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Biotechnology and Medicine
Prof. S.K.PandaDepartment of Pathology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Translational Medicine has Varying MeaningsTranslational Medicine has Varying Meanings
The most explicit understanding is possibly
“Research where in a basic laboratory discovery becomes applicable to the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a specific disease”
Bench Bedside
The Kind of Man Power RequiredThe Kind of Man Power Required
1. Physician –Scientists. (with or without formal MD-PhD).
2. Collaborative groups consisting of Investigators
interested in basic understanding in physical, Chemical
and Biological sciences with Physicians interested in
solving specific problems.
AreasAreas
There are unlimited possibilities. However, the common areas
a) Molecular-Cell Biology Clinical Practice
b) Computational Intelligence Interface with Physiology
c) Physical & Chemical Research Application in Biology
– Basic research leads to clinical application
– Inter disciplinary research collaboration
– Educational programmes (MD/Ph.D. – physician scientist,
DM-infectious disease including training etc.)
– Basic research leads to clinical application
– Inter disciplinary research collaboration
– Educational programmes (MD/Ph.D. – physician scientist,
DM-infectious disease including training etc.)
Cells in similar environment
Infected Cells
Micro Array
2D + Maldi TOFF
Infected Cells Un-infected Cells
Cells
Replicon Transfection
Virus InfectionVirus Infection
Replicon Transfection
Mass Mass
Micro Array
2D + Maldi TOFF
Mass Mass
Used in
Molecules being modified
Diagnosis Therapeutic Dev.
Clinical Epidemiological
Comparison
Identification of molecules of interest
Other Studies Other Studies
Electronic Cantilever
• Antigen – Ab Interaction Diagnostic Platform• Mol. Hybridization
Visual recognition system/ Cochlear Implants/ Bionic limbs
Collaboration
PhysicsPhysics ElectronicsElectronics PhysiologyPhysiologyEngineeringEngineering Etc.
ST Lab-on-Chip allows Functions IntegrationsST Lab-on-Chip allows Functions Integrations
ST Lab-on-Chip
Minatec Sept. 2003
Silicon Prototype: 3Dim ViewSilicon Prototype: 3Dim View
Minatec Sept. 2003
• Micro Fludic
• Peltier
• Microarray
• Electromotive Nucleic acid movement and Hybridization
• Solid state portable laser scanner built to cell phone
• Central data server.
• Rural diagnostic
Lab-ON-a ChipLab-ON-a Chip
Biotechnology and therapeutics
Hereditary diseases Infectious diseases Neoplastic diseases Degenerative diseases Inflammatory Diseases Endocrine Diseases
Most diseases can be divided etiologically in to the following categories
Biotechnology can be used to treat several of them
• By replacing altered genes.• By knocking out up-regulated genes.• By delivering deficient enzymes or other biological
products.• By altering extraneously,response modifiers.• By making replacement cells in–vivo/ ex-vivo• By making transgenic organs for transplantation.• By producing antimicrobials, Ribozymes and gene
silencing RNA.
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism to regulate the expression of genes and the replication of viruses.
Mediated by double-stranded small interfering RNA molecules (siRNA).
RNAi technology is a comparatively recent discovery believed by scientists to constitute an important aspect of a cell’s natural defence mechanism against parasitic viruses.
Critically, the cell responds to a foreign (double stranded) form of siRNA introduced into the cell by destroying all internal mRNA with the same sequence as the siRNA.
RNA interference
Cell Therapy Cell-based therapies to treat disease, which is
often referred to as regenerative or reparative medicine.
Two kinds of stem cells from animals and humans:
Embryonic stem cells (In the developing fetus, stem cells in developing tissues give rise to the multiple specialized cell types that make up the heart, lung, skin, and other tissues).
Examples- Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and heart disease.
Adult stem cells (bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tear, injury, or disease)
Regenerative Medicine Potential Using Adult Stem Cells
Synthetic Biology
Engineering of new biological components and organisms and redesign of existing ones.