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� BLP Windmill Sustainable Pump Irrigation System and Hybrid Solar
Electricity System
Typical Set-up of the Hybrid Energy System and Sustainable Pump Irrigation.
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Municipalities Rice Areas (hectares)
Irrigated Rainfed Upland Total
Allen 236 138 - 374
Biri - 137 - 137
Bobon 40 1558 - 1598
Capul 136 235 - 371
Catarman 97 2926 - 3023
Catubig 73 5480 - 5553
Gamay 22 731 - 753
Laoang 11 4833 - 4844
Lapinig - 310 - 310 Las Navas - 4708 - 4708
Lavezares 278 805 - 1083
Lope de Vega - 12 - 12
Mapanas 156 21 70 247
Mondragon 99 2029 - 2128
Palapag 22 2101 - 2123
Pambujan 10 1675 4 1689
Rosario 51 112 - 163 San Antonio - 112 - 112
San Isidro 69 84 - 153
San Jose 300 780 - 1080
San Roque 116 1001 8 1125
San Vicente - 22 - 22
Silvino Lobos - - - -
Victoria 106 172 - 278 Grand Total 1822 29982 82 31886
Table 1. Rice areas per municipality in the Province of Northern Samar as
reported by the Provincial Agriculture Office in Catarman, Northern Samar.
The data shows that a very large portion yet of the agricultural area in the
province is still at the mercy of rainfall. This means that most of the farms in
the area still practice one (1) cropping per year and that is only during the
rainy season. This means that farming areas in Northern Samar are still
underutilized because in other regions of the country farmers already
practice three (3) cropping per year or five (5) cropping in two years as a
result of having functional irrigation facilities.
The National Irrigation Administration (NIA) has already built a number of
water impounding projects in the province. Presently, there is a billion peso
water impounding project that is under construction for the rice production
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areas in Catubig and Las Navas, Northern Samar.
However, the construction of an impounding project is not always feasible
because this requires an enclosed low-lying area called reservoir, where water should be stored and a watershed that will collect the rainfall to be
stored in the reservoir. The reservoir should be located above the service
are (area to be irrigated) to allow gravity flow of water to said service area.
There are a lot of agricultural area which do not have these physical
requirements needed in order to build a water impounding project.
Recently, the Department of Agriculture (DA) introduced the so-called
Shallow Tube Well (STW) technology. The STW is a well that penetrates the
shallow unconfined aquifer, the geologic formation that extends as deep
as 20 meters (65 ft) below the ground. Ground water inside the well is lifted
up to the ground surface using a pump that is run by either an internal
combustion engine or a motor.
As early as 1982, the National Water resources Council, now National Water
Resources Board, has already produced a Groundwater Map for the
Province of Northern Samar (Figure 1) through its project entitled “Rapid
Assessment of Water Supply Sources in the Philippines.”
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Figure 1. Ground water map of Northern Samar, Philippines produced by
the National Water Resources Board (1982).
The DA technology benefited the farmers for awhile, but sooner problems started to crop up especially when the engine started to breakdown. The
farmers do not have appropriate training on the repairs and maintenance
of engines. The constantly escalating fuel prices further increased the cost of production, leaving very little income to the farmers. Some farmers
wanted to shift to the motor as their pump's prime mover instead of the
engine, but to no avail. Their STWs are very, very far from the existing
electrical lines in their area. Moreover, a vast hectare of crop production
areas in Northern Samar, in particular, and the whole country, in general,
are still without the much needed irrigation facilities because the Philippine
Government lacks funds for this purpose.
During these times when fuel prices increase almost every week, the use of
non-conventional energy, such a wind and solar energy, is becoming
popular. The Ad Hoc Panel of the Advisory Committee on Technology
Innovation (1976) revealed that the direct conversion of the visible part of
the solar spectrum – sunlight – to electricity is perhaps the neatest and most
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aesthetically pleasing of all scheme for the exploitation of solar energy.
They claimed that direct photovoltaic conversion can be achieved with
basically simple devices that involve no moving parts, no additional sources
of energy, and little, if any maintenance. They explained that the
photovoltaic devices, which have become known as solar cells, are based
on the properties of certain crystalline solids that enable these materials to
supply an electric current capable of performing useful work when the material is exposed to sunlight. The very properties that make solar cells
attractive for use in developing countries area simplicity, low weight,
efficiency, reliability and lack of moving parts.
As to wind energy, the Ad Hoc Panel of the Advisory Committee on
Technology Innovation (1976) reported that wind was one of the earliest
sources of power used to multiply the productive capacity of human
beings. They revealed that on land I has served a variety of purposes which include:
• Pumping fresh water for domestic livestock and agricultural needs;
• Irrigating fields;
• Powering agricultural tasks, such as grinding corn, wheat and
sugarcane and threshing, chaff cutting and winnowing;
• Cutting wood;
• Pumping saline water in saltworks; and
• Generating electricity for a variety of purposes.
They confirmed that a variety of windmills is currently available, either
commercially or in the form of working prototypes that could be easily
manufactured as a market develops. A number of windmill designs are
available that villagers themselves can construct, often utilizing locally
available materials, they added.
The Philippines is now, little by little, embracing these power sources. In
Cagayan de Oro City, Mindanao, a solar-powered electric company is
already operational. In the Ilocos Region, especially in its coastal areas,
people have resorted to the use of windmills to generate electrical power
for household use. These systems are very much environment friendly,
through their initial investment cost is quite high.
Just like in the different parts of the Philippine archipelago, Northern Samar
is endowed with good amount of solar and wind energy but not sustained
throughout the year. In this province, solar energy is abundant during the
dry season, whereas wind energy dominates during the rainy season during
which significant number of storms, inter-tropical convergence zone and
typhoons occur. Figures 2 and 3 show the monthly average wind speed
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(m/sec) and sunshine duration (hours) observed at the UEP-PCARRD-DOST-
PAGASA Agro-meteorological station in Catarman, Northern Samar, the
capital town of Northern Samar, which is located almost midway of the
distance between the eastern and western top of the province. The figures
clearly indicated that neither wind run nor solar radiation alone will provide
a sustainable supply of energy for a year-round pumping of irrigation water
in this part of the country. However, a conjunctive use of solar and wind energy could possibly provide a constant supply of energy for said purpose.
A “Hybrid Energy System” consisting of solar cells and a windmill, is being
proposed as the energy supplier to water pumping units to be installed in
Northern Samar.
In view of these circumstances, the Bagong Lahing Pilipino, Inc., Northern
Samar Chapter, would like to propose a project called “Installation of
Irrigation Pumping Units in Northern Samar Powered by a Hybrid Energy System” in order to help the poor farmers of Northern Samar in their crop
production activities, especially for lowland rice farming.
Figure 2. Average estimated wind speed (km/h) at 10 meters high above
the ground service at the UEP-PCARRD-DOST Agrometeorological Station.
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Figure 3. Average sunshine duration (min) measured by a sunshiine recorder
at the UEP-PCARRD-DOST Agrometeorological Station.
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
This project entitled “Sustainable Pump Irrigation System Development
Project (SPISDP) generally aims to provide irrigation pumps, operated by a
combination of solar and wind power, to the poor farmers of Northern
Samar in order to increase cropping intensity in their respective farms to at
least 200% (2 cropping per year).
Specifically, this project will:
1. Improve the productivity of the rice farms in Northern Samar,
especially those owned and/or tilled by very poor farmers.
2. Provide crop insurance against short duration droughts that may
happen form time to time in Northern Samar, may reduce crop yields
and eventually farmers' income. 3. Assist the Philippine Government in implementing its food security
programs in Northern Samar, in particular and the whole country, in
general.
4. Boost the morale and empower poor farmers.
5. Encourage the unemployed workforce of the country to embrace
farming as their occupation and source of livelihood.
6. To generate employment opportunities for the BLPDFI members in
Northern Samar, especially for their sons and daughters who are
already professionals.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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This project is a socio-economic enhancement project for the lower income
group of the Philippines population, but unsung heroes of the society, the
farmers. Basically, the project includes the following: (1) design and fabrication of a hybrid energy system, (2) drilling and development of water
wells, (3) installation of water pumping units, (4) establishment of a Project
Management Center (PMC), (5) training of farmer-beneficiaries in the
operation and maintenance of the pump and the hybrid energy system
and (6) the conduct of research studies to sustain the economic life and
efficiency of the pumping units.
To realize the different components of the project, a Project Development Center (PDC), shown in Figure 4, will be established in a ¼ hectare (50m x
50m) area that will contain a 225 m² (15m x 15m) project management
office, a 150 m² (10m x 15m) training hall, a 150 m² (10m x 15m) supply room,
a 525 m² (15m x 35m) shop and a 225 m² (15m x 15m) garage. The center
should have a 10 kVA electric generators as its emergency power supply
and a water system that will be run by the hybrid power system. The center
will be enclosed by a steel fence on a concrete base.
The project management office will be responsible for the success of the
project. Activities will be conducted from time to time at the training hall.
The supplies, both office and hardware, will be kept in the supply room for
easier accounting. The shop will be responsible for the fabrication of the
metallic parts of the hybrid energy system, especially those that requires
greater accuracy. Of course, the vehicles of the project will be kept during
nighttime at the garage.
The hybrid energy system is a combination of the wind and solar energy
systems. The wind energy consists of a windmill, governor assembly,
transmission assembly, handbrake and tower. The solar energy system
consists of several solar panels, storage batteries, power-conditioning
equipment and accessories.
The pumping unit that will be installed in farmers' fields will consist of a
centrifugal pump, electric motor, GI pipes and well casing. Of course, before the installation of the unit, well drilling and development will be
undertaken. Figure 5 shows a typical set-up of the hybrid energy system.
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Figure 4. The Project Management Center of the BLP Northern Samar
Chapter.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
This project will be formally implemented starting January 2006, although
pre-implementation activities, such as establishment of the Project
Development Center, purchase of equipment and vehicle, identification of farmer-beneficiaries and other activities will start by August 2005. The actual
project implementation will last for ten (10) years (CY 2006—2015) as shown
in the table below. By December 2015, it is expected that the project should
have at least installed 900 pumping Units Powered by the Hybrid Energy
System in Northern Samar.
Year of Implementation Number of Pumping Units to be
Installed
2006 30
2007 70
2008 100
2009 100
2010 100
10
2011 100
2012 100
2013 100
2014 100
2015 100
Total 900
To successfully realize this project, the agencies involved therein shall have the following roles and responsibilities:
A. Bagong Lahing Pilipino Development Foundation, Inc., National Chapter
(BLPDFI-NC)
1. To review the project proposal submitted by the BLPDFI-NS chapter
and suggest revisions if necessary.
2. To approve the project proposal and to release the funds needed for
its implementation.
3. To conduct periodic monitoring of the status of the project
implementation and undertake annual review of the
accomplishments and financial conditions of the project.
B. Bagong Lahing Pilipino Development Foundation, Inc., Northern Samar
Chapter (BLPDFI-NS)
1. To submit the project proposal to the BLPDFI-NC and make regular follow-ups on the status of said proposal until its final approval and
the release of project funds.
2. To receive the project funds released by the BLPDFI-NC and deposit it
under BLPDFI-NS chapter in a reputable bank in Catarman, Norther
Samar, as agreed upon by all the members of the BLPDFI-NS chapter.
3. To see to it that project funds are really spent for the implementation
of the project in Northern Samar and are properly accounted and
audited.
4. To undertake the different activities involved in the implementation of
the project in collaboration with their technical consultants from the
Agricultural Engineers' Development Cooperative. 5. To manage the implementation of the project and operation of the
Project Management Center.
6. To hire the needed staff and construction workers of the project in
consultation with the technical consultants.
7. To pay for the services rendered to the project by the technical
consultants, project staff and construction workers.
8. To submit reports on financial status and project accomplishments to
the BLPDFI-NC regularly.
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C. Technical Consultants (AEDC)
1. To prepare a project proposal entitled “Sustainable Pump Irrigation
System Development Project” that is to be submitted by the BLPDFI-NS to the BLPDFI-NC for funding purposes.
2. To extend technical assistance and expertise for the successful
implementation of the aforementioned project of the BLPDFI-NS.
3. To supervise on the drilling and development of water wells,
fabrication of windmills, assembly of the solar energy system and the
installation of the pumping unit and the hybrid energy system in
farmers' fields.
4. To train the farmer-beneficiaries on the operation, simple repair and
regular maintenance of the pumping unit and the hybrid energy
system.
5. To conduct research activities towards improving the efficiency and extending the economic life of the hybrid energy system and its
components.
PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
The regional and provincial leadership of the BLPDFI and the hired
employees of the project as shown in the organizational structure of the
project manage the SPISDP.
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Organizational Structure
A. Project Director – He/she is responsible for the overall implementation of
the project in the region. He/she oversees the accomplishment of the
different components of the project and their final completion at the end of
the project duration. He/she is the Regional Director of the BLPDFI-Region
VIII.
B. Project Manager – He/she is responsible for the implementation of the
project at the provincial level. He/she supervises the affairs of the Project
Development Center. He/she acts as the Chairman of the Screening
Committee for the hiring of project staff and recommends the top three
applicants to the Board of Directors for final interview and hiring. He/she
identifies the farmer-beneficiaries of the project and recommends them to
the Board of Directors for final approval. He/she exercises control over the
installation of the pumping units and hybrid energy systems in the farms of the farmer-beneficiaries. He is the Provincial Coordinator of the BLPDFI-
Northern Samar Chapter.
C. Project Development Officer – He/she manages the operations of the
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Project Development Center as an integral part of the whole project.
He/she exercises control over the disbursement of funds by the cashier, the
conduct of training activities and the user of vehicles. He submits a monthly
report on the operations of the Project Development Center to the Project
Manager.
D. Field Operations Officer – He/she manages the project implementation in
the entire project area. He supervises the work of the field foreman and his
utility workers. He coordinates with the shop foreman as regards the
fabrication of windmills and assembly of the hybrid energy system. He
arranges with the center manager for the user of vehicles in the installation
activities. He submits a monthly report on the implementation of the project
in the area to the Project Director. He is a regular employee of the project.
He should be licensed agricultural engineer with at least one (1) year of
experience on well drilling and pump installation.
E. Research & Extension Specialist – He/she is responsible for the research
and extension aspects of the project's operation. He is to set up a Provincial
Data Bank containing data on the names of the project beneficiaries,
actual performance of the irrigation pump and hybrid energy system, crop
yields and the gross/net farm income. He/she plans out and facilitates the
research and training activities of the center. He coordinates with the
project development officer on the use of the training facilities of the
center. He is a regular employee of the project. He should be a licensed
agricultural engineer with special training on computer operation.
F. Cashier & Disbursement Officer – He/she is the custodian of the funds of
the project. He/she is the only authorized person to withdraw the funds of
the project that is deposited in a reputable bank in Catarman, Northern
Samar. He/ she is responsible for the proper disbursement of project funds.
He/she prepares a payroll and pays the salaries, wages and honoraria of
the project staff and consultants. He/she is a regular employee of the
project. He/she should be a graduate of any business course.
G. Bookkeeper – He/she is responsible for the safekeeping and updating of
the book of accounts of the project. He/she submits a financial status of the
project to the Board of Directors during their monthly meeting. He is a
regular employee of the project. He/she should be a graduate of an
accounting course.
H. Secretary – He/she keeps the documents of the project and the project
development center. He/she acts as the recording secretary of the center
manager, project director, or Board of Directors during meetings. He/she
performs clerical jobs for the project development office. He/she should
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know how to operate a computer and how to encode letters and other
documents. He/she is a regular employee of the project. He/she should be
a graduate of a secretarial course.
I. Supply Officer – He is the property custodian of the project. He exercises
control over the user of materials of the project. He keeps a record of the
materials withdrawn from his custody. He is a regular employee of the
project. He should be an engineering graduate.
J. Field Foreman – He manages the installation of the pump and the hybrid
energy system in the farmer's field. He is responsible for the proper
functioning of the installed machines and equipment. He supervises the job performance of the utility workers under his command. He is a contractual
employee of the project. He should be, at least an agricultural or civil
engineering graduate.
K. Shop Foreman- He manages the shop of the center. He exercised control
over the fabrication of the windmill and its appurtenances. He is a regular
employee of the project. At least, he should be a graduate of agricultural
or mechanical engineering course.
L. Driver/Mechanic – He is responsible for the operation, repair and
maintenance of the center's vehicle. He is a regular employee of the
project. He should be at least a high school graduate.
M. Utility Worker – He undertakes whatever task assigned to him by the
officials of the center, especially the project manager, project
development officer, field operations officer, the field and shop foremen. A
utility worker may be a field utility worker, who is involved in the installation
of the pump irrigation system or a shop utility worker, who is involved in the
fabrication activities of the shop. He is a contractual employee of the
project.
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST
The establishment and operation of this project in Northern Samar will
involve an estimated total financial requirement of PHP 1.4162 billion (US$
25.75 million). Of this amount, PHP 1.35 billion (95.33%) will be for the pump
irrigation system powered with the hybrid energy system. The personnel
services amount to PHP 29,858,440 (2.11%) while the maintenance and
other operating expenses amount to PHP 15,283,600 (1.08%). The different facility that is needed for the implementation of the project requires the
amount of PHP 18,714,500 (1.32%). Only PHP 2,292,541 (0.16%) goes to the
contingencies. This distribution of the funds into its different uses in the
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project clearly shows that this project will be a high impact undertaking of
the BLPDFI once realized.
In the calculation of the fund needed for the implementation of the project, the following assumptions were considered.
1. There will be a 10% increase in the monthly salary of the hired staff of
the project every three years.
2. There will be a 5% increase in the monthly honorarium of the BLPDFI
officials service the project as well as for the consultants.
3. The shop of the Project Development Center will fabricate the very
important parts of the windmill, which needs high accuracy. The other components of the windmill will be fabricated by the local metal
craft shops within the town of Catarman under the supervision of the
project staff and the consultants.
4. The components of the solar energy system and the pumps will be
purchased from Manila.
5. The cost estimates are based on current rates and prices.
The estimated budget for the ten (10) year operation of the project, to include the last two (2) quarters of CY 2005 wherein pre-project
implementation activities will start, is presented in Table 3. This table also
indicates the annual cost of operation of the project which includes
personnel services; maintenance and other operating expenses; facilities
and equipment and contingencies.
Ang Bagong Lahing Pilipino Development Foundation, Incorporated, 2007