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Bladder stones
Particularly large (510 gram)
canine bladder stone
Formation of bladder stones
biggest factor in stone formation is oversaturation
of urine with crystals
other contributing factors include diet, frequency of
urination, genetics, current medications, and the
presence of a urinary tract infection
the stones form around a nidus, which can consist
of white blood cells, bacteria, and organic matrix
mixed with crystals, or crystals alone
Symptoms
cause blood in the urine
painful urination
urinary tract obstruction and the inability to
urinate wich cause acute renal failure,
hyperkalemia, septicemia, and death within
a few days
Diagnosis
When symptoms indicate bladder stones:
to take an x-ray
ultrasonography
urinalysis
X-ray bladder stones in a dog
Treatment
stones can be dissolved using dietary
modifications and/or medications
removed by urohydropropulsion, a
nonsurgical procedure
removed surgically by a cystotomy,
opening of the bladder
stones lodged in the urethra can often
be flushed into the bladder and
removed
Struvite crystals
Calcium oxalate stones
Urate stones
Silicate stones
Calcium phosphate stones
Cystine stones