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BLOOD. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PART 1. FUNCTIONS of BLOOD . transports substances & maintains homeostasis in the body. Hemo = blood. hemophobia : fear of blood hemostasis : bleeding is under control hematocyte : blood cell hematemesis : vomiting blood hematuria : bloody urine - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BLOODCARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
PART 1
FUNCTIONS of BLOOD transports substances & maintains
homeostasis in the body
Hemo = blood hemophobia: fear of blood hemostasis: bleeding is under control hematocyte: blood cell hematemesis: vomiting blood hematuria: bloody urine hematopoiesis: formation of blood
cells
Blood is a type of CT made up of scattered
cells & a liquid matrix
What’s in blood?1. Cells (45%)
RBCs WBCs Platelets (plts)
2. Plasma (55%) water, a.a., proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, cellular waste
Hematocrit vol of blood cells in a sample of blood blood centrifuged then % cells
figured normal levels:
Newborns: 55-68% 10 yr olds: 36-40% Women: 38-46% Men: 42-54%
RBCs erythrocytes, hematocytes, corpuscles
formed in bone marrow shape: biconcave disc
allows for optimal surface area for diffusion of O2 & CO2
5 million/mm3 no nucleus
so no cell division live about 120 days
then phagocytosed in liver & spleen
RBCs Functions1. transport O2 thru out body (lungs
cells) hemoglobin: (hgb) large protein that O2
attaches to inside RBC2. transports CO2 thru out body (cells
lungs)
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin oxyhemoglobin: plenty of oxygen
being carried in RBCs, blood is bright red
deoxyhemoglobin: not carrying much oxygen, blood is burgundy-red
Iron critical element needed to make hgb
& normal RBCs most of body’s Fe is in RBCs
in heme portion
Erythropoietin hormone secreted by kidneys
stimulates formation of more RBCs by bone marrow
requires: vit B12 & Folic Acid
White Blood Cells (WBCs) leukocytes general function: defend the body
against pathogens
White Blood CellsType Name Function Picture
Granulocytes
Neutrophils aka
PMNspolymorpho-neutrophils
very active in phagocyting
bacteria & are present in large #s in pus of wounds,
most common of all types, normal= 60% of WBCs
(granular cytoplasm)
Eosinophils attack parasites, control allergic
reactions2% of WBC count
White Blood Cellstype Name Function Picture
Granulocytes continued
Basophils produces heparin (prevents blood
clots) & histamines (inflammatory
reaction)1% of WBC
Agranulaocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm)
Monocytes precursors of macrophages;
6% of WBC
Lymphocytes main cell of immune system
30% of WBC
Platelets (plts) thrombocytes cell fragments formed from
megakaryocyte, live ~4 days help initiate formation of blood clots
release clotting factors
Plasma 92% water Functions:
transport nutrients, gases, vitamins, hormones
maintain fluid & electrolyte balance maintains normal pH
Plasma Proteins1. Albumins
made in liver maintain osmotic pressure & blood vol.
2. Globulins α & β, from liver transport lipids & fat-soluble vitamins
3. Fibrinogen from liver, largest of plasma proteins in blood clotting fibrin
Hemostasis process of stopping bleeding1. blood vessel spasm
damaged vessel smooth muscle to contract slows or stops blood loss
plts release serotonin (vasoconstrictor)2. plt plug forms
plts become sticky forming plug over damaged area
3. Coagulation forms hematoma/fibrinogen fibrin
Coagulation when tissue damaged damaged
cells release prothrombin activator (with Ca++)
prothrombin thrombin thrombin acts as enzyme to cause
fibrinogen fibrin fibrin traps plts & RBCs to form
hematoma (blood clot w/in vessel)
Coagulation Pathway
Clotting Animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--
bZUeb83uU