Blacktail Fuels Reduction Environmental Assessmenta123.g.akamai.net/7/123/11558/abc123/forestservic... · Blacktail Fuels Reduction Environmental Assessment Volume 2- Appendices Page

Blacktail Fuels Reduction Environmental Assessment

Volume 2- Appendices Page 1

ORGANIZATION OF THE BLACKTAIL FUELS REDUCTION- ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

VOLUME 1 Summary Table of Contents Lists of Tables & Figures CHAPTER I Introduction: This chapter includes information on the history of the project proposal, the purpose of and need for the project, and the agency’s proposal for achieving that purpose and need. This chapter describes the regulatory framework and prior planning documents used in this assessment. This section also details how the Forest Service informed the public of the proposal and how the public responded. The proposed decision to be made is also described in this chapter. CHAPTER II Comparison of Alternatives, including the Proposed Action: This chapter provides a more detailed description of the agency’s proposed action as well as alternative methods (including taking no action) for achieving the stated purpose. These alternatives were developed based on issues raised by the public and other agencies. This discussion also includes possible mitigation measures that accompany the proposed action and alternatives to avoid or minimize environmental impacts. Finally, this chapter provides a summary table of the environmental consequences associated with each alternative. CHAPTER III Environmental Consequences: This chapter describes the environmental effects of implementing the proposed action and other alternatives. It begins with a section describing past activities within the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area, and then analyzes each issue identified for detailed analysis in Chapter 2. Each of these analyses covers the following information: scope of the analysis, regulatory framework and management direction, analysis methods and indicators, summary, existing condition, environmental consequences including direct, indirect, and cumulative effects, and consistency with the Forest Plan and environmental law. CHAPTER IV Agencies and Persons Consulted: This section provides a list of preparers, and agencies and persons consulted during the development of the environmental assessment.

VOLUME 2 APPENDIX A - LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX B – GLOSSARY & ACRONYMS APPENDIX C – ROAD MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES APPENDIX D – PROPOSED FOREST PLAN AMENDMENT APPENDIX E – BALD EAGLE ESSENTIAL HABITAT APPENDIX F – COARSE WOODY DEBRIS, SNAG AND GREEN TREE RETENTION GUIDELINES APPENDIX G – SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR WATERSHED, FISHERIES, AND TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS APPENDIX H – MONITORING PLAN APPENDIX I – MAPS

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA Forest Service is an equal opportunity provider and employer.


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Appendix A – Literature Cited Page A-1

APPENDIX A LITERATURE CITED

Acheson, Ann; Stanich, Charles; Story, Mark. 2000. Describing Air Resource Impacts: From Prescribed Fire Projects in NEPA Documents for Montana and Idaho in Region 1 and Region 4. November 2000. USDA Forest Service. 30 pp.

Agee, J.K. 1993. Fire ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests. Island Press, Wash. DC. pp. 54-57; pp. 153-155.

Alexander, E.B., and R. Poff. 1985. Soil disturbance and compaction in wildland management. USDA Forest Service. Pacific Southwest Region. Earth Resources Monograph 8:30- 32.

Anderson, H.E. 1982. Aids to Determining Fuel Models for Estimating Fire Behavior. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-122. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah 84401. 22 pp.

Anderson, Wood Powell. 1983. Weed Science: Principles. West Publishing Co. ISBN 0-314-69632-6.

Aney, W.C. and B.R. McClelland. 1990. Pileated woodpecker habitat relationships. In: N.M. Warren (ed.). Old-growth habitats and associated wildlife species in the northern Rocky Mountains. R1-90-42. USDA Forest Service. pp. 10-17.

Arno, Stephen F. 1988. Fire Ecology and Its Management Implications in Ponderosa Pine Forests. In: Ponderosa Pine, the Species and its Management, Symposium Proceedings. Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, Washington. pp. 133-139.

Atkinson, E. C., and M. L. Atkinson. 1990. Distribution and status of flammulated owls (Otus flammeolus) on the Salmon National Forest. Idaho Natural Heritage Program, Nongame Program, Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game. 41 pp. pp. 1, 8-9.

Barrett, S. W., J. L Jones, and D. Berglund. 2002. Modeling historical and current fire regimes for major vegetation types in northern Idaho and western Montana: A first approximation. Unpublished report on file, Planning Division, USDA Forest Service, Nez Perce National Forest, Grangeville, Idaho.

Barrett, S.W. 1993. Fire regimes on the Clearwater and Nez Perce National Forests, North-central Idaho. Unpublished report on file: Fire Management Division, USDA Forest Service, Nez Perce National Forest, Grangeville, ID.

Bartelt, P.E. and C.R. Peterson. 1994. Riparian habitat utilization by western toads (Bufo boreas) and spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa). Final report to the USDA Forest Service Intermountain Research Station, Boise, Idaho. 30pp.

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Behnke, R.J. 2002. Trout and Salmon of North America. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.



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Garrison, M.T., and J.A. Moore. 1998. Nutrient management: a summary and review. Intermountain Forest Tree Nutrition Cooperative. Supplemental Report 98-5. 48 pp.

Geist, J.M., J.W. Hazard, and K.W. Seidel. 1989. Assessing physical conditions of some Pacific Northwest volcanic ash soils after forest harvest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53:946-950.

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Gerhardt, N. 2002. Horse Creek Summary of Results. Unpublished report dated December 20, 2002. 5 pp. Nez Perce National Forest. Grangeville, Idaho.

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Deleted: draft



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Appendix B - Glossary & Acronyms Page B-1

APPENDIX B GLOSSARY & ACRONYMS

TERM DEFINITION Abiotic Non-living. Climate is an abiotic component of ecosystems. ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Active Nest A nest with an adult pair present at least 1 year within a period of 5 consecutive years. ADA American with Disabilities Act

Adfluvial Fish that spawn in tributary streams where the young rear from 1 to 4 years before migrating to a lake system, where they grow to maturity.

Affected environment

The natural environment that exists at the present time in an area being analyzed. The environment of the area to be affected or created by the alternatives under consideration.

Age class An age grouping of trees of according to an interval of years, usually 20 years. A single age class would have trees that are within 20 years of the same age, such as 1-20 years or 21-40 years.

Aggradational River valley or streambed whose level is rising because it is depositing streambed material or debris.

Aggrade To raise the channel of a river by depositing sediment and similar materials.

Air Quality The composition of air with respect to quantities of pollution therein, used most frequently in connection with “standards” of maximum acceptable pollutant concentrations.

Airshed Geographic unit in which air quality is managed. Alevins A newly-hatched salmon or trout prior to absorption of the yolk sac. Allopatric Species, taxa or life-history forms occurring in separate or disjunct geographic areas. ALTA Aquatic Landtype Association

Alternative A combination of management prescriptions applied in specific amounts and locations to achieve a desired management emphasis as expressed in goals and objectives. One of several policies, plans, or projects proposed for decision.

Alternative, No Action An alternative that maintains current established trends or management direction.

Ammocoetes rval stage of lampreys, usually lasting four to seven years.

Anadromous Fish Fish that migrate from salt water seas up fresh water streams to reproduce. ANILCA Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act Animal Unit Month (AUM)

The quantity of forage required by one mature cow and her calf (or the equivalent, in sheep or horses, for instance) for one month.

Apparent Naturalness

Roadless area characteristic defined as an indicator of whether an area appears natural to most people who are using the area. It is a measure of importance of visitors' perception of human impacts to the area. There may be some human impact, but it would not be obvious to the casual observer and the area would have the appearance of being affected only by the forces of nature.

Area with unroaded characteristics

Identified through internal Forest Service NEPA analysis to determine areas that are unroaded (outside of IRA and Wilderness areas).


Appendix B – Glossary & Acronyms Page B-2

TERM DEFINITION

Arterial road A forest road that provides service to large land areas and usually connects with other arterial roads or public highways.

ATM Access Travel Management ATV All Terrain Vehicle Aquatic Ecosystem

A stream channel, lake or estuary bed, the water itself, and the biotic communities that occur therein.

ARPA Archaeological Resource Protection Act Aspect The direction a slope faces. A hillside facing east has an eastern aspect.

ASQ (allowable sale quantity)

The amount of timber that may be sold within a certain time period from an area of suitable land. The suitability of the land and the time period are specified in the Forest Plan.

Authorized Officer The Forest Service employee delegated Officer given the authority to perform a duty described in these rules. A Regional Forester, Forest Supervisor, District Ranger depending on the scope and level of the duty to be performed.

Background Viewing Area

A landscape viewing area visible to a viewer from approximately three to five miles to infinity.

BACT Best Available Control Technology

Bankfull stage The stream flow level at which flooding occurs; generally considered to have a 1 to 2 year return interval.

Bark beetle An insect that bores through the bark of forest trees to eat the inner bark and lay its eggs. Bark beetles are important killers of forest trees.

Basal area (BA) The area of the cross section of a tree trunk near its base, usually 4 and ½ feet above the ground. Basal area is a way to measure how much of a site is occupied by trees. The term basal area is often used to describe the collective basal area of trees per acre.

BBS Breeding Bird Survey

Bedload diment in or beside the stream bed.

Best Available Science

The Responsible Official has considered the best available science, also considering public input, competing use demands, budget projections, and other factors. Consideration of science has included:

Surveying a wide range of available scientific information, including both published material, historical data, and agency surveys and reports to develop a comprehensive basis for analysis of important issues.

Using best available data and models at appropriate scales, on the basis of internal review and consultation.

Evaluating and disclosing limitations of data and models. Evaluating and disclosing substantial risks associated with project actions based on

that science, and identifying the ecosystem components at risk. Considering and disclosing uncertainties and opposing viewpoints in scientific

literature pertinent to project development and effects analysis. Independent peer review and other appropriate review to evaluate the application of

science. These considerations are adapted from proposed Forest Planning Rule 219.11:

Consideration of science in planning; Federal Register Volume 59, No. 126: Notice of interagency cooperative policy on information standards under the Endangered Species Act; Final ESA Consultation Handbook, March 1998, pages 1-6 on best available scientific and commercial data; and relevant court decisions. Each consideration is discussed in the individual resource analysis to the degree the issues merit.



TERM DEFINITION

Best Management Practices (BMPs)

The set of management practices that, when applied during implementation of a project, ensures that water-related beneficial uses are protected and that state water quality standards are met.

Big Game Those species of large mammals normally managed as a sport hunting resource.

Biodiversity The variety of life in an area, including the variety of genes, species, plant, and animal communities, and ecosystems, as well as the interactions of these elements.

Biological Assessment (BA)

A stand alone document that reviews all Forest Service planned, funded, executed, or permitted programs and activities for possible effects on federally listed threatened, endangered, proposed, and candidate species as identified for the cumulative effects area in coordination with the USFWS. A Biological Assessment is used to satisfy consultation requirements with the USFWS for projects requiring an Environmental Impact Statement. (Reference: Sec. 7, ESA; 50 CFR, 402.12, 1508.7, 1508.25, and 1508.27.) The Biological Assessment displays the Determination of Effects for the DEIS or FEIS preferred alternative. The Determination of Effects (Salwasser, et al. Aug. 17, 1995) is limited to: (1) No Effect; (2) May effect - Not likely to adversely affect (NLAA); (3) *May effect - Likely to adversely affect (LAA); and (4) Beneficial effect. * = Considered a trigger for a significant action.

Biological Evaluation (BE)

Documentation on USFS sensitive species (animal and plant) contained within an EIS. Documentation includes a review of USFS sensitive species present, their habitat, and addresses and identifies the Determination of Effects on these species. The USFWS review of the biological evaluation is addressed through public scoping and conducted in conjunction with overall agency review of the DEIS. Reference FSM 2673.4 - Biological Evaluations for Sensitive Species. Opinions in the determination of impacts to sensitive species (Salwasser, et al. Aug. 17,1995) are limited to: (1) NI = No impact; (2) MIIH = May impact individuals or habitat, but will not likely contribute to a trend towards federal listing, or cause a loss of viability to the population or species; (3) *WIFV = Will impact individuals or habitat with a consequence that the action may contribute to a trend towards federal listing or cause a loss of viability to the population of species; and (4) BI = Beneficial impact. * = Trigger for a significant action as defined in NEPA.

Biological Opinion (BO)

An official report by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) issued in response to a formal Forest Service request for consultation or conference. It states whether an action is likely to result in jeopardy to a species or adverse modification to its critical habitat.

Biomass The total weight of all living organisms in a biological community. Biota Living. Green plants and soil micro-organisms are biotic components of ecosystems BLM U.S. Bureau of Land Management BMPs Best Management Practices

Board foot A measurement term for lumber or timber. It is the amount of wood contained in an unfinished board 1 inch thick, 12 inches long, and 12 inches wide.

Breakland The steep and very steep broken land at the border of an upland summit that is dissected by ravines.

Broadcast burn A prescribed fire that burns a designated area. These controlled fires can reduce wildfire hazards, improve forage for wildlife and livestock, or encourage successful regeneration of trees.

Buffer A land area that is designated to block or absorb unwanted impacts to the area beyond the buffer. Buffer strips along a trail could block views that may be undesirable. Buffers may be set-aside next to wildlife habitat to reduce abrupt change to the habitat.



TERM DEFINITION Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

The Department of Interior agency responsible for managing most federal government subsurface minerals.

CAA Clean Air Act

Cable logging Logging that involves the transport of logs from stump to collection points by means of suspended steel cables. Cable logging reduces the need for the construction of logging roads.

Canopy The part of any stand of trees represented by the tree crowns. It usually refers to the uppermost layer of foliage, but it can be used to describe lower layers in a multi-storied forest.

Canopy fuels The live and dead foliage, live and dead branches, and lichen of trees and tall shrubs that lie above the surface fuels.

Capability

The potential of an area of land to produce resources, supply goods and services, and allow resource uses under an assumed set of management practices and at a given level of management intensity. Capability depends upon current conditions and site conditions such as climate, slope, landform, soils, and geology, as well as the application of mgt practices, such as silviculture or protection from fire, insects, and disease.

Cave

The term "cave" means any naturally occurring void, cavity, recess, or system of interconnected passages that occurs beneath the surface of the earth or within a cliff or ledge (including any cave resource therein, but not including any mine, tunnel, aqueduct, or other manmade excavation) and that is large enough to permit an individual to enter, whether or not the entrance is naturally formed or manmade. Such term shall include any natural pit, sinkhole, or other feature that is an extension of the entrance. (Source: Federal Cave Resource Protection Act of 1988.)

Cave Resource

The term "cave resource" includes any material or substance occurring naturally in caves on federal lands, such as animal life, plant life, paleontological deposits, sediments, minerals, speleogens, and speleothems. (Source: Federal Cave Resource Protection Act of 1988.) See also July 1, 1994, CFR 36, Part 261-Prohibitions [specifically 261.8 (e), 261.9 (j), 261.10 (d)(3), and 261.10 (n)] and 290-Cave Resource Management.

Cavity A hole in a tree often used by wildlife species, usually birds, for nesting, roosting, and reproduction.

CBWMA Clearwater Basin Weed Management Area CDC Conservation Data Center CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CFR Code of Federal Regulations

Channel types Stream channel classification system based on observable characteristics; in this document based on Rosgen (1996).

CIEPA Central Idaho Experimental Population Area

Classified Road

Roads wholly or partially within or adjacent to National Forest System lands that are determined to be needed for long-term motor vehicle access, including state roads, county roads, privately owned roads, National Forest System roads, and other roads authorized by the Forest Service.

Clean Water Act The Clean Water Act is the primary federal law that protects our nation’s waters, including lakes, rivers, aquifers, and coastal areas.

Clearcut A harvest in which all or almost all of the trees are removed in one cutting.

Climax The culminating stage in plant succession for a given site. Climax vegetation is stable and self-reproducing.



TERM DEFINITION

Closure The administrative order that does not allow specified users in designated areas or on Forest development roads or trails.

Coarse woody debris (CWD)

Snags, fallen trees, and decaying logs and large limbs distributed across the forest floor that are larger than three inches in diameter and a length greater than six feet. Also referred to as large woody debris or LWD.

Code of Federal Regulation (CFR)

Regulations developed at the Department level for the specific implementation of a Public Law.

Collector road A forest road that serves smaller land areas than an arterial road and usually connects forest arterial roads to local forest roads or terminal facilities.

Colluvium Rock and soil accumulated at the foot of a slope from gravitational forces.

Composition What an ecosystem is composed of. Composition could include water, minerals, trees, snags, wildlife, soil, micro-organisms, and certain plant species.

Condition Class

A fire regime condition class (FRCC) is a classification of the amount of departure from the natural regime (Hann and Bunnell 2001). There are three condition classes for each fire regime. The three classes are based on low (CC 1), moderate (CC 2), and high (CC 3) departure from the central tendency of the natural (historical) regime (Hann and Bunnell 2001, Hardy et al. 2001, Schmidt et al. 2002). Low departure is considered to be within the natural (historical) range of variability, while moderate and high departures are outside. Characteristic vegetation and fuel conditions are considered to be those that occurred within the natural (historical) fire regime. Uncharacteristic conditions are considered to be those that did not occur within the natural (historical) fire regime, such as invasive species (e.g. weeds, insects, and diseases), “high graded” forest composition and structure (e.g. large trees removed in a frequent surface fire regime), or repeated annual grazing that maintains grassy fuels across relatively large areas at levels that will not carry a surface fire. A simplified description of the fire regime condition classes and associated potential risks follow. Condition Class 1: Within the natural (historical) range of variability of vegetation characteristics; fuel composition; fire frequency, severity and pattern; and other associated disturbances. Fire behavior, effects, and other associated disturbances are similar to those that occurred prior to fire exclusion (suppression) and other types of management that do not mimic the natural fire regime and associated vegetation and fuel characteristics. Composition and structure of vegetation and fuels are similar to the natural (historical) regime. Risk of loss of key ecosystem components (e.g. native species, large trees, and soil) are low. Condition Class 2: Moderate departure from the natural (historical) regime of vegetation characteristics; fuel composition; fire frequency, severity and pattern; and other associated disturbances. Fire behavior, effects, and other associated disturbances are moderately departed (more or less severe). Composition and structure of vegetation and fuel are moderately altered. Uncharacteristic conditions range from low to moderate. Risk of loss of key ecosystem components are moderate. Condition Class 3: High departure from the natural (historical) regime of vegetation characteristics; fuel composition; fire frequency, severity and pattern; and other associated disturbances. Fire behavior, effects, and other associated disturbances are highly departed (more or less severe). Composition and structure of vegetation and fuel are highly altered. Uncharacteristic conditions range from moderate to high. Risk of loss of key ecosystem components are high



TERM DEFINITION Condition Class definitions within HFRA refer to the Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station general technical report entitled “Development of Coarse-Scale Spatial Data for Wildland Fire and Fuels Management (RMRS-87), dated April 2000. The above definition was derived from that report.

Conifer A tree that produces cones, such as a pine, spruce, or fir tree

Connected actions

A connected action is one type of action considered in determining the scope of the Proposed Action. Connected actions are actions that closely relate and therefore should be discussed in the same EIS (40 CFR 1508.29(i)(ii)(iii)). Actions are connected if they: (i) Automatically trigger other actions that may require environmental impact statements. (ii) Cannot or will not proceed unless other actions are taken previously or simultaneously. (iii) Are interdependent parts of larger actions and depend on the larger action for their justification.

Connectivity Condition in which the spatial arrangements of land cover types allows organisms and ecological processes (such as disturbance) to move across the landscape. Connectivity is the opposite of fragmentation.

Connectivity (of habitats)

The linkage of similar but separated vegetation stands by patches, corridors, or “stepping stones” of like vegetation. This term can also refer to the degree to which similar habitats are linked.

Consumptive use Use of resources that reduces the supply, such as logging and mining Contour A line drawn on a map connecting points of the same elevation.

Contrast The effect of a striking difference in the form, line, color, or texture of an area being viewed.

Corridor Elements of the landscape that connect similar areas. Streamside vegetation may create a corridor of willows and hardwoods between meadows were wildlife feed.

Cost The negative or adverse effects of expenditures resulting from an action. Costs may be monetary, social, physical, or environmental in nature.

Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)

An advisory council to the President established by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. It reviews federal programs for their effect on the environment, conducts environmental studies, and advises the President on environmental matters.

County Road A road under the jurisdiction of the county.

Cover Any feature that conceals wildlife or fish. Cover may be dead or live vegetation, boulders, or undercut stream banks. Animals use cover to escape from predators rest, or feed.

Cover type (forest cover type) Stands of particular vegetation types that are composed of similar species.

Created opening An opening in the forest cover created by the application of even-aged silvicultural practices.

Critical Habitat

Specific areas within the geographical area occupied by the species on which are found those physical and biological features (1) essential to the conservation of the species, and (2) that may require special management considerations or protection. Critical habitat shall not include the entire geographic area that can be occupied by the threatened and/or endangered species.



TERM DEFINITION

Crown

The part of a tree or woody plant bearing live branches and foliage. Dominant - Trees with crowns extending above the general level of the main canopy of even-aged groups of trees, and receiving full light from above and partly from the sides. Co-dominant - Trees with crowns forming the general level of the main canopy in even-aged groups of trees, receiving full light from above and comparatively little from the sides. Intermediate - Trees with crowns extending into the lower portion of the main canopy of even-aged groups of trees, but shorter in height than the co-dominants. They receive little direct light from above and none from the sides. Overtopped (Suppressed) - Trees of varying levels of vigor that have their crowns completely covered by the crowns of one or more neighboring trees.

Crown fire Any fire that burns in canopy fuels.

Cultural resource The remains of sites, structures, or objects used by people in the past; this can be historical or pre-historic.

Cumulative effects Effects on the environment that result from separate, individual actions that, collectively, become significant over time.

Cumulative Effects Analysis

An analysis of the effects of the environment that results from the incremental impact of a proposed action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions, regardless of what agency (federal or nonfederal), or person undertakes such other actions.

Cumulative Impact

The impact on the environment that results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency (federal or non-federal) or person undertakes such other actions. Cumulative impacts can result from individually minor but collectively significant actions taking place over a period of time.

CWA Clean Water Act CWD Coarse Woody Debris CWE Cumulative Watershed Effects

D50 D50 is the median particle size of stream substrate, meaning. that 50 percent of the material is smaller. and 50 percent is larger.

dbh Diameter at Breast Height: The diameter of a tree 4 and ½ feet above the ground on the uphill side of the tree.

Degrade To erode or deepen a river channel.

DEIS Draft Environmental Impact Statement - The draft version of the Environmental Impact Statement that is released to the public and other agencies for review and comment.

Dendritic A stream drainage pattern found in areas of relatively uniform geologic structure and characterized by a branching, tree-like form.

Desired future condition

Land or resource conditions that are expected to result if goals and objectives are fully achieved.

Developed Recreation

Recreation that occurs where improvements have been added to enhance recreation opportunities and accommodate intensive recreation activities in a defined area.

Diameter at breast height

The standard method for measuring tree diameter at 4½ feet from the ground. Also known as dbh.

Direct Effects Effects on the environment that occur at the same time and place as the initial cause or action.

Dispersed recreation

Recreation that does not occur in a developed recreation site, such as hunting, backpacking, and scenic driving.



TERM DEFINITION

Displacement As applied to wildlife, forced shifts in the patterns of wildlife use, either in location or timing of use.

District Ranger The official responsible for administering the National Forest System lands on a Ranger District, and a line officer.

Disturbance Any event, such as forest fire or insect infestations that alter the structure, composition, or functions of an ecosystem.

Diversity

(1) The relative abundance of wildlife species, plant species, communities, habitats, or habitat features per unit of area. (2) The distribution and abundance of different plant and animal communities and species within the area covered by a Land and Resource Management Plan.

Draft Environmental Impact Statement

(DEIS) A detailed written statement as required by Sec. 102 (2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

Duration The length of time management activity and its impacts will be taking place. EA Environmental Assessment EAWS Ecosystem Analysis at the Watershed Scale EC Existing Conditions ECA Equivalent Clearcut Area

Ecology The interrelationships of living things to one another and to their environment, or the study of these interrelationships.

Ecoregion An area over which the climate is sufficiently uniform to permit development of similar ecosystems on sites that have similar properties. Ecoregions contain many landscapes with different spatial patterns of ecosystems.

Ecosystem An arrangement of living and non-living things and the forces that move among them. Living things include plants and animals. Non-living parts of ecosystems may be rocks and minerals. Weather and wildfire are tow of the forces that act within ecosystems.

Ecosystem management

An ecological approach to natural resource management to assure productive, healthy ecosystems by blending social, economic, physical, and biological needs and values.

Ecosystem structure

The physical arrangement of the various components. In addition, trophic (nourishing) structure; measured in standing crop or energy fixed per unit area per unit time. May be pyramids of numbers, biomass, or energy flows.

Edge The margin where two or more vegetation patches meet, such as a meadow opening next to a mature forest stand, or a ponderosa pine stand next to an aspen stand.

Effects (also see Impacts)

Physical, biological, social, and economic results (expected or experienced) resulting from achievement of outputs. Effects can be direct, indirect, and cumulative and may be either beneficial or detrimental.

EHE Elk Habitat Effectiveness EIS Environmental Impact Statement (under NEPA)

Endangered species

A plant or animal that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Endangered species are identified by the Secretary of the Interior in accordance with the Endangered Species Act of 1973.

Endemic Restricted to a specified region or locality. Endemic plant/organism

A plant or animal that occurs naturally in a certain region and whose distribution is relatively limited geographically.



TERM DEFINITION

Enhancement A short-term visual resource management objective aimed at increasing positive visual variety where little variety now exists.

Environmental Analysis

An analysis of alternatives actions and their predictable short- and long-term environmental effects, which include physical, biological, economic, social, and environmental design factors and their interactions. Completion of this level of analysis may result in a Decision Notice (DN) and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI).

Environmental Assessment (EA)

A concise public document prepared to provide sufficient evidence and analysis for determining whether to prepare an environmental impact statement or a finding of no significant impact. It includes a brief discussion of the need for the proposal, alternatives considered, environmental impact of the proposed action and alternatives, and a list of agencies and individuals consulted.

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

A formal public document prepared to analyze and disclose the impacts on the environment of the proposed project or action and alternatives.

Environmental Justice

When environmental effects do not disproportionately affect minority or low-income communities.

EO Executive Order EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Ephemeral stream A stream that flows only in direct response to precipitation and whose channel is at all times above the water table.

Episodic disturbance Disturbances (like most fire or flood) that occur patchily in time and space.

Erosion (1) The wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice, or other geological agents, including such processes as gravitational creep. (2) Detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind, ice, or gravity.

Erosion hazard The probability of soil loss resulting from complete removal of vegetation and litter. It is an interpretation based on potential soil loss in relation to tolerance values.

ERU Ecological Reporting Unit ESA Endangered Species Act ESC Existing Scenic Condition Escapement Adult fish that return to spawn.

Even-aged A stand of trees that originated at a single point in time, so that the individual trees are approximately the same age or a regeneration system designed to produce such a stand.

Even-aged management

Timber management actions that result in the creation of stands of trees in which the trees are essentially the same age.

Executive Orders 11990 and 11988

The purpose of these executive orders is to avoid to the extent possible the long- and short-term adverse impacts associated with the destruction or modification of wetlands and floodplains.

Existing Old Growth

Individual stands on a national forest currently recognized as meeting the parameters of the old-growth operational definitions.

Existing Scenic Condition Current Scenic Condition of the Forest.

Exotic Foreign, not native. Extirpated Eradicated or abolished from an area.



TERM DEFINITION Face watershed Small, first order drainage, often unnamed tributaries, draining directly into a river. Fauna The animal life of an area. FDR Forest Development Road FEIS Final Environmental Impact Statement FEIS Database See ‘Fire Effects Information System’ Felling Cutting down trees. FIA Forest Inventory Assessment

Final cut The removal of the last seed bearers or shelter trees after regeneration of new trees has been established in a stand being managed under the shelterwood system of silviculture.

Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS)

The final version of the public document required by NEPA.

Fine fuels Cured grasses, leaves, needles, twigs, and small branches that ignite easily and carry fire rapidly.

Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)

FEIS provides up-to-date information about fire effects on plants and animals. It was developed at the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The FEIS database contains literature reviews, taken from current English-language literature of almost 900 plant species, about 100 animal species, and 16 Kuchler plant communities found on the North American continent. The emphasis of each review is fire and how it affects each species. Background information on taxonomy, distribution, basic biology, and ecology of each species is also included. Reviews are thoroughly documented, and each contains a complete bibliography. Managers from several land management agencies (United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service) identified the species to be included in the database. Those agencies funded the original work and continue to support maintenance and updating of the database. FEIS staff accessions current English-language literature for FEIS literature reviews by searching scientific abstracts including Agricola, Current Contents, Current Titles in Wildland Fire, Ecodisc, Ecological Abstracts, Forestry Abstracts, Georef, and Water Resources Abstracts. Tables of Content from reefed scientific journals and government publication lists are also regularly searched for pertinent literature.



TERM DEFINITION

Fire regime

A natural fire regime is a general classification of the role fire would play across a landscape in the absence of modern human mechanical intervention, but including the influence of aboriginal burning (Agee 1993, Brown 1995). Coarse-scale definitions for natural (historical) fire regimes have been developed by Hardy et al. (2001) and Schmidt et al. (2002) and interpreted for fire and fuels management by Hann and Bunnell (2001). The five natural (historical) fire regimes are classified based on average number of years between fires (fire frequency) combined with the severity (amount of replacement) of the fire on the dominant overstory vegetation. These five regimes include: I – 0-35 year frequency and low (surface fires most common) to mixed severity (less than 75% of the dominant overstory vegetation replaced); II – 0-35 year frequency and high (stand replacement) severity (greater than 75% of the dominant overstory vegetation replaced); III – 35-100+ year frequency and mixed severity (less than 75% of the dominant overstory vegetation replaced); IV – 35-100+ year frequency and high (stand replacement) severity (greater than 75% of the dominant overstory vegetation replaced); V – 200+ year frequency and high (stand replacement) severity. As scale of application becomes finer these five classes may be defined with more detail, or any one class may be split into finer classes, but the hierarchy to the coarse scale definitions should be retained.

Fire return interval The number of years between two successive fire events at a specific site or an area of a specified size; the average time between wildfires in a given ecosystem.

Fire severity ratings

Low Fire Severity: Low soil heating, or light ground char, occurs where litter is scorched, charred, or consumed, but the duff is left largely intact, although it can be charred on the surface. Woody debris accumulation are partially consumed or charred. Mineral soil is not changed. Fire severity in forest ecosystems is low if the litter and duff layers are scorched or not altered over the entire depth. The surface is mostly black in a shrubland or grassland ecosystem, although gray ash can be present for a short time. Soil temperatures at 1 cm are less than 50˚C. Lethal temperatures for soil organisms occur down to depths of about 1 cm.

Moderate Fire Severity: Moderate soil heating, or moderate ground char, occurs where the litter on forest sites is consumed and the duff is deeply charred or consumed, but the underlying mineral soil surface is not visibly altered. Light colored ash is present. Woody debris is mostly consumed, except for logs, which are deeply charred. On shrubland or grassland sites, gray or white ash is present and char can be visible in the upper 1 cm of mineral soil, but the soil is not altered. Soil temperatures at the 1 cm depth can reach 100 to 200˚C. Lethal temperatures for soil organisms occur down to depths of 3 to 5 cm.

High Fire Severity: High soil heating, or deep ground char, occurs, where the duff is completely consumed and the top of the mineral soils is visibly reddish or orange on severely burned sites. Color of the soil below 1 cm is darker or charred from organic material. The char layer can extend to a depth of 10 cm or more. Logs can be consumed or deeply charred, and deep ground char can occur under slash concentrations or burned out logs. Soil texture in the surface layers is changed and fusion evidenced by clinkers can be observed locally. All shrub stems are consumed and only the charred remains of large stubs may be visible. Soil temperatures at 1 cm are greater than 250 C. Lethal temperatures for soil organisms occur down to depths of 9 to 16 cm.

ebano et al. 1998) Fisheries Resident and anadromous fish species. Fisheries habitat Streams, lakes, and reservoirs that support fish, or have the potential to support fish.



TERM DEFINITION FISHSED Nez Perce National Forest Fish….

Flood plain Lowland adjoining a watercourse. At a minimum, the area is subject to a 1 percent or greater chance of flooding in a given year.

Flora The plant life of an area.

Fluvial Fish that spawn in tributary streams where the young rear from 1 to 4 years before migrating to a river system, where they grow to maturity; relating to or inhabiting a river or stream; produced by the action of a river or stream.

FOFEM First Order Fire Effects Model Forage All browse and non-woody plants that are eaten by wildlife and livestock. Forb A broadleaf plant that has little or no woody material in it.

Foreground One of the distance zones of a landscape being viewed. A distance that details can be perceived, normally within one quarter to one-half mile of the viewer. Must be determined on a case-by-case basis.

Forest An area of trees with overlapping crowns (generally forming a 60 to 100 percent cover). Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (RPA)

The parent act that preceded Forest Planning. This act directed that the National Forest System begin systematic resource planning on the National Forest units.

Forest cover type See cover type. Forest Development Transportation System

Those facilities, Forest Development Roads, trails, and airfields, in the transportation network and under Forest Service jurisdiction.

Forest health A measure of the robustness of forest ecosystems. Aspects of forest health include biological diversity; soil, air, and water productivity; natural disturbances; and the capacity of the rest to provide a sustaining flow of goods and services for people.

Forest land

Land at least 10 percent occupied by forest trees of any size or formerly having had such tree cover and not currently developed for non-forest use. Lands developed for non-forest use include areas for crops, improved pasture, residential, or administrative areas, improved roads of any width, and adjoining road clearing and powerline clearing of any width.

Forest Plan A comprehensive management plan prepared under the National Forest Management Act of 1976 that provides standards and guidelines for management activities on the Forest.

Forest Road See “National Forest System Road (NFSR)” Forest roads and trails Roads and trails under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.

Forest Service (FS)

The agency of the United States Department of Agriculture responsible for managing National Forests and Grasslands.(or USDA Forest Service)

Forest Supervisor The official responsible for administering National Forest lands on an administrative unit, usually one or more National Forests. The Forest Supervisor reports to the Regional Forester.

Form The mass of an object or objects that appears visually unified.



TERM DEFINITION

Formation A body of rock identified by lithic (stone) characteristics and stratigraphic (rock strata) position; it is prevailingly, but not necessarily tabular, and is mapable at the earth's surface or traceable in the subsurface.

FP Forest Plan

Fragmentation The splitting or isolating of patches of similar habitat, typically forest cover, but including other types of habitat. Habitat can be fragmented naturally or from forest management activities, such as clearcut logging.

Frost heave A land surface that is pushed up by the accumulation of ice in the underlying soil. Fry First-year fish. FSH Forest Service Handbook FSM Forest Service Manual

Fuelbreak An area manipulated for the common purpose of altering surface fuels, increasing the height to live tree crowns, and reducing crown densities to reduce the risk of crown fire.

Fuels Plants and woody vegetation, both living and dead, that are capable of burning.

Fuels management

The treatment of fuels that would otherwise interfere with effective fire management or control. For instance, prescribed fire can reduce the amount of fuels that accumulate on the forest floor before the fuels become so heavy that a natural wildfire in the area would be explosive and impossible to control.

Fuels reduction The reduction of flammable materials by prescribed fire, mechanical treatment, or other means to reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfires.

Fuel model A system for categorizing different types of wildland fuels for the purpose of predicting fire behavior.

Fuel treatment The rearrangement or disposal of natural or activity fuels to reduce the fire hazard. Fuelwood Wood cut into short lengths for burning.

Function All the processes within an ecosystem through which the elements interact, such as succession, the food chain, fire, weather, and the hydrologic cycle.

Future Old Growth Areas on national forests that have been allocated to old-growth restoration through land management decisions.

FWS U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service FY Fiscal Year

Game species Any species of wildlife or fish for which seasons and bag limits have been prescribed under state or federal laws, codes, and regulations, and that are normally harvested by hunting, trapping, and fishing.

Geology The study of the planet Earth. It is concerned with the origin of the planet, the material and morphology of the Earth, and its history and the processes that acted (and act) upon it to affect its historic and present forms.

Geomorphic processes

Processes that change the form of the earth, such as volcanic activity, running water, and glacial action.

Geomorphology The science that deals with the relief features of the earth’s surface. GIS (geographic information systems)

GIS is both a database designed to handle geographic data as well as a set of computer operations that can be used to analyze the data. In a sense, GIS can be thought of as a higher order map.



TERM DEFINITION

Goal

A concise statement that describes a desired condition to be achieved sometime in the future. It is normally expressed in broad, general terms and is timeless in that it has no specific date by which it is to be completed. Goal statements form the principal basis from which objectives are developed.

Ground fire A fire that burns the organic material in the upper soil layer. Ground water The supply of fresh water under the earth’s surface in an aquifer or in the soil.

Group selection A method of tree harvest in which trees are removed periodically in small groups. This silvicultural treatment results in small openings that form mosaics of age class groups in the forest.

Guilds A group of organisms that share a common food resource; an association of similar species with traits related to a particular ecological niche..

Habitat The physical and biological environment for a plant or animal in which all the essentials for its development, existence, and reproduction are present.

Habitat capability The ability of a land area or plant community to support a given species of wildlife.

Habitat stronghold

Refugia watersheds are those that contain high quality habitat with depressed or weak populations. The habitat in these areas has a high to very high potential to support the species. The population level in these areas is not considered to be a function of habitat, but other factors.

Habitat type A way to classify land area. A habitat type can support certain climax vegetation, both tree and undergrowth species. The habitat type can indicate the biological potential of a site.

Habitat Type Group

An aggregation of habitat types with similar interpretative properties. The habitat type groups used in the EA are from Biophysical Classifications, Habitat Type Groups and Descriptons, Northern Region US Forest Service, March 1995, Updated March 1996, Nez Perce National Forest adaptations May 1996.

Healthy Forests Restoration Act

The Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 is a law enacted by Congress to improve the capacity of the Forest Service and BLM to conduct hazardous fuels reduction projects on National Forest System lands and BLM lnads aimed at protecting communities, watersheds, and cetain other at-risk lands from catastrophic wildfire, to enhance efforts to protect watersheds and address threats to forest and rangeland health, including catastrophic wildfire, across the landscape, and for other purposes.

Heritage Resources Prehistoric, historic, and Native American cultural resources.

HFRA Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003

Hiding cover Vegetation capable of hiding 90 percent of an adult elk or deer from human view at a distance of 200 feet or less.

High fire severity See “Fire severity ratings” Historic range of variability See “Range of variability”

Historic stronghold Watersheds with a high-very high habitat potential where the fish populations are weak and the habitat has been degraded.

Homesite Important and comparatively small area where wolves reproduce and rear young. Homesites consist of natural and secondary den sites, a series of rendezvous sites, and surrounding areas generally occupied between April and October. Re-use of established home sites over several years indicate the value of these areas for reproduction.

HUC Hydrologic Unit Code



TERM DEFINITION Human Environment

The factors that include, but are not limited to biological, physical, social, economic, cultural, and aesthetic factors that interrelate to form the environment.

Hydrologic Unit Hierarchical units for designating combinations of watersheds.

Hydrology The science dealing with the study of water on the surface of the land, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere.

ICDC Idaho Conservation Data Center ICRB Interior Columbia River Basin Science Assessment ID or IDT Interdisciplinary or Interdisciplinary Team IDEQ Idaho Department of Environmental Quality IDFG Idaho Department of Fish and Game Impact See “Effects” Impact zones Areas designated under the Clean Air Act as being below air quality standards. IMPLAN Pro An economic input / output model.

Indicator Species A species of animal or plant whose presence is a fairly certain indication of a particular set of environmental conditions. Indicator species serve to show the effects of development actions on the environment.

Indigenous Species

A species that originally inhabited a particular National Forest or National Grassland (see definition of exotic).

Indirect Effects

Indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, but are still reasonably foreseeable. Indirect effects may include growth-inducing effects and other effects related to induced changes in the pattern of land use, population density or growth rate, and related effects on air and water and other natural systems, including ecosystems.

Instream flow The quantity of water necessary to meet seasonal stream flow requirements to accomplish the purposes of the National Forests, including, but not limited to fisheries, visual quality, and recreational opportunities.

Integrated pest management

A process for selecting strategies to regulate forest pests in which all aspects of a pest-host system are studied and weighed. The information considered in selecting appropriate strategies includes the impact of the unregulated pest population on various resources values, alternative regulatory tactics and strategies, and benefit/cost estimates for these alternative strategies. Regulatory strategies are based on sound silvicultural practices and ecology of the pest-host system and consist of a combination of tactics such as timber stand improvement plus selective use of pesticides. A basic principle in the choice of strategy is that it be ecologically compatible or acceptable.

Interdisciplinary team

A team of individuals with skills from different disciplines that focuses on the same task or project.

Intermittent stream A stream that flows only at certain times of the year when it receives water from streams or from some surface source, such as melting snow.

Introgression Infiltration of the genes of one species into the gene pool of another through repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parents.

Invasive Plant An alien plant species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.

Inventoried Roadless Area (IRA)

Unroaded areas typically 5000 acres or more that meet criteria for wilderness consideration under the Wilderness Act and that were inventoried during the Forest Service’s Roadless Area and Review and Evaluation (RARE II) process, subsequent assessments, or forest planning.



TERM DEFINITION Invertebrate An animal lacking a spinal column.

Inversion Atmospheric condition where normal properties of air layers are reversed (warm air traps cooler air underneath preventing it from rising).

IRA Inventoried Roadless Area

Irretrievable One of the categories of impacts mentioned in the National Environmental Policy Act to be included in statements of environmental impacts. An irretrievable effect applies to losses of production or commitment of renewable natural resources.

Irretrievable Effect An irretrievable effect is one that is sustained for a certain period of time but is reversible.

Irreversible

A category of impacts mentioned in statements of environmental impacts that applies to nonrenewable resources, such as minerals and archaeological sites. Irreversible effects can also refer to effects of actions that can be renewed only after a very long period of time, such as the loss of soil productivity.

Irreversible Effects An irreversible effect is one that cannot be reversed. Issue Potentially significant impact areas or areas of controversy

ITA Integrated Theme Area (from Red River EAWS)

Juvenile rearing Habitat used by young fish for feeding and growth. km kilometer

Ladder fuels Vegetation located below the crown level of forest trees that can carry fire from the forest floor to tree crowns. Ladder fuels may be low growing tree branches, shrubs, or smaller trees.

Landing Any place where cut timber is assembled for further transport form the timber sale area. Landscape Any place where cut timber is assembled for further transport from the timber sale area.

Late Seral (successional) Stage

The stage of forest development during which the age of trees is usually greater than 80 years depending on the composition of tree species. Small gaps become more common as some trees die allowing full sunlight to reach the mid- and under stories. This stage contains the largest trees within a forest and provides the highest capability for large snags, large live cavities, and den tree production. The presence of large, downed, woody material is highest during this period. Old-growth forests occur during the later periods of the seral stage.

LAU Lynx Analysis Unit LCAS Lynx Conservation and Assessment Strategy

Litter (forest litter) The freshly fallen or only slightly decomposed plant material on the forest floor. This layer in includes foliage, bark fragments, twigs, flowers, and fruit.

Logging slash The residue left on the ground after timber cutting. It includes unutilized logs, uprooted stumps, broken branches, bark, and leaves. Certain amounts of slash provide important ecosystem roles, such as soil protection, nutrient cycling, and wildlife habitat.

Low fire severity See “Fire severity ratings” LTA Landtype Association LRMP Land & Resource Management Plan M Thousand. Five thousand board feet of timber can be expressed as 5M board feet. Management action Any activity undertaken as part of the administration of the National Forest.



TERM DEFINITION

Management Area

An aggregation of capability areas that have common management direction under the Forest Plan and may be noncontiguous in the Forest. Consists of a grouping of capability areas selected through evaluation procedures and used to locate decisions and resolve issues and concerns.

Management Direction

A statement of multiple-use and other goals and objectives, the associated management practices identified by the Forest Service in the planning process.

Management Indicator Species (MIS)

Species identified in a planning process that are used to monitor the effects of planned management activities on viable populations of wildlife and fish, including those that are socially or economically important. Mitigation Includes: (a) Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action. (b) Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree of magnitude of the action and its implementation. (c) Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment. (d) Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action. (e) Compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments.

Management practice A specific activity, measure, course of action, or treatment.

Mass movement/wasting

The down-slope movement of large masses of earth material by the force of gravity. Also called a landslide.

Matrix The least fragmented, most continuous pattern element of a landscape; the vegetation type that is most continuous over a landscape.

Mature timber Trees that have attained full development, especially height, and are in full seed production.

MBF Thousand Board Feet MCF thousand cubic feet Mechanical treatment

Vegetative treatment using equipment, such as tractors, excavators, and helicopters. Used to distinguish from vegetative treatment using prescribed burning only.

Mesic Pertaining to or adapted to an area that has a balanced supply of water; neither wet nor dry, relatively moist.

Metapopulation A collection of localized populations that are generally distinct, yet are genetically interconnected through movement of individuals among populations.

Microclimate The climate of a small site. It may differ from the climate at large of the area due to aspect, tree cover (or the absence of tree cover), or exposure to winds.

Mid seral (successional) stage

The stage of forest development during which distinct over story, mid story, and under story canopies are present. The age of trees range from about 20 years to about 90 years depending on the composition of tree species. The trees are usually greater than 10 inches in dbh. This stage provides capability for hard mast production, large standing snags, and live cavities. During this period, tree species reach economic maturity.

Migratory Describes the life history pattern in which fish spawn and spend their early rearing years in specific tributaries, but migrate to larger rivers, lakes or reservoirs as adults during their non-spawning time.

Migratory habitat Habitat used during the migratory stage of a species.

Mineral soil Soil that consists mainly of inorganic material, such as weathered rock, rather than organic matter.



TERM DEFINITION MIS Management Indicator Species Mission (of the USDA Forest Service)

“To Care for the Land and Serve the People.” As set forth in law, the mission is to achieve quality land management under the sustainable multiple-use management concept to meet the diverse needs of people.

Mitigation Actions taken to avoid, minimize, or rectify the impact of a land management practice. MM Million MMBF Million Board Feet MOA Memorandum of Agreement Moderate fire severity See “Fire severity ratings”

Modification

Fundamental change to the provisions of a lease stipulation, either temporarily or for the term of the lease. Therefore, a modification may include an exemption from or alteration to a stipulated requirement. Depending on the specific modification, the stipulation may or may not apply to all other sites within the leasehold to which the restrictive criteria apply.

Monitoring To watch, observe, or check, especially for a specific purpose, such as to keep track of, regulate, or control (Webster's dictionary).

Monitoring and evaluation

The periodic evaluation of forest management activities to determine how well objectives were met and how management practices should be adjusted.

Montane Relating to the zone of relatively moist, cool, upland slopes characterized by the presence of large evergreen trees as a dominant life form.

Mortality Trees that were merchantable and have died within a specified period of time. The term mortality can also refer to the rate of death of a species in a given population or community.

Mosaic Areas with a variety of plant communities over a landscape, such as areas with trees and areas without trees occurring over a landscape.

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

Mountain pine beetle

A tiny black insect, ranging from 1/8 to ¾ inch in size, which bores through a pine tree’s bark. It stops the tree’s intake and transport of the food and nutrients it must have to stay alive, thus killing the tree.

Multiple Use (MU)

The management of all the various renewable surface resources of the National Forest System so that they are utilized in the combination that will best meet the needs of the American people, by making the most judicious use of the land for some or all of these resources or related services over areas large enough to provide sufficient latitude for periodic adjustments in use to conform to changing needs and conditions, and recognizing that some lands will be used for less than all of the resources. It also provides for harmonious and coordinated management of the various resources, each with the other, without impairment of the productivity of the land, with consideration being given to the relative values of the various resources, and not necessarily the combination of uses that will give the greatest dollar return or the greatest unit output.

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA)

An act which encourages productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environments; promotes efforts to prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man; enriches the understanding of the ecological systems and natural resources important to the Nation; and establishes a Council on Environmental Quality.



TERM DEFINITION National Forest Management Act (NFMA)

A law passed in 1976 as amendments to the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act that requires the preparation of Regional and Forest plans and the preparation of regulations to guide that development.

National Forest System (NFS)

All National Forest System lands reserved or withdrawn from the public domain of the United States; all National Forest System lands acquired through purchase, exchange, donation, or other means, and other lands, waters, or interests therein which are administered by the Forest Service or are designated for administration through the Forest Service as a part of the system (16 U.S.C. 1609).

National Forest System Road (NFSR)

A Forest road under jurisdiction of the Forest Service.

National Park Service (NPS)

The agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior responsible for the administration of national Parks, Monuments, and Historic Sites. It is distinct form the U.S.D.A. Forest Service both administratively and by mission.

National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)

A listing of architectural, historical, archaeological, and cultural sites of local, state, or national significance, established by the Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and maintained by the National Park Service.

Native Species All animal and plant species originally occurring in the area. Natural disturbance See disturbance.

Natural Integrity

Roadless area characteristic defined as the extent to which long-term ecological processes are intact and operating. Impacts to natural integrity are measured by the presence and magnitude of human-induced change to an area. This change includes physical developments as well as activity in the area.

Natural range of variability See range of variability.

Natural resource A feature of the natural environment that is of value in serving human needs. NCP National Contingency Plan NEPA National Environmental Policy Act New Road Construction

Investment in construction of a road to provide access that adds new miles of road to the transportation system.

NEZSED Nez Perce National Forest Sediment Yield Model

NFLRMP National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan – also called the Forest Plan or just the Plan, this document guides the management of a particular National Forest and establishes management standards and guidelines for all lands of that National Forest.

NFMA National Forest Management Act – this law was passed in 1976 and requires the preparation of Regional Guides and Forest Plans.

NFMP National Forest Management Plan NFRS National Forest recreation sites that have been inventoried. NFS National Forest System NFSPUFF Long Range Transport and Dispersion Model NFSR National Forest System Road NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NNL National Natural Landmark



TERM DEFINITION

No Action Alternative

The management direction, activities, outputs, and effects that are likely to exist in the future if the current trends and management would continue unchanged. Under NEPA, it means following the current approved Forest Plan management direction and guidance.

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOI Notice of Intent Nongame Wildlife species that are not hunted for sport.

Northern Region The portion of the USDA Forest Service, also referred to as Region One, which includes National Forests in North/Central Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Northwestern South Dakota.

Notice of intent A notice in the Federal Register of intent to prepare an environmental impact statement on a proposed action.

Noxious Weed According to the Federal Noxious Weed Act (PL 93-629), a weed that causes disease or has other adverse effects on man or his environment and therefore is detrimental to the agriculture and commerce of the United States and to the public health.

NPNF Nez Perce National Forest NPT Nez Perce Tribe NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places NRMRR Northern Rocky Mountain Recovery Region NWPS National Wilderness Preservation System

Objective A concise time-specific statement of measurable planned results that respond to pre-established goals. An objective forms the basis for further planning, to defining the precise steps to be taken and the resources to be used in achieving identified goals.

Off Highway Vehicle Any motorized vehicle designed for and/or capable of travel off roads.

OHV Off-highway vehicle

Old growth Old forests often containing several canopy layers, variety in trees sizes and species, decadent old trees, and standing and dead woody material.

Old Growth Forests

An ecosystem distinguished by old trees and related structural attributes. Old growth encompasses the later stages in a variety of characteristics including tree size, accumulation of large dead woody material, number of canopy layers, species composition, and ecosystem function. Old growth is not necessarily virgin or primeval. It can develop over time following human disturbances, just as it does following natural disturbances. Old growth encompasses both older forests dominated by early seral species and forests in later successional stages dominated by shade tolerant species.

ORV Off-road vehicles, such as motorcycles, 4-wheel drive vehicles, and 4-wheelers ORV Outstanding Resource Value Overstory The upper canopy layer; the plants below comprise the understory.

Ozone

Ozone, the major constituent of smog, is formed through a complex series of chemical reactions and transformations in the presence of sunlight. Ozone is a strong irritant, which attacks the respiratory system, leading to lung tissue damage. Ozone also affects materials such as surface coatings, fabrics, and rubber.

PACFISH Pacific Anadromous Fish Strategy Parent materials The mineral or organic matter from which the upper layers of soil are formed.



TERM DEFINITION

Partial retention A visual quality objective, which, in general, means man’s activities, may be evident but must remain subordinate to the characteristic landscape.

Particulates Small particles suspended in the air and generally considered pollutants. Patch An area of homogeneous vegetation, in structure and composition. Perennial Stream A stream that flows continuously year round. Personal use The use of a forest product, such as firewood, for home use and not for commercial use. PFA post-fledgling family area PILT payments in lieu of taxes PL Public Law Planning area The area of the National Forest System covered by a regional guide or forest plan.

Plant Community A group of individual plants of one or more species growing in a specific area in association with one another and with a complex of other plants and animals.

PM Particulate Matter PNV See present net value.

Pole/sapling The stage of forest succession in which trees are between 3 and 7 inches in diameter and are the dominant vegetation.

Policy A guiding principle upon which is based a specific decision or set of decisions.

Population A group of individuals with common ancestry that are much more likely to mate with one another than with individuals from another such group.

Population resilience

Ability of a population to recover following a catastrophic event resulting in loss of individuals.

Population resistance Ability of a population to resist adverse changes or extirpation.

Population stronghold

Watersheds that contain strong fish populations with a high to very high habitat potential where the aquatic habitat that has been degraded.

ppm part per million Precommercial thinning

Removing some of the trees from a stand that are too small to be sold for lumber or house logs, so the remaining trees will grow faster.

Predator An animal the lives by preying on other animals. Predators are at or near the tops of food chains.

Prescribed burning See “Prescribed fire”

Prescribed fire

Fire set intentionally in wildland fuels under prescribed conditions and circumstances, allowing the fire to be confined to a specific area while producing the amount of heat and fuel consumption required to achieve planned objectives. These objectives include fuel reduction, site preparation for regeneration, wildlife habitat management, and range improvement.

Prescription Management practices selected to accomplish specific land and resource management objectives.

Prescription watershed

Nez Perce National Forest term for watershed numbered at the 6th code scale; they are the smallest watersheds that are currently permanently delineated.



TERM DEFINITION

Present net value

PNV – also called present net worth – the measure of the economic value of a project when costs and revenues occur in different time periods. Future revenues and costs are “discounted” to the present by an interest rate that reflects the changing value of a dollar over time. The assumption is that dollars today are more valuable than dollars in the future. PNV is used to compare alternatives that have different cost and revenue flows.

Press disturbance

Disturbance (like sediment from roads or channel alteration from mining or grazing) that alters the long-term resilience of an ecosystem. Those described in this assessment are generally chronic, often widespread, and may exceed the capacity for recovery without assistance.

Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)

A classification established to preserve, protect, and enhance the air quality in National Wilderness Preservation System areas in existence prior to August 1977 and other areas of National significance, while ensuring economic growth can occur in a manner consistent with the preservation of existing clean air resources. Specific emission limitations and other measures, by class, are detailed in the Clean Air Act. (42 U.S.C. 1875 et seq.)

Primitive (P) Those recreation activities that occur in areas characterized by an essentially unmodified natural environment of fairly large size.

Productive The ability of an area to provide goods and services and to sustain ecological values.

Project Area Area of analysis for proposed leasing on Sioux Ranger District of the Custer National Forest.

Proposed Action In terms of National Environmental Policy Act, the project, activity, or action that a federal agency intends to implement or undertake and which is the subject of an environmental analysis.

PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality

psi pounds per square inch

Public domain The territory ceded to the Federal government by the original thirteen states, plus additions by treaty, cession, and purchase.

Public involvement The use of appropriate procedures to inform the public, obtain early and continuing public participating, and consider the views of interested parties in planning and decision making.

Public issue A subject or question of widespread public interest relating to management of the National Forest System.

Pulse disturbance Disturbance like most fires, floods, and some droughts that are within the range of natural disturbances to which an ecosystem is adapted, are temporary in time and often patchy in space, and natural recovery is usually possible without assistance.

Range Land on which the principle natural plant cover is composed of native grasses, forbs, and shrubs that are valuable as forage for livestock and big game.

Range of Alternatives

The NEPA requires the proposed action, a no action alternative, and a reasonable range of alternatives to the proposed action be addressed in an EIS.

Range of variability

Also called the historic range of variability or natural range of variation. The limits of change in composition, structure, and processes of the biological and physical components of an ecosystem resulting from natural variations in the frequency, magnitude, and patterns of natural disturbance and ecological processes characteristic to an area before European settlement. Estimates are made for a specified period of time and include the effects of pre-European settlement human activities.

Ranger District The administrative sub-unit of a National Forest that is supervised by a District ranger who reports directly to the Forest Supervisor.



TERM DEFINITION Raptor Birds of prey, such as owls, hawks, and eagles.

RARE II Roadless Area Review and Evaluation. The national inventory of roadless and undeveloped areas within the National Forests and Grasslands.

RD Ranger District

Reclamation Rehabilitation of a disturbed area to make it acceptable for designated uses. This normally involves regrading, replacement of topsoil, revegetation, and other work such as fertilization and fencing necessary to restore it for use.

Record of Decision (ROD)

A document separate from, but associated with, an environmental impact statement, that publicly and officially discloses the responsible official's decision on the proposed action.

Recreation Opportunities The combination of recreation settings, activities, and experiences provided by an area.

Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)

A system for planning and managing recreation resources that recognizes recreation activity opportunities, recreation settings, and recreation experiences along a spectrum or continuum of settings as follows: Primitive - Characterized by essentially unmodified natural environment of fairly large size. Interaction between users is very low and evidence of other users is minimal. The area is managed to be essentially free from evidence of human-induced restrictions and controls. Motorized use is not permitted. Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized - Characterized by predominately natural or natural appearing environment of a moderate to large size. Concentrations of users is low, but there is often evidence of other area users. The area is managed in such a way that minimum on-site controls and restrictions may be present, but are subtle. Motorized use is not permitted. Semi-Primitive Motorized - Characterized by a predominantly natural or natural appearing environment of moderate-to-large size. Concentration of users is low, but there is often evidence of other users. The area is managed in such a way that minimum on-site controls and restrictions may be present, but are subtle. Motorized use is permitted. Roaded Natural - Characterized by predominantly natural appearing environment with moderate evidence of the sights and sounds of man. Such evidences usually harmonize with the natural environment. Interaction between users may be low to moderate, but with the evidence of other users prevalent. Resource modification and utilization practices are evident, but harmonize with the natural environment. Motorized use is permitted. Rural - Characterized by substantially modified natural environment. Resource modification and utilization practices are to enhance specific recreation activities and to maintain vegetative cover and soil. Sights and sounds of humans are readily evident, and the interaction between users is often moderate to high. Facilities are often provided for special activities. Moderate densities are provided far away from developed sites. Urban - Characterized by a substantially urbanized environment, although the background may have natural appearing elements. Vegetative cover is often exotic and manicured. Sights and sounds of humans on-site are predominant.

Recreation Visitor Days (RVD)

One visitor day equals 12 hours of human use (one person for 12 hours, or 12 people for 1 hour, or any combination thereof).

Reforestation The restocking of an area with forest trees, by either natural or artificial means, such as planting.

Regeneration The renewal of a tree crop by either natural or artificial means. The term is also used to refer to the young crop itself.

Regional Forester The official of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service responsible for administering an entire region of the Forest Service.



TERM DEFINITION

Rehabilitation A short-term visual resource management objective used to restore landscapes containing undesirable visual or other resource impacts to the desired visual or other acceptable quality level.

Remoteness

A characteristic of an area defined as the perceived condition of being secluded, inaccessible, and "out of the way.” Topography, vegetative screening, distance from human impacts, distance from sights and sounds of man, and difficulty of travel all contribute to remoteness.

Removal cut The removal of the last seed bearers or shelter trees after regeneration is established.

Resident Fish that spend their entire life cycle usually in tributary or small headwater streams in which they were hatched.

Residual stand The trees remaining standing after an event such as selection cutting.

Resilience The ability of an ecosystem to maintain diversity, integrity, and ecological processes following a disturbance.

Responsible line officer

The Forest Service employee who has the authority to select and/or carry out a specific planning action.

Responsible official

The Forest Service employee who has been delegated the authority to carry out a specific planning action.

Restoration (of ecosystems)

Actions taken to modify an ecosystem to achieve a desired, healthy, and functioning condition.

Restore To bring back to a former or original condition or appearance.

Revegetation The reestablishment and development of self-sustaining plant cover. On disturbed sites, this normally requires human assistance such as seedbed preparation, reseeding, and mulching.

RFD Reasonably Foreseeable Development Scenario RHCA Riparian Habitat Conservation Area RIM Recreation Information Management

Riparian

Riparian areas consist of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, those lands in a position to directly influence water quality and water resources, whether or not free water is available. This would include all lands in the active flood channel and lands immediately upslope of stream banks. These areas may be associated with lakes, reservoirs, marshes, streams, bogs, wet meadows, and intermittent or permanent streams where free and unbound water is available.

Riparian area The area along a watercourse or around a lake or pond.

Riparian Areas Geographically delineable areas with distinctive resource values and characteristics that comprise the riparian ecosystems.

Riparian Ecosystem

a) Ecosystems transitional between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Also streams, lakes, wet areas, and adjacent vegetation communities and their associated soils that have free water at or near the surface. b) Those assemblages of plants, animals, and aquatic communities whose presence can either be directly or indirectly attributed to factors that are water influenced or related. c) Interacting system between aquatic and terrestrial situations, identified by soil characteristics and distinctive vegetation that requires or tolerates free or unbound water.

Riparian Zone

An area of vegetation adjacent to an aquatic ecosystem. It has a high water table, certain soil characteristics, and some vegetation that requires free (unbound chemically) water or conditions that are more moist than normal. This zone is transitional between aquatic and upland zones.

RMO Riparian Management Objective



TERM DEFINITION RMO Road Management Objective RN Roaded Natural

Road A motor vehicle travelway over 50 inches wide, unless designated and managed as a trail. A road may be classified, unclassified, or temporary.

Road Decommissioning

Activities that result in the stabilization and restoration of unneeded roads to a more natural state.

Roaded Natural

A recreation opportunity classification term for describing a land area that has predominately a natural appearing environment with moderate evidence of sights and sounds of humans. Concentration of users is moderate to low. Roads of better than primitive class are usually within 0.5 mile. A broad range of motorized and non-motorized activity opportunities is available. Management activities are present and harmonize with the natural environment.

Roadless Refers to the absence of roads that have been constructed and maintained by mechanical means to ensure regular and continuous use.

ROD Record of Decision ROS Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Rosgen Channel Types See Channel Types..

Rotation The number of years required to establish and grow timber crops to a specific condition of maturity.

RPA Resource Planning Act RR Red River Run-off The portion of precipitation that flows over the land surface or in open channels.

Sacred Site

Any specified, discrete, narrowly delineated location on federal land that is identified by an Indian tribe, or Indian individual determined to be an appropriately authoritative representative of an Indian religion, as sacred by virtue of its established religious significance to, or ceremonial use by, an Indian religion; provided that the tribe or an appropriately authoritative representative of an Indian religion has informed the agency of the existence of such a site.

Sapling A loose term for a young tree more than a few feet tall and an inch or so in diameter that is typically growing vigorously.

Scale In ecosystem management, it refers to the degree of resolution at which ecosystems are observed and measured.

Scoping/Scoping Process

An early and open public involvement process for determining the scope of issues to be addressed and for identifying the significant issues related to the proposed action. Identifying the significant environmental issues deserving of study and de-emphasizing insignificant issues, narrowing the scope of the Environmental Impact Statement accordingly. (Ref. CEQ Regulations, 40 CFR 1501.7.)

Sediment Solid mineral or organic material that is transported by air, water, gravity, or ice.

Seen area That portion of the landscape that can be viewed from one or more observer positions. The extent or area that can be viewed is normally limited by landform, vegetation, structures, or distance.

Semi-primitive

A recreation opportunity classification term for describing land areas that have very few management controls lying between 0.5 mile and 3 miles from the nearest point of motor vehicle access, excepting four-wheel drive roads and trails, with mostly natural landscapes and some evidence of other people.



TERM DEFINITION

Semi-Primitive Motorized (SPM)

A land area classified as semi-primitive that may have primitive roads present and where motorized use is permitted. Settings, activities, and opportunities are affected accordingly though there is still a moderate probability of experiencing isolation from sights and sounds of humans.

Semi-Primitive Non-Motorized (SPNM)

A land area classified as semi-primitive that has a natural environment and motorized use is not permitted. Non-motorized status increases the probability of experiencing isolation, independence, and closeness to nature. Challenge and risk are generally high. Resource management may be present; however, natural appearance is still maintained.

Sensitive Species

Those plant or animal species that are susceptible or vulnerable to activity impacts or habitat alterations and will be managed similar to threatened or endangered species. The Forest Service policy is to ensure that species would not be affected in such a manner as to have them listed or proposed for listing as threatened or endangered.

Sensitivity Levels

A measure of people’s concern for the scenic quality of an area. Three levels are used to identify the users concern for the visual environment. Level 1 – Highest Sensitivity, Level 2 – Average Sensitivity, Level 3 – Lowest Sensitivity. Travel routes, use areas and water bodies are identified as being of either primary or secondary importance.

Seral The stage of succession of a plant or animal community that is transitional. If left alone, the seral stage will give way to another plant or animal community that represents a further stage of succession.

SFLA South Fork Clearwater River Landscape Assessment

Shelterwood A cutting method used in a more or less mature stand, designed to establish a new crop under the protection of the old.

SHPO State Historic Preservation Office

Significant Impact/Effect

An impact or effect is significant when it is projected to meet or exceed threshold standards, while considering how substantial the impact or effect is, considering its context and intensity.

SIL Scenic Integrity Levels

Silviculture The art science that promotes the growth of single trees and the forest as a biological unit.

SIS Site Identification Strategy for the Clearwater and Nez Perce National Forests.

Size class One of the three intervals of three stem diameters used to classify timber in the Forest Plan database. The size classes are: Seedling/Sapling (less than 5 inches in diameter); Pole timber (5 to 7 inches in diameter); Saw timber (greater than 7 inches in diameter).

Skidding Hauling logs by sliding, not on wheels, from stump to a collection point.

Skyline logging A logging system used to remove timber from steep slopes. Logs are brought up-slope on a suspended cable, or skyline. Since the weight of the log is completely or partially supported by the cable, there is little disturbance to soil or other vegetation.

Slash The residue left on the ground after timber cutting or left after a storm, fire, or other event. Slash includes logs, uprooted stumps, broken or uprooted stems, branches, bark, etc.

Slope

The amount or degree of deviation from the horizontal or vertical. Concerning visual or scenic resources, as slope increases, views into a site and the size of the disturbance increase. Generally, the steeper slopes are more visible due to their location in the landscape.

Slump A landslide where the underlying rock masses tilt back as they slide from a cliff or escarpment.



TERM DEFINITION

Snag A standing dead tree. Snags are important as habitat for a variety of wildlife species and their prey.

Soil compaction The reduction of soil volume. For instance, the weight of heavy equipment on soils can compact the soil and thereby change it in some ways, such as in its ability to absorb water.

Soil productivity The capacity of a soil to produce a specific crop. Productivity depends on adequate moisture and soil nutrients, as well as favorable climate.

Solitude

A personal, subjective value and roadless area characteristic defined as isolation from the sights, sounds, presence of others, and the developments of man. A primitive recreation experience includes the opportunity to experience solitude, a sense of remoteness, closeness to nature, serenity, and spirit of adventure.

Special features

Unique geological, biological, ecological, cultural, or scenic features located in a roadless area. Unique fish and animal species, unique plants or plant communities, potential Research Natural Areas, outstanding landscape features such as unique rock formations, and significant cultural resource sites are some of the items that should be considered when analyzing this element.

Stand A group of trees that occupies a specific area and is similar in species, age, and condition.

Standards and guidelines

Requirements found in a forest plan which impose limits on natural resource management activities, generally for environmental protection.

Stewardship Caring for the land and its resources to pass healthy ecosystems to future generations.

Stocking level The number of trees in an area as compared to the desirable number of trees for best results, such as maximum wood production.

Stream order

A numbering system used to classify streams by their position relative to other streams. The Strahler system is the most commonly used. First order streams are the smallest unbranched tributaries. Second order streams are formed at the confluence of two first order streams. Third order streams are formed at the confluence of two second order streams. This pattern continues downstream until a stream enters an ocean or other sink. [Adapted from: American Geological Institute. 1962. Dictionary of Geological Terms.]

Stringer A strip of vegetation different form surrounding vegetation, such as a stringer of aspen in an area of spruce.

Stronghold Stronghold watersheds are those that contain both high quality (good condition) habitat and strong fish populations. The habitat in these areas has high-very high habitat potential to support the species.

Structure How the parts of ecosystems are arranged, both horizontally and vertically. Structure might reveal a patter, or mosaic, or total randomness of vegetation.

Subadult/adult rearing Habitat used by young and adult fish for feeding and growth.

Substrate Organic or inorganic materials composing a stream or lake bottom; usually considered up to bankfull stage.

Succession The natural replacement, in time, of one plant community with another. Conditions of the prior plant community (or successional stage) create conditions that are favorable for the establishment of the next stage.

Successional stage

A stage of development of a plant community as it transitions from bare ground to climax. The grass-form stage of succession precedes the woody shrub stage.



TERM DEFINITION

Suitability The appropriateness of certain resource management to an area of land. Suitability can be determined by environmental and economic analysis of management practices.

SUP Special Use Permit

Surface fire A fire that burns only surface fuels such as litter, other loose debris on the soil surface, and the smaller plants.

Sustainability The ability of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes and functions, biological diversity, and productivity over time.

Sustainable The yield of a natural resource that can be produced continually at a given intensity of management is said to be sustainable.

Sustained yield The yield that a renewable resource can produce continuously at a given intensity of management.

Sustained-yield of products and services

The achievement and maintenance in perpetuity of a high-level annual or regular periodic output of the various renewable resources of the National Forest System without impairment of the productivity of the land.

Sympatric Distinct species, taxa or life-history forms occupying the same or overlapping geographic areas without interbreeding.

Target

A National Forest’s annual goals for accomplishment for natural resource programs. Targets represent the commitment the Forest Service has with Congress to accomplish the work Congress has funded, and are often used as a measure of the agency’s performance.

TDS Total Dissolved Solids

Temporary road Roads authorized by contract, permit, lease, other written authorization, or emergency operation, not intended to be part of the forest transportation system and not necessary for long-term resource management.

Terrestrial Living or growing in or on the land. TES Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive (Species) Texture Detail of landscape that varies with distance.

Thinning A cutting made in an immature stand of trees to accelerate growth of the remaining trees or to improve the form of the remaining trees.

Threatened Species

Any species likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range, and that has been designated in the Federal Register by the Secretary of the Interior as a threatened species.

Tiering

Refers to the elimination of repetitive discussions of the same issue by incorporating by reference the general discussion in an environmental impact statement of broader scope. For example, a project environmental assessment could be tiered to the Forest Plan EIS.

Timber production

The purposeful growing, tending, harvesting, and regeneration of regulated crops of trees to be cut into logs, bolts, or other round sections for industrial or consumer use. For purposes of this subpart, the term "timber production" does not include production of fuelwood.

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load TOC Threshold of Concern tpy ton per year

Tractor logging A logging method that uses tractors to carry or drag lots from the stump to a collection point.



TERM DEFINITION

Trail class

Forest Service standard for scale of trail development, representing the intended design and management. Trail class is defined in terms of tread and traffic flow, obstacles, constructed features and trail elements, signs, typical recreation environment and experience.

Transitory range Areas suitable for grazing after a disturbance removes or reduces forest canopy. Transitory range is available only until regrowth of the forest occurs.

Treatment area The site specific location of a resource improvement activity. Tributary A stream or river flowing into a lake or larger stream or river.

TSI Timber Stand Improvement – Actions to improve growing conditions for trees in a stand, such as thinning, pruning, prescribed fire, or release cutting.

Unclassified Road

Roads on National Forest System lands that are not managed as part of the forest transportation system, such as unplanned roads, abandoned travel-ways, and off-road vehicle tracks that have not been designated and managed as a trail; and those roads that were once under permit or other authorization and were not decommissioned upon termination of the authorization.

Underburn A light broadcast burn under an existing forest canopy. A fire prescribed to reduce fuels without damaging existing trees.

Understory The trees and other woody species that grow under a more or less continuous cover of branches and foliage formed collectively by the upper portion of adjacent trees and other woody growth.

Uneven-aged A stand of trees in which the individual trees originated over a long period of time and, thus, differ widely in age; a regeneration system designed to produce such a stand.

Unroaded See roadless USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USDI U.S. Department of Interior USFWS U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey Vegetation management

Activities designed primarily to promote the health of forest vegetation for multiple-use purposes.

Vegetation Response Unit

Ecological land units that have unique patterns of habitat types groups (potential vegetation), terrain, and historic fire regimes.

Vegetation type A plant community with distinguishable characteristics. Viability The likelihood of continued existence in an area for some specified period of time.

Viable population The number of individuals of a species sufficient to ensure the long-term existence of the species in natural, self-sustaining populations that are adequately distributed throughout their range.

Viewshed A total landscape as seen from a particular viewpoint. Visual (or Scenic) Resource

The composite of basic terrain, geologic features, water features, vegetative patterns, and land use effects that typify a land unit and influence the visual appeal of the unit.

Visual Management System

A management system that establishes the "visual landscape" as a basic resource, treated as an essential part of the land. The visual mgt system provides a framework to inventory the visual resource and provides measurable standards for its management.

Deleted: -



TERM DEFINITION

Visual Quality Objectives (VQO)

A classification based upon variety class, sensitivity level, and distance zone determinations. Each objective describes a different level of acceptable alteration based on aesthetic importance. The degree of alteration is based on contrast with the surrounding landscape. The VQOs are: Preservation: In general, human activities are not detectable to the visitor. Retention: Human activities are not evident to the casual Forest visitor. Partial Retention: Human activities may be evident, but must remain subordinate to the characteristic landscape. Modification: Human activity may dominate the characteristic landscape, but must, at the same time, use naturally established form, line, color, and texture. It should appear as a natural occurrence when viewed in middle ground or background. Maximum Modification: Human activity may dominate the characteristic landscape, but should appear as a natural occurrence when viewed as background.

Visual resource A part of the landscape important for its scenic quality. It may include a composite of terrain, geologic features, or vegetation.

VMS Visual Management System VQO Visual Quality Objective VRM Visual Resource Management VRU Vegetation Response Unit Water table The upper surface of groundwater. Below it, the soil is saturated with water. Water yield The runoff from a watershed, including groundwater outflow.

Watershed The entire region drained by a waterway (or into a lake or reservoir. More specifically, a watershed is an area of land above a given point on a stream that contributes water to the streamflow at that point.

Weed Any plant growing where it is not wanted. Wetlands Areas that are permanently wet or are intermittently covered with water.

Wilderness

An area of undeveloped federal land designated Wilderness by Congress, retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent improvements or human habitation, protected and managed to preserve its natural conditions and that (1) generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature with the imprint of man's work substantially unnoticeable, (2) has outstanding opportunities for solitude or primitive and unconfined recreation, (3) has at least 5,000 acres or is of sufficient size to make practical its preservation and use in an unimpaired condition, and (4) also may contain features that are of ecological, geological, scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value. These characteristics were identified by Congress in the Wilderness Act of 1964.

Wildfire Any wildland fire that is not a prescribed fire.



TERM DEFINITION

Wildland urban interface (WUI)

An area within or adjacent to an at-risk community identified in recommendations to the Secretary of Agriculture in a community wildfire protection plan; or in the case of any area for which a community wildfire protection plan is not in effect:

An area extending ½-mile from the boundary of an at-risk community; An area with 1½ miles from the boundary of an at risk community, including land

that- 1. Has a sustained steep slope that creates the potential for wildfire behavior endangering the at-risk community; 2. Has a geographic feature that aids in creating an effective firebreak, such as a road or ridgetop; Or 3. In in Condition Class 3, as documented by the Secretary in the project-specific environmental analysis; and

An area that is adjacent to an evacuation route for an at-risk community that the Secretary determines, in cooperation with the at-risk community, requires hazardous fuel reduction to provide safer evacuation from the at-risk community.

Wildlife Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates. Windthrow Trees uprooted by wind.

Woodlands An open stand of trees with crowns not usually touching (generally forming a 25 to 60 percent cover).

WUI See “Wildland urban interface” Xeric Relatively dry. XN Experimental Non-essential

Yarding Moving the cut trees form where they fell to a centralized place (landing) for hauling away from the stand.

YUM Yarding of unmerchantable material ZOI Zone of Influence – the area influenced by Forest Service management activities.





Appendix C – Road Management Objectives Page C-1

APPENDIX C ROAD MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

This appendix displays information relevant to Road Management Objectives, specific to the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project, and related to the Transportation System analysis in Chapter 3.

ABBREVIATIONS Maintenance Levels: 1 - Basic Custodial Care (Closed) 2 - High Clearance Vehicles 3 - Suitable for Passenger Cars 4 - Moderate Degree of User Comfort 5 - High Degree of User Comfort NA - Not Applicable (non-Forest Service or previously decommissioned) Jurisdiction: FS - Forest Service S - State C - County P - Private Traffic Service Level: A - Free flowing mixed traffic B - Congested during heavy traffic C - Flow interrupted – use limited D - Slow flow or may be blocked Access Prescriptions: Access Prescription Dates Restrictions

Open Yearlong No restrictions C2-A 9/15 – 6/15 Restricts all motorized vehicles. C-4 9/15 – 6/15 Restricts highway vehicles. W-2 12/1 – 6/15 Restricts all motorized vehicles. W-4 12/1 – 6/15 Restricts highway vehicles. Y-2 Yearlong Restricts all motorized vehicles. Y-3 Yearlong Restricts all motorized vehicles except snowmobiles. Y-4 Yearlong Restricts highway vehicles. B Obliterated NA



Road Management Objectives for the Blacktail Fuels Reduction Project Area

The following tables display road management objectives for roads in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area for the exieach of the action alternatives considered.

Table C-1. Road Management Objectives for Roads in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction Project Area �Existing Condit

Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost

Segment Length (miles)

Maintenance Level Surface Type Jurisdiction Traffic Service

Level Access

Prescription

1100 0.00 0.22 0.22 5 Asphalt FS C Open

1104 0.05 0.40 0.35 3 Aggregate FS D Open

1104 0.40 2.60 2.20 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1104 2.60 3.70 1.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

1104A 0.00 3.20 3.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

1104B 0.00 2.30 2.30 1 Native FS D Y-2

1104C 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

1106 0.00 9.19 9.19 3 Aggregate FS C Open

1106 9.19 9.72 0.53 2 Aggregate FS C W-4

1106B 0.00 1.75 1.75 1 Native FS D Y-4

1106B1 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

1106C 0.00 3.80 3.80 1 Native FS D Y-2

1106D 0.00 0.60 0.60 2 Native FS D Y-2

1106N 0.00 0.69 0.69 NA Native FS D W-2 A

1106N1 0.00 0.10 0.10 NA Native FS D C-4 A

1106N1 0.10 0.60 0.50 NA Native P D C-4 P

1106O 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-4

1108 0.00 0.06 0.06 5 Asphalt FS D Open

1120 0.00 2.90 2.90 1 Native FS D Y-4

1160A 1.04 1.14 0.10 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1160A 1.14 1.70 0.56 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160A1 0.00 0.13 0.13 1 Native FS D Y-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost



Level Access

Prescription

1160A2 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160A3 0.00 0.97 0.97 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1160C 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160E 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D Y-2

13 9.99 11.04 1.05 5 Asphalt S A Open S

14 0.00 16.87 16.87 5 Asphalt S A Open Sa

244 0.00 1.82 1.82 5 Asphalt C C Open C


244A 0.00 1.50 1.50 1 Native FS D Y-4

244D 0.00 2.64 2.64 1 Native FS D Y-4

244J 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D Y-2

244O 0.00 1.60 1.60 1 Native FS D Y-2 Pa

284 7.44 7.80 0.36 5 Aggregate C C Open C


284B 0.21 0.40 0.19 2 Native P D Open

284B 0.40 0.70 0.30 2 Native FS D Open

284B 0.70 1.00 0.30 2 Native P D Open

284B 1.00 1.24 0.24 2 Native FS D Open

284D 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

284E 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

284F 0.00 1.40 1.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

284F 1.40 1.41 0.01 NA Native P D Y-2 P



337 2.80 4.30 1.50 3 Aggregate FS D Y-4

Pa

337A 0.00 1.00 1.00 2 Native FS D Y-4


451 1.30 8.30 7.00 2 Aggregate FS C W-2

451 8.30 14.00 5.70 2 Native FS C W-2

Pa



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost



Level Access

Prescription

451 12.47 14.00 1.53 2 Native FS C W-2

451A 0.00 6.50 6.50 2 Native FS D W-2

451B 0.00 1.10 1.10 2 Native FS D W-2

451D 0.00 0.80 0.80 2 Native FS D W-2

451E 0.00 0.30 0.30 2 Native FS D W-2

451F 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

451F1 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 Native FS D W-2

451F2 0.00 0.05 0.05 1 Native FS D W-2

451H 0.00 0.70 0.70 2 Native FS D W-2

451J 0.00 0.20 0.20 2 Native FS D W-2

465 0.00 0.52 0.52 2 Native FS D W-2

465A 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D W-2

475 0.22 4.00 3.78 2 Native FS D W-2

475A 0.00 1.30 1.30 2 Native FS D W-2

475A1 0.00 0.40 0.40 NA Native P D W-2 P

475B 0.00 0.60 0.60 NA Native P D W-2 P

475B 0.60 0.80 0.20 NA Native FS D W-2 P

475B 0.80 1.00 0.20 NA Native P D W-2 P

475B 1.00 1.10 0.10 NA Native FS D W-2 P

475B 1.10 1.30 0.20 NA Native P D W-2 P

475C 0.00 0.15 0.15 NA Native P D W-2 P

475C 0.15 0.45 0.30 NA Native FS D W-2 P

475C 0.45 1.25 0.80 NA Native P D W-2 P

546 0.00 0.15 0.15 5 Asphalt FS A Open

546A 0.00 0.07 0.07 5 Asphalt FS A Open

546A 0.07 0.09 0.02 3 Aggregate FS A Open

76581 0.00 0.37 0.37 1 Native FS D Y-2

76581A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76582 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D Y-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost



Level Access

Prescription

76583 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76591 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76597 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76598 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D Y-2

76599 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76600 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76656 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76656A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76657 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76658 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76658A 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76658B 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76742 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A1 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A2 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D W-2

76742B 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76743 0.00 1.50 1.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A 0.00 2.10 2.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A1 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A2 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A3 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76743B 0.00 1.40 1.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76743B1 0.00 1.30 1.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76743C 0.00 1.10 1.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76743D 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76743E 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76744 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76755 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D Y-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost



Level Access

Prescription

76757 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D Y-2

76758 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76759 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76760 0.00 0.60 0.60 NA Native P D Y-2 P

76760 0.60 3.10 2.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76761 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76762 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76763 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76764 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76765 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76765A 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D Y-2

76766 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767A 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767B 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767B1 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76768 0.40 0.50 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76768 0.50 0.59 0.09 1 Native FS D Y-2

76769 0.00 0.11 0.11 1 Native FS D Y-2

76779 0.00 0.90 0.90 1 Native FS D W-2

76779A 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76779B 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76780 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76780A 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76780B 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76781 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76782 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76782A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76783 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost



Level Access

Prescription

76783A 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76783B 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76784 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76788 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76788A 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76789 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76802 0.00 1.70 1.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76802A 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76803 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76804 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76805 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76805A 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76806 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76807 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76808 0.00 0.81 0.81 1 Native FS D W-2

76808A 0.00 0.05 0.05 1 Native FS D W-2

76808B 0.00 0.10 0.10 NA Aggregate P D W-2 P

76809 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76809A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76810 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76846 0.00 0.10 0.10 NA Native P D Open P

76846 0.10 0.20 0.10 NA Native FS D Open P

76846 0.20 0.60 0.40 NA Native P D Open P

76847 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76848 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76864 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76899 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-4

76900 0.00 1.53 1.53 1 Native FS D Y-2

76901 0.00 0.16 0.16 1 Native FS D Y-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost



Level Access

Prescription

76902 0.00 0.37 0.37 1 Native FS D Y-2

76903 0.00 0.25 0.25 1 Native FS D Y-2

76904 0.00 0.31 0.31 1 Native FS D Y-2

76905 0.00 0.09 0.09 1 Native FS D Y-2

76906 0.00 0.24 0.24 1 Native FS D Y-2

76907 0.00 0.18 0.18 1 Native FS D Y-4

76908 0.00 0.18 0.18 1 Native FS D Y-4

76909 0.00 0.47 0.47 1 Native FS D Y-4

9402 0.00 0.75 0.75 2 Aggregate FS D C2-A

9441 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

9448 0.00 0.10 0.10 2 Aggregate FS D Open S

9448 0.10 2.10 2.00 NA Native FS D B

9466 0.00 2.60 2.60 2 Native FS D W-2

9466A 0.00 0.60 0.60 2 Native FS D W-2

9471 0.00 1.30 1.30 2 Native FS D Y-2

9471A 0.00 0.80 0.80 2 Native FS D Y-2

9472 0.00 1.21 1.21 1 Native FS D Y-4

9472A 0.00 0.17 0.17 1 Native FS D Y-4

9477 0.00 1.90 1.90 1 Native FS D Y-4

9477A 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D Y-4

9478 0.00 2.40 2.40 2 Native FS D Y-2

9478A 0.00 0.80 0.80 2 Native FS D Y-2

9478A1 0.00 0.20 0.20 2 Native FS D Y-2

9480 0.00 0.20 0.20 NA Native P D Not Established P

9480 0.20 0.50 0.30 NA Native P D Not Established P



Table C-2. Proposed Road Management Objectives for Roads in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction Project Area � Alte

Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level

Surface Type Jurisdiction Traffic Service

Level Access

Prescription

1100 0.00 0.22 0.22 5 Asphalt FS C Open


1104 0.40 2.60 2.20 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1104 2.60 3.70 1.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

1104A 0.00 3.20 3.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

1104B 0.00 2.30 2.30 1 Native FS D Y-2

1104C 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2


1106 9.19 9.72 0.53 2 Aggregate FS C W-4

1106B 0.00 1.75 1.75 1 Native FS D Y-4

1106B1 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

1106C 0.00 3.80 3.80 1 Native FS D Y-2

1106D 0.00 0.60 0.60 2 Native FS D Y-2

1106N 0.00 0.69 0.69 NA Native FS D W-2 Acc

1106N1 0.00 0.10 0.10 NA Native FS D C-4 Acc

1106N1 0.10 0.60 0.50 NA Native P D C-4 Priv

1106O 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-4

1108 0.00 0.06 0.06 5 Asphalt FS D Open

1120 0.00 2.90 2.90 1 Native FS D Y-4

1160A 1.04 1.14 0.10 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1160A 1.14 1.70 0.56 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160A1 0.00 0.13 0.13 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160A2 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160A3 0.00 0.97 0.97 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1160C 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160E 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D Y-2

13 9.99 11.04 1.05 5 Asphalt S A Open Sta

14 0.00 16.87 16.87 5 Asphalt S A Open Staana



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

244 0.00 1.82 1.82 5 Asphalt C C Open Cou


244A 0.00 1.50 1.50 1 Native FS D Y-4

244D 0.00 2.64 2.64 1 Native FS D Y-4

244J 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D Y-2

244O 0.00 1.60 1.60 1 Native FS D Y-2 Porana

284 7.44 7.80 0.36 5 Aggregate C C Open Cou


284B 0.21 0.40 0.19 2 Native P D Open

284B 0.40 0.70 0.30 2 Native FS D Open

284B 0.70 1.00 0.30 2 Native P D Open

284B 1.00 1.24 0.24 2 Native FS D Open

284D 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

284E 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

284F 0.00 1.40 1.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

284F 1.40 1.41 0.01 NA Native P D Y-2 Pri



337 2.80 4.30 1.50 3 Aggregate FS D Y-4

Porana

337A 0.00 1.00 1.00 2 Native FS D Y-4


451 1.30 8.30 7.00 2 Aggregate FS C W-2

451 8.30 14.00 5.70 2 Native FS C W-2

451 12.47 14.00 1.53 2 Native FS C W-2

Porana

451A 0.00 6.50 6.50 2 Native FS D W-2

451B 0.00 1.10 1.10 2 Native FS D W-2

451D 0.00 0.80 0.80 2 Native FS D W-2

451E 0.00 0.30 0.30 2 Native FS D W-2

451F 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

451F1 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 Native FS D W-2

451F2 0.00 0.05 0.05 1 Native FS D W-2

451H 0.00 0.70 0.70 2 Native FS D W-2

451J 0.00 0.20 0.20 2 Native FS D W-2

465 0.00 0.52 0.52 2 Native FS D W-2

465A 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D W-2

475 0.22 4.00 3.78 2 Native FS D W-2

475A 0.00 1.30 1.30 2 Native FS D W-2

475A1 0.00 0.40 0.40 NA Native P D W-2 Priv

475B 0.00 0.60 0.60 NA Native P D W-2 Priv

475B 0.60 0.80 0.20 NA Native FS D W-2 Priv




475C 0.00 0.15 0.15 NA Native P D W-2 Priv

475C 0.15 0.45 0.30 NA Native FS D W-2 Priv


546 0.00 0.15 0.15 5 Asphalt FS A Open



76581 0.00 0.37 0.37 1 Native FS D Y-2

76581A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76582 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D Y-2

76583 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76591 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76597 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76598 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D Y-2

76599 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76600 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

76656 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76656A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76657 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76658 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76658A 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76658B 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76742 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A1 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A2 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D W-2

76742B 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76743 0.00 1.50 1.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A 0.00 2.10 2.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A1 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A2 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A3 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76743B 0.00 1.40 1.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76743B1 0.00 1.30 1.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76743C 0.00 1.10 1.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76743D 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76743E 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76744 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76755 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D Y-2

76757 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D Y-2

76758 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76759 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76760 0.00 0.60 0.60 NA Native P D Y-2 Priv

76760 0.60 3.10 2.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76761 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

76762 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76763 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76764 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76765 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76765A 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D Y-2

76766 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767A 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767B 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767B1 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76768 0.40 0.50 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76768 0.50 0.59 0.09 1 Native FS D Y-2

76769 0.00 0.11 0.11 1 Native FS D Y-2

76779 0.00 0.90 0.90 1 Native FS D W-2

76779A 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76779B 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76780 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76780A 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76780B 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76781 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76782 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76782A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76783 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76783A 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76783B 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76784 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76788 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76788A 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76789 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

76802 0.00 1.70 1.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76802A 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76803 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76804 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76805 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76805A 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76806 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D Y-2

76807 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76808 0.00 0.81 0.81 1 Native FS D W-2

76808A 0.00 0.05 0.05 1 Native FS D W-2

76808B 0.00 0.10 0.10 NA Aggregate P D W-2 Priv

76809 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76809A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76810 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76846 0.00 0.10 0.10 NA Native P D Open Priv

76846 0.10 0.20 0.10 NA Native FS D Open Priv


76847 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76848 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76864 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76899 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-4

76900 0.00 1.53 1.53 1 Native FS D Y-2

76901 0.00 0.16 0.16 1 Native FS D Y-2

76902 0.00 0.37 0.37 1 Native FS D Y-2

76903 0.00 0.25 0.25 1 Native FS D Y-2

76904 0.00 0.31 0.31 1 Native FS D Y-2

76905 0.00 0.09 0.09 1 Native FS D Y-2

76906 0.00 0.24 0.24 1 Native FS D Y-2

76907 0.00 0.18 0.18 1 Native FS D Y-4



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

76908 0.00 0.18 0.18 1 Native FS D Y-4

76909 0.00 0.47 0.47 1 Native FS D Y-4

9402 0.00 0.75 0.75 2 Aggregate FS D C2-A

9441 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

9448 0.00 0.10 0.10 2 Aggregate FS D Open Sto

9448 0.10 2.10 2.00 NA Native FS D B

9466 0.00 2.60 2.60 2 Native FS D W-2

9466A 0.00 0.60 0.60 2 Native FS D W-2

9471 0.00 1.30 1.30 2 Native FS D Y-2

9471A 0.00 0.80 0.80 2 Native FS D Y-2

9472 0.00 1.21 1.21 1 Native FS D Y-4

9472A 0.00 0.17 0.17 1 Native FS D Y-4

9477 0.00 1.90 1.90 1 Native FS D Y-4

9477A 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D Y-4

9478 0.00 2.40 2.40 2 Native FS D Y-2

9478A 0.00 0.80 0.80 2 Native FS D Y-2

9478A1 0.00 0.20 0.20 2 Native FS D Y-2

9480 0.00 0.20 0.20 NA Native P D Not Established Priv




Table C-3. Proposed Road Management Objectives for Roads in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction Project Area � Alte

Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

1100 0.00 0.22 0.22 5 Asphalt FS C Open


1104 0.40 2.60 2.20 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1104 2.60 3.70 1.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

1104A 0.00 3.20 3.20 NA Native FS D B Dec

1104B 0.00 0.99 0.99 1 Native FS D Y-2

1104B 0.99 2.30 1.31 NA Native FS D B Decend

1104C 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2


1106 9.19 9.72 0.53 2 Aggregate FS C W-4

1106B 0.00 1.75 1.75 1 Native FS D Y-4

1106B1 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

1106C 0.00 3.80 3.80 1 Native FS D Y-2

1106D 0.00 0.60 0.60 2 Native FS D Y-2

1106N 0.00 0.69 0.69 NA Native FS D W-2 Acc

1106N1 0.00 0.10 0.10 NA Native FS D C-4 Acc

1106N1 0.10 0.60 0.50 NA Native P D C-4 Priv

1106O 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-4

1108 0.00 0.06 0.06 5 Asphalt FS D Open

1120 0.00 1.70 1.70 1 Native FS D Y-4

1120 1.70 2.90 1.20 NA Native FS D B De

1160A 1.04 1.14 0.10 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1160A 1.14 1.70 0.56 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160A1 0.00 0.13 0.13 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160A2 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160A3 0.00 0.97 0.97 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

1160C 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

1160E 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D Y-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

13 9.99 11.04 1.05 5 Asphalt S A Open Sta

14 0.00 16.87 16.87 5 Asphalt S A Open Staana

244 0.00 1.82 1.82 5 Asphalt C C Open Cou


244A 0.00 1.50 1.50 1 Native FS D Y-4

244D 0.00 2.64 2.64 1 Native FS D Y-4

244J 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D Y-2

244O 0.00 1.60 1.60 1 Native FS D Y-2 Porana

284 7.44 7.80 0.36 5 Aggregate C C Open Cou


284B 0.21 0.40 0.19 2 Native P D Open

284B 0.40 0.70 0.30 2 Native FS D Open

284B 0.70 1.00 0.30 2 Native P D Open

284B 1.00 1.24 0.24 2 Native FS D Open

284D 0.00 0.50 0.50 NA Native FS D B Dec

284E 0.00 0.40 0.40 NA Native FS D B Dec

284F 0.00 1.40 1.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

284F 1.40 1.41 0.01 NA Native P D Y-2 Pri



337 2.80 4.30 1.50 3 Aggregate FS D Y-4

Porana

337A 0.00 1.00 1.00 2 Native FS D Y-4


451 1.30 8.30 7.00 2 Aggregate FS C W-2

451 8.30 14.00 5.70 2 Native FS C W-2

451 12.47 14.00 1.53 2 Native FS C W-2

Porana

451A 0.00 6.50 6.50 2 Native FS D W-2

451B 0.00 1.10 1.10 2 Native FS D W-2

451D 0.00 0.80 0.80 2 Native FS D W-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

451E 0.00 0.30 0.30 2 Native FS D W-2

451F 0.00 0.60 0.60 2 Native FS D W-2

451F1 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 Native FS D W-2

451F2 0.00 0.05 0.05 2 Native FS D W-2

451H 0.00 0.70 0.70 2 Native FS D W-2

451J 0.00 0.20 0.20 2 Native FS D W-2

465 0.00 0.52 0.52 2 Native FS D W-2

465A 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2 Chacod

475 0.22 4.00 3.78 2 Native FS D W-2

475A 0.00 1.30 1.30 2 Native FS D W-2

475A1 0.00 0.40 0.40 NA Native P D W-2 Priv







475C 0.15 0.45 0.30 NA Native FS D W-2 Priv


546 0.00 0.15 0.15 5 Asphalt FS A Open



76581 0.00 0.37 0.37 1 Native FS D Y-2

76581A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76582 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D Y-2

76583 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76591 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76597 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76598 0.00 0.30 0.30 NA Native FS D B Dec



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

76599 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76600 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76656 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76656A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76657 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76658 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76658A 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76658B 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76742 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A1 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76742A2 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D W-2

76742B 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2 Chacod

76743 0.00 1.50 1.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A 0.00 2.10 2.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A1 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A2 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76743A3 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76743B 0.00 1.40 1.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76743B1 0.00 1.30 1.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76743C 0.00 1.10 1.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76743D 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76743E 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76744 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76755 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D Y-2

76757 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Native FS D Y-2

76758 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76759 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76760 0.00 0.60 0.60 NA Native P D Y-2 Priv



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription




76763 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2

76764 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76765 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D Y-2

76765A 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D Y-2




76767B 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

76767B1 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76768 0.40 0.50 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76768 0.50 0.59 0.09 1 Native FS D Y-2

76769 0.00 0.11 0.11 1 Native FS D Y-2

76779 0.00 0.90 0.90 1 Native FS D W-2

76779A 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76779B 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76780 0.00 0.50 0.50 2 Native FS D W-2

76780A 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76780B 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76781 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76782 0.00 0.80 0.80 2 Native FS D W-2

76782A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76783 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D W-2

76783A 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76783B 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2

76784 0.00 0.30 0.30 1 Native FS D W-2

76788 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D Y-2 Chacod



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

76788A 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D W-2


76802 0.00 1.70 1.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76802A 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76803 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76804 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76805 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2

76805A 0.00 0.60 0.60 1 Native FS D W-2


76807 0.00 0.50 0.50 1 Native FS D W-2

76808 0.00 0.81 0.81 2 Native FS D W-2

76808A 0.00 0.05 0.05 1 Native FS D W-2

76808B 0.00 0.10 0.10 NA Aggregate P D W-2 Priv


76809A 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D W-2

76810 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2


76846 0.10 0.20 0.10 NA Native FS D Open Priv


76847 0.00 0.40 0.40 1 Native FS D W-2

76848 0.00 0.10 0.10 1 Native FS D Y-2

76864 0.00 0.70 0.70 1 Native FS D W-2

76899 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-4

76900 0.00 1.53 1.53 1 Native FS D Y-2

76901 0.00 0.16 0.16 1 Native FS D Y-2

76902 0.00 0.37 0.37 1 Native FS D Y-2

76903 0.00 0.25 0.25 1 Native FS D Y-2

76904 0.00 0.31 0.31 1 Native FS D Y-2



Road Number

Beginning Milepost

End Milepost


Maintenance Level


Level Access

Prescription

76905 0.00 0.09 0.09 1 Native FS D Y-2

76906 0.00 0.24 0.24 1 Native FS D Y-2

76907 0.00 0.18 0.18 1 Native FS D Y-4

76908 0.00 0.18 0.18 1 Native FS D Y-4

76909 0.00 0.47 0.47 1 Native FS D Y-4

9402 0.00 0.75 0.75 2 Aggregate FS D C2-A

9441 0.00 1.00 1.00 1 Aggregate FS D Y-2

9448 0.00 0.10 0.10 2 Aggregate FS D Open Sto

9448 0.10 2.10 2.00 NA Native FS D B

9466 0.00 2.60 2.60 2 Native FS D W-2

9466A 0.00 0.60 0.60 2 Native FS D W-2



9472 0.00 1.21 1.21 1 Native FS D Y-4

9472A 0.00 0.17 0.17 1 Native FS D Y-4



9478 0.00 2.40 2.40 1 Native FS D Y-2

9478A 0.00 0.80 0.80 1 Native FS D B Dec

9478A1 0.00 0.20 0.20 1 Native FS D Y-2




Appendix D – Proposed Forest Plan Amendment Page D-1

APPENDIX D PROPOSED FOREST PLAN AMENDMENT

AMENDMENT DESCRIPTION & FINDING OF NON-SIGNIFICANCE The Responsible Official has evaluated the following analysis and concluded that the proposed site specific amendment to the Nez Perce National Forest Plan for the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project, described in detail below, does not constitute a significant amendment to the Nez Perce National Forest Plan (1987b). The following information is provided to disclose the proposed amendment and the effects analysis for the proposed amendment.

POLICY AND PURPOSE Under the National Forest Management Act [NFMA, 16 USC 1604(f)(4)], forest plans may “be amended in any manner whatsoever after final adoption and after public notice, and, if such amendment would result in a significant change in such plan, be in accordance with subsections (e) and (f) of this section and public involvement comparable to that required by subsection (d) of this section.” The NFMA regulations at 36 CFR 219.8 states: “For each proposal for a plan amendment, the responsible official must complete appropriate environmental analyses and public involvement in accordance with Forest Service NEPA procedures.” The Forest Service Land and Resource Management Planning Handbook (Forest Service Handbook 1909.12, Section 5.32) provides a framework for consideration of significance. It lists the following four factors to be used when determining whether a proposed change to a forest plan is significant or not significant: (a) timing; (b) location and size; (c) goals, objectives and outputs; and (d) management prescriptions. Timing: The timing factor examines at what point over the course of the forest plan period that the plan is amended. Both the age of the underlying document and the duration of the amendment are relevant considerations. The handbook indicates that the later in the time period, the less significant the change is likely to be. Location and Size: The key to the location and size criteria is context or “the relationship of the affected area to the overall planning area”, “the smaller the area affected, the less likely the change is to be a significant change in the forest plan.” Goals, Objectives, and Outputs: The goals, objectives, and outputs factor involves the determination of “whether the change alters the long-term relationship between the level of goods and services in the overall planning area” (Forest Service Handbook 1909.12, Section 5.32(c)). This criterion concerns analysis of the overall forest plan and the various multiple-use resources that may be affected. Management Prescription: The management prescription factor involves the determination of (1), “whether the change in a management prescription is only for a specific situation or whether it would apply to the future decisions throughout the planning area”, and (2) “whether or not the change alters the desired future condition of the land and resources or the anticipated goods and services to be produced” (Forest Service Handbook 1909.12, Section 5.32(d)).

Deleted: -



BACKGROUND INFORMATION The on-going Forest Plan revision will address the broader allocation and uses associated with this area in context of the programs across the Nez Perce National Forest. However, until the revision is complete, soil quality objectives desired in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area are still considered valid goals through the remainder of this planning period.

SOILS Past activities have altered soils conditions within the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area. Both the current Forest Plan standards and Forest Service Regional soil quality guidelines provide direction to maintain soil productivity. The proposed amendment would change the Forest Plan standards, and allow activities to occur and provide for soil restoration in detrimentally disturbed areas.



PROPOSED AMENDMENT-SOILS Nez Perce National Forest

Land and Resource Management Plan Site Specific Amendment to Soil Quality Standard #2

For The Blacktail Fuels Reduction Project Area

The Nez Perce National Forest Soil Quality Standards (Forest Plan II-22) apply to lands in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area. Soil quality standard #2 reads as follows:

“A minimum of 80 percent of an activity area shall not be detrimentally compacted, displaced, or puddled upon completion of activities. This direction does not apply to permanent recreation facilities and other permanent facilities such as system roads”

The following amendment is proposed, specific to the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area on the Clearwater Ranger District:

“Where detrimental soil conditions from past activities affect 15 percent or less of the activity area, a cumulative minimum of 85 percent of the activity area shall not be detrimentally compacted, displaced, or puddled upon completion of activities.

“Where detrimental soil conditions from past activities affect more than 15 percent of the activity area, the cumulative detrimental soil disturbance from project implementation and past activities shall not exceed the conditions prior to the planned activity and shall provide a net improvement in soil quality.”

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS � SOILS The amendment would allow the fuels reduction treatments and restoration activities to proceed in an area with pre-existing detrimentally disturbed soil conditions. The amendment takes into account the amount of existing detrimental soil disturbance, and allows flexibility to achieve multiple resource objectives while showing a net improvement in soil condition following completion of activities.

TIMING The amended soil standard #2 will be effective until the Forest Plan is revised or amended. The Nez Perce Forest has been preparing a Forest Plan revision since September of 2004. Activity on that revision is temporarily halted due to a recent court decision, but should resume shortly. Therefore, the temporal scale of this amendment is limited.

LOCATION AND SIZE The proposed Forest plan amendment would affect implementation of activities only in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area. The project area encompasses approximately 26,200 acres, and is located in Townships: T29N, R4E, Sections or portions of Sections 3 through 22; T30N, R4E, Sections or portions of Sections 1, 2, and 9 through 36; T30N, R5E, portions of Sections 4,5, and 6, and T31N, R5E, Sections 21, 28, 31, 32, and 33, Boise Meridian. The project area represents approximately one percent of the total 2,274,146 acres of the National Forest System land within the Nez Perce National Forest.

Proposed activities for the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project include soil restoration activities to achieve a net improvement in soil conditions within proposed fuel reduction units with past soil disturbance, as well as disturbed areas outside proposed fuel reduction units. Detrimental soil

Deleted: -

Deleted: The purpose of this amendment is to allow hazardous fuels reduction activities in areas that currently exceed Forest Plan soil quality standard #2.¶

Deleted: Soil Standard #2 (Nez Perce Forest Plan, p. II-22) will be amended with a site specific Forest Plan Amendment for the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area on the Clearwater Ranger District.

Deleted: will

Deleted: net

Deleted: Soil

Deleted: Standard

Deleted: The Nez Perce National Forest is in the process of forest plan revision, with completion of the revision process planned for 2007. The temporal scale of the amendment is therefore limited.

Deleted: X



conditions from past activities affect more than 15% of each of ten units in Alternative 2 and nine units in Alternative 3, but each unit/activity area will show a net improvement following treatment (Watershed analysis, Section 3.5).

The preferred Alternative 3 includes fuels reduction activities on 3251 acres using timber harvest and hand fuel treatments, 10,544 acres using landscape level burning, and 18 acres of soil restoration within the project area. This acreage represents around 0.6 percent of the total Nez Perce National Forest System land on the Nez Perce National Forest.

Additionally, the ten units in Alternative 2 and the nine units in Alternative 3 where more than 15% of each unit is already detrimentally disturbed comprise only 0.01 percent of the Nez Perce Forest System land. Therefore, the size of the area affected by the amendment is limited.

Table D-1. Forest Plan Amendment by Alternative.

Alternative 2 Alternative 3

Site Specific, Soil Quality Amendment 2 Required? Yes Yes

Number of units with activity areas where more than 15% of each unit is already detrimentally disturbed, but will

show a net improvement following treatment. 10 9

There have been two previous site specific amendments to Forest Plan soil quality standard #2: 1. For the Meadow Face project in 2002, and 2. For the Red Pines project in 2005. The estimated acres where more than 15% of each unit is already detrimentally disturbed for the three projects are 550 acres for Meadow Face, 790 acres for Red Pines, and 363 acres for Alternative 2 and 400 acres for Alternative 3 of the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project. These acres total to less than one percent of the Forest area. From a forest-wide perspective, this acreage is considered minimal, especially considering all areas had activities and have proposed activities which would improve soil conditions resulting from previous soil disturbance.

GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND OUTPUTS The Forest Plan goal for soils is to maintain soil productivity and minimize any irreversible impacts to the soil resource through the application of best management practices, careful riparian area management, use of fishery/water quality objectives for prescription watersheds, and soil and water resource improvement projects.

This amendment is fully consistent with the goals and objectives of the Nez Perce Forest Plan because the amendment would impose a standard to maintain soil productivity and allow activities which would restore areas with pre-existing detrimental soil disturbance. These activities would respond both directly and indirectly to the Forest Plan goal and objectives for soils. The activities would not inhibit achievement of the Forest Plan goal/objective. This amendment would allow a net improvement in soil condition in the units treated with prior impacts.

The purpose of the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project is to reduce wildland fire threats to the Wall Creek Municipal Watershed, the towns of Clearwater and Harpster, and other dispersed homes and structures located in the wildland urban interface, and to restore fire-adapted ecosystems in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction Project landscape. This purpose responds to goals and objectives of the Nez Perce National Forest Plan, the National Fire Plan, the Idaho County Wildfire Mitigation Plan, the South Fork Clearwater River Landscape Assessment, and the Healthy Forests Restoration Act, and helps transition the project area towards desired conditions described in those documents.

To accomplish this purpose, proposed activities need to occur. However, the soil analysis that we conducted found that many of the areas logged in the past currently have detrimental soil conditions over more than 20% of the area. To conduct the proposed activities which address the purpose and need of this project, an amendment to soil quality standard #2 is needed.

MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTION

Deleted: T

Deleted: have activity areas that exceed the 15 percent disturbance standard

Deleted: will

Deleted: of the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project proposes

Deleted: currently exceeding the 15% disturbance standard

Deleted: that exceed the

Deleted: disturbance standard

Deleted: the

Deleted: .

Deleted: Both were site specific amendments

Deleted: for

Deleted: for

Deleted: Cumulatively, the total project area acres for all three projects are less than seven percent of the total Forest area.

Deleted: exceeding the 15% detrimental disturbance standard

Deleted: In order t

Deleted: past harvested areas in the project area have compacted or displaced soils exceeding the current Forest Plan Standard of 20%. In order t



Amendment of Forest Plan soil standard #2 is specific or applicable only to the Blacktail Fuels Reduction activity areas (any action alternative). This amendment does not apply to activities occurring outside the Blacktail Fuels Reduction activity areas. The proposed change would affect less than one percent of the forest, therefore there would be no measurable change to goods and services produced within the total forest planning unit (2,274,146 acres) prior to completion of the Forest Plan revision.

This amendment would make the Forest Plan standard consistent with Regional soil quality guidelines found in the Region 1 Supplement to Forest Service Manual 2500 (USDA Forest Service 1999a).

Deleted: Soil

Deleted: Standard

Deleted: occur

Deleted: on approximately

Deleted: This direction does not apply to permanent recreation facilities and other permanent facilities such as system roads.





Appendix E – Bald Eagle Essential Wintering Habitat Page E-1

APPENDIX E BALD EAGLE ESSENTIAL WINTERING HABITAT

1978 Nez Perce National Forest designation

This appendix describes the essential wintering habitat within the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area for bald eagles. The Nez Perce National Forest bald eagle activity and observations are limited to either wintering birds along the main rivers or eagles using river canyons as movement corridors or travel lanes. Feeding and perching locations are frequented whenever eagles are using the river systems. Islands with suitable perch trees are commonly used for hunting and are the locations where eagles are often observed.

The following are legal descriptions of Forest Service lands included in the bald eagle essential habitat delineation that are associated with the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area.

South Fork Clearwater River

Legal description:

Half mile boundary on both sides of the river from Hanging Rock (NE1/4 sec. 5, T. 28 N., R. 6 E.) to NE ¼ sec. 9, T. 30 N., R. 4 E.

Meadow Creek � McComas Meadows

Legal description:

N1/2 sec. 25, E1/4, W1/4 sec. 35, N1/2, SW1/4 sec. 26, T. 30 N., R. 4 E., and sec. 2, T. 29 N., R. 4 E.


Appendix E – Bald Eagle Essential Wintering Habitat Page E-2



Appendix F – Coarse Woody Debris, Snag, and Green Tree Retention Guidelines Page F-1

APPENDIX F COARSE WOODY DEBRIS, SNAG, AND GREEN TREE RETENTION GUIDELINES

COARSE WOODY DEBRIS

The recommendations in Table F-1 are based on the work of Graham et al. (1994), and Harvey et al. (1987). These guidelines assume that the more severe a disturbance affecting existing soil wood reserves, the more important it becomes to supplement the soil wood supply. Therefore, the recommendations change not only with habitat type, but also with severity of harvest treatment. Coarse woody debris includes material larger than three inches diameter, and distribution should be more or less scattered through the unit, with some localized concentrations acceptable, or even desirable for additional wildlife benefits. Low harvest severity is less than 30 percent canopy removal, moderate is 30 to less than 70 percent removal, and high is greater than or equal to 70 percent removal.

Table F-1. Recommended Coarse Woody Debris Prescriptions.

Fire or Harvest Severity Habitat Type Groups 1 and 2 (Tons/Acre)

Habitat Type Group 3

(Tons/Acre)

Habitat Type Group 4

(Tons/Acre)

Habitat Type Groups 5 and 6 (Tons/Acre)

Low: Low fire severity or harvest leaving slash onsite, no dozer piling or hot broadcast burn 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25

Moderate: Moderate fire severity or harvest with moderate broadcast burn 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30

High: High fire severity, or harvest yarding tops or hot broadcast burn, or dozer pile 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35

SNAGS

The recommendations for snag and green tree retention are derived from the Northern Region snag management protocol (USDA FS 2000). They are transposed from the VRU clusters used in that document to the habitat type groups (Applegate et al. 1995) and VRUs (USDA FS 1998) used on the Nez Perce Forest. The data were taken from Forest Inventory and Analysis plots, and modified with consideration for effects of fire suppression and exotic pathogens.

Snag occurrence is highly variable in the landscape, and densities of desirable snags have been highly reduced in the project area due to logging and fire suppression (USDA FS 2003a). Snags provide both wildlife habitat and are recruited to coarse woody debris that sustains soil resources, so measures to improve both retention of adequate numbers and some measure of equitable distribution are justified. This means, particularly for areas that have lost desirable snags to the degree that the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area has, that snag retention and recruitment should be applied using the guidelines in the following table on all stands where it is possible to do so.



Table F-2. Snag Retention Guidelines.

Habitat Type Group/VRU

Snags 11.0�-19.9�

dbh (number/

acre)*

Snags ≥ 20.0 �dbh

(number/acre)* Total Snags

(number/acre) Total Snags per 10 acres

Warm dry ponderosa pine and Douglas fir

(HTG 1)

N/A 1-2 1-2 10-20

Cool Douglas-fir and warm grand

fir (HTGs 2, 3, and 4/VRUs 3 and 4 – not lodgepole

cover types)

N/A 4 4 40

Low elevation cedar

(HTGs 5, 6) 8 4 12 120

*Where snags are not available in these classes, substitute green trees. Where neither green trees nor snags are available in these size classes, substitute the largest diameters available. Preferred species in order are ponderosa pine, larch, Douglas fir, cedar, grand fir, lodgepole pine, spruce.

GREEN TREE SNAG REPLACEMENT

Protecting existing large diameter snags will not assure long-term snag occurrence on National Forest System lands. Managing live trees for long-term snag recruitment is as important as protecting existing snags (Thomas et al. 1979, Hichcox 1996). Current Nez Perce Forest Plan green tree replacement standards call for four trees per acre to be retained to provide large old trees to become snags in the future. Monitoring has shown these trees are likely to be lost to other causes before becoming available as snags. Causes of loss include wind throw, salvage, falling for safety concerns, or slash burning. Therefore, the recommendations for green tree snag replacement for the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project are greater than the Forest Plan’s.

The Regional Protocol recommends using SnagPop, a matrix model of tree survivorship and fall rates. This model requires site specific data lacking for many project areas. The recommendations below consider the work of Schommer et al. (1993), and Ritter and Davis, (1994), and the snag guidelines from the Payette National Forest (USDA Forest Service 1995). They are adapted to the same habitat type groups/VRU groups as in the snag recommendations above. They must be considered provisional and need more rigorous modeling and monitoring to evaluate their adequacy.

Densities of desirable replacement large green trees have been highly reduced in the project area due to logging (USDA FS 2003a). Many harvest units have been clearcut and dozer piled so that no recruitable snags, green trees, or woody debris exist. One purpose of these guidelines is to assure that some green trees are available for snag and down wood recruitment in the future.

Leave trees should represent the range of species and size classes most likely to survive natural fire disturbance, and be located in the clustering patterns and locations most likely to have survived natural fires in the local setting (e.g. open ridges or rocky areas), and be likely to survive harvesting operations and post-harvest exposure.

Deleted: -



The rationale for this guide may be less than the 4-6 green tree replacements per snag recommended by Ritter and Davis (1994) for the Clearwater, because the snag recommendations of the Regional Protocols presented in Table F-3 significantly exceed those recommended in the Clearwater guidelines. The recommendations here are based on:

1) An equivalent number of large green retention trees as snags. 2) Recommendations for smaller diameter green trees are estimated as twice the number of

smaller diameter snags, or twice the numbers of larger snags if no small snags were recommended, to provide for variable growth, mortality, and soil wood recruitment over time. These numbers should be more rigorously evaluated before widespread adoption.

Table F-3. Green Tree Snag-Replacement Guidelines.

Cover Type Trees

11�-19.9� dbh (number/acre)

Trees ≥20� dbh(number/acre)

Total green trees

(number/acre)Total Trees

per 10 Acres

Warm dry ponderosa pine and Douglas fir

(HTG 1) 4 2 6 60

Grand fir and Cool Douglas fir

(HTG 2, 3, 4/VRUs 3 and 4, - not lodgepole cover

types)

8 4 12 120

Low elevation cedar (HTGs 5, 6) 16 4 16 160

SCALE AT WHICH TO APPLY SNAG AND SNAG RECRUITMENT PRESCRIPTIONS

Snag retention and recruitment prescriptions should be applied, where possible, at the stand scale. Success of snag retention and recruitment may be monitored at the subwatershed scale or larger.

Clumping of snags and retention green trees in one to two acre patches within the unit is acceptable and even desirable for wildlife, where necessary to provide for safety, operability, and long-term retention of leave trees. At the same time, try to ensure that each three to four acres are not without a snag. Green tree replacements and snags in clumps are desirable for nesting birds (Raphael and Morrison 1984).

Look for natural clumps of snags or for areas where snags and green trees can be most logically maintained through logging and slash treatments.

OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SNAG AND GREEN TREE RETENTION

Not all snags are a grave significant danger and not all snags are of such high value that they should be retained where any safety risk is identified. The decision to cut or leave a snag will be made by the purchaser/operator, using the guide “Risk assessment for identifying reserve trees” that is available from each sale administrator.

Machine harvesting systems with cabs provide more safety than where fallers are exposed to falling trees, so more leeway for leaving trees should be possible where mechanized harvesting and piling are used.



In marking leave trees, attempt to avoid likely landing sites, roads, cable corridors, and within 1.5 tree lengths of the outer unit boundary on broadcast burn units. Snags and green trees will be lost.

Do not mark snags for retention within 300 feet of a road that will be open for firewood cutting unless they can be protected or unless they will not count toward the retention requirement.

Where one particularly desirable and safe snag or green tree is left in isolation on tractor units being machine piled, it should be feasible and economical to retain 20-50 feet of some shrubs and a few small saplings or poles around this tree to mitigate its isolation. This may not be feasible in broadcast burn units.


Appendix G – Supporting Information for Soil Resources, Watershed, Fisheries, and Transportation System Analysis

Page G-1

APPENDIX G SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR SOIL RESOURCES, WATERSHED, FISHERIES,

AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS

This appendix provides supporting information for the soil resources, watershed, fisheries, and transportation system analysis. It describes in detail the watershed improvement projects, including soil restoration, proposed for the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project, and contains analysis methods used.

WATERSHED IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Although not listed as elements of the purpose and need, restoration activities are essential components of the proposed action. The Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area contains areas identified with detrimental soil conditions from past activities which affect more than 15 percent of an activity area. In order to meet Forest Plan standards, as amended, activities such as road decommissioning, soil restoration, and meadow fencing, help to improve the soil quality. Therefore, watershed improvements are a component of each action alternative. These improvement activities are necessary to meet Forest Plan standards, while pursuing the purpose and need for fuels reduction.

Additionally, Appendix A of the Nez Perce Forest Plan contains specific direction for watersheds identified in the plan as below their assigned fish/water quality objectives. In summary, this direction allows timber harvest or other sediment-producing activities as long as an upward trend in habitat carrying capacity is produced, presumably through implementation of watershed and stream restoration projects. These projects are designed to achieve the upward trend and soil quality requirements of the Nez Perce National Forest Plan and to meet Clean Water Act requirements, including TMDLs.

Below is a summary of watershed improvement projects in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area for watersheds with fish-bearing streams that were determined below their objectives and for areas not meeting detrimental soil standards for Alternatives 2 and 3. No watershed improvement projects are proposed for Alternative 1, and consequently it is not represented in the summary table or the remaining tables.

Given implementation of these watershed improvement projects, and design and mitigation measures as described in Chapter 2, an upward trend in watershed condition, and subsequently habitat carrying capacity, would be achieved in these watersheds over time.



Page G-2

Table G-1. Summary of Proposed Watershed Improvement Projects for Alternatives 2 and 3 of the Blacktail Fuels Reduction Project1.

Project Type Wall Creek

Earthquake Creek

Lightning Creek

Green Creek

Sears Creek

Project Total

7.81 0 5.92 3.90 0 17.63 Road Decommissioning (miles)

(1000$) 85.91 0 30.71 26.70 0 143.32

2.46 3.60 1.16 0 4.30 11.52 Watershed Road Improvement (miles)

(Reconditioning)

(1000$)2 0 0 0 0 0 0

1.00 0 16.00 1.00 0 18.00 Soil Restoration (acres)

(1000$) 2.50 0 40.00 2.50 0 45.00

0 0 1.00 0 0 1.00 Meadow Fencing (acres)

(1000$) 0 0 1.80 0 0 1.80

Grand Total Cost (1000$) 88.41 0 72.51 29.20 0 190.12 1 All projects are proposed for both action alternatives (Alternatives 2 and 3). 2 The road work displayed in the Watershed Road Improvement category is also required to prepare the roads for timber haul with both action alternatives. Consequently, the associated costs are accounted for in a separate category of project-related roadwork (Section 3.15) and do not appear in this table.

DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WATERSHED IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS Road Decommissioning projects are proposed on 17.63 miles of road. These roads have been surveyed and were interdisciplinarily recommended for decommissioning. The selection of treatment type is based on the condition of the road, proximity to resource values such as streams, cost, and other factors. The objectives of road decommissioning are to reduce resource impacts (sediment delivery, ground water interception, under-sized culverts). Road decommissioning includes a range of treatment from full re-contouring to abandonment (stable roads with adequate drainage at stream crossings removed from the road system without disturbance of established vegetation).

Most of the roads planned for decommissioning within this project were identified through a roads analysis process. Some roads were added or deleted based on field reconnaissance. These roads were screened with Forest and District personnel to ensure that future access needs would be met. Temporary roads constructed and subsequently decommissioned as part of this project are not considered to be watershed improvements and are not listed in this appendix.

Watershed Road Improvement (Road Reconditioning) of existing system roads is proposed on 11.52 miles. Although 48 miles of road would be reconditioned throughout the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area as proposed under Alternatives 2 and 3, only 11.52 miles of these 48 miles are included as watershed improvement miles. These roads were identified as having improvement needs due to adverse effects on aquatic resources.

Road reconditioning covers a range of activities, such as surface blading, drainage repair, roadway brushing, minor culvert installation, minor slump repairs and stabilization work.

Soil Restoration projects are proposed on 18 acres. Objectives of soil restoration include improvement of soil productivity and reduction of adverse effects to hydrologic function, such as decreased infiltration and increased erosion and runoff. The proposed soil restoration projects



Page G-3

would treat areas displaying negative impacts to soil productivity or stability. Treatments could include soil de-compaction, recontouring of excavated skid trails and landings, replacing surface soil and organic material, stabilization of erosion features such as rills and gullies, and revegetation.

Meadow Fencing projects are proposed on one acre. Objectives of meadow fencing include improvement of soil productivity and reduction of adverse effects to hydrologic function, such as decreased infiltration and increased erosion and runoff caused by trampling.

WATERSHED IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS BY WATERSHED All of the watershed improvement projects in the following tables are proposed with both action alternatives (Alternatives 2 and 3).

Green Creek (17060305-07-01) Green Creek: Watershed improvement projects proposed in this watershed include 3.9 miles of road decommissioning, which includes a mix of recontouring and crossing removals, and one acre of soil restoration, which would improve drainage and result in less erosion on the road surface. The projects would result in lower road densities, a long-term reduction in sediment yield, and reduced risk of mass failures at crossing sites. The modeled existing condition percent over base sediment is 16 percent. After road decommissioning, the modeled post-treatment sediment would be 14 percent, a decrease of two percent. While soil restoration is not modeled in NEZSED, it would also contribute to long-term reduction of sediment.

Table G-2. Existing Roads to be Decommissioned in Green Creek.

Road Number

Decommissioning Level Description & Comments Units

(miles) Unit Cost

Total Cost

1120 Recontour Last 1.2 miles 1.20 $11,000 $13,200

9477 Varied Entire length – remove stream crossings 1.90 $5,000 $9,500

9477A Varied Entire length – remove stream crossings 0.80 $5,000 $4,000

Table G-3. Soil Restoration Projects in Green Creek.

Adjacent Road Number Description & Comments Units (acres)

Unit Cost

Total Cost

1120 Decommission skid trails, non system roads, and landings along the roads to be decommissioned 1.0 $2,500 $2,500



Page G-4

Sears Creek (17060305-07-09) Sears Creek: Watershed improvement projects proposed in this watershed include about 4.3 miles of reconditioning of Forest Roads. These projects would improve drainage on the roads, provide slope stability, and reduce surface erosion, resulting in less sediment delivery to Sears Creek. Watershed improvement projects in Sears Creek mainly address road maintenance and improvement. The modeled post-treatment sediment from these activities would drop to the existing condition of 17 percent in three to five years.

Table G-4. Watershed Road Improvements in Sears Creek1.

Road Number Improvement Level Description & Comments Units (miles)

1104 Minor Reconstruction Reshape surface to ensure adequate drainage, recondition ditch, repair/replace inadequate drainage structures.

1.27

1106B Minor Reconstruction Reshape surface to ensure adequate drainage, recondition ditch, repair/replace inadequate drainage structures.

0.21

1106C Minor Reconstruction Reshape surface to ensure adequate drainage, recondition ditch, repair/replace inadequate drainage structures.

2.30


0.43


0.09

1 The roads in this table would be used for timber haul with both action alternatives. Consequently, the costs associated with the work displayed in the table are accounted for in a separate category of project-related roadwork (Section 3.15) and do not appear in this table.



Page G-5

Wall Creek (17060305-07-03) Wall Creek: Activities proposed to improve the existing condition in this watershed include decommissioning (recontour) of 7.81 miles of road, reconditioning of 2.46 miles of road, and restoring one acre of soil. Many miles of existing road proposed for decommissioning are located on unstable land types. In addition to reducing the overall road density and surface sediment erosion from these roads, future risks of failure of these roads would be considerably reduced. The modeled existing condition sediment for Wall Creek in 2003 is 34 percent. After road decommissioning and reconditioning, the modeled post-treatment sediment would be 27 percent, a decrease of 7.0 percent. While soil restoration is not modeled in NEZSED, it would also contribute to long-term reduction of sediment.

Table G-5. Existing Roads to be Decommissioned in Wall Creek Watershed.

Road Number

Decommissioning Level Description & Comments Units

(miles) Unit Cost

Total Cost

1104A Recontour Junction of Road 1104 to terminus 3.20 $11,000 $35,200 1104B Recontour Junction of Road 9472 to terminus 1.31 $11,000 $14,410 284D Recontour Entire length 0.50 $11,000 $5,500 284E Recontour Entire length 0.40 $11,000 $4,400 76598 Recontour Entire length 0.30 $11,000 $3,300 9471 Recontour Entire length 1.30 $11,000 $14,300

9471A Recontour Entire length 0.80 $11,000 $8,800

Table G-6. Watershed Road Improvements in Wall Creek Watershed1.

Road Number Improvement Level Description/Comments Units (miles)

1104 Minor Reconstruction Road 1106 junction to Road 76755 junction 2.46 1 The roads in this table would be used for timber haul with both action alternatives. Consequently, the costs associated with the work displayed in the table are accounted for in a separate category of project-related roadwork (Section 3.15) and do not appear in this table.

Table G-7. Soil Restoration Projects in Wall Creek Watershed.

Adjacent Road Number Description/Comments Units (acres)

Unit Cost

Total Cost

1104A, 1104B, 284D, 284E, 76598, 9471, 9471A

Decommission skid trails, non system roads, and landings along the roads to be decommissioned 1.0 $2,500 $2,500



Page G-6

Earthquake Creek (17060305-07-16) Earthquake Creek: Activities proposed to improve the existing condition in this watershed include reconditioning of 3.6 miles of road. Earthquake Creek is considered to be on an upward trend for accelerated sediment and watershed condition due to proposed reconditioning on Forest Roads 451 and 451F, along with several short spurs (Forest Roads 76807 and 76809). Gravel placement on three miles of Forest Road 451 would reduce surface sediment. Sediment effects would decrease to existing conditions in three to five years after the planned activities in the Earthquake Creek watershed, showing there are no longterm sediment producing activities.

Table G-8. Watershed Road Improvements in Earthquake Creek Watershed1.

Road Number Improvement Level Description/Comments Units

451 Minor Reconstruction

Reshape surface to ensure adequate drainage, recondition ditch, repair/replace inadequate drainage structures, apply aggregate surfacing and construct gabion for stability.

3.00 miles

451F Minor Reconstruction Reshape surface to ensure adequate drainage, recondition ditch, repair/replace inadequate drainage structures.

0.20 miles


0.13 miles


0.27 miles




Page G-7

Lightning Creek (17060305-07-20) Lightning Creek: Activities proposed to improve the existing condition of this watershed include 5.92 miles of road decommissioning, 1.16 miles of road reconditioning, and 16 acres of soil restoration. Similar to Wall Creek, many of these sites and road miles are located on highly unstable land types, and improvements would result in a lower risk of mass failure and a lower road density. The modeled existing condition sediment for Lightning Creek is seven percent. After road decommissioning and road reconditioning, the modeled post-treatment sediment is also seven percent, showing there are no longterm sediment producing activities. While soil restoration is not modeled in NEZSED, it would also contribute to long-term reduction of sediment.

Table G-9. Existing Roads to be Decommissioned in Lightning Creek.

Road Number

Decommissioning Level Description& Comments Units

(miles) Unit Cost

Total Cost

76760 Abandon Private boundary to terminus 2.42 $500 $1,210

76761 Varied Entire length - decompact road surface, drain wet areas, and remove stream crossings

0.50 $5,000 $2,500

76762 Varied Entire length - decompact road surface, drain wet areas and remove stream crossings

0.20 $5,000 $1,000

76766 Recontour Entire length 0.50 $11,000 $5,500 76767 Recontour Entire length 1.00 $11,000 $11,000

76767A Recontour Entire length 0.50 $11,000 $5,500

9478A Varied Entire length - decompact road surface, drain wet areas and remove stream crossings

0.80 $5,000 $4,000

Table G-10. Watershed Road Improvements in Lightning Creek1.

Road Number Improvement Level Description & Comments Units (miles)

1120 Minor Reconstruction First 1.16 miles – reshape surface to ensure adequate drainage, recondition ditch, repair/replace inadequate drainage structures, and apply aggregate surfacing.

1.16


Table G-11. Soil Restoration Projects in Lightning Creek.

Adjacent Road Number Description & Comments Units (acres)

Unit Cost Cost

76761, 76762, 76766, 76767, 76767A, 9478A

Decommission skid trails, non system roads, and landings along the roads to be decommissioned 16.0 $2,500 $40,000

Table G-12. Meadow Fencing in Lightning Creek.

Location Description & Comments Units (acres)

Unit Cost Cost

Unnamed Lightning Creek headwater stream

Stabilize stream channel by placing large wood, planting vegetation, and fencing channel area to exclude cattle.

1.0 $1,800 $1,800



Page G-8

OTHER WATERSHEDS CURRENTLY MEETING OBJECTIVES WITH PAST, ON-GOING, OR PROPOSED WATERSHED IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS BROWN�S CREEK Forest Road 9448 in Brown’s Creek watershed was partially recontoured and converted to a trail, and the stream crossings on Brown’s Creek and a lower side tributary were removed. Although the stream crossings are still adjusting to stream gradient, with some down-cutting occurring, maintenance of the stream crossings would decrease sediment and contribute towards an upward trend.

CASTLE CREEK Castle Creek is considered on an improving trend due to increased stability in the lower reach where structures placed in the stream have helped stabilize the streambanks and channel. The road reconstruction on Forest Road 451 resulting from the Meadow Face project was a longterm watershed improvement due to a new gravel surface, with increased drainage, and erosion control.

NELSON CREEK AND SHEEP CREEK Sheep Creek and Nelson Creek are considered to be on an improving trend due to weed control, restoring natural fire regimes through landscape scale prescribed burning, and emphasizing preservation and reintroduction of desirable plants in the grassland ecosystem.

SCHWARTZ CREEK The proposed watershed improvements on Forest Road 451, including gravel surfacing and improved drainage, contribute to an upward trend in Schwartz Creek.

DOWNEY CREEK Weed control, landscape burning, and design measures for activities for the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project would contribute to improvement in the watershed and contribute to an upward trend in watershed condition.



Page G-9

ANALYSIS METHODS

NEZSED Summary of NEZSED Model Tests

Nick Gerhardt – 3/7/06

Introduction

NEZSED is a computer model tiered to the R1R4 guidelines (Cline et al. 1981), developed by hydrologists and soil scientists from the Intermountain Research Station and the Northern and Intermountain Regions of the Forest Service. The model is used on the Nez Perce National Forest, utilizing locally-derived coefficients (Harmon et al. 1992)

The model estimates the average annual natural or base rate of sediment yield, and surface erosion sediment yield produced from roads, logging, and fire. The model is limited in that it does not consider the effects of activities on mass erosion greater than 10 cubic yards. It also does not include the effects of grazing and most in-stream and mining activities.

Following are the results of several studies which compared observed (field-sampled) sediment yield data with estimates using the NEZSED model. The comparisons are for average annual sediment yield, which is what the model was designed to estimate. The model has both under and over-predicted relative to observed data. Uncertainties are associated with both the observed and modeled sediment yield estimates. If one accepts the observed data, the model shows a general tendency toward under-prediction.

Gerhardt and King (1987) This study examined data from fifteen first and second order subwatersheds in the Horse Creek Watershed Study. The subwatersheds ranged in size from 0.08 to 0.57 square miles. The time period varied between subwatersheds, but ranged from 1975 through 1985. Data from the pre-treatment period were analyzed, thus the study represents natural sediment yields. NEZSED over-predicted in nine subwatersheds and under-predicted in six subwatersheds. The mean result was that the model over-predicted by 23% compared against measured sediment yield. The mean observed value was 19.7 tons/mi2/year and the mean predicted value was 24.3 tons/mi2/year.

Tests were also performed against data from the Main Fork (6.5 square miles) and East Fork (5.6 square miles) of Horse Creek. During the pre-treatment period, the model over-predicted the Main Fork by 220% and the East Fork by 503%. There is some indication that the measured sediment yields may have been under-estimated due in part to poor estimates of sediment trap efficiency.

Since the Main Fork was treated and the East Fork remained as a control, it was also possible to compare percent over base between measured and modeled sediment yields. From 1979 to 1986, the model averaged 30% over base and the measured yield averaged 47% over base. The modeled peak year occurred in 1979 (89% over base) when the measured yield was 49% over base. The measured peak year occurred in 1981 (61% over base) when the modeled yield had reduced to 12% over base.

Gloss (1995) This study compared observed (field-sampled) and predicted (NEZSED) sediment yields from eight watersheds on the Nez Perce National Forest, ranging in size from 6 to 113 square miles. It was based on eight years of sampled sediment yield data from 1986 through 1993. Six of the watersheds (Red River, South Fork Red River, Trapper Creek, Johns Creek, Little Slate Creek and Rapid River) were instrumented with gaging stations and sediment yield was sampled with automated suspended sediment samplers, depth-integrated suspended sediment samplers and Helley-Smith bedload samplers. Two of the watersheds (Horse Creek and East Fork Horse



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Creek) were instrumented with gaging stations, sediment retention dams and automated suspended sediment samplers.

Model predictions were significantly less than observed values on the six watersheds instrumented with sediment samplers and significantly greater than observed values on the two watershed instrumented with sediment retention dams. The under-predictions for the group of six watersheds averaged 48%. The over-predictions for Horse Creek and East Fork Horse Creek averaged 104%. Discrepancies were hypothesized to be due to errors with both predicted and observed data.

The mean observed value for the six watersheds was 27.6 tons/mi2/year and the mean predicted value was 13.8 tons/mi2/year. The mean observed value for the two Horse Creek watersheds was 11.4 tons/mi2/year and the mean predicted value was 22.6 tons/mi2/year. The mean observed value for all eight watersheds was 23.6 tons/mi2/year and the mean predicted value was 16.0 tons/mi2/year.

Gloss concluded that highly accurate and precise predictions of average annual sediment yields cannot be expected with NEZSED, but that model performance appears similar to other currently used models. His literature review did not reveal any other more accurate sediment yield models which have the capability of to assess alternative forested land use practices and he suggested that models based on the R1/R4 Guide may be the best available technology. He also asserted that uncertainties with NEZSED highlight that professional judgment is the most important component for successful model application and shows the need for continued efforts to improve capabilities to provide quantitative information on sedimentation processes.

Thomas and King (2004) This study examined sediment yield data for gaging stations on Red River (49.7 square miles) and South Fork Red River (38.2 square miles) for eighteen years during the period of 1986 through 2003. Observed data contributing to the analysis were streamflow, depth-integrated suspended sediment samples and Helley-Smith bedload samples. The combined totals of suspended and bedload samples were 400 for Red River and 404 for South Fork Red River. The average annual results for the period of record were compared with NEZSED estimates. In Red River, the model under-predicted by about 26% and in South Fork Red River, the model under-predicted by about 11%. The mean observed value averaging both watersheds was 14.0 tons/mi2/year and the mean predicted value was 11.3 tons/mi2/year.

The authors noted differences in results of this study versus Gloss (1995). This could be in part due to the additional period of record or different techniques used to estimate missing streamflow data and different techniques used to estimate annual sediment yield from observed data. They also recommended additional analysis incorporating samples collected with automated suspended sediment samplers.

USDA Forest Service (1998 and 2001) These studies compared observed and modeled sediment yields for the South Fork Clearwater and Selway Rivers. At the sampling points, the South Fork subbasin is about 830 square miles in area and the Selway subbasin is about 1910 square miles. The field sampling consisted of 52 suspended sediment collected from 1988 to 1992. Bedload sediment was not sampled, but was estimated at 10% of the total sediment yield, based on interpolation from other studies in the Clearwater River basin.

In the South Fork Clearwater River, sediment samples were taken from the Mt. Idaho Bridge, which is located near the Forest boundary. The sediment yield calculated from observed data was about 17,880 tons/year. The NEZSED estimate was about 15,080 tons/year. Thus, the model under-predicted by about 16%. The observed value was 21.5 tons/mi2/year and the predicted value was 18.5 tons/mi2/year.

In the Selway River, sediment samples were taken near the USGS gage at Ohara Creek. The sediment yield calculated from observed data was about 54,900 tons/year. If extrapolated to the



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mouth, based on accrual of an additional 64 square miles of area, the estimate is 55,700 tons/year. Modeled sediment yield was estimated using a combination of NEZSED and R1R4 sediment modeling coefficients developed for landtype associations in areas where landtype mapping was not available. The modeled sediment yield at the mouth of the Selway River was 54,400 tons/year. Thus, the model under-predicted by about 2%. The observed value was 28.2 tons/mi2/year and the predicted value was 27.6 tons/mi2/year.

FISHSED The Guide for Predicting Salmonid Response to Sediment Yields in Idaho Batholith Watersheds (FISHSED model) has been used in this project to predict the effect of sediment yields on stream habitat and fish populations. This model is based on assumptions and has limitations.

The assumptions of the FISHSED model are listed in Appendix A of the model documentation (Stowell et al, 1983). Some of the key assumptions with influence on the limitations of this model include: 1) on those Forests in which mass erosion is a significant hazard, predicted sediment yield will include a mass erosion component. 2) The relative response of salmonid fish populations to increased levels of sediment and percent fines in the substrate as depicted in laboratory studies approximates the response under natural conditions. The model documentation (p. 6) describes studies that support this assumption and others that show some differences.

The FISHSED model has other recognized limitations including: 1) the model simplifies an extremely complex physical and biological system and is developed from limited scientific knowledge (p. 2). The complex sequence of sediment movement from the slopes to the channel, transport down, and deposition in a channel reach, and its effect on fish habitats and populations; have not been fully described (p. 5). 2) The method was developed for watersheds and fish species associated with the Idaho Batholith (p. 4), using data from the Clearwater and Nez Perce National Forest. Given the source of the original data, the model is applicable to the Red Pines Project. 3) The specific fish response curves in this model were partially developed from laboratory experiments and may constitute only partial simulation of natural conditions (p. 6). 4) The model evaluates embryo survival, winter carrying capacity, and summer rearing capacity. While invertebrate insect abundance may be directly affected by sediment, the relationship between sediment deposition and invertebrate production is not included in the model (p.10). 5) The utilization of channel types to stratify fish response, particularly with respect to the modeling of “A” channel types, may not realistically represent changes in fish habitat (p. 21). 6) The model does not include a ‘recovery function’ that predicts the changes in substrate condition based on natural flow events. 7) The model was calibrated to the original Nez Perce Forest sediment model and landtypes, which have been updated since model development. No subsequent testing or validation of the model has occurred on the Forest. 8) The model outputs are reasonable estimates, but are not absolute numbers of high statistical precision (p. 6). As appropriate given this limitation, the model outputs have been used by the fisheries biologists in this project in combination with sound biological judgment.



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Appendix H – Monitoring Plan Page H-1

APPENDIX H MONITORING PLAN

Monitoring is a process of gathering information through observation and measurement to ensure the goals, objectives and standards of the Nez Perce Forest Plan are implemented and to ensure implementation and effectiveness of design or mitigation measures. Appendix H describes: 1) on-going monitoring occurring within the analysis area; and 2) proposed monitoring specific to the proposed actions in this EA.

ON-GOING MONITORING This section summarizes some of the ongoing monitoring that would be used to adjust implementation in response to monitoring findings, where modification would better meet objectives of design measures or Forest Plan standards. These monitoring activities are not required as part of any action alternative proposed with the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project.

FOREST PLAN MONITORING As part of implementing the Nez Perce Forest Plan, the Nez Perce Forest monitors a multitude of effects and conditions within the Forest. The Forest Plan Monitoring items are displayed on pages V-4 through 8 and Appendix O of the Nez Perce Forest Plan. These monitoring activities are applied on a sample basis randomly across the Forest or among projects. Some of that monitoring may occur within the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area. Forest Plan monitoring is reported in an annual monitoring and evaluation report.

HERITAGE MONITORING Monitoring: Where pre-burning activities have been performed (e.g. fuels reduction, hand line construction, back burning, and wrapping) and in specific cases in other types of treatment areas such as salvage or thinning units, monitoring of resource conditions occur during and/or after project implementation. A qualified archaeologist would monitor resource conditions and in the case of burn units, fire personnel would be pre-positioned in strategic locations to protect the resource.

Data Recovery: If project activities are such that none of the mitigation can be performed for a significant site, and no acceptable alternatives exist, then data recovery would be required to protect and document the site. Data recovery or documentation may take the form of archaeological excavation and removal of the resource, documentation of historic structures meeting current professional standards, or some other form of highly intensive documentation may be needed. Data recovery is a measure of last resort and is often time consuming, expensive, and ultimately removes the historic resource from its primary context.

Post-burn Survey: In those areas where there are sites that may benefit from a cool burning, relatively fast moving fire, and/or where long burning, high energy fuels have been removed or not are present, a post fire survey would be recommended to reassess conditions and NRHP eligibility of the resource. A post-burn survey would also help locate and document new features or artifacts previously obscured by surface vegetation.

AQUATIC MONITORING There are current efforts to complete monitoring on the main South Fork Clearwater River in relation to the TMDL. The TMDL Technical Advisory Committee is currently developing the plans.

WEEDS AND NON-NATIVE VEGETATION MONITORING Managed areas are surveyed and treatment and control measures are implemented to minimize expansion of noxious and exotic vegetation as prioritized by the overall Forest weed program. These measures may include mechanical, chemical or biological methods.



Through implementation of the Clearwater Basin Weed Management strategy, several elements are monitored throughout the Clearwater Basin, including the South Fork Clearwater River and the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area. Monitoring focuses on spread or suppression of weeds, and effectiveness of bio-control and herbicide treatments. This monitoring is detailed in Appendix I of the Clearwater Weed Management strategy.

PRESCRIBED FIRE MONITORING The Programmatic Biological Assessment for the Fire Management Program specifies monitoring items for the prescribed fire program (South Fork Clearwater River Biological Assessment 1999, p. 97). These monitoring items include location and size, mortality levels and patch size, and riparian fire intensity. This monitoring occurs for all fire activities relevant to this Biological Assessment. This monitoring would continue, and would also be applicable to prescribed fire activities proposed with this project.

WOLF RECOVERY MONITORING Monitoring of wolf recovery is conducted by the Nez Perce Tribe Wolf Program. Recovery continues and wolf numbers continuing growing. Currently, there are eight wolf packs that inhabit the Nez Perce National Forest. Wolves and a wolf den site have been documented in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project area.

LANDBIRD POPULATION MONITORING In 1993, a USFS Region-wide Landbird Monitoring Program was initiated. Sample plots were established along transects distributed across all 13 National Forests of Region 1. Monitoring of neotropical migrant songbird species diversity and populations is currently being done in partnership with nongame biologists of the Idaho Department of Fish & Game and overseen by researchers from the University of Montana (Hutto and Young 1999).

VEGETATION MONITORING Vegetation monitoring follows Forest Plan Chapter V Table V-1 and Appendix O Item 4, which requires review of silvicultural practices and prescriptions written for these practices. Specific items include size of openings created by timber harvest, amount and success of reforestation activities, and correlation between the practices described in the prescriptions and on-the-ground implementation. Interdisciplinary review teams would review the prescriptions to ensure that goals and objectives of the Forest Plan are being met through the vegetation manipulation practices. Tree stocking surveys would occur for the first, third, and fifth year after regeneration harvest (clearcut) to evaluate reforestation activities.



PROPOSED MONITORING COMMON TO ALL ACTION ALTERNATIVES Two forms of monitoring are proposed for Alternatives 2 and 3, implementation and effectiveness. Monitoring project summary sheets for each proposed monitoring item are found in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project record.

• Implementation monitoring is used to determine if management practices are implemented as planned in the Nez Perce Forest Plan and/or this Environmental Assessment.

• Effectiveness monitoring is used to determine if management practices, as designed and executed, are effective in meeting project objectives, as well as goals, objectives, and standards of the Plan (Nez Perce Forest Plan).

IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING RELATED TO SPECIFIC DESIGN AND MITIGATION MEASURES Implementation monitoring related to specific design and mitigation measures would occur with Alternatives 2 and 3 on a sample basis. This monitoring would be accomplished by an interdisciplinary and/or multi-party team through a combination of any of the following methods:

• Review contract specifications

• Review designs and plans of operation

• Review contract administration reports (daily diaries)

• Review activities on the ground before, during and after implementation.

The following list details the specific items to be monitored from the design and mitigation measure tables in Chapter 2 (Tables 2-2 and 2-3). Numbers correspond to design measures, and letters correspond to mitigation measures.

! Fire and Fuels Management 1

! Riparian Habitat Conservation Areas 2, and 3

! Soil Resources, Watershed, and Fish Habitat 4-11

! Wildlife 14-21, F, G, and H

! Noxious Weeds and TES Plants 24-28, I, and J

! Recreation and Scenery K, and L

ADDITIONAL IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING In addition to the proposed monitoring of design and mitigation measures, the following implementation monitoring would also occur.

MONITORING MAINTENANCE OF TREATED AREAS Section 102(g)(8) of the HFRA requires the USDA Forest Service and DOI BLM to develop a process for monitoring the need to maintain treated areas over time. For example, areas requiring treatment to move from Condition Classes 2 or 3 to Condition Class 1 would also require periodic maintenance treatments. The proposed action and Alternative 3 descriptions already include an estimated maintenance treatment schedule for prescribed burning. As field



units accomplish the proposed activities, they will need to plan for future maintenance and monitor completed projects to ensure that the proposed maintenance treatment schedule is accurate. Maintenance treatments are to be scheduled into the annual program of work. Field units should consider the maintenance workload when assessing their ability to implement fuel treatments.

WEEDS AND NON-NATIVE VEGETATION Ensure mitigation and approved protocol is followed, document expansion of known weed sites, and record new sites. Monitor for new weed sites and control as soon as possible. Pre and post disturbance survey exams will be conducted for noxious weeds within high and extreme risk sites. Post survey exams will be at one and three years after disturbance activities.

EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING RELATED TO SPECIFIC DESIGN AND MITIGATION MEASURES The purpose of this effectiveness monitoring is to determine if design and mitigation measures achieve their objectives. Effectiveness monitoring related to specific design and mitigation measures would occur with Alternatives 2 and 3 on a sample basis. Effectiveness monitoring would be accomplished using established protocols specific to each criterion, issue or indicator. This monitoring would be accomplished by an interdisciplinary and/or multi-party team.

The following list details the specific items to be monitored from the design and mitigation measure tables in Chapter 2 (Tables 2-2 and 2-2). Numbers correspond to design measures, and letters correspond to mitigation measures.

! Riparian Habitat Conservation Areas 2, 3

! Soil Resources, Watershed, and Fish Habitat 4-11

! Wildlife 14, 15, F, G, and H

! Noxious Weeds and TES Plants 24-28, I, and J

! Recreation and Scenery K, and L

ADDITIONAL EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING In addition to the proposed monitoring of design and mitigation measures, the following effectiveness monitoring would also occur.

COLLABORATIVE MULTIPARTY MONITORING Section 102(g)(5) of the HFRA instructs the USDA Forest Service and DOI BLM to establish a collaborative multiparty monitoring, evaluation, and accountability process when significant interest is expressed in such an approach. The process will be used to assess the positive or negative ecological and social effects of authorized fuel reduction projects.

The Clearwater Ranger District includes diverse stakeholders, including interested citizens and Tribes in this monitoring and evaluation process. The requirement for multiparty monitoring is not directly connected to the requirements for monitoring a representative sample of projects, but shall be used where “significant interest is expressed,” in the judgment of the field unit involved. Multiparty monitoring will be subject to available funding and the ability of stakeholders to contribute funds or in-kind services.

The Clearwater Ranger District has already identified and engaged stakeholders in the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project (See Section 1.7). Following the Blacktail Fuels Reduction project analysis, the Forest Service and stakeholders interested in participating in monitoring



implementation and effectiveness would revisit project goals, define measurable outcomes, and develop and fund a monitoring plan. An excellent publication on protocols and guidelines for multiparty monitoring of community-based forest restoration projects is available at the Collaborative Forest Restoration Program Web site: http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/spf/cfrp/monitoring/. Additional information on multiparty monitoring is available online at: http://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/index.shtml (click on the Stewardship Contracting Success Stories link there) and http://www.pinchot.org/community.html.

SOIL RESOURCES, WATERSHED, AND FISH HABITAT Road Decommissioning: Report findings in forest monitoring report.

Effectiveness of Road Decommissioning and Soil Restoration to Reduce Erosion Sources: Identify sample monitoring sites before and after activities, using photos and characterization.

Effectiveness of road decommissioning to recover native vegetation: Perform vegetation frequency and cover plats three years after decommissioning.

WEEDS AND NON-NATIVE VEGETATION Monitor long term weed expansion on several high or extreme sites in proposed maintenance prescribed burn areas to determine effectiveness of weed mitigation. An approved protocol would be followed.





Appendix I – Maps Page I-1

APPENDIX I MAPS

Map Number

Map Description Map Location

1 Vicinity Map for Blacktail Fuels Reduction Project Chapter 1 2 The Project Area for Blacktail Fuels Reduction Chapter 1 3 Current Road Management in the Project Area Appendix I 4 Proposed Activities for the Proposed Action (Alternative 2) Appendix I 5 Proposed Activities for Alternative 3 Appendix I 6 Past Harvest and Road Construction by Decade Appendix I 7 Current Fuel Models Appendix I 8 Historic Fire Regimes Appendix I 9 Current Condition Classes Appendix I

10 Vegetation Response Units Appendix I 11 Subwatersheds and Riparian Habitat Conservation Areas Appendix I 12 Landslide Prone Areas with Alternative 3 Mechanical Fuel

Treatment Appendix I

13 Wall Creek Water Intake and Clearwater Water District Boundary Appendix I 14 Wildlife Habitat Aggregations Appendix I 15 Old Growth Analysis Areas Appendix I 16 Bald Eagle Essential Habitat Appendix I 17 Elk Evaluation Areas with Existing Road Access Appendix I 18 Habitat Susceptibility to Weed Colonization Appendix I 19 Weed Expansion Risk Zones Appendix I 20 Inventoried Weed Occurrences with Alternative 3 Proposed

Activities Appendix I

21 Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Classes Appendix I 22 Adopted Visual Quality Objectives Appendix I 23 Recreation Features Appendix I