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BLSForHealthcareProvidersStudentManual
BasicLifeSupportHandbook
__________
JaneJohn-NwankwoRN,MSN
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BLSFORHEALTHCAREPROVIDERSSTUDENTMANUAL:
BasicLifeSupportHandbook
Copyright2014byJaneJohn-NwankwoRN,MSN
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeanswithoutwrittenpermissionfrom
theauthor.ISBN-13:978-1497343122ISBN-10:1497343127
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
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Dedication
Tomylovinghusband,JohnU.NwankwoPh.D
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OTHERTITLESFROMTHESAMEAUTHOR:
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CNAExamPrep:NurseAssistantPracticeTestQuestions.Vol.OneandTwo
4. PatientCareTechnicianExamReviewQuestions:PCTTestPrep
5. IVTherapy&BloodWithdrawalReviewQuestions
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7. EKGTestPrep
8. PhlebotomyTestPrepVol1,2,&3
9. TheHomeHealthAideTextbook
10. Howtomakeamillioninnursing
AndManyMoreBooks
Visitwww.healthcarepracticetest.com
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ThegoalofCPRistosavelives.Compressionsmustbestartedwithin10secondsofcardiacarrest
SinceitsintroductiontoAmericanphysiciansin1960,CPRhasremainedastapleofemergency
medicine.MorepeoplecontinuetobetrainedinCPRadministrationnotonlyinAmericabutother
countriesinordertosavelives.Intherecenttimes,theAmericanHeartAssociationintroducedthe
hands-onlyCPRwherebyrescueforgorescuebreaths.Despitetheadvancementsmade,the
effectivenessoftheCPRisstilllowinthecountry.Toaddressthechallengetherearecallstointroduce
CPRtraininginschoolsandincreaseaccesstoautomatedexternaldefibrillators.Thisstudyguide
examinesthekeyCPRconcepts.
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WhatisCardio-PulmonaryResuscitation?
CardioPulmonaryResuscitationisanemergencyprocedurethatisperformedtorestore
spontaneousbloodcirculationandbreathinginthevictims.Thepracticeencompassescorecomponents
suchasairwaycontrol,artificialrespirationandcardiacmassage.AccordingtoMistovichandKarren
(2010)Vesaliusiscreditedwiththeearliestaccountofartificialrespirationandairwaycontrol.Lateron,
Tossachconductedthefirstdocumentedresuscitationonaninjuredcoalminer.Theseearlypioneers
popularizedtheconceptofmouth-to-mouthresuscitationbutitwaslaterdisregardedduetohygienic
reasons.Lateronin1800s,LeroydEtiollesintroducedtheideaofmanipulatingthebodytoinduce
ventilation.In1958,Safar,EscarragaandElampublishedanarticlewhichsawthere-introductionofthe
mouth-to-mouthresuscitation(Safar,1989).TheirfindingsweresupportedbytheNationalResearch
CounciloftheNationalAcademyofSciences.The1800ssawtheintroductionofthecardiacmassage.
Earlyinthe20thcentury,GeorgeWashingtonCrilewroteanarticletopopularizethecombinationofthe
thoraciccompression,artificialrespirationandparenteralepinephrineinfusion.
TheCPRprocessisusedtore-startapatientsheartafterithasstoppedpumping.Themain
essenceofCPRistocontinuetopumpbloodtovitalorgans,especiallythebraintopreventbraindeath
whichusuallyoccursinfewminuteswithoutoxygen(whichofcoursethebloodsupplies).Accordingto
HuetherandMcCance(2004)heartfailuremaybecausedbymanyfactorsincludingunhealthylifestyle,
heart-relatedillnesses,accidentsandchronicdiseases.Accordingtotheavailableliterature,CPRhas
beeneffectiveinpatientswhosufferedfromheartattacksecondarytoseverekidneyfailure,cancer,
severeheartfailureandseriousinfection.However,CPRisassociatedwithvarioussideeffects.For
instance,pushingdowntheribbonesmaycausefurtherinjurytothevictimsandsecondly,CPRcan
puncturethelungsorcausedamagetotheotherorgansinthethoraciccavity.
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WhydowehavetodoCPR?
TheCPRprocessisveryimportanttothevictimandiscomposedofseveralfunctions.Thefirst
functionisneutralizinganydangersfromthesurroundings.Therescuershouldensureanyhazardsare
removedandthevictimsarewelltakencareof.Thesecondcomponentischeckingthestatusofthe
victimbyaskingquestionsandifthevictimdoesnotrespondtherescuershouldsendforhelp.Thethird
componentisunblockingtheairwayandcheckingforbreathing.Aftercheckingforbreathing,the
rescueristhensupposedtostartthecompressions.AccordingtoMistovichandKarren(2010)the
rescuershouldfirstadminister30compressionsatarateof2compressionspersecond.Allalong,the
rescuershouldmakesurethevictimsarelyingontheirbacksandtheheadandthechinislifted.The
CPRshouldberepeatedinacycleof30compressionsand2rescuebreaths.Ifthevictimfailsto
respondtotheCPR,anautomatedexternaldefibrillatorshouldbeused.Itisveryparamountthatchest
compressionsbestartedimmediately,notmorethan10secondsfromthetimeofcardiacarrest.Ifyou
dontfeelapulse,orarenotsureyoufeelapulse,startchestcompressions!
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AccordingtoMistovichandKarren(2010)chestcompressionsduringCPRgeneratesmallbut
criticalamountofbloodflowtotheheartandbrain.MistovichandKarren(2010)furthersuggestthat
thequalityofthechestcompressionsdeterminesthesuccessoftheresuscitation.Thephysiologyof
chestcompressionscanbeunderstoodusingtheexternal;cardiacmassageandthoracicpumpmodels.
AccordingtoHuetherandMcCance(2004),externalcardiacmassagecompressesthecardiacstructures
henceforcingthebloodtocirculate.Ontheotherhand,thethoracicpumpmodelsuggeststhatchest
compressionsincreasetheglobalintra-thoracicpressure.DuringtheCPRprocessthebrainis
susceptibletothedecreasedbloodflowandcouldsufferfromirreversibledamagewithinfiveminutes
ofabsentperfusion.Chestcompressionsensurebloodcirculatestothebrainsandothersusceptible
organssuchasthemyocardium(themusclesoftheheart).
TheappropriatewaytodocompressionsGiventheimportanceofthe
chestcompressions,itisimportantthattherescueradministersthemintherightmanner.Chest
compressionsaresupposedtobeforcefulandshouldbeadministeredonthelowerhalfofthesternum.
Thevictimshouldbeplacedinasupinepositionwhiletherescuerkneelsbesidethevictimschest.For
compressiveforcetobeeffective,thepatientsshouldbeplacedinafirmsurface.Inaddition,
interruptionsofchestcompressionsshouldbeavoidedandtherescuershouldtakemaximumcarenotto
dislodgelinesandtubes.Therescuershouldplacethedominanthandonthecenterofthevictimschest.
Theheelofhisorherhandsshouldbepositionedinthemidlineandalignedwiththelongaxisofthe
sternum.Thenon-dominanthandshouldbeplacedoverthedominantone,withthefingerselevatedoff
thepatientsribs.Thisarrangementensurestherescuerisabletoapplyenough
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compressiveforceandtominimizedamageoftheribs.The
rescuershouldavoidapplyingforceoverthexiphisternum(tipofthesternum)andtheupperabdomen.
Whileapplyingpressureonthevictimschest,therescuershouldkeephisarmsstraightandextended.
Therescuersshouldersshouldbepositionedverticallyabovethevictimschesttoensuremaximizethe
effectivenessofthecompressiveforces.Inthearticletitled,techniqueforchestcompressionsinadult
CPR,Rajab,Conrad,CohnandSchmitto(2011)suggeststhatchestcompressionsshouldbedeliveredat
arateofatleast100perminuteandanyinterruptionsshouldbeavoided.Inthesamearticle,Rajab,
Conrad,CohnandSchmitto(2011)arguethatcompressiondepthshouldbemaintainedat5cmandthe
rescuershouldallowthevictimschesttorecoilcompletely.Inaddition,therescuershouldavoid
removinghisorherhandsfromthevictimschest,inordertomaintaintherightcompressiondepth.
Therescuershouldobserveadutycycleof50%andthecompressorshouldberotatedeverytwo
minutes.ChestcompressionisterminatedafterthepatientrecoversorwhentheEmergencyResponse
TeamarrivestocontinueACLS(AdvancedCardioVascularLifeSupport).TheBLS
SurveyTheAmericanHeartAssociation
recommendstrainingofpersonstoequipthemwiththenecessaryskillstosavelives.Receivingthe
CPRtraininggivestherescuerstheabilitytoperformbasicactivitiessuchasrestoringtheblood
circulation,clearingtheairway,andconductingrescuebreathing.Oneofthemajorcomponentsofthe
BLSsurveyischeckingtheresponsivenessofthepatientbytappingorshouting.Therescuerisalso
supposedtodeterminewhetherthepatientisbreathingornot.Todeterminewhetherthepatientis
breathingornot,therescuershouldlistenforbreathsounds.Alternatively,therescuershouldusethe
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cheekstofeeltheflowofairfromthepatientsbreaths.ThenextkeycomponentoftheBLSsurveyis
activatingtheemergencyresponsesystemandobtaininganautomatedexternaldefibrillator(AED).
Accordingtotheacceptableprinciples,therescuerisrequiredtoactivatetheEmergencyResponse
SystemandbegintheCPRafterestablishingthatthepatientisunresolvedandisunabletobreathe.
Anotherkeystepischeckingforthecarotidpulses.Ifthepatientisunresponsiveorifheorsheisnot
breathingwell,therescuershouldtakenotmorethan10secondsincheckingforapulse.Intheabsence
ofapulse,chestcompressionsshouldbeadministeredimmediately.Assuggestedbythe2010s,AHA
guidelinesforCPRandECC,therescuershouldadheretotheC-A-Bsequence(Compressions-Airway-
Breathing).ThelastcomponentoftheBLSsurveyisdefibrillation.AdefibrillatororAEDisusedto
checkforashockablerhythmandisnormallyusedintheabsenceofapulse.
Pocketmasks
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Asearlierindicated,mouth-to-mouthresuscitationisthecornerstoneoftheCPR.However,there
isreluctancebythemedicalprofessionalstousethistypeofresuscitation.Oneofthecommonreasons
givenbynursesandthephysiciansisthefearofcontractingdiseasesandinfections.Theirobservations
aresupportedbyastudyconductedbyHandley(2002)whichshowsthatHIVtransmissioncanoccur
duetotrauma,orallesionsandcontactwithblood.Itisforthisreason,thatthemedicalpractitionersare
advisedtocarrypocketmasks.Pocketmasksareconsideredtobeeffectiveindeliveringrescuebreaths
tothepatientduringcardiacorrespiratoryarrest.Thepocketmaskshaveapre-inflatedcufftoprovide
aneffectivesealaroundthemouthandthenose.Theone-wayvalvereducecontaminationwhilethein-
linefilter,filterstheair.Apocketmaskalsohasanoxygeninletporttodeliverhigh-flowoxygentothe
patient.Thepocketmaskisplacedonthepatientsfacewiththebaseofthemaskrestingbetweenthe
casualtyschinandthelowerlip.Themasksarere-usablebutthefiltersandthevalveshouldbe
discardedafteruse.AccordingtoHandley(2002)themasksarepreferredastheycreateacomfortable
distancebetweenthepatientandtherescuer.Thedevicealsoallowstherescuertoobservethechest
movementsandmonitorthepatient.
However,whilepocketmasksarepreferredbythemedicalpractitioners,astudyconductedby
Adelborgetal(2011)indicatesthatmouth-to-mouthventilationissuperiortomouth-to-pocketmasks.
Inthisstudy,Adelborgetal(2011)usedasampleof60lifeguardstoperformthreesessionsofsingle
rescuerCPR.AccordingtoAdelborgetal(2011)significantlymoreventilationweredeliveredbythe
mouth-to-mouthventilationscomparedtothemouth-to-pocketmasks.Butforsafetyandhealthcare
reasons,Mouthtomaskbreathingisresortedto.
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Usingthebagmask Thisdeviceprovidespositive
pressureventilationtothepatients,andmadeupofabagandvalvecombinations.Bagmaskshave
provedtobeeffectiveinairwaymanagementandprovidingpatientswithenoughair.Bagmaskscome
indifferentsizesandaretheresponsibilityoftherescuerstochoosethemostappropriateone.Bag
masksareeitherattachedtotheoxygentankordrawroomair.Thedeviceisoperatedbyonewhereby
therescuerholdholdstheBVMwithonehand,whiletheotherhandcompressesthebagdeliveringthe
oxygen.Thetwo-personbagventilationmaskhasbeenshowntobemoreeffectivethanasingly-
operatedbagmaskindeliveringgreatertidalvolumesandintroducinglessairleak.Whenusingabag
mask,oneisrequiredtopositionhimselforherselfabovethevictimshead.Therescuerthenplacesthe
maskonthevictimsheadandholdsitinpositionusingtheE-Cdevice.Oncethemaskisinplace,the
rescueristhenrequiredtopressthebagandwatchforthechestrise.
OnerescuerCPRand2rescuersCPR
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TherearetwobasicwaysofperformingCPR:1-personCPRandthe2-personCPR.Ofthetwo
techniques,the2-PersonCPRisthebest,asthevictimisabletoreceiveenoughairvolumeandisless
tiring.Oneoftherescuersadministersthechestcompressionswhiletheotherperformstherescue
breaths.Alternatively,thetworescuerscanswitchabouteverytwominutes.
AdultCPRandChildCPRandInfantCPR
Inallthepatients,thechestcompressionrateandthesequenceisthesame:Atleast100
compressionsperminute.Inaddition,duringtheCPR,chestwallrecoilshouldbeallowedbetween
compressionsandinterruptionshouldbelimitedtolessthan10seconds.ThewayCPRisadministered
variesaccordingtotheage.TheCPRprocedurevariesamongtheadults,childrenandtheinfantsand
thesedifferencesareshowninthetablebelow.
CPRCOMPONENT
ADULTS CHILDREN INFANTS
ActivatingEMSandgettinganAED
CallforhelpandifalonephoneEMSimmediately
Callforhelpbutifalone,phoneEMSaftergiving5cyclesofCPR
Callforhelpbutifalone,phoneEMSaftergiving5cyclesofCPR
COMPRESSIONDEPTH
5CM
5CM
4CM
COMPRESSION-VENTILATIONRATIO
30:21or2rescuers
30:2Singlerescuer15:22rescuers
30:2Singlerescuer15:22rescuers
Compressionlocation
Centreofchest Centreofchest Justbelownipplelineonbreastbone
Compressionmethod
2hands:heelof1hand,otherhandontop
2fingers:middleandringor2thumbs
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1hand.Or2handsifthechildisobese.heelof1hand,otherhandontop
WhiletheaboveshowsthedifferencesinCPRentitiesthereareanumberofCPRcomponents
thatarecommonamongtheadults,childrenandtheinfants.Onesuchcomponentisthetypeofthe
response.Itistheroleoftherescuertoensurethattheenvironmentissafeenoughandtoestablishifthe
victimisresponsiveornot.Tocheckforbreathingandopentheairway,therescuerisrequiredtotiltthe
chinandshouldnottakemorethanfiveminutestocheckforthevisualcuessuchaschestrise.
Compressionrateinadults,childrenandtheinfantsshouldbemaintainedatarateofatleast100
compressionsperminutewhilethecompressionventilationrationshouldbeheldat30:2.However,for
thedrowningpatients,CPRsequenceshouldstartwith2initiationbreathsbeforechestcompressions.
Rescuebreathing
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Althoughsomeoftheinstructorsmaynotemphasizeonrescuebreathing,itisconsidered
importantinresuscitatingthepatients.Twobreathsareadministeredforevery30chestcompressions.
Tobreatheairintothepatient,therescuerpincheshisorhernoseandtheclosesonthevictimsmouth.
Therescuerbreathesslowlyintothevictimleadingtotherisingofthechest.However,astudy
conductedbyReaetal(2010)insiststhatthereisnoneedofrescuebreathingiftherescuersarenot
competentenough.Thesefindingsarecapturedinarandomizedtrialwhere981oftheparticipants
receivedchestcompressiononlywhile960receivedchestcompressionplusrescuebreathing.Intheend
Reaetal(2010)concludedthatadministeringchestcompressionsaloneespeciallyincancerpatients
increasestheoverallsurvivalrate.
Chokingforaninfant
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Chokingisverycommoninsmallchildrenandiscausedbyswallowingofhugechunksoffood.
Someoftheotherobjectsthatsmallchildrenchokeoninclude:buttons,carrotsandtoys.Symptomsof
chokinginchildrenincludehighpitchedbreathing,coughing,colorchangesandlackofbreathing.
Chokingininfantsistreatedusingbackslapsandchestthrusts.Toadministerthebackslapsthebabyis
supportedusingonehand,facingupsidedown.Thebabyisplacedonthelapsandthebackslapsare
thenadministeredusingtheheelofhand.Ontheotherhand,chestthrustsareadministeredwiththe
babyfacingup.Thechestthrustsareappliedusingtwofingersjustbelowthenippleline.So,fivechest
thrusts,thenfivebackslaps(Onecycle).Fivecyclesmustbedone.Afterthefifthcycle,theinfants
mouthisopenedtoseeiftheobjecthasbecomevisible.Iftheobjecthasbecomevisible,itiscarefully
removed.Blindsweepingshouldneverbeattempted.Ifitisnotvisible,continuethebackslapsand
chestthrustsuntilhelparrives.Ifchestbecomesunresponsive,commenceCPR.
Chokingforanadult
Chokinginadultsoccurswhenfoodsandothersolidspartiallyorcompletelyblocktheairway.
Accordingtotheavailablestatistics,chokingisaleadingcaseofhomeinjurydeathintheUnitedStates
andadultsareatanincreasedriskofchokingduetodentalproblemsandage-relatedillness.
Othercausesofchokinginclude:
-eatingtoofast
-talkingwithfoodinthemouth
-wearingdenturesandeatingfoodswithwrongtexture.
Symptomsofchokinginclude:
-inabilitytotalk,coughing,faintingandclutchingofbothhandstothethroat,usuallyreferredto
theuniversalchokingsign.
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Inadultsandchildrenchokingistreatedusingbackblowsandabdominalthrusts.Blowsand
thrustsareadministereduntiltheobstructionisdislodged.Toapplytheblows,thevictimismadeto
benduntilheorsheisnearparalleltotheground.Thevictimissupportedwithonearmandthenthe
backblowsareadministeredbetweentheshoulderblades.Alternatively,abdominalthrustsshouldbe
given,orchestthrustsiftheindividualispregnant.
Conclusion
CPRisanimportantcomponentofemergencyresponseandleadstosignificantsurvivalratesof
thepatients.Despiteitssuccesssomeoftheproceduresarestillarchaicandinfringeontherightsofthe
rescuers.Forthisreason,thereisneedtoaddresssomeoftheconcernsraisedbythemedical
practitionersandconductextensiveresearchinordertosimplifytheentireprocess.Thebestthingone
candoforanunresponsiveindividualistostartchestcompressionsbeforehelparrives.THATSINGLE
ACTCANSAVETHEVICTIMSLIFE!!!References
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Adelborg,K.,Dalqas,C.,Grove,E.,Jorqensen,C.,Al-Mashhadi,R.&Lofqren,B.(2011).
Mouth-to-mouthventilationissuperiortomouth-to-pocketmaskandbag-valvemaskventilation
duringlifeguardCPR:arandomizedstudy.Resuscitation,82(5),618-622
Handley,A.J.(2002).Teachinghandplacementforchestcompression--asimplertechnique.
RESUSCITATION,53(1),29-36
Huether,S.,&McCance,K.L.(2004).Understandingpathophysiology.StLouis:Mosby
Mistovich,J.J.,&Karren,K.J.(2010).Pre-hospitalemergencycare.NewJersey:Pearson
education
Rajab,T.,Pozner,C.,Conrad,C.,Cohn,L.&Schmitto,J.(2011).Techniqueforchest
compressionsinadultCPR.WorldJournalofEmergencySurgery,6,41
Safar,P.(1989).Initiationofclosed-chestcardiopulmonaryresuscitationbasiclifesupport.A
personalhistory.Resuscitation,18,720.
ReviewQuestions
1.
WhatdoesCPRstandfor?a.CardioPrecisionRescueb.CardioPulmonaryResuscitationc.CriticalPulmonaryResuscitationd.CriticalPrecisionResuscitation
2.
WhatisthepurposeofCPR?a.Torestorespontaneousbloodcirculationonlyb.Torestorespontaneousbreathingc.Torestorespontaneousbloodcirculationandbreathingd.Torestoreconsciousness
3.
WhatisthemainessenceofCPR?a.Toprovideoxygentothelungsviamouthtomouthb.Toprovidebloodtothelungstotransportoxygenc.Toprovideelectricalstimulationtotheheartd.Tocontinuetopumpbloodtothevitalorgansandthebrain
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4. WhichofthefollowingmaybeasideeffectofCPR?
a.CPRmaybreakribsandpuncturethelungsorotherthoracicorgansb.CPRmaycauseaheadwoundc.CPRmaycauseaheadwoundandbruisetheribsd.Alloftheabove
5.
ThefirststepinCPRisto:a.Startchestcompressionsb.Startwithrescuebreathsc.Unblocktheairwaysd.Neutralizeanydangersfromthesurroundings
6.
Afterthefirststepisaccomplishedyoushould:a.Startchestcompressionsb.Startrescuebreathsc.Checkthevictimforresponsivenessd.Noneoftheabove
7.
Howlongcanthebrainsurvivewithoutoxygen?a.Afewhoursb.Afewminutesc.Afewdaysd.noneoftheabove
8.
WhichaspectofCPRdeterminesthesuccessofresuscitation?a.Qualityofchestcompressionsb.Numberofrescuebreathsc.SpeedofCPRd.ThemuscletoneofthepersonprovidingCPR
9.
Thebraincouldsufferdamagefromdecreasedbloodflowinhowmanyminutes?a.3minutesb.5minutesc.7minutesd.10minutes
10.
Whereshouldcompressionsbeadministeredonthebody?a.Ontheupperhalfofthesternumb.Ontheabdomenc.Onthelowerhalfofthesternumd.Onthecollarbone
11.
Thenon-dominanthandshouldbeplaced:a.Inthemiddleofthesternumwithfingersontheribs
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b.Overthedominanthandwithfingerselevatedoffoftheribsc.Underthedominanthandwithfingerselevatedoffoftheribsd.Ontheupperhalfofthesternum
12.
Therescuershouldavoidapplyingforceonthe:a.Upperabdomenb.Thexiphisternumc.Thelowersternumd.AandBonly
13.
Howmanycompressionsshouldyouperformperminute?a.50b.75c.100d.Noneoftheabove
14.
Compressorsshouldbeswitchedout:a.Every30secondsb.Every2minutesc.Everyminuted.Every5minutes
15. Compressiondepthshouldbe:a.2cmb.5cmc.7cmd.1inch
16.
Thechestshould:a.Recoilcompletelyduringcompressionsb.Notrecoilduringcompressionsc.Recoilhalfwayduringcompressionsd.Noneoftheabove
17.
Whenshouldcompressionsbeterminated?a.Neverb.After2minutesofcompressionsc.Afterthepatientrecoversd.After3minutes
18.
Inordertofindoutifthepatientisbreathingyoushould:a.Askthepatientifhe/sheisbreathingb.Listenorfeelforbreathingc.Askabystanderifthepatientisbreathingd.ChecktheAEDreadout
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19. WhichofthefollowingisinvolvedinCPR?
a.Clearingtheairwayb.Restoringbloodcirculationc.Conductingrescuebreathingd.Alloftheabove
20.
Howlongshouldyoutaketocheckforapulse?a.Notmorethan10secondsb.15secondsc.Notmorethan20secondsd.Noneoftheabove
21.
WhatisthelastcomponentoftheBLSsurvey?a.Chestcompressionsb.Rescuebreathingc.Defibrillationd.Tappingandshouting
22.
Whenisadefibrillatorused?a.Absenceofbreathb.Absenceofpulsec.Absenceofconsciousnessd.Absenceofthesoul
23.
Whichofthefollowingisareasonthatpeoplearesometimeshesitanttoperformmouthtomouth?a.Possibilityofsalivaswappingb.Possibilityofvomitc.Possibilityofcontractingadiseased.Possibilityofbeingcaughtbyaspouse
24.
Whataremedicalprofessionalsadvisedtodoinordertopreventcontractingadisease?a.NeverperformCPRb.Carryanduseapocketmaskc.TeachsomeoneelsetodoCPRd.Noneoftheabove
25.
Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofapocketmask?a.Pre-inflatedcufftoprovideasealaroundthemouthandnoseb.Onewayvalvetopreventcontaminationc.Anin-linefiltertofiltertheaird.Alloftheabove
26.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?a.Themaskisnotreusable
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b.Themaskisreusable,butmustbesterilizedc.Themaskisreusable,butthefilterandvalveshouldbediscardedafterused.Thefilterandvalvearereusable,buttherestofthemaskisnot
27.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrue?a.Studiessuggestthatmasksarejustaseffectiveasmouthtomouthb.Studiessuggestthatmouthtomouthisstillsuperiortomasksc.Studiessuggestthatmasksaresuperiortomouthtomouthd.Studiessuggestthatlettingsomeoneelsedomouthtomouthismosteffective
28.
WhichisthebestwaytoperformCPR?a.TwopeopleperformingCPRb.OnepersonperformingCPRc.Usingadefibrillatord.Anyoftheabove
29.
IfyouarealonewithachildorinfantwhoneedsCPR,whenshouldyoucallforhelp?a.BeforebeginningCPRb.Aftergiving5fullcyclesofCPRc.Aftergiving10fullcyclesofCPRd.After1fullcycleofCPR
30.
HowshouldyouadministerCPRtoaninfant?a.Withtwohandsb.Withonehandc.Withtwofingersd.Noneoftheabove
31.
HowshouldyouadministerCPRtoanaveragesizedchild?a.Withtwohandsb.Withonehandsc.Withtwofingersd.Noneoftheabove
32.
Indrowningpatients,CPRshouldbeginwith:a.Chestcompressionsb.Defibrillationc.Tworescuebreathsd.Noneoftheabove
33.
Howoftenshouldarescuebreathbeadministered?a.Twobreathsforeverythirtycompressionsb.Onebreathforevery15compressionsc.Threebreathsforeveryfivecompressionsd.Twobreathsforevery50compressions
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34. Whichofthefollowingisasymptomofchoking?
a.Highpitchedbreathingb.coughingc.Colorchangesd.Alloftheabove
35.
Howisachokinginfanttreated?a.TheHeimlichmaneuverb.CPRc.Backslapsandchestcompressionsd.Alloftheabove
36.
Afterfivecyclesoftreatingachokinginfantyoushould:a.Blindsweepofthebackofthethroatb.Lookintothemouthtoseeiftheobjectisvisiblec.Usetweezerstoattempttofindtheobjectd.Useasticktoattempttodislodgetheobject
37.
Howischokingtreatedinchildrenandadults?a.Backblowsandabdominalthrustsb.Backblowsonlyc.Turnthepersonupsidedowntodislodgetheobjectd.CPR
38.
Whichofthefollowingisasignofchokingamongstadults?a.Inabilitytotalkb.Clutchingthethroatc.Coughingorfaintingd.Alloftheabove
39.
Whendoeschokingoccur?a.Whenbreathingstopsforunknownreasonsb.Whenbloodcirculationstopsforunknownreasonsc.Whenanobjectcompletelyorpartiallyblockstheairwayd.Whenthebrainceasestofunction
40.
Ifachokingvictimispregnantoneshould:a.Performabdominalthrustsb.Performmouthtomouthc.PerformCPRd.Performchestthrusts
AnswerKey1. B
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2. C3. D4. A5. D6. C7. B8. A9. B10. C11. B12. D13. C14. B15.
B16. A17. C18. B19. D20. A21. C22. B23. C24. B25. D26. C27. B28.
A29. B30. C31. B32. C33. A34. D35. C36. B37. A38. D39. C40. D
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OTHERTITLESFROMTHESAMEAUTHOR:
1. WorkAtHomeJobsForNurses&OtherHealthcareProfessionals
2. NursesRomanceSeries
3.
CNAExamPrep:NurseAssistantPracticeTestQuestions.Vol.OneandTwo
4. PatientCareTechnicianExamReviewQuestions:PCTTestPrep
5. ACLSProviderManual
6. MedicalAssistantTestPreparation
7. EKGTestPrep
8. PhlebotomyTestPrepVol1,2,&3
9. TheHomeHealthAideTextbook
10. Howtomakeamillioninnursing
AndManyMoreBooks
Visitwww.healthcarepracticetest.com
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DedicationOTHER TITLES FROM THE SAME AUTHOR:The goal of CPR is
to save lives. Compressions must be started within 10 seconds of
cardiac arrestWhat is Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation?Why do we have
to do CPR?The appropriate way to do compressionsThe BLS
SurveyPocket masksUsing the bag maskOne rescuer CPR and 2 rescuers
CPRAdult CPR and Child CPR and Infant CPRRescue breathingChoking
for an infantChoking for an adultConclusionReferencesReview
QuestionsAnswer Key
