Biotrophic fungi from Kenya. Ten new species and some new ...dzumenvis.nic.in/Taxonomy/pdf/Biotrophic fungi from Kenya.pdf · Biotrophic fungi from Kenya. Ten new species and some

Cryptogamie, Mycol., 1999, 20 (4): 249-282 0 1999 Adachditions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits reserves

249

Biotrophic fungi from Kenya. Ten new species and some new records of Meliolaceae

Richard K.. MIBEY” & Paul E CANNOlvb

aDepartment of Botany, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya [email protected]

bCABI Bioscience, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9q UK fax 00 44 1491829100; [email protected]

(Received 15 July 1999, accepted 20 September 1999)

Abstract - As part of a research programme studying the diversity of fungi associated with rare plants in Kenya, nine new species of Meliola and one of Cryptomeliola associated with seven plant families are described and illustrated. They include Meliola craterispermi, M. dendroseta, M. fragrans, M. kakamegensis, M. longiappressoriata, M. muhakae, M. phaeomaculans, M. taitensis, M. trilepisii and C. Natans. Host families include Araliuceae, Ebenaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Loganiaceae, Melastomataceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae and Rubiaceae. New records for Kenya include Meliola ambigua, il4. artabotrydis, M. carissae, M. clerodendri, M. impatientis, M. pycnostachydis, M. phytolaccae and M. polytricha. 0 1999 Adac/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS

biotrophs I Cryptomeliola I Meliola I taxonomy

R&urn6 - Dans le cadre du programme de recherche relatif a la biodiversite des champignons associes aux plantes rares du Kenya, neuf especes nouvelles de Meliola et une de Cryptomeliola sont d&rites et illustrees : Meliola ~cruterispermi, M. dendroseta, M. fragrans, M. kakamegensis, M. longiappressoriata, M. muhakae, M. phaeomaculans, M. taitensis, M. trilepisii et C. Natans. Ces nouveaux taxa s’averent associtk aux sept familles vegetales suivantes : Araliaceae, E‘bena- ceae, Euphorbiaceae, Loganiaceue, Melastomataceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae et Rubiaceae. Neuf signalements nouveaux pour le Kenya concement les Meliola ambigua, M. artabotrydis, M. carissae, y. clerodendri, M. impatientis, M. pycnostachydis, M. phytolaccue et M. polytricha. 0 1999 AdaclEditions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS

biotrophes I Cryptomeliola I Meliola I taxonomie

INTRODUCTION

This study is a component of a collaborative programme funded by the UK Government’s Darwin Initiative, investigating the diversity and conservation status of fungi associated with rare and endangered plants in Kenya. It involves biologists from CAB1 Bioscience, the University of Nairobi, Moi University and the Ministry of Natural Resources, Kenya. The study has two major emphases. The first is to document rare

250 R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon

indigenous fungal species which are dependent for survival on plant species which are themselves threatened. The other is to investigate the threat to populations of rare plants from fungal pathogens spreading from encroaching areas of agriculture. Field trips included research in Kakamega Forest, Mt. Kenya, Cherangani Hills, Taita Hills, Shimba Hills, the Aberdares National Park and Arabuko Sokoke Forest, made between July 1997 and May 1999.

The number of described Meliolrr species is very large, with Hansford’s monumental monograph (Hansford, 1961) followed by compilations from Katumoto & Hosagoudar (1989) and Hosagoudar (1994). Species concepts are diflicult to assess objectively, as no species has been grown successfully in culture (Hansford. 196 I ; Goos. 1974, 1978; Hosagoudar, 1991). This means that it is impossible fully to assess environmental effects on morphology caused by the physical and chemical characteristics of the host plants. The precise mode of nutrition of species of the Meliolaceae is uncertain. While we do not exclude the possibility that members of this family use cuticular waxes and/or leaf exudates as energy sources, WC think that it is likely that the appressoria obtain at least some nutrients from the underlying plant cells in addition to acting as anchors for the colonies. This hypothesis is supported by the cultural studies cited above, which suggested that at lcast in most circumstances Mrliola ascospores germinate but do not form colonies in the absence of their host plants. If members of the Meliolaceae have at least partially biotrophic nutrition, the traditional classifcation systems which emphasize host identity are likely to be justified. Our extensive ticld observations over a number of years (also reported by Hansford, 1961 among others) confirm that Meliolaceue species show at least some degree of host specialization. as colonies are almost always restricted to individual host species even where they grow in very close proximity to unrelated plants.

In this paper. attempts have been made to assess morphological features fully in accepting species as new (set Mibcy & Hawksworth (1997) for a discussion of the rationale), without relying totally on host identity to guide comparison with previously described taxa. However, some degree of reliance at the host family level is unavoidable due to the enortnous number of species already recognized. The Beeli formula (Hansford, 1961; Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997) is a useful shorthand method of summarizing morphological features of the Melioluceae, although it is an artificial system and should not be relied upon in isolation for identification and characterization. Hansford (1961) referred to flask-shaped structures called ‘mucronatc hyphopodia’ which were subsc- quently shown to produce conidia (Hughes. 1981). Hc and a number of subsequent authors used the term ‘phialide’ for these structures, but as we have not seen conidial proliferation (or indeed conidia) in any of the material studied, we prefer the more neutral term ‘conidiogenous cell’. There is some controversy oc’cr the definition of the term phialide (Minter P[ crl.. 1983).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Collections of living leaves and twigs harbouring fungal colonies were dried and preserved. Leaves were scanned for fungal colonies using a dissecting microscope and samples removed using the tip of a scalpel blade. Specimens were mounted on microscope slides in water or lactofuchsin and examined using bright-held, phase and Nomarski DIC interference contrast optics. All measurements are from material in water. Drawings were made using a drawing tube attached to an Olympus BH2 compound microscope.

Biotrophic fungi from Kenya 251

Figs 1-5. CrypturzeZio.!u natulz~ (holotype); I: ascoma, 2: mycelial setae; note the curved apical part and the bulbous tips, 3: ascospores, 4: hyphae with numerous conidiogenous cells, 5: detail of ascomatal wall. 1: bar = 40 pm, 2-5: bar = 20 pm.

Cryptomeliola natans Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs l-5)

Etymology: natuns (L.atin), floating, in reference to the way in which the colonies separate from the host tissues.

Plagulae densae, superjiciales, velutinae. Mycelium superjicialium, brunneum vel atro-brunneum, hyphae compactue, appressoria absentae. Cellulae conidiogenae 16-24 x 8-12 pm, numerosae, aggregatae, oppositae vel inordinatae, ampullaceae. Setae myceliales numerosae, simplices vel aggregatae, plerumque curvulae, apicem obtusae, bulbosae. Ascomatu perithecialia, atra, inconspicua, inter setae occulatae, cellulae texturae angularis compositae. Ascosporae 60-72 x 18-22 ,um, plerumquae 4-septatae, raro 5-septatae, cylindricae, obtusae, constrictae.

Beeli Formula: 3120.6332. Colonies dense, forming dense mats on twigs and petioles but never on leaves, easily peeling off. Hyphae densely reticulate, forming a solid plate, branching irregularly at acute angles, undulate, devoid of appressoria, the individual cells 12-20 x 8-12 pm in size. Conidiogenous cells (phialides) 16-24 x 8-12 pm, ampulliform, numerous, crowded, opposite or irregularly arranged, single or clustered. Mycelial setae 410-500 pm long, IO-14 pm diam., numerous, dark brown, often strongly clustered and obscuring the ascornata, uncinate with a bulbous and darkened tip 16-22 pm diam. Ascomatu 210-260 pm diam., widely pyriform, black and carbonaceous, numerous, scattered, + smooth-walled. Ascospores 60-72 x 18-22 pm, 4-septate, cylindrical, dark brown, strongly constricted at the septa, the middle cell slightly longer than the adjacent cells, smooth-walled, without a gelatinous sheath.

252 R. K. Mibey & P. E Cannon

Typification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Yala River Nature Reserve, Yala Nature Trail, by the side of the path midway between the entrance and the river, 25 May 1999, R.K. Mibey (NAI - holotype of Ctyptomeliola nutans).

Host species: Trilepisium madaguscariense DC. (Momceae). Distribution: Kenya; only known from the type collection. Notes: Cqptomeliola S. Hughes & Piroz. was described in Mibey & Hawks-

worth (1997) based on Meliola orbicularis Berk. & Curtis, along with a newly described species C. moianu Mibey. M. orbicularis was excluded from Meliola in an earlier publication (Hughes, I993), but was not provided with an altemativc generic placement. Cryptomelinla differs from Meliola in having mycelium which is immersed in the outer layers of host tissue rather than superficial, it lacks appressoria (C. orbicularis was stated as possessing these in error by Mibcy & Hawksworth), and the mycelial setae are densely crowded, sometimes distally curved or uncinate and apically obtuse rather than acute.

C. natans differs significantly from the two previously known species of Ctyptomeliola, as the mycelial mat appears to be completely superficial, as it flakes intact off the twig surface. However, shared characters include the characteristic mycelial setae, including the lamellated wall shown for C. arbicularis in Mibey & Hawksworth (1997), the clustered conidiogenous cells, and the lack of appressoria (these are present rarely on superficial tnycelium in C. moiana.) It is possible with further research and the discovery of more new species that a scparatc genus will be required for C. natanx, but the absence of apprcssoria suggests that the fungus must obtain its nutrition via its poorly defined basal hyphal mat which is perhaps initially immersed in the outer layers of the plant, unless it exclusively uses plant exudates.

Judging from the description. Meliola pampangensis Petrak ( l958), from Buddleia asiatica in the Philippines, is a further species of C~ptomeliola in this expanded sense. It has significantly smaller ascospores than any of the three species currently accepted.

Key to species of Cryptonteliola

I. Mycelial setac curved or uncinate; ascospores > 53 pm in length . . . . . . . . ..__..........__._.. 2

Mycelial setae c straight or sigmoid; ascospores 47-53 x 16-20 pm: on Polysphaeria parviJi,lia, Kenya .._........._.,..............._.....,.......,..,.__..,.,,.....__._. C. moiuna

2. Colonies separating from the host tissues; seta apices often bulbous; ascospores 60-72 x 18-22 pm; on Trilepisium madagascarierzse, Kenya _........._.......... C. rlatans

Colonies remaining attached; seta apices usually simple; ascospores 57-65 x 19-2 1 pm; on unidentified bark, Cuba and Queensland . . ..__._.......____... C. orbicularis

Meliola ambigua Pat. & Gaill., Bull. Sot. Myc. France 4: 104 (1888). This is the first record of M. ambigua from Kenya, although it has been recorded

frequently from Uganda on the same host species. It seems to bc widely distributed throughout Africa and the Neotropics, from a range of genera of the Verberzaceae. and has been recorded from Lippia and ? Petitia (Hansford. 1961), also members of the Verbenaceae. The type collection was from an undetermined Lrmtam species from Venezuela.

Specimens examined: Kenya: Cherangani Hills, Cheranganyi Forest, on Zinn- tuna tr[fi)lia, 23 Jul. 1997, R.K. Mibey I455 (NAT). Other material seen from various species of Lantana, from Africa (Ghana, Uganda, Zaire), and the Caribbean and South America (Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica. Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Trinidad).


Meliola artabotrydis Hansf., J. Linn. Sot. London 51: 538 (1938). M. artabotryidis has not previously been recorded from Artabotrys likimensis,

although as the name A. nitidus has been used previously for the plant in Kenya (Beentje, 1994) it is not clear whether this constitutes a new host record. According to Verdcourt (1971), A. nitidus Engl. should properly be regarded as a synonym of A. monteiroae Oliv. The two collections cited here are the first for Kenya.

Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, on Artabotrys likimensis, 26 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI); same locality and host, 29 June 1998, R.K. Mibey 1531 (NAI). Many collections in IMI on ‘A. nitidus’ from Uganda.

Meliola capensis var. blighiae Hansf. & Deight., Mycol. Papers 23: 45 (1948). A new record for Kenya, and also for the host plant Blighia unijugata Bak. Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, on Blighia unijugata, 14 Jul.

1997, R.K. Mibey 1470 (NAI); same locality and host, 26 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Other collections seen from Blighia sapida in Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.

Meliola carissae Doidge, Bothaliu 1: 72 (1921). This species appears to be widely distributed throughout Africa and has also

been recorded from India (Hansford, 1961). No previous collection from Kenya has been traced.

Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Buyangu, Isiukho Falls, on Carissa edulis, 1 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey 1532 (NAI); Cherangani Hills, Cheranganyi Forest, on Carissa edulis, 26 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Collections also seen from C. arduina, C. bispinosa, C. grandtjlora and C. opaca from Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and India.

Meliolu clerodendti Hansf., J. Linn. Sot. London 51: 272 (1937). New records for Kenya, and for the host species. Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, on Clerodendrum formicarum

Giirke, 14 Jul. 1997, R.K. Mibey 1490 (NAI); same locality and host, 29 June 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Other material seen from C. bakeri, C. buchholzii, C. fragrans, C. paniculatum, C. scandens and C. schweinfurthii, from Ghana, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Uganda.

Meliola craterispermi Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 6-9). Etymology: craterispermi (Latin), in reference to the host genus Craterisper-

mum. Plagulae epiphyllae, tenues, ad I mm diam. Hyphae subrectae, laxe reticulatae,

oppositae vel irregulariter acuteque ramosae, cellulis 18-24 x 6-8 pm. Appressoria alternata, recta vel leniter cutvula, 20-26 x IO-12 pm, cellulae apicales irregulariter clavatae, integrae vel lobatae, IO-16 x IO-12 pm, cellulae basales cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 8-10 x 6-8 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae pauces, iregulares, illis appressoria commixta, ampullaceae, 12 x 6pm. Setae mycelialis dispersae, numerosae, rectae vel curvulae, simplices, apicem obtusae 300-410 x 8-10 pm. Ascomata dispersa, verrucosa, 150-I 70 pm diam. Ascosporae 4-septatae, ellipsoideae, constrictae, obtusae, 36.-38 x

12-16,um. Beeli Formula: 3 111.3222. Colonies epiphyllous, thin, to 1 mm diam. Hyphae

substraight, loosely reticulate, branching opposite to irregular at acute angles, with cells 18-24 x 6-8 w. Appressoria 2&26 x lo-12 pm, straight to bent, alternate, head cell lo-16 x lo-12 pm, irregularly clavate, often bent, angulose to sinous-lobate or entire, basal cell 8-10 x 6-8 pm, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells ca 12 x 6 pm, rare, irregular in form but usually f ampulliform. Mycelial setae 300410 x 8-10 pm,

R. K. Mibey & F! F. Cannon

8

9

Figs 6-9. Melinlu craterispermi (holotype); 6: hyphac with appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (?A), 7: perithecial primordia (arrow), 8: ascospores, 9: obtuse apices of mycehal setac. Bar = 20 pm.

numerous, scattered, straight to flexous, simple, obtuse. A,scomata 150-170 pm diam., perithecial, scattered, verrucose. Ascosporr.s 36-38 x 1% I6 pm, &eptate, ellipsoidal, obtuse, constricted at the septa.

Qpification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Yala Nature Reserve, Yala Nature Trail, on leaves of Cruterispermum schwei~furthii Hiern, 25 May 1999, R.K. Mihe?; (NAI - hololype of Meliolu craterispermi).

Host species: Craterispermum schweinfurtlzii (Rubiuceae). Distribution: Kenya, only known from the rype collection.


Notes: This species appears to be part of the Meliolu psychotviae complex. As recognized by Hansford (1961) that species is rather variable and is found on a range of genera of the Rubiaceae. It may be distinguished from M. craterispermi by its shorter straight mycelial setae, its narrower and shorter-stalked appressoria and the frequency of conidiogenous cell development. Hansford accepted a series of varieties with rather varied morphology, but none correspond to M. craterispermi in all features. Of other species in the M. psychotriae complex, M. leptactinae Mibey has some similarities, but has 3- to 4-septate ascospores rather than the exclusively 4-septate ones of M. craterispermi, shorter-stalked appressoria, larger conidiogenous cells and smaller ascomata. M. pentadis Mibey has straight mycelial setae, larger conidiogenous cells, and smaller ascomata and ascospores. Tab. 1 contrasts M. cruterispermi with the Meliola psychotriae group.

Of the other species of Meliola on Rubiaceae currently known from Kenya (Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997), hf. bwaniana Mibey (on indet. Rubiaceae) has compa- rable ascospore sizes (33-42 x 12-l 6 pm) but differs in having much longer hyphal cells (23-53 x 5-8 pm) and appressoria (28-42 x 9-13 pm). M. chussaliae Mibey (on Chas- salia abruptu) has numerous and much larger conidiogenous cells, acute mycelial setae and much larger appressoria. M. darwiniana Mibey (on indet. Rubiaceae) has larger and 3- to 4-septate ascospores, acute mycelial setae, and larger appressoria and conidiogenous cells. h4. oldenlandiicola Mibey (on Oldenlandia) has acute mycelial setae, numerous and larger conidiogenous cells, smaller ascomata and shorter, relatively wider ascospores. M. petiolicola Mibey (on Psychotria) has much narrower ascospores, acute mycelial setae and smaller conidiogenous cells. M. rubiacearum Mibey has acute setae, larger conidiogenous cells and shorter-stalked appressoria.

Meliola dendroseta Mibey & PI? Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 10-I 3).

Figs 10-13. M&oh dendrosetu (holotype); 10, 11: dichotomously branched mycelial setae, 12: closely reticulate hyphae with appressoria (A) and conidiogenous cell (a), 13: ascospores. 10: bar = 20 11-13: pm, bar = 40 pm.

Tab.

1. Mr

liokz

sp

ecks

of

the

M.

p.ryc

lzo/ri~

~ gr

oup

(Han

sford

, 19

61)

asso

ciated

wi

th

Rubia

ceae

crat

eris/

xwni

3111

.322

2 30

0-41

0 x

8-10

pm

, sc

at-

alter

nate,

str

aight

to be

nt,

ca

I2 x

6 pm

, rar

e, lS

O-17

0 pm

tcr

ed,

straig

ht to

flexu

ous,

obtus

e irr

egula

r, am

pullif

orm

dogn

yens

is 31

11.5

334

to 11

00

pm,

straig

ht or

flexu

ous,

simple

. ob

tuse

or su

bacu

te

ghes

quie

rei

3 1 11

.433

2 to

330

x 7-

X pm

, str

aight,

sim

ple,

obtus

e

head

cc

l1 10

-16x

IO

-12

ym,

irreg

. cla

vate,

sta

lk 8-

10

pm

alter

nate,

oft

en

bent,

he

ad

cdl

14-1

9 x

7-12

pm

, ov

ate,

stalk

6-8

pm

alter

nate,

str

aight

or be

nt,

head

ce

ll 13

-17

x 6-

8 pm

. wi

dely

roun

ded,

stalk

3-6

pm

15-2

1 x

7-9

urn,

alter

nate

or op

posit

e, am

pullif

orm

13-1

7 x

6-X

pm,

rare,

alter

nate

or op

posit

e am

pullif

orm

diam.

, ve

rmco

se

to 36

0 pm

dia

m.,

verru

cose

to 14

0 pm

dia

m.,

sligh

tly

verru

cose

kibira

e vx

31

1 I .

3221

to

280

x 7-

8 str

aight,

pm

. le

onen

sis

simple

. ob

tuse,

scatt

ered

kibim

e va

r. ra

ndia

e 3

I 1 I .

3221

LO

270

x 7-

9 str

aight,

pm

, sim

ple,

obtus

e, sc

attere

d

knox

iar

Iept

actin

ae

3111

.222

1 IO

O-22

0xW

um,

arcu

ate

or cu

rved,

simple

. ob

tuse

3 111

.322

2 18

0-38

0 x

6-9

few,

urn,

straig

ht,

simple

, ob

tuse

myc

elia

r 3 1

I 1.3

22 I

to

260

x 7

straig

ht,

pm,

simple

, ob

tuse,

often

sl.

un

dulat

e to

torulo

sc

altcm

ate,

usua

lly

straig

ht.

head

ce

ll 13

-17

x 9-

12

urn.

15-2

0 x

7-8

pm.

mostl

v to

130

pm

diam.

,

olde

nlan

dicr

r 3

I I I .

3222

to

360

x 9

pm,

straig

ht,

simple

, ob

tuse,

the a

pex

torulo

sc

or tw

isted

clava

tc to

oblon

g,

stalk

alter

nate,

co

noid

to “IX

TUCO

X

5-8

pm

ampu

llifor

m

+ alt

erna

te,

straig

ht or

bent,

15

-20

x 6-

8 ur

n, to

130

pm

head

ce

ll 13

-20

x X-

1 4

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

diam.

, ov

ate

to cla

vate,

sta

lk co

noid

to am

pullif

orm

verru

cose

S-

IS

pm

altem

atc,

often

be

nt,

head

ce

ll 13

-15

x ca

6

pm,

70-1

20

pm

IO-13

x

9-12

ur

n, ov

ate

or ra

m,

oppo

site

or dia

m.,

ellipt

ical,

stalk

4-6

pm

alter

nate,

am

pullif

orm

verru

cobc

alter

nate,

str

aight

to be

nt,

14-2

0 x

5-8

pm,

loo-1

50

pm

head

cc

l1 S-

14

x 9-

11

pm.

oppo

site

or irr

egula

r, dia

m..

clava

tc,

stalk

6-8

x 5.~

6 um

few

, am

pullif

orm

“err”c

o\c

alter

nate,

str

aight

or sli

ghtly

16

-22

x 7-

9 ur

n, to

180

urn

bent,

he

ad

ccl1

16-2

2 x

alter

nate

or op

posit

e, dia

m.,

8-10

pm

, ov

ate,

stalk

ampu

llifor

m ve

rruco

se

6610

ur

n

alter

nate,

+

straig

ht,

head

ce

ll 15

-18

x 6-

S pm

, to

150

pm

globo

se

to &

ovate

, 12

- I5

x op

posit

e, am

pullif

orm

diam.

, IO

-I 3

pm,

stalk

3-6

pm

to co

noid

“ermc

ose

36-3

8 x

12-1

6 pm

, ell

ipsoid

al,

obtus

e, 4-

septa

te

46-5

6 x

19-2

2 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4.sep

tate

38-4

2 x

18-2

1 Fr

n, ob

long

to su

bellip

- so

idal,

obtus

e, 4-s

cptat

c

29-3

7 x

11-1

5 ur

n, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4-sep

tatc

29-3

6 x

IO-15

ur

n, ob

long.

ob

tuse,

4-se

ptate

23-3

0x

10-1

2x

7-9

pm,

oblon

g,

obtus

e, 4.s

eptat

c

2X-3

9x

12-1

6 pm

, cy

lindr

ical,

obtus

e, 3-

or 4-

septa

te

33-4

0x

14-1

6x

12-

13 p

m,

oblon

g,

obtus

e, 4.s

cptat

c

30-3

6 x

12-1

3 pm

, ob

long,

oh

tu\c,

4-se

ptate

Host

genu

s

Crat

eri-

sprrm

um

Rnnd

ia

co&l

,

indet

. P

Rubi

acea

e F

Puve

tta,

s 2 Ro

thm

anni

a 4 F?

.?J

Ro

thm

nnni

a .7

Knox

ia

Lept

uctin

u

Mvc

eria

Old

enla

ndia

Tab.

1 (c

ontd

.) M

eliola

sp

ecie

s of

the

M. p

sych

otvia

e gr

oup

(Han

sfor

d,

1961

) as

socia

ted

with

Ru

biace

ae

Beeli

for

mula

Myce

lial

Seta

e Ap

pres

soria

Co

nidiqe

nous

ce

lls

Asco

mata

Asco

spore

s Ho

st ge

nus

penta

dis

psyc

hotria

e

psyih

otriae

va

r. co

ffeae

psyc

hofria

e va

r. de

nsa

psyc

hotria

e va

r. go

nzala

guna

e

psyc

hotria

e va

r. lon

giset

a

psyc

hotria

e va

r. mo

relia

e

tunkia

ensis

3 111

.322

2 24

0400

x

6-9

pm.

few,

scatt

ered

, sim

ple,

obtus

e, str

aight

3111

.322

1 to

300

x 7-

8 pm

, nu

mero

us,

straig

ht,

simple

, ob

tuse

31!

! .4X

! to

200

x 7-

8 pm

, str

aight,

sim

ple,

obtus

e

3111

.422

1 to

250

x 8-

9 nm

, str

aight,

sim

ple,

obtus

e, few

3111

.322

1 to

320

x 6-

8~~

straig

ht or

alter

nate,

?

straig

ht,

head

ce

ll sli

ghtly

fle

xuou

s, sim

ple,

11-1

5 x

10-1

2t.nn

m, r

ound

to

alter

nate

to irr

egula

r, str

aight,

he

ad c

ell

11-1

6 x

9-14

pm

, cla

vate,

sta

lk 69

x

5-8

pm

alter

nate,

str

aight

or be

nt,

head

ce

ll 11

-15

x 7-

10

pm,

ovate

, sta

lk 3-

7 pm

alter

nate,

str

aight

or be

nt,

head

ce

ll 15

-21

x 10

-13

pm,

ovate

/ ob

long-

clava

te,

stalk

5510

pm

12-2

0 x

6-8

pm,

to 16

0 pm

op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

dia

m.,

venu

cose

am

pullif

orm,

fre

quen

t

13-1

8 x

7-8

pm.

few.

to 15

0 pm

op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

dia

m.,

verru

cose

co

noid

to am

pullif

om~

alter

nate,

str

aight

or sli

ghtly

15

-19

x 7-

9 pm

, to

160

nrn

bent,

he

ad c

ell

14-1

8 x1

1-13

op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

dia

m.,

verm

cose

pm

, ov

ate,

stalk

6613

pm

ampu

llifor

m

17-2

6 x

67

pm,

to 16

0pm

oppo

stte

or alt

erna

te,

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

ampu

llifor

m,

few

to nu

mero

us

obtus

e wi

dely

ovate

, sta

lk 3-

6 pm

3111

.322

4 to

1200

x 8

-10

pm,

strai

ght

alter

nate,

f

straig

ht,

head

cell

to

flexu

ous,

simple

, ac

ute t

o 14

-20

x 9-

12

pm,

ovate

, sta

lk ob

tuse,

+tom

lose

4-11

pm

3 I1

1.42

22

to 32

0 x

9-10

pm

, str

aight,

alt

erna

te,

straig

ht or

sl. b

ent,

some

times

be

nt be

low

the

head

cell

12

-17

x 9-

12

t.tm,

ap

ex,

simple

, ob

tuse

ovate

to

clava

te,

stalk

5-l

1 pm

3111

.422

1 to

250

x 9-

10

pm,

scatt

alt

erna

te,

often

be

nt,

head

ce

ll er

ed,

straig

ht,

simple

, 13

-23

x lo-

14

pm,

ovate

to

obtus

e va

te-ob

long,

stalk

5-9

nm

M-22

x

558

pm,

oppo

site

to irr

egula

r, few

, am

pullif

orm

90-1

50

pm

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

12-1

9 x

7-8

I-“,

to 14

0 pm

mo

stly

alter

nate,

co

noid

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

to am

pullif

orm

not

stated

in

origi

nal

to 18

0pm

desc

riptio

n dia

m.,

verru

cose

18-2

2 x

ca 9

pm,

few

, to

180p

m us

ually

alt

erna

te,

diam.

, vc

rruco

se

narro

wly

cono

id to

ampu

llifor

m

28-3

7x

II-16

~.tm

, cy

lindr

ical,

sligh

tly

curve

d, ob

tuse,

4.sep

tate

3440

x

1416

x

I l-13

pm

, cy

lindr

ical,

obtus

e, 4-

septa

te

3542

x

15-1

8 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4-sep

tatc

3645

x

15-2

0 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4.sep

tate

28-3

4 x

12-1

4 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4.sep

tate

33-3

8 x

13-1

6 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4.sep

tate

39-4

7 x

1619

pm

, cy

lindr

ical,

obtus

e, 4-

septa

te

38-4

5 x

15-1

9 pm

, cy

lindr

ical,

obtus

e, 4-

septa

te

Wide

ra

nge

of tro

pical

Rubia

ceae

Coffe

a

Morin

da

Gonz

alagu

na

Psyc

hotria

, Ox

yanth

us,

Pave

tta

More

lia

Aida

, Ra

ndia

Detai

ls tak

en

from

Hans

ford

(196

1),

Hugu

enin

(196

9),

Mibe

y &

Huwk

swort

h (1

997)

an

d Pe

trak

(19.5

8).

Chara

cters

differ

entia

lfrom

M.

cra

terisp

ermi

ar

e giv

en

in bo

ld.

258 R. K. Mibey & I? F. Cannon

Etymology: dendroseta (Latin), in reference to the tree like features of the mycelial setae.

Plagulae amphigenae, densae, ad 4 mm diam. Hyphae suhrectae, densue reticulatae, oppositae vel irregulariter acuteque ramosae, cellulis 18-24 x 8-12 pm. Ap- pressoriu plerumque antrorsa, opposita vel irregulares, 18-22 X IO-12 pm, cellulu apicali clavata, integra, IO-14 x lo-12 pm, cellula hasali cylindracea vel cuneutu, 6-8 x 6-10 pm. Cellulae conidingenae pauces, irregulares, ampulluceae, 18-22 x 4 pm. Setar mycelialis aggregatae, numerosae, dichotome rumosue, 270-350 x IO-12 ,um, denticulis acuteque 12-24 x 2-4 pm. Ascomatu dispersu, verrucosu, 270-360 pm diam. Ascosporue 4-septutue, oblongae tlel ellipsoideue, c’onstrictue, ucutue vel obtusae, 56-62 x 22-26 ,um.

Beeli Formula: 3142.6342. Colonies amphigenous, dense, velvety, to 4 mm diam. Hyphae densely reticulate, substraight, branching opposite to irregular at acute angles, with cells 18-24 x 8-l 2 pm. Appressoriu 18-22 x 10-I 2 pm, mostly bent (antrorse), opposite to irregular, head cell IO- 14 x IO- I2 pm, broadly clavate, angulosc. entire, basal cell 6-8 x 6- 10 pm, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells 18-22 x cu 4 pm, few, irregular, ampulliform, mixed with appressoria. Mycelial setue 270-350 x 1 O-l 2 pm, crowded, straight, dichotomously branched, the branches 12-24 x 24 pm, acute. Ascnmata 270-360 ym diam., perithecial, scattered, verrucose. Ascospores 56-62 x 22-26 pm, 4-septate. oblong to ellipsoidal, constricted. the ends acute to obtuse.

Typification: Kenya: Taita Hills, Mbololo forest, about 2 km into the forest from the western entrance by the roadside, on leaves of Polyscias stuhlmannii var. stuhlmannii, 19 Mar. 1999, R.K. Mibey (NAI - holotype of Mel&u dendroseta).

Host species: Polyscius stuhlmunnii Harms var. stuhlmunnii. Cussoniu spicatu Thunb. (Araliuceae).

Distribution: Kenya, not known elsewhere. Notes: The type host is endemic to the Taita Hills and adjoining areas of

Tanzania. However, as an apparently identical fungus occurs on the related and widespread host Cussonia spicata, its conservation is not likely to be a priority.

This is the only species of Meliola known from the Aruliuceue which has branched mycelial setae, and alternately arranged appressoria. The species with branched or dentate setae arc contrasted in Tab. 2 below. Meliola heterosetu Hiihnel differs in having smaller ascosporcs (43-52 x 19-22 pm), and longer hyphal cells (25-35 x 7-10 pm). It is widespread and apparently not strongly host-specific, being found on Paratropia sp. and Scheflera polybot~a from Java, S. octophylla from China, Sch@era sp. from Philippines and Cussoniu spicatu from South Africa (Hansford, 196 1). Meliola didymopanacis var. polysciudis Hansf. also occurs in Polyscius from Africa, but has simple mycelial setae and much smaller ascospores (4.347 x IS-17 pm; Hansford, 196 1). M. montisf~mtium Huguenin (1969) is largely similar but has alternate appressoria. longer and narrower ascospores, and longer-branched mycelial setac.

Other material examined: Kenya: Taita hills, Ngaongao Forest, on leaves and petiolcs of Cussonia .spicatu , 20 Mar. 1999, R.K. Mibey (NAI).

Meliola fragrans Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 14-l 6). Etymology: .fragruns (Latin), in reference to the host species Memec~kn

,frugruns. Plagulae amphigenue, tenues, ad 3 mm diam. Hyphue rectue, oppositae, luxe

rumosue, laxe reticulatue, cellulis 17-38 x 5-7,um. Appressoria numerosu, ulternuta, oblonga vel curvulu, 19-24 x 7-IOpm; cellulae apicules clavatae, integrue, 14-17 x 7-10 ,um; cellulae basules cylindraceae, 7-10 x 7-10 pm. Cellulue conidiogenue illis appressoriis commixlue, oppositae, ampulluceue, 24-29 x 6-9 ,um. Setue m~celiules

Tab.

2.

Spec

ies o

f M

elio

la

with

br

anch

ed

or d

enta

te

seta

e as

socia

ted

with

th

e Ar

aliac

eae

Beeli

fo

rmul

a M

ycel

ial

seta

e Ap

pres

soria

Co

nidi

ogen

ous

cells

As

com

ta

Asco

spor

es

Host

genu

s

boer

lagi

o-

dend

ri

dend

rose

ta

dich

otom

a

dich

otom

a va

r. ku

sano

i

hete

rose

ta

mon

tis-

font

ium

3 143

.422

1 to

250

x 7-

8 pm

, IN

o 3-

alter

nate

or op

posit

e, oft

en

dicho

tomou

s, bra

nche

s to

bent,

he

ad

cell

80 p

m lon

g,

acute

lo-

15

x 8-

11

urn,

subg

lobos

e cro

wded

, str

aight,

to

3- to

pyrifo

rm,

stalk

4-7

pm

long

3142

.634

2 27

0-35

0 x

lo-12

pm

, op

posit

e to

irreg

ular,

mostl

y dic

hotom

ous,

branc

hes

to be

nt,

head

ce

ll 24

pm.

ac

ute

10-1

4x

lo-12

pm

. br

oadly

cla

vate,

sta

!k 6-

8 pm

!on

g

3143

.423

1 to

260

x 9-

10

pm,

l- to

2. mo

stly

oppo

site.

some

what

dicho

tomou

s, bra

nche

s be

nt,

head

ce

ll to

100

urn,

rccurv

ed,

the

lo-16

x

8-l

1 pm

, ov

ate

to ap

ices

pale

and

obtus

e py

riform

, sta

lk 2-

6 pm

lon

g

3143

.423

1 to

250

x 8-

9 um

, sim

ple

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

straig

ht or

l- to

2.dich

otomo

us,

or sli

ghtly

be

nt,

head

ce

ll bra

nche

s to

50 p

m,

the

IO-15

x

7-11

pm

, ov

ate

to ap

ices

pale

and

obtus

e cla

vate-

cylin

dric,

sta

lk 3-

8 pm

3143

.533

1 to

280

x 8-

10

pm,

2- to

4-op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

dic

hotom

ous,

branc

hes

to str

aight,

he

ad

cell

80 u

rn,

spre

ading

or

11-1

5 x

8-12

pm

, ov

ate

to rec

urved

, ob

tuse

to ob

long,

sta

lk 4-

7 pm

lon

g su

bacu

te

3141

.634

2 to

310

pm

long,

I-

to 2-

alter

nate,

str

aight

or cu

rved,

dicho

tomou

s, bra

nche

s he

ad

cell

14-2

0 x

12-1

8 pm

, to

140

pm,

apice

s ob

tuse

or ov

ate,

stalk

7-11

pm

lon

g su

bacu

te

20-2

5 x

6-8

pm,

few,

to 20

0 pm

mo

stly

alter

nate,

dia

m.,

ampu

llifot

m ve

rmco

se

18-2

2 x

ca 4

pm,

few

, irr

egula

r, am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

16-2

3 x

7-9

urn,

very

few,

alter

nate

or op

posit

e, am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

sotia

14-2

0 x

7-9

pm,

alter

nate

or op

posit

e, am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

18-3

5 x

7-9

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifor

m mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

15-2

2 x

8-12

pm

, op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

270-

360

pm

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

to 25

0 pm

dia

m.,

verm

cose

to 18

0 mn

dia

m.,

verru

cose

to 23

0 pm

dia

m.,

verru

cose

to 34

0 pm

dia

m.,

verru

cose

42-5

0 x

13-1

7 pm

, Bo

erla

gio-

ob

long,

ob

tuse,

dend

ron

cons

tricted

, 4-

septa

te

56-6

2 x

22-2

6 pm

, ob

long

to ell

ipsoid

al,

obtus

e, co

nstric

ted,

4-se

ptate

44-5

0 x

17-1

9 x

12-1

4 pm

, ob

long

to su

bellip

soida

l, co

nstric

ted,

4-se

ptate

3743

x

15-1

7 pm

, ob

long

to su

bellip

soida

l, ob

tuse,

cons

tricted

, 4.s

eptat

e

43-5

2 x

19-2

2 x

17-1

8 ur

n, ob

long

to su

bellip

soida

l, ob

tuse,

cons

tricted

, 4-

septa

te

60-7

0 x

18-2

4 pm

, ell

ipsoid

al,

obtus

e, co

nstric

ted,

4-se

ptate

Polys

cias,

Cuss

onia

Hede

ra

Hede

ra

Para

tropi

a,

Sche

flera

, Cu

sson

ia

Sche

flera

Data

tak

en f

rom

Ha

nsfo

rd

(196

1)

and

Hugu

enin

(196

9).


16

Figs 14-16. Meliola ,f’ugmns (holotype); 14: hyphae with alternate appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (15-s), 1.5: simple mycelial setac with acute apices, 16: 4-septate ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.

numerosae, uggregatae, rectae, acutisyue, 475-740 x IO-12 pm. Asiomata nurnemsa, dispersa, verrucosa, 160-220 pm diam. Ascosporae 46septutae. ellipsoidme, constrictar. 46-50 x 17-22 pm.

Beeli Formula: 3 I I I .4323. Colonies amphigenous, thin. to 3 mm diam. Hyphac loosely reticulate, straight, branching opposite at wide angles, with cells 22-3 I x 5-7 ym. Appressoria 19-24 x 7-10 pm, numerous, widely spaced, oblong, curved; head cell 14-l 7 x 7-10 pm, clavate, entire; basal cell 7-10 x 7-10 pm, cylindrical. Conidiogcnous cells 24-29 x 6-9 pm, few, mixed with appressoria, opposite. ampulliform. Mycclial setae 475-740 x 10-l 2 pm, numerous, scattered. grouped around ascomata. straight. simple, acute. Ascomata 160-220 pm diam., numerous, scattered, vct~ucosc. Ascosporcs 46-SO x 17-22 pm, 4-septatc, ellipsoidal, constricted.


Typification: Kenya: Coast Province, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, Kararacha, on leaves of Memecylon fragrans, 10 December 1997, R.K. Mibey 1505 (NAI - holotype of Meliola fragrans).

Host: Memecyclon fragrans A. & R. Femandes (Melastomataceae). Distribution: Kenya (Coast Province); only known from the type collection. Notes: M. fragrans has larger ascospores than any of those currently associated

with the Melastomataceae which have simple setae, and unusually large conidiogenous cells. Those of M. inconspicua Hansf. (Hansford, 1961) match those of M. fragrans, but in that species the mycelial setae are much shorter in addition to the ascospores being smaller. Of species so far recorded from Memecylon, M. memecylonis H. Sydow (from India and SE Asia) has similarly sized ascospores but much longer and dentate mycelial setae, and hyphae which are closely reticulate. M. memecylonicola Hansf. has smaller ascospores and conidiogenous cells, and M. disciseta Roger, M. heudelotii Gaill. and M. afinis H. Sydow have long dentate setae. See Tab. 3 for comparisons. This is the first species of the Meliolaceae associated with Melastomataceae to be reported from Kenya.

Meliola funtumiae Beeli, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles 7: 95 (1920). Meliola funtumiae is new to Kenya. The host species Funtumia africana is now

the accepted name for I;: latifolia (Stapf) Stapf (Beentje, 1994). Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, on Funtumia africana, 14 Jul.

1997, R.K. Mibey 1490 (NAI); same locality and host, 29 June 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Collections in IMI are from Uganda, on Funtumia latzfolia and an unidentified member of the Apocynaceae.

Meliola impatientis Doidge, Bothalia 4: 196 (1941). Meliola impatientis has not previously been recorded from the host Impatiens

jischeri, or from Kenya. It was originally described from I. capensis in South Africa. Specimens examined: Kenya: Aberdares National Park, on Impatiens fischeri,

29 June 1998, G. Kariuki (NAI). Other material in IMI collected in Ethiopia from 1. papilionacea (probably actually I. meruensis Gilg.)

Meliola kakamegensis Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 17-19). Etymology: kakamegensis (Latin), in reference to Kakamega forest from where

the specimen was collected. Plagulae amphigenae, tenues, ad 2 mm diam. Hyphae undulatae, oppositae vel

irregulariter acutique vel laxe ramosae, laxe reticulatae, cellulis 17-38 X 5-7pm. Appressoria numerosa, alternata, recta, 17-38 x 5-7 pm; cellulae apicales 2ad 4-lobatae, 14-17 x 14-17 pm; cellulae basales cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 7-14 x 5-10 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae illis appressoriis commixtae, oppositae, ampullaceae 19-24 x 5-7 pm. Setae myceliales numerosae, dispersae, ramosae, 2-- ad &dentatae, ad 270 x 9-10 pm. Ascomata numerosa, dispersa, verrucosa, 180-210 pm diam. Ascosporae 4-septatae oblongae vel ,fusoideae, constrictae, obtusae, 3646 x 12-17pm.

Beeli Formula: 3 141.423 1. Colonies amphigenous, thin, to 2 mm diam. Hyphae undulating, branching opposite to irregular at acute to wide angles, loosely reticulate, with cells 17-38 x 5-7 pm. Appressoria 22-31 x 14-17 pm, numerous, alternate, straight to bent; head cell 14-17 x 14-17 pm, 2- to 4-lobate, basal cell 7-14 x 5-10 pm, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells 19-24 x 5-7 pm, numerous, mixed with appressoria, opposite, ampulliform. Mycelial setae to 270 x 9-10 pm, numerous, scattered, branched, branchlets 2- to 6-dentate. Ascomata 180-210 pm diam., numerous, scattered, verrucose. Ascospores 36-46 x 12-17 pm, 4-septate, oblong to fusoid, constricted, with obtuse ends.

Typification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Isiukhu Falls, on leaves of Alchornea laxijora, 28 Feb. 1998, R.K. Mibey 1530 (NAI, holotype of Meliola kakamegensis).

Tab.

3.

Spe

cies

of M

elida

wi

th

cimpl

c sc

tae

asso

ciate

d wi

th t

he M

ela.

~tor

n~/ta

c.r~

/r

3111

.422

1 10

280

X 8

-9

pm.

simpl

e.

stra

ight

, ob

tuse

al

tem

atc,

st

raig

ht.

head

ce

ll I S

-22

x 7-

9 pm

, fe

w.

14-2

0 x

11-1

3 pm

. su

bglo

boae

op

posit

e or

al

tcm

ate,

to

py

rifor

m.

stalk

7-l

2 pm

lo

ng

cono

id

lo a

mpu

llifor

m

3947

x

IS-2

0 pm

. oh

lang

to

su

bellip

soid

al,

obtu

se,

cons

tricte

d,

4-se

ptat

e

33-3

9 x

13-1

4 pm

, ob

long

, ob

tuse

, co

nstri

cted.

4~

sept

atc

46-5

0 x

17-2

2 pm

, el

lipso

idal

, ob

tuac

, co

ntric

tcd.

4-sc

ptat

e

2934

x II-

14ym

. ob

long

. ob

tuse

. co

ncon

trictc

d.

4~se

ptal

e

2993

3 x

11-1

3x

10-I

1 pm

, ob

long

, oh

tusc

, sh

ghtly

co

nstri

cted,

4.

scpt

atc

3341

x

IS-1

7 pm

, ob

long

, ob

tuse

, co

nstri

cted,

4.

sept

atc

3845

x

1417

pm

, el

lipso

idal

to

obl

ong,

ob

tuse

, co

nstri

cted.

I-\

eplU

3843

x

15-1

7x

13-i

4 ur

n,

oblo

ng

to

wbcll

ipso

idal

, ob

tuse

. 4-

scpt

ate

llisso

tis

3111

.432

3

10 2

50

x 7-

X pn

, sa

mpl

e,

ctra

ight

. ob

tuse

al

tern

ate,

st

raig

ht

or b

ent,

head

cc

l1 13

-19

x 9-

12

pm,

ovat

e or

su

hgioh

osc,

stalk

S- 1

I t.n

n lo

ng

M id

ely

\pac

cd,

curv

ed,

head

cc

l1 14

-17

x 7-

10

pm,

clava

tc,

stalk

7-l

0 pm

lo

ng

alte

rnat

e.

\&tig

ht

or t

be

nt.

head

ce

ll 14

-20x

8-

IOpm

. o~

aw.

Mk

S-13

pm

lo

ng

1 S-2

0 x

7-X

pm,

oppo

site

or

alte

rnat

e.

ampu

llifor

m

2-i-S

x

h-Y

pm,

few,

op

posit

e.

ampu

llifor

m

to

160p

m

diam

.. vc

truco

sc

375-

740

x IO

&l 2

pm

, wt

ight

. rm

rple

, ac

ute

160-

220

pm

diam

., vc

rruco

sc

inde

t. 3 d.

Meh

torrz

o-

Fl

w

to

140

x 6-

7 pm

. sim

ple,

st

raig

ht,

ohtu

sc

13-3

0 x

6-7

pm,

alte

mat

c or

op

pwilc

, am

pullif

orm

to 1

40 pm

di

am.,

vcrru

cosc

3111

.322

2 to

400

x

X-9

pm

simpl

e.

\trat

ght.

obtu

se

altc

mat

c or

m

nlat

eral

, i

bent

. he

ad

cull

I S-2

0 x

9 I3

pm

. nr

egul

arly

oiat

c,

stalk

5 ~1

0 ur

n lo

ng

altc

mat

c,

stra

ight

or

? h

cnt.

head

ce

il 12

-l 6

x 7-

9 pm

. ov

ate.

sta

lk 4

7 pm

lo

ng

altc

mat

c or

op

po,it

c,

str

augh

t, he

ad

cell

10-1

4x

h-0

pm.

ohlo

ng

to o

vate

. sm

lk 14

. 20

pm

long

altc

mat

e or

sc

atte

red.

st

raig

ht

or

bent

. he

ad c

ell

1442

2 x

&I

3 pm

, py

rifor

m

to e

lliptic

al,

stalk

S-IO

ur

n

IS20

x

6 8

pm,

fw.

oppo

atlc

or

altcr

natc,

am

pullif

orm

no i

nfor

mat

ion

3111

.422

1

3 I 1

3.42

23

to 3

00

x X-

9 pm

. stm

plc,

stra

ight

. ac

ute

16-X

) x

7 9

pm,

few.

al

tern

ate

or

oppo

site.

nm

puliif

orm

to

170

pm

diam

.. ~c

rruco

se

to

160

ptr

diam

.. ~c

~tru

~~os

c

3111

.422

2 to

350

x 6

8

pm,

Gmplc

. ,tr

aigh

t or

sli

ghtly

flc

xuou

\ su

bacu

te

1772

4x6-

7pm

m

wtly

alte

mat

c.

ampu

llifor

m

to

180

pm

diam

.. sli

ghtly

“cr

r”c”sc

indc

t. M

ela.

mvn

a ia

ceae

Data

fro

m

Hans

ford

( I

96

1).


Figs 17-19. MeZioZa kakamegensis (holotype); 17: hyphae with appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (a), 18: branched mycelial setae, 19: ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.

Host species: Alchornea Zuxifloru (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiuceae). Distribution: Kenya (Mumias); only known from the type collection. Notes: The Euphorbiaceue is a large family with considerable diversity in the

tropics, and the associated Meliolu species are similarly diverse. Tab. 4 contrasts M. kukumegensis with known species with branched mycelial setae. Of the species

Tab.

4. Sp

ecies

of

Melio

lu wi

th

bran

ched

or

denta

te sa

c as

socia

ted

with

the

Eu

~hor

hince

ue

brrv

idenr

utu

3133

.322

2

brid

elin

e 31

31.3

223

crar

onico

lu 31

41.4

221

10

650

x 8-

10

pm,

irreg

ularly

dc

ntatc

01

to 40

0 x

7-8

pm.

\inlpl

e

bifur

cate.

bra

nche

s to

or irr

egula

rly

2- to

3-de

ntate,

ap

ices

obtus

e,

20 p

m

ol’tcn

sh

ghtly

tor

ulohe

to 30

0 x

7-8

pm,

simple

or

2m to

3-d

entat

e, bra

nche

s to

6 pm

, ac

ute

dimor

phic;

to

800

x 8-

9 pm

, sim

ple.

obtus

e; to

250

x 7--

8 pm

. ap

ex

roug

h, sli

ghtly

de

ntalc,

to

4 pm

to 26

0 x

7-10

pm

2-

IO

Sdich

otomo

us,

branc

hes

bent

and

rellcx

cd.

apice

s ac

ute

to 26

0 x

7 pm

. wi

th

2Z4

branc

hes

to 20

pm

long,

irr

egula

rly

dcnta

tc

10 4

00

x x-

IO p

m.

2- dic

hotom

ouu,

bran

che\

LO

160

pm.

apice

s ac

ute

altcrn

atc,

straig

ht or

bent,

he

ad

cell

13-1

8 x

IO-14

pm

.

alter

nntc.

str

aight

or be

nt.

cntirc

or

lobat

e,

stalk

3-Y

pm

head

ce

ll 9-

13

x 8-

10

pm,

subg

lobos

c, cn

tirc,

stalk

I--X

pm

long

long

alter

nate

or op

posit

e, str

aight

or hc

nt,

head

ce

ll 9-

11

x 6-

8 pm

, glo

bosc

to

ovate

. sta

lk 3-

8 pm

lon

g

altcrn

atc.

usua

lly

benl,

he

ad

ccl1

10-1

3x

9-l

1 pm,

ub

gloho

sc

to ov

ate,

stalk

2-4

pm

long

alter

na~

ucun

lly

straig

ht.

head

cc

l1 15

-19

x lo-

18

pm.

angu

lar

or lob

ate.

sta

lk 6-

10

pm

long

20-3

5 x

7-9

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

crnatc

, qc

para

te.

ampu

llifor

m

x-25

x 6-

7 pm

, op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

. am

pullif

orm

15-2

0 x

6-8

pm,

altcrn

atc

or op

posit

e, am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

IS-lY

x7-Y

pm,

oppo

site

or all

cmatc

. am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

G/c

not

given

, few

. alt

erna

te or

oppo

site,

mixe

d wi

th

apprc

ssori

a. am

pullif

orm

alter

nate.

oft

en

bent,

he

ad

ccl1

14-1

8 x

6-7

pm.

O-1

3 x

Y IO

pm,

glo

boae

to

mostl

y alt

erna

te,

ovate

. \ta

lk 2-

7 pm

lon

g am

pullif

orm.

mi

xed

with

ap

prcsy

oria

aiter

natc.

str

aight

or be

nt,

not

\ccn

head

cc

l1 16

-20

x IO

-12

pm.

ovate

to

cylin

drica

l, <ta

lk x-1

2

IJ”,

long

Lo 1

YO p

m dia

m.

to 14

0 pm

dia

m.,

verm

cose

to 19

0pm

diam.

. “U

TUCO

S~

to I30

ym

dia

m.,

sligh

tly

“CtT

UCOS

C

10 1

90 p

m dia

m.,

verru

cose

to I50

I-“”

&a

m.,

vcrru

covz

10 1

00 p

’m

diam.

, Ye

lTLK

Ob~

38-4

4 x

16-1

8 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

cons

tricted

, Gs

cptat

e

3946

x 11

&13X

9-

10

pm,

oblon

g,

obtus

e, sli

ghtly

co

nstric

ted,

4-scp

tate

30-3

8 x

12-l

5 I-‘“

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

sligh

tly

cons

tricted

, -I-

Septd

le

30-3

5 x

12-1

3 pm

, ob

long

to su

bcllip

soida

l. ob

tuhc.

cons

tricted

, 4.s

cptat

c

3X-4

3 x

14-1

5 pm

, ob

long

to su

bcllip

soida

l, ob

tuse,

cons

tricted

, 4.s

cptat

c

43-4

9 x

14-l

6 pm

. ell

ipsoid

al,

obtus

e. co

nstric

ted,

4.sep

tatc

Acal

vphi

r

AiLh

orne

a

Accd

yha

cror

on

34-4

0 x

I2-

I4 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuhc,

4.scp

tatc

Tab.

4 (

cont

d.)

Spec

ies

of M

eliola

wi

th b

ranc

hed

or d

enta

te s

etae

ass

ocia

ted

with

th

e Eu

phor

biac

eae

Beel

i fo

rmul

a M

ycel

iul

seta

e Ap

pres

soria

Co

nidi

ogen

ous

cells

As

com

atu

Asco

spor

es

Host

genu

s

jam

aice

nsis

3133

.533

3

jane

irens

is 31

33.4

221

jane

irens

is 31

31.4

221

var.

ricin

oden

dri

kaka

meg

ensis

31

41.4

231

micr

opod

u 31

33.3

223

ugan

dens

is 31

43.5

231

to 90

0 x

9-10

pm

, sim

ple

01

scab

rid

to sh

ortly

denta

te,

apice

s su

bacu

te

to 30

0 x

8 pm

, the

ape

x va

rious

ly de

ntate

to 8

pm

to 23

0 x

7-9

pm,

2- to

5m

denta

te,

branc

hes

to 15

pm

to 27

0 x

9-10

pm

, 2-

to 6-

denta

te,

branc

hes

to 5

ym

long,

ac

ute

dimor

phic

; to

900

x 7-

8 pm

, 2-

to 4.d

entat

e, to

5 pm

lon

g;

to 22

0 pm

, mo

re

bran

ched

, to

15 w

to2

20x1

0-12

pm,2-

to 3-

dicho

tomou

s, bra

nche

s re

flexe

d, to

50 p

m

abtIa

te,

stra

ight

or

sinuo

us,

head

cell

15

-20

x 8-

10

pm,

cylin

drica

l to

ellips

oidal,

sta

lk 5-

8 pm

lon

g

altcm

ate

or op

posit

e, str

aight

or sli

ghtly

be

nt,

head

cell

lo-

14

x9-12

pm

, glo

bose

, sta

lk2

-5 pm

lon

g

alter

nate

or un

ilate

ral,

straig

ht,

head

cell

I O

-l 3

x 8-

l 1

pm,

cylin

dric

to cla

vate,

sta

lk 3-

6 pm

alter

nate,

str

aight

to be

nt, h

ead

cdl

14-1

7 x

14-1

7 pm

, lob

ate,

sta

lk 7-

I4 pm

lon

g

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

straig

ht,

head

cell

8-

10

pm d

iam.,

globo

se,

stalk

2-5

pm l

ong

alter

nate

or op

posit

e, t

straig

ht,

head

cell

12

-15

pm d

iam.,

subg

lobos

e to

ovate

, sta

lk 4-

5 pm

long

20-2

8 x

8-10

pm

, alt

erna

te or

oppo

site,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

15-2

0x7-

lOpm

, op

poslt

c or

alter

nate,

fre

quen

t, am

pullif

onn,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

14-2

2 x

6-8

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

apprc

ssori

a

19-2

4 x

5-7

pm,

nume

rous

, op

posit

e, am

pullif

orm

15-1

9x6-

8pm,

op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

16-1

8 x

IO-12

pm

, ve

ry nu

mero

us,

oppo

site

or all

erna

tc,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

to 22

0 pm

49

-58

x 23

-27

pn,

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

wide

ly ell

ipsoid

al,

obtus

e, co

nstric

ted,

4.sep

tate

to 17

0 pm

39

116x

l&17

pm,

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

cylin

dric

to su

bellip

soid,

ob

tuse,

sligh

tly

cons

tricted

, 4.s

eptat

e

to 17

0 pm

38

43

x 14

-16

pm,

diam.

, ve

rmco

se

ellips

oidal

to ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4-se

ptate

180-

210

pm

36-4

6 x

12-1

7 pm

, dia

m..

verru

cosc

ob

long

to fus

oid,

obtus

e, 4.s

eptat

e

to 14

0 pm

34

-38

x 11

-15

pm,

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

oblon

g,

obtus

e, co

nstric

ted,

4-se

ptate

to 24

0 pm

46

-52

x 14

-l 8

pm,

diam.

, vc

rruco

se

oblon

g,

obtus

e, co

nstric

ted,

4-se

ptate

Crot

on

Crot

on

Ricin

o-

dend

ron

Alch

onea

Crot

on

Euph

orbi

a

Data

tak

en f

rom

Ha

nsfo

rd

(196

1).

Kapo

or

(196

7)

and

Mib

ey

& Ha

wksw

orth

(1

997)

.

266 R. K. Mibey & P. E Cannon

currently accepted from Alchornea, Me&la alchnrnricola Hansf. on Alcharnea javan- ensis from Java differs from M. kakamegensis in having larger ascospores (43-49 x 20-22 pm), shorter hyphal cells and appressoria (15-25 x 7-8 and 20-25 x 12-16 pm) respectively, and longer and simple mycelial setae with acute to obtuse apices (to 480 x IO-12 pm). M. alchorneae EL. Stev. & Tehon on Alchornea sp. from Brazil differs from M. kakamegensis in having shorter hyphal cells (to 30 x 5-6 pm), much smaller appressoria (IS-19 x 8-10 pm) with the head cell suhglobose and entire, mycelial setac simple and longer (to 400 x 7-8 pm) with the apices obtuse and irregularly 2-3 dentate (Hansford, 1961). M. micropoda Hansf. (syn. M. crotorlis-nlacr0,Fta~~h~~ii.s Hansf.; Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997) has been recorded from the Shimba Hills in the coastal region of Kenya: this has longer mycelial sctae and much smaller apprcssoria and conidiogenous cells.

Figs 20-22. A4diolu longiuppressoriatu (holotype); 20: mycelial setae with obtuse apices, 21: hyphae exhibiting appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (fi), 22: ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.


Meliola longiappressoriata Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 20-22) Etymology: longiuppressoriatu (Latin), in reference to the rather long appres-

soria. Plagulae amphigenae, densae, ad 4 mm diam. Hyphae undulatae, laxe reticu-

latae, oppositae vel irregulariter acuteque ramosae, cellulis 32-48 x 8-12 pm. Appres- soria alternata, curvula 40-74 x 18-24 pm, cellulue apicales lobatae 24-28 x 18-24 pm, cellulae basales curvulae 1646 x 8-12 pm. Cellulae conidiogenae irregular- itel; conoideae 20-32 x 8-1Opm. Setae mycelialis dispersae, numerosae, subrectae, simplices, apicem acuteque ad 1600 x 8-12 pm. Ascomata dispersa, verrucosa ad 310 pm diam. Ascosporae I-septatae, cylindraceae, constrictae, obtusae 58-64 x 16-20 pm.

Beeli Formula: 3111.6244. Colonies to 4 mm diam., amphigenous, dense, velvety. Hyphae loosely reticulate, undulating, the branching opposite to irregular at acute angles, with cells 3248 x 8-12 pm. Appressoria 40-74 x 18-24 pm, alternate, often distinctly crooked, the head cell 24-28 x 18-24 pm, variously lobed, the basal cell 16-46 x 8-12 pm, usually curved. Conidiogenous cells 20-32 x 8-10 pm, irregular in form but usually almost triangular in surface view, mixed with the appressoria. Mycelial setue to 1600 x 8-l 2 pm, scattered, mostly flexous, simple, acute. Ascomatu to 310 pm diam., perithecioid, scattered, slightly flattened, distinctly verrucose. Asci not seen. Ascospores 58-64 x 16-20 pm, 4-septate, t cylindrical, strongly constricted at the septa, the ends obtuse, dark chocolate brown, without a gelatinous sheath.

Typification: Kenya: Shimba Hills National Reserve, Makadara forest, on leaves of Strychnos sp., 28 Mar. 1999, PF: Cannon 375 (IMI 376673 - holotype of Meliola longiappressoriata).

Host species: Strychnos sp. (Loganiaceae). Distribution: Kenya, not known elsewhere. Notes: Meliola strychni Mibey, also collected from the Shimba Hills National

Reserve on leaves of an undetermined Strychnos, differs from this species in having smaller hyphal cells (16-34 x 668 pm), appressoria (20-31 x 8-12 pm), mycelial setae (200-370 x 8-l 1 pm) and ascospores (33-39 x II-16 pm; Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997). M. longiappressoriata is distinct from all currently known species associated with the Loganiaceae in many size characteristics. The appressoria are particularly large, with unusually long stalk cells, and the mycelial setae, ascomata and ascospores are all towards the upper limit of their respective size ranges for the genus. See Tab. 5 for a comparison with other Meliola species associated with Loganiaceae.

Meliola muhakae Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 23-25). Etymology: muhakae (Latin), in reference to the Kaya Muhaka from where the

type specimen was collected. Plagulae hypophyllae, tenues, ad 3 mm diam. Hyphae undulatae, laxe reticu-

la&e, oppositae acuteque vel luxe ramosae, cellulis 24-36 pm longis. Appressoria opposita, recta vel curvula, 14-29 x 7-12 pm, cellulae apicales angulosae, sublobatae, lo-22 x 7-12 pm, cellulae basales cylindraceae vel cuneatae, 5-7 x 7-10pm. Cellulae conidiogenae numerosae, oppositae, illis appressoria commixta, ampullaceae, 19-24 x 7-10 pm. Setae mycelialis dispersae, subrectae, simplices, apicem acuteque, 760-1350 pm. Ascomata pauces, dispersa, 170-210 pm diam. Ascosporae 4-septatae, cylindraceae vel ellipsoideae, constrictae, obtusae, 43-58 x 19-24 pm.

Beeli Formula: 3 112.5334. Colonies hypophyllous, thin, to 3 mm diam. Hyphae undulating, loosely reticulate, branching opposite at wide angles, with cells 24-36 pm long. Appressoria 1429 x 7-12 pm, opposite, widely spaced, straight to bent, head cell lo-22 x 7-12 pm, angular to sinuous, sublobate, sometimes broadly clavate and entire, basal cell 5-7 x 7-10 pm, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells 19-24 x 7-10 pm,

3121

.523

2 to

350

xX-

10

pm,

nlnnc

rous

, \ca

t1c1

-cd,

\Im

ple

to c

uhun

cinat

c

3 1 I

I ,4

22 I

to

240

x 9

-10

pm,

spais

e.

the

apex

wi

dely

clava

tc

3131

.422

4 to

11

00 x

Y-1

1 sim

ple

pm,

LO de

ntat

e,

stra

ight

3 I 1

3.43

32

LO 34

0 x

10 p

m.

num

erou

s.

stra

ight

. sim

ple.

ac

ute

i I I

I .4

222

to 4

00

x X-

Y pm

, t

stra

ight

, sc

atte

red.

sim

ple.

ac

ute

3 I I

I .6

244

to

1600

x 8

-12

pm.

scat

tere

d,

mos

ll~

flcxo

u\.

,mlp

ic,

aCUl

C

,~““‘

pan,

~~~,

,.,,.,

3

I 11 ,

322

I 1 S

O-20

0 x

7-Y

pm.

dcns

c, ar

cuat

e.

the

apex

oh

ru\e

. 5o

mcti

mcs

\w

olle

n

perih

ii 3

1 I 1

.322

1 to

2X0

x 7

8

pm.

\cattc

rcd.

st

raig

ht,

Gm

ple,

ac

ute

3 I 1

3.42

23

to 5

70 p

m

lung

, \ca

ttcre

d.

Gm

ple,

st

raig

ht.

acut

e to

wb

acut

c

alrcm

atc,

stra

ight

or

he

m.

crow

ded,

he

ad c

ell

IO-

14 x

Y-

I2 p

m.

sulk

2-5

p,n

long

alle

mal

c.

head

cc

l1 17

-26

x 14

-18

pm,

clava

tc,

stalk

II-18

vrn

lo

ng

dtcm

atc,

f hc

nt,

head

cel

l I S

-20

x 7-

9 pm

. sta

lk S-

8 I-“

,, l0

flg

mos

tly

&mat

e,

ofte

n be

nt,

head

cc

l1 I I

-18

x

8 15

pm

un.

stalk

4-8

pm

long

altc

mat

e,

stra

ight

w

hcnt

, he

ad

cell

1 l-2

0 x

7- 9

pm

, sta

lk 5.

IO

pn

long

alte

rnat

e,

ofte

n di

stin

ctly

croo

ked.

he

ad

cell

24-2

X x

18-2

4 ),r

n.

\ialk

16-4

6 x

S-1

2 pt

n

alte

rnat

e.

head

cc

/I 9-

14

X 1 I

-I?

pm,

cllip

lical

or

m

aid,

sta

lk 4-

7 x

S-6.

5 pm

alte

rnat

e,

stra

ight

or

be

nt.

head

ce

ll 12

-17

x 7-

10

pm.

s1alk

J-9

pm

lo

ng

altc

roal

e (*

IO %

op

posit

e),

stra

ight

. he

ad c

ell

not

seen

IS

20 x

S-Y

pm,

10

200

p

cuno

id.

altc

mat

c di

am.,

? sm

ooth

I X-3

0 x

7 pm

, nu

mer

ous,

am

pullif

orm

, al

tem

atc

or o

ppos

ite

1 s-2

0 x

7-Y

pm,

ampu

llifor

m.

alte

rnat

e or

opp

osite

18-2

7 x

7-8

pm,

cono

id

to a

mpu

llifor

m.

inost1

y al

1em

atc

20-3

2 x

8-10

pm

, irr

egul

ar

in f

orm

14-1

8 x

j-6.5

, ve

ry i’a

rc,

ampu

llifor

m

IS-2

2 x

7-8

pm,

rcw.

oppo

sltc

or

alte

rnat

e.

cono

id

lo a

mpu

llifor

m

19-x

x

9-l

0 pm

, op

posit

e or

alte

rnat

e,

to 2

20 p

m

diam

., sli

ghtly

~c

nuco

se

to

150

pm

diam

.. ve

rruco

sc

IO 2

10 p

n dm

n..

sligh

tly

vcrru

cose

to

160p

m

diam

., vc

rruco

sc

to 3

lOpm

di

am..

dist

inct

ly Ve

rlUCO

SC

100-

170

pm

diam

.. gl

ohos

e

to

140

pm

diam

.. \cI

rruco

sc

lo

195

pm

diam

‘V-5

1 x

16-1

9 x

12-1

4 pm

, ob

long

, ob

tuse

. 4.

scpt

atc

4349

x

18-2

1 pm

, cy

imdr

ical.

obtu

se,

4.se

ptat

e

38-4

5 x

14-1

7 x

12-1

3 pn

, el

lipso

id-c

ylind

rical

, ob

tuse

, 4-

scpt

ate

4147

x 16

-18x

13

-E

pm,

oblo

ng,

ohtu

sc.

4.cc

ptat

e

3642

x

17-2

0 pm

, oh

long

, ob

tuse

, I-\

cpta

te

5%64

x

16-X

pn

. 2

cylin

drica

l. ob

tuse

, -I-

SCpt

;ilC

27-3

6 x

13.-I

S x

IO-I

I pm

, ob

long

, oh

tu\c

. 4m

scpt

ate

32-3

8 x

12-1

5 pm

, ob

long

, ob

tuse

, 4.

scpt

ate

3641

.5

x l2

-17p

m,

cylin

drica

l. 4.

tcpta

tc.

Y- I

3 x

8 I2

pm

, sta

lk 2.

5-S

pm

cono

ld

to a

mpu

lllfor

m

cons

trtcte

d at

the

sep

va

long

Tab.

5 (

cont

d.)

Mel

iola

sp

ecie

s as

socia

ted

with

Lo

gania

cene

Beel

i fo

rmul

a M

yelia

l se

tae

Appr

esso

ria

Coni

diog

enou

s ce

lls

Asco

mat

a As

cosp

ores

Ho

st ge

nus

spig

elia

e 31

11.3

221

Slpt

.ht7

i 3 1

1 I .3

222

stvch

nicola

31

11.4

221

stryc

hnico

la va

r. va

nder

ysfli

stryc

hni-

mul

tiflo

rae

3111

.322

1

3111

.322

3

uster

iae

3111

.422

2

warn

ecke

i 31

1 I .

3222

to 30

0 x

7-8

pm,

simple

, str

aight

or sli

ghtly

Re

xuou

s, su

bacu

te 20

0-37

0 x

8-1

I pm,

few

, str

aight

to un

duiat

ing,

acme

to

subo

btuse

to

270

x 7

mn,

straig

ht to

sligh

tly

llexu

ous,

simple

, ob

tuse

to 24

0 x

8-9

pm,

scatt

ered

, str

aight,

sim

ple,

obtus

e

to 60

0 x

7-8

pm,

scatt

ered

, str

aight,

sim

ple,

obtus

e

to 36

0 x

8 pm

, sc

atter

ed,

straig

ht or

sligh

tly

flexu

ous,

simple

, ob

tuse

to 40

0 x

8-9

pm,

straig

ht or

sligh

tly

flexu

ous,

acute

, sim

ple

alter

nate,

As

traigh

t, he

ad c

ell

ovate

, lo-

15

x 6-

8 pm

, sta

lk 3-

5 pm

lon

g alt

erna

te,

straig

ht,

head

cell

12

-l;

x 8-

12

pi,

clava

tc to

aublo

bate

, sta

lk 6-

12

x 6-

8 pm

alt

erna

te,

straig

ht,

head

cell

9-

14

x 9-

12

w,

* cir

cular

, sta

lk 3-

7 pm

lon

g,

cune

ate

alter

nate,

str

aight

or f

bent,

he

ad c

ell

11-1

7 x

8-11

pm

, sta

lk 4-

7 pm

lon

g alt

erna

te,

often

irr

egula

rly

bent,

he

ad c

ell

14-2

1 x

8-12

pm

, sta

lk 5-

10

l.nn

long

alter

nate,

us

ually

str

aight,

he

ad

cell

12-1

6 x

IO-15

pm

, sta

lk 5-

9 pm

lon

g,

cylin

dtic

alter

nate,

str

aight

or rcc

urved

, he

ad c

ell

12-1

8 x

9-12

inn

, sta

lk 5-

8 pm

lon

g

15-2

3 x

6-8

pm,

few,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifor

tn

17-2

5 x

S-8

pm,

few,

Opp

Osi

te

t0

kTt?

gUiX

,

cono

id to

ampu

llifor

m 14

-20

x 7-

8 pm

, op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

am

pullif

otm

15-2

0 x

6-8

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifor

m 18

-24

x 6-

8 pm

, mo

stly

alter

nate,

na

rrowl

y am

pullif

orm

14-1

8 x7

-S

l.trn,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

nume

rous

, am

pullif

orm

14-1

9x7-

8pm,

op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

am

pullif

orm

to co

noid

to 16

0pm

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

90-I

60 p

m dia

m.,

vertu

cose

to 14

Opm

diam.

, ve

rmco

se

to 14

5 l,tr

n dia

m.,

verru

cose

to 13

0pm

diam.

, ve

rmco

se

to 15

0 pm

dia

m.,

vernt

cosc

to 17

0 l,tr

n dia

m.,

verm

cose

2432

x

IO-12

pm

, ob

long

to su

bellip

soid,

ob

tuse,

4.sep

tate

33-3

9 x

II-16

pm

, cy

lindr

ica!

to *cu

rved,

obtus

e, 4-

septa

te 35

41

x 11

-13

pm,

cylin

drica

l, ob

tuse,

4-se

ptate

32-3

6 x

14-1

6 x

12-l

3 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4.sep

tate

30-3

4 x

13-1

4 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4-se

ptate

34-4

0 x

13-1

6 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

4-se

ptate

35-3

9 x

1619

.5

pm,

oblon

g to

ellips

oidal,

ob

tuse,

4-se

ptate

Spig

elia

, St

rych

nos

Stry

chno

s

Stry

chno

s, Ga

ertn

era

Stry

chno

s

Stry

chno

s

Uste

ria,

Anth

ocle

ista

Stry

chno

s

Data

tak

en f

rom

Ha

nsfo

rd

(196

1),

Hosa

goud

ar

& Ab

raha

m

(199

8),

Hugu

enin

(I 96

9).

Mib

ey

& Ha

wksw

orth

(1

997)

an

d Pe

trak

(195

8)


24 25

Figs 23-25. Meliala muhakae (holotype); 23: hyphae with appressoria (+) and conidiogenous cells cd), 24: ascospores, 25: mycelial setae with subacute to obtuse apices. Bar = 30 pm.

numerous, mixed with appressoria, opposite, ampulliform. Mycelial setue 760-1350 pm, scattered, flexuous. simple, acute. Ascomata 170-210 pm diam., perithecial, few, scattered, vcrrucose. Ascospores 43-58 x 19-24 pm, 4-scptate. cylindrical to ellipsoidal. constricted at the septa, obtuse.

‘Qpification: Kenya: South Coast, Kaya Muhaka, on lcaves of Diospyros kabuyeana. 24 Sep. 1998, S. Mathrnge & G. Kuriuki (NAI - holotypc of MPliola muhakae).

Host species: Diospyros kabuyrana F. White (Ebenaceue). Distribution: Kenya, not known from elsewhere. Notes: There is a large number of species of Meliola described from Diospvros

species. M. diospyri H. Sydow (including the two varieties 1cwnensi.s Hansf. and yates~arza (Trotter) Hansf. & Deighton) is similar but has usually narrower ascospores and shorter mycelial setae. Other known species all have alternately rather than oppositely arranged appressoria. Only one species on a member of the Eberzaceue has previously been recorded from Kenya, Meliola fructuosue Mibey (Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997). This occurs on Euclen natu1erz.ri.s subsp. obowta (syn. E. ,jvuctuosrr Hiern; Bcentje. 1994) from


the Shimba Hills. It differs from M. muhakae in having an amphigenous colony habit with densely reticulate hyphae and much shorter hyphal cells (16-25 x 6-9 pm), alternate and longer appressoria 17-35 x 9-14 urn in size, smaller mycelial setae (to 660 pm) and ascospores 47-5 I x 12-20 ym in size. Species of Meliola associated with the Ebenaceae are given in Tab. 6.

Diospyros kabuyeana is considered to have a vulnerable conservation status (Beentje, 1994), and M. muhakae does not appear to be present on other Diospyros species in the vicinity of the type collection. It should provisionally be considered as vulnerable along with its host. Kaya Muhaka is one of the coastal forest remnants which

Figs 26-28. Meliola pkaeomaculans (holotype); 26: hyphae with appressoria (A) and conidiogenous cells (a), 27: mycelial setae with acute apices, 28: ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.

Tab.

6. Sp

ecies

of

‘ Me

lioln

asso

ciated

wi

th

the

Ehrn

uc~a

e

3 I 1

3.42

23

to 70

0 x

10-l

2 vtr

aight

pm

Cmple

, ob

tuse.

3 I 12

.422

3 Lo

700

x Y

--l I

pm,

atra

ight.

Gmplc

, oh

tuw

31 12

.53

3 lo

750

x IO

&l 1

str

aight

pm,

Gmplc

. ob

tuse

IO s

ubac

ute

31 1

3.63

33

to 75

0 x

X-l

1 pm.

str

aight

Gmplc

. ac

u~r

to wb

acute

3 I 13

.423

3 to

750

x Y-

l I p

m,

waigh

t, sim

ple.

acute

to

wbac

ute

3 I I

I A22

1 27

0&66

0 x

8-I

I pm,

\im

pic

eqht,

ob

tuse

alter

nate

(to

oppo

site)

, mo

stly

straig

ht,

head

cell

I l

-18

x 8-

I I p

m, o

vate

to flo

bose

, Gi

lL 4-

Y pm

lon

g

opp”

\ite,

urua

lly

straig

ht he

ad

cell

IO-13

x

7-Y

pm,

wale

to wb

cono

id.

stalk

3-6

pm l

ong

oppo

site

. usuall

y str

aight,

he

ad

cell

12-1

6 x

IO-14

pm

, ov

ate

or clo

\~ate

. sta

lk 3-

6 Fr

n lon

g

altci-

natc,

str

aight

or be

nt, h

ead

cell

13-X

x

10~1

9 pm

. su

hgiob

ose

to lob

ate,

sta

lk S-

30

pm l

ong.

so

metim

es

scpta

re

altct-

natc

or op

posit

e, mo

stly

straig

ht,

head

ccl1

Y-1

3 x

X-IO

pm

. glo

bosc

to

oblon

g,

Ah

2-6

vrn

long

,dtem

ate

or op

po\itc

. wa

ight

01

hcnt.

he

ad c

ell

12

I9 x

9-l

2 pm

. CI

B\‘B

lC 1

0 wh

lohat

e.

\talk

S-X

pm l

ong

altcm

atc,

straig

ht,

head

ccl1

14

-26

x Y

I4 pm

, cla

wte

to an

gular

. Qd

lk ce

ll 3.

Y pm

lon

g

1 S-2

5 x

7-X

pm,

to 24

0 pm

40

48

x 16

-19

pm,

Dios

y.wos

alt

erna

le or

oppo

site,

diam.

. ~c

rruco

w ob

long,

ob

tuse,

cono

id to

nmpu

llifor

m,

shgh

tly

cons

tricted

, mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

4-s

cptat

c

IS-2

4 x

7-8

pm,

few,

lo 20

0 pm

34

42

x 14

-16

pm,

D10s

pyr0s

. op

poslt

c or

altcrn

atc,

dinm.

, ~c

~~uc

osc

oblon

g,

obtus

e. M

uba

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d co

nstric

ted.

4-sep

tatc

with

ap

pres

soria

P

16

~20

x Y-

10

pm,

few.

unkn

own

46-5

0 x

20-2

I p

m,

DiO

.Sp~

fV.~

op

postt

e or

allcm

ale,

oblon

g to

ampu

llifor

m.

mixe

d su

bellip

aoidn

l, ob

tuse,

with

ap

pres

soria

sli

ghtly

co

nstric

ted,

4sep

tate

7:

I X-2

9 x

to 30

0 pm

diam

. SO

-62

x 19

-23

pm,

Diox

pwos

7-

Y pm

. +

alrer

nate,

q

lindr

ical

lo co

noid

to am

pullif

orm.

wb

ellips

oidal,

ob

tuse,

mixe

d wt

h ap

prea

aoria

co

nstric

ted,

4.acp

tatc

17-2

2 x

7-Y

pm,

to IX

Opm

3643

x

14-1

5 x

DW,p

lWS

oppo

sltc

or alt

erna

te,

Jiarn

., \ e

rrucw

e 12

-l 3

pm,

oblon

g,

ampu

llifor

nm.

mixe

d ob

turc

cons

tricted

, wi

th

apprc

ssori

a 4.s

eptat

e

20-E

x

7-Y

pm,

10 2

20 p

m 33

49

x IS

-19

pm.

fkku

oppo

site

or ait

erna

tc,

diam.

, ww

cosc

oh

long,

oh

twc,

cono

id to

ampu

lhfor

m.

cons

tricted

, 4.s

eptat

e mi

xed

with

ap

pres

aoria

19-2

3 x

6-Y

pm,

13%

I80

pm

47-S

I x

12

-20

pm,

Eucle

a op

posil

c oi

inqula

r. dia

m.,

vcrm

cosc

sli

ghtly

fus

oid,

obtus

e, nu

mero

u\,

mixe

d wi

th

cowt

rictcd

, 4.s

cptat

c ap

prc\w

ria

Tab.

6 (co

ntd.)

Spec

ies

of Me

liola

asso

ciated

wi

th

the

Eben

acea

e

Beeli

for

mula

Myce

lial

setac

Ap

pres

soria

Co

nidiog

enou

s ce

lls

Asco

mata

Asco

spore

s Ho

st ge

nus

hirsu

ta 31

11.4

224

to 21

70x

8-12

pm

, s:r

aight

to fle

xuou

s, sim

ple,

acute

to

suba

cute

hirsu

ta va

r. 31

13.4

224

to 22

00

x 7-

10

pm,

major

str

aight,

sim

ple,

the

apex

att

enua

te to

obtus

e

mega

locar

pa

3111

.633

3 to

800x

11

-13

pm,

straig

ht,

simple

, ob

tuse

muha

kae

3112

.533

4 76

0-13

50

pm,

simple

, tle

xuou

s, ac

ute

alter

nate

(to

oppo

site)

, va

rious

ly be

nt.

head

cc

l! 7-

I 1

x 5-

11

w,

oblon

g to

subg

lobos

e, sta

lk 3-

10

pm

long

alter

nate,

str

aight

or sli

ghtly

be

nt,

head

ce

ll 10

-l 5

x 7-

9 pm

, ob

long

to su

bclav

ate,

stalk

3-6

pm

long

alter

nate,

str

aight

or sli

ghtly

rec

urved

, he

ad

cell

16-2

0 x

I O-1

5 pm

, ov

ate

to ob

long,

sta

lk 4-

10

pm

long

oppo

site,

straig

ht to

bent,

he

ad

cell

10-2

2x

7-12

pm

, an

gular

to

sublo

bate,

sta

lk 5-

7 pm

lon

g

16-2

0 x

5-7

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifon

n,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

18-2

3 x

6-7

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

22-2

7 x

9-11

pm

, alt

erna

te or

oppo

site,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

19-2

4 x

7-10

pm

, nu

mero

us,

oppo

site,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

to 18

0pm

diam.

, “er

nlcos

e

to 16

0 pm

dia

m.,

verru

cose

to 22

0 pm

dia

m.,

verru

cose

170-

2 10

pm

diam.

,

2841

x

13-1

5 x

Dios

pyros

m

IO-12

ur

n. ob

long.

6’

obtus

e, sli

ghtly

G

cons

tricted

, 4-

septa

te -2 5 0

4148

x

16-1

9 x

Dios

pyros

z

12-1

4 ob

long,

pm

, 6.

obtus

e, co

nstric

ted,

3 4-

septa

te 3

57-6

2 x

22-2

6 pm

, Ma

ba

oblon

g,

obtus

e, F

cons

tricted

, 4-

septa

te :

43-5

8 x

19-2

4 pm

, Di

ospy

ros

cylin

drica

l to

ellips

oidal,

ob

tuse,

cons

tricted

, 4-

septa

te

Data

taken

fro

m Ha

nsfor

d (1

961)

an

d Mi

bey

& Ha

wksw

orth

(199

7).


have been protected over the centuries as they are considered to be sacred areas to the local inhabitants, though increasing pressures on land and a decline in respect for traditional values are causing renewed conservation threats.

Meliola phaeomaculans Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 26-28). Etymology: phaeomaculuns (Latin), in reference to the brown discoloration 01

the leaf by this fungus. Plagu~ue hypophyllae, tmues, ad 4 mm diam. Hyphae undulatae. lax-e r&w

lame, oppositae acuteque vel lane ramosae, cellulis 2044 x 4-6 pm. Appressoria 16-20 x 6-8 pm, opposita vel alternata, recta vu1 curiwla. cellulae apicules 8-14 X h-spurn, clavatae vel angulosae, cellulae busales 4-6 x 6 pm, cylindruceae. Cellulae conidiogenae 18-22 x 6-8 p77, pauses, irregulares, illis uppressoria c’ommixtu, ampullaceae. Setae myceliales 600-760 x 6-10 pm, dispersae, numerosue, rectue, ramo- sue, apicem acute. Ascomata 150-170 pm dium.. dispersa. Ascosporae 32-38 x IO-14 pm, 4-septatae, ellipsoidear, cnnstrictue. .subacute.s.

Bceli Formula: 31 13.3223. Colonies to 4 mm diam., hypophyllous, thin, spreading to form large brown patches on the affected surfaces. Hyphae undulating, loosely reticulate, branching opposite at acute angles, with cells 20-44 x 4-6 pm. Appre.ssoria 16-20 x 6-8 pm, opposite to alternate, widely spaced, straight to bent, head cell 8-14 x 6-8 pm, broadly clavate to angular, entire, basal cell 4-6 x ELI 6 pm, cylindrical. Conidiogenous cells 18-22 x 6-8 pm, few, irregular. mixed with appressoria. and sometimes paired with them, ampulliform. Myceiial Setme 600-760 x 6-10 pm, scattered, straight, simple, acute. Ascomatu 150-l 70 pm diam., perithccial, scattered. mostly smooth. Ascaspores 32-38 x IO-14 pm, 4-septate, ellipsoidal. constricted, subacute.

Typification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, lsiukhu River Trail, Salazar circuit, on leaves of Tiliacoru kenyensis, 28 Feb. 1998, l?E Cannon 212 ([MI 376568b - holotype of Meliola phaeomuculans).

Host species: Tiliacora kenyensis Troupin (Menispermaceae). Distribution: Kenya, not known elsewhere. Notes: This is one of the few Meliola species which results in significant

damage to the host tissues, the leaf surface underneath and surrounding the colonies becoming significantly browned. This distinguishes M. phaeomacu/ar~.s from the similar M. cissampeli var. tiliucorue Hansf. & Dcighton (from Tiliawra in West Africa; Hughes. 19.52; Hansford, 1961) which also has shorter and wider conidiogenous cells and mycclial sctae which are sometimes dentate. Other species associated with the Menisper- maceae are contrasted in Tab. 7. No species of Mrliolu from that family has previously been rccordcd in Kenya.

Data from Hansford (I 961) Hansford & Dcighton ( 1948) and Hughes ( 1952).

Meliola phytoluccae Hansf. & Stev., J. Linn. Sot. London 51: 279 (1937). A new record for Kenya. Specimens examined: Kenya: Cherangani Hills, Cheranganyi Forest, on Phy-

tolacca dodecundra, 23 July 1997, R.K. Mibey 1481 (NAI). There are seven further collections on this host species from Uganda.

Meliola polytricha Kalchhr. & Cooke, Grevillea 8: 72 (1879). These constitute the first records of Meliola polytricha on Pittosporum mannii,

and are also new records for Kenya. Specimens examined: Kenya: Cherangani Hills, Cheranganyi Forest, on

Pittosporum lanaturn, 23 July 1997, R.K. Mihey 1494 (NAI); Kakamcga Forest, on Pittosporum lanaturn, 29 June 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI): Kakamcga Forest, northern sector, Isiukho River trail, on Pittosporum mannii subsp. ripicola. I8 July 1997. P.F:

Tab.

7.

Spec

ies o

f M

elio

la

asso

ciated

wi

th

the

Men

isper

mac

eae

Beel

i fo

rmul

a My

celia

l se

tae

Appr

esso

ria

Coni

diog

enou

s ce

lls

Asco

mar

a As

cosp

ores

Ho

st ge

nus

bang

uien

sis

cissa

mpe

li

cissu

mpe

li va

r.

cissa

m-

pelic

ola

3111

.322

2

peric

ampy

lr 31

13.4

223

peric

ampy

h Ku

. tri

clisia

e

3 113

.422

3

phae

o-

mad

am

3113

.322

3

step

hani

ae

3111

.322

1

3111

.322

3

3 133

.422

2

3133

.322

3

to 65

0 x

lo-12

pm

, sim

ple,

straig

ht,

acute

to 36

0 x

7-9

pm,

straig

ht to

torulo

se,

usua

lly

2. to

3-de

ntate

to 72

0 x

8-9

pm,

straig

ht,

acute

, sim

ple

or 2-

denta

te

to 34

0 x

8-9

pm,

simple

, so

mewh

at be

nt,

obtus

e

to 80

0 x

9-12

pm

, sim

ple,

straig

ht,

acute

to 65

0 x

9-12

ym

, sim

ple,

straig

ht,

acute

600-

760

x 6-

10

pm,

simple

, str

aight,

ac

ute

to 24

0 x

7-9

pm,

straig

ht or

sligh

tly

flcxu

ous,

simple

, ob

tuse

alter

nate,

str

aight,

he

ad c

ell

10-1

7x

lo-12

pm,

subg

lobos

e to

ovate

, sta

lk 4-

7 pm

alter

nate

(to

oppo

site)

, str

aight,

he

ad c

ell

9913

x

8-12

pm

, su

bglob

ose,

stalk

3-6

pm

alter

nate

(to

oppo

site)

, i-

straig

ht,

head

cell

II-

16

x i&

I 2

Itrn,

clava

te,

stalk

3-7

pm

alter

nate,

str

aight

or be

nt,

head

ce

ll 13

-20

x 9-

l 3

pm,

ovate

to

clava

te,

stalk

4-l

1 w

alter

nate

(to

oppo

site)

, str

aight

or be

nt,

head

cell

11

-16

x 9-

13

pm,

subg

lobos

e to

oblon

g,

stalk

48

pm

alter

nate

to op

posit

e, str

aight,

he

ad c

ell

11-1

7 x

E-10

pm

, ob

long,

sta

lk 22

6 pm

oppo

site

to alt

erna

te,

straig

ht to

bent,

hea

d ce

ll 8-

14

x 6-

8 pm

, cla

vatc

to an

gular

, sta

lk 44

6 pm

alt

ematc

, str

aight,

he

ad c

ell

12-1

6 x

10-1

3 mn

, su

bglob

ose

to cla

vate,

sta

lk 4-

9 pm

16-2

0 x

7-9

pm,

oppo

site

or un

ilate

ral,

ampu

llifot

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

15-2

0 x

6-8

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifot

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

15-1

9 x

8-9

pm,

altcm

ate

or op

posit

e, am

puilif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

prea

soria

14

-23

x 6-

8 pm

, ins

ertio

n va

ried,

ampu

llifor

m,

sepa

rate

from

appr

esso

tia

16-2

8 x

7-9

pm,

few,

alter

nate

or op

posit

e, am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

sotia

18

-24

x 6-

8 I,tr

n, op

posit

e or

unila

tera

l, am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

prcss

oria

18-2

2 x

6-8

I.trn,

few,

irreg

ular,

ampu

llifor

m,

to lS

OI.tr

n dia

m.,

verm

cose

to 18

0 pm

dia

m.,

verru

cose

to 16

0 pm

dia

m.,

sligh

tly

VeIT

”C”b

C

to 16

0pm

diam.

, ve

rruco

se

to 20

0 pm

dia

m.,

verru

cose

to 18

0 pm

dia

m..

vcrru

cose

150-

170

pm

diam.

, mo

stly

3540

x

13-1

4 x

1 l-l

2 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

cons

tricted

, 4-

septa

te 36

40

x 12

-15

pm,

oblon

g to

sube

llip-

soida

l, ob

tuse,

4-se

ptate

3440

x

13-l

5 pm

, ob

long,

ob

tuse,

cons

tricted

, 4-

septa

te

3439

x

13-1

6 ~m

r, ob

long

to su

bellip

- so

idal,

obtus

e, 4-

septa

te 38

46

x 13

-16

pm,

oblon

g,

obtus

e, sli

ghtly

co

nstric

ted,

4-se

ptate

4044

x

1416

pm

, ob

long

to su

bellip

- ao

idal,

obtus

e, 4-

septa

te 32

-38

x lo-

14

pm,

ellips

oidal,

co

nstric

ted,

indet

. M

enisp

erm

acea

e

Ciss

ampe

los,

Rh

igio

cary

a

Tiliu

cora

m

5’

2 a

Ciss

ampe

los

g.

Peric

ampy

lus

g 3 Pi

B Tr

iclisi

a,

2 Ep

inet

rum

Tilia

cora

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

smoo

th su

bacu

te,

4-se

ptate

20-2

5 x

7-9

pm,

to 15

0 pm

33

-39

x 14

-16

x op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

dia

m.,

verm

cose

12

-13

pm,

oblon

g,

cono

id to

amull

iform

, ob

tuse,

cons

tricted

, se

para

te fro

m 4-s

cptat

e ap

pres

sona

Step

hani

a,

Cycle

a

- Da

ta f

rom

Ha

nsfo

rd

(196

1),

Hans

ford

&

Deigh

ton

(194

8)

and

Hugh

es

(195

2).


Cunnon 58 (IMI 376437); same locality and host, 1 Mar. 1998, PF: C~rnnon 228 (IMI 376582); same data, R. K. Mibey (NAI); Kakamcga Foresl, on Pittosporum mannii subsp. ripicola, 26 Mar. 1998, R.K. Mibey (NAI). Other material in IMI originates from Australia, Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda and Zaire, on P undulntum and P ~irid{florum as well as P. lanaturn.

Meliola pycnostachydis Hansf., J. Linn. Sot. London 51: 543 (1938). Me&la pycnostachydis has not previously been reported from the host species

Achyrospermum purv~jlorum, or from Kenya. Specimens examined: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, track to lsiukho River from

Salazar Circuit, on Achyrospermum parv{jforum. 28 Feb. 1998, RF: Cunmm 207 (IMI 376590a): Kakamega Forest, lsacheno arca, Khaycga Swamp area, riverline near Sigalagala, on Aclqwspermum parv@wum. I Apr. 1999. R.K. Mibrx 1500 (NAI). Other material in IMI includes collections from Uganda on Pycnostrrch~s sp. and Achyrosprr- mum axillaris.

29

Figs 29-31. Meliola taitensis (holotype); 29: hyphae with widely spaced appressoria (*) and conidiogenous cells (a), 30: mycelial setae with acute apices. 3 1: ascospores. Bar = 20 pm.


Meliola taitensis Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 29-3 1). Etymology: taitensis (Latin), in reference to the locality, the Taita Hills, from

where the type specimen was collected. Plagulae amphigenae, tenues, ad 3 mm diam. Hyphae subrectae, laxe reticula-

tae, oppositae acuteque ramosae, cellulis 3444 x 4-6 pm. Appressoria 18-28 x 8-12 pm, alternata, recta vel leniter curvula, cellulae apicales IO-14 x 8-12 pm, clavatae, integrae, cellulae basales 6-10 x 6pm, cylindraceae vel cuneatae. Cellulae conidiogenae 20-26 x 4-6 pm, numerosae, alternatae, illis appressoria commixta, ampullaceae. Setae myceliales 150-470 x 8 pm, dispersae, subrectae, simplices, apicem acutae. Ascomata 140-160 pm diam., dispersa, verrucosa. Ascosporae 40-44 x lo-12 pm, 4-septatae, jksoideae, constrictae, subacutae.

Beeli Formula: 3 111.4222. Colonies amphigenous, thin, to 3 mm diam., heavily parasitized by Spiropes. Hyphae substraight, loosely reticulate, branching opposite at acute angles, with cells 3444 x 4-6 pm in size. Appressoria 18-28 x 8-12 pm, alternate to linear, straight to slightly bent, widely spaced, head cell lo-14 x 8-12 pm, clavate, entire, basal cell 6-10 x ca 6 urn, cylindrical to cuneate. Conidiogenous cells 20-26 x 4-6 pm, numerous, alternate, mixed with appressoria, ampulliform. Mycelial setae 150-470 x 8 pm, numerous, scattered, mostly flexuous, simple, acute. Ascomata 140-160 pm diam., perithecial, scattered, verrucose. Ascospores 40-44 x lo-12 pm, 4-septate, fusoid, constricted, subacute.

Typification: Kenya: Taita Hills, Ngaongao forest, on leaves of Chassalia discolor ssp. taitensis, 18 Mar. 1999, P.F. Cannon 325 (IMI 376672d - holotype of Meliola taitensis).

Host species: Chassalia discolor subsp. taitensis Verde. (Rubiaceae). Distribution: Kenya, not known elswhere. Notes: M. taitensis has unusually narrow ascospores which are almost fusiform

and acute-ended, in contrast to the cylindrical obtuse spores found in most of the rest of the genus. Meliola species associated with the Rubiaceae are very diverse, and Tab. 8 charts the similarities and differences between M. taitensis and a cluster of species with similar basic morphological traits. A number of Meliola species with hosts belonging to the Rubiaceae are already known from Kenya, including M. chassaliae Mibey (Mibey & Hawksworth, 1997) and M. craterispermi Mibey & P.F. Cannon (this paper). M. chassaliae differs from this species in having smaller and opposite conidiogenous cells and significantly wider ascospores, while M. craterispermi (part of the M. psychotriae group) has obtuse mycelial setae and shorter, wider ascospores.

Other material examined: Kenya: Taita Hills, Ngaongao forest, on leaves of Chassalia discolor ssp. taitensis, 18 Mar. 1999, R. K. Mibey (NAI).

Meliola trilepisii Mibey & P.F. Cannon sp. nov. (Figs 32-34). Etymology: trilepisii (Latin), in reference to the host genus Trilepisium. Plagulae subdensae, ad 1 mm diam., hyphophyllae. Hyphae densae reticulatae,

subrectae, oppositae acuteque ramosae, cellulis 14-20 x 8-10 pm. Appressoria 22-28 x 12-16pm, numerosae, alternatae vel irregulares, rectae vel curvulae, cellulae apicales 14-18 x 12-16,um, clavatae, integrae vel sublobatae, cellulae basales 8-10 x 8-IO pm, cylindraceae vel cuneatae. Cellulae conidiogenae 20-24 x 8-lO pm, numerosae, illis appressoria commixta, oppositae vel irregulares, ampullaceae. Setae myceliales 180-210 x lo-12 pm, pauces, discretae, rectae vel curvulae, simplices, 2- ad 4-cristatae. Ascomata 180-230 pm diam., dispersa, verrucosa. Ascosporae 44-50 x 16-22 pm, 4-septatae, ellipsoideae, obtusae, constrictae.

Beeli Formula: 3131.4331. Colonies subdense, discrete, to 1 mm diam., on lower leaf surface. Hyphae closely reticulate, substraight, branching opposite at acute to wide angles, with cells 14-20 x 8-10 pm in size. Appressoria 22-28 x 12-16 pm,

Tab.

8.

Sp

ecie

s of

M

e/irJ

~ as

socia

ted

with

th

e Ru

biac

~re

with

sim

ple

acu~

c m

yccli

al

seta

c. al

tern

ate

appr

esso

ria

and

asco

spor

es

reac

hing

be

twee

n 2

40

and

50

pm

in

leng

th

GO

, rrn

rhri

cmrh

ov~w

mi

31 I

1.4

232

to 4

20

x 9

pm.

stra

ight

. sim

ple,

ac

ute

hwun

itmu

311l

.422

2 21

0-35

0~6-

9~1~

1 hl

mpl

c,

stra

ight

, ac

ute

3 11

I .5

222

lo

380

X X-

l I

pm,

rimpl

e,

stra

ight

. ac

ute

c~hc

zsstr

lrcLe

3

1 I I

.A22

3 37

0-56

0 x

8-l

I pm

. sim

ple.

st

raig

ht.

acut

e

rlthi

trcec

lr-Ll

m

3 I I

I.42

23

280-

540

x 6-

9 pm

ctm

plc.

stra

ight

, ac

ute

fuirr

n.Yi

.s

3 I I

I .4

222

I SO-

470

x 8

pm.

mos

tly

Ilcxu

ou\,

simpl

e.

acut

e

altc

mat

e,

usua

lly

stra

ight

, hc

tld

ccl1

13-1

8 x

IO-1

4 pm

. cla

vtitc.

sta

lk S-

10

ym

alte

rnat

e.

stra

ight

, he

ad

cell

14-2

0 x

9-l

3 pm

, cla

vate

. \ta

lk el

onga

te

;tlte

mat

c,

usua

lly

bent

, he

ad

cell

IS-2

1 x

I I-1

7 pm

, cy

lindr

ic-cla

vatc

or

lohc

d.

<tal

k 7-

12

pm

alte

mat

c or

irr

egul

ar,

<tra

ight

. he

ad

ccl1

12-2

0 X

8--

I?

pm,

clava

v2.

stalk

8-12

pm

oppo

sftc

or

alte

rnat

e,

stra

ight

. he

ad

cell

9-19

x

I IL1

3 pm

. cla

vatc

to

subg

lobo

se,

atal

k 6

12 @

m

~ltcr

n;~t

c. st

raig

ht,

head

cc

l1 9-

I6

x

6..

I I p

m.

clava

te,

stal

l\ 3-

h pm

altc

mat

c to

lin

ear,

stra

ight

or

cbe

nt,

head

ce

ll IO

-14

X x-

12

pm.

clava

re.

stalk

6-

IO p

m

-

ampu

llifor

m,

sepa

rate

fro

m

appr

esho

ria

16-Z

x

6-7

pm,

num

erou

s.

oppo

site

to

irreg

ular

, am

pullif

orm

M

I con

oid,

m

ixed

with

ap

prea

soria

mea

sure

men

ts

not

give

n,

few,

am

pullif

orm

, m

ixed

with

ap

pres

soria

16-2

3 x

6-9

pm,

oppo

site.

am

pullif

orm

. m

ixed

with

ap

prcs

soria

, nu

rncr

ou~

14-

23 x

S-

9 pm

, nu

mer

ous.

op

posit

e.

ampu

llifor

m.

mixe

d tii

th

appr

er\o

ria

14-1

6 x6

-X

pm.

oppo

bitc

lo

irre

gula

r. fe

w,

ampu

ll ifo

rm.

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

20-2

6 x

4-6

pm.

num

crou

h,

altc

mat

c.

ampu

llifor

m.

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esao

ria --

I oo-

I50

pm

di

am

to

190p

m

diitm

., vc

rruco

se

100-

l 40

pm

di

nm

I OS-

I S

O pm

di

am

105-

I 55

pm

di

am

140-

l 60

pm

40

-44

x IO

- I2

pm

, di

am.,

fusif

orm

, co

nstri

cted.

“e

rr”co

sc

\uha

cutc,

4-

sep~

ate

\ubc

llipso

idal

, oh

tusc

, sli

ghtly

co

nstri

cted,

4.

sept

atc

33-4

2 x

12-1

6 pm

. oh

long

. so

met

imes

cu

rved

, ob

tuse

, (2

-) 4-

scpt

atc

40-5

2 x

12-1

6 pn

, ob

long

to

fu

sifor

m,

obtu

se,

sligh

tly

cons

tricte

d,

4.se

pvat

c

3613

x

12-1

9 pm

. oh

long

. ob

tuse

, l-S

Cpta

te

39-4

5 x

14-2

0 pm

, cy

lindr

ical,

ohtu

sc

to

acut

e,

cons

tricte

d.

3-

to

4-hc

ptat

c

34-4

2 x

Y-17

pm

. ob

long

, a~

utc

LO

obtu

se.

cons

tricte

d,

4-,e

ptat

e

indc

t. Ru

binc

eae

Cnnt

hium

inde

t. Ru

bkcr

or

Chas

salia

Tab.

8 (

cont

d.)

Spec

ies

of M

eli&

asso

ciate

d wi

th

the

Rubia

ceae

wi

th

simpl

e ac

ute

myc

elia

l se

tae,

alte

rnat

e ap

pres

soria

an

d as

cosp

ores

rea

ching

be

twee

n 40

and

50

pm i

n len

gth

Beel

i J~

oimuia

M

ycel

ial

seta

e Ap

pres

soria

Co

nidi

ogen

ous

cells

thal

l~on

is 31

11.4

232

to 32

0 x

8-10

pm

, sim

ple,

var.

straig

ht or

arcu

ate

abov

e, na

ucle

ae

acute

or

suba

cute

webe

ri 31

11.4

223

to 80

0 x

6-8

pm,

simple

, str

aight

or sli

ghtly

be

nt,

suba

cute

alter

nate

or sc

atter

ed,

straig

ht or

bent,

he

ad

cell

15-2

2 x

11-1

6 pm

, ob

long

to ov

ate

or an

gular

, sta

lk 7-

12

pm

alter

nate,

str

aight

or be

nt,

head

ce

ll 14

-20

x IO

-14

pm,

ovate

to

oblon

g,

some

times

an

gular

, sta

lk 8-

14

pm

16-2

0 x

7-9

pm,

alter

nate,

am

pulli-

for

m,

sepa

rate

from

the a

pprcs

soria

on

sin

uous

ra

diatin

g hy

phae

16-2

0 x

6-8

pm,

cono

id to

ampu

llifor

m,

sepa

rate

from

the

appr

esso

ria

Asco

mat

a As

rosp

ores

Ho

st ge

nus

_.

m

2 a to

220

pm

3848

x13-

15x

Nauc

lea

a

diam.

, 12

-13p

m,

oblon

g,

g

verru

cose

ob

tuse,

sligh

tly

2 co

nstric

ted,

4-se

ptate

G. P 3

to 12

0 pm

40

48

x 18

-20

pm,

Web

era

x dia

m.,

oblon

g,

obtus

e, 3

verru

cose

co

nstric

ted,

4-se

ptate

2

Data

fro

m H

ansf

ord

(196

1),

Kapo

or

(196

7)

and

Mib

ey

& Ha

wksw

orth

(1

997)

.

R. K. Mibey & P. F. Cannon

Figs 32-34. Mrliob trilepisii (holotype); 32: hyphae with appressoria (+) and conidiogenous cells (his); 33: mycelial setae with furcate apices, 34: nscospores. Bar = 20 urn.

numerous, altematc to irregular, straight to bent, head cell 14-l 8 x l2- I6 pm, broadly clavatc, entire to sublobate, basal cell 8-10 x 8-10 pm, cylindric to cuneate. Corzirliog- enous cells 20-24 x 8-10 pm, numerous, mixed with appressoria, opposite to irregular. ampulliform, often bent. M~w&zZ setar I SO-2 10 x IO-I 2 pm. rather few, scattered. straight to bent, simple, 2- to 4-cristate. Ascomata 180-230 pm diam.. scattered. verrucose. Ascospores 44-50 x 16-22 pm. ellipsoidal. obtuse. constricted. 4-scptatc.

Typification: Kenya: Kakamega Forest, Yala Nature Reserve, Yala Nature Trail, midway between Yala river and the entrance, on leaves of Trilrpisiw?7 r,ltrdcrgrrsc,trrirtrse, 25 May 1999, R.K. Mihq (NAI - holotypc of Meliola trilepisii).

Host species: Trilepisium tnud(~Ra.Fc~clriPr?s~, DC. (Morwrcrr) Distribution: Kenya, not known elsewhere. Notes: Only four other taxa of Meliolo associated with the Moraceac have sctae

which arc branched or dentate; see Tab. 9. M. .sor~~‘~~~eue var. qfriccmu Hansf. on the same host species as M. trilepisii (under its synonym Ho.squirrr phohrrrx; Beentjc, 1994) from

Tab.

9.

Spec

ies o

f M

eliola

wi

th

bran

ched

or

den

tate

se

tae

asso

ciate

d wi

th

the

Mor

ucen

e

Beel

i ,fo

rmul

a M

ycel

ial

Sein

e Ap

pres

soria

Co

nidi

ogen

ous

cells

As

com

ata

Ascn

spor

es

Host

genu

s

chlo

roph

orue

31

33.4

221

to 26

0 x

669

pm,

straig

ht,

i- to

4-de

ntate

or &r

are

with

bra

nche

s to

10 u

rn

Somc

eae

3 131

.433

2 to

350

x 8-

9 ur

n, str

aight

or +

bent,

sc

abrid

, de

ntate

with

bra

nche

s to

18 p

m

wroc

eae

Ku.

afric

ana

3131

.532

2 to

320~

9~10

pm,

straig

ht,

apex

irr

egula

rly

denta

te,

branc

hes

to 10

pm

lrile

pisii

31

31.4

331

180P

210x

lo-

12pm

, str

aight

to be

nt,

simple

, 2-

to 4-c

ristat

e

alter

nate

(to

oppo

site)

, us

ually

str

aight,

he

ad

ceil

8-14

x

8-12

ur

n, glo

bose

to

pyrifo

rm,

stalk

3-6

urn

alter

nate,

oft

en

bent,

he

ad

cell

15-2

1 x

8-10

pm

, ob

long,

en

tire.

stalk

3-7

pm

alter

nate,

str

aight

or ?

bent,

he

ad

cell

15-2

1 x

9-14

, cla

vate

to an

gular

, sta

lk 5-

l 5

pm

alter

nate

to irr

egula

r, str

aight

to be

nt,

head

ce

ll 14

-18

x 12

-16

pm,

clava

te to

lobat

e,

stalk

S-10

pm

14-1

9 x

6-7

pm,

oppo

site

or alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

17-2

2 x

6-7

pm,

mostl

y alt

erna

te,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

18-2

5 x

8-10

pm

, op

posit

e or

alter

nate,

am

pullif

orm,

mi

xed

with

ap

pres

soria

20-2

4 x

8-l

0 pm

, op

posit

e to

irreg

ular,

ampu

llifor

m,

mixe

d wi

th

appr

esso

ria

to 1 X

0(-3

00)

pm

diam.

, vc

mcos

e

to 18

0 ur

n dia

m.,

verru

cose

to 20

0 pm

dia

m.,

verru

cose

I SO-

230

pm

44-5

0 x

16-2

2 pm

, Tr

ilepi

sium

dia

m.,

ellips

oidal,

ob

tuse,

vcrru

cose

co

nstric

ted,

4-sep

tatc

3444

x

13-1

6 pm

. ob

long,

ob

tuse,

Chlo

roph

ora

m e,

sligh

tly

cons

tricted

, z

4-se

ptate

+8 3

42-5

0 x

20-2

3 pm

, So

roce

a 0

ellips

oidal,

ob

tuse,

2 co

nstric

ted,

4-scp

tate

6. 3 46

-56

x 19

-24

pm,

Bosq

uiea

El

ob

long

to ell

ipsoid

al,

R ob

tuse,

4-se

ptate

3” 2

Data

fro

m H

ansf

ord

(196

1).


Uganda differs in having larger ascospores (46-56 x 19-24 pm) and appressoria (22-35 pm long). M. chlorophome Hansf. on Chlorophoru excelsa from Uganda differs in having longer hyphal cells (20-40 x 6-8 pm) and shorter ascospores (34-44 x 13-16 pm). No Meliolu has previously been reported from Kenya on a host from the Moracrar.

Acknowledgements. This study was made possible by a grant from the Darwin Initialive Programmc. administered by the UK Government’s Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, to whom we are most grateful. Much appreciation goes to the University of Nairobi Administration for facilitating field trips and laboratory space during the course of the study. We are most grateful to the Director, Kenya Wild Life Services (KWS) for kindly allowing us to work in their forests and also for providing security arrangements. We also wish to thank the Administration of the Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kenya for their kind permission to visit the government forest? where most of the study materials were obtained. Much appreciation goes to Mr George M. Kariuki, Department of Crop Protection, University of Nairobi for his technical assistance.

REFERENCES

BEENTJE H.J., 1994 - Kenya Trees, Shrubs nnti Liunas. Nairobi. National Museums of Kenya. 722 p.

GOOS R.D., 1974 - Scanning electron microscope and in \jilrn study of Mrliolu pnlmicn/u. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 8 1: 23-27.

GOOS R.D., 1978 - Field and laboratory studies of’meliolaceous fungi in Hawaii. Mc-o/o,qia 70: 995p 1006.

HANSFORD C.G., 1961 - The Mrliolinew, a monograph. S~dm~ia Beihefte 2: 1&X06. HANSFORD C.G. & DEIGHTON EC., 194X .-West African Meliolineae 11. Meliolineae collected

by EC. Deighton. Mydogicul Paper.7 23: 79 pp. HOSAGOUDAR V.B.. 1991 ~ Ascospore germination in meliolaceous fungi. NIIL~LI He&i,+ 52:

81-87. HOSAGOUDAR V.B., 1994 - Supplement to Hansford’\ ‘The Meliolinear Monograph’ II.

Journal qf Economic and Tuxonomic Hotunx 18: 37 l-378. HOSAGOUDAR V.B. & ABRAHAM T.K., 199X - Mrliolaceae of Kcrala. India 1V. M~c.ola.~o~~

66: 115-119. HUGHES S.J., 1952 - Fungi from the Gold Coast. I. Mycolo,qica/ Pupres 4X: Y 1 p. HUGHES S.J., I98 I -- Mucronate hyphopodia of Melioluceuc are phialidcs. Cunudiun Journal of

Rotund 59: 1.514-1517. HUGHES S.J., 1993 - Meliolinu and its excluded species. Myc-ological Pupers 166: l-255. HUGUENIN B., I969 - Micromyc&tes du Pacitique Sud. VII. MkliolinCes de Nouvelle-CalCdonie.

Revue de Mycologic 34: 23-61, KAPOOR J.N., 1967 - Notes on Indian Mcliolinae. Indiun Phy/opu/ho/ogy 20: I.5 l-l 60. KATUMOTO K. & HOSAGOUDAR V.B., 198Y -- Supplement to Hansford’s ‘The Mcliolincae

Monograph’. Journul of Economir ad Tuxononzic Rotutzy 13: 615-635. MIBEY R.K., KOKWARO J.O. & MUKUNYA D.N., l996a - Four new specica and some new

records of meliolaceous fungi from Kenya. My~wtnxon 57: X7-95. MIBEY R.K., KOKWARO J.O. & MUKUNYA D.N.. lY96b ~-. A new species and four new records

of Asterina from Kenya. Novrr HedwiSiu 62: 147-150. MIBEY R.K. & HAWKSWORTH D.L., I997 ~ Meliolucew and A.sterinuc~eue of the Shimba

Hills, Kenya. Mycolo,gic,u/ Pupers 174: l--I OX. MINTER D.W., SUTTON B.C. & BRADY B.L., 1983 - What are phialides anyway ?

Trunsnctions o/’ the British Mymlogical Society X I : 1 OY% 120. PETRAK E, 1958 -- Beitr&e Lur Kenntnis der Mcliolineen. Svdo&r 12: 43 l-365. VERDCOURT B.. 1971 -- Annonacear. In: Milne-Redhead f?. & Polhill R.M. (eds). F/am c?f’

Tropical East Africa. London, Crown Agents, 132 p.

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