Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as viruses) transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material such as certain bodily fluids

• Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms are microorganisms (such as viruses)(such as viruses) transmitted through transmitted through blood, or other blood, or other potentially infectious potentially infectious material such as certain material such as certain bodily fluids bodily fluids (semen, (semen, breast milk, etc.)breast milk, etc.) or or tissues.tissues.

Bloodborne PathogensBloodborne Pathogens

• Bodily fluids, especially those Bodily fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with visibly contaminated with blood, are capable of causing blood, are capable of causing disease. disease.

• Pathogens can enter your Pathogens can enter your body through a cut in the skin, body through a cut in the skin, through your eyes or mouth.through your eyes or mouth.

• Can also be transmitted Can also be transmitted sexuallysexually

• Main diseases of concern are Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B (and C) virus, and Hepatitis B (and C) virus, and HIV (AIDS virus).HIV (AIDS virus).

Bloodborne PathogensBloodborne Pathogens

• HIV attacks your body’s HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself ability to protect itself against diseaseagainst disease

• Initially no visible signs of Initially no visible signs of having the virushaving the virus

• Most people with HIV Most people with HIV develop AIDS develop AIDS (acquired (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)immune deficiency syndrome)

• There is There is nono vaccination vaccination for HIVfor HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HIVHIV

• Virus lives outside the body only Virus lives outside the body only a few hoursa few hours

• 4 modes of transfer:4 modes of transfer:1 bloodblood2 semensemen3 vaginal secretionsvaginal secretions4 breast milkbreast milk

HIVHIV

10-50 virus particles per ml of blood10-50 virus particles per ml of blood

Aids Statistics from CDCAids Statistics from CDC



• Up to 100 times Up to 100 times easier to catch easier to catch than HIVthan HIV

• Unlike HIV, can Unlike HIV, can live outside of live outside of body for several body for several daysdays

Hepatitis B Virus

Hepatitis B (and C)Hepatitis B (and C)

Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Various Body FluidsVarious Body Fluids

Hepatitis BHepatitis B

• 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per virus particles per ml of bloodml of blood

• Virus can live outside the body for several daysVirus can live outside the body for several days

HIV vs. Hepatitis BHIV vs. Hepatitis B

Hepatitis CHepatitis C

• 3-4 million carriers3-4 million carriers• Disease can Disease can

incubate for incubate for decadesdecades

• By 2010 may affect By 2010 may affect more Americans more Americans each year than AIDSeach year than AIDS

• HCV not related to HCV not related to the viruses that the viruses that cause HBA and cause HBA and HBVHBV



• Risk Factors:Risk Factors:– Long-term kidney Long-term kidney

dialysisdialysis– Sex with multiple Sex with multiple

partnerspartners– Tattooing or body Tattooing or body

piercing with shared piercing with shared needles or unsterilized needles or unsterilized equipmentequipment

– Intranasal cocaine use Intranasal cocaine use with shared strawswith shared straws

Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a tattoo needle

Hepatitis B (and C)Hepatitis B (and C)

• There is no cure for Hepatitis B or There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C…C…

• but unlike HIV, there is a but unlike HIV, there is a vaccination for Hepatitis Bvaccination for Hepatitis B. .

(There is no vaccination for Hepatitis (There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C)C)

HBV and HCVHBV and HCV

• Liver is located behind Liver is located behind the lower ribs on the the lower ribs on the right side of your right side of your abdomen abdomen

• Weighs about 3 Weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly pounds and is roughly the size of a football.the size of a football.

• If infected with HBV, If infected with HBV, the liver often the liver often becomes tender and becomes tender and enlargedenlarged

Some signs and symptoms of HBV Some signs and symptoms of HBV and HBC include:and HBC include:

• Flu-like symptomsFlu-like symptoms

• fatiguefatigue

• jaundicejaundice

• severe pain in jointssevere pain in joints

• lung diseaselung disease

• inflammation of liverinflammation of liver

• inflammation on and ulcers of the coloninflammation on and ulcers of the colon

• may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated)may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated)

normal

Yellow from

jaundice

HepatitisHepatitis

AcuteAcute:: 6-8 weeks, 90%6-8 weeks, 90%– 30-40% with acute HBV have no idea how or when 30-40% with acute HBV have no idea how or when

they became infectedthey became infected– 5-15% of infected carry virus for longer than 6 months 5-15% of infected carry virus for longer than 6 months

(carriers)(carriers)

Chronic:Chronic: Life, 10% Life, 10%

– Hepatitis B carriers are people infected with HBV and never fully recover. They carry the virus and can infect others for the rest of their lives

– Approximately one million people in the US carry HBV

Risk Factors for Acute Hepatitis BRisk Factors for Acute Hepatitis B

Hepatitis BHepatitis B

• ““The risk of contracting Hepatitis B The risk of contracting Hepatitis B from a single needlestick from a single needlestick contaminated with blood from a contaminated with blood from a person with known Hepatitis B ranges person with known Hepatitis B ranges from 6% to 30%.”from 6% to 30%.”

• ““Approximately 10% of those infected Approximately 10% of those infected become chronic carriers who can become chronic carriers who can infect their families and friends. They infect their families and friends. They have up to 300 times greater than have up to 300 times greater than normal risk of developing liver cancer.”normal risk of developing liver cancer.”

• ““Every year, approximately 5,000 Every year, approximately 5,000 Americans, die of HBV or its Americans, die of HBV or its complications.complications.

–“…“…1 in 300 1 in 300 infected with infected with HIV”HIV”

Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, July 7, Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, July 7, 19961996

–““one in 20 people one in 20 people has or has had has or has had HepatitisHepatitis””

Statistics from Milwaukee Statistics from Milwaukee Journal/SentinelJournal/Sentinel

How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Jobon the Job

• By a sharp By a sharp object that is object that is contaminated contaminated by the virus by the virus when it cuts when it cuts or punctures or punctures your skin. your skin.

How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Jobon the Job

• When you When you touch a touch a contaminated contaminated surface and surface and then touch then touch your eyes, your eyes, nose, mouth, nose, mouth, or open or open wounds or wounds or inflamed skininflamed skin

• When a contaminated object touches inflamed When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, skin abrasions skin, acne, skin abrasions

• OnlyOnly PPS Employees at moderate risk are PPS Employees at moderate risk are included in the campus included in the campus Bloodborne Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control PlanPathogens Exposure Control Plan. .

• Employees in the plan can receive HBV Employees in the plan can receive HBV vaccinations at no cost.vaccinations at no cost.

• There are specific training, engineering, There are specific training, engineering, and work practice controls for those and work practice controls for those potentially at risk of exposure to BBP on potentially at risk of exposure to BBP on the jobthe job..

How to Reduce Your RiskHow to Reduce Your Risk

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS/UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS/

STANDARD PRECAUTIONSSTANDARD PRECAUTIONS::

– AA system of infection control which system of infection control which assumes that all human blood and certain assumes that all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be body fluids are treated as if known to be infectiousinfectious..


Use Spill Kit for Clean-upUse Spill Kit for Clean-up

Kit Includes:Kit Includes:• Face MaskFace Mask• GlovesGloves• GogglesGoggles• Sharps Disposal Sharps Disposal

ContainerContainer• VobanVoban• Fluid Control SolidifierFluid Control Solidifier• Personal Safety Personal Safety

Equipment Cleaning Equipment Cleaning PadsPads


• Don’t Recap NeedlesDon’t Recap Needles


• Do not bend, shear, break or recap needles

• If you must recap, use one-handed method

• Needles and other sharps must be Needles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containersresistance containers



• When emptying When emptying trash containers, trash containers, do not use your do not use your hands to hands to compress the compress the trash in the bag. trash in the bag.


• Lift and carry the Lift and carry the trash bag away trash bag away from your bodyfrom your body

• Do not eat, drink, Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply smoke, apply cosmetics or cosmetics or handle contact handle contact lenses in areas lenses in areas where there is the where there is the possibility of possibility of exposure to BBP, exposure to BBP, such as in UWM such as in UWM labslabs


Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

• Gloves, masks, eye protection, Gloves, masks, eye protection, CPR microshieldsCPR microshields

• Get Spill Kit from Get Spill Kit from Janitorial ClosetJanitorial Closet

• Put on gloves. Put on gloves.

Body Fluid Cleanup ProceduresBody Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• If splashing is anticipated, If splashing is anticipated, wear protective eyewear wear protective eyewear and maskand mask


• Remove Remove visible visible material with material with absorbent absorbent towelstowels


• Area should be Area should be decontaminated for decontaminated for 10 minutes10 minutes

• Once the area has Once the area has been disinfected, been disinfected, dry area with dry area with absorbent towels absorbent towels and dispose of and dispose of towels in regular towels in regular trashtrash


• Glove Glove removal and removal and disposal disposal techniquetechnique


Glove Removal and DisposalGlove Removal and Disposal

• Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down until it comes off inside out. Cup it in the palm of your gloved hand.

• Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove.

Glove Removal and DisposalGlove Removal and Disposal

• Peel that Peel that glove down so glove down so that it also that it also comes off comes off inside out and inside out and over the first over the first glove.glove.

• Properly Properly dispose of the dispose of the gloves.gloves.

• Wash hands well.Wash hands well.


VaccinationVaccination

• Very low risk vaccineVery low risk vaccine• Three doses over 6 monthsThree doses over 6 months• Must receive all three dosesMust receive all three doses• >79% effective>79% effective• Free to employeesFree to employees

• May decline vaccine (but must sign May decline vaccine (but must sign waiver)waiver)

• May receive vaccine laterMay receive vaccine later

Accident/Injury ReportAccident/Injury Report

• Complete Complete report as soon report as soon as possible as possible after incidentafter incident

• Turn in to your Turn in to your supervisorsupervisor

• Form is Form is submitted to submitted to Workers Workers CompensationCompensation

ConclusionConclusion

Thank You!Thank You!

Any Any Questions?Questions?

Documents

Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as viruses) transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material such as certain bodily fluids