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YA ET NAY 1251 YEVEN
Y.Y A ET NAY. In old records. Mereassertion and denial, without
oath.YACHT. A light sea-going vesse], used
only fo r IJleasure-trips, racing, etc. Webster.See 22 St . at
Large, 566; Hev. St. U. s. 4215--4218.YARD. A measllreof length,
containing
three feet, or thirty-six inches.A piece of land inclosed for
the use and ac.-commodation of the inhabitants of a house.YARDLAND,
or virgata te1'TOJ, is a quantity of land, said by some to be
twenty acres,
bu t by Coke to be of uncertain extent.YEA AND NAY. Yes and DO.
Accord
in g to a charter of Athelstan, the people ofRipon were to be
believed in all actions or8uits upon tlleir yea and nay, without
thenecessity of taking any oath. :Brown.
YEAR. The period in which the revolution of the earth round the
sun, and the accompanying changes in the order of nature.are
completed. Generally. when a statutespeaks of a year, twelve
calendar. and no tlunar, montlls are intended. Cro. Jac. 166.Tlle
year is either astronomical, ecclesiastical.or regnal, beginning on
th e 1s t of January.or 25th of March, or the day of the
sovereign'saccession. ,\Vharton.
YEAR AND DAY. This period wasfixed for many purposes in Jaw.
Thus, intbe case of an estray . if the ow ner did no tclaim i t
witliin that time, it became the property of the lord. So tbe
owners of wreckmust claim it within ay esr and aelay. Deathmust
follow upon wounding within a yearand a day if the wounding is to
be indictedas murder. Also, ayearaud aday were givenfor
prosecutingor aVOiding certain legal acts;e. g. , for bringing
actions after entry, formaking claim foravoiding a fine, etc. Brown
.
YEAR BOOKS. Books of reports otcases in a regular series from
the reign of theEnglish King Edward I inclusive. to thetime of
Henry VIII., which were taken bythe prothonotaries or chief scribes
of th ecourts, at t.be expEmse of the crown, and published
annually; whence their name. "YearBooks." Brown.
YEAR, DAY, AND WASTE. In En glish law. An ancient prerogative of
the
king. whereby he was entitled to the profits.for a year and a
day. of the lands of persoDIIattainted of petty treason or felony.
togetherwith the right of wasting the tenements, aft-.erwards
restoring the property to the lord atthe fee. Abrogated by St. 54
Geo. Ill . c.145. Wharton.
YEAR TO YEAR, TENANCY FROM.This estate arises either expressly,
8S whenland is let from year to year; or by a generalparol demise.
without any determinate interest, .bu t reserving the payment of an
annualrent; or impliedly. as when property is OeCUpied generally
under a rent payable yearly,half.yearly. or quarterly; or when 8
tenantbolds over. after the expiration of his term.without having
entered into any new contract, anel pays rent, (before which he is
ten.ant on sufferance.) Wharton.
YEARS, ESTATE FOR. See EeTATBFOR YEAltS.
YEAS AND NAYS. The affirmativeand negative votes on a bill or
measure before a legislative assembly. "Calling theyeas and nays"
is calling for the individualand oral vote of each member, usually
upona call of the roll.
YEME. In old records. Winter a corruption of the Latin II
hi.eme."
YEOMAN . In English law. A commoner; a freeholder under th e
rank of gen tleman. Cowell. A man who has free landof forty
shillings by the year; who was anCiently thereby qualified to serve
on juries,vote fol' knights of the shire, an d do any otheract.
wheJ'e the law requires one that is pro-bus et legalis homo. 1 BI.
Comm. 406, 407.
This t erm is occasionally used in Americanlaw. but without any
definite meaning.
YEOMANRY. The collecled body of yeomen.YEOMEN OF THE GUARD.
Propel'ly called "yeomen of the guard of the royalhousehold;" a
body of men of the best rank
under the gentry, and of a larger stature thaDorelinary, every
Olle being required to be sixfeet high. Enc. Lond.
YEVEN, or YEOVEN. Given; dated.Cowell.
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YIELD 1252 YVERNAIL BLEN YIELD, in the law of feal property, Is
toperform 8 service due by a tenant to his lord.Hence the usual
form of reservation of arent in a lease begins with the words
"yield-o ug and paying." .sweet.p
YIELDING AND PAYING. In con-veyancing. The initial word, of that
clausein leases in which the rent to be paid by thelessee is
mentioned and reserved.YOKE LET. .A little farm, requiring buta
yoke of oxen to till it.YORK, OUST OM OF. A custom ofQ the province
of York in England, by whichthe effects of an intestate, after
payment ofhis debts. are in general divided according tothe ancient
uni versal doctrine of the parIraUonabilis,' that is. one-third
each to theR widow, children. and administrator. 2
Bl.Camm.518.YORK, STATUTE OF. An ImportantEnglish statute passed at
the city of York,S In the twelfth year of Ed ward II contain
ing proTisions on the subject of attorneys,
Tuvwxy
witness. . the taking ot Inquests by nisI prl-UB, etc. 2 Reeve,
Eng. Law, 299--802-
YORKSHIRE REGISTRIES. Theregistries of titles to land provided
by acts otparliament for the ridings ot the county otYork in
England. These resemble the officesfor the registration or
recording of deedscommonly established in the several countiesof
the states.
YOUNGER CHILDREN. This phrase,when used in English con veyancing
with ref .erence to settlements of land, signifies aUBuch children
as are not entitled to the rightsof an eldest Bon. I t therefore
includesdaughters, even those who are older than theeldest SOD.
Mozley & Whitley.
YOUTH. This word may Include childrenand youth of both sexes. 2
Cush. 519, 528.YULE. The times of Christmas and
Lammas.YVERNAIL BLE. L.Fr. Wlnte.grain. Kelbam.
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ZEALOT 1253
z.ZEALOT. This word Is commonly takenin a bad sense, as denoting
a. separatist from
th e Church of England, or a fanatic. Brown.ZEALOUS WITNESS. An
untechnlcal term denoting a witness, on tlle trial of acause, who
manifests a partialUy for theside calling hiro. and an eager
readiness totell anything which he thinks may be of advantage to
that side.ZErB. O. Sc. Year. "ZeiT and day"Bell.ZEMINDAR. In Hindu
laIV. Land.keeper. An officer who under the Mohammedan government
was charged with the
financial superintendence of the lands of adistrict. the
protection of the cultivators, andthe realization of the
government's abare otit s produce. either in money or
kind.Wharton.
ZETETICK. Proceeding by Inquiry.Ene. Lond.ZIGARI, or ZINGARI.
Rogues andvagabondS in Ule middle agee; from Zigi,
now Circaasia.
ZOLL-VEREm. A UDloD 01 Germanstates for uniformity of customs,
establishedin 1819. I t continued until the un ificationof the
German empire, including Prussia.Saxony. .Bavaria, Wurtemberg.
Baden,Hesse-Cassel, Brunswick. and MecklenburgStrelitz, and all
intermediate principalities.I t bas now been superseded by the
Germs::]'empire; and the federal council of theempire has taken the
place of that of theZollVerelo. Wharton.
ZYGOCEPHALUM. In the civil law .A measure or quantity of land.
Nov. 17. c.8. As mucb land asa yoke of oxen couldplOW In a day.
Calvin.
Z Y G O S T A E S . In the civil law. AweIgher; an officer who
held or looked to thebalance in weighing money between buyerand
seller; an otllcer appOinted to determinecontroversies about the
weight of money.Spelman.ZYTHUM. Lat. A liquor or beveragemede of
wbeat or barley. Dig. 33. 6. 9. pro
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