Bits and Bytes Or—A little bit of these and

a little bit of that

Computer Measurement

Binary Numbering System

Represented with a 0 or 1

Only two digits in binary

With computers Represents a current

flowing through a circuit.

On a 0 it is not. On a 1 it is

Decimal– Base 10

Digits 0-9

Can you figure out the joke?

There are 10 Kinds of People

Those who understand binary and Those

who do not.

Can you explain this? We will come back

to it later

Units

Bit—Smallest unit. A single binary digit

1

Nibble—4 Bits

0110

Byte—8 Bits

0110 1111 (Helps to leave a space

between every four and to not drop

leading 0)

Places In Binary

Each Bit holds two Places

One BIT Has two possible Values

0

1

Places In Binary

Two Bits Has 4 possible Values

0 0

01

10

11

Therefore Each Bit DOUBLES the value.

How many Values would 3 Bits Have?

Translate to Decimal

Because each bit represents 2 values to

represent 1, add 2^0 Power 2^7 2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0

Decim

al

128

64

32 16 8 4 2 1

Can you explain it now?

There are 10 Kinds of People

Those who understand binary and Those

who do not.

10 In Binary is 2: Thus it now reads: There

are 2 kinds of people. Those who

understand binary and those who do not.

Games

BITS Very much in use with Games

8 Bit Games could only have 256 Colors

Bits 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Dec 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2

Powe

r

2^8

2^7

2^6 2^5 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1

• Which Gaming

Systems were 8

Bit?

• Nintendo

• Sega

16 Bit Games

1111-1111-1111-1111

65,535 Colors Possible

Sega Genesis and Super Nintendo

Bits measure different things Color Depth—How many Colors can be

displayed IE 8 Bit color Depth is 256 Colors

CPU– 32 Bit indicates the number of connections, busses, etc—Basically how many calculations or things it can have going at once. Higher the bits—More powerful the CPU

Bits no longer an accurate measure for a game. It may have 128 graphics, but a 64 bit processor

Too Big to Count

A 64-bit register can store 264 (over 18

quintillion or 1.8×1019) different values. Hence,

a processor with 64-bit memory addresses

can directly access 264 bytes (=16 exabytes)

of memory or 16.7 Billion Gigabytes

Perspective—If you had 1 Billion pennies and

had to put them in jars. Assuming you could

move 1 penny per second, it would take you

over 31 years—Assuming you never slept.

Displays

OLD TVS—4 *3 Ratio Square 704 x 480

Pixels

Wide Screen 16 * 9 Ratio Rectangular

1920 X 1080 Pixel

128 Bit Games

Play Station 3

PS 4

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How those Signals get set

Electrical impulses sent through a wire

All Electronics have a Circuit board.

Board of Silicon—Semi conductor

Wires—Copper A conductor

Start with a wafer of silicon coated with Copper

A printing Process takes unwanted copper off the wafer leaving Strips of copper which forms wires

Catch the Wave

Analog signals

are indicated in a

SINE wave. They

have variance.

Digital signals

have two values

ON or OFF Peaks

represent ON

Valleys OFF

Black Lines

Represent the

Copper Wires

The “printer”

removes the

copper in

designated

areas.

Printed Circuit Board

Many Wires are thinner than a human hair

The Future of Data Storage DNA

Yes, as in deoxyribonucleic acid which contains the genetic instructions to make you, you

Scientist have found that a single gram of DNA can store 700 Terabytes of Data. Equivalent to 14,000 Blu-Ray Disc

Read about it here:http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/134672-harvard-cracks-dna-storage-crams-700-terabytes-of-data-into-a-single-gram