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Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

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Page 1: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Biotechnology

1. Analysis of Clonal DNA

2. DNA Cloning

3. Stem Cells

4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Page 2: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

DNA Cloning Recombinant DNA

Major tool-restriction enzymes; discovered in late 1960’s, cut DNA at restriction site, highly specific, manufactured by bacteria

Cloning vector-carrier for moving DNA into a cell

http://www.wehi.edu.au/education/wehitv/restriction_enzyme_ecor1/

Page 3: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Procedure for cloning a eukaryotic gene in a bacterial plasmid

Page 4: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

How to get a eukaryotic gene to function in a prokaryote

Basic problem: introns!! Solution: production of

cDNA (artificially produced

DNA that is made by using reverse transcriptase on a mRNA)

Page 5: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

DNA Libraries

DNA can be cut with restriction enzymes and inserted into plasmids, inserted into bacteria, and stored; whole genome is maintained

cDNA libraries eliminate everything except the genes

Page 6: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

PCR-polymerase chain reaction

Rapid amplification of a piece of DNA Billions of copies in a few hours Used by CSI, Jurassic Park? Prenatal diagnosis

Page 7: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
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Gel Electrophoresis

Produces DNA “fingerprints” Separates RFLP’s by using an electrical field Can be used to identify some genetic

diseases Presence of a particular gene Used as genetic markers

Page 9: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Page 10: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Page 11: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Other Technologies

Hybridization Human Genome Project Physical mapping Sequencing DNA Genome Analysis (DNA sequences, gene

expression, and gene function)

Page 12: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Cloning Plants

Page 13: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Cloning Animals-nuclear transplantation

Page 14: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Stem Cells

Unspecialized cell that can reproduce and differentiate

Types of stem cells

Embryonic stem cells from blastula

Adult stem cells

Page 15: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Disease diagnosis Gene Therapy Pharmaceutical products Forensic uses Environmental applications Agricultural applications

Page 16: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

iRNA

Page 17: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
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Page 19: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Page 20: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Page 21: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Page 22: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Page 23: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Page 24: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
Page 25: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
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Page 27: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology
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Videos and Websites

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0302/04.html

http://www.geneticorigins.org/mito/mitoframeset.htm http://genomics.energy.gov/ http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/cycseq.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/

animations/content/pcr.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/

animations/content/plasmidcloning.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/index.html

Page 34: Biotechnology 1. Analysis of Clonal DNA 2. DNA Cloning 3. Stem Cells 4. Practical Applications of DNA Technology

Websites and Videos

http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pecorino2.html

http://www.dnai.org/index.htm http://people.ibest.uidaho.edu/~etop/vgp/

index.html http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/

restriction.html http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna/

animations.html