Birth Control OptionsHope is not a method…….

Child Development

History•Chinese Cocktail- combination

of lead and mercury•First condoms-made of sheep

an goat intestines•Romans used to use lemon

wedges •Teen Pregnancy epidemic in

Australia in the 90’s found that teens were using candy wrappers as condoms

Question?

•How many types or forms of birth control are there?

Types of Birth Control

•Behavioral▫Abstinence▫Fertility Awareness Methods

•Hormonal▫Birth Control Pills, Nuva Ring▫Depo Provera Shot, Plan B Pill▫Patch, Norplant, Lunelle

•Barrier▫Condoms, Diaphrams, IUD’s, Spermicides

Question?

•What do we need to know about the different birth control methods?

Behavioral

•Way of life, requires dedication•Only used when pregnancy would not be a

burden or detrimental

Abstinence

•The decision to not have sex•100% Effective

Fertility Awareness Method

•Tempurature▫Ovulation increases body temperature

by .4-.8 degrees•Mucus Consistency

▫Mucus at cervix becomes thicker•Calendar

▫Must be accurate record keeper and have a regular cycle

▫20 out of 100 women become pregnant

Hormonal

•Prevents ovulation from occuring•Thickens mucus at cervix=prevents

sperm from passing through•Prevents implantation

Birth Control Pills

•1st available in 1956•Synthetic hormones (estrogen and

progestin)•Most packs are 21 progestin pills and 7

placebo pills▫Balance hormone level=take at the same

time each day

▫1 out of 100 become pregnant if taken perfectly

▫5 out of 100 become pregnant on average

Seasonale

•Oral contraceptive pill that supresses your period to 4 times a year instead of 13

•Active drug taken for 84 days•Placebo taken for 7 days

Birth Control Pills

•Advantages▫Reversible▫Regulates periods, decreases cramps▫No interference during intercourse

•Disadvantages▫Human error▫Side effects▫Medical concerns for some women▫DOES NOT PROTECT AGAINST STI’S

Depo Provera

•Long-acting form of progestin given by injection

•Injection every 3 months•Prevents ovulation•Changes period•Reversible—can take up to 18 months to

get pregnant

•Side effects-weight gain and hair loss•1 out of 100 become pregnant

Lunelle

•Monthly inhjection of synthetic hormone

•1 out of 100 become pregnant

•Side effects can be weight gain and higher blood pressure

•Was recalled in 2002

Patch

•Dosage▫Prevents ovulation▫3 weeks with patch (1 each week)▫1 week without patch= week of period

▫8 out of 100 become pregnant

Nuva Ring

•Plastic ring contains estrogen and progestin

•Continuous low dosage release•Dosage

▫3 weeks with ring inserted▫1 week without ring▫2 out of 100 become pregnant

Plan B Emergency Pills

•1st pill taken within 72 hours•2nd pill takein within 12 hours of first pill•Delays or prevents fertilization or inhibits

implantation

•Side effects= nausea, cramps, vomitting

•25 out of 100 become pregnant

Norplant

•Six silicone tubes surgically inserted under skin

•Releases low dose of hormone into blood stream

•Lasts five years

Barrier Method

•Prevents sperm from reaching uterus•Prevents fertilized egg from implanting•Kills Sperm

Male Condom

•Made of latex, rubber, or animal skin•Offers good protection from STI’s•18 out of 100 become pregnant

Female Condom

•Made of Polyurethane (stronger than latex)

•Protects from “inside out”

•21 out of 100 become pregnant

Diaphram

•Latex barrier•Inserted before intercourse•Medically measured•Used in combination with spermicide•Changes:

▫Weight loss/gain▫Pregnancy of miscarriage

▫20 out of 100 become pregnant

IUD

•Intrauterine device•Immobilizes sperm or prevents

implantation•Medically inserted into uterus lasts up to

12 yrs•Disadvantages: spotting, cramping,

infections

•4 out of 100 become pregnant

Spermicides

•Nonoxynol- kills sperm•Forms available: foams, gels,

suppositories•Must be inserted into vagina 15 minutes

before intercourse•Most effective when used in combination

with a barrier method

•26 out of 100 become pregnant

Sterilization•Male: Vasectomy

▫Vas Deferens: cut and tied or burned

▫Prevents sperm from being released

▫Caution: “leftover” sperm•Female: Tubal Ligation

▫Fallopian Tubes: cut, tied, or burned surgically

▫Prevents egg from passing into uterus

Suggestions

•Take charge of your reproductive health▫Pap Smears=early detection

of cervical cancer▫Get tested before beginning

sexual activity with a new partner

▫DON’T BE A FOOL…WRAP YOUR TOOL!