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Jose Rizal :Life

Chapter 1: June 19, 1861 birth date of Jose Rizal

Born in Calamba, Laguna Province

June 22, 1861 baptismal of Rizal

nickname Pepe

the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius

Advent of a National Hero

Father Rufino Collantes - baptized Rizal

Father Pedro Casaas - Rizals godfather

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda

Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery the governor general of the Philippines when Rizal was born

Meanings of name Jose - was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint SanJose (St. Joseph)Protacio - TAKEN FROM THE ALMANAC IN CONSIDERATION OF THE DAY OF HIS BIRTH from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendarMercado- adoptedin1731byDomigoLamco(thepaternalgreat-great-grandfather of Jose Rizal) which theSpanish term mercado means market inEnglishRizal - from the word Ricial in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while stillgreen, sprouts again Alonzo- old surname of his motherY - andRealonda - itwas used byDoa Teodora from thesurname ofher godmotherbased on the culture by

Rizals Parents

Francisco Mercado Rizal

Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandra II Born on May 11, 1818/Died on Jan. 5 1898 (80) Born in Bian, Laguna June 28, 1848, he married Teodora the youngest of the 13 children of Cirila Alejandro and Juan Mercado

Francisco Mercado Rizal

he studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila. He moved to Calamba and became a tenant farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda.He was a hardy independent-minded man, who talked less and worked more and was a strong in body and valiant in spirit.

Teodora Alonzo Realonda Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos Born on November 9, 1827/Died on Aug.16,1911 (85) Rizals first teacher second child ofLorenzo AlonsoandBrigida de Quintos went to College of Sta. Rosa

Teodora Alonzo RealondaShe was a remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability and the fortitude of Spartan women.Rizal lovingly said of her My mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture, she knows literature and speaks Spanish better than I. She corrected my poems and gave me good advise when I was studying rhetoric. She is a mathematician and has read many books.

The Rizal Children10

Siblings of Francisco Mercado and Teodora AlonZoSATURNINA RIZAL(1850-1913)Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.PACIANO RIZAL(1851-1930)Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. He had two children by his mistress.NARCISA RIZAL(1852-1939)The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician. Her pet name was Sisa.

Siblings of Francisco Mercado and Teodora AlonZoOLYMPIA RIZAL(1855-1887)The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth. Ypia was her pet name.LUCIA RIZAL(1857-1919)The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa. MARIA RIZAL(1859-1945)The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Bian, Laguna.JOSE RIZAL(1861-1896)The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896. The greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius; his nickname was Pepe

CONCEPCION RIZAL(1862-1865)The eight child. Died at the age of three due to sickness. Her pet name was Concha. Her death was Rizals first sorrow in life.JOSEFA RIZAL(1865-1945)The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster. Her pet name was Panggoy; she died an old maid at the age of 80.TRINIDAD RIZAL(1868-1951)The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die. Trining was her pet name. She died an old maid at the age of 83.SOLEDAD RIZAL(1870-1929)The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero. eHer pet name was Choleng.

SaturninaPacianoNarcisa

Olimpia

Lucia

Mariasiblings14

Concepcion(died at 3)

Jose

Josefa

SoledadTrinidad(unmarried)siblings15

As a little boy, Rizal used to play games with his sisters. Although he had boyish quarrels with them he respected them. Years later when he grew to manhood, he always called them Donya or Senyora(if married) and Senyorita (if single).

Rizals relation with his only brother Paciano, who has ten years his senior, was more than that of younger to older brother. Paciano was a second father to him.

Ancestry Paternal Side

As typical Filipino, Rizal was a product of the mixture of races. In his veins flowed the blood of both East and West. Predominantly, he was a Malayan and was a magnificent specimen of Asian manhood. Rizal's great-great grandfather on his father side was Domingo Lameo, a Chinese immigrant from the Fukien city of Changchow, who arrived in Manila in about 1690. He became a Christian , married a well-to-do Chinese Christian Girl of Manila named Ines de la Rosa, and assumed in 1731 the surname Mercado, which was appropriate for him because he was a merchant.

The Spanish term mercado means "market" in English. Domingo Mercado and Ines de la Rosa had a son, Francisco Mercado, who resided in Bian, married a Chinese-Filipino mestiza, Cirila Bernacha, and was electedgobernadorcillo of the town. One their sons, Juan Mercado, Rizal's grandfather, married Cirila Alejandro, a Chinese-Filipino mestiza. Like his father, he was electedgobernadorcilloof Bian.CapitanJuan andCapitana Cirila had thirteen children, the youngest being Francisco Mercado, Rizal's Father.

At the age of eight, Francisco Mercado lost his father and grew up to manhood under the care of his mother. He studied Latin and Philosophy in the College of San Jose in Manila. While studying in Manila, He met and fell in love with Teodora Alonso Realonda, a Student in the College of Santa Rosa. They were married on June 28, 1848. After which they settle down in Calamba, where they engaged in farming and business and reared a big family.

Ancestry Maternal Side

It is said that Doa Teodora's family descended from Lakandula, the last native king in Tondo. Her great-grandfather, Rizal's maternal great-great-grandfather, Eugenio Ursua (of Japanese ancestry), who married a Filipina named Benigna (surname unknown).

Their daughter, Regina, married Manuel de Quintos, Filipino-Chinese lawyer from Pangasinan. One of the daughters of Atty. Quintos and Regina was Brigida, who married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, a prominent Spanish-Filipino mestizo of Bian. Their children were Narcisa, Teodora (Rizal's mother), Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose.

Multiracial AncestrySpanish

Chinese

Japanese

Malay

THE SURNAME RIZALThe real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great-grandfather of Jose Rizal), who was a full-blooded Chinese. Rizals family acquired a second surname Rizal which was given by a Spanishalcalde mayorof Laguna, who was a family friend. Thus said Dr. Rizal, in his letter to Blumentritt (without date or place)

I am the only Rizal because at home my parents, my sisters, my brother, and my relatives have always preferred our old surname Mercado. Our family name was in fact Mercado, but there were many Mercados in the Philippines who are not related to us. It is said that an alcalde mayor, who was a friend of our family added Rizal to our name. My family did not pay much attention to this, but now I have to use it. In this way, it seems that I am an illegitimate son.

The Rizal HomeThe house of the Rizal family, where the hero was born, was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during Spanish times. It was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods, and roofed with red tiles. It is described by Dr. Rafael Palma, one of Rizals prestigious biographers, as follows:

The Rizal HomeThe house was high and even sumptuous, a solid and massive earthquake-proof structure with sliding shell windows. Thick walls of lime and stone bounded the first floor; the second floor was made entirely of wood except for the roof, which was of red tile, in the style of the buildings in Manila at the time At the back there was an azotea and a wide, deep cistern to hold rain water for home use.

The Rizal Home

Behind the house were the poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and a big garden of tropical fruit trees atis, balimbing, chico, macopa, papaya, santol, tampoy, etc.

The Rizal HomeIt was happy home where parental affection and childrens laughter reigned. By day, it hummed with the noises of children at play and the songs of the birds in the garden. By night, it echoed with the soothing notes of family prayers. Such a wholesome home, naturally, bred a wholesome family. And such family was the Rizal family.

Home life of the RizalThe Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy life. In consonance with Filipino custom, family ties among the Rizals were intimately close. Don Frincisco and Doa Teodora loved their children, but they never spoiled them. They were strict parents and they trained their children to love God, to behave well, to be obedient, and to respect people, especially the old folks.

Home life of the RizalWhenever the children, including Jose Rizal, got into mischief, they were given a sound spanking. Evidently, they believed in the maxim: Spare the rod and spoil the child.

Home life of the Rizal

Everyday the Rizals (parents and children) heard Mass in the town church, particularly during Sundays and Christian Holidays. They prayed together daily at home the Angelus at sunset and the rosary before retiring to bed at night. After the family prayers, all the children kissed the hands of their parents.

Home life of the Rizal

Life was not, however, all prayers and church services for the Rizal children. They were given ample time and freedom to play by their strict and religious parents. They played merrily in the azotea or in the garden by themselves. The older ones were allowed to play with the children of other families.

Birth and Early ChildhoodIn Calamba, Laguna:

19 June 1861 birth22 June 1861 baptized1864 - learned the alphabet from his mother 1865 - his sister Conception (8th child) died at the age of three

Birth and Early Childhood

1865 1867 - his mother taught him how to read and write Uncle Leon Monroy - taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin Uncle Manuel Alberto - taught the latter love for the natureUncle Gregorio - instilled love for education 1869 - "Sa Aking Mga Kabata."

Birth and Early Childhood

In Bian, Laguna :

1870 - His brother Paciano brought Rizal to Bian, Laguna Justiniano Aquino Cruz taught Rizal Latin and Spanish Juancho Carrera taught him the art of painting17 December 1870 - Rizal returned to Calamba after he finished his studies in Bian

Birth and Early Childhood

Back in Calamba:

1871 - His mother was imprisoned in Sta. Cruz, Laguna for allegedly poisoning the wife of Jose Alberto 1872 - Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872;

Injustice to the Heros MotherIn 1872, Doa Teodora was arrested on a malicious charge that she aided her brother Jose Alberto in trying to poison his wifeJose Alberto planned to divorce his wife because of her infidelity

Injustice to the Heros MotherJose Albertos wife connived with the Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and filed a case against Rizals motherAntonio Vivencio del Rosario gobernadorcillo of Calamba, helped the lieutenant arrest Doa Teodora

Injustice to the Heros Mother50 kilometers Doa Teodora was made to walk from Calamba to the provincial prison in Santa Cruz

Injustice to the Heros MotherDon Francisco de Marcaida & Don Manuel Mazano most famous lawyers of Manila, defended Doa Teodora in courtAfter 2 years the Royal Audiencia acquitted Doa Teodora