bls_1137_1953.pdf

WORK INJURIES

in the United States

During 1951

A COLLECTION OFBASIC WORK-INJURY DATAFOR EACH OF THE MAJOR INDUSTRIESIN THE UNITED STATES

Bulletin No. 113 7

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Martin P Durkin, Secretary

B U R EA U O F L A B O R STATISTICS Ewan C lasu t, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

WORK INJURIES

in the United States

During 1951

A Collection ofBasic Work - Injury Datafor Each of the Major Industriesin the United States

Est im ates of D isab l ing W o r k In jur ies In ju ry - F re q u e n c y Rates In ju ry - S e v e r i ty M e a su re s C h a n g e s in In ju r ie s and In jury Rates

Bulletin No. 1137

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Martin R Durkin, Secretary

B U REA U O F L A B O R STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D .C - Price 25 cents


Letter of TransmittalUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,BUREAU OF LABCR STATISTICS, Washington, P. C., June 9, 1953.

The Secretary of Labor:I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on the occurrence of work injuries in the United States during 1951. Over 68,000 establishments with a total employment of about 12 million workers participated in the survey on which the report is based.This bulletin, parts of which have appeared in the March 1952 and November 1952 issues of the Monthly Labor Review, was prepared by Frank S. McElroy and Robert S. Barker, of the Bureau*s Branch of Industrial Hazards.

Ewan Clague, Commissioner.

Hon. Martin P. Durkin,Secretary of Labor.

i i i


ContentsPage

Summary............................ 1Estimates of disabling work injuri.es,................................. .......................... 1Injury-frequency rates..... .............. ........................ h

Manufacturing. ...... ............. ......... .................... UNonmanufacturing............. 9Mining and quarrying..................... 10Injury severity................................. . . . . . .......... . . . . . . * . ................ 10Manufacturing................................. 10Nonmanufacturing. ......................................................................... 13Mining and quarrying............................... ....................................... . IllTable;Estimated number of disabling work injuries during 1951, byindustry division...................... .................................................. . 3

AppendixTechnical n o t e s . ........... ................... 15Definitions........... .................... 15Survey methods................................... 15Weighting............ 16Workers covered........................... 16Industry classifications.. . . . ............ 16Tables........... ............. .................... ......................................................... 16A. Injury rates by industry. 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) . . . . . . .................................................... 19B. Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for

51,905 identical reporting units, 1950-51 . . . . . ............... ........... 27C. ~Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent-partial disability, by part of body affected, and by industry,1951........................................................................................................ 32D. Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries,by month and quarter, 1951. . .......... 3I4.E. Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries,by size of reporting unit, 1951. . . ........... .* . 38Charts

1 . Injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 1938-51 (an n u a lly )........ 52. Injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 191+9-51 (monthly)............ 53. Injury-frequency rates and severity averages, major manufacturinggroups, 1951.................................. 11

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Work Injuries in the United States During 1951

SummarySlightly higher employment and increased injury-frequency rates in many

industries resulted in an increase of approximately 9 percent in the volume of disabling work injuries in 1951 compared with 1950 1 /. The estimate of2.121 .000 injuries in 1951 represented the highest volume recorded since 19UU. Approximately 16,000 workers died as a result of on-the-job injuries during 1951* Total production losses accruing from these 2,121,000 injuries will ultimately amount to the equivalent of a year* s full-time employment of over730.000 workers.

Injury-frequency rates in manufacturing and in most nonmanufacturing in dustries increased slightly in 1951 over 1950. The average for manufacturing increased 5 percent from lU.7 to 15*5 injuries per million man-hours. Monthly rates, however, showed a downward trend during the la st 5 months of 1951, so that the December figure (12.9) was 7 percent below 1950 and only U percent above 19U9. Although construction and mining showed decreases of U and 2 percent respectively in average injury-frequency rates, most other nonmanufacturing industries recorded slight increases.There was little change in the severity of work injuries in 1951. A

slight decrease in the average days lost or charged per case in manufacturing was offset by the increase in frequency rate, resulting in an increase in the severity rate from 1.2 to 1.3 . In nonmanufacturing there were about as many increases as decreases in severity averages and in severity rates. Fatalities in mining, however, were substantially higher in 1951 than in 1950,

Estim ates of Disabling Work Injuries

The estimated total of 2,121,000 disabling work injuries in 1951 was the highest volume since 19UU, and represented an increase of 9 percent over the 1950 figure. Part of the increase in volume of injuries i s attributable to higher employment and more hours of exposure to industrial hazards. Employment increased by 2 percent between 1950 and 1951, to reach an all-tim e peak. A greater rise in injuries than employment, however, indicated an increase in injury rates as well as in the volume of injuries.1 / See technical notes, p. 15, for definitions.

1Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

2In addition to the 16,000 deaths resulting from on-the-job injuries,91,000 workers suffered some permanent d isability, such as the amputation of a body member or permanent impairment of some body function. Included in this latter group were about 1,600 persons whose d isab ilities were serious enough to incapacitate them completely for any gainful employment for the remainder of their liv es. The majority (95 percent) of the injuries, however, resulted in only temporary disability, which incapacitated the workers for one fu ll day or more, but from which the injured persons recovered without any permanent ill-e ffe c ts .Over U2 million man-days were lo st during the year by workers injured in 1951. This is equivalent to the lo ss of 1U0,000 full-tim e workers from the labor force for the entire year. When additional allowance is made for the future effects of the deaths and permanent physical impairments, the total economic time-loss amounts to over 219 million man daysequivalent to a year's full-tim e employment of about 730,000 workers.The principal increase in the volume of work injuries occurred in manufacturing where 510,000 workers were disabled in 1951, compared with lj.26,000 in 1950. Increased employment and a longer workweek combined to increase exposure to industrial hazards (total man-hours worked by a ll employees) by about 8 percent. The higher injury rates, added to the increased exposure in manufacturing, resulted in a volume of injuries almost 20 percent greater in 1951 than in 1950.Wholesale and retail trade also experienced an increase in employment and exposure and in injury rates. Approximately 300,000 employees and an additional 81,000 self-employed persons and unpaid family workers in the trade industries were injured on the job in 1951. The total for both groups combined (381,000) was almost lit percent greater than in 1950.The construction industry showed a substantial increase in employment in 1951 and the average workweek increased also. The increase in total exposure to hazards in this industry division between 1950 and 1951 amounted to about 13 percent. The slight decrease in injury-frequency rate, however, partially offset the increase in exposure so that the total volume of injuries increased by only 12 percent.The public u tilit ie s division was the only one to show improvement in i t s safety record over the year. Lower injury rates in the telephone and electric and gas u tilit ie s offset a slight increase in employment, resulting in a decrease of 12 percent in the estimated volume of injuries.In agriculture, the v ita l sta tistics compiled by the various States indicated a declining ratio of accidental farm deaths, despite the increased mechanization of farm operations. I t is reasonable to assume, however, that injuries in general did not decrease as much as did employment. The tota3 volume of work injuries in agriculture was estimated about 3 percent below 19U9 and 1950 levels.


Estimated number of disabling work Injuries during 1951, by industry division3

Industry d iv ision A nd is a b il i t ie s F a ta lit ie s Pemanentd is a b i l i t ie sTemporary-to ta ld is a b i l i t ie s

A ll employed persons (except ~ domestic service) 1 /A ll industry d iv is io n s . . ......... 2,121,000 16,000 2/91,000 2,01U,000

Agriculture 3 / ............. . . . . . . . . . 330,000 U,ooo (V) (V)Mining and quarrying 5 / # . . * . . . . . . . . . 75,000 1,200 (V)8,900 (u/)Construction 6 / . .........7 . . . . . . . . ....... .. 230,000 2,500 2187600Manufacturing"^/...................... .. 510,000 2,700 25,200 1(82,100Public u t i l i t i e s 6 / . . . . ........................ 21,000 300 600 20,100Trade 6 / . ............... 7........ .................. 381,000 1,600 8,800 370,600(* /)Transportation 8 / .................................. 186,000 i,Uoo a / )Finance, service, government, and m iscellaneous in dustries 6 / . . . . . . . 388,000 2,300 ( y ) (V)

Employees only 1 /A ll industry d iv is io n s......... 1,619,000 n , 7oo 71,800 1,565,500Agriculture 3/*........... .. 60,000 1,000 (V) (V)Mining and quarrying 70,000 1,100 (? /) ( W )Construction 6 / . . . . . . T * . . . . . . . . . 185,000 2,000 7,700 1757800Manufacturing^?/........................................ 500,000 2,600 2U,700 1(72,700Public u t i l i t i e s 6 / . . . 21,000 300 600 20,100Trade 6/................ 7 .......* ..* * ........ 300,000 1,300 6,900 291,800Transportation 8 / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,000 1,300 (1/) Finance, service, government, and m iscellaneous in d u stries 6 / . . . . . . . 3U5,ooo 2,100 0/) (y)1/ Differences between injuries to all employed persons and injuries to employees represent injuries to self-employed and unpaid family workers.2/ Includes approximately 1,600 permanent-total d is a b i l i t ie s .3/ The total number of work injuries in agriculture is based on cross-section surveys of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 19li7 and 19h8, with adjustments for changes in employment. These are considered to be minimum figures; injuries experienced in performing chores are excluded; and there are some indications of under-reporting. The estimates of fatalities are based on vital statistics figures from those States which provide the necessary detail.h/ Data not shown separately, but included in grand to ta l .5/ Based largely on data compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior.y Based on small sample surveys.If Based on comprehensive surveys.y Data for railroads are based on Interstate Commerce Commission reports; data for other transportation are based on small sample surveys.


1*

The total volume of injuries in mining and quarrying was only slightly higher (1* percent) in 1951 than in 1950. In fact, injuries increased less than man-hours of exposure, and injury-frequency rates in most mining industries decreased slightly or remained unchanged. F atalities, however, increased by about 200. The West Frankfort, 111., coal-mine disaster accounted for 119 of these additional deaths. Metal mines, quarries, and crude petroleum production also recorded increases in the number of fa ta litie s .The transportation group of industries had an estimated increase of about 5 percent in the number of injuries. Tabulations of the Interstate Commerce Commission indicated an increase of 10 percent in fatal and 7 percent in non- fatal cases reported by interstate railroads. Employment on railroads was about 1* percent higher in 1951 than in 1950. The injury-frequency rate for class I railroads was up by 3 percent. 'The number of injuries was somewhat higher in other segments of the transportation industry in 1951 than in 1950, and in most cases followed employment trends. Local street-railway and bus lines showed a slight decrease in employment, but the trucking and warehousing industry recorded an increase of about 8 percent, which was also reflected in an increase in the volume of injuries. Other transportation and allied services reported slightly higher levels of employment and volume of injuries.In the service, government, and miscellaneous group of industries, there was an increase of 1* percent in work injuries, which about paralleled the employment trends.

Injury-Frequency RatesManufacturing .A, 5-percent increase in the average injury-frequency rate for manufacturing brought the 1951 rate above that for either of the previous 2 years and also above the low rates reported for the 3 prewar years 1938,1939, and 191*0, but it was well below that for any other year on record.(See chart 1 .)

Monthly injury-frequency rates for manufacturing showed a downward trend during the last 5 months of 1951 resulting in a much more favorable safety record at the end of the year than the annual average would indicate. The monthly averages were above both 19l*9 and 1950 for the fir s t 8 months of 1951 the peak being reached in July. However, a downward trend, which began in August, brought the rates for the last 1* months below those for 1950, but they were s t i l l sligh tly above the record low of 19l*9. The adjusted rate for December 1951 was 12.9 compared with 13.8 in 1950 and 12.1* in 191*9. (See chart 2 and table D.)


5Chart 1. Injury-Frequency Rates in Manufacturing

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Chart 2. Injury-Frequency Rates in Manufacturing 1949-51

RATE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORBUREAU OF LABOR SIATISTICS

Seven of the ZL major manufacturing groups showed increases of one or more frequency-rate points between 1950 aid 1951, and 8 others showed smaller increases; 6 reported decreases, each of le ss than one fu ll point.The lumber and wood products group had the largest increase in average injury-frequency ratefrom U9*8 in 1950 to 52,8 in 1951. Increases of one or more frequency-rate points were recorded by 6 of the 9 individual industries in this group; only 2 .showed decreases and 1 reported l i t t le change.The primary metals group; leather and leather products; and food showed significant increases as well as the machineiy; stone, clay, and glass; and furniture groups;Of the 163 individual industries for which data were available for both years, 68 (or h2 percent) showed increases of one frequency-rate point or more between 1950 and 1951, only 20 industries reported significant decreases,


6and 75 recorded l i t t le change. (See table A.) Increases for the following 11 industries amounted to more than 5 points.Injury-frequency rates

1950 1951Primary metal industries, notelsewhere classified ........... ........... 23.U 3U.8Veneer m ills ...................... 3U.6 U2.3Steel foundries..................... 25.0 31.5Wood office furniture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 28.6Wines......................................................... 19.8 26.1Bottled soft drinks........ 26.7 32.9Beet sugar........................ 3U.2 U0.2Cut-stone and stone products.............. 3U.3 kO.lMiscellaneous wood products........., 27.5 33.2Steel sp r in g s ............................. 17*8 23.3Morticians goods.......................... 20.9 26.2

Cnly the small beehive coke industry showed a decrease of as much as 5 frequency-rate points. The decrease from 50,3 injuries per million manhours in 1950 to 38.8 in 1951, however, merely represented a return to normal levels for this industry following a very marked increase in 1950 from a rate of 36.U in 19U9.Logging again topped the l i s t as the most hazardous industry, with an injury-frequency rate of 98.9. Sawmills operating without planing m ills had a rate of 60,2; independent planing m ills and integrated saw- and planing- m ills each reported a rate of U8.1; and veneer m ills had a rate of U2.3.

The rate for beet-sugar refining was U0.2; cut-stone and stone product^ U0.1; structural clay products, 39.8; boatbuilding and repairing, 39.2; beehive coke ovens, 38.8; wooden containers, 38.1;; and gray-iron and malleable foundries, 38.3.

At the other extreme were a number of industries with rates of less than 5 injuries per million man-hours. These industries ranked in about the same order as in previous years:


7Injury-frequency rates

1950 1951Synthetic fib ers,. . ..........Synthetic rubber.............. ............. .Explosives..................................................Radio tubes............ .Electric! lamps....................... .Miscellaneous communication equipment,.A ircraft................................ .................. .Ophthalmic goods............ .Womens and children s c lo th in g ..,,.... Rubber footwear............... .

2.1 1.73.U 2.33.8 3.U3.9 U.lU.o U.l5.1 U.2U.o U.5U.8 U.7U.9 U.95.3 U.9Although intrinsic industry characteristics make some industries more hazardous than others, many of the variations in injury rates by industry can be attributed to differences in the size-of-establishment composition of the various industries. Data available from a few individual industry studies, and the general observations of many writers have led to the theory that the highest injury-frequency rates prevail among small and medium-size plants; that larger establishments have progressively lower rates; and that the very smallest plants have rates somewhat below the average for the medium-size group, but well above those for the larger units,A tabulation shewing injury-frequency rates by size of reporting unit for 127 separate manufacturing industries bears out these general conclusions, but also shows wide variations from the accepted pattern in many instances 2/. (See table E.) ~In this tabulation the reports were broken down into eight size c la ssifications? group 1those reporting units with le ss than 20 employees, group 220 to U9 employees, group 350 to 99 employees, group U100 to 2U9 employees, group 5250 to U99 employees, group 6500 to 999 employees, group 71,000 to 2,U99 employees, and group 82,500 or more employees.From this tabulation i t appears that, in general, the highest injury-frequency rates occurred among plants in groups 3 and U with employment ranging

2/ This tabulation was based upon a size-of-reporting-unit classification rather than size-of-establishment or size-of-company breakdown. Each separately reported establishment of a multiunit company was classified on the basis of it s respective employment; reports consolidating data for several establishments would fa ll in a larger size group than i f each plant were reported separately. To the extent that small and medium-size establishments of multiunit firms may benefit from the safety activ ities which large concerns generally carry on, the differences in injury rates between medium and large plants w ill be understated.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

8from 50 to 2U9. The average rate for group li (100 to 2U9 range) was highest among the eight size groups, in UU of the 127 industries for which size breakdowns were shown, and in U0 other industries the average for group 3 (50 to 99 employees) was highest. Although industry by industry comparisons between these two size groups showed ride variations in frequency rates, in 28 percent of the industries the rates varied by le ss than 10 percent. In 38 percent of the industries, the averages for the 50 to 99 size group were 10 percent or more above those for the 100 to 2U9 group; and in 3U percent, they were 10 percent or more lower. Thus, these two size groups were each highest of a ll size groups in about an equal number of instances, and higher rates in one size group in one industry were about balanced by lower rates in that same size group in other industries. In general, these two groups, comprising the medium-size establishments (50 to 2U9 workers) can be considered as having about equally high rates. Every other size group, both smaller and larger, had progressively lower rates.Size group 2 (20 to U9 employees) had somewhat lower rates than did either group 3 or U but the difference was not marked. Rates for this group were below those of group U (100 to 2h9 employees) in 57 percent of the industries for which comparisons were possible, but were higher in U3 percent. The very smallest size group (fewer than 20 employees) showed rates lower than group U (100 to 2U9 employees) in 78 percent of the industries for which comparisons could be made.Progressively lower rates were shown by the larger establishments. Although group 5 (250 to U99 employees) reported the highest rate in 11 industries, the rates were lower than for group U (100 to 2U9 employees) in 77 percent of the industries. Rates for size group 6 (500 to 999 employees) were lower than for the 100 to 2h9 group in 89 percent of the industriesj those for the 1,000 to 2,U99 group were lower in 9k percent; and those in the largest size group (2,500 or more employees) were 10 percent or more lower than those for the 100 to 2k9 group in a ll industries for which comparisons were available.The low rate industries were generally those in which the bulk of the employment was in large establishments. Of the entire 127 industries for which size breakdowns were computed only 28 percent showed injury-frequency rates below 10. However, of the U2 industries in which the largest size group (2,500 or more employees) was sufficiently well represented to warrant presentation of an average, 18 or U3 percent, reported industry averages of le ss than 10, In 30 of diese U2 industries, the averages for units with 2,500 or more employees were less than 10.There were, however, many industries in which this general pattern did not prevail. In the malt and malt liquor industry the largest plants (2,500 or more employees) had an average injury-frequency rate of 25*6, compared with an industry average of 21i. 5, and rates of 20.9 for die 500 to 999 size groups, and 1U.3 Tor the 1,000 to 2,U99 group. The logging industry had no


9units of over 2,500 employees, but those with 1,000 to 2,U99 employees reported an average frequency rate of 86.0. This rate was below the industry average (98.9), and also below the rates for the size groups 2, 3, U, and 3 (20 to U99 employees) but above the rate of 79.U recorded for the smallest operations. Four other industries reported average injury-frequency rates of 25 or higher for units in the 1,000 to 2,U99 size groups: integrated saw- and planing- mills, U3.0j canning and preserving, 29.6; steel foundries, 25,6j and shipbuilding and repairing, 25.0. In each of these instances, however, the averages for the larger establishments were lower than those for the medium- size plants. In the 500 to 999 size groups, 13 industries recorded average rates of 25 or higher, but in 10 of these industries higher rates were recorded in the medium size groups. Thus, it is seen that size is not the only factor in determining high or low injury-frequency rates. There are intrinsic hazards in certain industries which are difficult to overcome. Even in the most hazardous industries, however, large units generally achieve a better safety record than do the medium-size establishments.

Many industries consistently showed lox* rates in all size groups. Rates of less than 10 were recorded for all size groups in the knit goods, womens and children's clothing, and'men's and boys' clothing industries. Averages were less than 10 for the smallest size group in 9 industriesj for the 20 to U9 group in lUj for the 50 to 99 group in 12j and for the 100 to 2ii9 group in 11 industries.

Nonmanufacturing. Among the 52 individual nomanufacturing industries (exclusive of mining) for which data were available, 20 reported significant increases in injury-frequency rates between 1950 and 1951. Only 8 recorded decreases, and 2h showed changes of less than one frequency-rate point.

The average rate for the construction group decreased from bl.O injuries per million man-hours in 1950 to 39.3 in 1951. General building contractors reduced their frequency rate from U5.U to 39.6. For highway and street construction, however, the rate increased from hlt.8 to 50.8. Among the smaller, special-trades industries, structural-steel erection showed a decrease from 58.9 in 1950 to 148,2 in 1951, and plastering and lathing, from UU.8 to 38.2.

City fire departments reduced their injury-frequency rate from 35.5 to 30, U but the rate for police departments increased from 3 2 .U to 3 6 .5 .

In the transportation group, the stevedoring industry showed an increase from 59.U injuries per million man-hours in 1950 to 76.5 in 1951. The trucking and hauling and warehousing and storage industries both showed minor increases between 1950 and 1951.

Minor increases were shown in the trade group and for business services. Waterworks showed a sLight increase but other utilities recorded little change. Personal and educational services reported rates about the same as in 1950.


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Among individual nonmanufacturing industries for which data were available, most of the highest injury rates in 1951 were in the construction and transportation groups, as can be seen from the following list:

Injury-frequencyrates

Stevedoring.......... .......... ............... 76.5Highway and street construction,.............. 50,8Structural-steel erection and ornamentalironwork.......... U8.2

Roofing and sheet-metal work................. 13*7Heavy construction, except highway and street. 1;2.3Masonry, stone setting, and other stonework... U0.7General building contractors,.... ...... 39*6Miscellaneous special.-trade contractors.,...,. 39*0Trucking and hauling................... 38,5Plastering and l a t h i n g . . . ........ 38,2Warehousing and storage....................... 37*UPolice departments.............. 36,5

Low injury-frequency rates among nonmanufacturing industries in 1951 were recorded by the telephone industry, 1.8; insurance, 2,0; banks and other financial agencies, 2,8; radio broadcasting and television, h.ls retail apparaL and accessories, U.l; medical and other professional services, b.3j and dry cleaning, U.6.

Mining and Quarrying. There were minor decreases in the injury-frequency rates of all mining groups, except in the small nonmetal mines industry, where the rate increased from U1,U in 1950 to U6.U in 1951. In the important bituminous coal mining industry, increased hours of exposure tended to offset an increase in the number of injuries, with the result that the injury-frequency rate remained almost the same, U9,l. In anthracite mining, there was a decrease from 72.5 injuries per million man-hours in 1950 to 67.5 in 1951. The rate for metal mines decreased slightly from k5.6 to U3.U; that for quarries remained about the same at 36.U; and ore-dressing mills reported a rate of 22.6.

Injury Severity

Manufacturing. There was little change in the average severity of injuries in manufacturing between 1950 and 1951. The average days lost or charged per case decreased slightly from 8U in 1950 to 82 in 1951. The average days of disability for each temporary case increased sLightly, from 16 to 17 days per* case, and the average time charge for permanent-partial disabilities remained virtually unchanged at 893 days per case. The slight decrease in the average


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Chart 3. Injury-Frequency Rates and Severity Averages,

Major Manufacturing Groups, 1951

120

LUMBER

FURNITURE

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS

FOOD PRODUCTS

FABRICATED METAL

PRIMARY METAL

PAPER PRODUCTS

ALL MANUFACTURING

MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRIC)

MISC. MANUFACTURING

LEATHER

CHEMICALS

TEXTILES

RUBBER

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY

INSTRUMENTS

APPAREL

Injury-Frequency Rates0__________ 10__________ 20__________ 30__________40 50

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORMMEAU Of IMOC STATISTICS .

60

days for all cases resulted from a decrease of about 7 percent in the proportion of fatalities aid permanent-total disabilities 3/. The increase in injury-frequency rate offset the slight decrease in average days lost per case; this resulted in a slight increase in the severity rate for manufacturing, from 1,2 in 1950 to 1,3 in 1951,

3/ Fatalities and permanent-total disabilities accounted for 0,383 percent of all cases reported in 1950, but only 0,356 percent in 1951, Because of rounding, these figures appear as O.h for both years in published tables.


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Average days lost or charged per case varied widely not only among individual manufacturing industries, but also from year to year for the same industry. These valuations, in large part, reflected changes in the number or proportion of deaths and permanent disabilities. Each fatality and permanent-total disability carries a time .charge of 6,000 man-days, ancl the average charge for permanent-partial impairments was 893 for 1951, compared with an average of only 17 days for temporary disabilities. In the aircraft manufacturing industry, the average days lost per case decreased from 280 in 1950 to ll*8 in 1951; this was a result of a decrease in the proportion of fatalities and permanent-total disabilities from 2,6 to 1*3 percent, and of peimanent-partial disabilities from 10,7 to 6.1 percent. Likewise/ in the organic chemical industry, the number of days per case dropped from 193 in 1950 to 119 in 1951, resulting from corresponding decreases in the proportion of fatalities and permanent disabilities. The average days lost per case in the plywood industry almost doubled, from 77 in 1950 to 11*8 in 1951; the proportion of fatalities decreased slightly, but the permanent-partial disabilities increased from 2.9 to 8.5 percent.

High severity rates in 1951 were more commonly associated with high frequency rates than with long duration of cases, as is shown by the following figures for the high-severity-rate industries:

Severity Frequency Average days lostrate rate per case

Logging.............................. 1 0 .3 9 8.9 103Sawmills.................... . 5 .7 60.2 95Saw- and planing-mills integrated.... 5 .0 1*8.1 105ELywood mills.................... . 1*.3 3L.2 11*8Elaning mills.............. ........ U.2 1*8.1 85Beet sugar.............. . 3.6 >.2 89Malt and malt liquors....,..... . 3.1* 2l*.5 136Millwork and structural wood products 3.1 28.0 112Metal doors, sash, frame, and trim,.. 3.1 27.8 95Miscellaneous nanmetallic mineral

products......................... . 3.1 20.2 11*0

Although the average of days lost per case for each of the above industries was greater than the all-^tianufacturing average (82)., only three could be considered high. In contrast, the frequency rates for all except one of these industries were more than 50 percent above the 15.5 average for all -manuf ac taring,

The two industries with the highest average days lost per case, on the other hand, reported low frequency rates and about average severity rates. Injuries to workers in blast furnaces and steel mills averaged 190 days per case, but the injury-frequency rate was only 6,l*j the severity rate was l.U. In petroleum refining, 165 days were lost per case, the frequency rate was


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7.h, and the severity rate was 1.2* The pumps and compressors industry reported an average of 153 days per case and an above-average frequency rate of 18.U; the resulting severity rate of 2.8 was relatively high.

Since the severity rate is actually a measure of the total time lost, expressed as a ratio to hours worked, it follows that any increase in the frequency of injuries, with no change in the time lost per case, would be reflected in a comparable change in the severity rate. Or, assuming the frequency rate remaining unchanged, an increase or decrease in the average days lost per case would result in a comparable change in the severity rate. Thus, the severity rate is a composite index of the frequency rate and the average days lost per case.

Nonmanufacturing, Among nonmanufacturing industries there was a closer correlation between the average days lost per case and severity rates than in manufacturing. Most industries with high average days per case also reported high injury-frequency rates. The resulting severity rates, consequently, were also high. An average of 2hS days was lost or charged per injury in the structural-steel erection and ornamental iron work industry. Of the cases reported, 1,9 percent were fatalities or permanent-total disabilities, each carrying a time-charge of 6,000 man-days, and 6,3 percent were permanent- partial impairments, with an average time-charge of 1,61U days} the temporary cases lost, on the average, 29 days each. The frequency rate for this industry was U8.2, and the resulting severity rate was 11.8. In the painting, paperhanging, and decorating industry, 19U days were lost per injury, and a moderately high frequency rate (23,5) resulted in a severity rate of U.6.

In the stevedoring industry, a high injury-frequency rate (76.5) coupled with a high average of days lost per case (163) resulted in the highest 1951 severity rate recorded 12.U days lost for each 1,000 man-hours worked. On the basis of an 8-hour day, this would be equivalent to a loss of 99 hours for each 1,000 worked, or almost 10 percent of the total hours worked in the industry.

Other nonmanufacturing industries with high severity rates in 1951 were highway and street construction, with a severity rate of 8.2, frequency rate of 50.8, and 162 days lost per case} masonry, stonesetting, and other stonework, a severity rate of U.8, with a frequency rate of U0.7 and 118 days per case} heavy construction, except highway and street, a U.U severity rate with a frequency rate of 1x2.3, and 10lt days per case} and roofing and sheet-metal work, with a severity rate of lj.,2, an injury-frequency rate of U3.7, and 96 days lost per case.

The electric light and power industry reported an average of 188 days lost per case, but a relatively low injury-frequency rate of 11.5 kept the severity rate down to 2.2. In this industry, 2,0 percent of all cases reported were fatalities or permanent-total disabilities.


Hi

Mining and Quarrying. Although severity rates and average days lost per case were not available for raining aid quarrying industries, data on the proportion of fatalities indicate a high level of severity. In coal mining 2.0 percent of the cases reported were fatalities; in metal mining, 1.1+; in nonmetal mining, 1.1; and in quarries 1.0 percent. Only in ore-dressing mills did the fatality rate (0.1+ percent) approximate that in manufacturing industries.


15

APPENDIX

Technical Notes

All injury-rate data presented in this reDort were compiled according to the provisions of the American Standard Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 19i+5

Definitions . The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work injuries for each million employee-hours worked.

A disabling work injury is any injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which (a) results in death or any degree of permanent physical impairment, or (b) makes the injured worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly established job, which is open and available to him, throughout the hours corresponding to his regular shift on any one or more days after the day of injury (including Sundays, days off, or plant shutdowns). The term winjuryH includes occupational disease.

The severity rate is the average number of days lost, because of disabling work injuries,per 1,000 employee-hours worked. The computation of days lost includes the use of standard time charges for fatalities and permanent disabilities. Each death or permanent-total disability was charged with a time loss of 6,000 days.

Survey Methods. Data are obtained by mail questionnaires sent to a represen- tative list of employers in manufacturing and most nonmanufacturing industries. Data for mining industries and for petroleum refining, coke, cement, lime, and nonferrous metal primary smelting and refining industries are collected by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior. Not included in the survey are agriculture,, forestry, and fisheries; railroads, interstate bus, water, air, and pipe-line transportation; telegraph and miscellaneous communication; domestic service; and government (except educational, fire, and police services). Data on the volume of injuries in these latter industries are obtained from all available sources, notably the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Department of Agriculture, and the U. S. Bureau of Employees' Compensation. Estimates are prepared from these for inclusion in the compilation of the volume of disabling work injuries in all industry divisions (domestic service excluded).

The survey samples for each industry are selected to give adequate representation in each State and in each size-of-establishment group. Because of their greater overall importance in the total employment of any given industry, large and medium-size establishments are more fully represented than are the smaller plants.


16

In manufacturing, in 1951> data were received from 37,185 reporting units, employing approximately 9,305,000 workers, or about 58 percent of all employees engaged in manufacturing. In the nonmanufacturing industries covered by the 1951 survey, 30,269 reports, covering a total of 2,1400,000 employees, were received. The mining industries covered by the Bureau of Mines employed5914,000 workers. The number of reporting units and employees included in the sample for each industry are shown in table A.

Weighting. Since each industry is not represented by the same proportionate sample, the injury-frequency and severity rates for all-manufacturing and for each manufacturing and mining group and for the trade group are weighted averages, The rates for individual industries were assigned weights based upon the estimated total employment in each industry. Average days lost or charged per case and the distribution of cases by extent of disability for industry groups are unweighted, being based on the simple totals from reports which furnished details regarding the nature and length of disability.

Workers Covered. Injury rates compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics include the experience of all classes of employees in each reporting unit. Proprietors, self-employed persons, domestic service, unpaid family workers, and members of the Armed Forces are excluded from injury-rate computations. Proprietors, self-employed person^ and unpaid family workers, however, are included in estimates of the volume of injuries. Rates designated as having been compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior, include the experience of workers engaged in production, development, maintenance and repair work, and supervisory and technical personnel at the operation, but exclude office personnel and employees in stores or affiliated operations not directly connected with mining or refining operations. Working proprietors are included. Mining data include Alaska as well as the States.

Industry Classifications. The manufacturing classifications used in this report conform to the definitions of the 19^ 45 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (vol.I), prepared by the Division of Statistical Standards of the United States Bureau of the Budget.

Nonmanufacturing classifications, except those used for construction operations, are based upon the 19^2 edition of the manual. The construction classifications follow the definitions of the 19^9 edition of Volume II.

Tables

Table A shows the injury-frequency and severity rates, average time charges per case, and the disability distribution for individual industries and for industry groups for 1951. Injury-frequency rates for 1950 are also shown in this table for purposes of comparison.

Table B shows changes in employment, hours worked, disabling injuries, and days lost for establishments which reported for both 1950 and 1951* The


17

purpose of this table is to measure from year to year the safety accomplishments of establishments performing substantially identical operations over the 2-year period, by eliminating the effect of changes in the composition of each industry. It does not indicate the general injury experience of particular industries, which may be affected by the prevailing hazards and by changes in the composition of the industry.

Table C shows in industry detail the percentage distribution of permanent- partial disabilities according to the part of body affected. This tabulation serves, in part, to explain the variations in average days charged per case among the various industries. In interpreting the table, it should be borne in mind that the time charges for permanent injuries to the different parts of the body bear approximately the following relationship to each other:

1 finger (not thumb)......... 300 days1 thumb....................... 600 days1 toe (not great toe)........ 150 days1 great toe................... 300 days1 hand...................... .. 3*000 days1 foot.......... 2,1*00 days1 arm, above elbow............ i*,500 days1 arm, below elbow........... 3*600 days1 leg, above knee............ 1**500 days1 leg, below knee............ 3*000 days1 eye.... ................... 1,800 days

Table D presents injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries for 1951 by month and quarter. These rates were based upon quarterly reports received from approximately 12,800 reporting units, which employed about a third of all workers engaged in manufacturing. In those industries for which the 12-month average derived from the quarterly reports differed from the final annual average based on more comprehensive coverage, the monthly and quarterly rates were adjusted to the level of the final annual rate. This table shows the month-to-month or seasonal fluctuations and the trend of injury-frequency rates during the year for each of the selected industries and for all-manufacturing combined.

Table E shows the variations in injury-frequency rate by size of reporting unit for selected manufacturing industries in 1951. Because of the nature of the tabulated data* the size of reporting'* unit rather than "size of establishment" or "size of company" was used as the basis of classification. Thus, each separately reported establishment of a multiunit concern was classified on the basis of its respective employment; reports in which data for several separate establishments were consolidated came within a larger-size group than if each plant were reported separately. There may be some question as to whether size of establishment or overall size of company is the more important factor influencing injury-frequency rates. It is generally assumed that the larger organizations are better equipped to promote safety


18

programs and to reduce work injuries; therefore, lower injury rates are expected to prevail among the larger concerns. The advantages of large-scale operations may not accrue as directly to small establishments of large multiunit companies as to large single plants or to large plants of multiunit concerns. Therefore, somewhat higher injury rates may be expected among small plants generally (even though they may be units of large concerns) than among large plants. The present tabulation, based on size-of-reporting-unit rather than on a strict size-of-establishment basis gives the best measure of size differentials in injury rates available from current data.


Table A#Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 195) j /

IndustryNumber of reporting

units

Number of employees reported

Injury-frequencyrates

In ju ry- severity rates 2/

Average days lo s t or charged per case 2 / Percent of disabling in ju ries resulting in2/

Currentyear

U951)

Previousyear

(1950)Allcases

Permanent-p artia l

d isa b ility

Temporary-to ta l

d is a b ility

Death and permaneht-

to ta ld isa b ility

Permanent-p artia l

d isa b ility

Temporary-to ta l

d isa b ility

MANUFACTURING

Total manufacturing*** 37*185 9,301*. 821 1/15.5 I/ 1 W y 1.3 82 893 17 0.1+ 5.0 91+.6

Food and kindred products U.782 582,868 i/ 20.7 3/18.9 3 / 1.1+ 70 969 15 3 3.9 95.8770 137.9U7 21.8 21.7 1.1 29 851 12 1 1.5 98.1+

Dairy products.........................................* U11 25,1*26 19.1 17.8 1.1 55 581 13 5 2.5 97.0Canning and preserving*........................ 53k 71,1*01* 25*6 22.8 1.3 1+9 956 16 .1 2 .6 97.3

65U 53,670 19*2 17.2 1.1+ 66 1,077 15 3 3.3 96J+Bakery products** ................. 761+ 78,1*13 15.7 13.9 1.5 99 1,013 16 1+ 5.7 93.9Sugar* ........... * .............. ..................................... 107 27,1*03 26.9 26.1+ 2.1+ 85 960 19 .7 2.5 96.8

Cane su g ar*****........... 31 16,703 19.3 22*3 1.7 79 1,271 25 2 31+ 96.1+Beet su g a r**** ** ** ** ** ** ** .................. 76 10,700 1+0.2 31+.2 3.6 89 582 15 1.1 1.9 97.0

Confectionery and related products*********** m 1*1,653 U*.3 13.8 8 58 71a 16 2 3.9 95*9Beverages** 095 108,961* 26.1+ 23*8 2 .0 116 1,001+ 18 3 7 .9 91.8

Bottled so ft d rin k s********......... ............ U20 11.718 32.9 26.7 1.1 33 1,067 10 .2 7 99.125k 71.099 2l*.5 25.3 3.1+ i36 1,032 19 .1+ 9.6 90.0Wines* * .................................. * .............. 10U k,l&> 26.1 19.8 i f f ) i f f ) i f f ) ( V ) i f f ) i f f ) c y )D is tille d liq u ors* 117 21,681 8.2 8.3 .6 67 621 21 .5 3.2 $5.3

Miscellaneous food products. koo 37.988 17*8 H+.9 1.3 1+9 952 15 2 2.1+ 97.1+Tobacoo manufactures**................... 159 142,1+81+ 6 .6 6 .8 .1+ 55 639 16 2 1+.1+ 95. 1+

T extile -m ill products* 2,510 72k,9k7 i/ 11 .2 3 /11*0 3/ 1.0 82 1,132 18 2 1+.7 95.1Cotton yarn and te x tile s * * * * * * * * * * * # .* * * * * * * * 557 280,159 9 .9 10.0 1.0 91 1,189 20 .2 1+.9 91+.9Rayon, other synthetic, and s ilk te x t ile s * 237 71.299 9 .0 9.7 .7 67 795 18 .5 2.2 97.3Woolen and worsted te x t i le s * * * * * * 352 107,180 16.9 13.8 1.3 66 1,160 19 .1 3.3 96.6

689 115.90^ 5 .9 5. 1+ 2 39 1,035 H+ .2 1.1 98.7Dyeing and fin ishing t e x t i le s * 296 55.811 16.1+ 18.3 1.6 95 1,568 19 - 1+.9 95.1Carpets, rugs, and other flo or coverings* 87 U9.056 12.7 15.0 1.7 133 979 18 *1 11.1+ 88.5Hats (except cloth and m illin ery )*............. .. 66 9.611 20.3 18.2 1.0 1+7 1,11+0 11 .3 1.6 98.1Cordage and twine*.................................... .. 60 9.71+0 21.5 19*0 1.5 71+ 81+8 17 - 6 .9 93.1Miscellaneous te x t ile goods* 166 26,187 17.3 16.3 1.1 62 1,062 18 2 2*9 96.9

Apparel and other finished te x t ile products 5/* 2,21*9 237.61+7 3 / 6 .9 3 / 6 .6 3/ .2 30 677 11 1 1.8 98.1

Clothing, mens and boys'** 7he 120,276 6 .9 6.1+ 2 21+ 856 9 1 8 99.1971 79,288 1+.9 1+.9 1 16 391+ 10 - 1.5 98.5

Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel********** 133 10,907 8.6 7 .8 i f f ) i f f ) i f f ) i f f ) c y ) i f f ) U/)Miscellaneous fabricated te x t ile products* 3146 25,222 12.1 12*5 .9 71 775 16 .3 T+.8 91+.9

Lumber and wood products (except fu rn itu re)* 3.073 226,885 3/52.8 3/+9*8 3 / 5 .3 98 1,118 20 .5 4 .2 95.3lo g g in g .. . .* .................................................................... 3QU 2i+,ij28 98.9 96.5 10.3 103 1,608 31 .6 2.3 97.1Sawmills and planing m ills 3 / * .* ** * ................. .. 1.300 86,581 52.1 59.3 5.3 100 1,176 17 .7 3.7 95.6

Planing m ills * ** ******* 171 10,575 1+8.1 1+5.5 1+.2 85 1,127 15 . 1+ 1+.1 95.5Saw m ills*******. 75k 28,1+16 60.2 61.1+ 5.7 95 1,161+ 18 .7 3.2 96.1Saw and planing-mi11s, in tegrated* 293 1+1,662 1+8.1 1+5.6 5.0 105 1,219 16 .7 3.8 95.5Veneer m il ls * . 52 i+,213 1+2.3 31+.6 ( V ) i f f ) i f f ) ( V ) i f f ) c y ) c y )


Table A.-*-Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) l / Continued

IndustryNumber of reporting

units


Injury-frequenoy rates In ju ry-

severity rates 2/

Average days lo s t or charged per ease 2/

Percent of disabling in ju ries resulting in 2/

Currentyear

( 1951}

Previousyear

( 1950)

Alloases

Permanent-p artia l

d isa b ility

Temporary-to ta l

d isa b ility

Death and pemanent-

to ta ld isa b ility

Permanent-p artia l

d isa b ility

Temporary-to ta l

d isab ility

MANUFACTURINGContinued

Lumber end wood products (except furniture^-Ccn.

637 55,ali2 29.0 29.5 3.5 122 974 17 0*3 8*8 90.9Mi 11 work and stru ctu ral wood products 549 35.1*96 28.0 28*2 3.1 112 874 14 4 9 .0 90*6Plywood m il ls * * * " * * * * 88 20, 31*6 31.2 32.9 .3 148 1.257 25 3 8.5 91.2U2k 33.316 3 8 J* 34.6 2*8 75 873 12 2 6 .1 93.7

Miscellaneous wood products............... .. 408 26,718 35.2 27.5 2 .5 70 855 15 2 5.1 94*7

Furniture and fix tu res Jg/******........... * 1.U51 166,188 1/22.0 j>/21.0 i / 1.6 75 819 14 1 7 .0 92.9

Household fu n d tu re 1.077 116,601+ 22.3 21.6 1.8 82 873 14 1 7 .3 92.6Household furnitu re, nonm etal******* 775 82,838 22*3 21*8 1.9 85 886 14 1 7.7 92.2Metal household fu rn itu re **** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 1+8 11,083 24.9 23.5 1.2 56 761* 13 - 5 .7 94.3Mattresses and bed sp rin g s****************** 251* 22.683 19*9 18.1 1.9 78 81*8 12 .2 6 .4 93 .4

Office fu rn itu re* 68 17.119 21*1+ 18*5 1.6 74 615 v* 2 7 .8 92.0Wood o ffic e fu r n itu r e * ** .* * * * * * * * * * * * * .* * * * 22 3.14* 28.6 22*2 (4/) U/) (4?) (V ) (V ) (V ) (4/)Metal o ffic e fund t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . I46 14.005 19*0 17.1 T .5 ^85 34 .3 6 .8 $2.9

Public-building and professional fund ture 43 9,3U 19.5 21;* 1 W )( 7 8

(4/) ( V ) U/) (4/) (4/)171 15,669 22*8 18*8 .9 i*5 708 13 - 4 .6 95 .4

Screens, shades, and b lin d s*** 87 7,268 15*1 17.1 W ) (]/ ) (V ) (V ) (4/) (V ) (J*/)Paper and a llie d products** 1,581* 337.1)01 j5/l6*0 2/16.1 3 / 1 .9 82 955 16 3 4 .9 94.8

Pulp, paper, and paperboard m i l l s * . . . ............... 1+72 207,920 15.8 15.7 2*6 111* 1.155 19 8 4 .1 95.181* 9.415 16.3 15.U 5 33 418 15 - 1**5 95.5

Paperboard containers and b o x e s * * * * . .* * * * . . .* 785 77,018 18*1 17.9 1.3 61* 884 15 .1 5.3 94.6Miscellaneous paper and a llied products 21*3 43.048 13.7 H+.8 1.2 75 972 14 .1 5 .6 94.3

Printing, publishing, and a llie d in d u stries***. 2,931* 271,137 i / 9 . 1 3/ 8*2 2/ -6 62 910 16 2 3.7 96.1

Newspapers and p eriod icals......... .......... .. 925 130,581 9.1 8.3 5 56 874 16 3 , 2 . 9 96.8Bookbinding and related p r o d u c t s * * . . . . . . . . . . . 122 9,102 10.0 8*0 U*/) (U/) (4/) ( V ) (1/) (V ?Miscellaneous printing and p u b lis h in g * * ... . . . 1,887 131.454 9.1 8.2 6 65 t9 3 14 .2 ^*4 $?*4

Chemicals and a llied products. 2,079 434.134 i/ 11 .5 2 /11.1 2 / 1.1 90 1,021 16 .7 2.9 96*4Indu strial inorganic ch em ica ls* .** .* 151 63,533 9 .5 9.5 1.3 95 1,361 20 .6 2*8 96.6Indu strial organic chemicals.................. 300 172,201 5.1 1**8 7 119 826 19 1.1 44* 94.5

P la s tic s , (except synthetic rubber)*............. 56 35,969 6.6 7 .0 W ) (V^) W ) Q /) (4/) (4/)Synthetic rubber*......... .. 20 9.333 2.3 3.1* w ) w ) (/) w ) (/) (/)23 53.922 1.7 2 .1 qlA (/) Q4/ ) (u /) (k/j (/)35 12,738 3*4 3 .8 W ) (y > W ) ) 0 W )

Miscellaneous ind u stria l organic chemicals. 1& 62,239 7 .7 6*1; 7 66 796 16 5 ? * 8 % #7Drugs and medicines* 258 71,75! 9 .2 8*2 5 62 965 14 2 3.7 96.1202 28,668 8*3 7 .9 1.1 90 1.407 19 - 5.1 94.9

Paints, pigments, and related products*.. 393 44.271 12*5 13.0 .8 50 707 13 .4 1*9 97.7F e r t iU s e rs ............................ 1*05 23,065 22.1; 23*8 2 .9 130 1,603 21 1.3 2 .1 96.6Vegetable and animal o ils and f a t s * * * .. 85 6,867 23*8 23.5 1.3 5P 613 .4 2 .9 96.7Compressed and liquefied g a s e s * .... 1*7 6,903 l4 .0 1 1 4 (4/) ih /) (V ) w > U/) U/)Miscellaneous chemicals and a llie d products. 238 16.875 20.7 17.6 T*3 57 360 14 .7 T . l 98.2Digitized for FRASER

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Table A*Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) y Continued

Industry

MANUFACTURINGContinued

Products of petroleum and coal

Petroleum refining 6/ ......... ............ ..Coke ovens 6/ ......*7..........

B e e h i v e . . . . . . . ............. .............. .......... ..Byproduct. ..................................................................

Paving and roofing m ateria ls*............. ..

Rubber products

Tires and inner tu b es. ...................................... ....Rubber footw ear............. Miscellaneous rubber p rodu cts...............

Leather and leather products. . . . . ..................

Leather tanning and f in ish in g ................. Boot and shoe cut stock and f i n d i n g s . . . . . . . .Footwear (except rubberMiscellaneous leather products......

Stone, clay , and glass products....

Glass and glass products.................................Cement, hydraulic 6/.Structural d a y p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . . . ....Pottery clay p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . . ................. ..Concrete, gypsum, and mineral w ool..... Lime 6 / . . . . ....................Cut-stone and stone p r o d u c t s . . . . . . ...................Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products.

Primary metal industries $/.............

B last furnaces and s te e l m i1 1 s ...Iron and s te e l foundries............... ..

Gray-iron and malleable foundriesSteel foundries......... ..

Nonferrous primary smelting and refining 6/C o p p e r . . . . . . . . ............. .............. ................ L e a d - s i lv e r . . . . . . .Zinc.............M i s c e l l a n e o u s . . .............

Nonferrous ro llin g , drawing, and a llo y in g ... Nonferrous foundries..Miscellaneous primary metal in d u s tr ie s . . . . . .

Iron and s te e l f o r g i n g s . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ..Wire drawing.......,.Welded and heavy-riveted p i p e . . . . .Cold-finished stee1..........Primary meta.1 ind u stries, not elsewhere

Number of reporting

units


Injury-frequenoyrates

Average days lo s t or charged per case 2/

Currentyear

( 1951)

Previ ous year

( 1950)

In jury- severity rates 2/ Allcases

Permanent-p a rtia l

d isa b ility

Temporary-to ta l

d isa b ility

(4/) 198,469 j/ 8 .7 1 / 9 .3 (1+/) ( y ) ( y i (y >

158,1*87 7.1+ 7 .7 1.2 165 636 26- 25,715 11.1 12.1 (k/) ik /) w ) ( y )- 3,657 38.8 50.3 w ) (l A (Jy) ( y )- 22,058 8.5 8.7 ( y ) (/) ( y ) ( y )1+8 6.671 ll+.O 15.8 1 .9 132 S)8 20

308 191,991 3/9.7 j/ 1 0 .0 1 / 1 .2 105 1,008 18

38 70,620 6 .1 5 .6 1.1 1ia 1,375 2015 31,672 l+*9 5 .3 (V ) (V ) (V ) cy>

255 99,699 11+.1 15.3 1 .5 98 1,028 17

829 174,990 3/12*8 2/10.8 y -7 1+9 815 n+151 25,445 25 J+ 22.5 1.5 59 1,176 1571 3,329 21.7 18.1+ ( y ) ( y i ( ) (ju/5

11+1+32 130,717 9 .5 7 .5 .3 33 % 7175 15,1+99 12.7 . 11.7 .6 l+D 571+ 9

1.598 273,133 i/ 2 1 .8 1/20.5 1 /1.8 72 1,123 15

21+5 96,307 13.1 12.5 1.2 98 1,399 18- 21+.923 6.1+ 7 .2

%iy > (1+/)

53*+ 57,821 39.8 35.9 ^+6 793 ~H+132 35,075 17.0 16.9 2.2 133 910 13371 16,606 27.0 25.5 1.1+ 1,006 17- 6,506 21+.7 27.7 (y ) ( Uj/) ( V )87 2,701+ 1+0.1 31+.3 ( y ) ( y ) ( y )

229 33,191 20.2 19.1 f * i +^0 1,2511.91+1 1,020,087 i/ 1 6 .9 1/H+.8 1/ 1.8 101 867 19

205 588,305 6.1+ 5 .7 1. 1+ 190 812 33832 200,1+89 36.8 31.7 2*6 63 975 11+697 136,91+7 38.3 33.7 2.6 61 1,003 13135 63,5142 31.5 25.0 2.7 i k 861 17

- 33,800 22.7 22.9 (k /) (k /) ( y i c y i- 12,600 16.7 17.6 l y ) W ) ( y ) ( y )- 3,900 H+.9 18.7 (JlA (yO ( y ) ( y )- 9,200 30.7 31.2 W ) ( y ) ( y ) ( y )- 8,100 25.9 22.3 (%/) ( y ) ( y ) ( y ),7k \ 1+8,011+ 15.O 15.3 .8 i+9 930 1?

1+30378

l+ll8Gi+105,863

21+.018.3

21+.815.8

1.23.2 i

611971+

iu15

155 51,351 25.1 21.2 1.5 51 731+ 161+5 21,810 12.0 10.2 (V ) ( V ) (i+/) (y >31+

f c 18.1 H+.5 2 .0 T05 11+

51 19.1 19.1+ 1.1 53 558 19

93 6,093 31+.8 23.1+ 1.9 1+8 1,829 12

Percent of disabling in ju ries resulting in2/

D eath and perm anent-

d i s a b i l i t y

Perm anent-p a r t i a l

Temporary-t o t a l

d i s a b i l i t y d i s a b i l i t y

cy> cy> (4/)1.8 1+.8 9 3 Jt

7/ 1 .3 (V) (y)7 / .1+ (y) ( y )3 / 1 .7 (h/j ( y )

1.0 f*6 ^ . 1+.3 7.1 92.6

.9 5.1 91+.0(y>7.0

(1/ )9S .8

. 1 .3 .6 96.5

3 .7(y) 96.3ik/) m1 2.1+ 9 7 .5- 5.1+ 9L+.6

. 1+ 3.0 96.6

. 1 5.3 91+.67/ 2.6

.3W)T .8

9 7 .9

1.8 1. 1+ 96.8- 1+.0 96.0

1/ Uy)(y> ( y ) (yj.7 5.7 93.6

.7 1+.8 91+.51.6 7 .8 90.6

.1+ 2.5 97.1

. 1+ 2.6 97.0.6 2.5 96.97/ * (y> (1+/)1/ .6 (y) (y)(So(h/) $y)1/ .2 (y) (y)

- S.9 95.1.3 1+.1 95.62 5.8 9I+.0.1 3 .7 96.2% (y>95.8- 6.3 9 3 .7

2.0 98.0


Table AInjury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) l / Continued

Industry

MANUFAC TURING ContinuedF a b rica te d m etal p ro d u c ts ............. ...............

Tin cans and o th e r t in w a re C u tle ry , hand to o l s , and hardware*................ ..

C u tle ry and edge t o o l s * * . . *Hand to o ls , f i l e s , and saws***************Hardware* ............................. .. ................

H eating and plumbing equipm ent* S a n ita ry ware and p lum bers' s u p p lie s * .* O il b u rn e rs , h e a tin g and cooking apparatus

F a b rica ted s t r u c tu r a l m eta l products******** S tru c tu ra l s te e l and ornam ental m etalw ork. M etal doors, sa sh , frame, and tr im * B o iler-shop p ro duc ts* * .S heet-m etal work

M etal stam ping, c o a tin g and engraving j j / . . . .V itreous-enam eled p ro d u c ts Stamped and p ressed m etal products******** Metal coatin g and engraving*

F a b rica te d w ire p ro d u c ts* ......... ..M iscellaneous fa b r ic a te d m etal p ro d u c ts M etal b a r r e ls , drums, kegs, and pails*****S te e l springs****......... ............. .......... ..B o lts , n u ts , w ashers, and rivets*******.** Sorew-machine p ro d u c ts F a b rica te d m etal p ro duc ts , n o t elsew here

c la s s i f ie d * Machinery (excep t e l e c t r i c a l ) * * . * . . . *

Engines and turbines********** A g ric u ltu ra l m achinery and t r a c to r s * * C o nstruction and m ining m achinery......... Metalworking m achinery* S p e c ia l- in d u s try m achinery* ..............

Food-produots m achinery* * T ex tile m achinery* M iscellaneous s p e c ia l- in d u s try m achinery.*

General in d u s t r i a l m achinery** Pumps and compressors********************* E le v a to rs , e sc a la to r s , and co n v ey o rs . M echanical pow er-transm ission equipment

(excep t b a l l and r o l l in g b e a r in g s )* M iscellaneous genera l i n d u s t r i a l machinery

Commercial and household m achinery M iscellaneous m achinery p a r ts* * ................. Valves and f i t t i n g s .................................................

F ab rica ted pipe and f i t t i n g s * . . . . . . . . . . . . .B a il and r o l l e r b e arin g s* ................. * * Maobine shops, general**************..****

ie r of o rtin g o its


In ju ry -frequencyra te s In ju ry - s e v e r i ty ra te s 2 /

Average days lo s t o r charged p er case 2 / P ercen t o f d isab lin j re s u lt in g in * ju r ie s

C urrentyear

( 1951)

Previousyear

( 1950)

A llC&S68

Permanent-p a r t i a ld i s a b i l i t y

Temporary-t o t a l

d i s a b i l i t yDeath and perm anent-d i s a b i l i t y

Permanent-p a r t i a l

d i s a b i l i t yTemporary-

t o t a ld i s a b i l i t y

5.736 705,976 i / 19.5 3/19.0 3 / 1.5 79 795 H+ 0.3 5 .9 93.6lok 1)2,883 12*0 12.2 .7 61 592 16 3 1+.9 9 M506 122,013 15.7 1U.5 l .o 68 667 15 2 6 .2 93.6U+2 21,689 21*2 18.6 1.0 *4l+ 720 11+ - 1+.3 95.7175 29.819 20*1 17.7 1.6 71+ 692 13 5 1+.6 9t).9109 70,505 11*6 11.6 .8 76 61+3 17 1 8.1+ 91.51)39 122, 2*46 21.6 21.6 2 .0 83 921+ 13 .1+ 5.0 9l).6133 1+8,862 19.0 19*2 1.3 60 902 1*+ 2 3.7 96.1506 73,581) 22*7 22*5 2*3 91+ 931 13 5 5.7 93.8

1,056 139,539 26*3 25*0 2.1+ 87 911+ 11+ .1+ 5.1 9l)5510 72,li)l 2I+.1 23*2 2 .1 87 810 15 6 1+.1+ 95.0

95 11, 2*40 27.8 29.9 3.1 95 1,003 9 - 8.6 91J )256 1)0,195 26*6 21+.5 2 .5 87 1,111 15 1+ 1+.7 9i).9195 15.663 29.1 26*8 2.1+ 77 582 H+ .6 1+.8 9U.6722 122,121 19.0 20*2 1.6 9*+ 852 11+ 1 8.5 91.1)

33 7.376 22*6 20*8 1 .9 8*+ 972 11+ - 7.3 92.71+90 102,510 16 *6 17.3 1.6 110 822 11+ 1 10.8 89.1193 11,989 27.5 29.3 1.7 52 1,005 13 2 2 .5 97.5252 1)6,61)5 18.1+ 18*3 .8 1+8 585 16 - 5.7 9t)*3657 IIO.529 H+.9 U+.5 .9 65 566 v+ 3 6 .1 ?563h

337,6809,806

15.123.5

13.717*8

(V )76 % (J4/)11+ ( j/ j.6 % (V ) # .5

90.1)97 21),788 15.6 16.1 .6 50 1+06 13 - 9 .6292 29,103 15.9 U+.9 8 52 672 15 - 5.6 9l).U201 39,152 13*0 12.8 1.0 79 615 13 5 6 .3 93.2

3.9*46 1,189,11)5 3/l5*k 1/13.8 1 / 1 . 2 71 850 15 2 5.1+ 9W )63 60,707 11*3 11.0 Jb 63 76*+ 13 3 1+.6 95.1

226 162,267 15.2 15.8 1.6 68 792 12 1 6 .2 93.7306 98,780 23 .8 21.6 2.1+ 8*+ 9141+ 13 1+ 5.0 9l).6991 181,785 li+*0 11*5 .8 61 1.003 15 .2 3 .8 96.0679 138,51)7 18.0 15.6 1.5 72 807 15 2 5.6 9U.2li|p 23,871) 17*6 16*3 2*1+ 126 1.136 15 2 8.6 91.2139 39,760 13.3 11.9 1.1 63 666 15 2 3 .8 96.0398 71), 913 20*5 17.2 1.1+ 61+ 677 15 2 5.8 9l).062*+ 169,179 18.0 15.3 l.*+ 78 1.078 H+ (8/) 5 .8 5t).2158 W),1)55 18.1+ 15.1+ 2 .8 153 1,262 11 1 10.8 89.186 26,066 19.3 16*1 1 .0 140 71+2 13 - 3 .7 96.3

118 57,180 16*0 13*8 .9 63 9*+8 17 _ 5 .0 95.0282 61,1)78 I 8.5 15.9 .9 1+7 900 16 - 3.5 96.533k 238,199 9.3 9 .1 .7 76 708 19 1 7 .8 92.1m 139.68132.926 16*919*2 15.417.7 1.01.3 8 620598 8K

55 w 5

k560

5.9075l),822

15.812.2

16.012.0 n ( V )Tfc7 ( V )

512 1)6,026 18*5 15.1 1.2 69 752 11+ .5 3 .8 95.7Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Table A,Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) l/--Continued

Industry Amber of reporting unitsAmber of employees reported

Injury-frequencyrates Injury- severity rates /Average days lost or oharged per ease 2/ Percent of disablini resulting in4j injuriesK -.....Currentyear(1951)

Previousyear(1950)Alloases

Permanent-partialdisabilityTemporary-totaldisability

Death and permanent- total disabilityPermanent-partialdisability

Temporary-totaldisabilityMANUFAC TURINGContinued

Electrical machinery*** 1,155 721,704 y? .5 iA .4 2/0.6 73 676 16 0*2 7.2 92.6Sleotrloal industrial apparatus. 522 284,863 84 7.9 .8 79 633 16 3 7.7 92*0Electrical appliances 72 38,506 7.5 7.4 7 91 795 14 9.9 90.1Insulated wire and oable******************** 4B 14.458 16*3 15.6 1*1 58 1,000 17 3 2.5 97.2Electrical equipment for vehicles* 55 56,743 7.0 5*8 .7 115 546 15 3 15.6 84.1Electric lamps (bulbs)... * 24.663 4.1 4*0 (4/) ( V ) (4/) cy)

Transportation equipment* 1.055 1,416.520 3/84 1/8*3 y .7 io4 750 20 .5 7.0 92.5Motor vehicles and equipment**************** 50U 778,14)5 74 7.5 .5 101 666 20 .4 8*6 91*0263 487,662 6*3 5.9 .5 97 702 21 .5 7.2 92.3Motor-vehicle parts and accessories******* 2U1 290,783 9.2 9.6 6 110 613 19 3 12*0 87*7Aircraft and parts************************** 155 455,323 5*5 4.6 7 134 1.055 18 .9 6.1 93.0Aircraft** 52 303.460 4.5 4.o .6 148 914 15 1.3 6*1 92*6Aircraft parts************* 121 151.863 7*1 5.9 9 125 1,149 20 .6 6.0 93*4Ship- and boatbuilding and repairing* 291 86,284 24.6 27.5 2*1 93 874 21 7 3.7 95.6Shipbuilding and repairing**** 152 81,702 22*3 25 .4 2*1 98 919 21 .7 3.5 95-8Boatbuilding and repairing* 159 4,582 39.2 58.9 ih / ) (4/) ( p ) (4?) (4/) e g o cy)Railroad equipment** 88 87,294 12*0 11*4 8 98 724 25 4 6*9 92*7Miscellaneous transportation equipment****** 19 9,174 18*2 15.8 8 42 561 14 5.1 94.9

Instruments and related products************** 485 186,947 i /7 .4 y 7.7 y .5 48 696 13 - 5.1 94.9Scientific instruments*Msohanical measuring and controlling 47 13,321 6*1 5.2 (4/ ) (4/ ) (4/ ) (k/ ) (y ) cy) cy)instruments** 119 49,565 8*4 8.5 .6 5? 816 13 4.8 95.2Optical instruments and lexises************** 50 11,187 6*4 5.2 (J/> (4/ ) (4 /) (4/ ) cy) (4 /)Msdioal instruments and supplies* 132 27,550 10*8 15.1 .3 26 1^0 4.0 $>*oOphthalmio goods*.* 49 8,807 4.7 4.8 ( 4 0 (4/ ) (4/) ( V ) cy;Photographic equipment and supplies********* 65 50,174 6*1 5*5 s o < y ) Cg/) ( g o cy) W ) (5/)43 26,343 7.0 5.8 4 51 &93 7 6.0 sfi*oMiscellaneous manufacturing iindustries 1.196 164,637 i/15.8 y i5 .5 y 1.6 104 1,018 15 2 7.7 92.1Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware******** 115 22.355 8*6 8*0 .9 89 813 15 .3 7.0 92.7Fabricated plasties produots**************** 179 27,374 16*4 16*2 1*2 65 753 14 2 5.5 94.390 8,538 17.5 17*6 1*0 54 1,494 14 2*8 97*2Morticians * goods**** 104 8,114 26*2 20*9 1*6 59 952 15 2 3*3 96*5Miscellaneous manufacturing* 708 98,256 12*9 12*7 1*8 143 1,079 16 2 10*8 89.0

39 37,531 6*0 6*2 *6 106 1.070 15 - 8*6 91.4


Table A*Injury rates by industry,

Industry Number of reporting units


NONMANUFAC TUBINGC onstru ction .***********

General contractorsGereral building co n tra cto rs****** ................Heavy construction, except highway and

stre e t* * ....................Highway and s tr e e t construction*

Special-trade contractors**Plumbing, heating, and a ir conditioning* Painting, p&perhanging, and decorating**** E le c tr ic a l w o rk ***** ********************** Masonry, stone se ttin g , and other stonework Plastering and la th ing*Terras so, t i l e , marble, and mosaic work***Roofing and sheet*eaet&l w ork*******.............S tru ctu ra l-stee l erection and ornamental

iron w ork*********..................In sta lla tio n or erection of building

equipment, not elsewhere c la s s if ie d *** ** Miscellaneous special-trade contractors 9 /

Camnunications 10/Telephone (wire and r a d io )* * * * * * * * * .* * * * .* * *Radio broadcasting and te lev is io n * * ................

Transportations 10/

Stevedoring* *................ ..S tre e tca r*Bus ( lo c a l )* *.**Local transportation systems, integrated**** Trucking and h a u lin g **** ** ** ** ** *** ** ** ** ** * Warehousing and s to r a g e **** ** ** *** ** ** ** ** **Transportation, not elsewhere c la s s if ie d *

U t il i t ie s and sanitary services Jg/******...........

E le c tr ic lig h t and power*......... ..Gas****************************** Waterworks***

Personal se rv ic e s*** *** **.........

Dry cleaning***.**Laundries* * ......... Laundry with dry c le a n in g ********......................Amusements and related serv ices**

5*594 255.802

2,719 160^ +101,861 86,281

298 31*. 921+560 37.205

2,875 75.392715 15.220407 6,072371 9,61+7207 1+.322105 1+.01383 1.91*0

275 6,632

61 7.307

32 6,509619 13,730

120 551*.988412 17,551

70 23,11815 8,029

288 38,79637 128,725

1,062 27.H a836 22,781130 2.556

7hk 382.966355 278,217199 92,915168 10,912

3#330 138.896

687 16,981555 23,81+1484 36,132373 9,269

(with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) J /^Continued

Injury-frequency rates

C urrenty ear

(195D

Previousyear

(1950)

In ju ry- severity rates 2/

Average days lo s t or charged per case 2 /

Alloases

Bsmanent-p artia l

d is a b ility

Temporary - to ta l

d isab ility

Death and permanent-

totc.ld is a b ility

Percent of disabling in ju ries resulting in 2/

Permanent-p a rtia l

d isa b ility

Temporary-to ta l

d isa b ility

39.3

42 .939.6

42.3 50.831.526*823.525.7 4o*7 38.223.943 .7

48.229*639.0

1.84 .1

76.516*512.3 15.938.5 37*4

5.3

13.5

11.518.423.5

9 .9

4 .67 .99 .6

10.0

41 .0

44*5 45 *442*8144.833.4 28*523.526*039.6 44*8 21*543.1

58*9

25.536.8

2*12 .5

59.4 16.711.4 16.1 36.632.5

5.6

14.1

12*116.921*9

10.0

6*57.1 7 .8 8*8

4 .2

4 .52 .84*48.23.51*24 .6 2.1 4 .8

7

Table A*Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) l/--Continued

In d ustryNumber of reporting u n its


Injury-frequencyra te s In ju ry - sev e rity ra te s Z /

Average days lo s t or charged per case 2 / Percent of d isab ling in ju r ie s re su ltin g in 2 /Currentyear Previousyear A ll

casesPeraanent-p a r t ia ld is a b il i ty

Temporary-to ta ld is a b il i ty

Death and permanent- to ta ld is a b il i tyPhrmanent-p a r t ia ld isa b ili ty

Temporary-to ta ld isa b iU tyNONMANUFAC TURINGC onti nued

Personal se rv ic esCon.H otels.......................................................... .................. 454 39,928 14.6 16.0 0 .6 38 1,250 14 0*2 0 .8 99.0Medical and o th er p ro fession al s e r v ic e s . . . . . 1(0It. 8,159 4 .3 4.6 (4/) (4 /) W ) (4 /) (4 /) (4 /) (4 /)Miscellaneous personal se rv ic e s 373 1(,586 8 .8 5.2 W > W ) W ) ( /) (5 /) ( /) (5/)

Business se rv ic e s * . . . . . . . 3,393 198,1(25 4*4 3.9 2 50 1,221 15 2 2 .0 97.8Banks and o ther f in a n c ia l agencies. . . . . . 1,163 61,917 2*8 2.1 2 65 1,250 17 .3 2*4 97.5Insurance............................................................ .. 589 105,705 2*0 2 .0 1 32 1,1?5 21 1.0 99.0Real e s t a t e . . . . . . . . ......... .............. 1*36 5.619 6*3 5.5 (4 /) (4/) uj/) (4/) (4/) (4/) (4/)M iscellaneous business se rv ic e s 1(30 H(,389 13.7 12.3 .7 "50 1 ,^ 4 n i 3 1 .8

W )Automobile re p a ir shops and g a r a g e s * . . . . . . . . 1(55 5.196 13.7 13.0 (4/) (4/) (4/) (4/) u / ) (4/)M iscellaneous re p a ir s e rv ic e s * . ............. 320 5,599 28*2 21*9 1*2 44 1,117 12 2.9 97.1Educational s e rv ic es * ............. 29U 138,265 8*2 7 .9 .6 73 1,622 14 5 1.9 97.6F ire departsien ts* .......... ............ 223 31,286 30 J+ 35.5 2 .1 70 1,286 14 .9 4 98*7

173 21,1(00 36*5 32.4 1.6 43 1,820 14 .4 .3 99.3

13,5^8 l(2l(,i(50 1/12.9 3/12*3 1/ .6 49 1,092 13 .3 1.7 98.0

Wholesale d is t r ib u to rs * 3,308 108,1(32 15.6 15.2 .9 58 1,106 13 .4 1.8 97.8R e ta il , general merchandise............. 617 100,920 5 .7 5*8 .1 26 568 15 1 1.0 98.9R eta il apparel and accesso ries* ......................... 1,110 27,787 4 .1 4 .0 1 34 2,150 14 .9 99*1R eta il f o o d * . . . . . . . . ......... .......................... 1,097 28,1(1(2 16.3 13.3 .5 32 463 12 .3 .4 99*3Wholesale and r e t a i l d a iry p ro d u c ts . . . . 445 35,221 27.3 26.9 1 .4 51 1,224 16 2 2.0 97.8Eating and drink ing p la c e s* ..* ................. l,44o 17,812 9 .4 10.8 .3 33 450 12 3 .6 99.1R eta il automobiles and accessories* . 1,321* 26,673 15.5 15.5 6 1,14S 11 2 1*3 98.5F ill in g s ta t io n s * ............. .. 357 U.253 15.6 12.0 (4/) (4/1) (4/) (4/) (4/) W ) (4/3Miscellaneous r e t a i l s t o r e s * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,623 1(0,738 13.4 11.1 *8 56 1,086 ~12 "".4 1 .0 9B.6Wholesale and r e t a i l bu ild ing sup p lies . 816 22,151 28.9 29.1 1.9 66 974 13 3 3.7 96.0Wholesale and r e t a i l trad e combined, notelsewhere c la s s i f ie d * . . . . . 1+11 12,021 15.1 13.6 5 34 300 15 3 1.0 98*7MINING AND QUARRYING 6 /

Coal mines*. . . . . * - 1(53,600 51.8 52.8 (4/> (4/) (4/) (4/) 7 /2 .0 (4/) (4/)Bituminous*. - 38l(,500 49.1 48 .8 (4/) (4/) (4/) (4/) 7 / 2 .2 (4/) (4/)A nthrac ite . - 69,300 67.5 72*5 (/) Q/) /) /) 1 / 1 .4 $ / )

Tbl A.*Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) j / Continued

\ f See Teohnical Notes fo r d efin itions of terns*2 / Based on reports (con stitu ting 60 percent of the to ta l sample) which furnished d eta ils regarding the resulting d is a b ilit ie s*

3 / Weighted averages (See Technical Botes)*\^f Not available or data in s u ffic ie n t to warrant presentation of rate* 5 / Includes data for industries not shown separately*

6 / Campiled by the Bureau of Mines, U* S* Department of the In te r io r ; data represent preliminary estimates based on an average of 80 percent coverage of a l l mining industries*

] / F a ta lit ie s only.0 / Less than 0*05*9 / Includes carpentering, concrete work, excavating and foundation work, wrecking and demolition work, and other speoial trade contractors not elsewhere c la ss if ie d *

W Data not available for a l l Industries in group*Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

27fable BChanges in exposure, disabling in ju ries, and injury ratesfor 51,905 identical reporting u n its, 1950-51

IndustryNumber of reporting units

Percent of change inEmployees

Employee-hoursworked

Disablinginjuries

Total time lost 1/

Injury-frequencyrate

Severity rate 1/

MANUFACTURINGTotal, manufacturing........... T......... 29.621 +8 +8 +13 +8 2/ *A* 2/ *i*Food and kindred products.......... . 3,537 +1 +2 +5 +10 2/ +6 ^ +1+

632 +2 +3 +2 (x/\ -28Dairy products......................... 27it +1 +1 -5 ftOt/) \7/ ) ~-6 (V)Canning and preserving................... 31*7 -1 +2 +12 rii; +10 -16Grain-mill products............... 52k +3 +3 *9 -15 +6 -18C^Ji +2 +2 +11 -199 -5 -9 -6 +56

+7+3 +7625 -6 -17 +63

+53-il +7R

7J1 -6 -12 +L. +18 +10 +701Q7 -1+x (3/) +7+3^77 +26+27 +6

+1V+25667

\ Jf i +2 +11 +c^+5l2Lil + 1 +2 *7+28 +25 +pt+(V)719Malt and malt liquors............ ...... 233 tit +3 -2 \ */ ) +25 -5Wines............. ............... . 92 +10 +5 +1+0 (V) +33 (it/)Distilled liquors.... ....... . 101 -2 -1 -9 +10 -9 +13Miscellaneous food products.............. 233 Q/) +1 +12 +122 +11 +127li|l (3/) +2 -it -22 -it -02

Textile-mill products.,.................. . 2,129 -3 -6 -3 -it 2/ ^ 2/ +6Cotton yarn and textiles............... . 518 +1 -2 4+ +20 -3 +21Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles... 203 -h -7 9 -3 -1 +5Woolen and worsted textiles.............. . 295 -9 -12 +6 -2 +20 +12Knit goods....................... . 532 -6 -7 +2 -1+5 +9 -39Dyeing and finishing textiles............... 266 -k -7 -10 -20 -3 -13Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings.... 71 -10 -15 -19 -23 -it -9Hata (except cloth and millinery)........ 60 -5 -12 -8 +98 +5 +129Cordage and twine ....................... 55 +5 +8 +23 +153 +3it +135Miscellaneous textile goods........... . 129 tit (3/) +3 -27 +3 -23

Apparel and other finished textile products 5/ 1,708 (3/) -2 (3/) +26 (/) (3/) 2/ +28Clothing, menfs and boys..... ....... 590 -1 -5 +6 +22 +11 +21Clothing, wrqpfip t k and ftVp Id nan * s ........... . 703 -2 -3 -11 -3L. -7Pur goods and miscellaneous apparel.........

i \J]J107 46 -2 /ft -8Miscellaneous fabricated textile products.

XV ( 260 +5 +6 +2

\H/ /+85 % ]Lumber and wood produots (except furniture)... 2,070 (3/) (3/) +5 +5 +it 2/ -1T-op-p-inp- ......a,,,................. 198 +7 46 -13 -1 -21Samnills and planing mills 5/ 719 \ j / ) -1 (3/) tit +2 +it (5/)planing mi 11s.................. ........... 133 -3 +15 -20 +20Snwnvi 11a.................................... 311 7-5 *4 -7 +6 -3 +11Sawmills and planing mills, integrated.... 209 +2 *~T+5 +8 +7 74t -2Veneer mills........... ........ ...... hi -2 3 +20 (it/) +23 (V)Mil "1 "worV and ralfited pnndnnts .............. . 528 -2 -h -6 +26 -X +37Mill'wnr'V' and fitrnrehnr&l wnrd products - - - - - 1+51 -2 -it -3 +19 +1 1+22Plywood mills... ................... 77 -2

*4-5 -10 tit2 -5 +62Wood on p.rnrhai riors ........................... 33L +2 +15 +80 +11 +71Miscellaneous wood products......... ..... 291 +11^4+3 +20 +it7 +16

+ /ttit7

Furniture and fixtures 5/ ............. 1,191* -3 -h -2 (3/) 2/ +2 2/ +3Household furniture 892 -8 .9 -7 +h +x +15Household .fumitme, n l . T_......T..T 6!}.l -10 -11 _Q Tit+8 +20Metal household furniture............... h3 -3 -1 7+2 -8 +/ -7Mattresses and bedsprings........... . 208 -2 -6 -3 -9 +3 -1Office furniture........... . 60 +12 +19 +2l+

(t/tit -27Wood office furniture................... 21 +16 +14 +36 $ (li/)Metal offioe furniture................. 39 +11 +20 +19 4+Public-building and professional furniture.. 37 +11 +16 -7 (V) -20 (it/)Partitions and fixtures........... . lio +9 +10 +36 -28 +2!+Screens, shades, and blinds.... 65 -2 -2 -13 (V) - 1 1 (V)


26

Table B.Changes in exposure, disabling in ju ries, and injury ratesfor 51*905 identioal reporting u n its, 1950-51Continued

Industry

Number of reporting units

Percent 1of change in

EmployeesEtaployee-hoursworked

Disablinginjuries

Total time lost 1f

Injuryfrequencyrate

Severity rate 1/

MANITFACTURING-- ContinuedPaper and allied products.......... ........ 1,186 +5 4* +5 +23 2/-1 ^+32Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills.......... 1*28 +1* +1* +5 +65 +2 +65Envelopes ...... ..... ............... . 70 +5 4+ +13 +31* +8 +28Paperboard containers and boxes........... 1*71* +9 +6 +5 -18 -1 -23Miscellaneous paper and allied products.... 21h +5 +6 -1 +39 -7 +30

Printing, publishing, and allied industries... 2,1*11* +2 +2 +12 +7 2/ +11 ^ +8Newspapers and periodicals......... ....... 761 +2 +2 +9 4* +8 -6Bookbinding and related produots.......... 101 (3/) -1 +21 (1*/) +21* (V)Miscellaneous printing auad publishing#..... 1*552 +2 +2 +15 +19 +12 719

Chemicals and allied products...... .... 1*731 +8 +9 +11 +1 2/ +3 / -8Industrial inorganic chemical............. 129 +12 +16 +21* +5 +7 -15Industrial organic chemicals................ 265 +8 +10 +15 -28 +6 -38Plastics, exoept synthetic rubber...... 1*9 +2 +5 -1* (b /) -9 (1*/)Synthetic rubber. ...................... . 18 +1*3 4*1* -2 m -32 (V;Synthetic fibers....................... 21 +2 +2 -16 TOO -H* (V)Explosives........... .......... ....... 35 4*o +1*5 +30 (V) -11 mMiscellaneous industrial organic chemicals lit2 +10 +12 +37 t u * +23 (V)Drugs and medicines...................... 219 +8 +7 +23 +50 +15 755Soap and related product................. . 158 +6 4* +7 -12 +3 -21*Paints, pignents, and related products...... 3l*2 * +3 -2 -3 -5 -6Fertili zer .................... ......... . 355 +2 4* 4* +11 -8 +7Vegetable and animal oils and fats......... 62 +2 +3 +b 4*8 +1 4*9Compressed and liquefied gases....... 1*2 +16 +16 +20 (V) +1* a*/)Miscellaneous ohemicals and allied produots. 159 +1+ 4* +18 +85 +11* 779

Produots of petroleum and ooal:Paving and roofing materials 31* -1 -2 -29 -29 -27 -27

Rubber products....... 263 +5 4* -3 +1 2/-6 2/ -10Tires and inner tubes......... . 36 (3/) (3/) -6 -10 -5 -17Rubber footwear...... 15 718 717 +8 (V) -a (V)Miscellaneous rubber products.............. 212 +5 +5 -3 4* -7 ~-9

Leather and leather products............. 6bh -5 -7 +5 -10 2/ +11* 2/ +7Leather tanning and finishing............. 125 -8 -10 -1* +6 +6 17

1*5 -7 -11 +23 (1*/) +37 (V)Footwear (except rubber).................. 333 *-6 -8 +9 =^26 +20 -18Miscellaneous leather products........ . ll*l +11 +11 +12 -39 +2 4*6Stone, clay, and glass products............. 1,283 +7 +9 +17 -9 2/ *6 2/ -23Glass and glass products.... ............ 215 +5 +6 +11 +21* +5 +19Structural clay products........ . 1*82 +9 +12 +21* -12 +11 -22Pottery and related products.......... . 115 +5 +6 +8 -31 +2 -32Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool.......... 268 +11 +12 +10 -26 -2 -3bCut-stone and stone products.............. 65 -8 -1* +18 (V) +23 (V)Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products.. 138 +13 +17 +21* % +6 ^ 1

1,673 +9 +5 +22 +11* 2/ +12 2/ +20Blast furnaces and steel mills............ 192 +6 -1 +6 +1* +7 +li*Iron and steel foundries.................. 721* +22 +21* +1*1 +31 +H* +12Gray-iron and malleable foundries..... 601 +15 +15 +30 +29 +12 +17Steel foundries ............... 123 +38 +1*6 +79 +39 +22 -3

Nanferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying... 62 +2 -3 8 -1*1* -1* -1*1*Nanferrous foundries..................... 362 +5 +7 +2 +35 -5 +21Miscellaneous primary metal industries. 323 +13 +16 +29 +60 +8 +89

Iron and steel forgings................. 136 +18 +20 +37 -10 +11* -26Wire drawing............. . 1*0 +11 +11* +39 +191 +22 +11*6Welded and heavy-riveted pipe. 31

29Table B.Changes in exposure, disabling in ju ries, and injury ratesfor 51*905 identical reporting u n its , 1950-51Continued

IndustryPercent of ohange in

Number of reporting units Employees

Employee-hours

workedDisablinginjuries

Total time lost 1/

Injuryfrequencyrate

Severity rate 1/

MANTJFACTTTRING Continued Fabricated metal products................... 3,087 +5 +6 +9 +9 2/+3 2/+5Tin cans and other tinware............ . 96 -4 -6 -6 -31 -1 -34Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware......... 432 +3 +3 +11 9 +5 +12Cutlery and edge tools.................. 113 +3 +3 +14 +8 +11 ^4Hand tools, files, and saws....... ..... 160 +26 +50 4-0 +151 +8 +81Hardware..................... ....... . 159 -5 -5 -28 -1 -23Heating and plumbing equipment* ..... . 378 +4 +4 +1 +26 -3 +25Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies...*.. 118

30Table B*--Changes in exposure, disabling in ju ries, and injury ratesfor 51905 identical reporting unius, 1950-51Continued

Number of reporting units

Percent of change in

Industry EmployeesEmployee-hoursworked

Disablinginjuries

Total time lost 1/

Injuryfrequency

rateSeverity rate 1/

MANIJFA CTT7RING ContinuedTransportation equipment............... . 877 +20 +21 +21* +1 2/ +1 2/-9Motor vehicles and equipment****.... 1*32 +5 +3 +5 -11 +1 -12Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers..... 228 +5 +2 +9 -15 +7 -H*Motor-vehicle parts and accessories...... 2QU +6 +5 +1 3 *4* -5

Aircraft and parts..................... . 111 +55 +63 +76 +35 46 -23Aircraft.............................. . 25 +56 +63 +75 +1 +5 -35Aircraft parts........ 86 +51* +62 +79 +99 +11 +15Ship-and boatbuilding and repairing........ 235 +38 +1*1* +31 +25 -8 (37)Shipbuilding and repairing........ 125 4,0 4*6 +31 +21* -10 "-3Boatbuilding and repairing*........ 110 +10 +12 +22 (1*/) +9 0Railroad equipment.... 81 +23 +21 +50 rii* +21, -25

Miscellaneous transportation equipment...... 18 +3 -2 +12 -28 +11* -26Instruments and related products.............. 1*05 +11; +18 +16 +65 ^ - 1* 2/ 496Scientific instruments ..... ..... .Mechanical measuring and controlling

1*0 +56 +75 +93 (V) +11 ~ (V)instruments ........... . 106 +16 +19 +17 +21* -1 46Optical instruments and lenses.. 25 +21 +29 +1*6 (V) +13 (V)Medical instruments and supplies ........ . 109 6 46 -13 +2 -18 ~-i*Ophthalmic goods....... 27 4* +7 48 (1*/) +2Photographic equipment and supplies.... 59 +13 +15 +25 (I*/) *9 (V)Watches and clocks*....*..... 39 +6 +11 +29 +T52 +15 +Tci*

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries*. 920 +1 +1 +5 +13 2/41, 2/ 48Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware....... 100 -5 -10 -1 +3 +10 +17Fabricated plastics products.............. 1I4O +2 +3 -4* -19 +1 -23Brooms and brushes............ ....... . 72 4, +3 +7 +128 +3 +121,Morticians * goods*.... 90 -4* -4* +18 +108 +13 +101Miscellaneous manufacturing*... *....... . 518 +2 +3 +5 +13 +2 +10

Ordnance and accessories........... ......... 29 41* 4*8 +33 +78 -10 +15NONMANFFA CTUH IN G

Construction......................... 3,867 (k /) +12 +10 +33 -2 +19General contractors........ .............. 1,959 (V) +H* +12 +1*1* -2 +26General building contractors* 1,269