E-8-W

Public HealthDepartment of Entomology

FLEASTimothy J. Gibb and Gary W. Bennett, Extension Entomologists

Adultfleasarereddish-brownincolorandarelessthan1/10inchinlength.Theylackwingsandhavelaterallycom-pressedbodiesenablingthemtomoveeasilythroughbodyhairs.Theyhavethreepairsoflegswiththebackpairmodifiedforjumping.

feedondandruff,bodywastes,andotherdebrisonthefloororinpetbeds.In12to15daysthefullgrownlarvaechangetopupaeandthentoadults.Adultsfleasimmediatelysearchforanimalsuponwhichtofeed.

FLEA CONTROL ON DOGS AND CATS

Fleacontrolshouldbetwo-pronged,directedtocatsanddogstokilladultfleasandtobreedingsitestoeliminateim-maturefleas.

Petscanbetreatedforfleasbyusinginsecticidesprays,dusts, foams, shampoos, collars, feed additives, spot-ontreatments,andpills.Insecticidesregisteredforpetsincludepyrethrins,permethrin,lufenuron(Program),fipronil(FrontlinePlus),andimidacloprid(AdvantageII).Checkwithaveterinar-ianforspecificproductsandformulationscontainingtheseinsecticides. Alwaysreadandfollowinsecticidelabeldirections.Donotuseanyinsecticidesonapetunlessthelabelspecificallystatesthatitcanbeusedonthatpetspecies.Noterestric-tionssuchasageofanimaltobetreated,andprecautionssuchasnottreatingsickanimalsorusinginconjunctionwithothermedications. Productsadvertisedforfleacontrolsuchaspetcollarsequippedwith electronic sounding devices and combs formechanicalremovaloffleashavenotbeenproventorepelorcontrolfleasandarenotrecommended.

Catflea

Thereareseveralspeciesoffleasandeachfeedsonthebloodofanimalstoreproduce.Thecatfleaismostcommonandisusuallythespeciesfoundoncatsanddogsinhomes.Thedogflealooksandactslikethecatfleabutislesscom-mon.Thetruehumanfleaisuncommonbutmayoccasionallybefoundonpeople.Otherspeciesoffleasareassociatedwithmanyotherwarm-bloodedanimals. Each speciesoffleapreferstoliveandfeedonacertainkindofanimal(host)butwhenhungrymayattack otherwarm-bloodedanimalsincludinghumans.Thereisnosuchthingasasandfleathatcanliveinthesoilwithouthavingtofeedonanimals. Femalecatfleasdeposittheireggsontheirhosts,inpetbedding,onfloorsandfurniture,oronotheraccessibleplaces.Eggslaidonthehostarenotfirmlyattachedandsoonfalloff.Inafewdaystheeggshatchintoslender,white,leglesslarvaewithbristlyhairs.Thesetinylarvaearescavengersthat

Fleas — E-8-W 2

READ AND FOLLOW ALL LABEL INSTRUCTIONS. THIS INCLUDES DIRECTIONS FOR USE, PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS (HAZARDS TO HUMANS, DOMESTIC ANIMALS, AND ENDANGERED SPECIES), ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS, RATES OF APPLICATION, NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS, REENTRY INTERVALS, HARVEST RESTRICTIONS, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL, AND ANY SPECIFIC WARNINGS AND/OR PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING OF THE PESTICIDE.

It is the policy of the Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service that all persons have equal opportunity and access to its educational programs, services, activities, and facilities without regard to race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or ancestry, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, disability or status as a veteran. Purdue

University is an Affirmative Action institution. This material may be available in alternative formats.This work is supported in part by Extension Implementation Grant 2017-70006-27140/ IND011460G4-1013877 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

November 2017

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FLEA BITES ON HUMANS

Fleasmayalsobitepeople,particularlyifnootherhostispresent.Theyarewellknownfortheirabilitytojump(some-times8–10inches)anddosowhenapotentialhosthappenstowalkbyanewlyemergedadultflea.Asaresult,fleabitesoccurmostoftenneartheanklesandlowerlegsofpeople.

Fleasonceposedaseriousthreattohumansbecausetheytransmittedthebacteriaresponsibleforbubonicplague,howeverthisdiseasehaslargelybeeneradicated,especiallyinthedevelopedworld.Likewise,inyearspast,fleasalsospreadtapewormtohumansbutagain,thisisofminimalrisktoday.

Currentlyfleasaremostlyconsideredanuisancepesteventhougheverypersonrespondsslightlydifferentlytothebites.Formostpeoplethebiteleavesanitchy,redbumpwithasinglepuncturepointatthecenter,thatper-sistsforoneortwodays.Forpeoplewhoaremoresensi-tive,aredhaloformsaroundthebiteanditchingismoreintenseandpersistent.Instillotherpeopleanallergicreac-tionmayevenoccur.

Secondaryinfectionduetoscratchingisalwaysacon-cern,especiallyinyoungchildren.Cleaningtheareawithantisepticsolutions,usingtopicalantihistaminesandmoni-toringcloselyforsignsofinfectionistherecommendedfirstaidforthesebites.

Catfleasfeedingonhuman.

Catflealarvaecomparedtoapin.

FLEA CONTROL IN HOMES

Often,petownersreturningfromavacationfindtheirhomeoverrunwithactiveadultfleas.Inmostcasesthisisbecauseimmaturefleas,presentwhentheownersleft,havecompleteddevelopment, and the newly emerged, hungry adults aresearchingforabloodmeal.Inothercases,homeownersornewtenantsmovingintovacanthomesorapartmentswhereprevioustenantshaddogsorcatsmayalsoexperienceanadultfleaproblem.

Beforeanyinsecticideisappliedforfleacontrolitisadvisedtovacuumthepremisesthoroughly,especiallycarpets,andbedding,inareaswherepetsfrequent,incracksandcrevicesalong walls, and in all upholstered furniture. The vacuumbagcontentsshouldbeplaced inairtightplasticbagsanddiscardedassoonasthehousehasbeencleanedtoremovetheaccumulatedflealarvaeandpupae. Insecticidesavailableforuseinhomesincludeapyrethroidinsecticide,suchaspermethrin,tokilladultfleas,andapplysprayformulationsasalightmisttofloors,carpets,upholsteredfurniture,andbaseboards.Beforesprayingdelicatefabrics,treatasmallportiontobecertainthatthespraywillnotstainthefabric.Methoprene(Precor)andpyriproxyfen(Nylar,Ar-cher)areinsectgrowthregulatorsthatpreventfleaeggsfromhatchingandlarvalfleasfrompupatingintoadults.Becausetheseproductsdonotkilladultfleas, it isadvisabletousetheseinconjunctionwithanadultfleacontrollinginsecticide.Alwaysreadandfollowlabeldirectionsandprecautionsbeforeusinganyfleacontrollinginsecticide.