BIOTEKNOLOGI DALAM BIDANG PERLINDUNGAN TANAMAN

Pembuatan Tanaman Resisten terhadap OPT

How to make plant resistance to pests/disease?

• Transgenic crop – A transgenic crop is a genetically modified organism

(GMO). Transgenic indicates that a transfer of genes has occurred using recombinant DNA technology.

– Generally a transgenic crop contains one or more genes that have been inserted artificially either from an unrelated plant or from different species altogether.

• Systemic induced resistance – Defence mechanism of the plant as a response to the

pest invasion or disease infection

What is transgenic crop?

• The first genetically modified food to reach our tables was the Flavr Savr tomato-slow down the ripening process

How to make transgenic crop?

Available transgenic crops

• Herbicide tolerance

– Soybean glyphosate herbicide (Roundup) tolerance

• Insect resistance

– Corn resistance to insect pests, specifically the European corn borer

• Virus resistance

– Plum resistance to plum pox virus

• Nutrition enrichment

– Golden rice, tobacco hep B,

Transgenic rice resistant to blast

Rice gene Pb1 confers panicle-blast resistance to rice Rice cultivars with (+Pb1) and without (-Pb1)

Rice plants overexpressing WRKY45 are resistant to blast (left) and leaf-blight (right) diseases.

Transgenic crop resistant to insect

http://www.apsnet.org/EDCENTER/K-12/TEACHERSGUIDE/PLANTBIOTECHNOLOGY/Pages/Health.aspx

Side effect of transgenic crop

• Human health issues

– Allergenicity

• Ecological and environmental risks

• Environmental fate

• Insect resistance management

• Affect on other natural enemies

Side effect of transgenic crop

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779998012980

Induced Systemic resistance

• SAR: resistance acquired through the infection of necrotizing pathogen – The plant response sometime

accumulate later

• ISR: defence response triggered through the introduction of non pathogenic rhizobacteria or other trigger – Plant will be ready when the

pathogen infect the plant

Happen in nature

Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)

A. A. thaliana

B. A. thaliana + Pcc

C. A. thaliana + Str

D. A. thaliana + Str + Pcc

ISR mediated PGPR