Blood enters the heart through the and vena cava into the. Blood then travels through the valve into...
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Blood enters the heart through the and vena cava into the. Blood then travels through the valve into the. Blood then travels through the valve into the
Blood enters the heart through the and vena cava into the.
Blood then travels through the valve into the. Blood then travels
through the valve into the to the to pick up and release. Blood
returns to the heart through the into the Blood goes through the
valve into the Blood is pumped out of the to the rest of the.
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VITALS SIGNS
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BLOOD PRESSURE (BP) When the heart pumps blood into the
arteries, the surge of blood filling the vessels creates pressure
against the vessels walls Represented by two numbers: systolic and
diastolic Systolic pressure is the higher pressure number
Contraction of the left ventricle Diastolic pressure is the lower
pressure number Relaxation of the ventricle Average adult blood
pressure is 120/80
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Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and
diastolic readings Average is 40 (120-80) Athletes have lower BP
due to heart being stronger and more efficient Less effort to
circulate blood High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) 140/90 Low Blood
Pressure (Hypotension) 90/40
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PULSE Rhythmical beating of the heart Expansion and contraction
of the arteries as blood flows through them The pulse can be found
in 7 different locations Brachial artery inner border of the biceps
Common Carotid artery in neck Femoral artery groin Dorsalis Pedis
artery anterior surface of the foot Popliteal artery behind the
knee Radial artery at the wrist thumb side Temporal artery slightly
above the outer edge of the eye Pulse rate for athletes is
significantly lower
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TARGET HEART RATE Percentage of the maximum heart rate that is
safe to reach during exercise AHA recommends 50-75% for average
healthy person Calculated 220-age THR is sliding scale that
decreases with age Tool for measuring cardiovascular exercise
Maintain THR for 15-30 min daily health benefits
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WOUND CARE
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TYPES OF BLEEDING All need prompt attention to prevent shock,
infection, and possible loss of life Arterial Severe bleeding
Bright red blood that spurts or pulses Corresponds to the heart
beat Can lose a large amount in a short period of time Most serious
type and can be fatal Apply pressure and activate EMS
immediately
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VENOUS Steady blood flow Blood will appear bluish-red due to
lower oxygen levels Veins are closer to surface to easier to
control Direct pressure and compression best way to control
bleeding
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CAPILLARY Slow and oozes Blood clotting occurs rapidly Slow
bleeding carries a risk of infection Bandage with sterile
dressing
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PROTECTING BODY FROM EXPOSURE Protective equipment should be
worn anytime dealing with an open wound The type of injury will
determine the type of barrier needed Caregivers should always
protect themselves Wash hands before and after care Can protect
self using gloves, eyewear, and masks
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GLOVES Must be worn when treating any injury involving body
fluids Latex are the best material because they resist tears,
highly elastic, and gives the wearer good sensitivity Latex gloves
have outstanding barrier properties Individuals with a latex
allergy can buy latex-free gloves Must be discarded properly to
reduce exposure Gloves should be taken off inside out to trap any
pathogens within glove barrier
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OSHA GUIDELINES FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Organization within the
federal government that monitors outbreaks of infections Advises
affected groups on how to handle the situation and control the
spread of disease OSHA Produces standards for infections control
practice by medical care workers One of the first standards and
practice rules was the Bloodborne Pathogens rule Standard
precautions Infection control guidelines designed to protect
workers from exposure to disease spread by contact with blood or
other bodily fluids
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WOUND CARE Open wound Irrigate with clean, cool water to wash
away any foreign particles Use a mild soap to help control
infections Foreign particles must be removed or infection with
result Refer if necessary
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MINOR CUTS AND ABRASIONS Wash and dry Treat with first aid
cream to prevent infections Apply sterile bandage which should be
changed daily Bandage should be large enough to cover area Do not
secure to tight or circulation will be cut off to the area Athlete
should check for signs of infection regularly Athlete should be
instructed on how to clean and manage wounds Infected wounds
increases healing time
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BANDAGES AND DRESSING Will ensure proper healing and infection
control Dressing is the material placed directly on wound Large
enough to cover injury Sterile to prevent infection Bandage is the
material that holds the dressing in place Gauze dressing Made of
cotton, woven into a flexible absorbent cloth Occlusive dressing
Prevent air and moisture from entering or escaping the wound Often
have a petroleum gel or a thin plastic film
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BANDAGE GUIDELINES Select the proper size and material Remove
anything that interferes with bandaging Never reuse a dressing or
bandage, only use sterile material Should be snug but not too tight
Leave fingers and toes exposed to check for circulation
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SIGNS OF INFECTION Redness Swelling Increased pain Oozing of
pus Increase in body temperature Red streak on arm or leg possible
blood poisoning Emergency
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WOUND MANAGEMENT BROCHURE Use at least 3 different colors Types
of bleeding List their name and description Types of dressings List
each name and their definition Bandage guidelines List the
guidelines Signs of infection List the symptoms to look for Each
type of wound and how to clean/manage
