209,1+97 li+.i+ 15.875 7,1+90 12.6 16.3

Paperboard con ta in ers and b o x e s . . . . . . . ............. 782 80,506 17.0 18.1M iscellaneous paper and a l l ie d p r o d u c t s . . . . . . 516 1+8,239 U+.8 13.7

P r in tin g , pub lish in g , and a l l ie d i n d u s t r i e s . . . . 3,192 3H+.322 3/9.1+ i / 9 .1Newspapers and p e r io d ic a ls . ............. ...................... 1,022 153,081+ 9.2 9 .1Bookbinding and re la te d p ro d u c ts .. . . . . . . . . . . . 155 13,1*32 12.8 10.0M iscellaneous p r in tin g and pu b lish in g ............... 2,015 11+7,806 9.1 9.1

Chemicals and a l l ie d p r o d u c t s . . . . ..................... .. 2,229 1+7+6,885 3/10*1 3/11.5

In d u s tr ia l inorganic c h e m i c a l s . . . . . . . . . . ......... 152 62,81 8.0 9.5In d u s tr ia l organic c h e m i c a l s . . . . . . . . . . ............. 293 166,975 1+.7 5.1

P la s t ic s , except sy n th e tic r u b b e r .. ............... 55 31+.718 5.U 6.6S ynthetic ru b b e r ............ .. 20 9,250 3.3 2.3Synthetic f i b e r s . . . . . ................. ........................ .. 21 1+6,151+ 1.6 1*7Explosives ............. ............................ 1+2 20,215 3.U 3.1+M iscellaneous in d u s tr ia l organic chem icals. 155 56,638 7.0 7.7

Drugs and m edicines........................................ .. 250 71+.578 8.7 9.2Soap and re la te d p r o d u c t s . . . . ............................... 219 28,879 9.1+ 8*3P a in ts , pigm ents, and re la te d p roducts............. 365 1+3,399 11*7 12*5F e r t i l i z e r s ....................................................... .............. 396 21+.1+31 19.8 22.1;V egetable and animal o i ls and f a t s . ................... 187 13,1+55 22.5 23*8Compressed and liq u e f ie d g a s e s ............................ 65 7,853 11.8 ll+.OM iscellaneous chemicals and a l l ie d p ro d u c ts .. 502 21+.1+73 17.9 20.7

See footnotes, p. 25*


e in ju ry-frequency ra te s fo r 1951) _l/-Continued

In ju ry - se v e rity ra te s 2 /

Average days lo s t or charged per case 2/

Percent of d isab ling in ju r ie s re su ltin g in 2/

AllCases

Permanent- p a r t ia l

d isa b i l i t y

Temporary-to ta l

d i s a b i l i ty


to ta ldi s abi l i ty

Permanent-p a r t ia l

d is a b il i ty

Temporary-to ta l

d is a b il i ty

2.0 69 708 13 0 .2 6.7 93.12.0 70 603 13 .2 7.1+ 92.1+2 .1 67 1,066 15 5.0 95.02.5 7i+ 716 11+ .2 7.0 92.82 .1+ 62 891 16 .1 1+.6 95.3

5 /1 .7 81+ s ik 11+ .2 7.1 92.71 .8 88 QI42 13 .2 7.2 92.61.9 91 871 13 .2 7.3 92.52.3 122 768 11+ 5 10.5 89.01.0 i a 705 13 l+.l 95.9

80(U/)

707(V )

16( V '

.2(b /) $

92.3Cbf)

1.1+ 87 08I+ 15 3 8.1+ 91.3.9 39 h !9 13 5.6 91+.I+

2 .2ih /) $

l,0l+5a / ) (j+/)

9.7(j/)

90.3U/)

3 /1 .7 81+ 1,028 18 .2 5.2 91+.6

2.2 122 1,258 22 1+ 5.9 93.7Uj/) (1+/) (V ) (Jj/) (b /) (V ) (!/)1.0 51+ 701 15 .1 5 .3 95.61.5 83 1,161+ 15 .1 5.5 91+.1+

3 /.5 1+9 785 15 .1 3.1+ 96.5.1+ 1+5 781+ 15 .2 2.3 97.5 5 37 1+73 11+ 5.1 91+.95 55 827 11+ .1 1+.1+ 95.5

3 /1 .1 99 1,063 17 .8 3.5 95.7l . l 95 1.530 19 .6 2.8 96.6

.6 130 1,011+ 21 1.0 5.1 93.9Q )(Jd/) W ) UvO (k /) (JV) c y ;

(V ) W ) (V )(V ) f / ) (V )

E / ) W )W )

(V ) .6

w )63

ffi/)656 ~19

ffi/).3 1 2

W )95.3

1+ 50 1,11+3 15 3.0 97.0.8 63 786 13 6.5 93.5

1.1 72 1 , 091+ 13 .3 3.7 96.03.2 151 81+1 21 1 .7 3.1+ 91+.91+.5 196 1,680 19 2.0 3.1+ 91+.6

(b /) (V ) ( V i (V ) (b /) ( y ; (b/)1.0 51+ 1,190 H+ 3 1.7 98.0


Table A .In ju r y r a te s by in d u s try , 1952 (w ith com parable in ju :

IndustryNumber of repo rting

u n its


In ju ry - fre quenc y ra te s

C urrentyear

( 1952)

Previousyear

( 1951J

MANUFAC TURING C ontinued

Products of petroleum and c o a l . . . ........... ............ (h /) 225,776 3/8*7 3/8 .7 159,660 7 .9 7 .4 25, 21+1 8.8 11.1 3,322 30.5 38.8 21,919 7.3 8.5

86 13 #1+3 3 13.1 14.0Mi se e l lan eous products of petroleum and coal* 56 2,141 18*3 ( /)

301 169,1+95 3/8 .6 3/ 9.7

Tires and inner tubes* ................. *........................... 36 65,994 5.6 6 .1Rubbe r footwe ................................................................. 15 25,869 3.8 4 .9

250 77,632 12.8 14.1

Leather and le a th e r p roducts ........................ 1,039 199,656 3/12.6 3/12.8

152 25,010 26.0 25.4Boot and shoe cu t stock and f in d in g s ............. . 91 . 4,635 23.1 21.7

U-77 44 ,1 5 6 9.3 9.5M iscellaneous le a th e r p ro d u c ts . * ......... .... 319 25,855 12.7 12.7

Stone, c lay , and g lass p ro d u c ts................... *.......... 1,651 281,294 2 / 19.3 3/21.6

Glass and g lass p rod u c ts 255 104,314 11.0 13 .1Cement, hydrau lic 6 /* .* ............... ............................. 24,325 6 .0 6 .4

51+0 56,856 35.3 39.8P o tte ry and r e la te d p ro d u c ts ......... ............ 141 32,932 15-7 17.0C oncrete, gypsum, and m ineral w ool* .. . . . . . . . . 379 16,700 25.4 27.0Lime 6 / . . . . ......... * * .............. 6,395 24.0 21+.7Cut-stone and stone p r o d u c ts * .* .. .* * ..* ........... 121 5,790 32.8 40.1M iscellaneous nonm etallic m ineral p ro d u c ts . . . 215- 33,982 17.1 20.2

Primary m etal in d u s tr ie s 5 / * . * . . .............................. 1,958 943,066 3/15.5 3 /16 .9

B las t furnaces and s te e l m i l l s * . ......... ................ 211 557,159 6.5 6 .4Iro n and s te e l foundrie........... 819 190,510 30.5 36.8

G ray-iron and m alleab le foundrie..................... 682 123,879 33.0 38.3S tee l fo u n d rie s ........... .......... ............ 137 66,631 24.7 3 !.5

Honferrous secondary sm elting and r e f in in g * . 31 3,080 32.9 W )Nonferrous r o l l in g , drawing, and alloying**** 88 48,173 13.7 15.0

432 43,980 23.5 2I+.0M iscellaneous primary m etal in d u s tr ie s 377 100,164 16.8 I 8.3

Iro n and s te e l fo rc in g s .............................. .. 156 14,977 21+.8 25.1Wire d r a w in g . . . . ....................................................... 45 19,670 11.7 12.0Welded and heavy-rive ted pipe**....................... i|2 16,035 14 .1 18.1C old-fin ished s t e e l . . I46 13,552 11.6 19.1Primary m etal in d u s tr ie s , no t elsewhere

c la s s i f ie d . * *................... ............................. 88 5,930 30.7 31+.8

See footnotes, p .25 .Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

ry -freq u en cy r a te s fo r 1951) JL/C ontinued



Percent of d isa b lin g in ju rie s r e su ltin g in 2/

Allcases


d is a b il i ty

Temporary-to ta l

d isa b ility


t o ta ldi s abi l i ty


d is a b i l i ty

Temporary-to ta l

d isabi l i t y

y i . s 140 656 24 1.5 3.9 94.6

1 .1 141 534 25 1.7 3 .4 94.9

nW )

S 3(V ) g !

7 /1 .4 (4 /j (4 /)W )

2.5 147 1,090 13 .9 7.6 91.5(b /) (V ) (V ) (4/5 (b /) (4 /) (V )

y i . i 107 978 17 .6 6.0 93.4

.9 105 1,150 22 _ 7*3 92.7 1

Uj/ J102

(V ) 558

( i / )14

(4 /).8

(b /)5.1

(4 /)94.1

y - s 46 743 13 .2 3.2 96.6

1.6(V )

61(i/)

1,159(4 /) a /

2 .4 97.3(4 /)

.2 26 4+8 13 2 .9 97.17 58 722 11 2 5.0 94.8

y i . 9 84 1,133 17 4 3.8 95.8

1.2 121 1,345(V )

20 .1 7 .1 92.8(V ) (b /) (V ) 7 /+ .4 (4 /) W l2.5 62 1,092 15 5 1 .9 97.6l . l 68 396 14 .8 2 .2 97.03.6 139 1,619 23 .6 4 .9 94.5

(4 /)2 .4

(4 /)75

(4 /)759

(V )15

(4 /)3.3

(V )96.1

1.3 73 666 16 4 5.5 9 4 .i

3 /1 .8 121 949 22 .8 5.8 93.4

1.4 215 995 35 1.6 9.0 89.42 .4 74 939 16 .5 2 .8 96.72.52.3

66 964 13 .5 2.7 96.898

(4 /)2ZJ4

868 25

% >

.8 3.2 96.0(4 /)5.2

(4 /)"599

14/)9.8

(4 /)89.8

1.8 78 875 13 3 5.3 94.41.8 69 837 16 2 5.1 94.71.8 59 764 16 .2 4 .6 95*22 .4 14+ 1.479 14 .4 7.2 92.41.4 80 662 14 5 5 .9 93.6

(V ) (V ) (V ) (4 /) ( y ) (4 /) (4 /)

2.0 60 753 12 6.5 93.5


Table A .In ju ry r a te s by in d u s try , 1952 (w ith comparable in ju r y -

IndustryNumber of repo rting

un its

Number of employees repo rted

In jury-frequency ra te s

C urrentyear

U952)

Previousyear

U 95D

MANTJF/.C TURI NG~Continued

3,826 688,1+5+ 3/18.1 i / 19.5

Tin cans and o ther tinw are* * 88 +5,606 11.2 12.0C u tlery , hand too ls, and hardw are*.............. 502 109,366 13.9 15.7

i ia 21,31+ 15*6 21.2H andtools, f i l e s , and saws................................ 178 6,812 18.1+ 20.1Hardware ......................................................................... 183 6 1 , 2+0 10.8 11.6

Heating and plumbing equipment............................... 1+06 112,062 19.3 21.6S an ita ry w are and plumbers* su p p lie s 123 +2,139 H+.8 19.0O il burners , heating and cooking apparatus 283 69,923 21.0 22*7

F abrica ted s t ru c tu r a l m etal products 1,110 1+1,982 25*6 26*3S tru c tu ra l s te e l and ornamental metalwork 520 69,186 23.6 21+.1Metal doors, sash , frame, and trim * ......... 103 12,838 23.8 27.8B oiler-shop p roducts* ............. .................. .. 268 +2.53+ 27.2 26.6

219 17.+2+ 27*6 29*1Metal stamping, co a tin g , and engraving jj/*** 765 118,328 17.1 19.0

28 + ,83+ 15.8 22.6Stamped and pressed m etal products******** 510 101,657 13.8 16.6Metal coating and engraving***************** 219 11,+07 29.5 27.5

F abrica ted wire p roducts* ................. .. 251 39.73+ 17.1 18.1+M iscellaneous fa b ric a te d m etal products* 70k 121,356 ll+.O 11+.9

Metal b a r re ls , drums, kegs, and pails******* 37 10,085 13.9 15.1S tee l sp rin g s* ........................ .............. 29 8,618 20.8 23.3B o lts , n u ts , w ashers, and r i v e t s 107 26,176 li+.5 15.6Screw-machine p ro d u c ts * . ................................. 280 29,615 15.2 15.9F abrica ted m etal p roducts, no t elsewhere

c la s s i f i e d * . 251 +6,862 12.0 13.0

Machinery (except e l e c t r i c a l ) . * i+,016 1,223,018 3/li+.2 3/15.2+Engines and turbines**************** 66 71,+++ 10.0 11.3A g ric u ltu ra l machinery and tractors*********** 221 15+.701 12.8 15.2C onstruction and mining m a c h i n e r y * . 296 105,9+1 22.0 23*8Metalworking machinery* ................. 1,002 198,+32 13.8 11+.0S p ec ia l- in d u stry m achinery 682 126,012 17.1 18.0

Food-products m achinery* * 15U 21,5+6 17.9 17*6T ex tile machinery*................. ............ 131 3+.+81 13.0, 13.3M iscellaneous sp e c ia l- in d u s try machinery. 397 69,985 18.6 20*5

General in d u s tr ia l machinery*.* ......... 636 170,701 16.0 18.0Pumps and com pressors ........... 130 +2.+78 17.6 18.1+E le v a to rs , e s c a la to rs , and conveyors* 87 23,199 16.3 19.3Mechanical pow er-transm ission equipment

(except b a ll and r o l le r b earings)* ............. 119 38,986 13.2 16.0M iscellaneous general in d u s tr ia l machinery** 300 66,038 16.8 18*5

Commercial and household m achinery*. 3UQ 2+6,+91 8*6 9.3M iscellaneous machinery p a r t s . . . . . . . .................t 765 1+9,296 15*8 16*9

Valves and f i t t i n g s * . ................... *.................... .. 110 32,1+1 17*2 19.2F abrica ted pipe and f i t t i n g s ...........*................ * 1+7 6,6+0 19.5 15*8B all and r o l le r bearin g s* ......................... .. 66 6+,+55 11.8 12.2Machine shops, genera l* ................. 51+2 +6,060 17.0 18*5

See fo o tn o te s , p, 25*


frequency r a te s f o r 1951) l/- -C o n tin u ed .



Percen t of d isab ling in ju r ie s re su ltin g in 2 /

Allcases

Permanent- p a r t i a l

d isab i l i t y

Temporary-to ta l

d isa b i l i t y


to ta ld isab i l i t y

Pe rmanent- p a r t ia l

d isab i l i t y

Temporary-to ta l

d is a b il i ty

3 /1 .k 79 848 15 0 .2 6 .1 93.7

.7 57 619 19 6 .4 93.61.0 72 643 16 .1 7.4 92.5

.9 53 662 17 5.7 94.31.3 67 776 14 .2 5.8 94.0

.8 87 577 18 .2 9.8 90.02.1 97 1,068 15 .4 5.7 93.91.4 75 1,000 17 3 4.1 95.62.3 107 1,086 14 .4 6.3 93.31.9 73 959 14 3 4.1 95.62.1 89 1,121+ 15 5 4 .2 95.31.8 67 731 12 7.5 92.51.8 63 848 15 .4 3.2 96.41.8 52 915 10 .2 3.6 96.2

&85

(V )775(4 /;

15,U+/).1

(4 /)8.4

(k /)91.5(k/)

1.3 99 757 16 ~ . i 10.7 89.21.2 37 908 12 2.8 97.2

.9 57 973 15 4*4 95.61.3 85 832 14 .1 7.7 92.21.2 56 738 10 6.3 93.71.6 76 1,125 15 5.4 94.6

.9 67 639 15 .3 5.4 94.3(4 /) (V ) 0 / ) (4 /) W ) (V ) (k /)

.9 74 713 15 .2 6.5 93.3

3/1 .1 73 814 15 .2 5.8 94.01.0 99 938 17 3 6.9 92.81.5 82 847 13 .2 6.6 93.22.0 74 899 12 .2 5.8 94.01.0 71 705 15 .4 4*6 95.01.2 6o 757 15 .1 5.2 94.71.1 144 626 13 5.0 95.0

.8 47 943 18 3.1 96.91 -4 69 746 14 .2 6.1 93.71.5 91 1,013 15 2 6.3 93.52.7 129 1,241 12 .2 8.5 91.31.1 57 835 12 .4 2.6 97.0

.6 47 600 18 _ 5.0 95.01.6 89 903 17 .2 6.5 93.3

.7 84 696 18 .1 8.8 91.1.9 48 650 14 .2 3.6 96.21.0 54 758 15 .2 3.7 96.11.6 72 919 11 .5 3.7 95.84 36 552 15 3.9 96.1

1.0 53 639 12 1 .4 3.3 96.3


Table A * --In ju ry r a te s by in d u s try , 1952 (w ith com parable in ju r

I n d u s t r y

N u m b e r o f

r e p o r t i n g u n i t s

N u m b e r o f

e m p l o y e e s r e p o r t e d

I n j u r y - f r e q u e n c y

r a t e s

C u r r e n ty e a r

( 1952)

P r e v i o u sy e a r

( 1951)

H ANUFAC T U R IN G C o n t i n u e d

l,2ip9 761,349 3 /7 .0 i / 7 .5

555 285,804 8.1 8*483 39,286 7.3 7.5

I n s u l a t e d w i r e a n d c a b l e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 18,460 16.2 16.3E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t f o r v e h i c l e s . ..................................... 55 52,684 4 .7 7.0

32 20,332 3.9 4 . i355 311,815 5.6 5.9

R a d i o s a n d r e l a t e d o r o d u c t s . ........................ .......................... 270 192,076 6 .5 6.526 38,460 4 .5 4 .1

M i s c e l l a n e o u s c a n m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t . . . . . . 59 81,279 3.2 4.2M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . .............. ... 115 34.968 10.9 1 1 .7

60 23,817 12.0 14.2E l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s , n o t e l s e w h e r e c l a s s i f i e d . 55 11,151 8.4 6 .8

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t . . . ............................................................. 1,095 1,494,785 3 /7 .5 3 /8 .4

M o t o r v e h i c l e s a n d e q u i p m e n t .................................. ...................... 512 729,391 6 .4 7.4M o t o r v e h i c l e s , b o d i e s , a n d t r a i l e r s . ..................... 258 436,506 5.2 6.3M o t o r - v e h i c l e p a r t s a n d a c c e s s o r i e s . ........................ 254 292,885 8.4 9 .2

A i r c r a f t a n d p a r t s . ..................................... ................... ................ 176 558,500 4.8 5.331 351,025 3.7 4 .5

A i r c r a f t p a r t s ............... ................... ... 145 207,475 6 .7 7.1S h i p a n d b o a t b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g . . . . . . . . . . 303 116,192 23.8 24.6

S h i p b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g . .................................................. 156 108,634 2 1.4 22.5B o a t b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g * ........................... 147 7,558 40.0 39.2

R a i l r o a d e q u i p m e n t . ...................................................................... 81 81,376 9 .1 12.0M i s c e l l a n e o u s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t . . . . . . . . 23 9,326 16.5 18.2

I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s . . . . ...................................... 588 226,990 3/ 7.3 3 / 7 .4

S c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s . ..................... .......................... ......................... 60 35,833 5.2 6.1M e c h a n i c a l m e a s u r i n g a n d c o n t r o l l i n g

i n s t r u m e n t s ................. ................... ................... ... 121 54,774 7.3 8 .432 11,830 8.0 6 .4

M e d i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s a n d s u p p l i e s . . .................. 154 29,313 10.0 10.8O p h t h a l m i c g o o d s . ................... 91 10,810 6 .0 4 .7P h o t o g r a p h i c e q u i p m e n t a n d s u p p l i e s ............................ 75 53,994 7.7 6 .1W a t c h e s a n d c l o c k s . . . . . ............................... ............................. ... 55 30,436 7.5 7.0

M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . . . . . . . . . . 1,567 179,876 3/13.4 3/13.8

J e w e l r y , s i l v e r w a r e , a n d p l a t e d w a r e . . . . .................. 160 21,533 6 .9 8.6F a b r i c a t e d p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ... 225 31,154 16 .1 16.4

92 8,892 16.0 17.3109 8,287 19.4 26.2

M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g . ...................................................... ... 981 110,010 13.3 12.9

76 94,734 6 .4 6.0

See footnotes, p. 2 5 .Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

y -frequency r a te s fo r 1951) 1/ C ontinued

- I n j u r y - s e v e r i t y

r a t e s 2 /

A v e r a g e d a y s l o s t o r , c h a r g e d p e r c a s e 2 /

P e r c e n t o f d i s a b l i n g i n j u r i e s r e s u l t i n g i n 2 /

A l l

c a s e s

P e r m a n e n t -p a r t i a l

d i s a b i l i t y

T e m p o r a r y -t o t a l

d i s a b i l i t y

D e a t h a n d

p e r m a n e n