BIRO History of Writing Spain

8/9/2019 BIRO History of Writing Spain

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Lszl BirHe was the inventor of the ballpoint pen, he

was born in Budapest on September 29th .


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He got annoyed with fountain pens

because they didnt work well. The ink dried quickly in paper but

sometimes there were smudges and it got

dirty.


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The ballpoint pen Working with his brother Gyrgy, a

chemist, he fitted a ball in the tip of a pen.

The ball was free to turn.

As the pen moved along the paper, theball rotated and left the ink.


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The

mechanism


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His brother helped to develop a proper ink.

Bir patented his pen in 1938 in Paris. A German manufacturer bought it in 1939.


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In 1939 the family emigrated from Hungary toParis and then to Argentina.

His ballpoint pen was successful, andestablished Bir Pens ofArgentina.

In Argentina they call it Birome.


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Balls that work well were made bya Swedish company.

In France they were called Bic(Bir Crayon)

The British Royal Air Force used itduring the war, because theyneeded pens that would not leakink in high altitudes.


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World-wide success The Bir pen won a World-Wide

reputation.

In English speaking countries people call

the ball pen biro. September 29th Biros birthday is

celebrated as Argentine inventors day.

Biro died in November 29

th

1985 inBuenos Aires.


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A SHORT HISTORY OF WRITING

AND I

TS INS

TRUMEN

TSNot one of these writers was able to enjoy a

pen with its own ink:

Aristophanes (ca. 446 ca. 386)

William Shakespeare (26thApril 1564 23rdApril 1616)

Charles Dickens (7th February 1812 9th June 1870)


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We dont know if the literary quality of these

writers would have improved by using a pen.We are going to see how the pen developed:

The history of writing instruments is the

history of civilization itself.


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Human beings have

always needed writing

to record thoughts and

feelings. Or also tocontrol reality, express

their identity or write the

food list for the

supermarket.


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The cave man scratched pictures with a

pointed stone on the walls.

The cave drawings represented events in

daily life.

Also they had religious meanings.

The first writing instrument


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The discovery of CLAY made portable

records possible.

Merchants used clay tokens to record the

materials sold or shipped.

That was about 8500 B.C.


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The PICTOGRAPHS or PICTOGRAMS werepictures of the real world.

Pictograms have been found in Egypt,Mesopotamia around 3000 B.C. and China around1500 B.C.

The alphabet replaced pictographs between 1700and 1500 B.C.

Nowadays the equivalent of a pictograph would bea road sign.


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Other ways of writing were:

1) The cuneiform: meaning wedge-shaped.

It developed around the 4th millenniumB.C. in cultures such Sumerians,

Babylonians, Assyrians


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2) The Egyptian Hieroglyphic:

Hieroglyphic is a Greek word meaningsacred carving. It was used mainly intemples and tombs.


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The Rosseta Stone, discovered by

Napoleon, is in the BritishM

useum, andhas hieroglyphic symbols and Greek

letters.


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3) The Logographic writing system:

They use symbols that represent words. They are used in China and Japan.

Students need to learn about 2000

characters.


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THE ALPHABETIC

WRITING The alphabetic writing is the most

economic and adaptable system.

You only need a small number of units. Most alphabets contain between 20 and

30 symbols.

Usually one letter refers to one sound.

The earliest alphabet was the Semitic,developed around 1700 BC in Palestineand Syria.


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The Hebrew, Arabic and Phoenician

alphabets were based on this model. Around 1000 B.C, Phoenician was used

as a model for Greek alphabet.

Arabic Hebrew Cyrillic


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NEW ALPHABETS FROM OLD:

Around 800 BC Greek was the model for

Etruscan.

The letters of the Roman alphabet came

from Etruscan.

Roman alphabet was the model for all the

western alphabets.

Roman Greek


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WRITING WITH PEN

AND PAPER The earliest means of writing that wassimilar to pen and paper was developed

by Greeks.

They used a stylus,made of metal, bone orivory to place marks on

wax tablets.The Chinese invented andperfected the Indian Ink.


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The ink was a mixture of soot from pine

smoke and lamp oil mixed with thegelatine of donkey skin and musk.

Other cultures developed ink using natural

dyes and colours from berries, plants and

minerals.


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THE INTRODUCTION OF

PA

PER The early Egyptians, Romans, Greeks and

Hebrews used papyrus and parchment

paper.

The Romans created a pen from a

bamboo


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WOOD PAPER


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Paper made of wood, was invented in

China in 105 A.D. It was brought to Spainby the Arabs in 711 A.D.

Paper was not used in Europe until paper

mills were built in the 14th century.


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THE QUILL PEN


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The quill pen is the writing instrument that

dominated for the longest period of history. It was made from a bird feather.

The strongest were taken from living birds

in the spring. The left wing feathers were prefered for

the right-handed writer.


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Goose feathers were common. Also from

swans, crows, eagles, owls, hawks and

turkeys.


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Plant-fiber paper became the primary

medium for writing after JohannesGutenberg invented the printing press.

Gutenberg used replaceable wooden or

metal letters.


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Simpler kinds of printing had been used in

China.

When writers had better ink and paper, the

development of the modern fountain penwas ready.


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Ball point pen

VSFountain pen


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-Lewis Waterman patented

the first practical fountainpen in 1884.

-The fountain pen's design

came after a thousand years

of using quill-pens.

-The ink cartridge was

introduced around 1950.


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-It was disposable, pre-filled plastic or glass

cartridge designed for clean and easy insertion.

-They were an immediate success.

-Fountain pens sell today as a classic writing

instrument.


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-But the introduction of the ballpoints,

however, overshadowed the invention ofthe cartridge and was bad business for the

fountain pen industry.


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-Today, the popular modern version of

Laszlo Biro's pen, the BIC Crystal, has adaily world wide sales figure of 14,000,000

pieces.

-Biro is still the name used for the ballpoint

pen in most of the world.

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BIRO History of Writing Spain