BLOOMBERG Quick Start Guide

Bloomberg Documentation ( Rasheed Abad

Master of Finance ) Quick Start Guide

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Version IV



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Table of Contents

1 LOGGING IN....................................................................................................................................... 3

2 BASIC NAVIGATION ........................................................................................................................ 5

3 USING THE HELP KEY .................................................................................................................... 6

4 FINDING SECURITIES ( ALL SECURITIES IN COUNTRY OR INEX) ................................. 10

5 ACCESSING BROAD EQUITY MARKETS.................................................................................. 19

6 RELATIVE PERFORMANCE......................................................................................................... 42

7 COMPANY NEWS AND RESEARCH............................................................................................ 47

8 BLOOMBERG TUTORIALS........................................................................................................... 52

9 DOWNLOADING AND PRINTING DOCUMENTS..................................................................... 53

10 BLOOMBERG KEYBOARD ........................................................................................................... 55

11 SENDING/RECEIVING MESSAGES............................................................................................. 60

12 CREATING A PERSONAL LOGIN PROFILE ............................................................................. 61

13 BLOOMBERG FINANCIAL NEWS ............................................................................................... 63

14 SYSTEM LOGIC ............................................................................................................................... 66

15 COMMON SCREEN FEATURES ................................................................................................... 68

15.1 SCREEN PLACEMENTS: TOP, MIDDLE, AND BOTTOM PANELS..................................................... 68

16 GETTING HELP FOR SPECIFIC KEYWORDS ON THE SCREEN......................................... 74

17 CREATING AND USING GRAPHS................................................................................................ 78

17.1 G <GO> : CUSTOMIZE TECHNICAL CHARTS. ........................................................................... 78 17.2 CREATING AND STORING GRAPH TEMPLATES ............................................................................ 79 17.3 USING THE G

TOOLBAR AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS .............................................................. 93

18 CUSTOMIZING THE ECONOMIC EVENTS CALENDAR ....................................................... 99

18.1 CECO, EVNT ............................................................................................................................ 99

19 CUSTOMIZING DEFAULT SETTINGS...................................................................................... 102

19.1 PDF.......................................................................................................................................... 102

20 NEWS AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS ...................................................................................... 105

20.1 ECONOMIC STATISTICS ..................................................................................................... 105 20.2 NEWS........................................................................................................................................ 107

21 MISCELLANEOUS......................................................................................................................... 112

21.1 BU (BLOOMBERG UNIVERSITY) ............................................................................................... 112 21.2 A GOOD PLACE FOR TIPS AND TRICKS ....................................................................................... 114 21.3 JOB OPPORTUNITIES.................................................................................................................. 115

22 CHARTING ON BLOOMBERG.................................................................................................... 116

22.1 PRICE QUOTES / MARKET QUOTES ........................................................................................... 116 22.2 SINGLE SECURITY CHARTS....................................................................................................... 118 22.3 MULTIPLE SECURITY CHARTS ................................................................................................... 121

23 MULTIPLE SECURITY ANALYTICS......................................................................................... 129



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1 LOGGING IN

Click on the Bloomberg icon on the desktop after you log in to the Bloomberg PC using your personal account information.

Log on to Bloomberg using one of the following two methods.

Method 1

Press <CONN DFLT> Enter Username. Press Down arrow and enter Password. Press <GO>

Method 2

Press L <GO> Enter Username. Press Down arrow and enter Password. Press <GO>

Log off of Bloomberg using the following :

Press <CONN DFLT>

Here is a typical Login screen :



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Figure 1

Note. You might not get the same screen as shown above. The panel in the middle is an advertisement panel and keeps changing between one log in and another.

However, you will get the same top panel prompting for Login Name and Password, whenever you try to log in. The procedures described in Method 1 and Method 2 on the previous page fill in the Login Name and Password information and bring you into Bloomberg.



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2 BASIC NAVIGATION

<GO> : To access a particular screen, one might

- enter some keyword(s) and then press <GO>, or - press some key and then press <GO>, or - use a combination of keys and keywords and then press <GO>,

or - click on the highlighted item on the screen, or - In some special cases, just press certain keys, such as the

<Menu>, <Page Fwd>, <Page Back>, etc.

The use of the <GO> key is analogous to the use of the Enter key in other applications.

Note. Keywords are always entered in the top left corner of the screen. If you want to enter keywords, and if the cursor is not flashing on the Top Left corner, then click on the top left Corner and make sure that the cursor is flashing there. You can then enter keywords.

<MENU> : Basically, this key acts like a Backspace in a web browser . Using this key can also be thought of as exploring upward through the folders of a Windows Explorer hierarchy.

<PAGE FWD> and <PAGE BACK>

: The top right corner of any screen will show the number of pages for that particular screen topic. Use <PAGE FWD> and <PAGE BACK> to go forward and backwards through these pages. Use the <MENU> key to go to the most immediate menu from which the current screen is referenced.

Using these keys can be thought of as navigating through the files in a selected folder.



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3 USING THE HELP KEY

<HELP> : This key provides 3 important functions:

i. <HELP> as Screen Help : To understand what a given screen contains, just press <HELP> once to define terminology, formulas and applications for that screen.

Example. Start with the following screen

Figure 2

If you press <HELP> once, you get the following screen



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Figure 3

Click <MENU> or press the <MENU> key to go back to the previous MOST screen. To go ahead from this HELP screen, type the required option number 1 , 2 , 3 , or 4 and then press <GO>.

For instance, if you want to check Additional Instructions, type 1 <GO>.

ii. <HELP> as Search Engine : Type the words you want to research and then press the <HELP> key.

Example. For instance, if you are looking for some information related to Bill Gates, type BILL GATES <HELP>

This is something very similar to using a search engine such as www.google.com. But the results shown are from Bloomberg s database only. This type of search covers all the market sectors.

http://www.google.com



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Figure 4

The above help screen shows that, there are 37 references to Bill Gates under topic 5 (Documents/Magazine articles), but there are no references under topics 1, 2, 3 4, 6 etc.

You can now click on one of the information headings and select the information you were looking for.

Alternatively, you can type the number associated with the information heading and then press the <GO> key.



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iii. <HELP> to contact Bloomberg s Analytics Staff

: Press <HELP> key twice to email your questions to Bloomberg. It usually takes 5 -10 minutes to get a response.

Note. When the word Message is flashing at the top right corner of the Bloomberg screen, it means a representative has responded to your question. To view their reply, type HDSK <GO>. (Explained in the Sending/Receiving Messages section of this document.)

Example. When you press the <HELP> key twice, you get the following screen. Enter the phone number at which you can be reached immediately. The QCF Lab phone number is 404-385-2739 or you can choose to provide your personal cell phone number.

Do not forget to provide your First and Last names. A sample screen in this case would be the following. After you write your message press <GO>, and then press 1 <GO> to send the message.

Figure 5



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4 FINDING SECURITIES ( All Securities in Country or Inex)

QSRC <GO> : Global Equity Screening

You can use QSRC to generate a list of equity securities based on a set of criteria you select. A set of criteria can include country, exchange, security type, index, industry group, and a variety of numeric values like Price Earnings ratio, Price to Book ratio, Return on Common equity, Change 1 Month Percent, etc. QSRC can be used to find equities that meet your fundamental and technical criteria.

The key benefits of using QSRC are:

- Find all securities that best fit your investment strategy to maximize returns. - Export to NW (explained in detail in the Personal Market Monitor document),

Excel, Portfolio, and Crystal Reports, so you can efficiently transfer data into a format that allows you to use proprietary applications to objectively draw conclusions.

- Rank order the search display, so you can easily determine relative value based on the criteria that you deem most important.

To access, type

QSRC <GO>

On the left hand side column, you can find a list of existing templates. When you select a specified template, you can modify it or run the template.

On the right hand side, you are presented with a list of Add New Search templates, such as

- Popular Fields Template - Value Search Template - Value and Technical Template



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Figure 13

For instance, if we select the Value and Technical template (option # 23), we get the following screen.



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Figure 14

Let s enter the following search criteria and save this template as TestTemplate .



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Figure 15

To save this as TestTemplate, press <GO> and then press 1 <GO>.

Now, we have to select the default output format for this template.



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Figure 16

Once you have created a Search template, you can do the following

- Run Current Search - Edit Search Criteria - Edit Search Display - Edit Search defaults - Delete Current Search - View Search Details

You are also provided with a list of Sample searches to choose from. Please refer to figure 13 of this document. When you type 30 and <GO> or alternatively, just click on option #30, you get the following screen.



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Figure 16a

You can now click on any of the above options and view the results thus obtained. For example, if you click on option #6 VALUATION MODELS , you get the following screen.

Note. You might get a different list of stocks when you use the same option number.



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Figure 16b

To view the search criteria for the VALUATION MODELS template, click on the options tab in the above screen of figure 16b. Hold the left mouse button on the options tab and select the View Search Details option. This will give you the

following screen.



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Figure 16c

The other options in the left hand column of the above screen in figure 16c, give information related to the option heading used for the VALUATION MODELS search template.

For instance, if you choose option #2 Countries by clicking on it, you get the following screen. This option gives you the list of countries selected for equity search by this search template.



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Figure 16d



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5 ACCESSING BROAD EQUITY MARKETS

WEI <GO> : Monitor World Equity Indices

You can use WEI for the following reasons

1. Compare Regional indices against one another and determine current and historical performance levels.

2. Perform Comparative Analysis to determine Investment opportunities and how global markets may affect stocks in your portfolio.

3. Since International Markets are highly correlated, you can monitor the overnight activity in specific markets and use this information to anticipate how the market in which you trade will open.

4. Helps identify short term trends.

You can also go to specific regions by giving the region number.

WEI 1 <GO> North/Latin America WEI 2 <GO> Europe/Africa WEI 3 <GO> Pacific Rim

Now use <PAGE BACK> and <PAGE FWD> keys to view the different pages. To go back to the previous screen use <MENU>.

Once you know the Ticker symbol of the exchange whose information you need to access, you can type the following,

{Exchange Ticker Symbol} <INDEX> <GO>

This will take you to that Exchange directly, without going through menus.

For instance, if you want to access information about the NASDAQ s Composite index, then type

CCMP <INDEX> <GO>



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Figure 6

WEIS <GO> : Ranked returns of World Indices

1. WEIS ranks the returns for a group of equity indices over a specified time period in either the local currency of each index or in an adjusted base currency.

2. You can use this to identify opportunities in global markets and determine how your portfolio performance compares to various market indices.

You can access the individual Index shown, by typing

#Index Number <INDEX> <GO>

When you access the WEIS Screen, you can also supply a few parameters like :

1. Return Period : Day/Monthly/Yearly return etc. 2. Region : Europe/Africa, Asia/Pacific etc. 3. Base Currency : USD, JPY etc.



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Figure 7



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IMOV <GO> : Equity Index and Industry Group Movers

You can use IMOV for the following purposes

1. Find which equities or industry groups are having the most impact on an index.

2. Identify market trends and leaders/laggers to help generate buy/sell recommendations.

3. Ascertain market sentiment. 4. You can launch a single security analysis to quickly research

securities impacting the market. 5. Graph an intraday chart, so you can compare index movers

to overall performance of the index.

When you type IMOV <GO>, you get a list of World Indices. When you have made your choice, it then lists the Leading and Lagging Movers within that Index. You can then click on a particular stock and then go for an Individual Security Analysis.

Figure 8

As a short cut, if you know the ticker symbol of the Exchange, then you can type



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{Exchange Ticker} <INDEX> MOV <GO>

For instance, if you want to access the S & P 500 index, type

SPX <INDEX> MOV <GO>

You get the following screen.

Figure 8a

Difference between IMOV and MOV

IMOV: IMOV displays a menu of major stock indices and industry groups from around the globe. You can use IMOV to identify which individual stocks and/or industry groups are currently having the most impact on a selected index.

MOV: MOV displays the effect individual components have on an equity index. You can use MOV to analyze the stocks that drive the movement of a selected index to determine which stocks are under-performing or over-performing compared to the index. MOV only works with indices that have 1500 members or less. MOST <GO> : Most Active Stocks



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MOST displays the day s most active stocks by volume, the leading advancers and decliners by percentage or net gain/loss, and stocks with the most value traded for a particular exchange.

You can use this to:

1. Determine the trend. 2. Find out how a specific security has preformed relative to its

peer group and the broad index by using COMP <GO>. (Explained in the Relative Performance section of this document.)

3. Analyze the Price Bar Graph with Moving Average GPO <GO> to determine historical price movements. (Explained in the Spot Trends section of this document.) Measure the net money flow into or out of a security using GM <GO>, to determine accumulation or distribution. (Explained in the Fundamentals and Earnings Analysis section of this document.)

4. Perform Financial Analysis of the company by using FA <GO>. (Explained in the Fundamentals and Earnings Analysis section of this document.)

If you know the Exchange code, then you can go to the required exchange bypassing the Menu by typing

MOST {Exchange Code} {1 or 2 or 3 or 4} <GO>

Option 1 : Most Active, 2 : Most Up, 3 : Most Down and 4 : Most Value

For instance, if you want to find the Most Active Stocks in the NASDAQ market, type

MOST UQ 1 <GO>



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Figure 9

LVI <GO> : Largest Volume Increase

LVI monitors equities with the largest volume increase by percentage when compared to their 1-, 5-, 20-, or 90-day moving average volumes. LVI displays up to 32 securities with the largest increase in trading volume on more than 30 global exchanges.

The syntax for accessing the LVI screen is as follows

LVI {Exchange Code} <GO>

Once you have accessed the HIVG Screen you have several options. These include

Changing the Exchange Code

Changing the Moving Average etc.

You can use LVI to identify trading opportunities in stocks that are unusually active.

You can also include the required moving average parameter as follows,



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LVI {Moving Day Average} {Exchange Code} <GO>

For instance, if you want to find the LVI for the London Exchange, type

LVI LN <GO> Figure 10

HILO <GO> : 52 Week Highs/Lows

You can use HILO to display information for common stock, depository receipts, closed end funds, and real estate trusts (REITS) that have reached a 52 week high (or low) price. The securities are listed in chronological order of the time they reached a 52- week high (low) for the exchange and date specified.

The syntax for accessing the HILO screen is as follows

HILO {Exchange Code} {H or L} <GO>

You can also type, HILO (Exchange Code) <GO> Once you have accessed the HILO Screen you have the following options



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Click on a security to perform an individual Security analysis

Change the Exchange code to view another exchange.

Click Export to on the toolbar to export the information to another source like

o Excel sheet o Append to a LIST o Append to a Portfolio o Append to a Worksheet

Note. The Bloomberg-Excel features cannot be used in the QCF lab, as we have an academic version of Bloomberg only.

For instance, if you want to find HILO for the London Exchange, type

HILO LN <GO> Figure 11



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IBQ <GO> : Industry Analysis Monitor

IBQ displays a comprehensive analysis of a specific industry and links to other related functions. You can use IBQ to monitor industry news and developments, analyze benchmark statistics, and track individual and group performance, so you can quickly address issues that impact your investment strategies.

To access, type

IBQ <GO>

We get the following screen. The default Industry Region is the United States.

Figure 12a

To change the region, type either 2 or 3 in the Industry region field and press <GO>. ( 2 for Europe and 3 for the Pacific Rim.)

In the above screen, let s select option #24, Biotechnology. We get the following screen.



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Figure 12b

The above screen shows a list of companies that make up this particular index and the comparative financial data for each company.

You can now launch into an individual stock analysis by clicking within the list of securities shown.



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6 COMPANY INFORMATION

<EQUITY> <GO> : To access the one and two security function menus, type

<EQUITY> <GO>.

A one security function allows you to research a single equity, whereas a two security function allows you to compare two securities with each other.

To access the one security functions menu, enter

{Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> <GO>.

To access the two security functions menu, enter

{Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> {Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> <GO>.

For instance, say you want to compare two securities like IBM and MSFT, then type

IBM US <EQUITY> MSFT US <EQUITY> <GO>

You can proceed by choosing the option number from the given menu to access specific screens.

The two security menu has options like

- Option and Hedge Analysis - Regression Analysis - Price/Yield Spread History - Fundamental Analysis - Spread Technicals etc.

DES <GO> : A mini-prospectus and vital statistics on the Company

DES displays fundamental background information and financial data for a given company, warrant, mutual fund, or equity option.

To access, type {Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> DES <GO>.

For instance, say you want information regarding IBM US type

IBM US <EQUITY> DES <GO>



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Figure 17

This gives you detailed company information at a single place.

BQ <GO> : Customize a full research report in one page

BQ displays a composite overview of key price and trade data, fundamental information, and news for a selected equity.

You can use BQ to

- Access comprehensive news, fundamental data, and analytics, so as to evaluate which securities best fit your investment strategies.

- Customize BQ, so you can efficiently transfer single security data and analytics into your own template.

- View Bloomberg analytics and fundamental information on a single screen, so you can quickly analyze the overall financial health of a security.

- Link to other related functions. To access, type

{Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> BQ <GO>.



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For instance, say you want information regarding IBM US, type

IBM US <EQUITY> BQ <GO> Figure 18



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Important Instructions Each and every Display in the screen has got a GO button on the Upper left corner. To maximize that data section or to display the function from which that data is gathered, click and hold the GO button. A list of choices appears; drag your cursor to the appropriate choice and then release.

How to Add another Data Section

- Click Edit on the Toolbar, and then choose a data selection. - Click the top of the data section to highlight its border, then, hold down the

left mouse button to drag the panel to the desired position on the screen. - To resize the border, click the side or bottom of the data section to

highlight its border, then, hold down the left mouse button and move the cursor to the desired size.

- Click GO in the Upper left hand corner of the data section and select Best Fit to automatically resize the panel to match the desired space.

- To increase or decrease the size of the text inside the data section, click the red (+) or (-) buttons to elongate or narrow the rows.

Deleting the data section Click GO in the upper left hand corner of the data section and select Delete.

Further editing the data section Click GO in the upper left hand corner of the data section and select Edit, if available, to display a popup box with customizable fields.

Saving changes Click SAVE on the toolbar and select Save current changes to save the changes made to the current template, or Save as New template to save changes as new template.



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7 FUNDAMENTALS AND EARNINGS ANALYSIS

FA <GO> : Financial Analysis

FA displays financial analysis statements for the selected company or municipality. You can use FA to analyze the current fundamental strength and historical trends in specific areas of a company s or municipality s balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement.

If you know the Ticker Symbol, then you can go to the required screen bypassing the Menu, by typing

{Ticker Symbol} <EQUITY> FA <GO> (for a Company)

{CUSIP number} <MUNI> FA <GO> (for a Municipality)

Once you have accessed the FA Screen you have several options, such as doing

Valuation Analysis

Income Analysis

Ratio Analysis

Balance Sheet Analysis

Debt-Equity Analysis

Cash Flow Analysis

You can also print out these reports using the Print options available.


IBM US <EQUITY> FA <GO>



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Figure 19

DVD <GO> : Dividend/Split Summary Report

DVD displays detailed information about a selected security s dividend/split history. You can use DVD to determine how a security s gross (before taxes) or net (after taxes) dividend yield contributes to its overall returns.

DVD can also be used, - To ascertain how dividends/splits affect the price movement of the

security. - To initially screen potential securities for further analysis. - To customize the dividend type, so you can accurately tailor DVD to your

needs.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> DVD <GO>

Once you have accessed the DVD Screen you have several options, such as

Graph both the Yield/Dividend



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Change the currency

Use Gross or Net yield

Change the Time period for which you want the information.


IBM US <EQUITY> DVD <GO>

Figure 20

ERN <GO> : Earnings Summary

ERN displays earnings-per-share summaries for a selected equity. You can use ERN to determine trends, quality of earnings, and number most directly comparable to analysts estimates, in order to better analyze a company s fundamentals.



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ERN can also be used - To review a company s historical earnings to identify consistency, and to

gauge stability in order to create the best possible investment strategy. - To assess the fundamental strength of a company in order to meet your

investment needs. - To provide a clear picture of what investors are willing to pay for a stock

today, so you can gauge market sentiment relative to historical levels.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> ERN <GO>

Once you have accessed the ERN Screen you have several options, such as

Graph both the Yield/Dividend

Change the currency

Use Gross or Net yield

Change the Time period for which you want the information.


IBM US <EQUITY> ERN <GO>



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Figure 21

EE <GO> : Earnings Estimates

EE displays earnings projections from I/B/E/S, Nelson, Zacks, First Call, and Toyo Keizai for a selected equity security. EE collects all earnings estimate for a company in one place so that you can quickly gauge expectations.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol) (Exchange Code} <EQUITY> EE <GO>

You can now choose from the Earnings Estimates provided by the firms mentioned above. You can bypass this menu, by including the firm as a parameter.

The firms are represented by a single character as follows:

I/B/E/S - I



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Nelsons - N Zacks - Z First Call - F Toyo Keizai - T

For instance, if you want the Cisco s (US) Earnings Estimates by Nelsons, type

CSCO US <EQUITY> EE N <GO>

Figure 22

SURP <GO> : Earnings/Sales Surprise Analysis

Use SURP to track earnings or revenue surprises for a selected equity based on I/B/E/S estimates. SURP compares the historical expectations and results from up to six periods and displays the estimates for the current period. You can also see a stock s percentage change within the days surrounding the earnings report allowing you to determine the effect the results had on the company s stock price

To access, type



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{Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> SURP <GO>

You can click on the period shown to access news about the company for that period.

For instance, say you want information regarding SUNW US, type

SUNW US <EQUITY> SURP <GO>

Figure 23

ACDR <GO> : Earnings announcement calendar.

ACDR displays expected earnings announcement estimates and dates for companies in a selected region or country.

You can use ACDR,

- To view earnings announcements and estimates in a timely manner so you can adjust your strategies and holdings accordingly to beat the benchmark.

- Quickly access all recent and upcoming earnings announcements so you can make accurate, timely recommendations.



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- Access timely earnings data so you can be sure that you price your inventories correctly.

- Display estimated and actual earnings to quickly compare the market consensus with actual released earnings per share.

- Export the company tickers into Excel or NW <GO> to construct your own watch list to monitor companies quickly and easily.

To access, type

ACDR {Exchange Code} <GO>

Once you have accessed the ACDR Screen you have several options, such as

Change the Date range

Change the Country and region Code

Display the Company name or stock Ticker symbol

For instance, say you want information regarding the Earnings Announcement calendar for the London Exchange, type

ACDR LN <GO>



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Figure 24

8 RELATIVE PERFORMANCE

RV <GO> : Peer group analysis: Customized Report.



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RV displays customized reports with key technical and fundamental data that you can use to compare a selected equity to securities within the same industry, index, or portfolio. Data is collected from balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements. You can use RV to find which securities offer the best relative value based on your criteria.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> RV <GO.

For instance, to access the Relative Performance for MSFT US, type

MSFT US <EQUITY> RV <GO>

Figure 28

Key Features/Benefits



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- Allows you to customize data fields, so you can compare companies based on your relevant technical and fundamental criteria.

- Allows you to customize your group of securities so that you are only comparing these companies in which you are interested.

- Stores up to 20 custom report templates, so you can quickly access different reports for the same set of securities.

- Exports the information to an Excel Spreadsheet, so you or your clients can use proprietary applications to draw conclusions.

Once you select an equity, enter RV <GO>. If the equity you select belongs to a previously created basket, RV displays a list of Custom Group reports. Once you select a report, you can choose from the following:

- To customize your report, enter 1 <GO>. - To download RV to an Excel spreadsheet, enter 97 <GO>. - To display a list of definitions, enter 99 <GO>. - To view other column headings of the report, press <Tab> or the left and right

arrow keys. - To page through the report, press <PAGE FWD> or the up and down arrow

keys.

Once you select an equity, the following shortcuts are available:

Saved Report Format Enter RV (report number} <GO>.

Industry Specific Worldwide securities (Up to 100) Enter RV W <GO>.

Regional Industry Specific Securities Enter RV {region code} <GO>.

Region codes include - (NA) North America - (LA) Latin America - (WE) Western Europe - (PR) Pacific Rim - (EE) Eastern Europe - (CA) Central Asia - (AM) Africa/Middle East and - (EU) the Euro.

Default Region Industry Securities. Enter RV R <GO>.

How to customize your Report



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Once you select Customize on the toolbar, the following options appear:

- (2) Customize your data selections. Once you select this option, your current column selections and a list of available data categories appear.

- (3) Customize the format of your report. - (4) Customize your report COLORS. - (5) Sort your report. - (6) List all 20 of your reports by report name with option to PRINT. Once you

select this option, a list of reports appears. The first 10 reports are default reports that you can change. not yet defined indicates a report(s) that you have not yet customized.

- (7) Copy report template. Once you select the option, the current report template number, user name, and UUID number appear. Enter the destination template number and UUID number, then press <GO>. NOTE: Please check with the recipient before copying the template, as this will override an existing template of theirs with the same number. The message DONE! appears at the bottom of the screen when the copy is complete.

- (8) PRINT current report. - (9) View NEWS on securities. - (10) Create custom groups/baskets. - (11) List all custom groups/baskets. - (12) Custom groups with: {Company name}. - (99) Definitions for your data selections.

COMP <GO> : Comparative Returns

COMP compares the returns of a selected security to its benchmark index and industry group (if available) or to two other selected securities.


{Ticker Symbol} <EQUITY> COMP <GO>

Once you have accessed the COMP Screen you have several options such as

Changing the Equity itself.

Changing the Indices/Securities with which you are currently doing the comparison.

Note. You have to type, Ticker Symbol + Exchange Code + Equity in the Securities field. (Case sensitive)

For instance, say you want to access the Comparative returns for SUNW US, type



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SUNW US <EQUITY> COMP <GO>

Figure 29

For indices, you have to type, Exchange Ticker Symbol + <INDEX>.

For instance, say you want to access the Comparative returns for NASDAQ Composite Index, type

CCMP <INDEX> COMP <GO>

TRA <GO> : Total Return Analysis. Detailed total return with dividends.

Use TRA to calculate the total return for a selected equity over a specified period of time. You can also use TRA to determine the return on your investment using criteria such as price at horizon, commissions, and reinvestment rate.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol} {Exchange Code} <EQUITY> TRA <GO.

For instance, to access the Total Return Analysis for Microsoft type MSFT US, type



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MSFT US <EQUITY> TRA <GO>.

Figure 30

9 COMPANY NEWS AND RESEARCH

ANR <GO> : Analyst s Recommendation and Ratings



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ANR displays a list of analysts recommendations and a consensus rating for a selected equity. The consensus rating is based on analyst recommendations compiled by Bloomberg reporters and researchers around the world.

You can use ANR to determine the latest analyst sentiment and identify which analysts have been most accurate rating an equity.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol) (Exchange Code} <EQUITY> ANR <GO>

You have the option to change the number of months to calculate the consensus rating.

For instance, say you want Analyst s Recommendation and ratings for IBM US, type

IBM US <EQUITY> ANR <GO>



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Figure 25

ANC <GO> : Nelson s Analyst Coverage

ANC displays alphabetical lists of firms covering a selected company s equity and Fixed Income Securities. ANC is updated monthly by Nelson Information.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol} <EQUITY> ANC <GO>.

For instance, say you want Nelson s Analyst coverage for IBM US, type

IBM US <EQUITY> ANC <GO>



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Figure 26

CRPR <GO> : Credit Profile

CRPR displays current and historical credit ratings for a specific issuer or fixed-income security.

You can use historical ratings to analyze the issuer s credit strength during past economic expansions or recessions, so you can determine if an investment is likely to meet future investment requirements.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol) (Exchange Code} <EQUITY> CRPR <GO>

For instance, say you want the Credit Profile for IBM US, type

IBM US <EQUITY> CRPR <GO>



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You can use the toolbar to view Related Functions like

- Rating scales and definitions - Company news - Issuer Information - Sovereign Debt ratings - Issuer credit Rating Revisions

Figure 27



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10 BLOOMBERG TUTORIALS

Bloomberg University tutorials can be reached by entering BU <GO>. This produces the following screen.

Figure 6

Note. When you log into Bloomberg, you get four Displays titled 1-Bloomberg, 2-Bloomberg, 3-Bloomberg and 4-Bloomberg. (You can see this in your Taskbar). Some screens may be behind others. For Multimedia Tutorials, you have to use 1-Bloomberg screen. Go to 1-Bloomberg screen, type BU <GO> and now you can take option 5. If you try option 5 from the other displays, you will get an error message.



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11 DOWNLOADING AND PRINTING DOCUMENTS

Downloading

The QCF Lab has an Academic version of Bloomberg and hence, no downloading of data into Excel worksheets or Crystal Reports is possible.

Printing

<PRINT> : To print any screen, press the <PRINT> key once.

If you want to print a specific number of pages, proceeding from this page onwards within the present Menu topic, then enter the number of pages to be printed and then press the <PRINT> key.

Example. If you want to print the whole document on a given topic, look at the total number of pages the document has on the top right corner, enter this number and press the <PRINT> key. To print 3 pages of the document, enter 3 <PRINT>. For Instance, in the screen below you can print 3 pages out of the total 4 pages in the topic MOST.

Figure 7



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Here we can see that the total number of pages is 4 and you are currently at page 1 of 4. When you type 3 and press the <PRINT> key, pages 1, 2 and 3 are printed.

If you had typed 7 and then pressed the <PRINT> key, then pages 1, 2, 3 and 4 are printed. But since you typed 7 and this document has only a total of 4 pages, it also reprints 1, 2 and 3 to give you a total of 7 pages.

Landscape or Portrait mode

To check current printer settings on Bloomberg, type

PSET <GO>

A pop-up windows screen will come up with the default settings. If you want to change the printer mode to Portrait or Landscape mode, click on the Printer Specific Options button, and now it will show you the current printer setting.

You can now opt for either the Portrait mode or Landscape mode and then press the OK button.

The default printer mode is Portrait. So, if you have changed the mode to Landscape then please change it back to Portrait before exiting the Bloomberg application.

Canceling a Printing Job

To cancel a printing job that you have initialized, type

PAN PJOB <GO>

Importing Bloomberg Screens into Microsoft Applications

In order to import a Bloomberg screen into any Microsoft applications, including Word, Excel or PowerPoint documents, the screen will need to be saved.

To save a screen, right click on the screen and then select Save Screen option. A Save As window comes up and you can save the screen within your Z: drive directory. The screen will be saved as a bitmap.

To insert it into a Microsoft application, open the required Microsoft application and select the Insert/Picture option, and proceed as directed.



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12 BLOOMBERG KEYBOARD

Yellow Keys

The yellow keys represent market sectors

government, corporate, mortgage, money market, municipals, preferred, equity, commodities, index, currencies and client.

<GOVT> Securities issued by national governments and securities by quasi-governmental agencies

<CORP> Information regarding corporate bonds <MTGE> Information regarding mortgages and collaterized mortgage

obligations <M-MKT> Money market information <MUNI> Trading, descriptive and settlement information regarding municipal

and state bonds <PFD> Preferred market includes public and private security types,

including: fixed, floating, variable rate, zero-coupon, convertibles, and warrants.

<EQUITY> Complete information on Equities <CMDTY> Commodities and their associated futures and options <INDEX> Generic interest rates as well as economic indices, such as the

Consumer Price Index (CPI). <CRNCY> Foreign currency database <CLIENT> Create and Analyze portfolios.

Press the <Yellow Key> for the market sector and then <Go> for a menu of general analytics which can be performed on that specific market sector.

Every financial instrument or index in Bloomberg can be accessed by using a ticker symbol for that financial instrument or index followed by a yellow market sector key [ticker] <yellow key>.

Green Keys

The Green keys are action keys and allow you to move throughout the system.

<NEWS> To access Bloomberg s 24-hr global online news service <Message> To send and retrieve messages

Red Keys

<CONN To log off/on DFLT>

<CANCEL> To reset a screen



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SEARCHING BLOOMBERG

Here are some sample searches that illustrate different features and approaches.

a. Looking up and using Ticker Symbols

To find a Ticker symbol for a specific security listed as an Equity security, enter

<EQUITY> TK {Full or partial name} <GO>

For instance, to find the ticker symbol of the equity Coca Cola, type

<EQUITY> TK Coca Cola <GO>

and obtain KO, the ticker symbol of Coca Cola.

To find information on equities fastest, use the Green <HELP> key and search. For instance, type IBM <HELP> to obtain equities information on IBM.

For non-equities, include the appropriate yellow key with the Ticker Symbol or Bloomberg shortcut description. For instance, to find the debt issued by IBM, type

IBM <CORP> <GO>

b. Finding historical stock prices for IBM

Using a Menu to find historical Stock prices

1. Press <EQUITY>, type TK IBM, press <GO>. You will obtain the following menu.



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Figure 8

2. Select the appropriate ticker symbol by clicking on the number, or by typing in the number from the list and press <GO>. (In this example, IBM US.) 3. On the next screen, select #4 Historical Prices. 4. On the next screen, select #2 Px Table w/ Avg Daily Volume. 5. Specify the time range you wish to cover. Obtain the following screen.



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Figure 9

c. Using Mnemonics (short-cut) to find historical stock prices

Mnemonics are bold letters next to numbers on a menu that identify the function. Some samples are - HP for Historical Price, WEI for World Equity Indices, and GR for Graph Ratio.

1. Type,

{Ticker Symbol} <EQUITY> HP <GO> in the upper left corner of any screen. This will take you directly to the menu with Px Table w/ Avg Daily Volume.



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2. Specify the time range you wish to cover, using the Tab key. You reach the same screen as in the Menu method in the previous page of this document.

Figure 10



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13 SENDING/RECEIVING MESSAGES

To send messages to the Helpdesk, press <HELP> twice and follow the directions given in section (iii) of the Using the Help Key section of this document.

As soon as your message is received by the Bloomberg Analytics Helpdesk, a Received message will flash on your screen.

HDSK Help Desk Messages

Enter HDSK <GO> to display a list of your outgoing Help Desk messages sent using <HELP> <HELP>.

A list of your Outgoing Help Desk Messages appears with the date, time, status, and first line of the message. Status codes include:

Waiting : The message you sent has reached the Help Desk and is currently waiting in queue to be answered.

Received : A Bloomberg representative is currently working on your request.

Replied : A Bloomberg representative sent a reply to your request. Select the specific message or press <MESSAGE> to display the reply.

Once you select a specific outgoing Help Desk message, your name, telephone number, and login name appear below the HELP DESK MESSAGE LOG heading. The date, time, status, and most recently sent message also appear. The reference number appears in the bottom right of the screen.

When you select a message with a Replied status, then the message that you sent to the Help Desk is shown. To see the Help Desk response, press the <PAGE FWD> key.



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14 CREATING A PERSONAL LOGIN PROFILE

Advantages of a Personal Login Profile.

1. Receive/send messages within Bloomberg's worldwide network.

2. Program the YELLOW Function keys F1-F12 (located at the top of the keyboard) using the <Code> key to quickly access your favorite or most frequently used screens.

3. Personalize your own Monitors.

4. Personalize Defaults (type PDF <Go>): set-up historical screens to automatically display the time period, bid/ask/mid prices of equities you like to view. Customize the gray trackball speed.

5. Customize access to all fixed income security prices.

6. Customize access to mortgage analytics.

7. Set up your own confidential portfolios or view those of select individuals. Keep track of your portfolio's price performance and perform "What if " analysis on your portfolio. If you do not create a Personal Login Profile, any portfolio you set up can be changed by other users.

8. Select and save criteria for Equity and Bond searches. Store desirable characteristics of fixed income and equity instruments and search through the entire Bloomberg database for those securities that match your criteria.

9. Set-up individual Studies. Choose and view multiple technical charts on a single page in your preferred format.

10. Set your own CUSTOM NEWSPAPER. Use CNP <Go>. This allows you to print out or view a routine set of screens at the touch of a button.

11. Receive complimentary issues of Bloomberg Magazine. What's the latest with the Bloomberg system? How can you take advantage of analytics available on Bloomberg?



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Steps to Create a Personal Login Profile

1. Log in with the GTQCF User Id/Password.

2. Type UREG <GO> and follow the instructions.

3. After you follow the instructions and enter the requested information, a Bloomberg Analytics Helpdesk person will call you in about 10 minutes to verify the information entered. Then you have your own User ID/ Password.

Figure 11

The instructions are extremely simply. Just follow them.



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15 BLOOMBERG FINANCIAL NEWS

Bloomberg Business News is an online proprietary 24-hour global news service.

TOP FINANCIAL NEWS

N <GO> Main News Menu TOPD <GO> or TOP STK <GO> News from the Stock Markets TTOP <GO> or TOP TECH <GO> News from the Tech Sector. FTOP <GO> or TOP FIN <GO> News from the Fin. Services Sector HTOP <GO> or TOP HEA <GO> News from the Health Care Sector RTOP <GO> or TOP CON <GO> News from the Consumer/Retail Sector TRNT <GO> or TOP TRN <GO> News from the Transportation Sector. TOP BON <GO> Bond News. TNI <GO> Search the news archive NW <GO> Top Stories

For instance, to access Stock Market News, type

TOP STK <GO>



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BBEA <GO> : Earnings Analysis

BBEA displays a menu for earnings analysis related news. You can use BBEA to quickly find news about earnings surprises and trends from major countries around the world.

The key features/benefits are

- Combines news and analysis providing you with instant insight into the news behind numbers.

- Displays a snapshot of the latest earnings analysis, so you can quickly and accurately interpret earnings news in order to position yourself for any market reaction.

Once you enter BBEA <GO>, you get the following screen.

You can directly go to the required region, by passing the region code as a parameter. For instance, to access the Earnings Analysis screen for United States, type

BBEA 9 <GO>



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16 SYSTEM LOGIC

There are shortcuts and three system levels within Bloomberg:

1) GeneraI Market and News 2) One Security Functions 3) Two Security Functions

Shortcuts

Bloomberg is a Menu driven system. However, you do not always have to go through the Menu to reach specific screens. If you know the Mnemonics, then you can directly access specific screens without having to go through the menu.

But this will take some time as you will have to learn the Mnemonics. Once you are comfortable with the Mnemonics of the screens you often access, then you can go to them directly bypassing the Menu.

Example. To access the Earnings Estimates of IBM (US) stock, you can either use the Menu or directly use the Mnemonics.

Using Menu

1. Press <EQUITY> <GO> 2. Select #1, Finding Securities 3. Select #1, Ticker Symbol Look Up 4. You will have to enter at least a partial name of the company. It will

then give you a listing of companies. Select IBM US from that list. 5. Now select #7 from the menu, News/Research/Chat 6. Select #12 from the menu, Earnings Estimates 7. Now you are shown all the firms that have Earnings Estimates for IBM

and you can select the one you want.

Using Mnemonics

Type

IBM US <EQUITY> EE <GO>



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System Levels

A. The General Market & News

This first level includes yield curves, bond calculators, market news, offerings, spreadsheets, calendars, searches etc. It is the broadest and is the top level of the Bloomberg menu pyramid. It is found by striking any yellow <MARKET SECTOR> key <Go> or by pressing the green <NEWS> (or Research) key.

B. The One Security Function Level

The second or one-security function level includes yield analysis, descriptions, price histories, horizon analysis, etc. However, you must remember that this level of the Bloomberg is security specific. That means that a security must be defined before you can view a menu of analytics. No matter what the security the same functions can be run in each market sector. Once you are on the one-security function menu for a particular security, the analytical functions are available by typing the menu number that corresponds to the function or by entering the Bloomberg mnemonic and <GO>.

C. The Two Security Function Level

The two-security function level includes historical spreads, swap analysis, spread matrices, regression and hedge analysis, etc. To view a two-security function, you must define the two securities to be analyzed. Once you are on the two-security function menu for two securities the analysis is available by hitting the menu number that corresponds to the function or by entering the Bloomberg mnemonic.

More of this will be explained in the specific Market Sector guides.

Now that you know the basics, it s time to spend time on the Bloomberg system. Please refer to the other Bloomberg Guides for further information regarding the specific markets.



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17 COMMON SCREEN FEATURES

17.1 Screen Placements: Top, Middle, and Bottom Panels

This section discusses the features that are common to most Bloomberg screens. The Largest Volume Increase screen is used as an example for the discussion. Type

LVI <GO>

Note: For a given country stock exchange, this screen shows the equities with the largest volume increase by percentage when compared through their 1-, 5-, 20-, or 90-day moving average volumes. Hence, this screen changes many times in a given trading day.

Figure 1

We can assume that the Figure 1 screen is made up of three different panels:

Top panel

Middle panel

Bottom panel.



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Top Panel:

Top panel in the above screen starts from the <HELP> keyword on the Top Left corner and extends to the Ex-Date/Split/Ex & Split box on the right hand side of the screen.

The Bloomberg function that you have used to access this screen appears in the Top Right hand corner. In this case it displays LVI , which is the mnemonic for the Bloomberg function that we have used. The keyword just before this Bloomberg function shows the market sector you are currently in. In this case, it says that you are in the Equity market sector.

The keyword N170 to the left of the Equity keyword on the topmost line refers to the machine number that is currently running the Bloomberg system. You might be asked this number by someone on the Bloomberg Analytics Help Desk to troubleshoot problems you may be having with the Bloomberg system.

The line immediately below the topmost line is used for displaying Bloomberg messages. They can be general messages or error messages too. In this screen it shows a message Cancel: Screen not saved . It displays this message when you right click on the screen

and choose the Save Screen option, but click on the Cancel button in the Save Screen As dialog box.

The next line displays a short description of the abbreviated function mnemonic used to access the current screen. In this case, it shows Largest Volume Increase , which is what LVI stands for.

Next to this description, it shows you the number of pages this screen topic has in its entirety and the current page number. In this example, it shows that this screen has a total of 2 pages and we are in page number 1. (Page 1/2) To go to the next page use <PAGE FWD> key and to access the previous page, use the <PAGE BACK> Key.

Most of the input fields are normally found in the top panel. The input fields generally have an orange color background. (You can change the color code, using the PDF function. This is explained in the Bloomberg Default Settings section of this document.)

The Bloomberg screens always contain default values for all the input capable fields on the screen. To change an input value, you have to bring focus to that particular input field.

To do this, you can either click the input fields or use the Tab key to move into a specific input field. When an input field receives focus, it gives a list of Options that are available for that particular field. You can select the option that you want, either by entering the particular keyword or clicking on the list of keywords shown. You can also ignore this input field and its options, by just using the TAB key and go to the next input field available.



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For example, in this case, when we bring focus to the Exchange field, either by clicking on it or using the Tab key to place the cursor in that field, we get the following screen.

Figure 2

Now to select Switzerland from the options shown, you can either simply click on Switzerland or enter the corresponding keyword, SW.

As soon as you do this, the cursor automatically moves to the next input field in the screen and shows the options available for that input field. In this case, the next available input field is the Moving Average field, displayed as Moving Ave on the screen.



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Figure 3

You can either make a selection for this field or if you are satisfied with the default value shown in the field, press <GO>.

When you select a new value, it now takes you to the next available input field and this continues till it covers all the input fields on the screen.

However, when you press <GO>, it gives the output for the input values you have given. It takes default values for those fields where you haven t entered any values.

If you have entered wrong values, then you get an error message and you can take corrective action by bringing focus to that particular field and then enter a proper value. Press <GO>, to view the output for the inputs given.



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Figure 4

You should press <GO>, whenever you have changed the value of any input parameters.

Middle Panel:

Middle panel for this example in Figure 1 is the data shown in a table format. It starts from the field Name on the left hand side and extends to the value 582.3 (refer to Figure 1) shown on the lower right hand side.

The Middle panel shows the Output in most cases and in some cases also shows some input capable fields.

In some cases, you can perform an additional investigation on the output data shown by simply clicking on the selected data row.

Note: The mouse pointer turns into a hand symbol when you take it over an area which lends itself to further investigation.

For example, to carry out further research on FINGER LAKES BNC in Figure 1, you just click on it.



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IMPORTANT NOTE:

When you press the <MENU> key from the FINGER LAKES screen, you would expect to see the above screen. But this is not the case. Pressing the <MENU> key takes you to the parent screen of the current screen in the Bloomberg Hierarchy.

In this case, it takes you to the EQUITY MENU Current Markets/Monitors screen.

This is because; LVI is a child function of the Current Markets/Monitors EQUITY Menu.

It is not possible to know the relationships that exist between the various Bloomberg screens and there is also no advantage in possessing this information.

If you feel that you have wandered away from your initial screen, and you want to go back to that screen, re-enter the initial keywords and press <GO>.

You can view the keywords that you have entered previously by pressing the green <COMMAND> key.

Bottom Panel:

Bottom panel for this screen starts after the last row shown in the table and extends to the bottom of the screen. It keeps changing and in most cases shows advertisements for Bloomberg functions or shows Bloomberg News.



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18 GETTING HELP FOR SPECIFIC KEYWORDS ON THE SCREEN

This section gives an example of how to obtain information for a particular field shown on a screen.

For example, let s assume that you have accessed the information for IBM s Earnings Estimates given by I/B/E/S. (You can access this information by typing, IBM US <EQUITY> EE. (More about this in the Fundamentals and Earnings Analysis section of the Equities Guide.)

Note. Institutional Broker s Earnings System (IBES) is one of the world s leading sources of analysts earnings expectations data.

Figure 5

Now, let s assume that you want information about the 5YR Stability field in the middle panel of the Figure 5 screen.



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As a first step, if you press the <HELP> key once, you get the following screen.

Figure 6

Most help screens have at least one of the following features:

1. They have more than 1 page. 2. They have an option called Additional Instructions 3. They have an option called Description of Display .

All Bloomberg screens have a Description of Display section. In some cases they are given as a separate option number and in some cases they come under Additional Instructions .

If you do not find options 2 and 3, then you have to keep pressing <PAGE FWD> until you reach the Description of Display section. But if you find these options as a separate section, then just enter the required option number and press <GO>, or just click on the option.

Once you have reached the Description of Display section, you can find complete information regarding all the fields shown on the screen. You can then press <MENU> to come back to the original screen.



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In this example, we do not have any sections called Additional Instructions or Description of Display on the first page of the Figure 6 Help screen.

However, in the Top Panel of the Figure 6 screen the number of help pages is shown to be 30 in number. So we just keep going forward using the <PAGE FWD> key, and on the third page, we find the Description of Display section.

Figure 7

If we go further from the Figure 6 and 7 screens using the <PAGE FWD>, on the 7th

page we find information for the 5YR Stability field. This is recorded in Figure 8.



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Figure 8



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19 CREATING AND USING GRAPHS

19.1 G <GO> : Customize Technical Charts.

G can be used for the following purposes;

- To determine factors driving a security s price. - To determine a security s intrinsic value. - To create and maintain customized technical charts that highlight the trading patterns of a selected security on an intraday or historical basis.

By graphing multiple technical studies simultaneously, you can determine whether various signals concur, thereby gaining insight into the future movement of a security. You can also save trend lines, channels and Fibonacci retracement levels using this easy step-by-step interface. Because you can manipulate the way data is viewed, you can base your decisions on the visual presentation you deem most important. And once you set up your preferences, you can apply them to any security you select. This makes your decision-making process more consistent. As indicated in the STEP BY STEP EXAMPLE of the Personal Market Monitor Guide, you can embed a G graph in an NW worksheet; so you can use Technical Analysis studies as you monitor the market.

G s features and functionality includes the following:

Custom-defined charts display what you want to see and how you want to see it. You can manipulate both price and date ranges.

Scrolling track-mouse pinpoints specific prices and technical studies values. You always have instant access to current and prior prices and calculated study points.

Point-and-click capability lets you draw and save unlimited trend lines, channels and Fibonacci retracement levels on the chart in order to define prevailing trends. This makes it easier to interpret overall supply and demand in the market.

Dynamically updating charts keep you up-to-the-minute with current market prices so you can gauge market sentiment and make more informed trading decisions.

Quick access to news headlines for any date on the chart lets you further investigate price and volume action that may further support or alter your interpretation. The first section provides an example of how to create and store a historical study using G. Subsequent sections explain the toolbar functionality that appears on all G templates and Bloomberg s technical applications.



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19.2 Creating and Storing Graph Templates

The following example will show you how to create and store a custom historical study using the G feature.

To get started, you ll need to select a security, commodity, currency or index. Let s choose the company Qualcomm, Inc. with ticker QCOM. Type

QCOM <Equity> G <GO>.

The resulting G screen gives a menu. If you have never used G, you will only see the first selection, Add a new graph worksheet, listed on this page. Once created, your study will always appear on this menu as a selection. For example, the third menu item is listed as G 3 VPTest 1. Here the number 3 corresponds to the G template number.

Figure 9

To access this previous graph directly, enter QCOM <Equity> G3 <GO>. Now that you understand how to access these already created graph worksheets, let s create a new one.



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Creating a graph worksheet is a simple process of making selections in response to prompts from pop-up windows. Selecting the Add a new graph worksheet option prompts you to select a type of graph (displayed below).

Figure 10

Let s select option #1 by clicking on it. Now we are prompted to enter a name for this graph.



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Figure 11

We enter Example 1 as the name of this graph. We then press <GO> to continue with this process. We are now prompted for a Date range and a Period type. Let s enter the date range as 01/01/02 to 06/01/02, and the period as D Daily. The Roll field specifies if we want to roll the period to the current date or not. Let s say Y for the Roll field.



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Figure 12

When we press <GO>, we get the following screen, prompting us for the Graph type.

Let s choose the Candle Chart option for this screen. You just have to click on the option shown.



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Figure 13

Another pop-up window will appear. This menu lists options to add studies, change existing studies, and define dates/periods.



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Figure 14

Let s choose the first selection, Add Study as displayed above. Doing so, presents you with a number of choices. If you don t see an option listed here press <PAGE FWD> for more options.



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Figure 15

In this example, we will choose Simple Moving Average by entering 1 <GO>. Once added, G constructs the graph and a pop-up window will re-appear prompting you to add another study or alter the existing one. To remove the pop-up window, press <MENU>.



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Figure 16

To adjust the moving average period

1. Click on the Edit option in the toolbar. 2. Now select the Existing Study option. 3. You will get a list of studies you have selected for this particular graph.

Here we see two options: Price and SMAvg (5) on price.



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Figure 17

Since our intention is to change the Simple Moving Average time period, we click on the SMAvg (5) on Price option.



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Figure 18

Now we select option #1, Change Properties and change the number of time periods to 20 days. So, now we get a 20 day Simple Moving Average.



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Figure 19

By repeating this process, we can add RSI and MACD studies to this template using the Add Study option under the Edit tab.

When we have added RSI and MACD, using the Edit/Add Study option, we get the following screen.



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Figure 20

To copy an existing study and save it as another template, enter 5 <Go>. To send the graph via Bloomberg email to another Bloomberg user, choose 6<Go>. To delete the graph, choose or 7 <Go>.

Once completed, the G study will reside on the G menu.



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Figure 21

Quickly access G studies by entering {security} <yellow key> G# <Go>.

For example, the G4 template was created using Qualcomm, Inc., but you can apply this study to any security or index.

Entering DELL<Equity>G4<GO> applies the same custom study to DELL Computer Corp.



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Figure 22

Now you know how to set up graphic worksheets. The next section will focus on the G s toolbar functionality--the real power that underlies Bloomberg s graph worksheets.



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19.3 Using the G Toolbar and Technical Analysis

Since charting is a subjective art, technicians want to display what they think will best help them call the market . The real power that underlies Bloomberg s graph worksheets (G) stems from the G toolbar. With this toolbar you can customize your charts to display what you want to see and how you want to see it.

IMPORTANT NOTE: You might not get all the options in the Toolbar mentioned below. To get all the options discussed below, you will have to check your personal defaults for graphs and technical analysis. You can do that by entering TDEF <GO> and use <PAGE FWD> to go to page 4/4.

Use this screen; place an X in boxes next to the buttons to display them in toolbar.

Figure 23



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Show Legend:

Click on <Show Legend> for summary information associated with the security being analyzed. A red box contains the last, high, average, and low price of the security. It also shows the closing value for the measurements in the studies you ve added to the graph.

This Example that produced Figures 20 and 22 shows SMAvg in the box and displays closing information for RSI and MACD in smaller separate red boxes.

The <Show Legend> acts as a toggle button and removes the legend when you click on it again. It removes all the legends shown in the different parts of the screen. To view the legends, just click on the <Show Legend> again.

Track Mouse:

Clicking on the <Track Mouse> allows one to display the date, price and technical study value for each bar. Once enabled, the legend box shows a bar s open, high, low, and last/close prices. By scrolling the pointer across any bar, you will get the price points from that date, as well as the value of any technical study that is running on the chart for that specific day.

Even if you have switched off the legend by using the <Show Legend> button, the legend appears when you use the <Track Mouse> button to display values for each bar.

Lines

When you click on the <Lines> button, you get a list of options that can be used on this chart. The options shown are:

- Trend line - Fibonacci line - Move line - Copy line - Remove line

Trend line

Click on the Trend Line to forecast price movements. You can draw multiple lines on any graph. There are two ways to draw a trend line;

Method 1

To draw a trend line for two specific points, click on Trend Line. This changes your cursor to a crosshatch. Move your cursor to the point on the graph where the trend line begins, click and hold mouse. Then drag the cursor to the point on the graph where the trend line ends and release the mouse.



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Method 2

To draw an extended trend line, click on Trend Line. This changes your cursor to a crosshatch. Move your cursor to the point on the graph where the trend line begins and click the mouse. An extended trend line appears. Move your cursor to set the line in place and click the mouse again.

You have now drawn a trend line now. If you want to draw another trend line, just repeat the above process.

Figure 24

Fibonacci Line:

Click on Fibonacci to use Fibonacci percentage retracement levels to help you determine price objectives. This changes your cursor to a crosshatch. Move your cursor to the point on the graph where the Fibonacci retracement levels begin and click mouse. Then move your cursor up or down and click the mouse to set levels. The procedure adds the Fibonacci retracement levels to Figure 24 and produces Figure 25.



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Figure 25

Move Line:

Click on Move line to move trend lines and Fibonacci percentage retracement levels that you added to the graph. Move your cursor to the trend line/ retracement levels until your cursor changes to a crosshatch, then click and hold. Drag the cursor and reposition the trend line/retracement levels to another point on the graph, then release. You must click Move Line each time you want to move a trend line/retracement levels.



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Copy Line:

Click on Copy line to copy trend lines and Fibonacci percentage retracement levels that you added to the graph. Move your cursor to the trend line/ retracement levels until your cursor changes to a crosshatch, then click and hold. Drag the cursor and reposition the trend line/retracement levels to another point on the graph, then release. This process leaves the original line/level fixed and adds another line/level. You must click Copy Line each time you want to copy a trend line/retracement levels.

Remove Line:

Click on Remove line to remove trend lines and Fibonacci percentage retracement levels that you added to the graph. Move your cursor to the trend line/ retracement levels until your cursor changes to a crosshatch and click. You must click Remove Line each time you want to remove a trend line/retracement levels.

Magnet

Click on <Magnet> to assist in connecting a trend line to an extreme high or low point when drawing a trend line. Magnet defaults to on when you access the function. For instance, if you are drawing a trend line to a high point, magnet automatically snaps the trend line to that point.

Note. A common mistake in trend line analysis occurs when the trend line is incorrectly drawn because it does not connect to the extreme high or low point, thereby throwing off the analysis.

News

Click on News to display a list of headlines that correspond to a specific time or date on the graph. Move your cursor to a specific time or date, and then click your mouse. A list of headlines for the time or date you selected appears in descending chronological order. Each headline displays the wire code for the news service that provides the story and the time or date of the headline. A white checkmark to the left of the wire code indicates that the story has attachments. A white arrow next to a wire code indicates that the story is a multimedia report. To display a news story, or to see headlines for the previous day or the next day, enter (Menu-number} <GO>. If you choose to display a news story, additional instructions or options appear on the screen, if applicable.

Press <MENU> to return to the graph, from the news story.



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Zoom

If you want to zoom into a particular area on the graph, then click the Zoom button.

Using your mouse, left-click and drag the mouse to form a rectangle around the area where you want to zoom in. When you have selected the area, release the mouse, and the graph now zooms in to that particular area.

Click on the graph and drag it to the left to reduce the data displayed. Similarly, dragging to the right increases the data displayed, or lets you look at more price history than your standard defaults.

By clicking your mouse into the price range on the right-hand side of the chart, you can re-scale the price field. Dragging higher (upward) stretches out the price range, essentially zooming in on each bar s height. Dragging lower (downward) contracts the price range, essentially making each bar shorter.

Double-clicking into the date range on the bottom resets the original defaulted date range.

Double-clicking into the price range re-scales the price range to view all prices from the date range shown on the bottom.

Double-clicking into the middle of the chart resets the original chart defaults.

Study

When you click study, you get a list of all the study panels you have below the main price graph. This list acts as a toggle button. In this case, you get RSI and MACD as your options on the list. When you click on RSI, the RSI panel disappears and is not shown on the screen. When you click the RSI option again, it reappears on the screen.

Setting Graph Defaults

As mentioned earlier in this document, you can customize a number of graph features and specific technical analysis studies using TDEF <Go>.

See page 1 of TDEF <GO> for: general and historical graph parameters. See page 2 of TDEF <GO> for: historical technical study defaults (historical). See page 3 of TDEF <GO> for: intraday graph parameters and technical study

defaults. See page 4 of TDEF <GO> for: toolbar customization and Fibonacci defaults.



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20 CUSTOMIZING THE ECONOMIC EVENTS CALENDAR

20.1 CECO, EVNT

Use CECO to create a customized calendar of upcoming economic events that you can display through EVNT <GO>. You can create different country and calendar type combinations.

Once you enter CECO <GO>, enter your selections in the highlighted fields.

Figure 26



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Figure 27

In the above screen, we have entered Economic Releases in the United States to be displayed, when EVNT <GO> is entered.

When, EVNT <GO>, is entered we get the following screen.

Note: Your name will appear on the above screen if you use your personal log in profile.



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Figure 28



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21 CUSTOMIZING DEFAULT SETTINGS

21.1 PDF

Type PDF <Go> for a menu of personal settings and initial parameters for screen displays and analytics. The upper portion of the screen lists general defaults that affect all yellow key functions.

Figure 29

The selections on the lower portion of the screen pertain to each yellow key s market sector. Alter parameters for each market sector to suit your specifications.

For instance, if we choose option #9, which is for Equities, we get the following screen.



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Figure 30

We can use the TAB key to go to a specific input capable field or we can also click on that field. We now get a list of options available for that particular field.

For instance, if we go to the field Value Type , we get the following screen.



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Figure 31

Once you have made your choices, press <GO> for these choices to take effect.



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22 NEWS AND ECONOMIC STATISTICS

22.1 ECONOMIC STATISTICS

- To display a list of economic statistics on a particular country, type ECST <GO>. From this screen, select a country, and a list of economic statistics and their shortcuts will be displayed.

a) Economic Calendars

- To display the economic calendar for a particular country, type WECO <GO> and then choose the country of interest.

Example: Type WECO <GO>, then click on the United States. - The shortcut to the US economic calendar is ECO <GO>.

Figure C.2.1 This screen displays the economic calendar for the United States.



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- The above screen can be scrolled through to view past, current, and future economic releases. The year of interest may be changed using the pull-down menu called Past and Future. - The box at the bottom of the screen has links to other information that is related to economic statistics.

b) Federal Open Market Committee

- To display the Federal Open Market Committee calendar, type FOMC <GO>.

Example: Type FOMC <GO>

Figure C.2.2. This screen displays the announcement dates for the FOMC and other related options.

- The dates can be selected to display the economists estimates. - The box at the bottom includes other Bloomberg functions related to the Federal Reserve.



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22.2 News

Bloomberg has an extensive news section and requires experience to become familiar with the various ways to navigate and search through the information.

a) The News Menu

Bloomberg s news menu lists the news categories that can be viewed.

- To view all of the news categories, type N <GO>. The following news menu will be displayed:

Figure C.1.1. This screen displays the news categories that Bloomberg has available.

- Clicking on any category will allow viewing of news from that category.

b) Top News Stories



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- To access the top news headlines, type TOP <GO>, NEWS <GO>, or press the green <NEWS> button on the number pad.

Figure C.1.2. This screen displays the top news stories of the day.

- Selecting any of the news categories will bring you to that category.

c) News articles

- Click on a news article to view it.

Example: From figure C.1.2., type 4 <GO> (alternately, click on the article)



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Figure C.1.4. This screen displays the news article J.P. Morgan

- The article can be printed, downloaded, or emailed to someone using the options dropdown menu. - Note that the green print button on the top of the screen will only print the screen, while the print option in the dropdown menu will print the entire article.

- To search for keywords within the article, use the search box at the top of the screen.

- If you have questions regarding the article, the email of the writer is highlighted at the bottom of the article.

d) Search News

Searching News within Bloomberg is essential since Bloomberg produces a tremendous amount of news articles each day.

- To search for news indices, type NI <GO> and either scroll through the categories or search using a keyword.



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- NI keyword <GO> is a shortcut that bypasses the news index search menu.

- To search for news on a company, type the ticker <yellow market key> CN <GO>.

Example: HD <EQUITY> CN <GO>

Figure C.1.4. This screen displays all the news related to Home Depot.

- The search can be refined using either the search box or the options dropdown menu.

- To search using multiple keywords, use TNI <GO>.



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Figure C.1.5. This screen displays the search options for the function TNI.

- The highlighted boxes can be used to customize the search.

- Typing TNI keyword1 keyword2 <GO> is a shortcut for the TNI function



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23 MISCELLANEOUS

23.1 BU (Bloomberg University)

Just type BU <GO>, and you ll get lots of information on Bloomberg events, seminars, and the Bloomberg Product Certification Program.



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When you are interested in taking seminars or production certification held by Bloomberg, choose the region where you are. Then you can see the seminar list and register for them. Make sure you have your own login name before you register for them.



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23.2 A good place for tips and tricks

Type Easy <GO> You can get lots of information on Bloomberg Shortcuts and Mnemonic Shortcuts and so on.



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23.3 Job opportunities

Type Jobs<GO> When you are looking for a job, try this.



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24 CHARTING ON BLOOMBERG

24.1 Price Quotes / Market Quotes

Stock prices can be found in the market by typing the ticker <EQUITY> BQ <GO>

Example: HD <Equity> BQ <GO>

Figure B.1.1. This screen displays data used to analyze the stock price for an equity security and compares the equity with some of the industry competitors.

- The screen can be customized using the tabs at the top of the page. The graphs within the screen can also be customized by clicking on the graph options above the graph. - Click on a news headline to view the article.



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Example: To find data about the US treasury and money market, type BTMM <GO>

Figure B.1.2. This screen displays data relevant to US treasury and money markets.

- Hold down the left button on the mouse when over a particular security to view a menu of other data choices for that security. - The country of interest can be changed using the drop down menu on the top left of the screen.



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24.2 Single Security Charts

The first level of Bloomberg chart creation is the single security chart. There are several different types of charts available to the user.

a) Historical Price Charts

- To display a historical price chart for an equity, type the ticker <Equity> GPO <GO>

Example: HD <Equity> GPO <GO>

Figure B.2.1. This chart displays the historical prices of Home Depot. The chart also includes 20 days and 30 days moving average line.

- The chart can be customized by clicking on any of the highlighted boxes and changing the values.



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b) Candlestick Price Charts

- To display a candlestick price chart for an equity, type the ticker <Equity> GPC <GO>

Example: HD <Equity> GPC <GO>

Figure B.2.2. This chart displays the historical prices of Home Depot along with the 20 and 30 day moving averages.

- The highlighted boxes can be selected for customization.



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c) Intraday Price Charts

- To display an intraday price chart for an equity, type the ticker <Equity> GIP <GO>

Example: HD <Equity> GIP <GO>

Figure B.2.3. This chart displays the intraday prices for Home Depot.



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24.3 Multiple security charts

Bloomberg can create multiple security charts using the graph worksheet.

- To display the graph worksheet, type G <GO>.

Figure B.3.1. This screen displays graph worksheets. Choosing choice 1) will add a new worksheet.

- Select 1) to start a new worksheet. - The dropdown menus can be used to add and delete worksheets.



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The following example will serve as a template for creating multiple security charts:

Example: Plot the close price of Home Depot (HD) against the S&P 500 index (SPX)

Step 1: Add a new worksheet.

- Type 1 <GO>, Add Worksheet , from the graph worksheet menu (Fig B.3.1)

Step 2: Choose a type of graph.

- For a multiple security historical chart, type 3 <GO>, Multiple Security Historical

Figure B.3.2. The menu Create a Graph pops up when Add Worksheet is chosen.

Step 3: Type the name of the graph, <GO>.



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Step 4: Enter a date range.

- Click on the highlighted boxes to change the date ranges and the periodicity.

Figure B.3.3. This screen allows for date ranges to be entered.

- This example will use the default date ranges and the periodicity of D , daily. To proceed to the next screen press the <PAGE FWD> or <GO> key.

Step 5: Choose a line type.

- Three different line types are available, security, spread, and ratio. We will choose 1 <GO> to add a security.



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Step 6: Add data from a security

- From the screen shown below, a security must be entered and the data from that security must also be selected from a list. The scaling and currency can also be modified.

Figure B.3.4. This screen is displayed first, allowing a choice of security.

- To add Home Depot, type HD US <EQUITY> in the current security box. Do not press <GO>.



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- Click on the Bloomberg screen outside the popup window.

Figure B.3.5. This screen allows for customization of the security data.

- The data can be customized by changing the highlighted boxes under the Choose Item menu - The first row, default Last Price , displays a list of data types that correspond to the security chosen. - The second row, default Day-Session Data, displays a list of session types available. - The currency and scaling can also be customized from this screen. - To save your changes and proceed, press <GO>.

- This example will use the defaults.



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Step 7: Add another security

- The same procedure used in step 6 can be repeated here for another security.

Figure B.3.6. This screen allows the addition of another line to the graph.

- For the example, type 1 <GO> to add a security, then SPX <INDEX> <GO> at the next screen.



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- Bloomberg will then allow an addition of a third line. The maximum lines allowed are four.

Figure B.3.7. This screen allows for the addition of a third line to the graph.

Step 8: Press <MENU> to finish.



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- This is the final graph that we have created

Figure B.3.8. This graph shows the last price of Home Depot and the S&P 500 over a selected time period.

- Once a graph has been created, the dropdown menus at the top of the screen can be used to edit the graph. - The next time that the graph worksheet menu is accessed (G <GO>), the name of the graph will be listed and can be displayed by selecting it



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25 MULTIPLE SECURITY ANALYTICS

HMSM <GO> : 4 in 1 customizable price graph.

HMSM graphs historical relationships among market indices, economic statistics, equities, bonds, and portfolios in a single graph. You can use HMSM to compare the price/yield movements of different securities so that you can gauge their performance against each other over a specific time frame. HMSM allows you to save up to 20 different 4 in 1 graphs using various data ranges and time series.

To access, type

{Ticker Symbol} <EQUITY> HMSM <GO>

Step by Step example

The following example illustrates how you can use HMSM to track the effect of various economic indicators on the U.S. Stock market and potentially on US monetary policy. Such a graph can help you project where the economy is headed and how it will impact interest rates.

1. Enter HMSM <GO>. You get the following screen.



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Figure 34

2. To access an **undefined** 4-In-1 graph set up screen, we either click on the option or enter the required menu-number and then press <GO>. Here we click on option number 3.



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Figure 35

3. Enter a name for the graph in the Name field. For this example, enter Template1.

In the field next to name, you can enter 1 to view the security names or 2 to view the tickers.

For this example, enter 1 to view security names.

Enter SPX and press the <INDEX> key in the highlighted field labeled 1 to graph the Standard and Poor s 500 as part of your analysis.

In the field to the right of the scale fields, enter USD as the currency. We will view the example in terms of US dollars.

Enter INDU and press the <INDEX> key in the highlighted field labeled 2 to graph the Dow Jones Industrial index as part of your analysis.

Enter IBM and press the <EQUITY> key in the highlighted field labeled 3 to graph IBM s share price as part of your analysis.



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Enter CSCO and press the <EQUITY> key in the highlighted field labeled 4 to graph Cisco s share price as part of your analysis.

Enter a date range for the last year in the Range field. - Enter (M) monthly in the Period field as the US

Consumer Price Index and the Fed Funds Target Rate are released as monthly figures.

- Enter a (Y) in the normalize field. - Enter (0) in the Dates field since we are using the date

range entered in the Range field for this example.

Now press <GO> and you get the following screen, for the given input values.

Figure 36

Note. On the right hand side of the above screen, the top most line refers to the Dow Jones Industrials index, the next line refers to the S&P 500 Index, the third line from the top refers to the Cisco stock and the bottom most line refers to the IBM stock.



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The vertical scale in the above screen can be modified by changing the scale factor corresponding to each of the above components. The scale factor is the number next to the Index or equity name and is given by PxScale factor .

For instance, in the above screen (figure 36) the scale factor for S&P 500 Index is 0.087 and the scale factor for CSCO share is 5.081.

Changing the scale factor is not advisable as Bloomberg selects the scale factors in such a way so as to show all the components in a single frame.

Benefits

This graph, which we have named Template1, can be used to view correlations between US stock market, IBM s stock price and Cisco s stock price. Once created, you can save the Template1 Graph and access it later.

To save, enter 1 and press <GO>.

This example demonstrates just one of the many uses for HMSM.

You can also use HMS to graph a specific bond or equity against an index or economic indicator, or you may want to graph your portfolio against an index.

Customize HMS to match your particular needs. It can be a useful tool for analyzing historical relationships and drawing conclusions about trends and correlations that can be incorporated into your economic outlook, to help you monitor relative value of your portfolio and gain insight for future investment decisions.

MRA <GO> : Multiple Regression Analysis.

Use MRA to create, save, and retrieve up to 20 unique regression matrixes. MRA estimates the strength of a historical relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. You can study the relationships between the variables to gather insight into future market developments.

To access, type

MRA <GO>

To specify the period, enter



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MRA {matrix number} {period code} <GO>.

Period codes include (D) daily, (W) weekly, (M) Monthly, (Q) Quarterly, and (Y) yearly.

Example

To analyze the statistical relationship between the US dollar-yen exchange rate and US Treasury bond futures, first enter MRA <GO.

Figure 37

Now, select an **undefined** Multiple Regression Creation screen. You can click on the options shown. Here, we click on the fourth option.

Enter a name for the analysis in the highlighted field at the top of the screen. We name this template as MRA temp1 . To examine the effect that changes in the dollar-yen exchange rate have on Treasury bond futures, enter US1 <CMDTY> in the Dependent variable field. This assigns the value of whatever Treasury bond futures contract is closest to expiration historically as the dependent



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variable in the analysis, Enter JPY <CMDTY> in the first Independent variable field to assign the spot yen price as the only independent variable in the analysis.

After you enter the variables and press <GO>, default settings for DATA, VALUE, MARKET, YIELD TYPE, TRADING DAY, LOG TYPE, and LAG appear on the screen. These default settings works well for this regression, so you can leave them unchanged. The default settings for Statistics & Display at the bottom left of the screen will also work well. In the Tabular Display column at the bottom right of the screen, you can select four data categories to display in tabular form for the time period of your analysis. Select Security 1 price, R2, Correlation coefficient, and residuals to display three statistical measures as well as the price of the Treasury bond future.

Enter <GO> and then 1 <GO> to save your MRA parameters.

Figure 38



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Enter 2 <GO> to view the results of the regression analysis.

Figure 39

The above screen shows that there are seven pages in total. Use the <PAGE FWD> and <PAGE BACK> buttons to navigate through these seven pages.



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25.1.1 SPOT TRENDS

GPO <GO> : Price bar graph with Moving Average

GPO graphs high, low, open, and closing historical prices and two moving averages for a selected security. You can also choose to graph the volume, value traded, and/or open interest, if applicable. You can use the GPO to graph the performance of a security over a period of time so you can analyze patterns in historical price movements.


{Ticker Symbol} <EQUITY> GPO <GO>

Roll a weekly or Monthly chart to the present date. Enter

GPO (W or M) ROLL <GO>

Year-to-Date graph. Enter

GPO YTD <GO>

For an illustration with Candlestick charts, enter

CNDL <GO>

For instance, to access the Price Bar Graph for IBM US, type

IBM US <EQUITY> GPO GO>.

Figure 40



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