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www.csiro.au
Blockchain asaPlatformDr. LimingZhu,ResearchDirector,SoftwareandComputationalSystemsMarch2016
Blockchain|LimingZhu2 |
Blockchain|LimingZhu3 |
Outline• Blockchain background• Innovationsusingblockchain asaplatform• APIs opportunities• Researchchallenges• Summary
Blockchain|LimingZhu4 |
Blockchain asaPlatformBackground
ProblemsofTrustedThirdParties• Centralization• Singlepointoffailure
• Accesscontrolacrosssystems• Systeminternalstatusisopaque• Policiesandadministrationaredonebyothers
• Costlytointeroperateandcollaborate• Forbothcreationandevolution
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO6 |
Trustedmarket Trustedpayment Trustedauthentication
HavingatrustedthirdpartyisanassumptionbehindmostAPI-CentricArchitecture!
Blockchain 1.0— Cryptocurrency
Blockchain|LimingZhu7 |
A.Antonopoulos,MasteringBitcoin-unlockingDigitalcrytocurrencies,2014
Trustless environment
Blockchain|LimingZhu8 |
Organization 1 Organization 2 Organization 1 Organization 2
Blockchain network
Centralized Trusted Authority
Traditional trusted environment Blockchain trustless environment
Blockchain network
Blockchain2.0– Smart Contracts
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO9 |
• Bitcointransactionsarefinancialtransfers• Blockchainledgercanstore/transactanykindofdata• Blockchaincanstoreandexecuteprograms
• SmartContracts• Canenactdecisionsoncomplexbusinessconditions
• CoordinationwithbusinessprocessesthroughAPIs• Canholdandtransferassetsheldbythecontractitself
Why?
Blockchain|LimingZhu10 |
• Immutabledatastore• Public/Privateledger
• Everynodehostsareplica• Distributedconsensus• Nocentralownerofconsensus
• Transactionisverifiedbythewholenetwork
Blockchain network
SomeBenefitsofUsing Blockchain
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO11 |
• Decreasetransactioncostandimproverobustness(vs.centralisedsolutions)– Communicatepeer-to-peerina“trustless”environment
• Immutablepublicledgerallowstrackingownershipofreal-world/digitalassets– Transactionsprovidethetransparentevidenceofprovenance
• Conditionalpaymentsandcomplexbusinesslogicusingsmartcontracts– Non-repudiationonbothassetsandbusinessprocess
• Enabletrueautonomousentities(IoT devices,distributedorganisations)– Entitiescancreaterules,responsibilitiesandpermissions
BlockchainasaPlatformApplicationScenarioS1:SecureContractNegotiation
Scenario
13 |
D D
D
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO
• Negotiationprocessescanbecontrolledbyathirdparty,oroneofthemainparties
• Whichorganisationshouldcontrolsensitivenegotiations?
SecureContractNegotiation
14 |
D
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO
Negotiation
• Blockchain replacesacentralizedtrustedthirdparty
D D
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO15 |
SecureContractNegotiation
Initiate,negotiate, sign
Keydistribution
Authentication
Tamper-proof logofevents• Proposal ofnewvalue• Agree/Disagree• Amendment
Off-chain
Keygeneration
Blockchain network
Contractgenerator
On-chain
• Bindsmartcontractwithphysicalcontract• Addressofsmartcontract• Hashofphysicalcontract
Federatedauthentication
Mobilegateway
Contracttemplate On-chain
Off-chain
BlockchainasaPlatformApplicationScenarioS2.OpenDataRegistry
Scenario
17 |
Data owner 2
Dataset
.
• Increasethe data value throughmonetization Dataset
Data owner 1
DatasetDataset
DD
Data Consumer(Joint Analytics)
M
M
• Payback based on the datasetcontribution and value
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO17 |
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO18 |
OpenDataRegistryPlatform—StructuralOverview
Registerdataset,Upload data analytics script…
Datasetregistry• Metadata• Policyaddress
Job registry• Contribution criteria• Dataset requirement
Tamper-proof logofevents• Usagepolicycompliance result• Whenandwhatanalyticsjob
Off-chain
Dataanalytics
Organisation A
Blockchain networkDataandAPIs
DataAdministrator DataAnalyst
Dataanalyticsinfrastructure
Policycompliancechecker
PolicyCompiler
PolicyEnforcement
On-chain
Off-chain
Organisation B
On-chain
Blockchaincoordinate dataanalytics
Conditionalpayment
Conflictresolution
Usagepolicyspecification
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO19 |
Post ananalytics job
OpenDataRegistryPlatform—BehavioralOverview
Datasetrequirements
Register adataset
Confirmeddatasetsinvolved
Policycompliancechecking
Runanalytics
Datasetmetadata andusage
policyaddress
Selectjob
Selectdataset
Policycheckingresult
Whenandwhatjob
Whopayhowmuchtowhom
Pay
API-drivenandcoordinatedbyblockchain
BlockchainasaPlatformOtherScenarios
IoT Devices
Blockchain|Data61,CSIRO21 |
EnergyUser EnergyRetailerSmartMeter
On-chainOff-chain
On-chainOff-chain
On-chainOff-chain
Post,bid, reportusage
Pay, register meter
Operate
Server-less DApp
EnergyContractBidding&SmartMeters
Blockchain|IngoWeber22 |
ServiceProvider
BlockchainRuleEngine Payment
LicenseHolder
Government
Bid,injectexternalstate,pay
StateInjector
Provideinformation/Notification
BusinessProcessesCoordination
• Blockchain as decentralized coordinator for business processes- Government as oracle- Replicate some data from oracle
• Information are exchanged off-chain through API
Blockchain asaPlatformAPIOpportunities
ConnectingwithExistingAPIs• Blockchainasaconnector/coordinator[1]• Coordinatingbusinessprocesses• ConnectingwithserviceAPIs
• Coordinatingdistributeddataanalytics• DataAPIs:recordingmetadata,provenance,ownership..• DataanalyticsAPI:recordingoperationstodata,coordination,reproducibility,validation….
• Coordinatingcross-org/person/devicedataanalyticsover(encrypted)data[2]
Blockchain|LimingZhu24 |
[1]S.Xu,C.Pautasso,L.Zhu,etal.Blockchain asasoftwareconnector, WICSA2016[2]https://n1analytics.com/ (Data61)andEnigma(MIT)
APIs forUsingBlockchain• Transaction API• To accountaddress,monetary value, data package
• SmartcontractAPI• Creation: Source code of smart contract• Invocation:To contract address, function signature, parameters
• Examples• Bitcoin:Go, Python, Ruby, Erlang…• Ethereum: JavaScript
Blockchain|LimingZhu25 |
APIs forConfiguringBlockchains• Deploymentofblockchain throughAPIs• Configurable blockchain types– Public/Private/Consortium
• Configurable consensus algorithms– Proof-of-work/Proof-of-stake/Round-robin/Instant...
• Permission management through APIs• Grant/Revoke• Read(Join network)/Submittransaction/Mining…
• Examples– Multichain;BlockApp: STRATO for Ethereum
Blockchain|LimingZhu26 |
DevOps APIsfor Blockchain Applications• Continuesdeploymentof DApps&smart contracts• Dev/Testenvironment• Compilation and deployment• Dependencymanagement
• Build pipelineof blockchain applications• Integration of off-chain data stores– E.g. IPFS, Cloud
• Examples– Truffle for EthereumDApps– Embark for EthreumDApps
Blockchain|LimingZhu27 |
Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS)• MicrosoftAzure;IBMBluemix• Support public blockchains/DApps– Create VMs to join publicblockchains/DApps
• Support private blockchains– Private blockchain on cloud with permissoned local nodes– Local private blockchainwith permissioned nodes on cloud
• Dev/Test “sandbox” for multipleblockchains• AccessotherOff-chainfunctionsthroughAPI• Azure as amarketplace for blockchainsBlockchain|LimingZhu28 |
BlockchainResearchChallenges
Research:DesigningwithBlockchain• Blockchain asacomponentinsystemdesign• DistributedaccesscontrolusingBlockchain• Multiple Blockchains andinter-ledgertransfersAPIs• APIsbetweenon-chainandoff-chaincomponents
• Understandingtradeoffs (performance,control,…)• Privatevs.Public• On-chainvs.Off-chain• Blockchainvs.CentralDBvs.Paxos
• Industryinteroperabilityplatformsusingblockchain• Governanceanddistributedriskmanagement;APIinteroperabilityBlockchain|LimingZhu30 |
Research:SmartContractsonBlockchain• LegalreasoningwithSmartContracts• DeclarativeSmartContracts• SmartContractAPIs
Blockchain|LimingZhu31 |
Blockchain asaPlatformSummary
Summary• Blockchainasaninnovationplatform– Peer-to-peertransactionsin“trustless”environment– Widerangeofinnovationscenarios
• APIOpportunitiesforBlockchain– ServiceAPIs:(passively)coordinatingorthroughsmartcontract– DataAPIs:recordingmetadata,provenance,ownership…– OtherAPIs:using,configuring,DevOps,BaaS…
Blockchain|LimingZhu33 |
Formoreinfo:[email protected]://www.data61.csiro.au
www.csiro.au
Thankyou
March2016