BLOODBy,M.SoundharyaXI B What is Blood?Boods a specazedbody-udnanmas whch devers necessary substances such as nutrents andoxygento cesand transports metaboc waste products away from the cesIt conssts of ud matrx , pasma and formed eementsConstituents of bloodPlasma Pasma a straw coouredVscous ud 55 % of the bood Contans: Water= 93%Protens = 6-8%Most abundant pasma protens: abumns, gobuns, and brnogenPlasma ProteinsAbumnsHep n osmotc baanceGobunsare nvoved n defense mechansms of the body. FbrnogenEssenta n process of bood cottngFormed elementsErythrocytesKnown as red bood ces (RBC)bconcave-shape No nuceus n mature red bood ceMan component = haemogobnPrmary functon = transport oxygen to ces of bodyAverage fe span = approxmatey 120 daysFormed elementsLeucocytesKnown as whte bood ces (WBC) Mature WBC has a nuceusdoes not have haemogobnTwo categoresgranuocytes agranuocytes Granuocytes have granues n ther cytopasm Agranuocytes have no granues n ther cytopasm GranulocytesNeutrophsMost abundant ces of WBCPhagocytcn nature whch destroy foregn organsms enterng the bodyBasophsLeast abundant of a WBCsSecrete hstamne durng aergc reactonsSecrete heparn - a natura antcoaguantInvoved n nammatory reactonsGranulocytesEosnophsConsttute approxmatey 2-3 percent of a WBCsResst nfectons and are aso ahected wth aergc reactonsAgranulocytesLymphocytesConsttute approxmatey 20-25 percent of a WBCsAre of two types B typeT typeBoth B and T forms are responsbe for mmune responses of the bodyThrombocytesThrombocytesces fragments produced from megakaryocytesAso known as pateetsContan no heamogobnEssenta for norma cottng of boodBlood GrousBood Type AHas A-antgen present on RBCHas Ant-B antbody present n pasmaBood Type BHas B-antgen present on RBCHas Ant-A antbody present n pasmaBood Type ABHas AB-antgens present on RBCHas no antbodes present n pasmaBood Type OHas no antgens present on RBCHas both ant-A and Ant-B antbodes present n pasmaBlood Grous!hhhh hUnversa Donor Bood Type ONo A antgens or B antgens present on ts RBCsUnversa Recpent BoodType ABNo ant-A or Ant-B antgens present n ts pasmaBlood Grous"h FactorRh Postve (Rh+)Rh antgen s present on the RBCRh Negatve (Rh-)Rh antgen not present on the RBCIf an Rh negatve women bears an Rh postve foetus, at the tme of devery of the rst chd, when foeta bood comes n contact wth the mothers bood , ant-Rh -antbodes are formed by the mothers bood.These antbodes reman n the bood of the mother for a ong perod of tmeIf a second Rh- postve foetus s gven brth by the mother, then the ant Rh- antbodesn the mothers bood enter the foeta crcuaton and destroy the RBCs, t resuts n |aundce and severe anaema n the new born.Such a condton s known as erythrobastoss foetas."h FactorBlood ClottingCottng of bood = coaguatonIn|ury to bood vesse creates roughened area n vessePateets come n contact wth rough spot and dsntegrate Reease substance caed thrombopastnThrombopastn converts prothrombn nto thrombn In presence of cacum ons and other cottng factorsThrombn converts brnogen nto brn Fbrn threads form a mesh that forms the cotThan# you