Blinnikova Olga

Olga Blinnikova

COMMISSIONING

OF HEATING SYSTEMS

Bachelor’s thesis

Building Services Engineering Double Degree

May 2011

DESCRIPTION

Date of the bachelor's thesis

May 2011

Author(s)Olga Blinnikova

Degree programme and optionB.S.E.

Name of the bachelor's thesisCommissioning of heating systems

Abstract

This thesis reviews the commissioning of heating systems. Each stage of the process is stu-

died step by step. The following commissioning stages are reviewed: pre-commissioning,

hydraulic-pressure test, flushing, start of operation, hydraulic balancing of systems and do-

cumentation.

This thesis also includes condition and general recommendations for commissioning and fre-

quent installation mistakes. This thesis also addresses the problem of effective labor man-

agement upon which relies success of commissioning. In the last chapter two different

structures of management during commissioning are explored.

Subject headings, (keywords)pre-commissioning, hydraulic-pressure test, flushing, start of operation, hydraulic balancingof systems, commissioning management

Pages Language URN29 EnglishRemarks, notes on appendices

Tutor

Heikki Salomaa

Employer of the bachelor's thesis

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1

2 MAIN DESCRIPTION OF HEATING SYSTEMS ............................................... 2

2.1 Heat transmission .......................................................................................... 2

2.2 Specific requirements to engineering system ................................................ 3

3 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION .......................................................................... 2

3.1 Frequent installation mistakes ....................................................................... 3

3.1.1 Installation of the temperature elements to measure the temperature 3

3.1.2 Radiator thermostat installation ......................................................... 4

4 COMMISSIONING OF HEATING SYSTEM ...................................................... 7

4.1 Pre-commissioning process ........................................................................... 8

4.2 Hydraulic-pressure test .................................................................................. 9

4.2.1 Testing procedure .............................................................................. 9

4.3 Flushing ....................................................................................................... 10

4.4 The functional tests...................................................................................... 11

4.5 Filling of heating systems............................................................................ 12

4.5.1 Filling of heating systems at the below zero air temperature .......... 12

4.5.2 Main conditions of the water filling ................................................ 12

4.5.3 Specifics of operation at the negative outside air temperature ........ 12

4.6 Hydraulic balancing of systems................................................................... 13

4.6.1 General information......................................................................... 13

4.6.2 The method of temperature difference ............................................ 15

4.6.3 Proportional method ........................................................................ 16

4.6.4 Compensation method ..................................................................... 17

4.6.5 Preparatory balancing method of valves.......................................... 18

4.6.6 Computer method ............................................................................ 19

4.6.7 Differences of methods.................................................................... 20

4.7 Documentation ............................................................................................ 20

5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMMISSIONING MANAGEMENTS ..... 22

5.1 Explanation.................................................................................................. 22

5.2 Organization structure and participants of heating system commissioning

management .......................................................................................................... 22

5.3 Main stages of heating system commissioning management ...................... 25

5.4 Comparative analyses of responsibility matrix ........................................... 25

6 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................... 27

BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................ 28

APPENDIX.................................................................................................................... 1

1

1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays every new building has heating, ventilation and air conditioning system

(HVAC). HVAC systems in buildings are the synergy of technologies that ensure

comfortable conditions for life and labor of people. There are different kinds of sys-

tems: systems of ventilation and air conditioning, water supply and sewage, heating,

gas supply, artificial lighting, electrical equipment, automatics etc.

There exist severe requirements for HVAC systems in Russia and European countries.

It is very important to follow operating quality standards for the design, installation

and operation of HVAC systems. In this thesis I would like to talk about process of

heating systems commissioning because it is one of the most important stages for the

good functioning of heating systems

Commissioning is a complicated and long process of technical and organizational

work. It is impossible to adjust heating system without education, skills and know-

ledge about commissioning process. In this thesis I would like to describe the process

of heating systems commissioning step by step. The process includes installation, pre-

commissioning, hydraulic-pressure test, flushing, balancing of system and documenta-

tion. I am going to explore all the available information to review commissioning

stages. It is also important to know what kind of complications and problems which

can appear during pre-commissioning and commissioning periods.

Also I would like to talk about commissioning management in Russia and Great Brit-

ain. One chapter of this thesis is devoted to the comparative analysis of commission-

ing management in Russia and Great Britain. During my studies I have got a chance to

get acquainted with construction works processes in these two countries and therefore

I have chosen the comparative analysis as a main topic of my thesis. To analysis these

two Russian and Great Britain approaches I have used Chartered Institution of Build-

ing Services Engineers (CIBSE) Commissioning Code M : 2003 and Russian State

Standard: 12-01-2004 Building process organization, Town planning Code of Federal

law Russian Federation from 29.12.2004 № 190. Also I have used my personal work

experience. The main value of this comparison is that it may potentially become a

basis for improvement commissioning process in general by assembling best practices

of both countries.

2

2 MAIN DESCRIPTION OF HEATING SYSTEMS

The first traces of HVAC systems in buildings were discovered 2200 years ago. Arc-

haeologists find that heating systems were widely in use in the region of contemporary

Italy, France, Switzerland, Germany and England. The invention of central heating

appertains to the ancient Romans few centuries BCE. They installed a system of air

ducts in walls and floors in public baths and private house /1. /

2.1 Heat transmission

The heat transfer requires are material medium as a necessary condition because the

heat transfer is carried out by physical contact between high temperature molecules

and low temperature molecules. Human being becomes a part of heating exchange

system on the molecular level. Of course convection functions upon the same prin-

ciples as other methods of heat transfer. According to these principles the temperature

of the air (heated by convectors) has to be higher than temperature of the surrounding

objects (heated by this air).

The energy can be transmitted by three methods: convection, conduction, electromag-

netic wave. Convection means when the heat is transmitted by air. Conduction means

when the heat transmitted by conductivity. Every day we can observe the third method

of heat transmission - radiation. The sun transmits heating energy to the Earth by

means of radiation. The heat transmission is performed by means of electromagnetic

radiation by electromagnetic wave. The ways of heat transmission are represented in

figure 2. /2. /

FIGURE 1. Way of heat transmission

Way of heat transmission

Convection Conduction Electromagneticwave

Air diffusion Conductivity Radiation

3

Air heating use convection and conduction as energy transmission methods. Heat

emitters of water heating systems use two physical processes – convection and radia-

tion. /3. /

2.2 Specific requirements to engineering system

Heating systems are an integral part of building and they should satisfy four require-

ments. Figure 2 shows these requirements.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements regulate indoor temperature, and the temperature

of radiator.

Architectural and structural requirements regulate location of heating systems location

according to the room design plan, preserving construction of the building during all

operational lifecycle.

Installation and maintenance requirements ensure that heating systems correspond to

the modern standards of mechanization, guarantee reliability during operation and

easy service (maintenance) of heating systems.

The air heating is one of the safest types of heating. The heated air is carried out by

calorifer. As the medium of heat transmission in the calorifer heated water or steam is

used. But in some cases gas or electric energy is employed. Today it is used in elec-

trical fireplaces, electric heating coils, floor heating and other electrified heaters.

The water and steam systems meet sanitary and hygienic requirements in the more

effective way. But water and steam systems are used with some restrictions. These

systems can’t be installed inside the room where calcium carbide, potassium, sodium

or lithium are stored. More often steam systems meet in hospitals.

Specific requirements for engineering systems

Sanitary andhygienic

Economic Architectural andstructural

Installation andmaintenance

FIGURE 2. Specific requirements to engineering system

4

Heating systems are classified as local or central systems. Local heating systems are

used in low-rise buildings in small localities. Local heating systems produce heat at

the location where it is needed (for example in flat). These systems are used in small

spaces well. In these systems the heat carrier does not circulate throughout the total

structure. /2. /

The central heating systems heat is generated in one place in a building. Heat is distri-

buted to heat emitters (radiator or convector) with some fluid (water). In these systems

water can be heated with the different ways: with heat pump, in a water tank, in a heat

exchanger, in boiler room in the building, in boiler house. There are was list of the

heat sources. Heat is transmitted by a pipeline from heat source to the heat emitters.

Water circulates in central heating system. Central heating system can be divided into

five main parts. In the figure 3 is shown the main part of central heating system. /4. /

Legend: 1 – Heating device/heat source

2 – Heat emitters

3 – Distribution pipelines

4 – Control device

5 – Expansion and safety device

FIGURE 3. Main parts of central heating system. /4. /

2 2

34

1 5

2

3 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

In this thesis described the central water heating systems because they are more popu-

lar. Heating system should have good functionality. The stage of heating systems de-

sign consists of several steps which are represented in figure 3.

Legend: commissioning

Technical proposal is the document for project design. It consists of demands for heat-

ing system, architectural drafts and other documents needed for design.

Contractor (HVAC-designer) is organization which performs design stage of project

development, calculation of heating system or installation process.

Technical proposal is given to the contractor (HVAC-designer) by the client (custom-

er) at the beginning of design process. Design stage consists of project development

and calculation of heating parameters. Contractor makes calculation of heat loss

(through building envelope, leakage air and ventilation air), choice of heating equip-

ment (radiator, thermostatic valve, pipe, etc.). After these stages the client accords

project with state organizations. If state organization finds some mistakes the project

should be readjusted accordingly. If project are accepted then the installation process

is started. Frequent installation mistakes are examined in the next chapter.

Commissioning has to be done after equipment installation. Commissioning consists

of five stages: pre-commissioning, hydraulic-pressure test, flushing, balancing and

documentation. The commissioning is shown by red dashed line in the figure 3. Every

FIGURE 4. Stage of heating systems design

OperationDocumentation

Hydraulic-pressure test Pre-commissioning

Technicalproposal

Developing and calcu-lations

Approvals (with client andstate organizations)

Installation

Start ofoperation

Flushing

Functionaltests

Balancing

3

stage of commissioning is discussed in detail in the next chapters. Operation stage

follows after commissioning stage. It means that heating system ready to work. /5. /

3.1 Frequent installation mistakes

Equipment installation has to be executed in accordance with installation manual. In

this chapter we will take a look at frequent mistakes of heating system equipment in-

stallation demonstrated with comprehensive graphical illustrations.

3.1.1 Installation of the temperature elements to measure the temperature

Temperature elements (T.E.) are a piece of equipment for automatic temperature con-

trol. It is installed on the return pipe as shown in the figure 4. So that it is measuring

the right value (the temperature of return water). In the figure 4 is shown installed T.E.

after the coil. /6, p.143. /

FIGURE 5. T.E. installation /7, p.51/

So the correct locations of temperature sensors are also very important. For instance

the sensor is intended to measure outside or inside temperature. Temperature sensor

should not be placed near to heating objects which may influence on elements correct

functioning by generating the heat. In the figure 5 and 6 is shown examples of correct

and uncorrect installation place.

In the figure 5 is shown installation of outside temperature sensor. This sensor should

not be placed under or above window, on the duct and under ventilation pipe on the

roof because these objects influence on the correct sensor function by generation heat.

More possible place for installation T.E. is place between windows. /6, p.241. /

4

FIGURE 6. Temperature sensor installation outside the building. /7, p.52. /

In the figure 6 is shown installation of inside temperature sensor. This sensor should

not be placed beside the kitchen range or air diffuser. It should not perceive the solar

radiation from window. More possible place for installation T.E. is shown on the pic-

ture 6. /6, p.241./

FIGURE 7. Temperature sensor installation inside the building. /7, p.51. /

3.1.2 Radiator thermostat installation

“The radiator thermostat is a self-operated controller, which controls the room

temperature by regulating water flow through the valve body.” /8./ The thermostat

installation has to ensure correct work of its heat-sensitive elements. Room air should

flow freely for the right functioning. This thermostat should not take ascending heat

5

flow from pipeline (see figure 7a and 7b). In the figure 7c the radiator thermostat

perceives convection current from pipeline.

a b c

FIGURE 8. Radiator thermostat installation /6, p.245./

Heat-sensitive elements should not be covered by blind curtain (see figure 8c) or

situated in draft zone (see figure 8b). If this situation the location of the sensor should

be changed (see figure 8a). /6 p.244-245. /

a b c

FIGURE 9. Radiator thermostat installation /6, p.245. /

If heat-sensitive elements are hidden in the wall remote regulator with built-in

temperature sensor should be used (see figure 9a, 8a). It is installed on the wall. The

height of regulator installation is approximately 1.5 meters above floor level. In case

when surface of radiator is large enough to influence the correct functioning of the

temperature sensor the remove regulator should also be used (see figure 9b). /6, p.244-

245. /

a b

FIGURE 10. Radiator thermostat installation /6, p.245. /

6

All these mistakes should be prevented during installation process or found and

correction during pre-commissioning period. /6. /

7

4 COMMISSIONING OF HEATING SYSTEM

Commissioning has to be done after equipment installation. The main task of commis-

sioning is to check reliability and safety of system and also project parameters (the

temperature in room). As the result of complex tests all defects have to be discovered

and removed because they prevent reliable and safe equipment exploitation.

In the final stage of commissioning the functioning of the system is determined by

operation tests. The result of commissioning is issued as a technical report. Technical

report is the main document which describes accomplished work and its effectiveness.

Based on experiences of different commissioning organizations we can say that ex-

penses coming from well-done commissioning are compensated within months. Com-

parison test and calculations show that well-done commissioning improves in energy

economy of 3—5%.

Commissioning has to be done by specialized organizations and employees in accor-

dance with contract agreement. Balancing and commissioning should be implemented

by a specially trained team supervised by an experienced engineer. The number of

people in team depends on the amount of work but should not exceed five persons.

Usually team consists of engineer employees.

The quality of installation should be detected during commissioning period. The num-

ber of tests to define the quality of equipment operation has to be minimal. The com-

missioning consists of several steps which are represented in figure 10. /9. /

8

Legend: pre-commissioning

We will look into detail at the pre-commissioning stage in this chapter.

4.1 Pre-commissioning process

The pre-commissioning process is shown in the figure 3 by red dashed line. Pre-

commissioning consists of external system inspection, preparation of heating system

for tests, training of the operation staff. Visual external inspection of installed heating

should guarantee that components of HVAC-plans are installed using good way. Lo-

cation of heating equipment should correspond to the project design. All connections

have to be hermetic.

Commissioning

Research of heating systemproject

External system inspection

Preparation for tests

Training of the operation staffto testing of equipment

Hydraulic testing

Flushing of heating systems

Balancing of heating systems

Checking valves opening

TECHNICAL REPORT/DOCUMENTATIONS

If tests result is OK If tests result is not OK

Repair defects

FIGURE 11. Commissioning

Start to operation

Functional tests

Checking connection toelectricity

9

The pre-commissioning also includes the training of the operation staff. It means they

familiarization with commissioning documentation and preliminary instruction /9. /

4.2 Hydraulic-pressure test

Hydraulic pressure test can be done before electrical installation. All installed pipe-

lines of heating system have to be tested for strength and tightness. This is hydraulic-

pressure test. Hydraulic-pressure test is performed according to the main requirements

and conditions represented in figure 11. /9. /

4.2.1 Testing procedure

Firstly the system should be filled with water. Air should be removed through the air

valve. Pressure should be adjusted to the test pressure (P2) for the test time (t test). The

test time should not be less than 10 minutes. Work pressure is pressure during opera-

tion live (“use pressure”). The test pressure is pressure during test time. At least the

test pressure has to be 0,2 MPa. Pipe connections, as well as their connection with

valves and other equipment have to inspected during test time. Pipeline pressure test

procedure is shown in figure 12.

Pressuretest

Tested part of pipe linehas to be cut out fromoperation networks

Before filling pipelinesall air has to be removed

Pressure in pipe lines hasto be smoothly increased

Measuring of pressure iscarried out by using ma-nometers

Water temperatureshould be between + 5

оС

and 40оС

P1=1,25 * P 2Р1- test pressureР2 - working pressure

P1 ≥ 0,2 МPa

t test ≥ 10 minutes

Pressure reduction upto work pressure

Pipeline inspectionthroughout its length

REQUIREMENTS

CONDITIONS

FIGURE 12. Pressure test (requirements and conditions)

10

Test result should be regarded as satisfactory if during the test we did not find the fol-

lowing problems: pressure drop, signs of blowout (during visual inspection), leakage

in the main structure of pipeline, leakage in flange connections and others elements of

pipelines. If some of these problems were found then operation staff should repair it

and test system again. /9. /

The amount of test pressure for water heating system should be at least 0.2 MPa (2

bar) in the lowest point of system. /9. /

4.3 Flushing

The aim of flushing is to remove dust and some particles (ex. metal particles) from

inside the pipe. Flushing is performed after the hydraulic test. All radiator thermostats

and valve should be closed for prevent dust ingress to its. The heating system flushing

is performed with water from domestic water system. The volume of water used dur-

ing flushing should be equal to 5-7 times the volume of heating system. After the

flushing the water has to be removed from the pipeline. The flushing water is removed

from the system to floor drain.

Pipelines filling with water

Air removal

Pressure adjustment up to work pressure

Time of testing ≥ 10 min

1

2

3

4

Inspection of all connections

Pressure adjustment to testing pressure5

FIGURE 13. Testing procedure

11

Also the pipeline could be cleaned by using hydro-pneumatic flushing. Hydro-

pneumatic flushing is performed by adding compressed air to the pipes filled with

water. Hydro-pneumatic flushing is successively performed in different sections of the

pipeline. Every 10-15 minutes air flow output should be decreased for 5 minutes (to

achieve effective flushing). Flushing should continue till clear water starts to come

from pipe line. After this air supply should be stopped and pipe line has to be flushed

by water for 15-20 minutes.

Hydro-pneumatic flushing of heating pipeline and heat source should be performed

separately. During pipeline flushing heat source has to be unconnected (in case the

heat source is in use). Hydro-pneumatic pipeline flushing is performed by water with

flushing temperature not more than 40 оС. The pipeline flushing pressure has to be

equal work pressure but no more than 0,6MPa. After flushing the water is removed

from the system to floor drain. Result of flushing should be properly documented.

/10. /

4.4 The functional tests

The functional tests mean the checking correct work of heating system parts, connec-

tion to electricity and valve opening. For example, if heating system use the heat

pump as the heat source it is necessary to make functional tests of heat pump. All

functional tests of heating equipment have to performed according with instruction

manual. The functional test considered on the example of heating pump.

The power supply to the heat pump must not be turn on until the heat pump is filled

with water. The follows of filling is listed below.

1. Open all of the hot water taps in the house (don’t forget the shower).

2. Open the cold water isolation valve fully to the water heater.

3. Air will be forced out of the taps.

4. Close each tap as water flows freely from it.

5. Check the pipe work for leaks.

6. Switch on the electrical supply at the isolating switch to the water heater.

Also it is necessary to check the unit’s operating parameters (pressure and flow rate),

correct direction of heat pump rotation. /11. /

12

4.5 Filling of heating systems

4.5.1 Filling of heating systems at the below zero air temperature

Before filling it is necessary to perform external system inspection to check handles

easily rotate of air valves. Parts with heat insulations defect have to be absented. Fill-

ing of heating system with water is performed consequently section by section of the

pipeline. First the water is supplied to the main pipe. Before this air valves have to be

opened, drain valve and shut pipes (which divides supply and return pipelines and at

the end of the pipe) have to be closed.

Foreman of the group of workers appoints the person responsible for monitoring of

the air valve. Filling is performed by opening valves on return. Air valves should be

closed as soon as the air is forced out from pipe. After finishing filling of return pipe-

line the shunt pipe should be opened. Filling of supply pipeline is performed in the

same way as the filling of return pipeline. /10. /

4.5.2 Main conditions of the water filling

Pressure of water during the filling should not exceed the static pressure by 0.2 MPa.

Water temperature during filling has to be no more than 70°С. Hourly water flow G

[m3/h] depends on pipeline diameter Dy. For preventing water hammering and better

air displacement from pipelines the hourly water flow G [m3/h] should not be more

than values which are represented in table 1.

TABLE 1. Dependence of water flow from diameter /10. /

G[m3/h]

100 150 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

Dy[mm]

10 15 25 35 50 65 85 100 150

4.5.3 Specifics of operation at the negative outside air temperature

Supply and return main pipes are filled with water at the same time. Water tempera-

ture during the filling should arrange from 50oC to 60 °С. Supply and return pipelines

13

should be equipped additional drain valves. Water is drained across drain valves be-

fore the temperature of water achieve the 40°С (if in start of filling the system is filled

with water with temperature less than 40°С). After this the drain valves are closed

(when temperature of drain water is about 40°С). Directry after that heat source is

powered on. Other steps of operation start are the same as during water filling at

positive temperature.

If some troubles happen during the filling the pipeline of heating systems should be

drained. Drainage is performed by opening all drain valves and air valves to discharge

water in the lowest-lying point. /10. /

4.6 Hydraulic balancing of systems

4.6.1 General information

The main purpose of HVAC systems design is to create thermal comfort in a room

with the minimal consumption of energy resources. Although modern equipment ap-

proaches ideal parameters, achieving optimal results is still a challenge. For almost

80% of systems the main problem is inadequacy of water flow distribution.

Inadequacy is provoked by many factors such as errors in calculation and system in-

stallation errors. As a result the water flows is redistributed incorrectly. And it leads to

inaccurate indoor temperature due to the lack of flow in some flow circuits and sur-

plus of flow in others. It also leads to noises and excessive consumption of energy

resources. That is why it is necessary to adjust system for operation mode by valve

balancing before commissioning of a facility.

Before system balancing it is necessary to execute pre-commissioning such as study-

ing of project documentation, technical manuals for valves, devices etc. Further it is

necessary to check operability of system elements, its working capacity and function-

ing, correctness of installation. Then the system balancing can be done.

All thermostatic valves should be open at maximum. Only in this way it is possible to

detect overheating and underheating of rooms. Before system balancing it is necessary

to analyze that thermostatic valves function correctly and to check that heating system

14

maintains required room temperature. Otherwise there is a risk of overheating and

underheating of floors, rooms located on different facades of a building, risers, etc.

The problem should be solved by adjusting pump capacity and the temperature of a

heating water. The general recommendations are given in the table 2.

TABLE 2. The general recommendations for balancing. /6, p. 256. /

Indoor temperature

compared to design

temperature (tempera-

ture on the floor)Way of problem removal

Lower

floors

Upper

floors

1 higher normal The pump capacity should be increased

2 higher normal The pump capacity should be decreased

3 normal higher The temperature of heating water should be decreased

4 Too low Too high The temperature of heating water should be decreased

5 Normal Too low The temperature of heating water should be increased

before normal temperature (design temperature) in

the upper floors. The pump capacity should be de-

creased to achieve of normal temperature on the low-

er floors

6 Too high Too low The same as in previous point

7 Too high Too high The temperature of a heating water should be de-

creased

If problems persist the balancing of system should be done. In this case the process of

system balancing should be cheap, quick and compliant with technical requirements.

There are 5 different methods of system balancing. There are following methods:

temperature drop, computer method, preparatory balancing of valves, proportional and

compensation method. Let us briefly review these methods. /6, p.254-257./

15

4.6.2 The method of temperature difference

Q = cw V Δt / 3600 = cwG Δt / 3600 = 1.16G Δt, 1 /6, p258/

Here Q is heat flow, W

cw is water thermal capacity (4,2 kJ/(kg.К)

V is water volume flow, m3/h

Δt — difference of water temperature in heating system, K.

G — mass flow of heat carrier (water), kg/h;

1.16 is conversion factor. It takes into account water thermal capacity

The equation 1 means that in the balanced system the temperature difference t of heat-

ing water should be the same at input and at output of all heat exchange devices. If

water flows are distributed incorrectly the temperature difference at input and output

will not be the same. Insufficient heating water flow reduces thermal unit radiation

and the excessive flow is not able to increase it significantly. The temperature differ-

ence of heating water is the temperature t in equation 1. Radiator capacity usually cor-

responds to heat loss. The radiator is chooses from radiators directory. Radiator capac-

ity is taken the closest greater value from the directory. Usually the value of chosen

radiator is different from calculated radiator to 1.15 (in general cases).

FIGURE 14. Determination of required temperature difference of a heating wa-ter in a thermal unit /6, p.258./

To find the temperature difference one should use the geometric construction shown

in fig. 1.2. The solid line describes the temperature of heating water supplied to the

thermal unit. Dotted line describes specified temperature of heating water at the output

text

16

of the thermal unit. Chain line describes required temperature of heating water of ra-

diator heat exchange surface with a factory capacity corresponding to the 1.15 times

the heat loss of a room. Range of outdoor temperature is represented on the X-axis.

The starting point of axis is outdoor temperature (which of course will vary for differ-

ent geographical locations) e.g., –20 °C and the ending point corresponds to the re-

quired indoor temperature (e.g. 20oC). Y-axis shows the range of temperature of the

heating water of the input and output. As a rule, heating water temperature at the input

of heating thermal unit is accepted as equal to the temperature at the output of heat

source (e.g. 90 °C at the output of a boiler). For an accurate calculation one should

take into consideration the cooling of heating water in the pipes. Temperature in the

return pipeline, for example, 68 °C could be estimated from the average temperature

difference between the thermal unit (including 1.15 factor).

In this method the balancing is carried out by using a T.E. or a control valve. Radiator

thermostat should be fully opened at this time (with the freely fasten cap). To achieve

the equal temperature in all radiators, that is, the procedure of thermostatic valve regu-

lation balance in the system could be repeated several times. Therefore adjusting of

each thermal unit affects temperature characteristics of others, even regulated before.

The method of balancing is not precise enough, especially in systems with low tem-

perature variations, which are the floor heating systems. It is necessary to provide

permanent temperature conditions both indoor and outdoor. The lower the outdoor

temperature is the better for the balancing result. So the temperature difference me-

thod is used to balance small-size heating systems.

Despite all its disadvantages this method is the only possible method to balance the

thermal unit within the risers or thermal unit branch. It means the balancing of risers

or thermal unit branch is performed only by the method of temperature difference. /6,

p.257-260./

4.6.3 Proportional method

The method is based on the flow deflection in parallel sections of system. It is ex-

pected that in a system with a large amount of branches the balancing of one valve

inside a module does not lead to proportional change of parameters in other of another

module. The regulation of a general control valve leads to proportional change in all

17

the modules. A group of upraise pipes or thermal unit branches controlled by a general

control valve (and for each upraise pipe or branch there should be a control valve) is

considered a module of system. Then by this method of balancing it is possible to

make equal unbalance of upraise pipes or branches inside a module and then to adjust

a nominal flow by balancing of a general valve.

Thus, the proportional method of balancing is applied for system with several

branches complicated configuration of modules. This method is implemented by one

or two service engineers. One of the disadvantages of it is necessity of repeated mea-

suring. The proportional method requires long time to adjust each of valves in several

steps. /6, p.261-264./

4.6.4 Compensation method

The compensation method of balancing of heating systems represents of the propor-

tional method. The main advantage of this method is the possibility of balancing of

systems with several branches in one step. In this case there is no need in repeated

measuring which considerably reduces timeframe of balancing. It is possible to reduce

time required for balancing if pump is operating and separate branches of the system

undergo balancing process while other part of the system is being installed. The dis-

advantage of the method is a necessity to involve 3 persons with radiophones and us-

ing of two devices for example PFM 3000 by Danfoss Company or other measuring

devices (figure 14)

FIGURE 15. Device PFM 3000 /12. /

18

The compensation method is meant for systems with manual control valves. If the

automatic control valves of pressure differential on upraise pipes are or radiators are

used there is no need to balance a system are used there is no need to balance such

system. The balancing will be done automatically. Thus the compensation method is

an improvement of the proportional method. It is performed in one step and requires

several devices for example FM 3000 by Danfoss Company and several service engi-

neers. /6, p.264-266./

4.6.5 Preparatory balancing method of valves

The method is based on the balancing according to hydraulic calculation when we

make a project of heating system before its mounting. Coordination of heating circuits

is made by balancing of each control valve and thermostatic valve. Balancing is de-

fined by the discharge capacity (kv). However, this method does not consider opera-

tional discharge characteristics under the influence of authority. Therefore this method

not completely conforms to the real characteristics of the system. Valve authority

should be less than 0.5 to achieve good control of heating.

Valve authority is the ratio between pressure loss on the maximum opened radiator

valve and the maximum possible pressure loss on the balancing part. Authority is de-

fined by the formula 3:

PP

PP

a vs1

2 /6, p.260. /

Here ΔP1 is the pressure loss on the radiator valve,

ΔP is the pressure loss on the balancing part of heating system

ΔPvs is the pressure loss on the control valve

This method has a disadvantage. It does not consider deviations which appear during

installation of heating system. Moreover, detection of pressure loss in system elements

is a complicated process and it result closes not always correspond to the reality. This

method suggests that coefficients of the local resistances (at the full range of water

flow regulation) are constant and do not influence have reciprocal influence during the

process of water flow regulation.

19

During balancing of the pressure at each selection is performed by control valve regu-

lation. For this the difference between pressures exerted on the closed control valves

should be measured.

Thus the influence of authority (when а < 0,5) on discharge characteristics of valves

and possibility of balancing by means authority should be considered for the prepara-

tory balancing method of valves. /6, p. 260./

4.6.6 Computer method

The computer method is based on application of microprocessors to diagnose valves

and determine their adjustment when we perform system balancing. To implement this

method PFM 3000 is used (fig. 14).

PFM 3000 has been designed for the adjustment and hydraulic balancing of most heat-

ing systems. It enables measuring of under-pressure and over-pressure as well as dif-

ferential pressure within a given system. Furthermore, based on the differences, the

flow through individual branches of the system can be measured, whole system to be

balanced. It optimizes hydraulic ratio in a system with the minimal losses of energy. It

uses complicated methods of calculation and parameters of system balancing. The

device has a lot of other additional functions helping which reduce time required for

balancing and simplify it. The device PFM can define not only over pressure or de-

pression in a system but also differential pressure. By measuring pressure difference

in a control valve or in a measuring unit PFM can determine the water flow. The mi-

nimization measurement errors give possibility for accurate determination of hydrau-

lic parameters of a system.

Thus, the computer method helps to reduce time for system balancing. As only system

engineer is required to perform balancing of the system. /6, p. 266-270./

20

4.6.7 Differences of methods

Main points of balancing method tabulated for easier understandable differences of

balancing method.

TABLE 3. Differences of balancing methods.

The method of

temperature

difference

In this method the balancing is carried out by using a T.E. or a

control valve.

First of all the inside and outside temperature have to measured.

The temperature differences between supply and return flow (us-

ing fug. 13) is installed by T.E

Proportional me-

thod

This method is carried out by using control valves of branches

and common control valves.

To make equal unbalance of risers or branches inside a module

and then to adjust a nominal flow by balancing of a common

(general) valve.

In this method balansing is carried out by regulation every valses

in consecutive order.

Compensation

method

In this method used special devise for measuring pressure differ-

ence in control valve. In this method balansing is carried out by

regulation conrol valves за every branches synchronous.

Computer me-

thod

By measuring pressure difference in a control valve or in a mea-

suring unit PFM can determine the water flow.

Preparatory ba-

lancing method

of valves

This method is carried out by using control valves and T.E. Ba-

lancing is defined by the discharge capacity (kv).

4.7 Documentation

When the commissioning of heating system is ended the Technical Client (or Project

Manager) has to inform client (customer) about acceptance of commissioning works.

Heating system has to correspond to demands of project design, norms and contract.

Acceptance inspection has to estimate correspondence of heating system to demands.

Acceptance inspection consists of representative of client (customer), main contractor,

21

design team, technical supervision and safety arrangement inspection. Client has to

represent to acceptance inspection all documentations about object.

Results of commissioning should be properly documented. List of necessary docu-

ments in Russia is presented below. This list of documents is based on requirements of

State Acceptance Commission in Russia.

1. Technical conditions for connection of heating system to district heating system;

2. Design of heating system (approved by State Expertise and other organizations);

3. Drawing of pipe lines and stop valves with its numbering and equipment specifica-

tion;

4. Acts for flushing;

5. Testing acts;

6. Acts of installation of regulator devices in heating system;

7. Certificate of acceptance by working committee or acceptance certificate between

installation companies and client;

8. System Operation permit certificate;

9. Appointing order of decision-maker for operational condition and safety opera-

tion of heating system;

10. List of operation and maintenance personnel (with contact information) or service

contract;

11. List of available protective means, fire extinguishing equipment, safety posters;

12. Program of start to operation approved by organization’s management – customer

and approved by energy-supplying organization. /13. /

22

5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMMISSIONING MANAGEMENTS

Conventional terms: Client, Technical client (TC), Commission management organi-

zation (CMO), Building services contractor (BSC), Main contractor (MC), Consultant

engineer (CE); Technical supervision (TS), General designer (GD), Specialist suppli-

ers, Mechanical installation organization. /14. /

5.1 Explanation

Technical Client (TC) - is a special organization which has direct contract agreement

with client (investor). Its functions are: project managing, project expertise, total

commission of building;

Technical Supervision (TS) – it is one of the department within the Technical client

organization. Its main functions are: control of building process according to design

documents and the supervision of commissioning.

General Designer (GD) – it is main project design organization which is responsible

for all design solutions and approves with state organization and execution of designer

supervision. Designer supervision controls on site all solutions of the general designer.

General designer controls and checks others design subcontractors. For example if

heating system part was developed by subcontract organization. /15. /

5.2 Organization structure and participants of heating system commissioning

management

Organizational structure of commissioning management and its participants in Great

Britain are represented in figure 15. This picture shows relationship between every

participant of the process. /14. /

23

In the figure 15 is shown the organizational structure of commissioning management

in Great Britain. There are 2 different types of relations between companies which

participate in commissioning. These are contractual connections and communication

route. Project manager represent client’s interests. Project Manager hires Design Team

(which is responsible for project design) and Main Contractor (this is organization

which employs Commissioning Management Organization and Mechanical Installa-

tion Organization). Mechanical Installation Organization makes a purchase contract of

equipment with Specialist Supplier. The Specialist Supplier can also be engaged if

there are difficulties with installation and commissioning.

This figure also shows Consultant engineer who appointed by MIO. He reviews,

comments and accepts documentation.

Organizational structure of commissioning management and its participants in Russia

are represented in figure 16. This picture also shows relationship between participants.

/16,17. /

FIGURE 15. Organizational structure of commissioning management in Great

Britain /14. /

23














/16,17. /


Britain /14. /

23














/16,17. /


Britain /14. /

24

The client exercises a function of investor. Technical client has a contract with Tech-

nical supervision, Main contractor and Design team. Technical supervision inspects

the construction work. Other stages of commissioning management process in Russia

are similar to commissioning management in Great Britain.

Upon competition of the comparative analysis of this chapter I can draw a conclusion

that there is no big difference between Great Britain and Russia commissioning man-

agement. In some small differences are shown below:

1. In Russia technical client has functions of project manager.

2. In Russia there is no Commission management organization (CMO) and its func-

tions are performed by TS. For the most difficult cases organizations having similar

function are created.

3. In Russia functions of Consultant engineer are performed by group of people con-

sisting of several specialists from every participant organization. There are representa-

tives from main contractor, technical client, and general designer- Technical supervi-

sion.

FIGURE 16. Organizational structure of commissioning management in Russia

/14. /

24















sion.


/14. /

24















sion.


/14. /

25

In general I can say that these schemes almost are similar and there are no fundamen-

tal differences. In different cases organizational structure and relationship between

participants can vary a little bit in accordance with client requirements.

5.3 Main stages of heating system commissioning management

Main stages of commissioning in Great Britain and the Russian Federation are very

similar. These stages are represented in figure 16.

5.4 Comparative analyses of responsibility matrix

The responsibility matrix of commissioning process of the main participants is done

based on the principle of the responsibility matrix of commissioning process of the

main participants in Great Britain which is shown in CIBSE code M-Commissioning

management. /12, appendix MA2, figure 14 and 15. / The responsibility matrix of

commissioning process of the main participants in Russia was made by me. Moreover

I made comparative analysis of these two responsible matrixes and as well the conclu-

sion was drawn. Comparison of responsibility matrixes of commissioning in Great

Britain and Russia is represented in the table in appendix.

Pre-commissioning

Commissioning

1

2

IndividualCommissioning

ComplexCommissioning

FIGURE 17. Main stages of heating system commissioning management /14. /

26

For this purpose I take as an example the management of commissioning of a heating

system. I have conducted a detailed comparative analysis of responsibilities of the

main participants of commissioning procedure in Great Britain and the Russian Feder-

ation. The results of this analysis are given in the form of comparative table (responsi-

bility matrix). Based on the performed research the following conclusions were made:

1. It is not usual to additionally involve a special company to manage commissioning

in Russia. Some functions of Commissioning Management Organization are fulfilled

by Technical Client.

2. The main works on preparation, performance and report on commissioning are

done by Main Contractor (appendix 1, item 4 – 9, 12-14)

3. In Great Britain all stages of commissioning are supervised by Consultant Engineer

and in Russia the same function has Technical supervisor. During commissioning the

Technical supervisor performs and not just partial checking but full scope of supervi-

sion and control of commissioning process (appendix 1, item 10 and 11)

4. There is no difference in Building Services Contractor functions.

5. There is no difference at the final stage of commissioning process (appendix 1,

item 15 - 17) in the responsibilities of the main participants of commissioning in Great

Britain and Russia.

In conclusion I would recommend to use experience of our Great Britain colleagues in

the Russian Federation to involve Commissioning Management Organization to ar-

range commissioning in order to facilitate the work of the suggest Main Contractor.

Equally to Consultant Engineer in Great Britain might in some cases achieve fuller

control over all commissioning stages by adopting some elements of Russian commis-

sioning structure.

27

6 CONCLUSION

The main goal in this thesis was to find and research information about heating system

commissioning procedure. Heating system commissioning is rather labor-consuming

and complicated process. The procedure has several stages such as pre-

commissioning, hydraulic test, flushing, starting of operation, system balancing and

documentation. For heating system operation all mentioned stages should implement

consecutive order. Conditions for each of the stages should be satisfied.

A special attention should be paid to frequent installation mistakes. If mistakes are not

prevented then it will be impossible to balance a heating system properly. As the re-

sult of wrong balancing the water flows are redistributed incorrectly which leads to

unreasonable energy consumption.

The main asset of my thesis is that the commissioning process is described not only

from the engineering point of view but also from the management point of view. The

management of the construction process is the important aspect during construction of

different purpose buildings and facilities. Cooperation between all participants of con-

struction process is reviewed in my thesis. This cooperation during all participants of

construction process affects the quality and timeframe of facility construction. The

commissioning also depends on it.

28

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Ashe, Boris 1939. “Отопление и вентиляция”. The name translated in English:

“Heating and ventilation” Moskow. Stroiizdat Publications.

2. Infraprom company. “Heating system”. PDF-document:

http://www.infraprom.ru/data/heating_systems.pdf. No update information available.

Referred 10.10.2010.

3. Makarov, Boris. “Отопительные приборы и системы водяного отопления”

The name translated in English: “Heaters and water heating system“. Website:

http://www.arh-dom.ru/info36.php. No update information available. Referred

30.09.2010.

4. Aki Valkeapaa/ Martti Veuro. “Heating systems Part 2: hydronic heating. Water

based central heating, main parts”. Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences.

5. ООО "Центр Лана" company. Website: http://www.lana-centre.ru/project-

heating.php. No update information available. Referred 15.12.2010.

6. Pyrkov Viktor, 2010. “Гидравлическое регулирование систем отопления и

охлаждения”. The name translated in English: “Hydraulic balancing of heating and

cooling systems”. Kiev, Таки справы.

7. Suomen rakennuttajaliito. Rakennustyön Energiataloudellinin Valvontaopas.

8. Aki Valkeapaa/ Martti Veuro. “Heating systems. Part 4: Radiator thermostats”.

Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences.

9. Dmitrenko Igor. 1993. The management directive 03-29-93 “Методические ука-

зания по проведению технического освидетельствования паровых и водогрей-

ных котлов, сосудов, работающих под давлением, трубопроводов пара и горячей

воды” – РД 03-29-93. The name translated in English: “Workbook of carrying tech-

nical inspection of steam and water furnaces, vessels, working under pressure pipeline

of steam and hot water” 1993. Moskow. Gosgortechnadzor Publications

29

10. Voloshin Andrey, chief engineer of Gazprom company. 2007. “Программа пус-

ка, промывки и испытания тепловых сетей”. The name translated in English:

“Commissioning, flushing and testing of heating systems”. New Urengoy. Gazprom

Publications.

11. Buderus company. 2009. “Инструкция по эксплуатации. Тепловой насос.” The

name translated in English: “Commissioning manual. Heat pump.” PDF-document:

http://www.buderus.ru/files/201002191254320.use_specification_Buderus_heat_pum

ps_Logatherm_WPS.pdf. No update information available. Referred 10.04.2011.

12. Danfoss company. Измерительный прибор PFM 3000. The name translated in

English: “Device PFM 3000”. Website: http://www.danfoss-

msk.ru/balanc_05_izm.html. No update information available. Referred 1.04.2010.

13. Department of Energy Russian Federation. 2002. “Методические указания по

допуску в эксплуатацию новых и реконструированных электрических и тепло-

вых энергоустановок” The name translated in English: “Commissioning of new or

repaired electrical and heating power installations. Workbook.” Website:

http://www.allmedia.ru/laws/DocumShow.asp?DocumID=31673. No update

information available. Referred 1.07.2010.

14. CIBSE code M-Commissioning management. 2003. Great Britain. Page Bros.

15. Russian State Standard. 12-01-2004 “Организация строительства” The name

translated in English: “Building process organization”. Website:

http://www.complexdoc.ru/ntd/547717. No update information available. Referred

20.03.2011.

16. Federal law of Russian Federation. 2004. Градостроительный кодекс от

29.12.2004 № 190-ФЗ. The name translated in English: Town planning from

29.12.2004 № 190-FL. Website: http://www.consultant.ru/popular/gskrf/ No update

information available. Referred 20.03.2011.

30

17. СНиП 3.01.04-87 “Приемка в эксплуатацию законченных строительством

объектов. Основные положения”. The name translated in English: “Commissioning

of finishing objects. Fundamentals”. 1987. Website:

http://www.complexdoc.ru/ntd/389035. No update information available. Referred

15.07.2010.

APPENDIX (1).

Appendix on 10 pages

APPENDIX

TABLE. Responsibility matrix /10, 11/

Activity de-

scription

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)

Building services contractor

(BSC)Main contractor (MC)

Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)

Great Britain Russia Great Britain Russia Great Britain Russia Great Britain Russia

1. Review de-

sign drawings

and specifica-

tion for com-

mission re-

quirements.

Action and ad-

vice CE. Coor-

dinate any

comments from

BSC and MC.

Action and ad-

vice CE. Coor-

dinate any

comments from

BSC and MC.

Advice MC of

any comments.

Participate and

making any

comments as

appropriate.

Liaise and assist

all parties.

Liaise and assist

all parties.

Review com-

ments and ac-

tion as appropri-

ate.

Write to MC of

any comments

for commission

requirements.

2. Review in-

stallation draw-

ings and tech-

nical submis-

sions from BSC

for commission-

ing require-

ments.

Action and advice MC/CE. (in Rus-

sia MC/TS).

Prepare and submit for review.

Action and any comments as in-

structed by MC.

Coordinate, supervise, and direct

/instruct as appropriate.

Review, comment and issue direc-

tives to MC. If applicable.

APPENDIX (2).


Activity de-

scription

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)



Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)


3. Review in-

stallations with

respect to com-

pliance with

specification

and drawings

intent for com-

missioning.

Supervise in-

spection of in-

stallations and

issue reports to

MC.

Supervise in-

spection of in-

stallations and

issue reports

with comments

from BSC and

TS to MC.

Receive CMO

reports? And

action as neces-

sary.

Preparation

reports with

comments of

installations .

Coordinate,

supervise, and

direct /instruct

as appropriate.

Coordinate,

supervise, and

direct /instruct

as appropriate.

Review, com-

ment and issue

directives to

MC. If applica-

ble.

Preparation

reports with

comments of

installations.

4. Production of

detailed coordi-

nated commis-

sioning pro-

gramme, includ-

ing revisions

and updating.

Procure infor-

mation from

BSC. Prepare

programme,

discuss with

MC, and issue

to all parties for

comment.

Review pro-

gramme with

regard to impact

on construction

process. Issue

comments and

approve.

Submit informa-

tion, and liaise

with CMO.

Submit informa-

tion, and liaise

with TC.

Review pro-

gramme with

regard to impact

on construction

process. Issue

comments and

approve.

Procure infor-

mation from

BSC. Prepare

programme,

discuss with

MC, and issue

to all parties for

comment.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Submit informa-

tion, and liaise

with TC.

APPENDIX (3).


Activity de-

scription

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)



Consultant

engineer

(CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)

Great Britain Russia Great Britain Russia Great Britain RussiaGreat Brit-

ainRussia

5. Production of

detailed commis-

sioning method

statement, in-

cluding pre-

commissioning,

setting to work,

and interface

tests.

Guide and assist

in their produc-

tion. Review and

accept content.

Liaise with

MC/CE.

Control MC and

TS production.

Review and ac-

cept content.

Liaise with

MC/TS.

Discuss format

and contend

with CMO. Pro-

duce method

statements.

Discuss format

and contend

with CMO. Pro-

duce method

statements.

Receive, review

and approve. Liaise

with CE/CMO.

Preparation of de-

tailed commission-

ing method state-

ment, including

pre-commissioning,

setting to work, and

interface tests.

Review,

comment and

accept.

Review,

comment and

accept.

6. Testing and

pre-

commissioning,

including off-site

works testing (as

requested)

Procure proce-

dure from BSC

and suppliers for

approval. Wit-

ness and validate

tests and results.

Review, com-

ment and ap-

prove. Carry out

of sports checks.

Submit informa-

tion and liaise

with CMO.

Complete out-

standing works

schedule.

Participate and

control testing

and pre-

commissioning,

including off-

site works test-

ing

Review, comment

and approve. Carry

out of sport checks.

Procure procedures

from BSC and sup-

pliers for approval.

Witness and vali-

date test and re-

sults. Complete

outstanding works

schedule.

Review,

comment and

accept. Spot

check as

required.

Review,

comment and

accept. Spot

check as

required.

APPENDIX (4).


Activity de-

scription

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)



Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)


7. Production of

project specific

test sheets.

Prepare and

issue pro forma

sheets, including

interface and

performance

tests.

Control works

of BSC and TS.

Receive review

and approve.

Liaise with

CMO.

Review, com-

ment and ac-

cept.

Review, comment

and approve.

Prepare and issue

pro forma sheets,

including inter-

face and perfor-

mance tests.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

8. Monitor and

report on com-

missioning

progress.

Prepare spread-

sheets to be used

to monitor all

progress. Issue

and update at

regular inter-

vals.

Receive and

review reports,

and circulate.

Assist CMO

during moni-

toring

progress.

Assist MC

during moni-

toring

progress.

Receive and re-

view reports, and

circulate. Monitor

progress, and

mange any pro-

gramme changes.

Prepare spread-

sheets to be used

to monitor all

progress. Issue

and update at

regular intervals.

Monitor progress,

and mange any

programme

changes.

Review and

comment.

Review and

comment.

APPENDIX (5).


Activity de-

scription

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)



Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)


9. Progressive

installation tests

and pre-

commission.

Monitor, wit-

ness, and ensure

accurate record-

ing of all results,

in accordance

with method

statements.

Monitor

progress.

Implement test-

ing, prepare

records, and

demonstrate.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Spot check as

required.

Monitor

progress. Carry

out of sport

checks.

Implement test-

ing, prepare

records, and

demonstrate.

Carry out of

sport checks.

Monitor, wit-

ness, and ensure

accurate record-

ing of all results,

in accordance

with method

statements.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Spot check as

required

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Spot check as

required.

APPENDIX (6).


Activity de-

scription

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)



Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)


10. Pipework

system flushing,

cleaning and

dosing

Monitor, wit-

ness, and ensure

accurate record-

ing of all results,

in accordance

with method

statements.

Monitor and

follow of

progress

Implement ac-

tivities, prepare

records, and

issue analysis

reports.

Review, com-

ment. Spot

check as re-

quired

Monitor

progress. Carry

out of sport

checks.

Implement ac-

tivities, prepare

records, and

issue analysis

reports. Carry

out of sport

checks. Monitor,

witness, and

ensure accurate

recording of all

results, in ac-

cordance with

method state-

ments.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Spot check as

required

Review, com-

ment. Full check

APPENDIX (7).


Activity de-

scription

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)



Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)


11. Setting to

work of plant

and systems,

commissioning

and performance

testing in accor-

dance with pro-

gramme.

Direct BSC,

giving guidance

as necessary.

Witness activi-

ties? And ensure

accurate record-

ing of results.

Monitor and

follow of

progress

Execute all

planned activi-

ties. Demon-

strate selected

items to MC/CE

as directed.

Witness activi-

ties. Spot check

as required

Monitor

progress. Wit-

ness as required.

Execute all

planned activi-

ties, demon-

strate selected

items to TS and

BSC and TC as

required. Ensure

accurate record-

ing of results.

Carry out of

sport checks and

witness activi-

ties on a se-

lected basis.

Witness activi-

ties. Full check.

APPENDIX (8).


Activity

description

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)



Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)


12. Prepare test-

ing and com-

missioning re-

ports incorporat-

ing all plant and

system result.

Action and

submit to MC.

Monitor

progress

Liaise with MC

and supply all

relevant docu-

mentation. Ac-

tion adjustment

to system per-

formance as

advised or in-

structed by MC.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Issue directives

to MC as appro-

priate.

Monitoring

progress. Issue

direc-

tives/instruction

s to BSC as

appropriate.

Action and

submit to TC.

Issue direc-

tives/instruction

s to BSC as

appropriate.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Issue directives

to MC as appro-

priate.

Liaise with MC

and supply all

relevant docu-

mentation. Ac-

tion adjustment

to system per-

formance as

advised or in-

structed by MC.

APPENDIX (9).


Activity de-

scription

Commission

manages

organization

(CMO)

Technical

client

(TC)



Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical

supervision

(TS)


13. Prepare

models for

record docu-

menta-

tion/drawings

and O&M ma-

nual format.

Monitor prepa-

ration and

comment on

submissions via

MC.

Monitor

preparation

and com-

ments and

control of

relationship

MC and

BSC.

Submit informa-

tion and liaise

with CMO.

Submit information

and liaise with MC.

Monitoring

progress. Issue

direc-

tives/instructions

to BSC as appro-

priate.

Preparation of

models for

record docu-

menta-

tion/drawings

and O&M ma-

nual format.

Liaise with

BSC.

Review, com-

ment and accept.

Review, com-

ment and ac-

cept.

14. Statutory

demonstration

Manage and

coordinate the

demonstration

of all life safety

systems as re-

quired, to the

Statutory

Monitor

progress.

Attend

demonstra-

tions

Execute all

planned activi-

ties in conjunc-

tion with MC

Manage and coor-

dinate the demon-

stration of all life

safety systems as

required, to the

Statutory

Monitor progress.

Attend demon-

strations

Execute all

planned activi-

ties in conjunc-

tion with BSC

Review, com-

ment and attend

demonstration

Review, com-

ment and at-

tend demon-

stration

APPENDIX (10).


Activity

description

Commission

manages or-

ganization

(CMO)

Technical

client (TC)



Consultant

engineer (CE)

Technical su-

pervision (TS)


15. Prepare final

record docu-

ments

Receive, collate, and comment on

submissions by BSC. Advise on

CDM issues.

Submit record documents for ap-

proval, and liaise with MC. Update

to suit comments.

Issue to client, and coordinate all

comments with BSC.

Review, comment and accept.

16. Client /end

user awareness

and liaison

Coordinate activities and advise the

client of all potential operation

implications

Liaise with MC and be responsive

to the client /end user’s needs.

Liaise with client /end user Monitor status

17. Client /end

user training

Coordinate and manage BSC con-

tractual obligations. Prepare pro-

gramme

Liaise with CMO (TC). Coordinate

the activities of specialist suppliers

Monitor progress and participate.

Liaise with client /end user

Review, comment and accept. Par-

ticipate as required

Documents

Blinnikova Olga